Photos by Ada Bucur, edited Yujin Choi
JULY 2022
We are people, not numbers. #STOPAGEISM BY ADA BUCUR, YUJIN CHOI
No. 1
I am 58
Photos by Ada Bucur, edited Yujin Choi
“I’m a person, not a number.”
2 2
I am 62 “I’m a person, not a number.”
I am 30 “I’m a person, not a number.”
I am 23 “I’m a person, not a number.”
Portraits. The authors of the campaign #stopageism, Yujin (top left) and Ada (bottom right) decided to use their portraits and those of their life partners to highlight the fact that age is a number that should not define us as human beings. 3 3
CONTENT
04
#STOPAGEISM A CAMPAIGN THAT DEEPS DEEP INTO THE PREJUDICE WE HAVE ABOUT OTHERS AND OURSELVES.
38
A UKRAINIAN REFUGEE’S FIGHT TO SAVE THE FAMILY SHE LEFT BEHIND.
40
WHY YOU’LL NEED TO GET COVID-19 BOOSTER AGAIN AND AGAIN.
29
34
WE ARE ENTERING AN ERA NOT JUST OF UNSAFE ABORTIONS BUT OF THE WISPREAD CRIMINALIZATION OF PREGNANCY.
THE CHANGING LANDSCAPE OF GLOBAL LGBTQ+ RIGHTS.
45
50
CLIMATE EXPERTS ARE TESTING NEW WAYS TO REACH THE PEOPLE MOST AFFECTED BY EXTREME HEAT.
LET’S TALK ABOUT GUNS IN AMERICA. TESTIMONIALS.
Photos by Ada Bucur, edited Yujin Choi
WE ARE PEOPLE, NOT NUMBERS.
WWW.BCHRC.NET
CAMPAIGN?
WHY THIS
There are many people who know nothing about AGEISM, al-
campaign, we have two slogans: “You are not a number”; and “We
though it is very likely that they have already experienced this kind
are people, not numbers” (page 2)
of discrimination based on age. And they are very likely to have
2. Photos of our hands (because the hands are often an indica-
felt hurt and confused, and unable to define what has happened to
tor of biological age) – edited in a food packaging with a price. For
them. This idea made us start thinking about developing a social
this part, we used a slogan: “Age is not an expiration date. You are
campaign: in order to inform people about AGEISM and to show
not a product”. (page 25)
them that it can do as much harm as any other kind of discrimina-
3. A short movie that highlights the absurdity of the questions
tion. We did this project in the second year of the graphic design
that are asked to people of different ages. Title: “How old are you?
program at Vancouver Community College where we were col-
Subtitles: “Ageism hurts all people” and ”Let’s put an end to ste-
leagues. Even before we started our research, we realized that our
reotypes about aging. (page 18)
perspective on this topic was somewhat distinct (particular) be-
4. A short animation movie with a character who goes through
cause of the age difference between us, the countries we grew up
various stages of life and does things that contradict their age
in, and the cultural and social influences that had given us different
according to social conventions. Title: “STOP AGEISM”. Slogan:
life experiences. We considered these “contrasts” between us as a
“Age doesn’t define you.” (page 20)
plus to develop this campaign together. The focus of the campaign is to show that each of us has been,
5. A poem: “We are people, not numbers”. (page 22) To emphasize how important this topic is to society as a whole,
is or will probably be the subject of this kind of discrimination. We
we used statistics and articles from the Global Report on Ageism,
wanted people to be aware of what means to be discriminated
conducted by the World Health Organization in 2021.
against based on age because nobody can fight against something that they don’t know about. The campaign we called #STOPAGEISM has five parts: 1. Portraits of us and our life partners – one of the concepts
We hope that our efforts to build this campaign will result in a deeper social awareness of age discrimination because ”We are people, not numbers”. We want to thank all those who supported us in carrying out this
was to put randomly chosen ages, but which are in discrepancy
campaign: our instructor Janet Mc Donald from VCC and our
with the biological age shown by our faces. For this part of the
families.
Ada & Yujin 7
DEFINING AGEISM Age is one of the first characteristics – along with sex and race – that we notice
nomenon that the World Health Organi-
about other people when we interact with
zation (WHO) defines as the stereotypes,
them. Ageism ariseswhen age is used to
prejudice and discrimination directed
ca tegorize and divide people in ways that
towards others or oneself based on age.
lead to harm, disadvantage and injustice-
Ageism has several interrelated aspects:
and erode solidarity across generations. Ageism takes many forms throughout text from the Global Report on Ageism, World Health Organization, 2021
Ageism is a multifaceted social phe-
our lifetime. Imagine being systematically ignored by colleagues and supervisors in the workplace, patronized by your family at home, denied a loan at the bank, insult-
• three dimensions – stereotypes (thoughts) • prejudice (feelings) and discrimination (actions or behaviour) • three levels of manifestation – institutional, interpersonal and self-directed
ed or avoided in the street, accused of
• two forms of expression – explicit
witchcraft, denied access to your property
(conscious) and implicit (unconscious)
or land, or not being offered treatment at a clinic, all simply because of your age. These are examples of how ageism enters our lives, from younger into older age.
