International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management

Plant Systems: Submerged Aquatic Vegetation and Kelp

Suggested Citation: Altman, S., C. Cairns, P. Whitfield, J. Davis, M. Finkbeiner, and B. McFall. 2021. “Chapter 13: Plant Systems: Submerged Aquatic Vegetation and Kelp.” In International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management. Edited by T. S. Bridges, J. K. King, J. D. Simm, M. W. Beck, G. Collins, Q. Lodder, and R. K. Mohan. Vicksburg, MS: 636 U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. Full acknowledgments appear at the end of this chapter.

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International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management

Published on Sep 16, 2021

US Army Engineer Research and Development Center

International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management (NNBF Guidelines) is the product of a large-scale collaboration that included 5 years of working-level meetings and knowledge sharing involving key practice leaders from around the world. The project was initiated and led by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) as a part of its Engineering With Nature Initiative. USACE in the United States, the Rijkswaterstaat Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management in the Netherlands, and the Environment Agency in the United Kingdom were the three primary government institutions that organized and led the effort. Many other organizations also provided critical leadership and participation, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, World Bank, National Institute of Standards and Technology, The Nature Conservancy, and the World Wildlife Fund.

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