Language Step-Up Series: Capital Letters, Full Stops, Question Marks & Apostrophes

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r o e t s B r e ooFull Capital Letters, p u k S

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Stops, Question Marks and Apostrophes

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P Ages) (For Primar rimary ©(F Ror ead yrimar EdPuy bl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

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Written by Lyn Catchpole. Illustrated by Rod Jefferson. © Ready-Ed Publications - 1995.

Published by Ready-Ed Publications (1995) P.O. Box 276 Greenwood W.A. 6024 COPYRIGHT NOTICE Permission is granted for the purchaser to photocopy sufficient copies for non-commercial educational purposes.

However, this permission is not transferable and applies only to the purchasing individual or institution.

ISBN 1 86397 100 9

The activities contained in this book allow teachers to meet the requirements of the various English State curriculum documents with regard to the Writing strand. The book provides opportunities for the consolidation of language skills that children should be equipped with as a result of their primary schooling.

As shown in the Contents below the approach is basic and simple - teach the skill; reinforce it in a variety of ways; use it in context as often as possible.

To help the consolidation process wall charts have been provided on the concepts treated in this book - it is suggested that they are enlarged to A3 size and displayed as a constant reference point for the class.

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Our artist has used the theme of ‘unusual beings’ to provide a little light relief for students doing the activities in the book.

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CONTENTS

3 4 5 6 7, 8, 9 10 11 12 13, 14, 15

Full stops 16 Full stops to end statements - 1, 2, 3 Full stops for abbreviations - 1, 2

17, 18, 19 20, 21

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‘CAPITAL LETTERS’SECTION Teacher Information Page Capital letters for sentence beginnings Capital letters for people’s names Capital letters for people’s names (and some special animals) Capital letters for names of places - 1, 2, 3 Capital letters to begin direct speech Capital letters for days, months, holidays, special events, historical periods Capital letters for names of organisations, businesses, institutions etc.

Capital letters in a passage - 1, 2, 3

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‘QUESTION MARKS/EXCLAMATION MARKS’ SECTION Question marks - 1, 2 Exclamation marks

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‘APOSTROPHES FOR CONTRACTIONS’ SECTION Apostrophes for contractions - 1, 2 TESTING SKILLS COVERED IN THIS BOOK Punctuation Test; Teacher Page & Marking Key

MASTERS FOR WALL CHARTS - enlarge to A3 size Capital Letters; Full Stops; Question Marks Exclamation Marks; Contractions EVALUATION SHEETS Evaluation Of Punctuation Skills (Teacher Checklist) Detailed Evaluation Of Punctuation Skills

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© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• ‘FULL STOPS’ SECTION

22, 23 24 25, 26

27, 28

29, 30, 31 32, 33 34 35

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Teacher Information P age Page In this book...

R Capital letters are used for... + Sentence beginnings. + Proper nouns.

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+ Subject titles.

+ People’s names.

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+ Main words in book titles, plays, films, TV shows, songs. + Important words in titles.

+ “I” pronoun. + Names of places e.g. towns, states, countries.

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+ Beginning of direct speech.

+ Names of organizations, businesses, institutions, brand names, ships etc. + Names of days, months, holidays, special events, historical periods.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons R Full Stops are used for... rr evi ew pur posesonl y• + • Endf ofo sentence. + Reference to deities.

+ Indirect questions.

R Question marks are...

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+ Abbreviations (other than those where the first and last letter are included, e.g Dr)

+ Used for the end of a sentence which is a question asking for information.

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+ Placed directly after the question in direct speech.

R Exclamation marks are...

+ Used for the end of a statement which expresses a strong emotion or feeling. + Placed directly at the end of an exclamation in direct speech.

+ Used for some sentences which appear to be questions but don’t require an answer, e.g. Wasn’t that a silly thing to do!

R Apostrophes are used for... + Contractions to indicate that two words have been contracted into one and some letters have been left out, e.g. do not - don’t; they are - they’re.

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Capital letters for sentence beginnings 1. Rewrite these sentences putting in the missing capitals.

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can we go to the beach today?

................................................................................................................................... mary sent a parcel through the post.

yesterday we went on a picnic.

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who left the car parked in the driveway?

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you have to be at home by five o’clock.

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2. Write a description of yourself. Remember to use a capital to start each new sentence.

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3. Write in the missing capitals in this passage.

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cats are wonderful animals. in early times, cats were worshipped as gods. the early egyptians built shrines to cats. in more modern times, many people appreciate cats as pets. unlike dogs, cats don’t have to be taken for walks. on cold winter nights, cats make wonderful hot water bottles! cats are very independent animals, but they can also be very affectionate. some cats give their owners dead mice as presents!

4. Use the back of this page to write a story of five sentences about your favourite pastime or hobby. Remember capitals for sentence beginnings!

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Capital letters for people’s names

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R Complete these statements.

My full name is .................................................................................................................

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My father’s name is ..........................................................................................................

My mother’s name is ........................................................................................................