8
Designed by Yujin Choi (data from the Global Report on Ageism, World Health Organization, 2021)
Stereotypes are cognitive structures
Prejudice ian emotional reaction or
Discrimination consists of actions,
that store our beliefs and expectations
feeling, either positive or negative, that is
practices or policies that are applied to
about the characteristics of members of
directed towards a person based on their
people on account of their perceived or
social groups, and stereotyping is the pro-
perceived group membership. Prejudice
real membership in some socially salient
cess of applying stereotypic information.
contributes to creating or maintaining hier-
group and that impose some form of dis-
archical status relations between groups.
advantage or advantage on them.
In ageism, the stereotypes that people hold about age can guide the inferences
In the case of ageism, prejudice is directed
In relation to ageism, discrimination
that they make about other people based
towards an individual or a group based on
relates to behaviors that are directed to-
on their age.
perceptions of their age.
wards people based on their age. 9
#STOPAGEISM AGAINST
OLD
PEOPLE
Ageism against older people is pervasive globally. It manifests itself in all key institutions in society. For example, in health and social care, where health care is
text from the Global Report on Ageism, World Health Organization, 2021
sometimes rationed based on age; in the workplace during recruitment, employment and processes of retirement and dismissal; and in the media, where older people are often underrepresented. Globally, at least one in two people hold ageist attitudes towards older adults. Across the countries in the European Social Survey, one in three older people has experienced ageism. Thus, ageism affects billions of people globally – and its spread may be increasing. 10
Vasile Isailă, 83, from Romania You feel hurt when you hear a question like: “What else does this old man want?”
Photo and edited by Ada Bucur
11
THE IMPACT Ageism shortens lives; leads to poorer physical health and worse health behaviours; impedes recovery from disability; results in poorer mental health; exacerbates social isolation and loneliness and reduces the quality of life.
text from the Global Report on Ageism, World Health Organization, 2021
Ageism takes a heavy economic toll on individuals and society, contributing to financial insecurity and poverty and costing society billions of dollars. Ageism has a serious impact on all aspects of health, which is defined by WHO as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Ageism thus constitutes an important, and hitherto neglected, social determinant of health. Evidence of the economic impact of ageism is extremely limited, both for individuals and whole societies. What evidence exists, however, suggests that the economic costs of ageism may be high.
Designed by Ada Bucur (data from the Global Report on Ageism, World Health Organization, 2021) text from the Global Report on Ageism, World Health Organization, 2021
HEALTH IMPACT
ECONOMIC IMPACT
A global systematic review on the impacts of ageism on health
The first study of the economic burden of the health conse-
commissioned for this report, which included 422 studies from 45
quences of ageism on a national economy, conducted in the Unit-
countries, found that in 405 (96%) studies, ageism was associated
ed States, was published in 2020. The study calculated the costs
with worse outcomes in all of the health domains examined. The
of ageism to the United States over 1 year in relation to the eight
association between ageism and health outcomes was strongest
most expensive health conditions for all persons aged 60 years or
for self-directed ageism. The effects of ageism on health are seen
older. The eight health conditions were: cardiovascular disease,
in all parts of the world, have increased over time, and are most
chronic respiratory disease, musculoskeletal disorders, injuries,
likely to impact disadvantaged groups. Furthermore, older people
diabetes mellitus, smoking-related diseases, mental disorders and
with lower levels of education are more likely to experience the
non-communicable diseases. Overall, the study found that in the
health consequences of ageism.
United States, annually one in every seven dollars – or US$ 63
Ageism is also associated with poorer mental health. Some
billion in total – spent on health care for the eight most-expensive
96% (42/44) of the studies that examined the relationship between
conditions was due to ageism. Negative self-perceptions of ageing
ageism and mental health found evidence that ageism influenced
cost US$ 33.7 billion; negative age stereotypes, US$ 28.5 billion;
psychiatric conditions.
and age discrimination, US$ 11.1 billion. c 13
#STOPAGEISM AGAINST YOUNG PEOPLE Ageism against younger populations manifests across a range of institutions including the workplace, the legal system and politics. There is also growing evi-
text from the Global Report on Ageism, World Health Organization, 2021
dence of interpersonal ageism directed against younger adults from population-based studies, which suggest that in Europe it may be more prevalent than interpersonal ageism against older people. The impact of ageism against younger people is still poorly understood. The main determinants of ageism against younger populations include certain personality traits, whether there is contact with other age groups, health status and care dependence, and working in certain professions. 14
Yujin Choi, 26, from South Korea Coauthor of #stopageism campaign
Photo and edited by Ada Bucur
15
THE IMPACT Evidence for the impact of ageism on younger people is extremely limited – only 10 studies were identified – and has produced inconsistent findings.
text from the Global Report on Ageism, World Health Organization, 2021
Ageism may affect health when it intersects with other “-isms”. One study in Brazil, which investigated the impact of different forms of discrimination on mental disorders, showed that ageism on its own was not associated with mental disorders, but it was associated when it co-occurred with racism or classism, or both. The impact of ageism against younger people, particularly the cumulative impact over the life course, is not well understood. The main determinants of ageism against younger people include the personality traits of agreeableness (protective factor) and conscientiousness (risk factor), having contact with other age groups (protective factor), being care dependent or in poor health (risk factors) and working in certain professions or sectors (risk factors).
