High Speed rail and other developments in Sweden
Bertil HylÊn Formerly Analyst at VTI Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute
hyl.ben@telia.com Tel +46 728 58 15 58
Basic data (Source: EC DG MOVE 2013 + UIC) EspaĂąa 506 000 47 474 275 ? 26 550 20 % 10
km2 M inhabitants cars per 1 000 inh M train km pr year Billion pass km/year Rail pkm per inh/year PT marketshare (not air) Billion tonne km/year
Few Transport Authorities One rail operator Interregional bus deregulated
Sverige 450 000 10 466 160 12 1 200 18 % 22
km2 M inhabitants cars per 1 000 inh M train km per year Billion pass km/year Rail pkm per inh/year PT marketshare (not air) Billion tonne km/year
Transport Authorities cover 100% 20 rail operators Interregional bus deregulated
Sweden rail map
10 000km+ network Mainly single track V/max 200 km/h Serious capacity problems! Three train categories – IC, regional, freight
320 km/h line decided – Stockholm - Linköping
Sweden – Rail sector • • • •
IM Trafikverket (rail and road), Regulator etc. Transportstyrelsen RUs: Arriva, Green Cargo, Hector, MTAB, MTR, SJ, Transdev + others Jernhusen owns major stations, Euromaint dominates maintenance RUs; same pay/pensions conditions for staff regardless of ownership
• • • •
Low access charges, < 1 € per trainkm Gradual ”accidental” deregulation, now fully open market Commercial services on 7-8 lines – about half of passenger km Rail is politically hot – especially when problems occur
South Sweden â&#x20AC;&#x201C; infrastructure utlisation
Sweden - Public Transport sector • • • • •
100% covered by Passenger Transport Authorities (PTAs) by law Competitive tendering of PT is the norm Passenger operators: Arriva, Keolis, MTR, Nobina, SJ, Transdev www.resrobot.se timetable info between 50 000 stations/stops www.resrobot.se multimodal tickets betw. 3 500 stations/stops
• Buses normally owned by operators • Rail rolling stock normally owned by PTAs or Transitio ”ROSCO”
Öresund area Map courtesy Schweers + Wall
2000 – great success (until Jan 2016…)
Stockholm Citybanan June (Dec) 2017
Göteborg Västlänken 2026
Operations Photos by Fredrik Tellerup Courtesy jarnvag.net
Review of Sweden’s rail organisation - Dec 2015 • 1988 – division of infra and operations • Since then LOTS of small changes • but no follow up or thorough evaluation • Doubled rail traffic → capacity (allocation) problems • Unclear roles Govt. – IM – Regulator – RUs – PTAs - others What needs to be done for the future? Full report www.sou.gov.se/jarnvagensorg will now be circulated for comments and opinions
Review recommendations (1) - Dec 2015 Create a credible view of what the future rail infra will be used for Especially if HS lines will be built… Sort out the borderline between commercial and subsidised services Sort out what the state should own/regulate to provide non-discriminatory access to services facilities Sell the present four state-owned companies Consider tendering of commercial services
Review recommendations (2) Sort out ERTMS implementation and who will pay (n.b. Denmark) Access to services facilities must be more transparent Access to rolling stock for commercial services ? Improve Trafikverket’s internal management Clarify Transportstyrelsen’s (Regulator’s) rail competence N. b. Rail traffic does not need only tracks – it also needs power supply, reliable signalling, stations, freight depots, stabling tracks, staff training and maintenance facilities… Rail is a complicated system!
High Speed line Ostlänken (East link) »
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Ostlänken (East link) 150 km Järna – Linköping new line 209 km Linköping - Stockholm 1h37 → 1h00 6 Billion € v/max 320 km/h ERTMS level 2 Max 35 ‰ gradients (passenger trains only) Five new (very expensive) stations (travel centres) Stations solutions and financing not quite finalised Existing line retained for local services + freight Construction 2017 – 2028 http://www.trafikverket.se/contentassets/016d8cae3cc64b119944af ced79a511e/ostlanken_engelsk_folder_140630.pdf
Ostlänken (East link) Norrköping – extremely difficult conditions…
NykĂśping today Little modernisation pending the new lineâ&#x20AC;Ś
Sverigeförhandlingen (Sweden negotiation) Set up 2014 central Government to deal with very many issues:
High Speed rail Stockholm – Göteborg/Malmö Stockholm eastern by-pass Rail improvements in northern Sweden Second Sweden-Denmark link More housing Improved urban public transport and cycling
Seek new sources of financing and new benefits from HS http://www.trafikverket.se/en/startpage/planning/high-speedrailway/ Not just about HS rail
Swedish High Speed network 203? •
Basic features
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320 km/h + (HS trains only) Sth-Göteborg 2h45 → 2h00 Sth-Malmö 4h15 → 2h30 End-to-end traffic Prio One
20 – 34 Billion Euros excluding approaches to S Stockh/Göteb/Malmö
Swedish High Speed network 203? More features mentioned so far Low access charges → attractive commercial services Enable fast regional services (250 km/h) Free capacity on existing lines Limited connections to existing lines 98% punctuality Strategic depot locations needed Future connections to Hamburg
Swedish HS network benefits as presented by the negotiators
Increased land values (and tax revenues) More housing in more attractive towns Local and regional co-financing Travel time gains More train travel Increased economic growth Moving away from fossile fuel transport
Swedish High Speed – reactions so far (March 2016)
TOO EXPENSIVE – FAR TOO EXPENSIVE! considering Sweden’s population and other sector’s needs Malmö, Göteborg, Stockholm hesitant. Capacity on approach lines not solved – more HS trains will increase today’s congestion. Strong criticism from other parts of Sweden Regional/local (road) transport problems must be handled first, this is where transport’s environmental problems really need to be dealt with.
Swedish HS future
Lessons for other countries Focus on regional Public Transport first Introduce Regional Transport Authorities with all over responsibilities (info, ticketing, interchanges) Create a national timetable base, demand input from all operators Introduce a national system for multi-modal travel and mobility Use modern technology to reduce costs DON’T THINK THAT HS RAIL WILL SOLVE ALL PROBLEMS!!!
Many thanks!
Muchas gracias! Mille grazie!
Bertil HylĂŠn