A relative’s name is ..........................................................................................................

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My pet’s name is ..............................................................................................................

My doctor’s name is .........................................................................................................

My friend’s name is ..........................................................................................................

R Create some imaginative names for the following. Try to make the names

match their profession: e.g. Captain Sea Worthy - a sea captain.

1. An aeroplane pilot captain ..........................................................................................

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr e vi ew pur posesonl y• A naughty schoolboy ..................................................................................................

2. A zoo keeper ..............................................................................................................

3. A school headteacher ................................................................................................

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5. A fish and chip shop owner ........................................................................................

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6. A ballet teacher ..........................................................................................................

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7. A bookshop owner .....................................................................................................

8. A racing car driver ......................................................................................................

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9. A politician ..................................................................................................................

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Capital letters for the pronoun “I” ch e r er o t s super

10. A sheep farmer ..........................................................................................................

.......................... Use the following pronouns to complete the phrases - I I’m I’ll I’ve I’d. .......................... like to visit that country .......................... wish I still had my watch. .......................... be there soon. .......................... seen that film already. .......................... 10 years old tomorrow.

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Capital letters for people’s names (and some special animals)

Spot

Frank

Sylvester

Uncle Joe

Mrs Hutchin

Susan

Capt. Greenvelt

Dr Green

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Mr Jones

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Mike

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons My next door arev ...................... ......................... have daughter, •neighbours f orr e i ew pand ur posesThey on l ya •

R Use the names under the pictures to put in the missing words and finish the story.

...................... , and a son, ...................... . Last week some very strange things

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happened to their household. Their favourite uncle, .............................. , had come to

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visit and usually his visits meant excitement and strange happenings. This visit was

definitely strange! First there was ....................the dog and then......................................

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the cat who started acting very strange indeed, but when ............................................., an old seafaring friend of Uncle Joe’s arrived, things really started to happen. ........................................., who lives on the other side of the Jones’s, was terrified by what she saw and sent her son ..................................to fetch ......................................, whose surgery was just around the corner. You can’t image his surprise when he arrived on the scene and saw ...

Continue your story on the back.

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Capital letters for names of places -1

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R Use the place names below to fill in this imaginary map.

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Henty’s Range Ridgetown Green Ocean

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Dale River Mt Rogue Skeleton Desert

Ross Valley Bronty’s Park LakeRex

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© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Sandy Bay Hedly Forest Mauri Island

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R Write your full name and full address below.

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R Write the full name and address of your school below. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................

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Capital letters for names of places - 2

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons • f omap rr e vi ew ur posesonl y• Use the world to answer thesep questions.

1. What ocean lies between Australia and Africa? ...........................................................

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2. What is the name of the southernmost African country? ..............................................

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3. What country is to the north of the Indian Ocean? .......................................................

4. What is the country with three main islands east of Australia?.....................................

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5. What are the two main countries of North America? ....................................................

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6. Which is the largest city of Australia? ...........................................................................

7. What is the largest country of South America? ............................................................

What do these numbers show on the map?

1.

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2. The largest city in these islands ................................

3. This country ..............................

4. This large American state ..................................

5. This huge river system ..................................

6. This country ...................................

7. This giant island ...........................................

8. This ocean .......................................... 9. This island .................................................

10. This continent .......................................

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Capital letters for names of places - 3

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This city is the capital of France. ...............................................................................

3.

This sea separates Europe from Africa. ....................................................................

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6.

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© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons Use the map of Europe and your atlas to provide these place names.

•f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• What country is this? .................................................................................................

What is this boot-shaped country? ............................................................................

This city is the largest in this country. ........................................................................

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This country is in the north of the British Isles. ..........................................................

7.

This country is also part of the British Isles. ..............................................................

8.

What is the name of the river on which London sits? ................................................

9.

What is this small, landlocked country? ....................................................................

10. This county had an ancient civilisation. .....................................................................

11. What country is this? .................................................................................................

12. This stretch of water separates England and France. ...............................................

13. This is a country in the British Isles. ..........................................................................

14. This city is the capital of Greece. ..............................................................................

15. This island is part of Italy. ..........................................................................................

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Capital letters to begin direct speech Note

1. A capital letter is used for the first word in quotation marks. e.g. “He’s late,” said Harry.

Gary replied, “Don’t worry. He’ll get here.”

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R Rewrite the sentences and put in the missing capitals.

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2. If the speech is broken, the first word of the second part does not have a capital letter. e.g. “Very well!” shouted Kay, “the dog may stay.”

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“we’ll soon see the mountains,” said Jason.

2.

Dr Hickory replied, “yes, I can see you now.”

3.

“how soon,” asked Bob, “can you be here?”

4.

When mum arrived home she said, “there’s some biscuits for you on the table.” “thanks,” Sam and Karen replied, “we’re very hungry.”

5.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons The old man asked, “where is the bank, please?” ocorner,” rr e vi ew p utor p esonl y• “around• the f next Jack answered, “next the o posts office.”

