The Price of Desperation | Navigating the Black Market of Organ Trade

PUBLIC SPEAKING & DEBATE | JUNIOR CLASS

THE PRICE OF

DESPERATION NAVIGATING THE BLACK MARKET OF ORGAN TRADE

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Learning Objectives Key Skill: Compelling Introductions This week you will learn to:

Craft emotionally compelling introductions.

Recap of Last Week Skills we learnt last week

1

Speech Building Blocks Introduction, Reasoning and Conclusion

2

Interesting Facts: Ride-hailing How ride-hailing works and what the gig economy is

3

Analysis How ride-hailing can be good for some people and bad for others

SYMBOL OBJECTIVES:

Learn a special skill

Activity time

Key takeaway

THE PRICE OF DESPERATION

WARM UP: Favourite Part of My Body

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Tell Us: Share with us the favourite part of your body and tell us why you can’t do without it by answering the questions below The chosen body part (e.g. eyes, hands, nose) What is it mainly used for? (e.g. see, touch, smell) What’s your favourite purpose for it? (e.g. watch dance videos on tiktok)

Hello everyone, my mouth is the most important part of my body to me.

I use my mouth to speak to my friends and family, and I also use my mouth to eat delicious food. The main reason why it is my favourite body part is that I use it to sing my favourite songs. Singing makes me very happy.

Warm Up Activity: Favourite Part of My Body

Time

5 Mins

Rules Share the favourite part of your body and tell us why you can’t do without it by answering the questions above.

THE PRICE OF DESPERATION

ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION

ORGANS

PA

WHAT IS TRAN

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BREAKING NEWS

S BLACK MARKET FOUND

ART 1

S AN ORGAN NSPLANT?

THE PRICE OF DESPERATION

General Knowledge What is Organ Transplant?

Learning Facts

An organ transplant is transferring a healthy organ from a donor to a recipient with a failing or damaged organ.

We know that some parts of our bodies are important to us because they perform an important function.

There are parts of our bodies that are important to us to keep us alive. Some people need to replace these parts so that they can stay alive and do the things they love.

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Examples:

Heart

Lungs

Liver

Kidneys

Brain

Skin

The Process of Getting an Organ Transplant When do people need an organ transplant?

Accidents Diseases Birth Defects How can they get an organ transplant?

Join a waiting list for organs Wait for donations from those who have died or Wait for living donors to donate some organs (e.g. one of their kidney or a part of their liver) Match with a compatible organ Go through surgery to attach the new organ Does that mean everyone who needs an organ will be saved?

A long waiting list means not everyone who needs an organ will be successful in getting one Organ transplant surgeries have risks and complications Successfully attached organs may be rejected by the recipient’s body

THE PRICE OF DESPERATION

Activity My Personal Organ Pledge

You have been asked by the Ministry of Health about an organ pledge. An organ pledge is a promise to donate your organs upon death.

Prepare a speech to share with everyone about your choice of what to do with your organs upon death, and your reasons for that choice. Your choices are the following: 1. Donate your organs to those on the waitlist 2. Donate your organs only to your friends and family 3. Keep your organs to yourself upon death.

4. Sell your organs for money.

Assumption: Only healthy organs are available for donation/sale

Think of why this choice might be important to you or your family. It does not have to be a ‘correct’ decision, it can be a deeply personal decision such as religion or culture.

Time 5 Mins Preparation

1 Min Speaking

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Rules What you chose does not have to be your personal belief, it can be a choice you are most comfortable speaking about. Your goal is to convey the meaning behind your decision and why that is important to you.

1

3

Donate your organs to those waiting for organ transplants.

Keep your organs to yourself upon death.

2

4

Donate your organs only to your friends and family members.

Sell your organs for money.

THE PRICE OF DESPERATION

1

3

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Donate your organs to those waiting for organ transplants.

Keep your organs to yourself upon death.

2

4

Donate your organs only to your friends and family members.

Sell your organs for money.

Great job!

Now time for feedback Let’s try it again

This time with a different opinion from the one you chose.

