P&H Engineering – Q4 2023

QUARTER FOUR / 2023 THE MAGAZINE FOR THE CHARTERED INSTITUTE OF PLUMBING AND HEATING ENGINEERING

MIDDLE GROUND

MEET THE PRESIDENT

The role of hybrid heating

Alexander Wildish discusses his plans

TIME TO THINK HOW THE UK’S SLOWED DOWN APPROACH TO NET ZERO AFFECTS OUR INDUSTRY

WATER CRISIS How the Maldives is working for water security

W E L CO M E / CO N T E N T S WE’RE ONLINE! Visit pandhengineering.co.uk for regular updates and archived features

16

Welcome THE PM’S announcement about changes

to the UK’s net zero pledge has received mixed reviews from the plumbing and heating industry. While a “fairer” approach to achieving targets may have a positive impact on consumers’ finances in the short term, it has been suggested that low-carbon heating systems manufacturers will pay the price. The silver lining is that there is now more time to train both current and the next generation of installers to help reach these targets. Industry insiders discuss the impact of these changes. (p20) With the UK still set to transition towards decarbonisation, albeit at a slower pace, hybrid heating systems are likely to become a common solution to investing in a greener way of heating residential and commercial buildings. We look at the options that can reduce carbon emissions with little disruption. (p28) We also hear from CIPHE President, Alexander Wildish, who talks about his varied career and his ambitions for the industry during his year in office. (p34)

SAR AH WELSH Editor pandhengineering @jamespembrokemedia.co.uk

Editor Sarah Welsh Project manager Lizzie Hufton Design and production manager Christina Richmond Publisher James Houston Published by James Pembroke Media, 90 Walcot Street, Bath BA1 5BG Tel 01225 337777 Advertising sales executive Bevan Fawcett, bevan.fawcett@jamespembrokemedia.co.uk Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering (CIPHE) 64 Station Lane, Hornchurch, Essex RM12 6NB Tel 01708 472791

20

40

Contents FEATURES

16 Meet the member

20 Green policies round table

How John Griggs’ expertise has helped shape the plumbing and heating industry

The pros and cons of the PM’s changes to net zero

40 Education

28 Tackling the transition

Mike Maskrey discusses how education is the key to the industry evolving

How hybrid heating systems can help

34 CIPHE President

42 The Fix

An interview with Alexander Wildish

Assessing radiators for low-temperature heating, and preventing backflow

36 Project focus

47 Products

Wensleydale Creamery’s heat recovery system

The latest innovations

REGULARS

Introducing the CIPHE Academy

48 Your membership

5 From the CEO

52 International

Updates from Hong Kong and Shanghai

How the Maldives has achieved water security

6 Frontline Changes to net zero pledge, training opportunities and other industry news

Membership Founded in 1906, the Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering (CIPHE) is the professional body for the UK plumbing and heating industry. Membership is made up of consultants, specifiers, designers, public health engineers, lecturers, trainers, trainees and practitioners. The CIPHE has a membership of 7,500, including over 150 manufacturers and distributors. The majority of members live in the UK, although over 1,000 are residents in Hong Kong. The CIPHE is a member of the Construction Industry Council

Copyright notice and disclaimer P&H Engineering is published quarterly by the Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering.

All material is copyright of the Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering and may not be reproduced without written permission.

The publishers do not accept responsibility for errors or omissions. The views expressed in the magazine are not necessarily those of the Institute and publication of an advertisement or article does not necessarily mean the Institute endorses those products, materials or techniques.

54 Wellbeing The dangers of carbon monoxide

and a licensed member of the Engineering Council.

Subscriptions P&H Engineering is the magazine for the Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering, containing technical articles, latest industry news and environmental and educational updates.

It is published four times a year and sent free to members.

Annual subscription for non-member £80 Annual subscription for overseas non-member £100 To join CIPHE, email tims@ciphe.org.uk

F RO M T H E C I P H E C E O

“Hong Kong recognises the need to increase the skills of those in the industry” KEVIN WELLMAN Chief executive officer kevinw@ciphe.org.uk

BUILD YOUR SKILLS To enrol for our low-temperature heating course, scan this QR code:

• Enter your postcode • Select Renewables Sector • Select LCL Awards Level 3 Award in Low Temperature Heating and Hot Water Systems in Dwellings Members get the accompanying training guide at a discounted price and a voucher for a reduction in your next membership renewal. Call 01708 463 116 for more information.

PANDHENGINEERING.CO.UK

Recent visits to the CIPHE’s Hong Kong Branch, and then the World Plumbing Conference in Shanghai, have demonstrated different approaches to industry issues, says Kevin Wellman I RECENTLY RECEIVED A VERY warm welcome from representatives of the Hong Kong Branch during a visit to Asia.

Membership was discussed at great length and the Hong Kong team explained the changes made by the country’s government in July this year in which it is raising the bar in respect of qualifi cations required to become a Licensed Plumber.

A minimum level of QF4 (equating to our Level 4 qualifi cation) is required for all individuals. It is the government’s desire to raise the competency and professionalism of the plumbing industry.

The HK Water Supplies Department remains concerned about a number of issues including lead in water, leak management, rainwater harvesting and skills. Rather than ignoring the problems, they recognise the need to increase the skills of all those in the industry, which I think is commendable.

“It was refreshing to hear how different countries are tackling water and sanitation issues”

After my short stay in Hong Kong, I attended the World Plumbing Conference in Shanghai, which was supported by 500 delegates in person and 1,500 online registrations. The conference reinforced the fact that many countries experience similar problems and it was refreshing to hear how different countries are tackling water and sanitation issues locally. There were 25 speakers from nine countries sharing their expertise. The conference was an immense success and I congratulate all those involved in its coordination. I was grateful to be afforded the opportunity to present membership certifi cates to new members and an Industrial Associate from China.

World Plumbing Conference 2026 Following presentations from India and the UK, it was agreed that the 2026 World Plumbing Conference would be hosted in the UK, via a collaboration between CIPHE and InstallerSHOW. The theme is ‘Worldwide problems – Global solutions’ and will focus on three main pillars: skills, sustainability, and supply and conservation.

The conference is already attracting worldwide support from delegates and speakers. Make sure you make a note of the date: 23-25 June 2026 at the NEC in Birmingham.

Other meetings with colleges and universities reinforced the strong working relationship with the HK Branch in encouraging career pathways from student through to Chartered Engineer.

2023 | QUARTER FOUR | P&H ENGINEERING 5

F RO N T L I N E

FRONTLINE ALL THAT ’ S HAPPENING IN PLUMBING AND HE ATING

Prime Minister Rishi Sunak on getting to net zero

– those that will need expensive retrofitting or a very large electricity connection.

• Scrap policies to force landlords to upgrade the energy efficiency of their properties, but instead continue to encourage households to do so where they can.

• While the overall scheme budget remains unchanged, the amount individual households can claim as a Boiler Upgrade Grant has been increased by 50% to £7,500 to help households who want to replace their gas boilers with a low-carbon alternative like a heat pump.

• Move back the ban on the sale of new petrol and diesel cars by five years, so all sales of new cars from 2035 will be zero emission.

• Rule out future policy ideas such as car sharing, reducing meat consumption, additional taxes on flying or increases to household recycling measures.

S U S TA I N A B I L I T Y

PM pledges a “fairer” path to net zero Sunak announces revised plans to achieve goals while easing burdens on families THE PRIME MINISTER, Rishi Sunak, has announced a change in approach on a number of key carbon-reducing policies, arguing that the UK’s over-delivery on reducing emissions provides space to take a more pragmatic, proportionate, and realistic approach to reaching net zero, reducing costs on British families while still meeting international commitments.

With the UK share of global emissions below 1%, Sunak stated his belief that reaching the UK’s net zero targets does not have to come at the expense of British citizens.

Under revised plans, the Government will: • Delay the ban on installing oil and LPG boilers, and new coal heating, for off-gas-grid homes to 2035, instead of phasing them out from 2026.

• Set an exemption to the phase-out of fossil fuel boilers, including gas, in 2035, so that households who will most struggle to make the switch to heat pumps or other low-carbon alternatives won’t have to do so. This is expected to cover about a fifth of homes, including off-gas-grid homes

6 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

Sunak said: “This country is proud to be a world leader in reaching net zero by 2050. But we won’t achieve it unless we change. We’ll now have a more pragmatic, proportionate, and realistic approach that eases the burdens on families, all while doubling down on the new green industries of the future. In a democracy, that’s the only realistic path to net zero.

“We are going to change the way our politics works. We are going to make different decisions. We will not take the easy way out. There will be resistance, and we will meet it, because I am determined to change our country and build a better future for our children. Nothing less is acceptable.”

Read more about how the changes will impact the plumbing and heating industry, and points of view from some of those affected, in our round table debate on page 20.

CIPHE.ORG.UK

F RO N T L I N E

S U S TA I N A B I L I T Y

Businesses have a responsibility to train workers on health and safety issues

H E A LT H A N D S A F E T Y

A fifth of tradespeople injured breaking rules NEW RESEARCH FROM Direct Line business insurance reveals almost one in five (19%) tradespeople have been injured as a result of breaking health and safety rules on site. The scale of health and safety breaches is concerning, with 46% of tradespeople admitting they do not always take the required precautions when conducting work.

For many tradespeople, there is a lack of awareness of the relevant health and safety regulations, with 45% saying they are not fully aware of, or regularly updating themselves on, relevant legislation.

Two fifths (39%) of tradespeople say that there is not always an emphasis

on making sure junior colleagues or trainees know how to follow health and safety rules, dangerously combining a lack of experience with a lack of training. When asked whether they would pull up a colleague if they were not following a serious rule, just 60% said that they would step in.

Alison Traboulsi, product manager at Direct Line, said: “Health and safety training in some businesses is inadequate, with staff suffering injuries as a result. It is important to stress the importance of this training and not treat it as an optional part of the job – it is a core part of business’ responsibility to its employees.”

FINANCE

Loss of earnings Nearly 80% of people working in physical construction have suffered injuries. Those injured lost out on £5,262 of pay, with one in 10 of them losing out on more than £10,000, according to research by law firm, Slater and Gordon.

Despite this loss of income, only 30% of people ever make a claim and 53% didn’t think the injury was bad enough to warrant making a claim.

Other reasons for not pursuing a case included fear of losing their job (27%) and the

PANDHENGINEERING.CO.UK

legal process being “too much work” (21%).

A further 17% didn’t think they could afford employing a solicitor to take on their claim.

Nicholas Hagi Savva, senior associate at Slater and Gordon, said: “Often, those who have been injured while at work aren’t sure of their rights and what their next steps should be. We want to make sure everyone has access to the information they need to make informed decisions, and our toolbox of content will do exactly that.”

Slater and Gordon has created a toolbox of resources for people within the construction industry to access free of charge - scan the QR code or visit slatergordon.co.uk/ personal-injuryclaim/ accident-at-workcompensation/ construction-site/ safety-pledge

Kensa Utilities wins award Kensa Utilities’ project ‘Heat the Streets’ has won this year’s Lighthouse Heat Pump Award at the European Heat Pump Association’s 2023 Heat Pump Awards. This category highlights the creative problem-solving of unique heat pump projects.

The award shows how largescale, street-by-street rollout of Ground Source Heat Pumps can be achieved using an innovative Networked Heat Pump solution.

Wouter Thijssen, managing director of Kensa Utilities, said: “Heating and cooling is the biggest source of emissions across Europe, and heat pumps are naturally in pole position to help address this issue – especially for streets not quite dense enough for district heating, but too dense for individual heat pumps, our ‘Heat the Streets’ project shows a pathway to replicate the gas arrangements people living in these streets are familiar with.

