Portfolio of Yifei Luo M.S AUD Columbia GSAPP yl4527@columbia.edu 2020-2021
Table of Content 01|Resilience via Benevolence
Page 1-6
Harlem, NY
Medium [noun] "Something which is intermediate between two degrees, amounts, qualities, or classes; a middle state." Source: Oxford Dictionary
Urban Design as Medium The power of urban design has far surpassed providing shelter and aesthetic appeal. More importantly, in my view, urban design acts like a medium between people and their surrounding environment. It constantly influences how people experience and react to the world, and it can reshape people's everyday lifestyle imperceptibly. Nowadays, climate change, social inequity, technological development, rapid urbanization, along with many other factors are constantly challenging people's living environment. The works in this portfolio mostly concentrate on how to use urban design as a medium between people and the world to seek an optimal solution for both sides.
02| Reprogramming Auto Space
Page 7-20
Kingston, NY
03| SWiM
Page 21-32
Memphis, TN
04| Geoprocessing as Site Selection Tool
Page 33-42
Bronx, NY
05| Super Tall
Page 43-44
New York, NY
06| Re-Design Your Sewoon Seoul, South Korea
Page 45-46
What is Permaculture
SOCIETY
FA M I LY
C O - O P E R AT I O N / CONDENSER T R A N S L AT O R
each branch can be an individual M A N U FA C T U R E R birds are distributors of seeds and nutrients
STORE
the system acts as a TEACHER
insects give sugars to roots.
MESSENGER same species responds to messages
INTERACTOR
Resilience via Benevolence different species trade materials
Fall 2020 Urban Design Studio I Instructor: Nans Voron, Austin Sakong, Tami Banh, Sagi Golan, Ifeoma Ebo, Noah Chasin Team Member: Nupur Roy, Chao Li, Yong Zhuang
The urban fabric of today is carved up into autocratic silos that are owned and operated by the (pre-screened) individual who (more often than not) is an absentee citizen - divorced from the realities of their tenants and the communities in which their assets play a substantial role in the making and shaping of spatial imaginations and aspirations in the community. This absenteeism coupled with the trappings of this privilege has resulted in the romanticization of the misuse/ill use of space. Our urban vision challenges these ‘over utilized yet under maintained’ spaces and the denizens associated with them to participate in the decentralization effort and contribute to the formalization of an informal network of ancillary diversity generators. Rather than perpetuate the greed that coats the monetary incentives that usually accompany these calls to community service, our vision chooses to believe in the compelling nature of the benevolence that we believe is inherently human. To combat the lethal nature of the ‘generosity’, we must pollinate the benignity with a ‘multiplicity’ that is contingent on the Integrated Process in which the individual (both kinds) collaborates at the community level in order to foster an urbanism that boasts a robust heterogeneity relative to both function and feeling. Our urban vision is premised on the principles of traditional permaculture - a closed system that is modeled after the natural resilience of the framework of functional duality and the (mostly) equivalent exchange within the ecological hierarchy present in an agrarian landscape. When this permaculture is transposed on to the urban context, the previously disregarded denizens of the community are recognized for their individual assets and are consequently motivated to mobilize themselves into multiple accessible units of skill and empathy ready to bolster the overwhelmed community condensers. This ‘human infrastructure’ is the antidote to the ‘accidental’ pressure on the incidentally social infrastructures of the city.
S O I L S C O O P E R AT I V E COMMUNITY mycorrhiza trade nutrients
tree reg ulates the health of browsers
What is Urban Permaculture
SOCIAL CONDENSER
SOCIETY
THE CITIZEN
HOME E D U C AT I O N
the business and the home also exist in tandem
BUSINESS
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
permeable surfaces
UNDERGROUND URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE
permeable surfaces
supports the urban systems.
Greener and healthier environment to live
1
each root is an individual
Interactive
harmonious social networks
Safer passage to the school bigger outdoor campus
2
Potential Spaces for Activation
Step 1:
Identify Spaces for Decentralization Where in the community can we facilitate the integration of the community into the education system?
1.
2.
What factors should we consider to make this selection?
1. Area 2. Access Points
3.
3. Solar Exposure
ENVIRONMENT
Identify Leverage Points
R7
R7
How can we work with the existing ecosystem?
