k|frLg d)*nL / e'm^f] lzIff

k|frLg d08nL / e'm6f] lzIff

– ;Gtf]if s'dfn

v|Lli6o d08nLsf] cf/Deb]lv jt{dfg ;do;Dd d08nLx¿ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf, k"0f{ jf cf+lzs, 1ft÷c1ft e'm6f] lzIffsf] k|efjdf kl//x]sf 5g\ . zfob lj/n} xf]nfg\ e'm6f] lzIffaf6 k|efljt gePsf d08nLx¿ . cu'jfx¿ klg lj/n} xf]nfg\ o;af6 k|efljt / hfgsf/ gePsf . o;y{ oxfF k|Zg p7\5 ls lsg o;sf] bL3{sfnLg lg/fs/0f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g < d08nL sxfF r'ls/x]sf] 5 < e'm6f]] lzIffsf] d"n h8 sxfF ufl8Psf] 5 < d08nLn] o;af6 cnu /xg s:tf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ul//x]sf] 5 < h:tf ;jfnx¿ cfh xfd|f dfg; k6ndf p7\g' :jfefljs g} xf] . e'm6f] lzIffsf] ;Gb{edf o]z" cfkm}n] klg :ki6 wf/0ff /fVg' ePsf] 5 . cGTosf lbgsf lrGxx¿sf] laifodf l;sfpFbf o]z'n] eGg'eof] æxf]lzof/ /xf], s;}n] ltdLx¿nfO{ e|ddf gkf/f];\ lsgeg] w]/} hgf d]/f] gfpFdf …d v|Li6 x'FÚ eGb} cfpg]5g\, / w]/}nfO{ axsfpg] 5g\Æ -dQL @$M$–%_ . o;y{ clu|d r]tfjgL afOann] lbO{;s]sf] sf/0f e'm6f] lzIffsf] af/]df k'gM rrf{ kl/rrf{ ubf{ of] laifo zfob sd} JolQmsf] dfq rf;f] jf ?lrsf] ljifo x'g;S5 . d08nLn] klg o;sf] uDeL/tfnfO{ ;xh?kd} lnPsf] x'g;S5 t/ of] hlt ;/n b]lvG5 plQs} hl6n / uDeL/ ;d:ofsf] ?kdf d08nLdf k|j]z u/]sf] kfO{G5 . e'm6f] lzIffn] d08nLsf] ;'Gb/tf, kljqtf, wfld{stf, Pstf, ;b\efj, eft[k|]d h:tf pRr rl/qdf g} sn+s nufO{ lbPsf] 5 . cem g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df x]bf{, d08nLdf ljleGg k|sf/sf k|nf]egx¿ b]vfO{ v|Li6sf] abgfd, ;fdflhs cGof}ntf, wfld{s lj;+ult, cfk;L 3[0ff h:tf ;fdflhs ;b\efjnfO{ g} vn\aNofpg] ljs[t tTjsf] ?kdf o;sf] j[l4 / lj:tf/ eO{/x]sf] kfO{G5 . wfld{s ;lxi0f'tfsf] cEof;dfly g} cfz+sf k}bf ul/lbPsf] 5 .

e'm6f] lzIffsf] k|efjdf s]jn vLli6o d08nLx¿ dfq gk/]/ l;+uf] /fi6« g]kfnnfO{ g]t[Tj k|bfg ug]{, g]t[Tj ju{ ;fy} jf}l4s hdft klg o;sf] b'irqmaf6 cnu x'g;s]g . o;sf/0f o:tf] e|dfTds lzIffsf] ckljq k|efjsf] lardf klg v|Li6sf] b'nxL -d08nL_ n] s;/L cfˆgf] kljqtf sfod ub}{ cfˆgf] b'nxf -v|Li6_ sf] cfudg gx'Gh]n w}o{tf / b[9tf;fy lg/Gt/ ljZjf;sf] sbd rfNb} cufl8 a9\g ;S5 eGg] ljifodf ;f]Rg' cfjZos b]lvG5 . olb g]kfnL v|Lli6o d08nLx¿ o;sf] s'–k|efjaf6 ;hs / ;ts{ x'g] xf] eg], e'm6f] lzIffsf] d08nLdf k|j]z x'g] sf/0fx¿sf] 1fg x'g h?/L 5 . ;fy} d08nLn] v]Ng' kg]{ e"ldsf klg ckl/xfo{ g} 5 .