“In the UK this accounts for around 50% of homes (terraced homes and flats), and a similar share is true for other European countries. What ‘Heat the Streets’ demonstrated by decarbonising residential heating in new and existing homes across Cornwall could be the blueprint for flats and terraced-like housing across Europe, and we’re pleased this is recognised through this award.”

2023 | QUARTER FOUR | P&H ENGINEERING 7

F RO N T L I N E

TRAINING

Daikin’s training facility reopens DAIKIN HAS REOPENED its state-of-the-art training academy in Birmingham, following a major redevelopment.

The Daikin Training Academy provides an opportunity for HVAC engineers and professionals in the area to receive comprehensive training on installation, commissioning, servicing and maintenance of a wide range of residential and commercial technologies.

Technical support teams are also located in the top floor of the Academy, dubbed the ‘Heating Hub’, where installers and homeowners can get help with every technical query or question they may have, from installation to operation.

Henk van den Berg, residential business manager at Daikin UK, said: “We are thrilled to reopen the Daikin Training Academy and believe it will help make Birmingham a hub for knowledge

in the growing renewables industry.

In addition, the Government’s decarbonisation fund has given Daikin a grant that allows us to offer a limited number of free training places.”

Daikin’s current installer offer is running until the end of March 2024. This provides free local heat pump training and £100 off easy MCS accreditation. In addition, new installers will also benefit from 40% off the first heat pump they purchase as well as commissioning support for their first three air source heat pump installations.

Running alongside this, MCS installers can also claim £250 for each heat pump that they install linked to the BUS scheme.

Installers can find out more about these offers on Daikin’s website. www.daikin.co.uk/en_gb/contact/ training.htm

S U S TA I N A B I L I T Y

Triton Showers certified carbon neutral Triton Showers has been awarded Carbon Neutral certification for the second year running, marking another important step on the company’s journey to becoming net zero by 2035.

David Tutton, managing director at Triton Showers, said: “It’s more important than ever for businesses to step up and take environmental responsibility. As Britain’s number one shower manufacturer we are committed to tackling carbon emissions, leading the industry by example.”

I N D U S T RY

Viessman launches installer app

Daikin’s new training academy in Birmingham

8 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

Viessmann has launched a new and improved version of its installer app. Named ‘Registration GB App’, it now offers installers the full functionality of the web-based Viessmann Installer Portal and is available on both Android and Apple platforms.

The new Registration GB App replaces the previous Registration UK App. Installers will need to download the new App, logging in with the Viessmann Account they use to access the Viessmann Installer Portal or the Partner Portal.

CIPHE.ORG.UK

F RO N T L I N E

TRAINING

First heat pump apprenticeship The UK’s first ever dedicated low-carbon heating apprenticeship, dedicated to developing the skills needed to design, install and commission low-carbon heating technologies, is set to be launched as the Government has confirmed funding for the scheme.

The Low-Carbon Heating Technician Apprenticeship will equip a new generation of workers to help reach the Government’s target of installing 600,000 heat pumps a year by 2028, as the nation shifts away from fossil fuel heating systems and onto renewables.

The new apprenticeship was developed by the standards body for renewables, MCS, in collaboration with the Institute for Apprenticeships and Technical Education (IfATE) and a trailblazer group of large-scale heat pump installers to meet that gap.

Earlier this year, the apprenticeship was hand-picked by industry experts from IfATE to mark King Charles III’s coronation in recognition of the important contribution it can make towards encouraging more people to take up careers in green industries. It is one of six green apprenticeships to carry the coronation emblem.

The apprenticeship has now been allocated a funding band of £22,000 by the Department for Education, meaning colleges will receive up to £22,000 for every apprentice they take on. Industry experts say this funding support will help ensure that colleges have the resources they need to take on apprentices from all backgrounds. The funding band is higher than that allocated for equivalent apprenticeships for fossil fuel heating systems.

I N D U S T RY

Brits delaying boiler servicing A SURVEY BY MyBuilder.com has found that 23% of UK homeowners are putting off vital jobs, such as boiler servicing. This is particularly concerning in light of the danger that skipping a boiler service can bring in addition to the fact that home insurance is often invalidated by neglecting standard home maintenance.

Boilers should be serviced annually, as not doing so can lead to many issues.

These new stats were backed up by MyBuilder’s own data, which shows that boiler servicing jobs have been down all year, ever since the cost-of-living crisis began. Boiler servicing requests have dropped 18% so far this year, compared to the same period in 2022.

The research found that homeowners aged over 55 were the most likely to delay getting maintenance work done, with 28% admitting they planned to postpone or skip getting works completed.

Homeowners under 34 years old were most likely to prioritise maintenance on their property, with just 20% planning on delaying work.

Jack Coles, a heating expert at MyBuilder.com, said: “We know things have been really tough this year for many Brits, but boiler servicing is one job that really shouldn’t be skipped. It can invalidate your insurance and warranty in the event of an issue, or, worse, can cause hazards in your home.

“We advise homeowners who do plan to service their boilers to book it in as soon as possible, to ensure they have working heating ahead of colder weather.”

CIPHE advises consumers on the importance of boiler servicing amongst its money saving advice at bit.ly/ ciphe-energy-bills

R E G U L AT I O N S

UWLA criticises government plan for new water label Unified Water Label Association (UWLA) MD Yvonne Orgill (left) says that the plan for a mandatory label, announced by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) at the end of September, is an unnecessary expense.

She said, “The decision by Defra will create confusion, as under its proposals there will be a UK-only label, creating extra administration and expense for many manufacturers that operate across Europe and the UK. “The cost of re-inventing the wheel by developing new technical criteria, testing products and setting up a new scheme, when this already exists via the Unified Water Label, is not only expensive for the industry, but a waste of public money.

10 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

“The Government is misguided in spending time and money developing a label when there is a recognised and existing scheme developed by the industry that they could utilise at much less cost and more effectively. The document also omits any mention of a campaign to influence consumer behaviour, which is essential for any scheme to succeed, and something that the UWLA has been addressing since the scheme’s inception.

“We are fully committed to helping the Government address the issue of water efficiency, but believe that it could work with and listen to industry more. We have responded directly to Defra and will be stepping up a campaign to lobby the Government for a reversal of this direction, with a view to adopting the existing Unified Water Label.”

CIPHE.ORG.UK

F RO N T L I N E

E D U C AT I O N

College opens green energy facility BASINGSTOKE COLLEGE OF Technology (BCoT)

has opened its new Green Energy Centre to boost green skills training for construction students.

Officially opened in Colleges Week, the newly completed centre will allow students and local businesses to become equipped with knowledge and skills in renewable technologies such as air source heat pumps, solar thermal, photovoltaic systems and rainwater reuse.

The facility was supported with a £150,000 investment boost from the Department for Education as part of the Strategic Development Fund (SDF) and includes equipment to demonstrate and teach how to install and maintain ‘green’ technologies.

Initially, students on the College’s Level 2 Construction Multi-skills qualification and construction short courses will have access to the Centre, before it is opened up to other students across BCoT, which is in north

Basingstoke College of Technology’s new Green Energy Centre

Hampshire, to increase awareness of climate change and how the built environment affects us all. Local employers will also be able to book space in the Centre to upskill their teams.

BCoT’s head of construction Steve Gilder said: “The ambition to reach net zero and to be more sustainable means the construction industry is an ever-changing landscape, with new technologies being regularly introduced.

It is therefore imperative that we equip our students with the skills, information

and confidence to meet the demands of the industry.

“The new Green Energy Centre will provide an informative introduction to all things ‘green’, retrofit and net zero within the construction sector and allow our students to work within a state-of-the-art environment in which they can learn and develop their skills.

“We also look forward to welcoming local employers to the centre, who want to train their staff in the skills necessary to meet net zero targets.”

I N D U S T RY

Baxi rewards installer loyalty Baxi has launched its highest ever cashback scheme to show its appreciation for the hard work and loyalty of installers across the UK. Until 8 January 2024, scheme members who install and register any of the new Baxi 600 and Baxi 800 ranges through Baxi Works are eligible for the cashback offer. For every three boilers installed and registered, installers will receive £300, capped at £900 total.

Rob Pearse, sales and specification director for residential sales at Baxi, said: “We are pleased to be able to bring back our cashback promo as a way of thanking our loyal network of installers. Baxi is always committed to the hard-working network of heating engineers in the UK. Whether it’s providing the best products, a full suite of training courses and expert support, or this latest cashback reward, we want to take every opportunity to show our gratitude.”

PANDHENGINEERING.CO.UK

2023 | QUARTER FOUR | P&H ENGINEERING 11

F RO N T L I N E

P U B L I C AWA R E N E S S

UK homeowners need clarity PROPERTY OWNERS AND tenants

in the UK are largely in the dark about future options for heating their homes. Many remain unconvinced about the Government’s focus in supporting them with the switch to more sustainable heat sources, according to a new survey by Wolseley.

The poll indicated an alarming lack of awareness of alternatives about gas and oil-fired boilers, and demonstrated a broad need for improved public clarity and understanding as the Government moves ahead with revised energy transition policies following its announcement on 20 September.

Responses from 1,000 homeowners and tenants across the UK found that: • 61% of respondents remain unconvinced about the Government’s efforts to decarbonise home heating, with only 6.3% totally convinced • Only 28% had heard of a heat pump – the primary alternative to gas boilers that the Government has been promoting • 29% believe that the cost of a heat pump remains inaccessible despite the Boiler Upgrade Scheme grant.

Of the people surveyed, 54% were renters and 42% owned their home. The survey found a crucial knowledge gap among households, suggesting that the Government needs to provide greater clarity and information: • Those questioned were mostly aware of gas and electric boilers, but only 16% were aware of alternative heating systems like biomass, hydrogen/hybrid and LPG boilers • Most respondents (52%) didn’t have a real understanding of the drawbacks or benefits of heat pumps as a home heating system, with only 12% claiming to have a clear understanding of both • Of the 28% of respondents aware of heat pumps, a third were unable to identify a single benefit of the system • 13% of respondents indicated that they did not know what their own home heating system was.

Simon Oakland, CEO, Wolseley Group said, “Homeowners are still waiting for the Government to clarify how the energy transition will be accomplished. We need more information on the options, an acknowledgement that no single technology will be the solution, better listening to homeowners and installers, and clear alignment of public funds and policy in the areas where it is needed most. Following the recent announcement by the Prime Minister there is even more of a policy vacuum to support reduction of carbon in the home.

Policy will need to address the very significant up-front costs to homeowners, and ideally acknowledge a role for hybrid heat pump systems that can offer carbon reductions at a lower cost to the homeowner in many cases.”

12 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

I N D U S T RY

Demand for tradeswomen rises According to My Local Toolbox research, the number of consumers searching for female tradespeople has significantly increased in the last few years. For example, searches on Google for ‘lady plumber near me’ was up 450%.

AWA R D

Uponor gets gold Uponor has been awarded the Gold Level by the EcoVadis Sustainability Rating, putting it among the top 6% of the 5,000 companies in the plastic products manufacturing sector evaluated by EcoVadis globally.

S U S TA I N A B I L I T Y

Kick the Carbon campaign Throughout the 2023/24 season, Grant UK and Bath Rugby will be delivering a Grassroots Community Sustainability Programme to primary schools.

They will host a combination of classroom and rugby-based activities at 10 schools in Swindon to raise awareness about sustainability and educate local schoolchildren about the different changes we can all make to be more environmentally friendly.

SHARE YOUR THOUGHTS Read all the latest news, updates, and member benefits Facebook/CIPHE twitter.com/CIPHE www.ciphe.org.uk

CIPHE.ORG.UK

MEET THE MEMBER | JOHN GRIGGS

(Right) Representing SuDS Approval Bodies

I often represent the UK at European Standards Committees” John Griggs’ vast experience and expertise has made him a vital part of the UK’s plumbing and heating industry

JOHN GRIGGS always wanted to work in the

automotive industry. He had a provisional place at British Leyland to do Production Engineering at Aston University, but unfortunately his A level results prevented him from securing his place.

