5.6 LEGAL FORMS OF ASSOCIATION PERMITTED IN EACH COUNTRY Table 67 Legal forms of association permitted in each country, (Architecture) Region
Country
Partnership
Limited Liability Company
Botswana
Y
Y
-
Gambia, The
N
N
-
Ghana
N
N
-
Kenya
Y
Y
-
Mauritius
Y
Y
a freelance architect registered on the personal name at the Companies Division (Registrar of Companies) and under the Mauritius Revenue Authority (MRA); still it is mandatory to have a professional liability insurance, and in any case, the Mauritian Civil Code is applicable in every scenario (meaning that the architect is personally accountable for a period of 10 years)
Namibia
Y
N
Ltd. Pty. but just between Architects.
Nigeria
Y
Y
-
Rwanda
Y
Y
sole practitioners
South Africa
Y
Y
Sole Practitioner/ Close Corporation/ Incorporated Company/ Business Trust
Uganda
Y
Y
-
Zambia
Y
Y
Partnership of a Foreign Architectural Firm and Local Firm
Bangladesh
Y
Y
-
India
Y
N
Not Applicable
Malaysia
Y
Y
-
Pakistan
Y
Y
Sole Proprietorship
Singapore
Y
Y
-
Sri Lanka
Y
Y
Individual practitioners - Practice of Architecture on an individual basis. Sole proprietorship practitioners - Practice of Architecture on an individual basis and has obtained a business registration. Government Bodies - Practice of Architecture in a statutory body if such Statutory Body is authorized to practice Architecture by that statute.
Antigua and Barbuda
Y
Y
Sole Practitioners
Canada
Y
Y
Sole proprietorship, Partnership of corporations, Joint venture partnerships
Dominica
Y
Y
Trinidad and Tobago
Y
Y
Sole proprietorship
Cyprus
Y
Y
Sole practitioner
Malta
Y
N
A limited liability company can offer architectural services provided the professional is identified.
United Kingdom
Y
Y
Sole Trader; PLC; Limited Liability Partnership; Limited Company; Employees Ownership Trusts are also an increasingly popular model
Hong Kong SAR
Y
Y
Sole Proprietor
Australia
Y
Y
sole trader/practitioner, multi�disciplinary firms, trust structures
Fiji
Y
Y
New Zealand
Y
Y
Africa
Asia
Caribbean and Americas
Europe
Other
Pacific
92
Other legal formations
Joint venture, Alliance
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