e'm6f] lzIff k|j]z x'g'sf sf/0fx¿M

!= k|e' o]z"sf] lzIffnfO{ r]nfx¿n] klg nfdf] ;do;Dd a'em\g ;s]sf lyPgg\ -n'sf !*M#!–#$_ / w]/} h;f] wd{zfl:qo ;Totfx¿sf] k"0f{?kdf JoVof geO;s]sf] cj:yfsf] sf/0fn] . @= v/fa sfdaf6 k|fKt x'g] nfesf] sf/0f c;To s'/fnfO{ dg k/fpg] JolQm jf ;d"x -@ kq'; @M!%_ . #= kljq cf1f hfgLsg klg kl5 x6\g' jf c;Tos} kl5 nfUg'5 -@ kq'; @M@!_ . $= ckf]:6f]lns lktfx¿ (Apostolic Fathers) n] n]v]sf k':tsx¿df afOansf] ;TotfnfO{ cem}

ulxl/P/ / ;'Id cjnf]sg u/L n]v]sf lyPgg\ . %= ckf]:6f]lns lktfx¿ (Apostolic Fathers) sf v|Lli6og wf/0ff clt g} ;/n lyP . ^= o]z" v|Li6 s]jn Ps ;To k/d]Zj/sf] 1fgnfO{ k|s6 ug]{ Ps pRr lgod / s8f g}ltstfsf] pb\3f]if0f ug]{ JolQmsf] ¿kdf ljrf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . hf] ck"0f{ lzIffsf] ?kdf d08nLdf k|j]z eof] . &= ha v|Lli6ogx¿nfO{ d"lt{k"hsx¿4f/f cfs|d0f / ;tfj6 eof], ltgLx¿n] v|Lli6ogx¿sf] lzIffnfO{ unt agfP/ ;'gfP / d08nLnfO{ l:jsf/ ug{ s/} nfUof] . *= ;]N;;\ (Celsus) eGg] JolQm Ps d"lt{k"hs lyP . pgL v|Lli6og lzIff;Fu klg /fd|/L kl/lrt lyP h;n] v|Lli6og lj¿4 æPs ;fFrf] jftf{nfkÆ (A

True Discourse, in 177A.D.) eGg] k':ts n]v] . h;n] e'm6f] lzIff k|j]z x'gnfO{ ;xfotf ldNof] . (= o]z" v|Li6 ;+;f/df dflg;sf] ¿kdf slxNo} af; ug'{ ePg eGg] ;d"x gf]li6l;hd (Gnosticism) sf] lzIff unt eP tfklg d08nLnfO{ yfxf geP/ o;n] k|j]z kfof] . !)= o]z"n] k|lt1f ug'{ ePsf] kljq cfTdf k]lGtsf];sf] lbgdf k'/f ePsf] lyPg egL unt a'em\g] ;d"x df]G6flghd (Montanism) sf] lzIffsf] k|efjdf d08nL e|ddf k¥of] . !!= dfsf]{g (Marcion) hf] gf]:6Ls (Gnostic) e'm6f] lzIffsf] k|rf/ ug]{ Ps JolQm lyP, h;n] ;fdflhs ;]jfsf] gfpFdf nfvf}F ;Dkltsf] ;xof]u u/L e'm6f] lzIff gf]l:6l;hd (Gnosticism) nfO{ km}nfPsf lyP / w]/} cg'ofoLx¿ agfpg ;kmn ePsf lyP . !@= d08nLn] o]z" v|Li6sf] JolQmTj -dflg; / k/d]Zj/_ eGg] s'/f :ki6;Fu a'em\g ;s]sf] lyPg, h;sf] sf/0f e'm6f] lzIff Pl/oflghd (Arianism) sf] ;'?jft eO{ d08nLdf k|j]z eof] .

d08nLsf] e"ldsfM

!= ha v|Lli6ogx¿sf] af/]df e'm6f] k|rf/ ul/of] ta v|Lli6og ljZjf;nfO{ alnof] agfpg h:6Lg df6{/ (Justin Martyr) n] Pp6f k|l;4 k':ts

Pkf]nf]hL (Apology) n]v] . h;n] v|Lli6og ljZjf;sf] hunfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg ;xfotf u¥of] . @= ha ;]N;; (Celsus) eGg] JolQmsf] lzIffn] &) jif{;Dd gsf/fTds k|efj kf¥of], To;sf] k|ltpQ/df cf]l/u]g (Origen) d08nLsf lktfn] ;]N;;sf] lj/f]w "Against Celsus" eGg] k':ts n]vL d08nLnfO{ ;t{stf ckgfpg ;xfotf k'¥ofP . #= e'm6f] lzIfs dfsf]{g (Marcion) ;+usf] k|ToIf e]6df d08nLsf lktf kf]lnsfk{ (Polycarp) n] “d hfGb5' ltdL z}tfgaf6 cfPsf] klxnf]