C2-4
C2-4
C2-4
C2-4
R7
C2-4 R7
R7
R7
R7
Property Lines v. Interstices R7 Type: Medium-density apartment house districts
• PEOPLE
C2-4 Type: Residential with commercial uses on the street level.
• PROFIT potential threshold of engament
Some of the commercial uses include...
Education 3
EXPRESSION
Vision for Interstitial Spaces
Step 2:
• PLANET
ENGAGEMENT
Collaboration 4
Day Time Scenario
Winter Scenario
Night Time Scenario
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6
225,097 metric tons of CO2e GHG emissions in the city of Kingston in 1 year 41% is Automobile GHG
158,782,140 vehicle miles traveled (VMT)/year A Hudson Valley high
Reprogramming Auto Space Spring 2021 Urban Design Studio II Instructor: Kaja Kuhl, Lee Altman, Anna Dietzsch, Shachi Pandey, Thaddeus Pawloski Team Member: Anirudh Venkat, Dhania Yasmin, Cheng Ju Lee
480 acres Impermeable Surfaces in Kingston city
Reliance on personal vehicles is costing Kingston 93.000 tons of carbon per year. Our project proposes repurposing infrastructure that supports this habit into much needed housing, open space, and energy-generating infrastructure. Less space for cars, more space for people. As part of the GND agenda to retrofit cities and reach a target of carbon neutrality by 2030; this project attempts to attack the infrastructure that enables an oversized dependence on personal vehicles while rendering most public transport systems unviable. In Kingston,this phenomenon is enabled by vast amounts of impermeable parking lots that occupy an outsized amount of land along the city’s commercial spines. This project seeks to explore their reprogramming as a way of adding density, vitality and reducing per capita ‘Vehicle Miles Travelled (VMT)’ in the city. This transformation must stitch together a city fabric that promotes active mobility while also introducing concepts of ‘shared resource ownership’ in order to ensure an equitable transition to a sustainable city. We identify Community Solar as an umbrella strategy that not only helps power new development but also generates valuable income. Small interventions are introduced in Kingston’s lower density fabric, while a primary site is developed in the city center. This midtown site will serve as a central destination where a walkable, affordable neighborhood is designed with a density that justifies public transport and pushes the limits of collectively owning resources such as land, power and public space.
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8
Right-sizing parking by 50% would move 240 acres into the city’s land pool for redevelopment
Parking
Parking
Reclaim Parking
Right-sizing parking by 50% would move 240 acres into the city’s land pool for redevelopment
Propose a right-sizing of parking requirements along Kingston’s industrial and commercial spines through a rezoning process.
40% Public Space
Private land owners are now able to develop their excess parking under guidelines established by the city regarding energy, housing and public space requirements
Solar Energy Infrastructure
20% Affordable Housing
4M kW
energy incentive
2M kW 1M kW
2M kW
1M kW
1.5M kW
How much of the city can be owned collectively?
CLT Land
Can a land trust become the largest land owner in the city of Kingston? Claiming excess parking on municipal and city-owned sites for a CLT 9
Energy
Transport
Community Space
Pushing the limits of what a city can own collectively, community solar serves as an economic anchor in the system, subsidizing living and operation costs internally.
Solar Farm
Private Solar Energy Infrastructure
Infill Unit Solar
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Residential Zone Infill Remote / Ponckhockie
Ponckhockie Site Program and Strategy
energy incentive
ng people c Movi ood ne loser to ccesit f basic ies
African American Community Library
Residential
In the face of new development opportunities and the collective ownership of resources in the city, we imagine a redistribution of live, work and play spaces; correcting the VMT per person living in Kingston.