Remember to try and improve your speech based on the feedback you got. You can try to be creative in the way you express your thoughts and feelings. You can use some examples if that helps

Time 5 Mins Preparation

1 Min Speaking

Rules Remember to improve your speech based on the feedback you got. You can try to be creative in your thoughts and feelings. You can use some examples if that helps.

THE PRICE OF DESPERATION

Topic Analysis Am I a priority on the Organ Transplant Waiting List?

Criteria for receiving an available organ The Severity of Medical Condition Higher danger of dying Time on the Waitlist First-come-first-serve Bloodtype Match Lesser risk of organ rejection and organ failure Age and Health Dangers of medical procedures and medication

Food for Thought: Jump the Queue!

Do you think younger people should get priority over the elderly for organ transplants?

Do you think those who signed the Organ Pledge should get priority?

Setting up policies and conditions If you represent the government, you might want to plan how you would distribute these life-saving organs

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What options do people have if they cannot get a transplant?

Other than taking medication to help with the illness, 1

Lifestyle Changes Without a healthy functioning organ, some people have to follow a strict diet and get regular exercise to improve the function of some organs and reduce the risk of further damage.

2

Mechanical Devices Mechanical devices, such as ventricular assist devices (VADs), also known as Mechanical Hearts, for the heart or dialysis machines for the kidneys, can be used to temporarily or permanently support the function of a failing organ.

3

[In Trial: Use of Synthetic Organs and Animal Organs] Scientists have been exploring the use of artificial organs or animal organs to help with the organ shortage. Ethical concerns aside, the biggest challenge is the risk of organ rejection. Animal organs and artificial organs are foreign to the human immune system and risk being rejected. There is also the risk of diseases passed from animals to humans.

THE PRICE OF DESPERATION

The Black Market

A black market is a place where people buy and sell things that are not allowed or legal.

Sometimes people sell things like toys, clothes, or electronics on the black market because they are fake or stolen. Other times, people sell things like drugs, guns, or organs on the black market because it is not legal to buy or sell these things.

These are some reasons why people should not buy organs from the Black Market 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Illegal Stolen Organs People cheated into selling organs Extremely High Prices Unsafe Surgeries Unsafe Organs (diseases)

People who buy organs from the black market for transplant are putting their lives at risk. The surgical procedures used may also not meet basic safety standards, which can result in serious complications and even death.

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AGAINST BLACK MARKET

THE PRICE OF DESPERATION

Case Study Kidney for iPhone

"Why do I need two kidneys?

One is enough."

Did you know?

In 2011, a 17-year-old boy Shangkun from China, sold his kidneys in exchange for US$3,273 to purchase an iPad 2 and an iPhone 4.

He underwent illegal surgery in the Hunan province to remove his right kidney after meeting a black-market organ peddler online.

What happened?

Within a few months, he developed an infection in the remaining kidney owing to the unhygienic operation location and the lack of post-operative care. His condition deteriorated and he is now bedridden due to kidney malfunction and requires regular dialysis.

The criminals who were responsible were arrested and jailed.

Thoughts Do you think the government should have allowed Shangkun to sell his kidney if he knew the risks involved and accepted them?

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THE PRICE OF DESPERATION

ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION

ORGANS

PA

CR COM INTRO

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BREAKING NEWS

S BLACK MARKET FOUND

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RAFTING MPELLING ODUCTIONS

THE PRICE OF DESPERATION

Crafting a Compelling Introduction Public Speaking Skill: Captivating Opening

Every introduction should have 3 things to help to hook the audience into caring about the topic you are about to speak about. They are: Background, Relevance and Urgency

Background

Providing some background can help the audience understand the topic and its significance. If you are speaking about a problem, tell the audience how the problem came about and what the problem is like

Urgency

What are the consequences of the problem and why are they severe?

Relevance

Give reasons why this topic (or the problem) is important to the audience. Will they get affected by it or will their family members get affected by it too?

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Example Topic:

We believe that all our organs should be donated to the government upon death.