Continue on the back of this page if you need more room.

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Capital letters for days, months, holidays, special events, historical periods

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R Sort the following under their correct heading in the chart.

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February Tuesday Dark Ages December Easter Wednesday Christmas Mother’s Day Olympics

Halloween Roaring Forties Saturday Boxing Day

Commonwealth Games World War II April Monday Christian Era Industrial Revolution Good Friday Space Age Easter Monday Thanksgiving

R Add some more of your own.

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June Reformation New Year’s Day Friday August

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Months

Holidays

Special Events Historical Periods

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Capital letters for names of organisations, businesses, institutions, ships, houses, brand names etc.

R Rewrite these using capitals.

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boots johnson’s coca-cola mcdonald’s pizza hut

woolworths freemasons lady mary strawberry cottage rotary stuart primary school christian dior red cross world vision

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Capital letters for the main words in titles of books, plays, TV shows, songs

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Note - * All words except the less important words have capitals e.g. and, of, the. * The first word of a title always has a capital.

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R Write down the name of the following.

Your favourite: Book .....................................................................................................................

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TV show ...............................................................................................................

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Song .....................................................................................................................

Poem ....................................................................................................................

Name a play you have seen .................................................................................

Name a ballet you have heard of ..........................................................................

Name a film you have been to ..............................................................................

What is the name of your local newspaper? .............................................................................................................................

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Capital letters in a passage - 1

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R Read the passage then complete the activities below.

“I’m starving,” Tim complained. “I’d love a Mars bar or maybe some smith’s chips.”

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“What did you spend all your money on?” jeffrey asked.

“Me and my sister Susan saved up together to get a new Sega game,” Tim explained gloomily.

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“You got a new game?” Jeffrey asked excitedly. “what did you get?”

“Can I have a go?” asked Jeffrey.

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“Sonic the Hedgehog meets Godzilla the Horrible in Mountain of Doom,” Tim said. “It’s really cool. Whenever sonic falls of a cliff it plays that old song ‘falling down the mountain’ by INXS.” “You can if Susan ever finishes,” Tim said. “She’s been playing since last Wednesday. She still hasn’t lost a life! She doesn’t even stop for dinner, just orders a pizza from pizza hut. I might as well be in hungary or at the south pole.”

“Oh no,” he suddenly groaned.

“What’s wrong?” Jeffrey asked anxiously.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons Write down the following from the paragraph: •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• All the words that have missed capital letters.

“All that’s reminded me of how starving I am again!” Tim complained.

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2. People’s names

3. Names of titles

4. Names of places

5. Names of organisations/businesses/ brands

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Capital letters in a passage - 2

R Use a coloured pen to put capital letters in all the places they should be

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on Wednesday, alex and I went to charlottesville to see the film “dumb and dumber”. we drove to albert train station to catch the fasttrak train into the city. on the way, alex turned his sony radio up really loudly, so he could hear his favourite song, “better man”.

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“pearl jam is my favourite band,” he said. “i wish that they would make another world tour.” when he wasn’t looking i changed the radio station from triple m to 6 ky.

“what number is triple me on the dial?” i asked.

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“yuck, what’s this?” he screamed as a spice girls song came on. “change it back tina.”

he told me that it was 96 fm, but by then we had reached the train station.

R Rewrite this paragraph replacing all the words for which you used a capital with another word of similar meaning, e.g. change “Dumb and Dumber” to “Forrest Gump”, Alex to John and so on.

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Capital letters in a passage - 3

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R Use a coloured pen to put capital letters in all the places they should be.

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“hi jenny,” said lisa. “what are you doing?”

“i’m going to the kodak store to pick up mum’s photos, “jenny replied, “the photographs she took on her trip to france. do you want to come and see them?”

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“i’d love to,” lisa said. “what did she take photos of?”

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“well, mum went to visit her brother john first. he lives in paris. she says she took a photo from the top of the eiffel tower, and she went to cannes to see her sister, jacqui. they went to a party on this great big boat called the “anastasia”. she said it was as big as our house!” “wow, it sounds like she had a good time,” lisa sighed. “i wish i could go to france.”

“no worries,” jenny grinned. “i’ll just win lotto, and buy us first class tickets on qantas airlines for next Monday. that way we can go to france, and miss school at the same time!”

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R Imagine Jenny did win Lotto. Tell the rest of the story. Don’t forget the capital letters to begin the sentences. .........................................................................................................................................

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full stops

Full stops Full stops are used to show the end of a statement.

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e.g. Hang-gliding has become a popular sport.

We had to change our clothes as they got wet during the football match.

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SPECIAL NOTE - Remember: one idea - one statement.

1. Mark enjoys playing the piano he goes to lessons each Monday 2. My grandma is staying with us she lives in Wales

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R Separate the two statements in the examples below by using a coloured pen to show full stops and capital letters. Add any other full stops as well.