JolQmTj xf]” eg]/ hjfkm lbPsf lyP . o;/L e'm6f] lzIfsnfO{ 7f8} OGsf/ u/L lg?T;flxt ug]{ sfd ePsf] lyof] . $= d08nLsf lktfx¿ (Church Fathers) Ps 7fpFdf e]nf eO{ ulx/f] cWoog, ljrf/– ljdz{ tyf 5nkmn kZrft\, v|Li6sf] JolStTjaf/] 7Ls lgis{if lgsfNb} d08nLnfO{ ;xL lzIfftkm{ 8f]¥ofpg ;xfotf u/]sf lyP . tL JolQmx¿

cfO{/]lgP; (Irenaeus), 66'{lnog (Tertullian), /f]dsf Sn]d]G6 / cf]l/u]g (Clement

of Rome and Origen) k|d'v JolQmx¿ lyP . %= cfO{/]lgo; (Irenaeus) d08nLsf lktfn] ljz]if u/L v|Li6 s]lGb|t afOanLo lzIffdf hf]8 lbPsf lyP . ^= 66'{lnog (Tertullian) d08nLsf lktfn] o]z" v|Li6sf] ;fFrf] lzIffsf] laifodf ;a}eGbf :ki6 / ;+lIfKt wf/0ff JoQm u/L d08nLnfO{ ;xfotf k'¥ofPsf lyP . &= k|]l/tx¿sf] ;f/ v|Lli6og ljZjf;sf] ;fFrf] lzIffsf] ;f/ xf] / ;f]lx cfwf/df cfh klg e'm6f] ;d"xsf] klxrfg ug{ ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . *= e'm6f] ;d"xx¿ gf]:6Ls (Gnostic) / df]G6flg:6 (Montanist) ;Fu d08nLsf] ljjfb x'Fbf To; ;dosf d08nLn] kljq wd{zf:q afOannfO{ dfq 7Ls lzIffsf] cfwf/ ePsf] :jLsf/ u/]sf] lyP .

(= ljleGg d08nLsf k|ltlglwx?sf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf] sfplG;n ckm sG;6]G6Lgf]kn

(Council of Constantinople) n], kljq cfTdf k/d]Zj/ x'g'x'G5 egL 3f]if0ff u/L, lqPs k/d]Zj/sf] lzIffnfO{ k"0f{tf k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] . o; sfo{n] v|Lli6og lzIff (Doctrine) sf] If]qdf :ki6 x'g 7"nf] ;xfotf ldn]sf] lyof] . !)=ljleGg d08nLsf k|ltlglwx¿ ePsf] sfplG;n

