FEATURE - 特征
OF DAO’S With the UK National Health Service on its knees and the US health sector inaccessible to a sizeable portion of the population, Lea Hogg discusses the emergence of DAOs in the health sector with Dr Jane Thomason, metaverse thought leader and author of ‘’Blockchain for Global Social Change and Applied Ethics in a Digital World.” DAOs govern many major DeFi applications, and several variants currently vie for recognition as the preferred model most likely to attract investors. Smart contracts lay the foundational rules, execute the agreed decisions, and at any point, proposals, voting, and even the code itself can be publicly audited. DAOs oversee the allocation of resources tied to projects they are associated with and ensure the continuing success of the project. Funds are generated through token issuance, where the protocol sells tokens to raise funds for the DAO treasury. Healthcare-centric DAOs are mainly at the formative stages, so success metrics are inconclusive, but their focus and potential for good are exciting and possibly game-changing. The belief is that DAOs will increase access for smaller research and manufacturing institutions and help break into the oftenmonopolistic big pharma space. For emerging health systems where health insurance is being scaled, there are obvious attractions in using a system with automated adjudication of claims, a reduced number of intermediaries and possibilities of reducing fraud. But none of these applications need a DAO, argues Dr Thomason. Jane Thomason thinks it’s ‘’too early to know how big a community DAOs can attract, the level of funds they can raise and whether the DAO structure actually benefits as she points out how it is “possible to use blockchain affordances and smart contracts without a DAO’’. There is also concern of risks when providing economic incentives such as governance tokens. This will encourage competitive and speculative behaviour leading to a centralized governance structure. Some predict that medical projects may become vulnerable to attacks because of excessive centralization and parties with a conflict of interest pushing through proposals that will be profitable
DAO 的崛起
由于英国国家医疗服务体系瘫痪，美国卫生部门无法覆盖相当大 一部分人口，Lea Hogg 与 Metaverse 思想领袖、 《全球区块链》一 书的作者 Jane Thomason 博士讨论了卫生部门中 DAO 的出现 数字世界中的社会变革和应用伦理。 ” DAO 管理着许多主要的 DeFi 应用，目前有几种变体正在争夺最有可能 吸引投资者的首选模式。智能合约奠定了基本规则，执行商定的决策， 并且在任何时候，提案、投票甚至代码本身都可以被公开审计。DAO 监 督与其相关项目相关的资源分配，并确保项目的持续成功。资金是通 过代币发行产生的，协议通过出售代币来为 DAO 金库筹集资金。 以医疗保健为中心的 DAO 主要处于形成阶段，因此成功指标尚无定 论，但它们的重点和良好潜力令人兴奋，并可能改变游戏规则。人们 相信，DAO 将增加小型研究和制造机构的准入，并有助于打入通常垄 断的大型制药领域。
对于正在扩大健康保险规模的新兴卫生系统来说，使用自动裁决索 赔、 减少中介机构数量以及减少欺诈的可能性的系统具有明显的吸引 力。但托马森博士认为，这些应用程序都不需要 DAO。 Jane Thomason 认为“现在了解 DAO 能够吸引多大规模的社区、 它 们能够筹集的资金水平以及 DAO 结构是否真正受益还为时过早”，她 指出“无需任何技术就可以使用区块链功能和智能合约”。道”。
提供治理代币等经济激励措施时也存在风险担忧。这将鼓励竞争和 投机行为，从而形成集中的治理结构。一些人预测，由于过度集中化 以及利益冲突各方推动对他们有利的提案，医疗项目可能会容易受到 攻击。托马森博士同意存在挑战，包括用户将代币视为收益，而不是 投票权。 她解释说，“协议最初是使用治理代币作为参与网络的用户的奖励。 ” 她补充说，这可能会鼓励竞争和投机行为，从而导致“由于代币慢慢积 累在少数人手中，因此形成中心化的治理结构”。
托马森博士还表达了对项目由于过度集中而容易受到攻击的其他担 忧。有利益冲突的各方可以推动提案。托马森博士说，黑客攻击是另 一个令人担忧的问题。“即使初始代码中存在安全漏洞，在多数投票 之前也无法进行纠正。在投票进行时，黑客可以利用代码中的错误”， 她警告说。 另一个问题是 DAO 的法律地位。如果清算 DAO 拥有的有形资产，谁应提 起诉讼？ 用户不完全了解他们投资的项目的治理以及他们所承担的风险 的情况并不罕见。托马森博士表示，如果不进行专业的风险评估，“由于 协议错误或恶意攻击而造成的资金损失将使用户的资金面临风险”。 ISSUE 12 - 115