“I visited a careers advisor who suggested I try the Building Research Station (BRS) that was only a few miles away,” recalls John. “I joined the Public Health Engineering Section at BRS (later to become the Building Research Establishment,

16 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

BRE) and started researching drainage systems, carrying out CCTV surveys.

Academic achievements Although he wasn’t terribly keen to undertake any more education, the training officer at BRS persuaded John to do a part-time, day-release physics course at the local college in Watford, where he passed all his exams and gained an ONC (Ordinary National Certificate) in Sciences.

Following this course, John attended Watford College where he achieved an HNC (Higher National Certificate) in Applied Physics, with distinctions. His section head at BRE was keen for him to learn fluid physics, so he joined the Applied Physics and Engineering Part-time Honours Degree Course at the local polytechnic in Hatfield.

“The stress of doing a day job, night-time learning and homework took its toll, so I was content to finish my education,” says John.

JOHN GRIGGS, IEng FCIPHE John’s extensive knowledge has rendered him a stalwart of the plumbing and heating industry and a leading authority in his field.

Working with the Government As technical advisors to the Government, John’s Public Health Engineering Section was required to provide technical reports as evidence to support Building Regulations and the various Approved Documents. These would either be direct from BRE or indirectly through British Standards.

CIPHE.ORG.UK

JOHN GRIGGS | MEET THE MEMBER

“We were starting to develop European Standards, so the work I was involved in was often being mirrored or complemented by work in other EU countries” “At that time, in the mid 1990s, we were starting to develop European Standards, so the work I was involved in was often being mirrored or complemented by work in other EU countries,” explains John. “There was no one on our team that had any knowledge of wastewater treatment.

Although we collaborated with a number of experts we had no ‘in-house’ expertise. So, I started a part-time MSc in Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering at Cranfield University.”

With all the industry contacts he had from working on the European Standards, John was able to design a full wastewater treatment system for one of the BRE directors that lived near to Cranfield. However, the director decided that his design was too expensive and he withdrew his property for John’s project site, leaving him unable to complete the course.

“A few years later I was selected for a short secondment in London at the Department of the Environment for a couple of weeks, assessing European Projects that had been funded by the Government,” says John. “While there I bumped into the CEO. He looked at me and said, ‘Are we

making the most of you, John?’ A couple of days later I was offered a secondment to the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI).”

The six-month secondment was extended to over three years and John was given a £3k annual budget for personal training, which enabled him to complete his MSc. Previously John’s thesis for his MSc had to be on a water or wastewater treatment system, but now the scope was much broader.

John developed a Water Trading Scheme and after eight years he completed the MSc in Water and Wastewater Treatment Technology.

Industry roles Over the years John has held 34 roles with the BRE, culminating in the position of Principal Consultant.

He represented the BRE and various government departments at British and European Standards Committees. He has also represented the UK at various international committees such as CIB W62 (water supply and drainage), CEN TC163 (sanitary appliances), and ISO 224 (water reuse for agriculture, stormwater drainage and water efficiency).

John has worked with the CIPHE on joint projects, such as guidance on vacuum drainage systems and the development of European Standards and water efficiency, and acted as a guest speaker at many CIPHE Annual Conferences.

During the DTI secondment, John’s work dealt with F-Gas Regulations, Carbon Emissions and the HSE, briefing ministers and being an advocate for the industry when working with DEFRA. He began working at the CIPHE in 2009 as Principle Technical Officer, running European Projects, on

Recording the promotional video for the launch of ‘Building Drainage: An integrated design guide’

PANDHENGINEERING.CO.UK

2023 | QUARTER FOUR | P&H ENGINEERING 17

MEET THE MEMBER | JOHN GRIGGS

In his role as a CIBSE trainer

Getting stuck into what he knows best...

Sarah’s own experience of running a business has proved invaluable

topics including; solar panels (Eagle), recyclable pipes (Greenflex) and integrated renewable heating systems (SmartHeat). When he left the CIPHE in 2014, John set up a consultancy business and worked with many clients, including a plastic pipe manufacturer, a vacuum drainage company, government departments, insurance companies, developers and off-site construction companies.

“Most of my work is forensic plumbing – looking at systems that have gone wrong and working out why,” explains John. “Where there are apparent product failures, discussions with manufacturers’ technical or research departments may be needed along with desk studies of the regulations and standards that were applicable at the times of specification and installation. Sometimes I have been required to attend court as an expert, but normally an out-of-court settlement is agreed.”

Sharing knowledge Currently, John works as a CIBSE trainer and lectures on above-ground building drainage, the fundamentals of drainage, and designing efficient hot and cold water supply systems. He also represents the CIPHE on British Standards Committees. So why has it been important for him to be a member of the CIPHE? “It has been established, in a number of forms, for well over 100 years,” explains John. “It has a time-earned reputation for providing support to advances and improvements in the plumbing and heating industry, both in the UK and worldwide. The members are recognised by their commitment to good practice and conscientious service. It has been at the forefront of training with new technologies and continues to look to the future for sustainable solutions to everyday situations.”

18 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

“Most of my work is forensic plumbing – looking at systems that have gone wrong and working out why” He has been awarded scholarships to participate in the development of an International Standard (ISO 30500) on non-sewered sanitation systems (NSSS) by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

“This has taken me to locations in Europe, Africa, Asia and South America as part of the ‘Toilet Reinvented’ project that was set up by the foundation to develop next-generation toilets that are sustainable, affordable and desirable for all people – not just those in developed counties,” explains John. “I often represent the UK at European Standards Committees and lead the delegations on topics that include AAVs, gullies, anti-flooding valves, above ground drainage and small wastewater treatment plants.”

John is the author of various BRE information papers and digests, some of which are in association with the CIPHE. He has also co-written a book on drainage design – Building Drainage, An integrated design guide – with Dr Kemi Adeyeye of Bath University. He joined the Sustainable Water Industry Group (SWIG) and became a judge and was given a SWIG Award in 2015 for work on water efficiency.

John is currently working with Paul Harmer, the CIPHE’s lead technical consultant, Adrian Flaherty (John’s CIBSE fellow lecturer on drainage topics) and other experts to update the heating and water system design pages of the CIPHE Engineering Guide.

GET IN TOUCH Would you like to share your story? Contact the editor on pandhengineering@ jamespembrokemedia.co.uk

CIPHE.ORG.UK

F E AT U R E | N E T ZER O P O L I C I E S

20 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

CIPHE.ORG.UK

N E T ZER O P O L I C I E S | F E AT U R E

LONG WAY ROUND

Members of the plumbing and heating engineering community discuss how the PM’s changes to the UK’s net zero pledge will impact the industry

T

he UK’s optimistic commitment to supporting the net zero agenda was reset by the prime minister, Rishi Sunak, in September in order to create what he described as a “fairer” path to achieving targets which will ease the financial burden on British families.

According to the PM, “the UK’s overdelivery on reducing emissions provides space to take a more pragmatic, proportionate and realistic approach to reaching net zero, while maintaining all our international commitments.”

It is intended that the revised plans will provide a credible, transparent path to net zero that maintains public consent. However, members of the plumbing and heating community have been left frustrated by the lack of government communication and what they perceive will be a negative impact on the industry.

Pumping the brakes The UK has set the most ambitious target to reduce carbon emissions by 68% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels – and is the only major economy to have set a target of 77% for 2035.

Having already cut emissions by 48% the UK has reduced emissions faster than any other G7 country. The UK has even surpassed the targets most countries have set for 2030, such as Australia, Canada, Japan and the US, and overdelivered on all its previous targets to date. However, the government’s independent advisers, the Climate Change Committee (CCC), have

PANDHENGINEERING.CO.UK

Many households in the UK will struggle to meet the requirements to switch to heat pumps or other low-carbon alternatives

called the UK’s efforts “worryingly slow”.

The progress made, according to the prime minister, means that some of the measures planned no longer need to be fulfilled. Under revised plans, the Government will: • Move back the ban on the sale of new petrol and diesel cars by five years, so all sales of new cars from 2035 will be zero emission.

• Delay the ban on installing oil and LPG boilers, and new coal heating, for off-gas-grid homes to 2035, instead of phasing them out from 2026.

• Set an exemption to the phase-out of fossil fuel boilers, including gas,

in 2035, so that households who will most struggle to make the switch to heat pumps or other low-carbon alternatives won’t have to do so.

• Raise the Boiler Upgrade Scheme grant (BUS) by 50% to £7,500 to help households who want to replace their gas boilers with a low-carbon alternative like a heat pump.

Clean Heat Market Mechanism (CHMM) unchanged Despite the oil and LPG ban being deferred until 2035, the CHMM is still going to go ahead. This will make it even harder to reach targets because

2023 | QUARTER FOUR | P&H ENGINEERING 21

F E AT U R E | N E T ZER O P O L I C I E S

“The CHMM does nothing to improve or stimulate demand”

it was hoped that many of the 60,000 oil and LPG boilers sold annually would convert to a heat pump. The Government’s CHMM will impose a target quota of heat pumps to be sold by boiler manufacturers from 2024.

The target is proposed to start at 4% of manufacturers’ boiler sales over a threshold of 20,000 boilers, so a boiler manufacturer selling 400,000 boilers annually will be targeted with a quota of 15,200 heat pumps in year one. This rises to 6% in year two and continues to rise until around 450,000 heat pumps are sold through this route in 2028. For every heat pump they are short of their target, they will be fined £5,000, or they can buy a credit from a heat pump manufacturer who doesn’t manufacture boilers. However, the cost of these credits is likely to be close to £5,000.

“The CHMM does nothing to improve or stimulate demand. It only addresses supply, which isn’t really an issue,” asserts Martyn Bridges, technical director at Worcester Bosch. “Therefore, it’s pretty certain that manufacturers’ targets will exceed the market size for heat pumps, so they will have to pay fines. The Government has almost capped the potential market at 30,000 pieces annually as that’s the maximum amount of grants that the Boiler Upgrade Scheme will pay. It’s unlikely that a consumer will still press ahead and get a heat pump installed if it costs £5,000 more without the grant.”

As a direct consequence, it is highly likely that manufacturers will mitigate the impact of the fines by increasing the cost of boilers. This will result in millions of households paying more for a boiler than they would have before the CHMM was introduced.

Delay on ban of fossil fuels In the new plans for net zero, the PM announced that there would be a

“Manufacturers’ targets will exceed the market size for heat pumps, so they will have to pay fines”

delay on the ban on installing oil and LPG boilers, and new coal heating, for off-gas grid homes to 2035, instead of phasing them out from 2026.

There is no detail attached to this delay and the Government expects around 20% of UK homes won’t be suitable for low-carbon products such as heat pumps. This means the heat pump market will shrink further.

“The recognition that there is no single solution to decarbonisation, no silver bullet, is a welcome sign

22 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

that the Government is listening to all sides of the energy debate,” says Darren McMahon, marketing director at Viessmann. “Electrification and heat pumps will be the major route to decarbonisation in the UK, but there needs to be alternatives for consumers in exceptional circumstances. As always, the devil is in the detail and whether this is 1% of homes or 20%, it will become clearer over the next few years. What is already clear is that the energy transition will only be achieved if no one is left behind; alternatives for consumers in hard-to-treat households or the fuel poor are required in the short-term, when balanced with sufficient incentives for the majority for whom the switch is practicable and affordable.”

BUS grant increase The proposed changes have also raised the BUS grant by 50% to £7,500 to

CIPHE.ORG.UK

F E AT U R E | N E T ZER O P O L I C I E S

The Government’s new plans slow down the phasing out of fossil fuel boilers

help households who want to replace their gas boilers with a lowcarbon alternative like a heat pump.

