Review questions and figures
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Digestive system
I. General overview of the digestive system 1. State the four principal parts of the digestive tract. (p. 171) II. Mouth 2. State and explain the deciduous and permanent dental formulae. (p. 175) 3. Explain the innervation of the tongue. (p. 177) 4. State the topographic structures and spaces located lateral to the palatine tonsil. (p. 178) 5. List the 5 muscles of the soft palate and fauces and give their innervation. (p. 179) 6. List the three major salivary glands and describe the topography of their ducts. (p. 180–181) III. Pharynx 7. Describe the insertion of the pharynx on the skull. (p. 183) 8. List the three sinuses which communicate with the lumen of the pharynx. (p. 182) 9. List the constrictors and levators of the pharynx and their innervation. (p. 184)
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IV. Oesophagus 10. Explain the three main narrowings of the oesophagus. (p. 185) 11. Explain the term “oesophageal varices”. (p. 184) 12. Describe the relationship between the oesophagus and trachea, and the oesophagus and pericardium. (p. 185) 13. State the venous plexuses located the oesophagus. (p. 185)
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V. Stomach 14. State the organs, which are in contact with the posterior wall of the stomach. (p. 186) 15. List the 4 arteries, which form anastomotic arches on the curvatures of the stomach. (p. 187) 16. Explain the anatomical principle of the closure of the sphincters between the stomach and oesophagus and between the stomach and duodenum. (p. 184, p. 186) 17. Describe the arterial supply of the stomach. (p. 187) VI. Small intestine 18. List 4 structures located dorsal to the superior part of the duodenum. (p. 189) 19. Describe the topography and content of the root of the mesentery. (p. 188) 20. Define the principal morphological differences between the jejunum and ileum. (p. 190) 21. State the principal arteries that supply the duodenum. (p. 189)
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Describe the insertion of the pharynx on the cranial base
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Describe the syntopy of the anterior wall of the stomach 2.1 2 4.1
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Describe the histology of the digestive tract
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Describe the syntopy of the posterior wall of the stomach