Commercial Public Space
energy subsidized
Housing
Grocery Coop Market Space Public Plaza
Church
Transit Hub: Shared Bike Shared EV Bus Stop
Brownfield
Local Solar Plant
Energy Infrastructure
Ponckhockie Site Scenario
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12
l Zone Infill rial IBM / Lincoln Park
Commercial/Industrial Zone Infill City center / Midtown
Lincoln Park Site Program and Strategy
energy incentive
peop Movingork andle closer educ to their w atio n
Midtown Site Program and Strategy
energy subsidized
energy incentive
job opportunities Green
Housing
Grocery Coop Market Space Public Plaza
Lincoln Park Site Scenario
13
from the solar farm
Connecting neighboorhood with housing, commerce and public space
Commercial Big Box
Transit Hub: Shared Bike Shared EV Bus Stop
energy subsidized
Former Industrial (IBM)
Commercial/Industrial
Mix-use Affordable Housing Unit
Rezoned Commercial Solar Farm
Housing
Public Space
Transit Hub: Shared Bike Shared EV Bus Stop
Midtown Site Scenario
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Tr em
pe
Green Line
rA ve
t
Sa
ll S
rne
Co
cc
om
an
Fa s
hio
Ln
as
m Tho
Community Solar
Cowoking Space
nL
n
St road
Rail
Bro
Inner Courtyard
Ave
adw
ay
Ground Floor Commercial
Bus Stop
Ground Floor
CSX Rail
Bike Lane
Inner Courtyard Co
rn
ell
Community Front
re e
Community Space
Bike Sharing
Building Unit Secondary Public Space
St
EV Sharing
Main Public Space
Community Solar
t
Commercial Front
Residential Unit Public Terrace Commercial Community Space
15
16
Midtown Site Residential Area Section Perspective
Community Solar
Community Solar
Housing Unit
Housing Unit
Commercial Solar Courtyard
Community Terrace
Shared Street
17
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Commercial
Shared Street
18
Midtown Site Plaza Scenario
Midtown Site Plaza Section Perspective Shared Street
Housing Shared HousingStreet Units Unit
Community Shared Street Solar
Playground
19
Solar Park
Community Terrace
Co-Working Space
E-Scooter Station
Bike Station
20
Flooding Along Mississippi River
St. Louis
Ste. Genevieve
MO
SWiM - Safe Water in Memphis Summer 2021 Urban Design Studio III Instructor: Kate Orff, Geeta Mehta, Adriana Chavez, Dilip Da Cunha, Justine Holzman Team Member: Anirudh Venkat, Nupur Roy, Kai Guo
Cairo
East Prairie
Tiptonville
Caruthersville
AR
Osceola
TN Memphis
Memphis represents a dense urban condition along the Mississippi where infrastructure such as levees, roads and concretized creeks have severed the natural connection between tributaries such as the Wolf river and their watershed. This results in increased flood risk and incidence of toxicity in communities along the water. The water inequity issues faced by these communities are closely linked to their geographic location in the city as a consequence of historic redlining . While the city of Memphis reckons with its racial and environmental past, there is an urgent need to heal its relationship with (through designing for public health & water?) water. SWiM believes that the revolutionary act of swimming can demand better quality of water and safe access to it for all citizens. Our project proposes a bold new retreat strategy, in addition to existing efforts to preserve the Wolf river watershed, as a way of creating room for the river in the city. This would also attempt to right historic water inequities by giving the people of Memphis free and fair access to clean recreational water. The American Jobs Plan is imagined as the much needed economic impetus needed to carry out the proposed large scale and long term transformation of this dense urban condition. In the remediation of aging industries in North Memphis, the deconcretization of creeks that penetrate the city and the retrofit of parks and green spaces; we envision a new resilient public realm of swimmable pools, restored local ecology and a healthy stream of green jobs in the community.
Tunica River Park
Helena West
Greenville
AL Vicksburg
LA
MS Natchez
Baton Rouge
New Orleans FEMA’s Flood Hazard Map 0%
1% Annual Chance Flood
Key Organizations involved 2011 Flood Relief Effort.