Although the BUS grant has been increased, the overall budget for the BUS has not increased from the £450m total or £150m per year.

When the funding was set at £5,000, 30,000 households per year could obtain a voucher, but with the increase to £7,500 this reduced to 20,000 per year.

“The £7,500 grant is still less than under the RHI (Renewable Heat Incentive), but is an improvement,” concedes McMahon. “What we need to see now is the Government increase the overall funding from £450 million and, most importantly, to reduce the spark gap by removing the levy on electricity prices driven by wholesale gas pricing. As long

YO U S AY…

FINANCIAL SUPPORT It’s great to see a more pragmatic approach to net zero. I personally will require around £25,000 of retrofit insulation to allow for a heat pump in my home. The government should consider offering low interest ‘green loans’ to allow for decarbonisation.

Stephen Glover MCIPHE, training and innovation consultant, South Eastern Regional College Firms like Viessman will have targets set to sell more heat pumps

as a heat pump costs more to run than a gas boiler, there will be insufficient consumer demand to meet the goal of 600,000 heat pumps per year in 2028. Until there is sufficient consumer demand, it looks increasingly likely that boiler manufacturers will be financially penalised for factors outside their control.”

24 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

BIGGER PICTURE I think that any kind of delay in banning fossil fuels is incredibly short-sighted. People need deadlines to force them to act. If a gas boiler is installed at the end of 2034, you could get 20 years out of that boiler, which means that it could still be burning fossil fuels well into the 2050s, over 30 years from now.

Daniel Bennett, MCIPHE

CIPHE.ORG.UK

F E AT U R E | N E T ZER O P O L I C I E S

Baxi has been working with the Government on the Heat Training Grant

T H E C I P H E S AY S …

Critical lack of skills While it is important that consumers have a choice, when it comes to decarbonising their homes, more needs to be done to educate the public with a clear message from the Government.

What the Government has also failed to address is the critical skills challenge that the industry is currently facing and how it can meet the increased demand that it is predicting.

“A concerted effort is now needed to support the wider adoption of heat pump technology, including greater clarity for industry from the Government upskilling the next generation of heating engineers,” says Russell Dean, residential product group director at Mitsubishi Electric.

The plumbing and heating industry needs to encourage installers on the journey towards a greater adoption of heat pumps, helping both them and their customers to become more comfortable with the low-carbon technology.

“We must encourage more talent into the industry to grow the number of installers required to reach the installation targets that remain in place,” says Jeff House, external affairs and policy director at Baxi.

“Baxi has been working with the Government on the Heat Training

Grant, which provides installers with £500 towards heat pump training. This is a great starting point for encouraging installers to add heat pump installation to their offering. Manufacturers must continue to work with government to create policy and incentives that continue to grow the number of heat pump installers in the UK.” Combined approach Low-carbon technology is ready and waiting to help reduce the UK’s carbon emissions and consumers are willing to adopt it at the right price. A less costly alternative would be to encourage lowcarbon hybrid heating systems.

“We believe the government has missed a trick by not including tacit support for hybrid heat pump systems as part of this announcement,” says House. “The technology offers a simpler route to heat pump integration for many types of homes and has been successful in European countries

“We must encourage more talent into the industry to grow the number of installers”

26 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

This feature has certainly identified key issues of particular importance to consumers. I am concerned that insufficient attention has been given to the skills shortage, which is fast becoming a skills crisis.

Also, many consumers are facing fuel poverty and, whichever technology they decide to invest in, it is vital that they are not penalised financially as a consequence of government policy.

I must reiterate that I support the aspirations towards net zero but we must have in place a strong infrastructure to deliver quality products by quality installers.

Kevin Wellman, CEO

through local incentive schemes. We need clear policy support to bring them into the mainstream as a strategic stepping stone towards the 600,000 annual market ambition and can work with government to make this a reality in the UK.” It’s vital that the government and manufacturers continue to work closely together to ensure there is a robust supply chain for all forms of low carbon heat as the UK moves towards the phase out of new fossil fuel boiler installations from 2035.

“We need a pragmatic and proportionate approach to net zero that doesn’t abandon targets, but better considers and supports the people that these targets affect,” says Griff Thomas, MD at renewables training provider, GTEC. “Hopefully this is what our government is now focused on.”

CIPHE.ORG.UK

CO U RS E

Future-proof your career and play your part in helping us reach net zero with this new course aimed at helping installers and engineers to design low temperature heating and hot water systems, to work with more sustainable heat sources

The UK’s commitment to reaching net zero carbon emissions by 2050 will be impossible to achieve without a significant contribution by the plumbing and heating industry.

That’s why the CIPHE has invested in delivering a qualification that will help engineers to recalculate how heating and hot water is delivered at lower temperatures.

Find out more about the course, as well as membership and CPD opportunities, at

www.ciphe.org.uk

The CIPHE’s Low Temperature Heating and Hot Water Design course covers the fundamental design principles of low temperature technologies and will help upskill those involved in the years ahead.

F E AT U R E | H Y B R I D H E AT I N G

A PERFECT COMBINATION? As the UK transitions towards decarbonisation, hybrid heating systems will play an important role in a greener future

A

lthough the prime minister has moved the goalposts for the UK to achieve net zero by 2050, the nation continues to move towards decarbonisation of the electricity grid using renewable technologies.

Air source heat pumps are likely to become more prevalent moving forward, but, considering global sustainability targets, utilising heat pumps alongside high efficiency condensing boilers is

the next logical step towards a net zero future, says Silviu Catana, specification manager at ELCO Heating Solutions: “Given the green benefits of decarbonised electricity, it makes environmental and economic sense to embrace air source heat pump (ASHP) technology. However, many commercial buildings, whether libraries, hospitals, offices or schools, have large heating (and hot water) peak loads that can

Six AEROTOP® air source heat pumps from ELCO Heating Solutions installed at an academy secondary school in Staffordshire

28 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

CIPHE.ORG.UK

H Y B R I D H E AT I N G | F E AT U R E

sometimes be challenging to meet. As a result, heat pumps alone may not suffice – especially in existing applications.”

Combined approach In the UK, the term hybrid heat pump system typically refers to a set-up where a fossil fuel boiler (gas or oil-fired) is combined with an air-to-water or ground source heat pump and controlled by a single common control system.

“They use a combination of gas, electricity and heat pump technology to provide the property with heating and hot water,” explains Hamid Salimi, product manager, residential, at Daikin. “Hybrids can be used for boiler replacements and are compatible with existing piping.”

According to ELCO, a heat pump with a good coefficient of performance (COP) that is connected to a low temperature heating circuit will always produce less carbon per useful kWh compared to a gas boiler. However, issues can arise when outside air temperatures fall and a building’s heating system requires a higher output – coupled with a reduction in heat energy available from the ambient air, which impacts the COP. “Fortunately, these issues are easily overcome by employing a bivalent approach – often referred to as a hybrid system,” explains Catana. “This sees an ASHP used in conjunction with a gas condensing boiler (or multiple boilers), with the latter ‘topping up’ the system to ensure the entire heating load is met, whatever the temperature may be outdoors. In this set-up, the ASHP is sized to meet the majority of a building’s required energy, with any additional boilers switching on when a low threshold arises. Put practically, the bivalent switching point is set at the design stage, with the boilers firing up when an outdoor sensor connected to a Building Management System (BMS) detects the pre-set temperature.”

“Hybrids can be used for boiler replacements and are compatible with existing piping”

PANDHENGINEERING.CO.UK

Schematic of a hot water circulation system

Hybrid systems can provide a good solution for commercial or very large domestic buildings with complex considerations that make them unsuitable for a regular heat pump, such as high heat demands or unusually high hot water loads.

Compatibility Hybrid heating systems are a great way of reducing carbon emissions by up to 80%, without disrupting the building and its heating system, whereas with a full heat pump system, pipework and radiators will need to be changed.

“A hybrid can inherit the existing system without any great modifications,” says Martyn Bridges, technical director at Worcester Bosch. “As a result, they are particularly useful in homes where the insulation isn’t optimal and it is difficult to improve or in circumstances where the disruption caused by a heat pump installation is simply too much for the householder.”

These systems offer homeowners a more familiar transition to carbon neutrality than a standard boiler replacement, with the environmental and financial benefits of a heat pump.

“Hybrid heating systems can effectively act as a bridge between traditional fossil fuel boilers and heat pump-only

Selling points for customers to opt for a hybrid solution: • Lower upfront purchase and installation costs compared to heat pump-only alternatives • Ease of sizing and installation • Compatibility with existing central heating and plumbing systems, reducing the disruption of installation • Reliability and familiarity of gas-fired heating when external temperatures are extremely low • Only four years payback with over £800 running cost saving per annum1 • Use up to 69% less gas and over 1,200 Kg carbon saving per year2 • Invest in the home and future-proof against gas price increases.

1

Based on 2-3 bed home with a ~6kw heat loss and replacing current G rated boiler @65% efficiency vs £2,500 install cost.

Based on 4-5 bedroom home with a ~12kw heat loss and replacing current G rated boiler @65% efficiency vs £2,500 Boiler installation cost

2

Sources: Wolseley; Daikin

2023 | QUARTER FOUR | P&H ENGINEERING 29

F E AT U R E | H Y B R I D H E AT I N G

The outdoor unit for a Daikin Altherma hybrid heat pump

systems,” says Nick Coad, director of innovation at Wolseley. “They provide a middle-ground solution, combining the advantages of both technologies and allowing homeowners to reduce their reliance on gas while maintaining a backup heating option.”

Design considerations When it comes to installing a hybrid heating system, great care needs to be taken during the design process to ensure that it will operate effectively.

For example, boilers will only function

The compact indoor unit for a Daikin Altherma hybrid heat pump

as required if they feature weather compensation technology as this will ensure the required flow temperature drop as it gets warmer outside.

“Importantly, each of the system’s two distinct heat sources must avoid high return temperatures in the weather compensated circuits – otherwise the heat pump runs the risk of being bypassed, which would result in the boiler having to take on the entire heating load,” points out Catana.

“One example of an effective bivalent system would be designing a heat pump to carry the entire (100%) heating load for mild conditions above 4°C. Doing so creates maximum efficiencies for over six months of the year, ensuring an excellent seasonal performance factor (SPF) – even when flow temperatures reach 50°C. Subsequently, should temperatures drop between -2°C and 4°C, bivalent operation can be deployed, with the system using both the heat pump and boiler together; doing so allows a heat pump to deliver the same COP, provided its flow temperature is also reduced. Lastly, in the event of temperatures dropping under -2°C

30 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

Supporting installers Daikin is offering a complete package to help installers move into the renewables market, including: • Full training and installation support on hybrid heat pumps • Sales to consumer support – why invest in a hybrid heat pump?

• Promotion of HES government support scheme for Scottish customers1 1

HES grant funding for new heat pumps is up to £7,500 or £9,000 if the household qualifies for the rural uplift. The HES grant excludes the cost and installation of the boiler and will need a hot water tank with the Hybrid monobloc system added.

(causing a significant fall in COP), a condensing boiler can still provide the entire heating energy, thereby optimising system efficiency,” adds Catana.

Designing a hybrid system can be complex, so to make the task easier it’s a good idea for installers to incorporate

CIPHE.ORG.UK

F E AT U R E | H Y B R I D H E AT I N G

products from the same manufacturer, as the technologies used will share the same digital protocols, enabling them to successfully communicate with each other as part of a complete system. This also provides consultants with a single point of contact, capable of advising on how best to utilise the different products to meet the design requirements of a specific application, whether it is in a school, public office or historic building.

“Indeed, consultants will need manufacturers to supply the COPs for their products across a range of ambient

Running costs The expected running costs of a hybrid system will depend on its design and configuration. Before installation, installers working under MCS rules must provide customers with estimated running costs for the designed system, as well as assumptions of heat pump and boiler efficiency and fuel prices that are used in the calculation.