3. The seal slipped into the water he had been the men approaching 4. The office building is huge it is in the centre of town

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons Yesterday I played at my friend’s house today she is playing at mine •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Rod enjoys listening to music he has a lot of music tapes

5. I like to fly kites I flew one yesterday 6.

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8. Our friends came to visit us they brought their new car to show us

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9. It was too wet to go outside to play yesterday so we stayed inside we made up some jigsaws

10. Camping in the country is great fun you need to learn how to pitch a tent though

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11. If you hurry you will catch the bus if you miss this one the next one’s not due for half an hour 12. The circus was great there was a variety of different acts

13. The gardener planted some new trees I hope they grow quickly to give us shade 14. Next year we are going to China it should be a very interesting holiday

15. My friends like to go swimming they swim at the beach in summer and at indoor baths in winter

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Full stops to end statements - 1 R Separate these statements with full stops. Write the last word of one sentence and the first word of the next to show the separations.

Don’t forget the capital letters. The first one has been done for you.

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1. Their family had travelled a long way they had been to Canada, America and China they brought home a lot of souvenirs

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way. They ...................................................................................................................................

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2. Last Christmas we went on holidays we camped near the beach it was beautiful weather and we spent most of the days swimming

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3. My favourite hobby is stamp collecting I have a lot of stamps from many different countries some stamps are valuable I hope to be able to collect many more

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4. When you bake a cake you need to ensure you have all the ingredients it can be very difficult if you are half way through making your cake and not be able to bake it

5. I saw a great film last week it had lots of action and humour the best part was when the helicopter landed on the bridge the fim had an exciting ending

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R Write three statements about a film you have seen.

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2.

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3.

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Full stops to end statements - 2 R Tick which of the following are full statements and place the full stop correctly.

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The children were left alone

Jack chased the cat

Lifting his bat

Five people saw

Looking towards the pier he saw the launch arriving

Walking as fast as he could John caught up with them

Jane and Jamie went to the films

We have a new car

The newspaper was well read

Yesterday, the men ordered

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Next to the shed

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Carefully and gently

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Write five statements about your favourite sport. Remember to use full stops.

On his own

We can’t go to the cricket

At my neighbour’s house my friend

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R Write five statements about your family.

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Full stops to end statements - 3 R Use a coloured pen to place the full stops in these passages.

Remember to use a capital letter to begin each statement or sentence.

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One of my favourite things to do on Saturdays is to go to the beach i usually go every week, even if it is raining in summertime the beach is hot and there are lots of people some people bring their dogs down to have a swim as well in wintertime there are not so many people i don’t swim when it is cold, but it is still fun to walk along the wave line to see whether anything has been washed up one time I found a plastic chair it looked like it had been in the water for ages every time I go to the beach I try to find a piece of cuttlefish for my budgie most of the time, all I can find is seaweed

In two weeks there will be a solar eclipse this doesn’t happen very often, and so it is quite exciting to watch you have to be very careful when watching a solar eclipse even though the sun looks covered over, you can still damage your eyes if you look straight into it some scientists overcome this difficulty by using a camera to photograph the eclipse later on they can use the photographs as study materials

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R Answer these questions about the second passage. Write your answer in full sentences. Remember to use capitals to begin sentences and full stops to end.

1. Why do you need to be careful when watching an eclipse?

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2. How do scientists overcome their problems of watching an eclipse?

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3. Why do scientists want to view an eclipse? ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................

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Full stops for abbreviations - 1

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3 A full stop is used for abbreviations when only the first part of the word is used. e.g. September - Sept.

R Circle the abbreviations below which need a full stop.

Write the full form for all of them.

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3 If the last letter of the word is included full stops are not used. e.g. street - st road - rd

Mon ..........................................................

Dec ............................................................

Pde ...........................................................

St ...............................................................

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Ave ...........................................................

Nov ............................................................

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sec .............................................................

Dr .............................................................

Aust ...........................................................

R Abbreviate these and include full stops if needed.

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figure ........................................................

etcetera .....................................................

road ..........................................................

major .........................................................

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Thursday ..................................................

February ....................................................

Secretary ..................................................

Proprietry ...................................................

Saint .........................................................

Reverend ...................................................

minute ......................................................

company ....................................................

Tasmania..................................................

Crescent ....................................................

Mister .......................................................

Victoria ......................................................

Brothers ....................................................

Limited .......................................................

Professor ..................................................

Honorable ..................................................

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full stops

Name .............................................

Full stops for abbreviations - 2 3 Full stops are used after initials in abbreviations. e.g. New York - N.Y. Royal Agricultural Society - R.A.S.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S Note - Small unimportant words are left out.

Teac he r

R Write these in abbreviated form.

Western Australia .....................................

New Zealand ............................................

Ante Meridian ...........................................

United States of America ..........................

United Kingdom .........................................

Before Christ ............................................

Please Turn Over ......................................

Member of Parliament ..............................

Bachelor of Arts .........................................

European Economic Community ..........................................

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •...................................................................................................................... f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

R What do these abbreviations mean? Write the full form.

R.A.C. P.S.

ew i ev Pr

Post Office ................................................

