UD_SU21_122

Portfolio of Yifei Luo M.S AUD Columbia GSAPP yl4527@columbia.edu 2020-2021

Table of Content 01|Resilience via Benevolence

Page 1-6

Harlem, NY

Medium [noun] "Something which is intermediate between two degrees, amounts, qualities, or classes; a middle state."

Source: Oxford Dictionary

Urban Design as Medium The power of urban design has far surpassed providing shelter and aesthetic appeal. More importantly, in my view, urban design acts like a medium between people and their surrounding environment. It constantly influences how people experience and react to the world, and it can reshape people's everyday lifestyle imperceptibly.

Nowadays, climate change, social inequity, technological development, rapid urbanization, along with many other factors are constantly challenging people's living environment. The works in this portfolio mostly concentrate on how to use urban design as a medium between people and the world to seek an optimal solution for both sides.

02| Reprogramming Auto Space

Page 7-20

Kingston, NY

03| SWiM

Page 21-32

Memphis, TN

04| Geoprocessing as Site Selection Tool

Page 33-42

Bronx, NY

05| Super Tall

Page 43-44

New York, NY

06| Re-Design Your Sewoon Seoul, South Korea

Page 45-46

What is Permaculture

SOCIETY

FA M I LY

C O - O P E R AT I O N / CONDENSER T R A N S L AT O R

each branch can be an individual M A N U FA C T U R E R birds are distributors of seeds and nutrients

STORE

the system acts as a TEACHER

insects give sugars to roots.

MESSENGER same species responds to messages

INTERACTOR

Resilience via Benevolence different species trade materials

Fall 2020 Urban Design Studio I Instructor: Nans Voron, Austin Sakong, Tami Banh, Sagi Golan, Ifeoma Ebo, Noah Chasin Team Member: Nupur Roy, Chao Li, Yong Zhuang

The urban fabric of today is carved up into autocratic silos that are owned and operated by the (pre-screened) individual who (more often than not) is an absentee citizen - divorced from the realities of their tenants and the communities in which their assets play a substantial role in the making and shaping of spatial imaginations and aspirations in the community. This absenteeism coupled with the trappings of this privilege has resulted in the romanticization of the misuse/ill use of space. Our urban vision challenges these ‘over utilized yet under maintained’ spaces and the denizens associated with them to participate in the decentralization effort and contribute to the formalization of an informal network of ancillary diversity generators. Rather than perpetuate the greed that coats the monetary incentives that usually accompany these calls to community service, our vision chooses to believe in the compelling nature of the benevolence that we believe is inherently human.

To combat the lethal nature of the ‘generosity’, we must pollinate the benignity with a ‘multiplicity’ that is contingent on the Integrated Process in which the individual (both kinds) collaborates at the community level in order to foster an urbanism that boasts a robust heterogeneity relative to both function and feeling. Our urban vision is premised on the principles of traditional permaculture - a closed system that is modeled after the natural resilience of the framework of functional duality and the (mostly) equivalent exchange within the ecological hierarchy present in an agrarian landscape. When this permaculture is transposed on to the urban context, the previously disregarded denizens of the community are recognized for their individual assets and are consequently motivated to mobilize themselves into multiple accessible units of skill and empathy ready to bolster the overwhelmed community condensers. This ‘human infrastructure’ is the antidote to the ‘accidental’ pressure on the incidentally social infrastructures of the city.

S O I L S C O O P E R AT I V E COMMUNITY mycorrhiza trade nutrients

tree reg ulates the health of browsers

What is Urban Permaculture

SOCIAL CONDENSER

SOCIETY

THE CITIZEN

HOME E D U C AT I O N

the business and the home also exist in tandem

BUSINESS

SUPPORT

SUPPORT

permeable surfaces

UNDERGROUND URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE

permeable surfaces

supports the urban systems.

Greener and healthier environment to live

1

each root is an individual

Interactive

harmonious social networks

Safer passage to the school bigger outdoor campus

2

Potential Spaces for Activation

Step 1:

Identify Spaces for Decentralization Where in the community can we facilitate the integration of the community into the education system?

1.

2.

What factors should we consider to make this selection?

1. Area 2. Access Points

3.

3. Solar Exposure

ENVIRONMENT

Identify Leverage Points

R7

R7

How can we work with the existing ecosystem?