Ben Whittle, senior consultant low carbon at Energy Saving Trust

temperatures and load conditions in order to obtain an accurate SPF – i.e. the average efficiency of an ASHP,” adds Catana. “This data provides essential information on the performance of the unit supplying heating energy to a system throughout a season or for a specific period, where the parameters required in the system vary based on factors such as external temperature, a building’s fabric and/or thermal inertia. Having this data available from the manufacturer ensures an effective approach to calculating the heating energy produced – and consumed – by the heat pump in all conditions during the allocated time.”

Installers should follow manufacturers’ advice regarding the best control strategies for individual projects – switch mode, which is dictated by flow temperature, or partially parallel mode, which is determined by the return temperature and sees the heat pump contributing a greater reduction in overall system energy.

“For a hybrid heating system to achieve low carbon emissions, it’s important that the control system is operated on a heat pump first approach, ensuring the heat pump is called upon first of all,” says

YO U S AY…

COST CONSIDERATIONS Ordinary people will keep to gas boilers for as long as possible unless the systems are competitively priced and workable. Cost for people will ultimately decide, not if it’s good or bad for the environment.

Simon Battle, MCIPHE MAKE IT EASY Manufacturers must ensure ease of installation, related to controls and integration. The client obviously should not have to change the boiler to allow for integration.

Stephen Glover, MCIPHE

Bridges. “Generally speaking, around 80% of the time this will be sufficient to heat the home to the desired levels, however, in extremely cold conditions, the boiler will then be called upon to support the heat pump.”

By incorporating a combination of heat sources in buildings, installers can help the UK move closer to its net zero targets within minimal disruption.

A hybrid heating system from Worcester Bosch

32 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

CIPHE.ORG.UK

I N T E RV I E W | A L E X W I L D I S H

Championing change Alexander Wildish, National President of the CIPHE, discusses his role in the plumbing and heating industry and what he hopes to achieve while he holds office 34 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

T

he CIPHE’s President, Alexander Wildish MEng CEng MIMechE FCIPHE, has been a member of the CIPHE for five years and is also chair of the disciplinary committee.

He currently works within the field of engineering forensics.

Starting out Alex’s interest in engineering was piqued at a young age by his father’s career as a British Gas engineer. As a child he spent hours building model trains and planes, fascinated by their intricate inner workings.

He studied A Level maths, physics and computing, which enabled him to read

CIPHE.ORG.UK

A L E X W I L D I S H | I N T E RV I E W

“I hope to help change the public’s perception of green energy sources like air source heat pumps because they are so much better for the environment than gas” He worked on many cases including one of attempted murder.

“Working for the police was nothing like The Sweeney, which was disappointing,” jokes Alex. “After a couple of years working on the force, I left to work for Burgoynes, a private company that carried out forensic engineering investigations, which would combine the skills I had learned in my previous positions at the MOD and Police.

Working here was a steep learning curve and hard at the time but on reflection the experience was immensely beneficial.”

Mechanical Engineering with Building Services at Brunel University in 2000, where he gained his Master’s Degree in Mechanical Engineering.

During his time studying for his Master’s Degree, Alex received a scholarship at the Ministry of Defence, where he worked on mechanical failures on aeroplanes and submarines during the holidays for eight years.

Living the dream As a keen fan of the TV show The Sweeney, Alex decided to join the police force in 2008 and worked his way up to become a detective.

PANDHENGINEERING.CO.UK

Going it alone Following a personal tragedy, Alex re-evaluated his life and decided to start his own company in 2015 called Engineering Forensics. His company specialises in investigating instances of escapes of water, mechanical failure, fire and explosions, and personal injuries.

His company provides expert advice to solicitors, loss adjusters, insurers and private clients.

“Like all successful businesses, I started out of my garage,” laughs Alex.

“A few clients followed me and it just grew from there. Now we take on around 300 cases a year.”

One of the most memorable investigations that Alex’s company has worked on was a newly built house that had been connected to the pumping sewer main instead of the water mains.

“The people working on the house had been unwittingly drinking raw sewage and using it to build the house,” recalls Alex. “They were repeatedly unwell during the build, which alerted them to the mistake.”

The house builders were concerned about the structural integrity of the

building because they had used sewage instead of fresh water for the concrete and cement. Consequently, they decided to sue the water company for compensation as they believed the house would have to be rebuilt.

“The water company instructed us to carry out an investigation to ascertain whether the use of sewage would have a detrimental effect on the building,” explains Alex. “My father and I carried out experiments using raw sewage to create concrete, which was then sent to a laboratory to be tested. The conclusion was that, in fact, the ammonia in the sewage actually made the concrete stronger and any pathogens would not survive inside the concrete, making it perfectly safe.

However, the water company had to compensate the people for exposing them to sewage.”

Supporting the industry Alex joined the CIPHE because he wanted to give back to the plumbing and heating community. As President of the CIPHE, Alex hopes to boost the profile of low-carbon heating solutions, such as heat pumps, champion careers within the industry to young people, and lobby for installer registration.

“I hope to help change the public’s perception of green energy sources like air source heat pumps because they are so much better for the environment than gas,” explains Alex. “We are hooked on gas, but as we transition to electrification the cost of these heat sources will come down.

“I’ll visit schools to talk about careers within the industry and speak to the Government about licenses for plumbing and heating engineers. Installers working on gas boilers need to be Gas Safe registered, but installers can work on kitchens and should be complying with water regulations, but this is not policed.

This can prove problematic when working with heat pumps and traditional hot water cylinders, for example, as there is more potential for bacteria growth such as Legionella,” he adds.

“There needs to be more training to raise awareness of potential problems, as well as government intervention to find a solution that recognises qualifications.”

2023 | QUARTER FOUR | P&H ENGINEERING 35

P RO J E C T F O C U S | W EN S L E Y DA L E C R E A M ERY

A green approach is key at the Wensleydale Creamery’s location

Fair exchange Wensleydale Creamery’s new visitors’ centre features a sustainable heat recovery system to fulfil its hot water needs

W

ensleydale Creamery, situated in the heart of the Yorkshire Dales National Park, is surrounded by drystone walls and rolling pastures where cows graze on lush grass. This idyllic setting is where the world-famous Wensleydale Cheese is made and its visitor centre has become the home of the UK’s flagship cheese experiences.

Green approach Respecting the environment and appreciating the people and heritage that surrounds Wensleydale Creamery is extremely important.

The best milk used for making cheese is sourced from a group of dedicated local farmers whose skill, hard work and passion is reflected in the quality of the milk they produce.

36 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

They’re all Red Tractor Farm Assured too, guaranteeing the high standards that they work to. Many of the farmers have been herding cows for generations.

They’re often from family businesses with herds roughly half the size of the national average. By supporting a strong, sustainable future for them and their families, Wensleydale Creamery is protecting a unique local farming culture in its community.

Given its breathtaking surroundings in the national park, the creamery recognises the love for this beautiful area and the importance of protecting the environment. Through the installation of whey-processing equipment, the business supplies whey permeate, a by-product of the

CIPHE.ORG.UK

W EN S L E Y DA L E C R E A M ERY | P RO J E C T F O C U S

Crunching the numbers

The creamery is situated in prime farmland in the Yorkshire Dales National Park

500 litre tank

36kW capacity integral heat exchangers

50°C

pre-heated water

720 litres hot water produced per hour

90°C

refrigerant discharge

100% energy recovered from the refrigeration plant

60,000kW energy saved per annum

cheese-making process to be converted into green energy to supply local homes, which also reduces its water consumption by 50%.

The creamery is constructed from high-performance insulation to reduce energy consumption. It has a calcareous green roof, which makes a positive contribution to local biodiversity, in addition to improved insulation, reduced heat loss in winter and heat gains in summer. It also reduces noise from heavy rainfall and rain water run-off.

Through the sourcing of local milk, being a major provider of rural jobs, and operating one of the top tourist destinations in the Yorkshire Dales, Wensleydale Creamery is truly a community-based business,

PANDHENGINEERING.CO.UK

The visitor centre with interactive experiences

contributing significantly to the local, deeply rural, economy.

Sustainable solution Wensleydale Creamery’s visitor centre offers guests an interactive experience that takes them through the steps of cheese making – an art with a thousand-year history in the Dales.

Visitors can watch Yorkshire Wensleydale cheese being crafted from a viewing gallery as experienced and knowledgeable experts craft the cheese by hand, in addition to making butter.

Food manufacturers demand a constant flow of hot water during

production and clean-down. As a company that focuses on the environment, the creamery opted for a sustainable solution when choosing a hot water heating system for the new visitor centre.

A Heat Hog from DK Heat Recovery was installed that captures the waste heat from the centre’s refrigeration units to heat all the water for free. Hot water production using a heat recovery system is usually uniform so, to accommodate peaks, a greater storage capacity is required.

“A 500-litre tank with integral heat exchangers and a 36kW capacity was

2023 | QUARTER FOUR | P&H ENGINEERING 37

P RO J E C T F O C U S | W EN S L E Y DA L E C R E A M ERY Circulating pump

Refrigerant IN

Drinking water OUT

750ltr.

Energy storage tank

System pump

Refrigerant OUT Accessories: • expansion vessel 80l • quick clutch SU • safety valve: ¾-inch / 3 bar • pressure gauge: 0-4 bar

Drinking water IN

Water safety valve

fitted up-stream of the boiler to provide the unchanged heating system with pre-heated water at 50°C,” explains David Haughton, engineering manager at DK Heat Recovery. “This means that either the existing boiler will have nothing to do, or it will operate at a lighter load. Keeping the original boiler in place will reduce installation costs and provide a backup should the refrigeration system be switched off for any reason.”

A 36kW system with a 500-litre storage tank can produce 720 litres of hot water at 50°C every hour to cope with the continuous water demand and 500 litres of water ready to cope with the peak demands.

“The system is simplicity itself – maintenance free, having no moving parts, and is highly efficient due to the innovative design of the heat exchangers that can remove up to 100% of the energy produced by the refrigeration plant,” explains Haughton.

“Wensleydale Creamery’s visitor centre can not only boast its commitment to carbon reduction, it also enjoys a supply of free hot water for life.”

Cool system As contradictory as it may seem, refrigeration systems are one of the

most efficient forms of heating – just look at heat pumps. However, most businesses that use refrigeration equipment are only concerned with the cooling aspect of the system.

“A refrigeration system with an energy consumption of 1kW will dissipate 4kW of unwanted waste heat to atmosphere,” explains Haughton. “This waste heat is from a combination of sources including the heat being extracted from the product being cooled and the refrigeration compressor itself. The typical temperature of the refrigerant discharge gas (the heat source) is around 90°C, which is very hot considering that showers are normally set at 38°C.” Placing a heat exchanger between the compressor and the point of the traditional waste heat elimination point enables it to recover much of the heat previously lost.

“If we go back to the 4kW of unwanted heat for a moment and consider this figure in terms of hot water production using this valuable free energy source – we can now view this as the ability to produce 80 litres of hot water per hour,” says Haughton. “The effect of installing a heat exchanger will be instantly noticeable in terms of hot

38 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

Using energy from the refrigeration system to provide free hot water

water boiler fuel consumption and CO2 reductions.”

Serious savings The visitor centre provides an educational environment for children to learn about energy conservation and sustainability, so the capital cost was funded using a grant from the Yorkshire Dales Millennium Trust and the Yorkshire Dales National Parks Authority, which helped.

“The saving in energy used just for providing hot water for visitors and centre staff equates to over 60,000 kilowatts per annum, saving approximately £4,500 per year,” Haughton reveals. “The payback period when it was fitted with the then much lower energy prices was an incredible 1.7 years. Providing free hot water for the life of the visitor centre was the goal, but from an environmental perspective the installation reduces the carbon footprint of the site by 16 tonnes of CO2 a year with further reductions due to the reduced number of oil delivery vehicles visiting.”

