TB: Where do analytics fit in? DE: That's all part of data science. Data science and AI, which is the big buzz word, are just applied statistics and applied data and applied computer science to data. 80% of what you need to know can be obtained through simple basic statistics. You can figure it out and do a lot with that. As you get more complex insight requirements, we start applying the more advanced techniques like neural networks, and deep learning approaches, where advanced analysis comes in. It's typically referred to as AI. Today it starts becoming interesting and useful because now you're doing all these insights and you're starting to automate a tremendous amount of decision making. TB: How does cybersecurity fit in? DE: Cybersecurity is very much different from Data Science. There's a lot of different types of cybersecurity, different mechanisms you can use. But they all try to do the same thing. In the computer networking world, and the database world, the operating system world, the application world, cybersecurity is all about providing confidentiality, integrity and authentication. The authentication includes authorization. You might be authenticated to do something or access an area, but not authorized to enter a particular room in the area.
In cybersecurity, while the mechanisms are very much the same across the spectrum, you have different algorithms and different protocols. You've got different objectives. Attacks are all pretty much well known. The NIST Framework (National Institute of Standards and Technology “Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity”) will tell you all kinds of attacks and defenses against the various attacks. In cybersecurity the human is the weakest link. Consider phishing emails. We do an ok job of identifying them, but they’re still arriving in the inbox. People still click on them causing malware to be downloaded into the whole security infrastructure. How do you apply the cybersecurity mechanisms and security framework? It's fundamentally flawed in most organizations in the way that operating systems and applications and networks were initially developed. Cybersecurity was in most cases a complete afterthought. TB: Why do you say that? DE: Think about how computer networks have evolved over time. Originally it was a big mainframe sitting in a huge building, the ENIAC, as an example, one of the first electronic digital computers. As we moved on to mainframes, it was okay because input and output required physical punch cards to feed and receive. That
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