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xfd|f] lardf ePsf o:tf unt ljrf/ / Jojxf/n] v|Li6sf] wfld{stfnfO{ cf]em]ndf kfg{] sfd u¥of] / w]/} dflg;x¿ d'vn] dfq k|e' k|e' eGg] eP . oLg} x[bosf ljleGg æk|e'Æx¿sf] klxrfg ug{–u/fpg / To;} sf] vf]hLdf x'g]x¿nfO{ ;r]t u/fpg] sfddf jf:tf ePg .

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;tfj6 ef]Ug'k/]df s] xf]nf < s] ;a} ljZjf;Lx¿ v|Li6sf] lglDt alnbfg x'gnfO{ tof/ xf]nfg\ < e'm6f lzIffsf AjfF;f]x¿nfO{ cfk\mgf] ;]jf Odfgbfl/tf, ;Totf, z'4tf, / v|Li6df ;fFrf] ljZjf;df cfwfl/t ePsf] 7fGb} e]8fsf] e]if wf/0f ug{ ux|f] ePg . sf/0f xfdLdf ePsf sdhf]/Lx¿sf] sf/0f d08nL leq}af6 e'm6f lzIffx¿ ;'? eP/ o;n] a9\g] / df}nfpg] jftfj/0f kfof] -@ sf]= !!M!#–!%_ . jf:tljs k|e', hLjgsf] jf ;]jfsfO{sf] dflns v|Li6 geO{ ;a}sf] km/s–km/s x'g uPsf]n] g} cu'jfx¿ tyf d08nL ;Dk|bfox¿ aLrsf] Pstf vf]nfsf] b'O{ lsgf/ h:tf] x'g uPsf] b]lvG5 . v|Li6sf] wfld{stfdf t Ps} b]lvg' jf x'g'kg]{ xf] -Plkm;L $M$–^_ t/ rl/qdf Ps–csf{sf] la/f]w ul//xg] k|j[ltn] ;fRr} æk|f]6]:6]08Æ eg]sf] la/f]w ug]{x¿ g} xf] eg] h:t} e}/x]sf] 5 . o;y{ e'm6f] lzIffx¿;Fu eGbf klg klxnf xfdL leqsf ljleGg k|e'x¿;Fu 8/fpg' kg]{ b]lvG5 . oL k|e'x¿sf] ;]jf / cf/fwgfn] v|Li6sf] wfld{stf cf]e]mndf kg{] dfq xf]Og, d08nLnfO{ k'm6fpg' ;fy} d08nLnfO{ v|Li6sf] ;';dfrf/b]lv cnu ug]{ vt/f 5 . xfd|f x[bosf] l;+xf;gdf o]z" v|Li6 /fh u/] kl5 h:t} xfd|f c+uk|ToËn] pxfFsf] cf1f kfng u/] kl5 dfq wfld{stfsf] kmn kmNg ;S5 / k/d]Zj/sf] /fHo a[l4 x'g;S5 . of] ;Dej klg 5 . ;+;f/ / z/L/d} eP/ lktfsf] OR5f k'/f ug{ hLpg' kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ k"0f{?kdf cflTds lgodnfO{ ljsl;t ug{ v|Li6 :j+dn] klg ;+;f/ / z/L/df -dQL #M!%_ Joj:yf kfng ug'{eof] . z}tfg;Fusf] kl/Iffdf o]z" jrgd} /x]/ ljhoL x'g'eof] / cGTodf d[To";Dd} cf1fsf/L x'g' eP/ dlxldt z/L/df af}l/ p7\g'eof] . k/d]Zj/sf] /fHo / wfld{stfsf] nflu jrgsf] ;Totfcg';f/ hLjg lhpg'nfO{ pxfFn] 7"nf] dxTj lbg'ePsf] 5 -dQL %M!*–@), &M@!–@#, o"xGgf !$M@#–@$_ . o;sf] cfjZostf / dxTjnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg o]z"n] jrgcg';f/ lhjg lhpg]x¿sf] lglDt kljq cfTdf lzIfs tyf ;Nnfxsf/sf] ?kdf k7fO{ lbg'ePsf] 5 -o"xGgf !$M!%–!&, !%M@^_ . kljq cfTdfsf] lgb]{zg / lgoddf /xg z/L/nfO{ tflnd lbFb} v|Li6df s]lGb|t x'g] k/Dk/f d08nLsf] ;'?jftb]lv g} lyof] . d08nLnfO{ cf/De b]lvg} e'm6f] lzIffaf6 cnu x'g / jrg d'tfljs ;+;f/ / z/L/sf] OR5f / clenfiffnfO{ TofuL kljq cfTdfsf] lgb]{zg / lgoGq0fdf /xg O{ltxf;df ljleGg cflTds cg'zf;g / k/Dk/fsf] ljsf; ePsf] lyof] . o:t} cflTds cg'zf;gsf] sf/0f ljleGg ;Í6sfndf klg d08nL cfkm\gf] cl:tTjdf /xg ;Sof] . kl5Nnf] ;do ljslzt ePsf v|Li6 s]lGb|t afOanLo cflTds tyf d08nL cg'zf;gsf] lzIffx¿af6 g]kfnL d08nLx¿n] l;Sg'k5{ . o:tf cflTds cg'zf;gx¿sf] cWoog, dgg\ / logLx¿sf] lg/Gt/ cEof;åf/f v|Li6df cf1fsf/L d08nL x'g] s'/fx¿af6 g]kfnL d08nLx¿ 6f8f x'Fbf d08nL sdhf]/ aGguof] . x[bosf k|e'x¿af6 cfk}mnfO{ cnu u/L jrgsf] zlQmdf x[bonfO{ v|Li6df s]lGb|t u/fpg] cflTds cg'zf;gsf] lg/Gt/ cEof;åf/f k|f0f, cfTdf / z/L/nfO{ tflnd lbP/ ljZjf;sf] hu alnof] agfpg ;lsG5 . o; lsl;dsf] cflTds cg'zf;gsf] k|lqmofåf/f cg'zfl;t eO{ k|fKt jrgsf] k|sfzdf e'm6f] lzIffsf] ;fdgf ug]{ / pgLx¿nfO{ klg k|e'df lhTg ;Sg] x}l;ot casf] d08nLx¿n] /fVg;Sg] x'g'k/]sf] 5 . cGtdf ev{/} l;of]g d08nLdf nfdf] ;dob]lv ;]jssf] ?kdf sfo{/t O6x/Lsf] sfsL{ bDkltn] ;fdflhs ;~hfnåf/f ;fj{hlgs ?kdf o; d08nLsf] lelq ?knfO{ pbfËf] agfO{ lbO{Psf 5g\ . e|dfTds lzIffåf/f 8/sf] dfxf]n agfO{ ;f]emf, l;wf, u/La dflg;x¿nfO{ zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s tyf cflTds oftgf lbP/ cfk\mgf] lgoGq0fdf /fVg] ljb]zL cleofgstf{x¿ la¿4 g]kfnL d08nLx¿n] s]xL ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . unt lzIffsf] 8/ / wDsLaf6 lkl8t sfsL{ bDklt Ps pbfx/0f kfq x'g\ . oL bDklt h:t} cGo lkl8t JolQmx¿ xhf/f}F 5g\ . ca v|Li6sf] k|]ddf ltgLx¿sf] p4f/ u/L ;'/Iff lbg g]kfnL d08nLx¿n] /0fgLlts lx;fan] ;Ifdtfsf] ;fy c;n l5d]sLsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 .