C2-4

C2-4

C2-4

C2-4

R7

C2-4 R7

R7

R7

R7

Property Lines v. Interstices R7 Type: Medium-density apartment house districts

• PEOPLE

C2-4 Type: Residential with commercial uses on the street level.

• PROFIT potential threshold of engament

Some of the commercial uses include...

Education 3

EXPRESSION

Vision for Interstitial Spaces

Step 2:

• PLANET

ENGAGEMENT

Collaboration 4

Day Time Scenario

Winter Scenario

Night Time Scenario

5

6

225,097 metric tons of CO2e GHG emissions in the city of Kingston in 1 year 41% is Automobile GHG

158,782,140 vehicle miles traveled (VMT)/year A Hudson Valley high

Reprogramming Auto Space Spring 2021 Urban Design Studio II Instructor: Kaja Kuhl, Lee Altman, Anna Dietzsch, Shachi Pandey, Thaddeus Pawloski Team Member: Anirudh Venkat, Dhania Yasmin, Cheng Ju Lee

480 acres Impermeable Surfaces in Kingston city

Reliance on personal vehicles is costing Kingston 93.000 tons of carbon per year. Our project proposes repurposing infrastructure that supports this habit into much needed housing, open space, and energy-generating infrastructure. Less space for cars, more space for people.

As part of the GND agenda to retrofit cities and reach a target of carbon neutrality by 2030; this project attempts to attack the infrastructure that enables an oversized dependence on personal vehicles while rendering most public transport systems unviable. In Kingston,this phenomenon is enabled by vast amounts of impermeable parking lots that occupy an outsized amount of land along the city’s commercial spines.

This project seeks to explore their reprogramming as a way of adding density, vitality and reducing per capita ‘Vehicle Miles Travelled (VMT)’ in the city.

This transformation must stitch together a city fabric that promotes active mobility while also introducing concepts of ‘shared resource ownership’ in order to ensure an equitable transition to a sustainable city.

We identify Community Solar as an umbrella strategy that not only helps power new development but also generates valuable income. Small interventions are introduced in Kingston’s lower density fabric, while a primary site is developed in the city center. This midtown site will serve as a central destination where a walkable, affordable neighborhood is designed with a density that justifies public transport and pushes the limits of collectively owning resources such as land, power and public space.

7

8

Right-sizing parking by 50% would move 240 acres into the city’s land pool for redevelopment

Parking

Parking

Reclaim Parking

Right-sizing parking by 50% would move 240 acres into the city’s land pool for redevelopment

Propose a right-sizing of parking requirements along Kingston’s industrial and commercial spines through a rezoning process.

40% Public Space

Private land owners are now able to develop their excess parking under guidelines established by the city regarding energy, housing and public space requirements

Solar Energy Infrastructure

20% Affordable Housing

4M kW

energy incentive

2M kW 1M kW

2M kW

1M kW

1.5M kW

How much of the city can be owned collectively?

CLT Land

Can a land trust become the largest land owner in the city of Kingston?

Claiming excess parking on municipal and city-owned sites for a CLT 9

Energy

Transport

Community Space

Pushing the limits of what a city can own collectively, community solar serves as an economic anchor in the system, subsidizing living and operation costs internally.

Solar Farm

Private Solar Energy Infrastructure

Infill Unit Solar

10

Residential Zone Infill Remote / Ponckhockie

Ponckhockie Site Program and Strategy

energy incentive

ng people c Movi ood ne loser to ccesit f basic ies

African American Community Library

Residential

In the face of new development opportunities and the collective ownership of resources in the city, we imagine a redistribution of live, work and play spaces; correcting the VMT per person living in Kingston.

Commercial Public Space

energy subsidized

Housing

Grocery Coop Market Space Public Plaza

Church

Transit Hub: Shared Bike Shared EV Bus Stop

Brownfield

Local Solar Plant

Energy Infrastructure

Ponckhockie Site Scenario

11

12

l Zone Infill rial IBM / Lincoln Park

Commercial/Industrial Zone Infill City center / Midtown

Lincoln Park Site Program and Strategy

energy incentive

peop Movingork andle closer educ to their w atio n

Midtown Site Program and Strategy

energy subsidized

energy incentive

job opportunities Green

Housing

Grocery Coop Market Space Public Plaza

Lincoln Park Site Scenario

13

from the solar farm

Connecting neighboorhood with housing, commerce and public space

Commercial Big Box

Transit Hub: Shared Bike Shared EV Bus Stop

energy subsidized

Former Industrial (IBM)