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

A.D.

......................................................................................................................

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m . u

O.H.M.S.

R.S.V.P.

......................................................................................................................

J.P.

......................................................................................................................

P.M.

......................................................................................................................

M.A.

......................................................................................................................

V.C.

......................................................................................................................

. te

o c . che e r o t r s super

R ACRONYMS use the first letter of each word forming the name.

These do not have a full stop, e.g.

QANTAS - Queensland and Northern Territory Air Services.

WHO - World Health Organisation.

UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation.

R Can you find five more acronyms for names of organisations?

Write both forms on the back of this page.

Some grammar texts now include the rule, “If a name which is made up of more than one word is shortened, the first letter of each word is used without full stops in between.”

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Name .............................................

?

question marks

Question marks - 1

A question mark is used at the end of a statement which is a question.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

R Which sentences below are questions?

Put in the question marks or full stops.

Teac he r

R Create questions which might have the answers given.

1.

2.

ew i ev Pr

1. I live next to a park 2. Do you know the way to the stadium 3. Is that your tabby cat over there 4. Didn’t the farmer fix the tractor 5. The school will close early next Wednesday 6. Where is the entry to the building 7. Mary arrived late last night, didn’t she 8. We’ve been to the films and out for dinner 9. The forecast is for a fine day tommorow 10. If you move closer can you see the building

...................................................................................................................................

It doesn’t leave until half past one.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons ...................................................................................................................................

•tof o rr evi ew pur posesonl y• She goes dancing every Monday.

4.

...................................................................................................................................

The bags have been put in the bedroom.

5.

...................................................................................................................................

Karen likes roses and violets best.

. te

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...................................................................................................................................

They have been on holiday in Canada.

w ww

3.

o c . che e r o t r s super

R Find all the questions in this paragraph and put in question marks.

Underline the actual words that make the question.

“Where am I,” asked Alex wonderingly.

“We’re asking the questions here. Who are you. What are you doing in our headquarters.” snapped the menacing looking man in grey overalls.

“Headquarters.” asked Alex. “What headquarters. Who are you people.”

“Don’t act dumb,” the man growled. “You think that we don’t know you’re a spy.”

“A spy!” Alex shrieked. “Are you joking. I just got lost looking for the toilets.”

“A likely story. Now, why are you sniffing around our secret sausage supply and storage silo.”

“Oh wow,” Alex moaned. “How did I get into this.”

3 Using a reading book, find all the questions on a page and write them on a piece of paper. Remember to include the question marks.

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Name .............................................

question marks

Question marks - 2

?

A question mark is used at the end of direct speech when a question is asked, e.g. “Where is my hat?” asked Henry.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

R Put the question marks, or other punctuation, in these examples.

1. “Have you seen Joe’s new bike “ asked Bill.

Teac he r

2. “Isn’t that your younger brother over there “ queried Susan.

ew i ev Pr

3. “We are going to the shop to buy some bread “ said Alice and Brent.

4. Mother said, “Can you collect the boxes from next door for me please “ 5. “I’ll be leaving at 5.30 pm “ Uncle John replied.

6. The children shouted, “Can we all come too” 7. “I saw the puppies too” said Gail, “but they are for sale”

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons or r ev i ew pheu r pLouise. osesonl y• 10. “Mark• hasf gone home already, hasn’t “said 8. “When you see Ross “ explained Kate, “will you tell him to phone me “

9. “Soon we will see the park “ said Jade, “as it’s just around this corner “

w ww

. te

m . u

R Write some questions from your favourite literature in the boxes below. Cut them out and make a class chart of your favourite questions, e.g. Why are you going to Grandma’s house?

o c . che e r o t r s super

You might like to use these as a guessing game to see if other class members can guess from which literature the question came.

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Name .............................................

exclaimation marks

!

Exclamation marks are used at the end of statements to express strong feelings or emotions.

R Decide which of these are exclamations and write them below. Add the exclamation marks.

1. Look out

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S 2. We’ll see if we can go

4. Leave it alone

5. Can you see him yet

6. How terrible for you

Teac he r

3. Don’t be so silly

8. Please leave now or you’ll be late

9. Ouch

10. Louise, you saw that didn’t you

11. What a great picture

12. I thought I saw you yesterday

13. Oh dear, now it’s broken

14. Have you seen my book

15. What a shame

16. They’ll visit tomorrow

17. What a horrible mess

18. How dare you take that

ew i ev Pr

7. That’s wonderful

© Ready E dfantastic Pub l i cat i ons 20.

That’s work Exclamations •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• 19. James is at home

......................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................

w ww

m . u

......................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................

. te

.........................................................................................................................................

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......................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................

R Write the type of emotion next to the exclamations below. e.g. anger, surprise, disgust, despair, appreciation.

1. You silly boy!

2. Oh dear!

................................................. .................................................

3. My goodness, what a surprise! .................................................

4. That’s wonderful!

.................................................

5. How awful for you!

.................................................

6. Never do that again!

.................................................