ckm rfN;]8f]g (The council of Chalcedon) n] o]z"df b'O{ :jefj -dfgj / O{Zj/Lo_ 5g\ eg]/ 3f]if0ff u/L, b'j} :jefj Pp6} JolQm o]z" v|Li6df s'g} cGof}ntf ljgf /xL cfPsf 5g\ egL 3f]if0ff u¥of] . o; lzIffn] o]z"sf] JolQmTjnfO{ cem :ki6;Fu a'em\g d08nLnfO{ ;xfotf ldNof] . ctM d08nL Oltxf;nfO{ lgofn]/ x]bf{ e'm6f] lzIffsf] k|efjnfO{ d08nLn] k"0f{ ?kdf lgld6\ofGg kfg{ t ;s]g t/ To:sf] k|efjnfO{ Go'lgs/0f ug{ v]n]sf] e"ldsf ct'ngLo 5 . d08nLn] o:tf] e"ldsf JolQmut tyf ;fd"lxs ?kdf lgjf{x u/]sf] kfO{G5 . d08nLsf lktfx¿ (Church Fathers), h;n] v|Lli6og ljZjf;sf] cfwf/e't ljZjf;sf] ;f/sf ljifox¿df ljleGg k':ts÷n]vx¿ n]v]/ afOansf] lzIffnfO{ a'em\g cem ;/n agfO{ lbP . e'm6f] lzIffsf] k|ltsf/ ug{ ;do–;dodf d08nLsf k|ltlglwx¿ -ljzkx¿_ Pstfa4 eO{ v|Lli6og ;fFrf] l;4fGt (Sound Doctrines) k|ltkfbg ul/ d08nLsf] hunfO{ b[9tf k|bfg u/]sf] kfO{G5 . o;n] v|Li6 / kljq cfTdf ;DalGw wf/0ffx¿ :ki6 eP/ cfPsf 5g, h;n] v|Lli6og ljZjf;nfO{ alnof] cfwf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5, ;fy} d08nLnfO{ kljqtf tkm{ 8f]¥ofPsf] 5 . o;/L e'm6f lzIff k|j]z ePsf] v08df d08nLn] cfˆgf] bfloTjnfO{ cg'zfl;t eO{ k"/f u/]sf] kfpF5f}F . e'm6f] lzIffn] d08nLdf gsf/fTds k|efj t kf¥of] g} t/ o;n] s]xL ;sf/fTds kl/0ffd klg NofPsf] 5 . o;f] eGb} ubf{ e'm6f] lzIffsf] k|efj 7Ls} xf] eGg' d]/f] dg;fo kSs} xf]Og t/ o:tf] k|lts"n kl/l:ylt dfem klg d08nLn] cfˆgf] e"ldsfnfO{ k|efjsf/L 9+uaf6 v]Ng ;S5 eg]/ :ki6 kfg'{ xf] . cfh g]kfnL d08nLx?n] d08nL Oltxf;sf] kl/36gfaf6 s] l;Sg ;S5g\ t < jt{dfg ;dodf e'm6f ;d"xsf] k|efjnfO{ s;/L a'em]sf] 5g\ < cfh g]kfnL d08nLx¿ s:Tff] w/ftndf pleP/ cfˆgf] e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf 5g\ < st} lagf afOanLo cfwf/ of] ;d"x e'm6f] – Tof] ;d"x e'm6f] eg]/ dfq lj/f]w ul//x]sf kf] 5g\ ls < e'm6f ;d"xx¿ v|Li6 lj/f]wL x'g\ / ltgLx?nfO{ cGtsf] lbgsf lrGxsf] ?kdf dfq kf] lnO/x]sf 5g\ ls < t/ o:tf sfo{x¿ ;fFrf] v|Li6sf] d08nLnfO{ sbflk ;'xfpFb}g . ´'6f lzIffx¿sf] lj/f]w u/]/ d08nLn] ;do v]/ kmfNg'eGbf a? hlt ;Sbf] d08nLn] cfˆgf] ljZjf;Lx¿nfO{ afOanLo lzIff lbO{ ljZjf;df b[9 t'Nofpg ;Sg'k5{ . n]Vg] a/bfg ePsfx?n] ;To tYonfO{ a'em]/ tyf cWoog cg';Gwfg u/]/ k':tsx¿ n]vL k|]/0ff lbg ;S5g\ . JolQmut?kdf ;dfwfg ug{ g;lsg] ;d:of ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L lgis{ifdf k'Ug ;lsG5 . olb s'g} ;d"x e'm6f] xf] eg] To:tf ;d"xnfO{ alxis[t ;d"x elg k|ltaGw nufpg] ;+oGq klg v8f ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . t/ s] o:tf sbdx¿ rflnPsf 5g\ t < jf xfdL tL ;d"xx¿sf] lj/f]w dfq ul//x]sf 5fF} < o;f] ul//x]sf 5f}F eg]tf ;+;fl/s b[li6sf]0faf6 v|Lli6og–v|Lli6og lardf eO/x]sf] o'4 h:tf] kf] b]lvG5 . z}tfgnfO{ cem pko'Qm df}sf ldN5 . o;sf/0f o; k|sf/sf lj/f]w ug]{ tl/sfx¿ ;d:ofsf] d"n ;dfwfg kSs} klg xf]Og . o; s'/fdf d08nLn] ;f]Rg} k5{, xf]Og eg] v|Lli6og tyf cv|Lli6ogx¿ e|ddf kg]{5g\ . ;To c;To klxrfg ug{ sl7g x'g]5 . ;do xF'b} o;sf] ;dfwfg u/f}F / ;fFrf] ?kdf v|Li6sf] /fHonfO{ lj:tf/ u/fF} . d08nLnfO{ z'4, kljq / l;4 b'nxLsf] ?kdf ;';lHht t'Nofcf}F lsgls xfd|f] k|e' o]z" rfF8} cfpFb} x'g'x'G5 . afOann] eGb5, æxf]lzof/ /xf], h'g s'/fsf] lglDt ltdLx¿ sfd ul//x]sf 5f}, Tof] u'dfpg] xf]Og t/ k"/f Ogfd kfpg] xf]cf] .Æ -@ o"xGgf *_ . -of] n]vsf d'Vo a'bfx¿ B.K Kuiper sf] “The Church in History” eGg] k':tsaf6 ;ef/ ul/Psf] xf] . _