Commercial/Industrial

Mix-use Affordable Housing Unit

Rezoned Commercial Solar Farm

Housing

Public Space

Transit Hub: Shared Bike Shared EV Bus Stop

Midtown Site Scenario

14

Tr em

pe

Green Line

rA ve

t

Sa

ll S

rne

Co

cc

om

an

Fa s

hio

Ln

as

m Tho

Community Solar

Cowoking Space

nL

n

St road

Rail

Bro

Inner Courtyard

Ave

adw

ay

Ground Floor Commercial

Bus Stop

Ground Floor

CSX Rail

Bike Lane

Inner Courtyard Co

rn

ell

Community Front

re e

Community Space

Bike Sharing

Building Unit Secondary Public Space

St

EV Sharing

Main Public Space

Community Solar

t

Commercial Front

Residential Unit Public Terrace Commercial Community Space

15

16

Midtown Site Residential Area Section Perspective

Community Solar

Community Solar

Housing Unit

Housing Unit

Commercial Solar Courtyard

Community Terrace

Shared Street

17

Commercial

Commercial

Commercial

Commercial

Shared Street

18

Midtown Site Plaza Scenario

Midtown Site Plaza Section Perspective Shared Street

Housing Shared HousingStreet Units Unit

Community Shared Street Solar

Playground

19

Solar Park

Community Terrace

Co-Working Space

E-Scooter Station

Bike Station

20

Flooding Along Mississippi River

St. Louis

Ste. Genevieve

MO

SWiM - Safe Water in Memphis Summer 2021 Urban Design Studio III Instructor: Kate Orff, Geeta Mehta, Adriana Chavez, Dilip Da Cunha, Justine Holzman Team Member: Anirudh Venkat, Nupur Roy, Kai Guo

Cairo

East Prairie

Tiptonville

Caruthersville

AR

Osceola

TN Memphis

Memphis represents a dense urban condition along the Mississippi where infrastructure such as levees, roads and concretized creeks have severed the natural connection between tributaries such as the Wolf river and their watershed. This results in increased flood risk and incidence of toxicity in communities along the water. The water inequity issues faced by these communities are closely linked to their geographic location in the city as a consequence of historic redlining . While the city of Memphis reckons with its racial and environmental past, there is an urgent need to heal its relationship with (through designing for public health & water?) water.

SWiM believes that the revolutionary act of swimming can demand better quality of water and safe access to it for all citizens. Our project proposes a bold new retreat strategy, in addition to existing efforts to preserve the Wolf river watershed, as a way of creating room for the river in the city. This would also attempt to right historic water inequities by giving the people of Memphis free and fair access to clean recreational water. The American Jobs Plan is imagined as the much needed economic impetus needed to carry out the proposed large scale and long term transformation of this dense urban condition. In the remediation of aging industries in North Memphis, the deconcretization of creeks that penetrate the city and the retrofit of parks and green spaces; we envision a new resilient public realm of swimmable pools, restored local ecology and a healthy stream of green jobs in the community.

Tunica River Park

Helena West

Greenville

AL Vicksburg

LA

MS Natchez

Baton Rouge

New Orleans FEMA’s Flood Hazard Map 0%

1% Annual Chance Flood

Key Organizations involved 2011 Flood Relief Effort.

21

22

23

24

25

Landform Establishment

Flooding Access

Natural Erosion

Phyto-Remediation

Contaminated Aquifer

Contaminated Flooding

Increase Infiltration

Resilient Eco System

Phyto-Remediation

Cut-Fill Operation

Lowland Framing

Overlapped Programs

26

Stormwater Filtration

Deconcretized Creek

Chemical Pollution Treatment

Cypress Creek Trail

Public Gathering Space

ACTIVATING THE LEATH BAYOU

2021

2050 Wolf River

Leath Bayou Research Station

Wolf River Conservancy Trail

Leath Park

Community Engagement in Cumberand

Leath Bayou

Mussel

Largemouth Bass

Flathead Catfish

Water Gate

Activation of Leath Bayou 27

28

29

30

31

32

Interstitial Spaces at Inwood, Bronx Rear Lot Groups in the Inwood Neighborhood h a r l e m

r

i v e

r

An Investigation into the Application of Geoprocessing as a Tool for Site Selection Fall 2020 Geographic Information System Instructor: Leah Meisterlin, Carsten Rodin Team Member: Nupur Roy, Yong Zhuang