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apostrophes

Name .............................................

Apostrophes for contractions - 1 An apostrophe is used when two words have been contracted into one word. It shows where some letters have been left out, e.g. you will you’ll.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

R Match the short and long forms. Write the missing letters in the spaces. ...................................

he would

we’d

...................................

she will

aren’t

...................................

does not

has’nt

...................................

they are

she’s

...................................

should not

they’re

...................................

she’ll

...................................

I’d

...................................

Teac he r

he’d

she s © ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons

are not

we would I would she has

ew i ev Pr

has not

shouldn’t ...................................

...................................

•f odoesn’t rr ev i ew pur posesonl y•

R Put the apostrophe in the correct place in each word. cant

hes

weve

isnt

were

whos

Ill

whats

hadnt

youve

Im

shouldnt

R Write these contractions.

. te

dont

m . u

theyll

w ww

Ive

has not

.............................................

we will

..............................................

cannot

.............................................

they had

..............................................

we have

.............................................

they would ..............................................

shall not

.............................................

you had

..............................................

where is

.............................................

it will

..............................................

she would .............................................

were not

..............................................

could not .............................................

you will

..............................................

I am

.............................................

who is

..............................................

you are

.............................................

they have ..............................................

how will

.............................................

it is

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..............................................

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apostrophes

Name .............................................

Apostrophes for contractions - 2 R Sort these contractions into the correct boxes. mustn’t

you’re

didn’t

she’s

hadn’t

they’re

aren’t

when’ll

who’s will

they’ll

don’t

we’d

he’ll

he’s

wouldn’t

I’ll

wasn’t

won’t

they’re

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S am is are

not

has have had

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

can’t

would

w ww

. te

R Put the missing apostrophes in these sentences

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

1. I cant be sure when she left.

2. Havent you seen that film yet?

3. Jessie and Sam dont know how to get there.

4. If you arent there by 9 o’clock well leave without you.

5. Its a long way to the next town so Ill fill my petrol tank here.

6. Whenll they be returning from their holiday?

7. It doesnt matter which way its done as long as youve tried hard.

8. Jack wont be at school because hes got a dentist appointment.

9. Theyre arriving home tomorrow.

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Name

Punctuation Test

.............................................

Date ..........................................

R This passage has been partly punctuated for you.

Use coloured pen to include the capital letters, full stops for abbreviations, apostrophes for contractions, question marks and exclamation marks. “its 11:13 am on Wednesday may 10, 1997. we are waiting outside k-mart, at cooperstown, for one kathy lee bates who is now exactly thirteen minutes late...”

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

“oh be quiet tim. what are you going on about”

tim looked profoundly injured. “i am making a record of the day, do that later generations can study our activities.”

Teac he r

ew i ev Pr

“yeah, well i dont think that later generations will be interested in us going to the movies. whens kathy going to show up. im bored.”

stephen flopped back onto the bench and started to whistle the song “born in the usa.”

“yuck. bruce springsteens awful,” tim complained. “hey, have you decided what you want to see. were running late anyway, wed better make up our minds now. i dont want to miss the start of the movie again.” “oh, all we missed is some mushy kissing stuff,” stephen said. “i want to see ‘metal skin’. POW, KABOOM, CRASH” stephen somersaulted off the bench and lay on the footpath.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons “fat chance,” said kathy, walking up. “thats rated adults only. they dont let little boys like you in.” •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• “where have you been” shouted stephen, opening his eyes. “weve been waiting for hours.”

w ww

“mothers day” tim and stephen said in unison. “ooops.”

. te

m . u

“oh sure,” kathy replied. “i had to go and buy mum something for mothers day.”

“yeah,” kathy said. “i bought my mum this great african violet - see”

o c . che e r o t r s super

“umm, i dont think i can make the movies,” tim said, edging towards the door of tesco. “well meet you back here at 1pm, okay kath” stephen added as they shuffled off. “yeah, right,” kathy complained as she set off for home.

as she headed off down rambles road, kathy remembered that she had forgotten to buy a card to go with her present. fortunately she was near sommervilles newsagency so she called in and selected a lovely card.

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Page 27

TEACHER P AGE - MARKING KEY FOR ‘PUNCTU ATION TEST PAGE ‘PUNCTUA TEST’’

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

“It’s 11:13 a.m. on Wednesday May 10, 1997. We are waiting outside K-Mart, at Cooperstown, for one Kathy Lee Baths who is now exactly thirteen minutes late...”

“Oh be quiet Tim. What are you going on about?”

Tim looked profoundly injured. “I am making a record of the day, so that later generations can study our activites.”

“Yeah, well I don’t think that later generations will be interested in us going to the movies. When’s Kathy going to show up? I’m bored.”

Stephen flopped back onto the bench and started to whistle the song “Born in the U.S.A.”.

“Yuck! Bruce Springsteen’s awful,” Tim complained. “Hey, have you decided what you want to see?

We’re running late anyway, we’d better make up our minds now. I don’t want to miss the start of the movie again.”

