ISSN 0 146-93 12

No . 39

SEA HISTORY

OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD SHIP TRUST

SEA HISTORY is publ ished quarterly by the National Maritime Historical Society , 132 Maple Street , Croton-on-Hudson , NY 10520. Application to mail at Second C lass rates is pending at Croton-on-Hudson , NY . POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Sea Hi story , 132 Maple St. , Croton , NY 10520 . COPYRIGHT © 1986 by the National Maritime Historical Society. Tel. 9 14 271 -2 177. MEMB ERS HIP is invited: Sponsor $ 1,000; Donor $500; Sustaining Patron $250 ; Patron $ 100; Contributor $50; Family $35 ; Regular $25 ; Student or Retired $ 12 .50 . All members outside the USA please add $5 for postage. OFFICERS & TRUSTEES are Cha irman_· James p_ McAllister; Vice Chairmen : James Ean , Barbara Johnson; President: Peter Stanford; Vice President.- Norma Stanford ; Secretary: Alan G . Choate; Treasurer: J . Kevin Lally; Trustees: Alan G . Choate , Ellen Fletcher, Peter Goldstein, Thomas Hale, Barbara Johnson , Karl Kortum , J . Kevin Lall y, Richardo Lopes, Robert J . Lowen, James P . McAlli ster, Conrad P. Nilsen, John H. Reilly , Jr. , Spencer Smith , Wolf Spille , Peter Stanford ; Chairman Em eritus: Karl Kortum ; President Emeritus : Alan D . Hutchison. OVERSEERS: Chairman: Townsend Hornor; Harris L. Kempner, Clifford D_ Mallory, Schuyler M . Meyer, Jr. , John G _ Rogers, John Stobart. ADVISORS: Chairman: Frank 0 . Braynard; Raymond Aker, George Bass , Francis E. Bowker, Oswald L. Brett, David Brink, George Campbell , Robert Carl , Frank G . G . Carr , William Main Doerflinger, Harry Dring, John Ewald, Joseph L. Farr, Timothy G . Foote , Richard Goold-Adams, Mel Hardin, Robert G . Herbert, R . C. Jefferson, Irving M . Johnson, John Kemble, Charles Lundgren, Conrad Milster, William G . Muller, George Nichols, Capt. David E. Perkins USCG (ret ), Richard Rath , Nancy Richardson , George Salley, Melbourne Smith , Ralph L. Snow , John Stobart, Albert Swanson, Shannon Wall, Robert A. Weinstein , Thomas Wells, AJCH . Charles Wittholz. American Ship Trust, Secretary: Eric J . Berryman . WORLD SHIP TRUST: Chairman.- Frank G _ G . Carr; Vice Presidents_· Sir Rex Hunt, Rt . Hon . Lord Lewin, Sir Peter Scott, Rt. Hon . Lord Shackleton; Hon _ Secretary.- J _ A_ Forsythe; Hon . Treasurer_· Richard Lee; Erik C . Abranson , Dr. Neil Cossons, Maldwin Drummond , Peter Stanford. Membership: £ 10 payable WST , c/o Hon. Sec. , 129a North Street, Burwell , Cambs . CBS OBB , England . Reg. Charity No. 27775 J _ SEA HISTORY STAFF: Editor: Peter Stanford ; Managing Editor: Norma Stanford ; Assistant Editor: Lincoln P . Paine; Assistant to the President: Barbara Ladd; Accounting : Alfred J . Schwab; Advertising_· Annette Stanton; Membership Secretary: Heidi Quas; Membership Assistant_· Patricia Anstett; Corresponding Secretary: Marie Lore.

SPRING 1986

CONTENTS 3 6 7 8 11 12 15 19 23 28 30 32 33 34 34 38 44

LETTERS EDITOR 'S LOG IN MEMORIAM: A. TIMOTHY POUCH , JR . NAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGY: THE REAL TREASURE, Peter Stanford MEDITERRANEAN ORIGINS , Lincoln P. Paine ARCHAEOLOGY-ALL AT SEA? Martin Dean THE MARY ROSE: THE FINAL TRIUMPH OF A SHIP THAT FAILED , Susan Dempsey Barnes FIRST LIGHT ON THE REEFS , Love Dean THE KEY WEST MARITIME HISTORICAL SOCIETY FOR THE FLORIDA KEYS , William P. Frank THE LAST DAYS OF THE CORIOLANUS , Fred T. Comee MARINE ART: HERB HEWITT, Philip Hurdle MARINE ART NEWS SAIL TRAINING: THE WESTERN UNION , by Mary Harper CONTROLLING RISK AT SEA , Peter Stanford ASTA NEWS , Report of the American Sail Training Ass' n. SHIP NOTES: A SUMMER OF SAIL IN NORTH AMERICA REVIEWS A ONE-TRIP COMMAND THAT LASTED SIX YEARS : PART II, Fred Klebingat

COVER: Divers recovering amphoras from the seventh-century wreck at Yassi Ada in southern Turkey. The efforts of archaeologists at the Insti tute of Nautical Archaeology at Texas A & M University exemplify the best achievements of this young and growing discipline. See pages 3 and 7 through 19 . Photo by Donald Frey.

The National Maritime Historical Society is saving America 's seafaring heritage. Join us. We bring to li fe Ame rica ' s seafa ring past th rough researc h, archaeo log ica l ex pedi tio ns and ship prese rvatio n effo rt s. We wo rk with mu seums , histo ri ans and sa il training groups and report on these acti viti es in our qu arterl y journa l Sea His1ory. We a re also the American arm of the Wo rld Ship Tru st, an int ernati onal gro up wo rk ing wo rldwide to help save ships of histo ric impo rtance .

Won' t you jo in us to keep a live our nati on's seafaring legacy? Membership in the Society costs only $25 a year. You' ll rece ive Sea His1oi-y, a fasc in ating magaz ine fi ll ed with arti cl es o f seafa rin g and hi stori ca l lore. You' ll also be eli gibl e fo r di sco unt s on boo ks , prints and oth er it ems. Help save our sea fa rin g herit age. Jo in th e Natio nal Maritime Hi storica l Soc iety today '

TO: National Maritime Historical Society, 132 Mapl e St. , Croton-on-Hudson. NY 10520

YES

I wan t to he lp . I understand that my co ntributi o n goes to fo rwa rd the wo rk o f the Soc iety ' a nd tha t 1·11 be ke pt info rmed by rece iving SEA HI STO R Y qua n e rly . Enc losed is:

0 $I,000 Sponsor0 $500 Donor0 $100Patron0 $50 Contributor0$35 Famil y0 $25Regular0 $12.50 Student/Retired NAM E

{please pri m )

ADDR ESS - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - ZI P Conlributions to NMH S art' lax deduclible.

NATIONAL MARITIME HISTORICAL SOCIETY

39