Designed by Ada Bucur (data from the Global Report on Ageism, World Health Organization, 2021) text from the Global Report on Ageism, World Health Organization, 2021
AGEISM IN THE WORKPLACE
AGEISM IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM
Although no reviews have systematically assessed how ageism
A scoping review of ageism directed towards younger popula-
affects younger populations in the workplace, a recent scoping
tions found that crimes committed by younger offenders elicited
review found increasing evidence that ageism towards this group
greater anger, were perceived to be more serious transgressions
manifests itself most markedly once they are employed, especially
and were considered to deserve more severe punishment than
in terms of pay and benefits. This applies more to younger women
those committed by older offenders. Findings are mixed when the
than younger men, a case of ageism intersecting with sexism.
age of the victim of crime is considered, with some studies show-
Younger workers also report not feeling valued, being subject
ing that transgressions were evaluated more seriously and received
to negative age stereotypes and belittling comments and being
recommendations for more severe punishment when the victim
generally perceived as incompetent because they look young.
was an older adult and others showing no effect of age. A study in
Data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2015, which included nearly 44 000 workers in 35 countries, found that among those employed, age discrimination peaked at the ages of 20 years and again at 59 years. Ageism may also force younger workers out of employment.
the United States found that employers were most likely to win a court case when the employee was younger rather than older. An increasing number of studies have also explored how ageism manifests itself in politics, finding that there is a tendency to doubt, deny or dismiss the voices of youth and children. 17
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THE PRESSURE OF AGE Video. This is a story about stereotypes. A short movie that highlights the absurdity of the questions that are asked to people of different ages. In other words, the way society has created stereotypes according to wich people thing is right to live their lives. by Ada Bucur, Yujin Choi
01:39 18
01:34
00:57
01:04
01:08
01:28
01:14 19
00:07
00:05
#STOPAGEISM Animation. This work is intended to convey the same content as the video. In the animation, the characters act or dress inappropriately for their age, but the purpose of this project is to allow people to naturally accept all of these actions, clothes, and tone of voice. Why not?
by Yujin Choi
00:30 20
00:23
00:10
00:12
00:17
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00:18 21
You’re in front of me. I look at you
You see me in front of you
and you to me.
They only see a number.
We talk together
And it hurts.
and suddenly I remember what someone asks me
You know this pain
not long ago:
You were a number, too
“What are you doing here
Not long ago
at the same table with a young woman?
They asked you:
Why would you want to learn the same things as she learns?”
“Why you’re not married? Why don’t you have children already?”
Indeed: How dare I think I can start again? A new life for me should be just a dream!
No, I didn’t ask you.
Not you… not you asked me
You are in front of me
But others
And I see you
Some, as young as you are
I see your life
Some, as old as me.
And not a number.
22
Photos by Ada Bucur, edited Yujin Choi
We feel the future and the past
You’re We don’t in front denyof that me. everyone has an age
We feel the world distorted
I look but just at the youfact that that age, a number,
So many prejudices
and younot should to dictate me. a way of living our lives.
Dictate so many questions,
We talk together
hurtful questions
andknow wI suddenly that I remember
not just for me or you.
whatknow You someone it, too. asks me
They damage all of us,
not long And we look ago:at each other
Now or later.
“What and decide are you doing here at the that we’ll same fight table against with it. a young woman? Why would Or… in other you words want to learn the same things as she learns?”
We look at this deformed world
we’ll fight for… to be seen
Where all, young and old,
Indeed: as people, How notdare as numbers. I think I can start again?
experiment
A new life for me should be just a dream!
a harsh discrimination Something that it calls
Not you… not you asked me
AGEISM.
by Bucur ButAda others 23
Hands.
The image of a person’s hands can be considered a symbol of the experience gained throughout life. People’s hands show their biological age, as do their eyes. That is why we used this kind of photography in a way that we can shock, bringing the issue of ageism even deeper into everyone’s consciousness.
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AGE IS NOT AN EXPIRATION DATE. YOU ARE NOT A PRODUCT. photos and edited by Ada Bucur
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we need you. support this campaign.
stopageism.org/donatenow
The intent of our campaign is not to criticize people. The focus is to transmit positive energy to those despairing because of their age. We are not aging as a result of society’s stereotypes, we are just growing into ourselves, as persons. YUJIN
Who hasn’t heard the expressions: “You are too young to…”; or “You are too old to…” ? Many times, these expressions are not addressed to us by strangers, but by loved ones, and sometimes we told ourselves. And maybe at that moment we stopped or give up doing what we wanted to do, – something that might have brought us more joy, would have done us well or helped us to be healthier – just because we were too young or too old to do so. This is so sad. ADA