FIND OUT MORE dkheatrecovery.co.uk; wensleydale.co.uk

CIPHE.ORG.UK

TO ADVERTISE HERE contact Bevan Fawcett on 0203 198 3092 or email

bevan.fawcett@jamespembrokemedia.co.uk

EDUCATION

VIEWS , NEWS AND DE VELOPMENT S AFFEC TING NEW RECRUIT S TO OUR INDUS TRY

APPRENTICESHIPS

Filling the gap Through education, the CIPHE can help the plumbing and heating industry build greater knowledge and skills to achieve net zero. Mike Maskrey, training manager for the CIPHE, explains

H

ere at the CIPHE, education plays a key role, whether it’s supporting apprentices as they take their first steps into the world of hot and cold water supplies, sanitation and heating, or refreshing the memory of the experienced plumber or heating engineer (after all, we can’t be expected to remember everything!).

The plumbing and heating profession is ever moving, changing and evolving, and

new challenges arise, it seems, almost at will.

Evolving sector The latest challenge we face in the domestic heating sector is low-temperature heating and hot water systems. Things are moving swiftly and those engineers who don’t embrace these wonderful, low-carbon technology heating systems risk being left behind.

Of course, boilers still have an important role to

40 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

play in the heating of homes, especially in the replacement boiler market where they continue to be the best seller, but these are changing times.

The sales of alternative heat sources to fossil-fueled boilers will continue to grow and, maybe one day, they will join steam heating and cast-iron heat exchangers in the vast UK heating museum.

So, what is the difference?

How will the transition from the old to the new affect

us? The difference is in the temperatures. Existing systems are used to working at 80°C flow/60°C return. The customer judged how well the heating system was working by the temperature of the heat emitter – the hotter the better. With temperatures close to 70°C/80°C, intermittent heating meant that the heating only ran when it was needed, usually in the morning and in the evening.

Low-temperature systems, however, will hardly ever run at temperatures much above 50°C and often less than that if underfloor heating is installed.

The radiators no longer need

CIPHE.ORG.UK

E D U C AT I O N

Mike Maskrey, CIPHE’s training manager

to bounce off the wall with the heat. And with efficient weather compensation, 24/7 running becomes viable and economical. And the benefits to the environment in terms of preventing climate change are immeasurable.

Coping with change How can we lessen the impact on the profession and on the many businesses that

Apprentices may find it easier to learn about low-carbon heating than experienced engineers

PANDHENGINEERING.CO.UK

have relied, and continue to rely, on the installation of gas, oil and solid fuelled appliances as a vital part of their business income? By turning to education to fill the gap in our knowledge as we have always done.

In many respects, the apprentice has it easy. They will be taught about lowcarbon, low-temperature heating systems right from the start. Their education won’t be tainted by differing and conflicting temperatures.

They will learn 55°C and less right from the get-go. But the more seasoned plumber might need a little help. That’s where the Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering comes in.

Here at the CIPHE, in cooperation with LCL awards, a ‘Low Temperature Heating and Hot Water Systems in Dwellings’ qualification has been

developed that is specifically aimed at the experienced engineer. By completing this comprehensive two-day, Level 3 course, the plumber/heating engineer can learn how to design low-temperature heating systems for both the new build and heating replacement markets. Add to this, the soon-to-bereleased new section of the CIPHE Plumbing Engineering Services Design Guide which will deal with heating and low temperature heating systems, and you have the complete package in low-temperature heating design and installation.

Coming soon The CIPHE is looking at our Plumbing Engineering Services Design Guide in a new light. It has always been at the forefront of plumbing and heating design. Many colleges up and down the UK have this book in their

“In many respects, the apprentice has it easy. They will be taught about low-carbon, low-temperature heating systems from the start” inventory, and many a building service engineer has thumbed its pages for that vital piece of information, a constant source of facts and figures at their fingertips. Now, for the first time since 2002, it is being updated and hopes to reach engineers at all stages in their career from Level 3 and HNC/D to Foundation Degree, Level 7 and beyond. With the first update coming at the beginning of 2024, it really is a case of watch this space.

In the near future, lowtemperature heating will become standard

2023 | QUARTER FOUR | P&H ENGINEERING 41

THE FIX

R ADIATORS AND LOW-TEMPER ATURE HE ATING

Assessing existing radiators for low temperatures in retrofit applications PA U L H A R M E R CEng MIET, CIPHE Lead technical consultant Paul is a chartered engineer who has consulted and led on many high-profile plumbing and heating industry projects paulh@ciphe.org.uk

Paul Harmer describes how to deal with the common issue of using older radiators with new, low-temperature heat sources

A

s we enter our second year since the launch of the ‘Low Temperature Heating and Hot Water Systems in Dwellings‘ qualification, we have witnessed a notable increase in the interest of installers looking to specialise in low-temperature heating systems, particularly heat pumps. The Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering (CIPHE) has been hard at work updating the Plumbing Engineering Services Design Guide, introducing a substantial new section dedicated to heating. This new section comprises over 300 pages of content, featuring 70 illustrations and more than 60 calculations. The CIPHE firmly believes that this comprehensive resource is crucial for the professional growth of installers in this field.

42 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

Challenges in retrofitting low-temperature heat pump systems Retrofitting low-temperature heat pump systems presents unique challenges, one of which is the need to not only understand the heat loss of each room but also evaluate the performance of existing radiators to assess their suitability for lower-temperature applications. It is common to find oversized radiators during installation, but with some knowledge and effective system balancing, it is often possible to optimise the existing heating system.

Step 1: Calculating room heat loss The first crucial step in optimising low-temperature heat pump installations is to calculate the heat loss for each room. This information serves as the

CIPHE.ORG.UK

R E T R O F I T T I N G LO W-T E M P ER AT U R E H E AT I N G | T H E F I X

“The resources and guidance provided by organisations like the CIPHE play a pivotal role in equipping professionals with the knowledge and skills required to excel in this increasingly important field” foundation for making informed decisions regarding radiator selection and system adjustments.

Step 2: Determining existing radiator output Understanding the actual rated output of radiators is vital. Radiators typically fall into three main types: K1, K2, and P+.

These categories share similar output characteristics among various manufacturers. However, older legacy radiators can be more challenging to identify. The CIPHE's “supplementary radiator guide” is a valuable resource that presents various radiator factors in Watts per square meter (W/m2). By measuring the radiator's surface area or the number of columns and multiplying the appropriate factor from the guide, one can estimate the rated output at a delta T of 50 (DT50). The radiator DT50 is the published output from manufacturers which is the (radiator mean water temperature – the room temperature)^1.3. Each manufacturer radiator will have a variety of n exponents, however for simplicity we will use 1.3.

Step 3: Calculating the required flow rate To determine the required flow rate to the radiator based on the room heat loss, you can use the formula: (Room heat loss (kW) / (DT * 4.19) = flow rate (l/s) For instance, with a DT of 5 and a room heat loss of 1kW (1,000 Watts), the required flow rate would be 0.047 l/s.

Step 4: Calculating the radiator's new mean water temperature (MWT) Selecting the appropriate flow temperature and system DT is crucial when designing a heating system, with DT of 5 being common for heat pumps. For instance,

PANDHENGINEERING.CO.UK

consider an existing retrofit installation with a heat loss of 1,000W and an existing radiator rated at 3,500 Watts at DT50. To determine the radiator's output at a lower mean water temperature (MWT), a new flow temperature and DT must be chosen.

A common choice might be a flow temperature of 45°C and a DT of 5°C. The radiator's MWT is calculated as 45 - (5/2) = 42.5. Therefore, with a room temperature of 20°C, the new radiator MWT - Air = (42.5 - 20) = 22.5.

As you can see, the new radiator would still deliver an additional output of 189.44 Watts above the required heat loss, which would require some form of TRV to regulate the radiator from overheating the room.

If the radiator was to be installed into an open circuit heat pump system (without TRVs), then the radiator MWT would need to be matched exactly to the room heat loss. To enable you to calculate the required radiator MWT to achieve a 1,000 Watts output you would calculate as follows: Calculate new radiator factor = (heat loss / (existing radiator output * F2 * F3 * F4) (1,000 / (3,500 * 0.96 * 1 * 1) = 0.297

Step 5: Calculating the output of the radiator at the new MWT The next step is to calculate the output of the radiator under these new proposed conditions. The question is whether the existing oversized radiator can deliver 1,000 Watts at the new lower temperatures.

To calculate the radiator factors F1, F2, F3, and F4 as per the EN 442 standard, you need to know how the pipework is connected to the radiator (F2), the location of the radiator (F3), and its surface finish (F4). For this example, the radiator is installed on a plain wall, with bottom opposite end pipe connections (BOE) and a water-based paint finish. The following formula can be applied for F1: F1 = (new radiator MWT - Air) / 50) ^ 1.3 In our example, the F1 factor would be: F1 = (22.5 / 50) ^ 1.3 ≈ 0.354 Following this, you would select the other correction factors from the DHDG. F2 = 0.96, F3 = 1, and F4 = 1 Therefore, the new radiator output at the lower temperatures is: 3,500 Watts * 0.354 * 0.96 * 1 * 1 = 1,189.44 Watts

By transposing the simple formula you arrive at the following: ((0.297)^(1/1.3)) * DT50) + 20 (room temperature) = 39.68°C Therefore, the new flow temperature with a system DT of 5 would need to be 39.68°C + (5/2) = 42.18°C. In a scenario where there are multiple radiators installed in to a system after a buffer tank, then each radiator DT would need to be balanced separately once the highest radiator MWT has been calculated. In existing retrofit applications where the pipework may not be suitable for a heat pump system with higher flow rates, this method with hydraulic separation can be used to avoid costly pipework upgrades.

Conclusion Optimising low-temperature heat pump installations in retrofit applications involves careful consideration of heat loss, radiator characteristics, and flow temperature selection. By following the steps outlined above, installers can make existing heating systems more efficient and enhance overall comfort. The resources and guidance provided by organisations like the CIPHE play a pivotal role in equipping professionals with the knowledge and skills required to excel in this increasingly important field of heating technology.

2023 | QUARTER FOUR | P&H ENGINEERING 43

T H E F I X | A DV I C E O N P R E V EN T I N G B AC K F LO W

No entry Lillie Gray from Arrow Valves, CIPHE Industrial Associate, explains how to prevent backflow

B

ackflow issues can occur when plumbing systems have been installed or used incorrectly, or not serviced for some time, causing contaminated water to enter the wrong place. This can lead to illness, bacterial infections and other health issues.

The Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations 1999 (England and Wales), the Water Supply (Water Fittings) (Scotland) Byelaws 2014 and the Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2009 are national requirements enforced by water undertakers (water suppliers).

The regulations apply to all fittings and appliances receiving water from a water supplier, setting requirements for design, installation, use and maintenance. Their purpose is to safeguard public health and conserve water through the prevention of contamination, waste, misuse and undue consumption of water supplies.

Water suppliers are committed to helping those involved in designing, building, maintaining and operating plumbing systems to understand how to comply with the regulations.

Schedule 1 relates to the different fluid categories that exist: Fluid category 1: Wholesome Fluid category 2: Wholesome water impaired owing to a change in temperature or presence of substances.

Fluid category 3: Slight health hazard.

Fluid category 4:A significant health hazard Fluid category 5: Fluid representing a serious health hazard Causes Backflow is flow upstream, that is fluid flowing in the opposite direction to the intended or normal direction of flow, within or from a water fitting. There are

two types of backflow: back pressure and back siphonage.