Background

When people get into major accidents, they might be badly injured and some of their organs may have been damaged. In such situations, they may need a heart or a lung transplant, or if they were burned very badly, they might need a skin transplant. The way to save their lives is to have healthy and good organs that they can use to replace the organs they lost.

Urgency

If the organs are not available in time, the people who need them might die. But right now we do not have enough organs because not everyone donates their organs.

Relevance

Accidents can happen to anyone you may one day need such help too. Let’s do something about this and have everyone donate their organs to the government upon death.

Note: The main purpose of your introduction is to tell the audience that there is a global problem now. We are in a severe shortage of human organs for transplant, and many people are not able to get an organ when they need one.

THE PRICE OF DESPERATION

Activity Minister of Health

You are the Minister of Health. You have been informed that organ donations and pledges are at an all-time low. There is a serious organ shortage in your country and many people will not survive long enough for their turn on the waitlist.

You will now go on national television to encourage everyone to pledge their organs.

Prepare a speech to 1.

Inform the public of the health crisis (Why do people need organ donations, what are their sufferings if they don’t get an organ when they need one, and how many people are likely to need them.)

2. Explain the urgency by sharing how people are not pledging their organs and give some reasons why that has been the case 3. Share that this health crisis affects everybody because they might one day need an organ too

Feel free to use everything you know about Organ Transplants and the Black Market to support your introduction of the problem

Time 10 Mins Preparation

2 Mins Speaking

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Rules You are crafting an introduction so that introduction should work even if your proposal is to legalise organ trade or to allow the use of animal organs for transplants. Your task here is to make the audience feel like they have to do something about it.

1

Inform the public of the health crisis.

2

Explain the urgency by sharing how people are not pledging their organs & give reasons.

3

Share that this health crisis affects everybody because they might one day need an organ too.

THE PRICE OF DESPERATION

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1

Inform the public of the health crisis.

2

Explain the urgency by sharing how people are not pledging their organs & give reasons.

3

Share that this health crisis affects everybody because they might one day need an organ too.

Feedback Time!

As your coach, I will now tell you the parts you were fantastic at and also give you some tips to work on next time.

THE PRICE OF DESPERATION

ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION

ORGANS

PA

RECAP WE’V T

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BREAKING NEWS

S BLACK MARKET FOUND

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P OF WHAT VE LEARNT TODAY

THE PRICE OF DESPERATION

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Recap Learning New Facts: Organ Transplant An organ transplant is transferring a healthy organ from a donor to a recipient with a failing or damaged organ.

Setting up policies and conditions If you represent the government, you might want to plan how you would distribute these life-saving organs

Public Speaking Skill: Captivating Opening

1

Organ Transplant

The The types types of people of people whowho needneed organ organ transplants transplants and and the the reasons reasons why why theythey needneed them. them.

Those Those whowho needneed an organ an organ transplant transplant will be willplaced be placed on aon waitlist a waitlist withwith a priority a priority order. order.

2 Alternatives Alternatives to to Organ Organ Transplant Transplant Without Without a suitable a suitable transplant, transplant, people people will have will have to take to take medication, medication, make make changes changes to their to their lifestyles lifestyles and and also also rely rely on on mechanical mechanical support support suchsuch as a as mechanical a mechanical heartheart or a or dialysis a dialysis machine. machine.

3 Black Black Market Market forfor Organ Organ Trade Trade The The black black market market is a place is a place where where illegal illegal things things are sold are sold and and purchased. purchased.

Organs Organs can be canfound be found on the on black the black market market but it but is it is extremely extremely dangerous dangerous to buy to buy or sell or organs sell organs on the on black the black market. market.

CaseCase study: study: Kidney Kidney for iPhone for iPhone 4 Compelling Compelling Introductions Introductions To hook To hook an audience an audience into into being being interested interested in what in what you you are are about about to say, to say, we should we should share share the background the background to the to problem, the problem, explain explain the urgency the urgency of the of matter the matter and and also also the relevance the relevance to to the audience. the audience.

THE PRICE OF DESPERATION

THANK YOU! EXCITED TO SEE YOU ALL NEXT WEEK!

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