I s h a m

P a r k

The Inwood community is socio-economically vulnerable. A significant proportion of the denizens completely reliant on state and federal programs for services like food and health care. These operate out of the social and physical infrastructure of the education system; resulting in the local schools performing more than they were designed to, both spatially and administratively. In an attempt to alleviate the strain on these ‘social condensers’, our studio team is investigating the potential of ‘decentralizing’ the school by creating a series of ‘incidental learning spaces’ that are integrated into each block of the neighbourhood. The educational programs in these learning spaces will be organized and executed by the residents of each block in liaison with the local education system which we hope will foster an ancillary system of support.

No interstitial space is the same - some are large with cracked concrete floors and a few trees; while others are narrow, dark and too small to be considered for the volume of educational activity that we envision. Based on the city’s standards for the design of public spaces, we would like to explore the potential of using GIS as a site selection tool. Through geoprocessing, we would like to create a ranked list of interstitial spaces that are ‘most-to-least’ conducive to our vision for this project. Our aim is to produce this site selection process as a manual for the community and local schools to use as they collaborate to decide on which of these spaces to use to create their ancillary network of support.

200 0

33

1400 600

ft

34

METHODOLOGY STEP 1:

STEP 3:

STEP 4:

STEP 5:

STEP 6:

ISOLATING THE INTERSTICES

DEFINING GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE

AREA ANALYSIS

SOLAR ANALYSIS

ACCESS POINTS ANALYSIS

SUITABILITY ANALYSIS

Import Building Footprint & Tax Lot datasets. Change Projection to EPSG:2263.

Set up ArcMap to perform Network Analysis to create a Service Area.

Isolate the Interstices that fall within the 1/4 mile geographical scope.

Create a 3D model of the neighbourhood in Rhino using Grasshopper.

Document the number of access points to each interstices

Create an index ranking all the criteria considered for analysis.

Once the Network Analysis is complete, input the location of PS.98 and ‘solve’.

Create a new field in the attribute table of the selected interstices and calculate area in square feet.

Change the Viewport style to RayTrace and turn on Rhino Sun.

Create a rank list for walkability, area and access points.

Set up a top view that covers the defined geographical scope and export Solar images for Spring, Summer and Fall. Make sure to export 3 images per season - sunrise, noon and sunset.

Aggregate this rank list with ones created for each season based on the zonal statistic ranking done for solar exposure.

Export data to Rhinoceros 3D maintaining the EPSG:2263 projection.

Once in Rhino, create a new layer for the Interstices and trace the space using the polyline command.

Export the layer with the interstices back to ArcMap. Convert the polyline layer to a shapefile.

Perform a Spatial Join between the new Interstices shapefile and the Tax Lot data to share attributes.

35

STEP 2:

Document the number of interstices that fall within the 1/4mi and 1/2mi buffers that are created

Change symbology to Graduated based on the area calculated.

Change symbology to Graduated based on the area calculated.

Convert vector data into raster data using the ArcToolbox.

Calculate the Mean solar exposure for each season using Cell Statistics in the Spatial Analyst Toolbox.

RANKED SITE SELECTION MAPS BY SEMESTER FOR THE PS.98 COMMUNITY to begin their ‘decentralization’.

Next, calculate Zonal Statistics for each season, specifying the interstices shapefile layer.

36

SPRING SEMESTER SUITABILITY MAP

RANKED ZONAL STATISTICS MAP OF SOLAR EXPOSURE IN THE INTERSTICES DURING SPRING.

85

Interstices

expressed in percentage.

PS.98

89

70

70

3

1

80 66

82

9

86 70

8

70

6

67 81

2

67

10

13

76

100 0

4

12

14

700 300

11

ft

7

9AM

12PM

3PM

5

100

Solar Exposure Analysis - Spring (March) 37

0

700 300

sft 38

RANKED ZONAL STATISTICS MAP OF SOLAR EXPOSURE IN THE INTERSTICES DURING SUMMER.

SUMMER SEMESTER SUITABILITY MAP

77

Interstices

expressed in percentage.