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22
23
24
25
Landform Establishment
Flooding Access
Natural Erosion
Phyto-Remediation
Contaminated Aquifer
Contaminated Flooding
Increase Infiltration
Resilient Eco System
Phyto-Remediation
Cut-Fill Operation
Lowland Framing
Overlapped Programs
26
Stormwater Filtration
Deconcretized Creek
Chemical Pollution Treatment
Cypress Creek Trail
Public Gathering Space
ACTIVATING THE LEATH BAYOU
2021
2050 Wolf River
Leath Bayou Research Station
Wolf River Conservancy Trail
Leath Park
Community Engagement in Cumberand
Leath Bayou
Mussel
Largemouth Bass
Flathead Catfish
Water Gate
Activation of Leath Bayou 27
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29
30
31
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Interstitial Spaces at Inwood, Bronx Rear Lot Groups in the Inwood Neighborhood h a r l e m
r
i v e
r
An Investigation into the Application of Geoprocessing as a Tool for Site Selection Fall 2020 Geographic Information System Instructor: Leah Meisterlin, Carsten Rodin Team Member: Nupur Roy, Yong Zhuang
I s h a m
P a r k
The Inwood community is socio-economically vulnerable. A significant proportion of the denizens completely reliant on state and federal programs for services like food and health care. These operate out of the social and physical infrastructure of the education system; resulting in the local schools performing more than they were designed to, both spatially and administratively. In an attempt to alleviate the strain on these ‘social condensers’, our studio team is investigating the potential of ‘decentralizing’ the school by creating a series of ‘incidental learning spaces’ that are integrated into each block of the neighbourhood. The educational programs in these learning spaces will be organized and executed by the residents of each block in liaison with the local education system which we hope will foster an ancillary system of support. No interstitial space is the same - some are large with cracked concrete floors and a few trees; while others are narrow, dark and too small to be considered for the volume of educational activity that we envision. Based on the city’s standards for the design of public spaces, we would like to explore the potential of using GIS as a site selection tool. Through geoprocessing, we would like to create a ranked list of interstitial spaces that are ‘most-to-least’ conducive to our vision for this project. Our aim is to produce this site selection process as a manual for the community and local schools to use as they collaborate to decide on which of these spaces to use to create their ancillary network of support.
200 0
33
1400 600
ft
34
METHODOLOGY STEP 1:
STEP 3:
STEP 4:
STEP 5:
STEP 6:
ISOLATING THE INTERSTICES
DEFINING GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE
AREA ANALYSIS
SOLAR ANALYSIS
ACCESS POINTS ANALYSIS
SUITABILITY ANALYSIS
Import Building Footprint & Tax Lot datasets. Change Projection to EPSG:2263.
Set up ArcMap to perform Network Analysis to create a Service Area.
Isolate the Interstices that fall within the 1/4 mile geographical scope.
Create a 3D model of the neighbourhood in Rhino using Grasshopper.
Document the number of access points to each interstices
Create an index ranking all the criteria considered for analysis.
Once the Network Analysis is complete, input the location of PS.98 and ‘solve’.
Create a new field in the attribute table of the selected interstices and calculate area in square feet.
Change the Viewport style to RayTrace and turn on Rhino Sun.
Create a rank list for walkability, area and access points.
Set up a top view that covers the defined geographical scope and export Solar images for Spring, Summer and Fall. Make sure to export 3 images per season - sunrise, noon and sunset.
Aggregate this rank list with ones created for each season based on the zonal statistic ranking done for solar exposure.
Export data to Rhinoceros 3D maintaining the EPSG:2263 projection.
Once in Rhino, create a new layer for the Interstices and trace the space using the polyline command.
Export the layer with the interstices back to ArcMap. Convert the polyline layer to a shapefile.
Perform a Spatial Join between the new Interstices shapefile and the Tax Lot data to share attributes.
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STEP 2:
Document the number of interstices that fall within the 1/4mi and 1/2mi buffers that are created
Change symbology to Graduated based on the area calculated.
Change symbology to Graduated based on the area calculated.
Convert vector data into raster data using the ArcToolbox.
Calculate the Mean solar exposure for each season using Cell Statistics in the Spatial Analyst Toolbox.
RANKED SITE SELECTION MAPS BY SEMESTER FOR THE PS.98 COMMUNITY to begin their ‘decentralization’.
Next, calculate Zonal Statistics for each season, specifying the interstices shapefile layer.
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SPRING SEMESTER SUITABILITY MAP
RANKED ZONAL STATISTICS MAP OF SOLAR EXPOSURE IN THE INTERSTICES DURING SPRING.
85
Interstices
expressed in percentage.
PS.98
89
70
70
3
1
80 66
82
9
86 70
8
70
6
67 81
2
67
10
13
76
100 0
4
12
14
700 300
11
ft
7
9AM
12PM
3PM
5
100
Solar Exposure Analysis - Spring (March) 37
0
700 300
sft 38
RANKED ZONAL STATISTICS MAP OF SOLAR EXPOSURE IN THE INTERSTICES DURING SUMMER.
SUMMER SEMESTER SUITABILITY MAP
77
Interstices
expressed in percentage.