Back pressure occurs when the pressure downstream increases above that of the supply pressure, which pushes fluids backwards against the intended or normal direction of flow. Back siphonage occurs when the supply pressure drops below that of the system it is supplying creating a depressurisation or vacuum, which pulls fluids backwards against the intended or normal direction of flow.

Risk factors According to WaterRegs UK, ‘the type of backflow risk is dependent upon a number of factors. Good design and the installation of suitable backflow prevention arrangements are key to avoiding backflow, which is why notification is so important.

‘As the circumstances that could lead to backflow are a common occurrence across the UK, contamination of public water supplies by backflow of fluids from customers’ premises is not theoretical, but an ever-present threat to water quality and public health.

‘As there have been a number of serious contamination events across the UK, water undertakers take their role in preventing such incidents very seriously.

Where infringements are suspected or identified they will act, not only to protect water quality and public health, but also to support owners and occupiers of premises to meet their legal obligations.

44 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

‘Where contamination incidents occur, it is likely that enforcement action, including criminal proceedings, will be taken against those who fail to meet their legal obligations.’

Schedule 1 of the water fittings regulations in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, byelaws in Scotland, classifies the health risk posed by potential contaminants using a scale called fluid categories.

There are five fluid categories in total the lowest being 1- no risk and the highest 5- a serious health hazard. The method used to prevent backflow depends on the category. Backflow prevention categories differ depending upon back pressure or back siphonage situations. Therefore, some cases require mechanical devices, and some non-mechanical devices. You can find out more through the Water Regulations Guide V3 or the Water Regulations UK website.

Preventing backflow Schedule 2 paragraph 15 of the water fittings regulations in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, byelaws in Scotland requires every plumbing system to incorporate protection against backflow. This is often referred to as point-of-use backflow protection.

Schedule 2 states, ‘every water system shall contain an adequate device or devices for preventing backflow of fluid from any appliance, fitting, or process from occurring’. This means every

CIPHE.ORG.UK

A DV I C E O N P R E V EN T I N G B AC K F LO W | T H E F I X

Approved fittings It is a legal requirement that every water fitting shall be of an appropriate quality and standard. The easiest way to prove this is to use a Water Regulations Approved fitting. The choice of acceptable approvals include: WRAS, Kiwa, UK Reg 4, NSF Reg 4.

appliance must have its own backflow prevention according to the potential contamination risk. Most appliances have an integral air gap such as basin taps and WC cisterns. These generally need no further protection.

To be accepted as providing adequate backflow protection, the backflow device or arrangement installed typically should be: • approved by the Regulator or a relaxation to authorise its use granted • rated equal to or higher than the highest contamination risk (fluid category) downstream for the type of backflow (back pressure or back siphonage) a system is likely to be exposed to.

• of an appropriate quality and standard.

Some backflow prevention arrangements and devices have operational limitations, so it is best to check with the local water undertaker to confirm that they are suitable for the intended application.

Where high risk contaminants that represent a greater risk to health are likely to be present, the water undertaker can also stipulate the installation of zone or whole-site backflow protection.

Hose union taps, washing machines and dishwashers are three examples where the water company can

determine the Fluid Category and therefore the type of backflow prevention to be used. For a number of applications, such as non-domestic hose union taps, the risk is deemed to be Fluid Category 5 by default, unless risk assessed and downgraded by the local water company.

Notification New buildings, alterations, and extensions to a building other than a house require the drawings to be sent to and approved by the local water company before work starts.

It is the responsibility of the building owner to notify the water company, but often the design consultant is the most suitable person to do this. If an approved contractor is to be used for the works, the water company does not need to be notified before commencement.

PANDHENGINEERING.CO.UK

What installers need to know/consider Installers should be aware that the fluid category risk changes depending on the building use. For example, a washing machine in a house comes under Fluid Category 3 and therefore requires a double check valve. If you take the same washing machine in a commercial application it is classed within Fluid Category 4, so requires a fitting capable of protecting against such as an RPZ (reduced pressure zone) valve. If you use the same washing machine in healthcare premises, it could be risk assessed as Fluid Category 5 and would need to be protected by a physical air-break, either AA or AB air gap or DC pipe interrupter.

2023 | QUARTER FOUR | P&H ENGINEERING 45

KEEP UP YOUR CPD ONLINE

THE FIX | CPD

The CIPHE online academy means you can now access courses online. Find out more on page 48

BACKFLOW

YOUR CPD CIPHE members are expected to complete 30 hours of CPD each year.

Completion of these assessments can count towards this requirement.

W H AT T O D O Answer the questions (using an additional A4 sheet if necessary) and return by scanning and emailing or posting to the address below.

Y O U R D E TA I L S Backflow prevention devices, such as this one designed for use with fluid category 4, can be fitted to prevent contamination

How to prevent backflow 1

What is meant by the term 'upstream'?

4

Identify the regulation category for work that requires notification.

Please complete this form YOUR NAME:

CIPHE MEMBERSHIP NUMBER:

EMAIL:

RETURN TO:

2

True or false: the Water Regulations are applicable to a private water supply?

5

What is the fluid category for a hose union tap used in a stables area?

info@ciphe.org.uk Or visit the members-only area of the CIPHE website: www.ciphe.org.uk/cpd

3

Identify the correct non-mechanical backflow prevention type and fluid category for a combined WC bidet without built-in protection.

46 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

6

CPD Assessment, CIPHE, 64 Station Lane, Hornchurch, Essex RM12 6NB

Who can install a RPZ valve?

CIPHE.ORG.UK

GET IN TOUCH Would you like to see your product featured here? Contact pandhengineering@jamespembrokemedia.co.uk

PRODUC T NEWS | THE FIX

HEAT P U MP

High impact BAXI HAS introduced a new Baxi Assure Air Source Heat Pump (ASHP) range for housebuilders and developers. The Baxi Assure HP50 monobloc ASHP range offers UK winter heating capacities ranging between 4kW and 13kW. Designed specifically for use with the Baxi Assure ASHP Cylinder for excellent hot water performance, the new Baxi Assure ASHP is suitable for standalone and hybrid heating and hot water solutions. www.baxi.co.uk

B OIL ER C ONT R OL

Under control Viessmann has announced a new Vitotrol 100-E Modulation Control for its unvented system and combi Vitodens 100-W and 111-W models, enabling customers to manage their heating and hot water wirelessly. The battery-powered load compensation control is easy to install, with no wiring or outdoor sensor required. It can be paired directly with Viessmann’s new One Base software platform for the company’s new Vitodens 100-W (combi/system) and Vitodens 111-W combi storage boilers, using the ViGuide free-to-access installer commissioning and monitoring app. No additional receivers are required as the One Base boilers have built-in WiFi as standard. www.viessmann.co.uk

L E AK D ET EC T ION

Detect and prevent Lifescience Products has launched Leak-King, a range of major leak detection controllers, sensorbased single- and multi-zone alarm panels, PIR sensors and automatic shut-off valves. Leak-King major leak detection controllers are designed to meet BREEAM requirements for water leak detection and prevention. The enhanced features, including real-time remote monitoring and reporting, help to conserve water by protecting against leaks and informing user behaviour. All controllers and panels feature BMS outputs and an automatic shut-off facility. www.lifescience.co.uk/products

PANDHENGINEERING.CO.UK

V E N T I L A T I ON SY ST E M

Flexible friend Zehnder Group UK has introduced the Zehnder ComfoAir Flex – the latest energy efficient mechanical ventilation system with heat recovery (MVHR) specifically designed for tight spaces and challenging installation environments. Small in size and narrow enough to be ceiling mounted, the new ComfoAir Flex boasts a market-leading heat recovery efficiency rate of 96%. www.zehnder.co.uk/en/comfoair-flex

F I L T E R A N D SC A L E R E DUC E R

Clean and clear The Trappex range of Domestic Filters and Inline Scale Reducers from Arctic Hayes is designed to combat build-ups of harmful particulates.

The range includes the ‘Centramag 2’ Nylon Filters (22 and 28mm), the Genesis Brass Filters (22mm available with or without valves) and the Quantum Mini Brass Filter (22mm). The filters work by controlling the water flow and maximising the non-magnetic particle capture, while the Trappex Inline reducers use electrolyte principles to prevent the build-up of scale. www.arctic-hayes.com

2023 | QUARTER FOUR | P&H ENGINEERING 47

MEMBERSHIP

YOUR KE Y MEMBERSHIP BENEFIT S AND HOW YOU C AN G E T MORE INVOLVED WITH THE CIPHE

E D U C AT I O N

Introducing CIPHE Academy TIM SAINT Y CIPHE membership director Tim looks after the growing CIPHE membership, enhancing services for members and improving communications tims@ciphe.org.uk +44 (0)1708 463102

The CIPHE Academy offers a diverse range of courses for plumbing and heating engineers to develop their skills and knowledge

W

e are thrilled to announce the launch of our online learning platform, the CIPHE Academy, your one-stop destination for professional development and advancement in the ever-evolving world of the plumbing and heating industry.

It is designed to empower and equip professionals like you with the latest skills and knowledge needed to thrive in today’s competitive landscape.

Elevate your expertise At CIPHE Academy, we understand the importance of staying ahead in the industry.

That’s why we’ve curated a comprehensive selection of industry-specific courses, taught by industry experts and thought leaders. Whether you’re looking to master the latest technologies or stay updated with industry trends, our platform offers a diverse range of courses tailored to your professional needs.

Unparalleled flexibility and accessibility We believe that learning should be accessible anytime, anywhere. With CIPHE Academy, you have the freedom to learn at your own pace, from the comfort of your home, office, or even on the go. Our user-friendly interface

48 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

and intuitive course navigation ensure a seamless learning experience, allowing you to balance your professional commitments while investing in your personal growth.

A diverse course catalogue With over 60 courses carefully curated across various categories, including Water Safety, Heating, Drainage, Hot & Cold Water Services, and Renewable and Low Carbon, CIPHE Academy offers a comprehensive learning experience tailored to the diverse needs and interests of our members.

Industry support and contributions We extend our gratitude to the Industrial Associates who have contributed their expertise, insights and resources to enhance the learning experience at CIPHE Academy.

Their valuable contributions have played a pivotal role in enriching our course content and ensuring its real-world relevance and applicability.

Update from CIPHE Academy Since our soft launch in June 2023, CIPHE Academy has witnessed a good response from our valued members and users within the industry. Each successful course completion signifies a step forward in

the professional journey of our members, empowering them to stay abreast of the latest industry trends, practices, and innovations.

We are committed to supporting and recognising the dedication of CIPHE Academy users through our CPD certification, enabling them to log their courses as part of their CPD hours through MyCareerPath™.

With MyCareerPath™, CIPHE members can record activities and experiences that contribute to their CPD and build up a body of evidence that can be updated, printed, and sent to colleagues or Institutions for online review and comments. MyCareerPath™ is a versatile tool designed to aid individuals in achieving their career objectives, including professional registration.

As we move towards 2024, we are committed to fostering stronger partnerships with our Industrial Associates. With an eye towards nurturing mutually beneficial relationships, we envision a future of intensified collaboration and collective growth. Our dedication to enhancing the Academy remains steadfast, as we are poised to embark on an

CIPHE.ORG.UK

MEMBERSHIP

ambitious journey to amplify the diversity and depth of our content offerings. Through this concerted effort, we aim to create an immersive learning experience that not only meets but exceeds the expectations of our valued members.

“It is designed to empower and equip professionals like you with the latest skills and knowledge”

The CIPHE’s CEO, Kevin Wellman commented: “Embracing innovation and continuous learning is paramount in today’s rapidly evolving landscape.

I am thrilled to introduce our new online learning platform, dedicated to equipping our members with the knowledge and tools they need to stay ahead.

Committed to upholding the Code of Professional Standards, our Academy will facilitate the fulfilment of CPD requirements while fostering a deep understanding of emerging technologies and products. Together, we embark on a journey of continuous growth and excellence.”