“Oh, all we missed is some mushy kissing stuff,” Stephen said. “I want to see ‘Metal Skin’. POW, KABOOM, CRASH!” Stephen somersaulted off the bench and lay on the footpath.

“Fat chance,” said Kathy, walking up. “That’s rated Adults Only. They don’t let little boys like you in.”

“Where have you been?” shouted Stephen, opening his eyes. “We’ve been waiting for hours.”

“Oh sure,” Kathy replied. “I had to go and buy my mum something for Mother’s Day.” “Mother’s Day!” Tim and Stephen said in unison. “Ooops.”

“Yeah,” Kathy said. “I bought my mum this great African Violet - see?”

“Umm, I don’t think I can make the movies,” Tim said, edging towards the door of Tesco.

“We’ll meet you back here at 1 p.m., okay Kath?” Stephen added as they shuffled off.

“Yeah, right,” Kathy complained as she set off for home.

As she headed off down Rambles Road, Kathy remembered that she had forgotten to buy a card to go with her present. Fortunately she was near Sommerville’s Newsagency so she called in and selected a lovely card.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

...........................................................................................................................................................

Name .......................................................................................

Date ....................................................

SCORING: There are at least 100 items in this test. Take off 1 mark per error to arrive at the Competency Score.

Note: Once a capital has been counted as a sentence beginning it is excluded in the other categories.

CHECKLIST OF SKILLS

Tally of errors

w ww

Capitals for people’s names Capitals for days and months Capitals for names of special days

. te

o c . che e r o t r s super

Capitals for names of places

Capitals for names of movies, songs Capitals for brand names Capitals for businesses Capitals for pronouns

m . u

Capitals for sentence beginnings

Full stops for abbreviations

Apostrophes for contractions Question marks Exclamation marks Total

Comments

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CAPITAL are CAPIT AL LETTERS ar e used for ...

R Sentence beginnings. e.g. We saw a huge whale.

Who left that book over there?

r o e t s Bo r e ok R Pronoun ‘I’. p u e.g. I, I’m,S I’ve, I’ll, I’d.

R Name of places (towns, states, countries etc). e.g. London, New Zealand, California.

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

R Proper Names. e.g. Sam, Dr Allem, Mrs Gray, Flossy.

R Names of organizations, businesses, institutions, brand names, ships etc. e.g. Coca Cola, Red Cross, Joe’s Fruit and Veg.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

R Names of days, months, holidays, special events, historical periods. e.g. Tuesday, September, Mother’s Day, Christmas.

. te

R Subject Titles. e.g. Science, Psychology, French.

m . u

w ww

R Main words in book titles, plays, films, TV shows, songs. e.g. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Home and Away, Twinkle Twinkle Little Star.

o c . e R Beginning ofc Direct Speech. h r e o t r e.g. “Please come inside out of the rain,” ssaid Mum. s r u e p “Yesterday,” said Anne, “ we made a birthday cake.”

R Reference to Deities. e.g. God, Jesus Christ, Holy Spirit, Allah, Buddha.

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are for...

FULL STOPS ar e used for ...

R The end of a statement. e.g. I went to the library yesterday.

R Indirect questions. e.g. She asked if we could go to the beach.

Teac he r

R After initials in abbreviations. e.g. P.S. U.S.A. a.m.

ew i ev Pr

r o e t s Bo r e ok R Abbreviations. p u (Other thanS those where the first and last letter are included.) e.g. Nov. Tues. etc.

w ww

. te

Page 30

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

QUESTION MARKS ar e used for ... are for...

R The end of a sentence which is a question. e.g. Can you see the new school?

r o e t s B r e oo e.g. “Have youp been to Sally’s house?” asked Margaret. u k S

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

R The end of direct speech which is a question.

w ww

. te

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m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

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Page 31

EXCL CLAMA AMATION are for...

EX CL AMA TION MARKS ar e used for ...

R The end of a statement which expresses a strong emotion or feeling. e.g. What a shame!

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u R Some sentences which appear to be questions but don’t S require an answer. e.g. Did you see that!

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

R The end of an exclamation in direct speech. e.g. “Watch out!” cried Phillip.

w ww

. te

Page 32

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

o c . che e r o t r s super

Ready-Ed Publications

CONTRACTIONS R APOSTROPHES are used to show where two words are contracted into one and some letters are left out. e.g.

Teac he r

we will they have

isn’t we’ll

ew i ev Pr

is not

33 3 3 3 33

r o e t s Bocan’t r e p o u k you are you’re S cannot

they’ve

w ww

. te

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I’m

m . u

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons was not wasn’t •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• I am

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Page 33

Evaluation Of Punctuation Skills CHECKLIST

Name ............................................................

Date .......................................................

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Year Level ....................................................

R Uses capital letter for all names.

R Uses capital letters for titles.

R Uses capital letters for direct speech.

R Uses capital letters for pronoun “I”.

R

...............

...............

............... ...............

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons...............