PS.98
56
55
56
1
40
62
10
66
11
63 58
8
76
14
56 51
59
4 7
5 13
53
100 0
3
9
700 300
ft
2 12
9AM
12PM
3PM
100
Solar Exposure Analysis - Summer (June) 39
0
700 300
sft 40
RANKED ZONAL STATISTICS MAP OF SOLAR EXPOSURE IN THE INTERSTICES DURING FALL.
FALL SEMESTER SUITABILITY MAP
75
Interstices
expressed in percentage.
PS.98
78
59
56
3
57
73
1
55
8
76 50 58
11
54
10
48
72
2 7
4 14
66
12
100 0
13
700 300
ft
9 6
9AM
12PM
3PM
5
100
Solar Exposure Analysis - Fall (September) 41
0
700 300
sft 42
Building Core Axon
Occupancy Group and Egress Stair Capacity 10 5’-
”
24
C A
Zone 4
Air Intake
8 10
” ’-6
B
Pressurization Fan
204’-1”
Metal Plan Stair
Cast in Place Stair
Exit Stair A
Total Capacity: 153 People
Stair Width: 46”
Tank Room
Zone 3
Fire Pump Room
Cast in Place Stair
Exit Stair A
Occupant Factor: 0.3
2hr Rating
Total Capacity: 153 People
Stair Width: 46”
Exit Stair A
Occupant Factor: 0.3
Total Capacity: 153 People
Stair Width: 46”
Occupant Factor: 0.3
Stair Capacity: 153 People
Stair Capacity: 153 People
Stair Capacity: 153 People
Door Width: 34”
Door Width: 34”
Door Width: 34”
Occupant Factor: 0.2
Door Capacity: 170 People
Occupant Factor: 0.2
Door Capacity: 170 People
Stair Pressurization Shaft
Occupant Factor: 0.2
Door Capacity: 170 People
Total Occupancy: 306 People Occupant Load - Level 6 Area
Floor Area per Occupant
Total Occupant Load
Business
22261 SF
100 SF
223
Mechanical
1186 SF
300 SF
Grand Total
23447 SF
Typical Staircases Details 0'-6'' THK (TYP.)
HSS 1.66x.140 TOP RAIL&POST
8#4 X 5K306 @6'' B1 2X1 #5X 3'-8''@6'' T1 2X5 #4X 9'-6''@12' T2 FORMSAVER REFER DWG. 22-2TRCS-01
12 #3 X 3'-6'' NOSING 12X5 #3 3NIO6 @12'' STP BAR
HSS1.66x.140 POST
5/8 Φ BEND ROD 12 #3 X 3'-6'' NOSING
5/8?BENT ROD
3/16
3'-6"
14'-0''
TYP
1/2?ROUND BAR PICKETS @ 4'' MAX/ OPENING (TYP.)
1 1/2''±
6"
8 #5 X 12'-6'' @6'' TI
8
4'' MAX
3/4 TYP
3/16 3'(TYP6'' .)
8#4 X 5K306 @6'' B1 2X1 #5X 3'-8''@6'' T1 2X5 #4X 9'-6''@12' T2 FORMSAVER REFER DWG. 22-2TRCS-01
1/2
8 #5 5K308 @6'' T1
1/2
Zone 2
2''
GROUT SOLID AT EMBED POCKET BY-OTHERS
3'-6'' (TYP.)
#5 5K401 @6'' T1 3'-10"
HSS1.66x.140 RAILS
3 1/4''
HSS 1.66x.140 HANDRAIL
12 #3 X 3'-6'' NOSING
3''
12X5 #3 3NIO6 @12'' STP BAR
1/4
FACE OF CONC.
8 #5 X 12'-6'' @6'' TI
EMB. PLATE SEE ELEV.FOR LOC'N
0'-11" (TYP.)
2X13 #4 X 3'-6'' @12'' T2
0'-6 3/4'' (TYP.)
8 #6 X 11'-6'' @6''B1
CONCRETE STAIR
0'-10'' (TYP.)
Stair Pressurization Shafts
Tank Room Cast in Place Stairs Typical Section
Typical Rail Section
Fire Pump Room
HSS1.66x.140 TOP RAIL 3 1/4''
HSS1.66x.140 HANDRAIL
3'-8"
5 1/4''
SEE TYPICAL STAIR/TREAD DETAIL
3''
2 3/4''
3'-0''
3'-0''
11''
3'-6''
SEE PLTF/LIFTING DETAIL
HSS1.66x.140 BOLT.RAIL
1/2
3''
3'-6''
HSS1.660X0.134 TYP MC 12X10.6 TYP.