PS.98

56

55

56

1

40

62

10

66

11

63 58

8

76

14

56 51

59

4 7

5 13

53

100 0

3

9

700 300

ft

2 12

9AM

12PM

3PM

100

Solar Exposure Analysis - Summer (June) 39

0

700 300

sft 40

RANKED ZONAL STATISTICS MAP OF SOLAR EXPOSURE IN THE INTERSTICES DURING FALL.

FALL SEMESTER SUITABILITY MAP

75

Interstices

expressed in percentage.

PS.98

78

59

56

3

57

73

1

55

8

76 50 58

11

54

10

48

72

2 7

4 14

66

12

100 0

13

700 300

ft

9 6

9AM

12PM

3PM

5

100

Solar Exposure Analysis - Fall (September) 41

0

700 300

sft 42

Building Core Axon

Occupancy Group and Egress Stair Capacity 10 5’-

”

24

C A

Zone 4

Air Intake

8 10

” ’-6

B

Pressurization Fan

204’-1”

Metal Plan Stair

Cast in Place Stair

Exit Stair A

Total Capacity: 153 People

Stair Width: 46”

Tank Room

Zone 3

Fire Pump Room

Cast in Place Stair

Exit Stair A

Occupant Factor: 0.3

2hr Rating

Total Capacity: 153 People

Stair Width: 46”

Exit Stair A

Occupant Factor: 0.3

Total Capacity: 153 People

Stair Width: 46”

Occupant Factor: 0.3

Stair Capacity: 153 People

Stair Capacity: 153 People

Stair Capacity: 153 People

Door Width: 34”

Door Width: 34”

Door Width: 34”

Occupant Factor: 0.2

Door Capacity: 170 People

Occupant Factor: 0.2

Door Capacity: 170 People

Stair Pressurization Shaft

Occupant Factor: 0.2

Door Capacity: 170 People

Total Occupancy: 306 People Occupant Load - Level 6 Area

Floor Area per Occupant

Total Occupant Load

Business

22261 SF

100 SF

223

Mechanical

1186 SF

300 SF

Grand Total

23447 SF

Typical Staircases Details 0'-6'' THK (TYP.)

HSS 1.66x.140 TOP RAIL&POST

8#4 X 5K306 @6'' B1 2X1 #5X 3'-8''@6'' T1 2X5 #4X 9'-6''@12' T2 FORMSAVER REFER DWG. 22-2TRCS-01

12 #3 X 3'-6'' NOSING 12X5 #3 3NIO6 @12'' STP BAR

HSS1.66x.140 POST

5/8 Φ BEND ROD 12 #3 X 3'-6'' NOSING

5/8?BENT ROD

3/16

3'-6"

14'-0''

TYP

1/2?ROUND BAR PICKETS @ 4'' MAX/ OPENING (TYP.)

1 1/2''±

6"

8 #5 X 12'-6'' @6'' TI

8

4'' MAX

3/4 TYP

3/16 3'(TYP6'' .)

8#4 X 5K306 @6'' B1 2X1 #5X 3'-8''@6'' T1 2X5 #4X 9'-6''@12' T2 FORMSAVER REFER DWG. 22-2TRCS-01

1/2

8 #5 5K308 @6'' T1

1/2

Zone 2

2''

GROUT SOLID AT EMBED POCKET BY-OTHERS

3'-6'' (TYP.)

#5 5K401 @6'' T1 3'-10"

HSS1.66x.140 RAILS

3 1/4''

HSS 1.66x.140 HANDRAIL

12 #3 X 3'-6'' NOSING

3''

12X5 #3 3NIO6 @12'' STP BAR

1/4

FACE OF CONC.

8 #5 X 12'-6'' @6'' TI

EMB. PLATE SEE ELEV.FOR LOC'N

0'-11" (TYP.)

2X13 #4 X 3'-6'' @12'' T2

0'-6 3/4'' (TYP.)

8 #6 X 11'-6'' @6''B1

CONCRETE STAIR

0'-10'' (TYP.)

Stair Pressurization Shafts

Tank Room Cast in Place Stairs Typical Section

Typical Rail Section

Fire Pump Room

HSS1.66x.140 TOP RAIL 3 1/4''

HSS1.66x.140 HANDRAIL

3'-8"

5 1/4''

SEE TYPICAL STAIR/TREAD DETAIL

3''

2 3/4''

3'-0''

3'-0''

11''

3'-6''

SEE PLTF/LIFTING DETAIL

HSS1.66x.140 BOLT.RAIL

1/2

3''

3'-6''

HSS1.660X0.134 TYP MC 12X10.6 TYP.

