DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. Is the potential to do good enough of an attraction for conglomerates to make investments in lesser-explored areas? 2. How can learning be ensured at home when children are needed to contribute to housework and income?
“The Future of Syria: The Challenge of Education.” United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2013, www.unhcr.org/ FutureOfSyria/the-challenge-of-education.html. 2 Karasapan, Omer, and Sajjad Shah. “Syrian Refugees and the Schooling Challenge.” Brookings, 23 Oct. 2018, www.brookings.edu/ blog/future-development/2018/10/23/syrian-refugees-and-theschooling-challenge. 3 “Tabshoura.” Tabshoura, www.tabshoura.com. 4 Lochner, Lance, and Enrico Moretti. “The Effect of Education on Crime: Evidence from Prison Inmates, Arrests, and SelfReports.” American Economic Review, 2004, www.aeaweb.org/ articles?id=10.1257%2F000282804322970751. 5 Thyne, Clayton. “ABC’s, 123’s, and the Golden Rule: The Pacifying Effect of Education on Civil War, 1980–1999.” International Studies Quarterly, vol. 50, no. 4, Dec. 2006, pp. 733-754, doi:10.1111/j.14682478.2006.00423.x. 6 Siegel, Harvey, et al. “Philosophy of Education.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 7 Oct. 2018, plato.stanford.edu/entries/educationphilosophy/#AreaContActi. 7 Van Esveld, Bill. Personal Interview. 1 April 2020. 8 “Documents: Field Needs Assessment for Middle School.” Lebanese Alternative Learning, 2017, lal.ngo. 9 Ibid. 10 “Supporting the Future of Syria and the Region.” Council of the European Union, 2018, www.consilium.europa.eu/media/34145/ lebanon-partnership-paper.pdf. 11 Ibid. 12 Rau, Simon. “Following the Money: Lack of Transparency in Donor Funding for Syrian Refugee Education.” Human Rights Watch, 30 Jan. 2019, www.hrw.org/report/2017/09/14/following-money/lacktransparency-donor-funding-syrian-refugee-education. 13 “Lebanon.” UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 12 Apr. 2017, uis.unesco. org/en/country/lb. 14 “HP, the Clooney Foundation for Justice, UNICEF and Google. org Shine Spotlight on Education.” Hewlett-Packard, 2018, press. ext.hp.com/us/en/press-releases/2018/hp-launched-new-filmhighlighting-results-of-education-partnership.html. 15 “Clooney Foundation for Justice.” UNICEF, 2018, www.unicefusa. org/clooney-foundation-justice. 16 “Lebanon Schools Map.” Clooney Foundation for Justice, 2018, cfj.org/ lebanon-schools-map. 17 “More Than One-Half of Children and Adolescents Are Not Learning Worldwide.” UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2015, uis.unesco.org/ sites/default/files/documents/fs46-more-than-half-children-notlearning-en-2017.pdf. 1
“SDG Indicators.” United Nations, 2018, unstats.un.org/sdgs/ indicators/database. 19 Ibid. 20 “$3B Global EdTech Venture Capital for Q1 2020.” HolonIQ, 9 Apr. 2020, www.holoniq.com/notes/3b-global-edtech-venture-capitalfor-q1-2020. 21 “Lebanese Alternative Learning.” Lebanese Alternative Learning, 2020, lal.ngo. 22 “Tabshoura.” Tabshoura, www.tabshoura.com. 23 “About Us.” CRDP, 2020, www.crdp.org/en. 24 “Outstanding Initiatives Bringing Digital Tech Opportunities to Women in Lebanon, Afghanistan and Costa Rica Win at 2017 EQUALS in Tech Awards.” Equals, 20 Dec. 2017, www.equals.org/ single-post/2017/12/19/Outstanding-initiatives-bringing-digitaltech-opportunities-to-women-in-Lebanon-Afghanistan-and-CostaRica-win-at-2017-EQUALS-in-Tech-Awards. 25 “Tabshoura in a Box.” World Innovation Summit for Education, 2017, www.wise-qatar.org/project/tabshoura-in-a-box. 26 “Offline: The Tabshoura/Rapsberry Pi Box.” Lebanese Alternative Learning, lal.ngo/index.php/offline-the-tabshoura-box. 27 “What Is MoodleBox?” MoodleBox, 2020, moodlebox.net/en/whatis-moodlebox. 28 “Lebanese Alternative Learning.” 29 Jones, Rory. “Amazon Targets Middle East with Arabic Website.” The Wall Street Journal, 2 May 2019, www.wsj.com/articles/amazontargets-middle-east-with-arabic-website-11556725584. 30 Ibid. 31 Boxshall, Richard, et al. “Five Economic Trends to Watch in the Gulf in 2019.” PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2019, www.pwc.com/m1/en/blog/ five-economic-trends-gulf-2019.html. 32 Hudgins, Chris, and Katie Arcieri. “Amazon in the Middle East: Leveraging a Lucrative Growth Opportunity.” S&P Global Market Intelligence, 30 Sep. 2019, www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/ en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/53777666. 33 London, Simon. “Where next for Business in the Middle East?” McKinsey & Company, 2019, www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/ middle-east-and-africa/where-next-for-business-in-the-middleeast. 34 “About Amazon FreeTime Unlimited on Fire Tablet.” Amazon, www. amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=201589300. 35 “AWS Educate.” Amazon Web Services, www.awseducate.com. 36 “What Is MoodleBox?” Photo Credits: Russell Watkins/Wikimedia Commons—page 18 Russell Watkins/Wikimedia Commons—page 20 18
EDTECH FOR SYRIA / 23