2'-11 3/4''
This seminar focuses on super-tall building typology. And throughout the semester, the class takes an analytical approach by dissecting individual building components and their interrelationships to each other to build a comprehensive understanding of how super-tall building behave. The analysis of the building typology will primarily focuses on the life safety and core elements of the assigned building. A more detailed categorization will include occupancy group and egress stair capacity analysis, a study of typical staircases details and the photoluminscent egress markings. Also there will be a comprehensive analysis of the building core elements in the form of axonometric drawing.
3'-6''
8 #5 5K308 @6'' T1
3'-0''
#5 5K401 @6'' T1 3'-10"
2 1/2''
Stair Pressurization Relief
Cast in Place Stair
Spring 2021 Super Tall Instructor: Nicole Dosso Individual Work
5 228
3'-0"
Super Tall
Use of Space
SEE TYPICAL POST CONN.DETAIL DRYWALL SHAFTWALL
LIFTING LUG TYP.
2"
MC12X10.6 STRINGER L4X3X3/8 X 4''LG GOL=2 1/2 W/ 1/2 WIK BOLTS EXP. ANCHOR 3 1/2 EMBED.MIN. TORQUE TO 40 FT-LBS
3''
CBX11/5 HEADER 3'-10'' NTS
Metal Pan Stairs Typical Section
Typical Rail Section
Zone 1
Photoluminscent Egress Markings Metal Pan Stair SIGN CENTERED WITH DOOR
Stair Pressurization Shafts
18'' MAX*
18'' MAX*
18'' MAX*
6'' MAX
XAM ''6
6'' MAX
Door-Mounted Option
Wall-Mounted Option
' 1/2'
X** MIN
MA
0''
PHOTOLUMINESCENT STRIPE
Generator Flue Exhaust X* IN
A 'M 0' ' M 0'
HANDRAIL MARKING (2.2.3)
Base Building Generator
MIN ** 1'' MAX 2''
FLOOR MOUNTED PERIMETER DEMARCATION LINE (2.2.4.1)
Air Exhaust
S
A E L OS AB IC
MIN ** 1'' AX M 2''
Supply and Return for Lobby Air Intake
Fuel Oil Tank Room
Fire Pump Room
Horizontal Leading Edge of Step
E
CL T AS AC PR
Pressurization Fan
AS TH EP WID N ST ME O ED US
S
SA
PHOTOLUMINESCENT STRIPE
SA US ME ED DIM ON EN ST SIO EP NS S O AS R 0''
**
MIN AX 0'' '' M 2
MIN X** 0'' MA 2''
AS TH EPS ID W ST ME ON SA D USE
Leading Edge of Landing
PH OT 1'' CE OL MI NT UM N ST IN RI ES PE
AS CLOS E AS PRAC TICAB 4'' MAX LE
AS CLOSE AS PRACTICABLE
Fire Department Connection at Grade
43
Handrails
44
Program Diagram
Re-Design Your Sewoon Intervention Fall 2020 Difference and Design Instructor: Justin Moore Team Member: You Jin Hwang
Sewoon Shopping Center is the Korea’s first residential and commercial complex mega structures with a total length of about 1km, including 8 buildings from different 8 development companies, which were built from 1967 to 1972. Sewoon, which means “a place where all the energy of the world gathers,” was established as a shopping mall and a luxury apartment with everything that could be seen and heard in Seoul except for rice and briquettes shops, especially as a specialized shopping mall for consumer electronics in the 70s and 80s and 90s, computers and electronic components. However, as the Gangnam area started its development in late 1970s, Sewoon Shopping Center gradually lost its popularity and many of the storefronts and shopping areas became abandoned. This project, taking the advantage of the existing commercial activities of computers and electronic components, aims to utilize and recycle the wastes produced from those industries as a means of creating new public realms and attractions to bring people back to the abandoned shopping mall and revitalize the previous landmark of Seoul.
Prefabricated Module Variation
Activity
Starting Prefabricated Module
Single Object
S
M
L
Multiply Connection Board
Expectation S
M
L
Mix
Vision
Small Group Gathering
Small Group Gathering
Pavilion - Community Space Open Market
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