We invite you to explore our course catalogue and take the first step toward a future of endless possibilities with CIPHE Academy.

Together, let’s be Proud to be a Professional and shape the future of the plumbing and heating industry with knowledge, expertise, and excellence.

PANDHENGINEERING.CO.UK

Welcome to CIPHE Academy: Where learning meets professional excellence CIPHE members can follow this step-by-step guide to accessing the Academy.

Step 1 – CIPHE Membership Page Go to www.ciphe. org.uk and log in to your membership page.

Step 2 – Access the Academy On the membership page, you can link to the Academy in the Access technical resources & CPD section.

Click on the ‘open the Academy’ button.

Step 3 – Academy login page No need to enter any login or passwords as you are a CIPHE member. Click on the Member login button to be directed to the Academy.

Step 4 – Academy dashboard Welcome to your personal Academy dashboard. From here you can access all the courses and see your course progression and completed courses.

Step 5 – Courses The quickest and easiest way to find a course is by clicking on a category image.

2023 | QUARTER FOUR | P&H ENGINEERING 49

Call for Nominations

Step 5a – Course A list of courses will be presented. Look through and choose the course you would like to complete. Click on the course to go to the course details.

This is a call for nominations for the posts of President and Vice President, for the year 2024 – 2025 in accordance with the Institute’s Byelaws. In addition, nominations are invited for a Voting Member Trustee to serve on the Board of Trustees for four years (2024 – 2028). A copy of this text is available from Head Office; please contact Lesley Church on 01708 463115 or email lesleyc@ciphe.org.uk.

Step 6 – Course details and enrolment The course details will be shown – to complete enrolment, click the enrol button.

Nominations are required for the following positions: • President of the Institute • Vice President of the Institute • Voting Member Trustee.

Only the Voting Member will be a member of the Board of Trustees, the composition of which is set out in Byelaw 24.

Written nominations in the prescribed form must be submitted to the CIPHE Honorary Company Secretary no later than 31 January 2024 by a Voting Member, by a Branch or by the Board of Trustees. The nomination papers include the requirement to provide a short resumé and a good quality photograph; a signed declaration from the nominee of his or her willingness to serve, if elected, and in respect of a Trustee appointment an acknowledgement of awareness of, and acceptance to adhere to, the roles and responsibilities of Charitable Trustees.

For a nomination form, as well as information about the roles and responsibilities of Trustees, please apply to:

Step 6a – Course presentation There are a variety of course layouts through the academy, as the examples right and below:

Step 7 – Completion At the end of the course, you will be asked to complete a CPD test. Once you have passed the test, you will be able to download a certificate.

The CIPHE Academy is hosted on the Cortexa platform

Remember to log your courses as part of your CPD hours through MyCareerPath™

50 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

CIPHE Honorary Company Secretary Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering 64 Station Lane Hornchurch Essex RM12 6NB The CIPHE’s Annual General Meeting will take place on Friday 7 June 2024 at which the results of the elections will be announced.

CIPHE.ORG.UK

T R A IN IN G

There are lots of resources available from the CIPHE to help you with your Continuing Professional Development (CPD)

Use mycareerpath Using our online CPD facility, available in the members’ area of ciphe.org.uk, you can upload certificates of attendance at training events, upload completed CPD assessments from P&H Engineering, and track progress to achieving additional qualifications or awards such as registration with the Engineering Council

Keep reading P&H Engineering Every issue, we include technical articles with accompanying CPD assessments. These cover a range of topics from underfloor heating design to making sure you meet Water Regulations, and you can add to your CPD by simply cutting out your assessment form, completing and returning it, or by emailing your answers in.

Visit pandh engineering.co.uk Visit our technical advice section to see a full archive of detailed TechTalk pieces from back issues of P&H Engineering, going back to autumn 2018. Whether or not you complete the assessments, these archived pieces provide a useful reference library on a whole range of plumbing and heating topics.

For more information about your CPD, visit

www.ciphe.org.uk

I N T E R N AT I O N A L | M A L D I V E S

Tapped out P&H Engineering looks at how the Maldives is restoring water security on its most vulnerable outer islands

I

n 2014, the (former) President of the Maldives was forced to cut short an overseas trip to tackle an unfolding water crisis in the capital, Malé.

The crisis was triggered by a fire at a desalination plant, which this densely-populated city relies upon for its water supply. The fire left more than a third of the population without water for drinking, bathing, cleaning, and cooking, leaving the small island in a state of emergency.

The incident highlighted the precariousness of the Maldives’ water supply and the pressing need for a solution.

Climate crisis Malé’s fresh water resources have come under threat from climate change, with rainfall and rising sea levels of around 3mm a year polluting groundwater. According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), this has resulted in drinking water shortages becoming commonplace during the dry season, with significant impacts on people’s health, food security and productivity.

Poor sanitation and groundwater contamination have exacerbated the risk of water-borne diseases, with women in particular affected by poor-quality water due to their family roles in cooking, washing, bathing children and house cleaning. Complaints of skin irritations and infections are also common.

As climate change continues to develop, enhancing water security and building more resilient islands is a key focus for the Republic of Maldives.

President of the Republic of Maldives H.E. Ibrahim Mohamed Solih said: “To the Maldives, and to billions of people across the planet, the choice is obvious.

We must act [on climate change] with utmost urgency.”

Taking action In 2017 the Maldives government launched a $28.2 million project, with the backing

Even the simplest tasks like cooking in water were potentially dangerous to health

52 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

“We must act [on climate change] with utmost urgency”

CIPHE.ORG.UK

M A L D I V E S | I N T E R N AT I O N A L

of the Green Climate Fund and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), to secure a year-round, safe, reliable and uninterrupted water supply for residents of the most vulnerable outer islands Following delays due to COVID-19, the project is now nearing completion and the new climate-resilient Integrated Water Resources Management systems (IWRM), which bring together rainwater, groundwater and desalinated water – will serve as distribution hubs for seven northern islands during the dry season.

The IWRM systems are now operational on the four main islands of Nolhivaranfaru, Foakaidhoo, Maduvvari, and Dharavandhoo.

The project has also completed 17 rainwater harvesting systems that feature tanks that use ultrafiltration to treat harvested rainwater, collecting 150 tonnes of water in addition to water collected at various public buildings. These systems are expected to provide an additional 3,750 tonnes of water storage for 25 communities, providing around 20,000 people with an uninterrupted supply of clean water.

Planning ahead The government has set out a dry period potable water security plan. There is also a new monitoring portal that enables the Water and Sanitation Department to manage dry period water supply more efficiently by recording the islands’ water reserves, facilitating councils’ requests for water, logging grievances and service interruptions, and enhancing coordination.

The department can also monitor and analyse groundwater conditions using a new geographic information system (GIS). The project has also worked with the Maldives Meteorological Service, with the introduction of six Automatic Weather Stations that provide more accurate rainfall predictions for improved rainwater harvesting.

Effecting change Occupational standards have been developed for water operation, sewerage operation, plumbing, and laboratory operation, as well as courses for the National Skill Development Authority. It is the first time a national certificate level course has been developed for the sector.

The Water and Sanitation Department also

PANDHENGINEERING.CO.UK

With its crucial desalination plant out of action in the Maldives capital of Malé, fresh water supplies are dangerously low

D I D YO U K N O W ?

Water everywhere – but not where the people need it most – fresh, and in their homes

THE COST OF WATER More than a quarter of the outer islands’ population live under the poverty line of US $2 per day, making bottled water an expensive cost.

has a new online learning management system for hosting up-to-date training material for ongoing use.

The project has contributed to the water sector legislation and regulations, including the Water and Sewerage Act and Utility Regulatory Authority Act, which aim to improve water resource management, and influence legislation mandating water production within the country to be fully powered via renewable sources.

Cost effective By combining expensive desalination technology with expanding water harvesting capabilities and cutting down the cost of imported fuel by switching to renewable energy, the project is a cost-effective solution to water security.

Water is now more affordable for households and the state, with the cost of supplying water during dry periods costing around 40% less, according to the UNDP, providing annual savings of around MVR 1.5 million (US$98,000).

Due to the scalability of such an efficient model, the Ministry of National Planning, Housing and Infrastructure has adopted this infrastructure across the other atolls and islands too.

Access to safe drinking water will result in a significant reduction of waterborne diseases on these islands. Continued monitoring of the quality and consumption of groundwater will ensure that unclean drinking water and annual water shortages no longer occur.

2023 | QUARTER FOUR | P&H ENGINEERING 53

W E L L B E I N G | C A R B O N M O N OX I D E

Silent killer Carbon monoxide is a serious threat to installers’ health

C

arbon monoxide (CO) isn’t called the silent killer for no reason.

This colourless, odourless gas can make people and their pets seriously ill and, in some cases, even cause death.

Know the signs The human body can quickly and easily absorb CO. Once inhaled, this poisonous gas combines with oxygen-carrying haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin, which inhibits the transference of oxygen around the body. This effectively starves organs of oxygen, affecting the heart, brain and central nervous system.

According to the CIPHE, symptoms of CO poisoning are often flu-like and their severity depends on the amount of carbon monoxide inhaled.

Signs of carbon monoxide poisoning include headaches, dizziness, breathlessness, nausea, collapse and loss of consciousness.

Negative impact Exposure to CO can cause all sorts of health issues, such as rapid and irregular heartbeat, decreasing blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmias, heart blocks, ventricular ectopic beats, heart attack and death.

CO poisoning can also cause cerebral edema (swelling) on the brain, where cells swell and crush each other, resulting in diffuse brain injury and precipitating seizures. In some cases, this can cause irreversible damage to the brain that can affect the nervous system.

CO poisoning can be mis-diagnosed as flu or gastroenteritis through its symptoms. Due to its effects on the

brain and nervous system it can also be mis-diagnosed as a neurological or psychiatric disorder.

Risk factor Anyone who is exposed to CO and inhales unsafe levels of the gas will suffer some degree of poisoning.

However, those who are more vulnerable, such as children, the elderly, those with pre-existing health conditions and pregnant women, will be harder hit than other people.

Exposure to high levels of CO during

“Carrying a personal carbon monoxide alarm could save your life and provides peace of mind while on site” pregnancy can reduce the amount of oxygen reaching the baby in the womb, potentially affecting its growth and development. Carbon monoxide poisoning can lead to suffocation and death of the mother and baby.

People already suffering from a heart condition can succumb more rapidly to carbon monoxide, as can those with respiratory health problems.

Smokers are at a higher risk as they will already have elevated levels of carboxyhaemoglobin in their blood.

Pets display symptoms at a faster rate and will show the same kind of effects as humans (dizziness, nausea, fatigue, disorientation, irritability,

54 P&H ENGINEERING | QUARTER FOUR | 2023

weakness, lack of co-ordination, convulsions, coma, death).

Personal protection According to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, around 4,000 people visit A&E each year, with 440 hospital admissions as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning and, according to the Office of National Statistics, 116 people died from the toxic effects of carbon monoxide poisoning in 2020.

Most plumbing and heating engineers would recommend that customers install a carbon monoxide alarm for their own safety, but few consider their own health when carrying out work.

As part of this year’s Gas Safety Week, Arctic Hayes urged installers to protect themselves from the threat of carbon monoxide poisoning by carrying a personal carbon monoxide alarm.

“As well as raising the awareness of gas safety among homeowners, the safety of Gas Safe engineers must be a priority – not just during Gas Safety Week, but at every site visit,” says Lee Parsons, CEO of Arctic Hayes. “Carrying a personal carbon monoxide alarm could save your life and provides peace of mind while on site.”

USEFUL LINKS To find out more about CO poisoning and symptoms, visit www.ciphe.org.uk/ public/plumbinghealth-hazards/ carbon-monoxide

CIPHE.ORG.UK