2'-11 3/4''

This seminar focuses on super-tall building typology. And throughout the semester, the class takes an analytical approach by dissecting individual building components and their interrelationships to each other to build a comprehensive understanding of how super-tall building behave.

The analysis of the building typology will primarily focuses on the life safety and core elements of the assigned building. A more detailed categorization will include occupancy group and egress stair capacity analysis, a study of typical staircases details and the photoluminscent egress markings. Also there will be a comprehensive analysis of the building core elements in the form of axonometric drawing.

3'-6''

8 #5 5K308 @6'' T1

3'-0''

#5 5K401 @6'' T1 3'-10"

2 1/2''

Stair Pressurization Relief

Cast in Place Stair

Spring 2021 Super Tall Instructor: Nicole Dosso Individual Work

5 228

3'-0"

Super Tall

Use of Space

SEE TYPICAL POST CONN.DETAIL DRYWALL SHAFTWALL

LIFTING LUG TYP.

2"

MC12X10.6 STRINGER L4X3X3/8 X 4''LG GOL=2 1/2 W/ 1/2 WIK BOLTS EXP. ANCHOR 3 1/2 EMBED.MIN. TORQUE TO 40 FT-LBS

3''

CBX11/5 HEADER 3'-10'' NTS

Metal Pan Stairs Typical Section

Typical Rail Section

Zone 1

Photoluminscent Egress Markings Metal Pan Stair SIGN CENTERED WITH DOOR

Stair Pressurization Shafts

18'' MAX*

18'' MAX*

18'' MAX*

6'' MAX

XAM ''6

6'' MAX

Door-Mounted Option

Wall-Mounted Option

' 1/2'

X** MIN

MA

0''

PHOTOLUMINESCENT STRIPE

Generator Flue Exhaust X* IN

A 'M 0' ' M 0'

HANDRAIL MARKING (2.2.3)

Base Building Generator

MIN ** 1'' MAX 2''

FLOOR MOUNTED PERIMETER DEMARCATION LINE (2.2.4.1)

Air Exhaust

S

A E L OS AB IC

MIN ** 1'' AX M 2''

Supply and Return for Lobby Air Intake

Fuel Oil Tank Room

Fire Pump Room

Horizontal Leading Edge of Step

E

CL T AS AC PR

Pressurization Fan

AS TH EP WID N ST ME O ED US

S

SA

PHOTOLUMINESCENT STRIPE

SA US ME ED DIM ON EN ST SIO EP NS S O AS R 0''

**

MIN AX 0'' '' M 2

MIN X** 0'' MA 2''

AS TH EPS ID W ST ME ON SA D USE

Leading Edge of Landing

PH OT 1'' CE OL MI NT UM N ST IN RI ES PE

AS CLOS E AS PRAC TICAB 4'' MAX LE

AS CLOSE AS PRACTICABLE

Fire Department Connection at Grade

43

Handrails

44

Program Diagram

Re-Design Your Sewoon Intervention Fall 2020 Difference and Design Instructor: Justin Moore Team Member: You Jin Hwang

Sewoon Shopping Center is the Korea’s first residential and commercial complex mega structures with a total length of about 1km, including 8 buildings from different 8 development companies, which were built from 1967 to 1972. Sewoon, which means “a place where all the energy of the world gathers,” was established as a shopping mall and a luxury apartment with everything that could be seen and heard in Seoul except for rice and briquettes shops, especially as a specialized shopping mall for consumer electronics in the 70s and 80s and 90s, computers and electronic components. However, as the Gangnam area started its development in late 1970s, Sewoon Shopping Center gradually lost its popularity and many of the storefronts and shopping areas became abandoned.

This project, taking the advantage of the existing commercial activities of computers and electronic components, aims to utilize and recycle the wastes produced from those industries as a means of creating new public realms and attractions to bring people back to the abandoned shopping mall and revitalize the previous landmark of Seoul.

Prefabricated Module Variation

Activity

Starting Prefabricated Module

Single Object

S

M

L

Multiply Connection Board

Expectation S

M

L

Mix

Vision

Small Group Gathering

Small Group Gathering

Pavilion - Community Space Open Market

45

46