Uses full stops for abbreviations. ...............

•f orr evi ew pur posesonl y• Uses question marks for end of a question. ...............

R Uses full stops to end a sentence.

R

...............

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

R Uses capital letters for sentence beginnings.

R Uses question marks directly after speech.

R Uses apostrophes to make contractions.

Comments

. te

m . u

w ww

R Uses exclamation mark at the end of an emotional statement.

............... ...............

...............

o c . che e r o t r s super

......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................

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Detailed Evaluation of Punctuation Skills Name .......................................................

Date ..................................................

Year level ................................................

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

High

Low

5-4-3-2-1

R Uses capital letters for names for people.

5-4-3-2-1

R Uses capital letters for names of places.

5-4-3-2-1

R Uses capital letters for names of days, months etc.

R Uses capital letters for names of organisations businesses, brands, ships, etc.

R Uses capital letters for titles e.g. books, plays etc.

R Uses capital letters for pronoun “I”.

ew i ev Pr

Teac he r

R Uses capital letters for sentence beginnnings correctly.

5-4-3-2-1

5-4-3-2-1

5-4-3-2-1

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons5-4-3-2-1 orforr e v i e w pur posesonl y5-4-3-2-1 • R Uses• fullf stops the end of a sentence.

5-4-3-2-1

R Uses capital letters for beginnings of direct speech.

5-4-3-2-1

R Uses full stops for abbreviations.

5-4-3-2-1

w ww

R Uses question marks for the end of a question.

. te

m . u

R Uses full stops for indirect questions.

R Uses question marks directly after speech in direct speech.

5-4-3-2-1

5-4-3-2-1

5-4-3-2-1 o c .

R Uses exclamationc marks at end of emotional e r statements in direct h speech.

5-4-3-2-1 er o t s s uper R Uses exclamation mark for emotional questions which R Uses exclamation marks at the end of an emotional statement.

do not require an answer.

5-4-3-2-1

R Uses apostrophes in contractions.

5-4-3-2-1

R Contracts words correctly.

5-4-3-2-1

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ANSWERS (Most answers in the book will be easily provided by teachers. The answers on this page are those where a little more background may be required.)

Page 6 Mr Jones, Mrs Jones, Susan, Mike, Uncle Joe, Spot, Sylvester, Capt. Greenvelt, Mrs Hutchin, Frank, Dr Green.

Page 8 1. Indian Ocean 2. South Africa 3. India 4. New Zealand 5. Canada, United States of America 6. Sydney 7. Brazil.

Part Two - 1. Papua New Guinea 2. London 3. France 4. Alaska 5. Amazon 6. Argentina 7.

Greenland 8. Atlantic Ocean 9. Tasmania 10. South America.

r o e t s Bo r e p ok u S

Teac he r

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Page 9 1. Spain 2. Paris 3. Mediterranean Sea 4. Italy 5. Rome 6. Scotland 7. Ireland 8. Thames 9.

Switzerland 10. Greece 11. Portugal 12. English Channel 13. Wales 14. Athens 15. Sicily.

Page 11 Days: Tuesday, Wednesday, Saturday, Friday, Monday. Months: February, December, June, August, April. Holidays: Easter, Christmas, Boxing Day, New Year’s Day, Easter Monday, Thanksgiving. Special Events: Mother’s Day, Olympics, Halloween, Commonwealth Games, Good Friday. Historical Periods: Dark Ages, Roaring Forties, Reformation, World War II, Christian Era, Industrial Revolution, Space Age. Page 13 1. Bar, Smith’s Chips, Jeffrey, What, Sonic, Falling Down The Mountain, Wednesday, Pizza Hut, Hungary, South Pole. 2. Tim, Jeffrey, Susan. 3. Sonic the Hedgehog meets Godzilla the Horrible in Mountain of Doom, Falling Down the Mountain. 4. Hungary, South Pole. 5. Mars Bar, Smith’s Chips, Sega, Pizza Hut.

© ReadyEdPubl i cat i ons •f orr evi ew pur posesonl y•

m . u

w ww

Page 19 1. You need to be careful when watching a solar eclipse as even though the sun looks covered, looking straight at the sun can still damage your eyes.

2. Scientists overcome this difficulty by using a camera to photograph the eclipse.

3. Scientists want to view an eclipse so they can study it.

Page 24 Note: Almost any sentence can use an exclamation mark, depending on context. Opinions may vary in this exercise as to what constitutes a strong emotional statement requiring an exclamation mark. The following are statements which might use exclamation marks for emphasis. 1. Look out! 3. Don’t be so silly! 4. Leave it alone! 6. How terrible for you! 7. That’s wonderful! 9. Ouch! 11. What a great picture! 13. Oh dear, now it’s broken! 15. What a shame! 16. What a horrible mess! 17. How dare you take that! 20. That’s fantastic work!

. te

o c . che e r o t r s super

1. anger/disgust 2. dismay 3. surprise 4. joy/happiness/appreciation 5. sadness 6. anger.

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