COMMISSIONE GEOMETRICA

Page 1

$ . 0 $ . $ " 0 . / ; $ "

& 2 0 0 , 6 6 , 2 1 ( * ( 2 0 ( 7 5 , & $

1 " / 0 $ . ! 0 ! 0 Û . 0 0 . + . ! . / $ " .



&RVWUXLUH HVSHULHQ]H GLGDWWLFKH LQ FRQWLQXLWj WUD SULPDULD H VHFRQGDULD GL SULPR JUDGR ULVSRQGH DG XQD PROWHSOLFLWj GL RELHWWLYL $FFRJOLHQ]D FRVWUX]LRQH GL XQ IDWWLYR WHUUHQR GL FRQIURQWR HGXFDWLYR WUD GRFHQWL GL RUGLQL GLYHUVL HG RFFDVLRQH SHU FUHDUH SHUFRUVL LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUL ,O WHPD SL ULOHYDQWH FKH VL DSUH D IURQWH GL TXHVWH HVSHULHQ]H q FHUWDPHQWH LO SRUUH OH EDVL SHU SRWHU FUHDUH XQ &XUULFXOR YHUWLFDOH GL ,VWLWXWR FKH VL EDVL VX HIIHWWLYH HVSHULHQ]H GLGDWWLFKH H QRQ VL OLPLWL DG XQD ULVSRVWD GL FDUDWWHUH EXURFUDWLFR R FKH UHVWL QHOOD VRVWDQ]D FRQILQDWD VXOOD FDUWD ,O &XUULFXOR q XQ SHUFRUVR IRUPDWLYR FRQ GHL WUDJXDUGL GD UDJJLXQJHUH QHO WHPSR XWLOL]]DQGR RELHWWLYL GL DSSUHQGLPHQWR H ODYRUDQGR DOOR VYLOXSSR GL FRPSHWHQ]H VX GLYHUVL RUGLQL GL VFXROD , GRFHQWL GL FODVVH PHGLDQWH OD SURJHWWD]LRQH GLGDWWLFD GHYRQR WHQWDUH GL FRVWUXLUH GD XQ LWLQHUDULR LO FXUULFROR GL VFXROD XQ ³ODYRUR G¶DXOD´ SURGXUUH FLRq HVSHULHQ]H GL DSSUHQGLPHQWR H VFHOWH GLGDWWLFKH VLJQLILFDWLYH HODERUDQGR OH VWUDWHJLH SL HIILFDFL SHU L SURSUL DOXQQL 6L WUDWWD LQ TXHVWR SURFHVVR GL VHOH]LRQDUH L FRQWHQXWL LQGLYLGXDQGR L QXFOHL FRVWLWXWLYL GHOOH GLVFLSOLQH VX FXL SURJHWWDUH DSSURIRQGLPHQWL H VYLOXSSL SHU FRQVROLGDUH QHJOL DOOLHYL XQ SDWULPRQLR GL FRQRVFHQ]H FRPSHWHQ]H VWDELOH QHO WHPSR H WDOH GD SHUPHWWHUH VHPSUH XOWHULRUL DSSURIRQGLPHQWL H VYLOXSSL ,O &XUULFXOR FHUFD GL WURYDUH GHL FULWHUL SHU IDU Vu FKH FRQWHQXWL QXRYL DUJRPHQWL WHPL SUREOHPL FRQFHWWL SRVVDQR VDOGDUVL D TXHOOL DIIURQWDWL LQ SUHFHGHQ]D SHU IDU Vu FKH XQD GHWHUPLQDWD IRUPD GL FRQRVFHQ]D SRVVD JUDGXDOPHQWH HVVHUH DSSURIRQGLWD H VYLOXSSDWD &UHGLDPR QHOOD ILJXUD GL XQ GRFHQWH FKH QRQ VL OLPLWL D WUDVPHWWHUH LQIRUPD]LRQL PD DLXWL O¶DOXQQR QHOOD ³FRVWUX]LRQH´ GHL VDSHUL H D WDO ILQH SUHGLVSRQJD O¶DPELHQWH GL DSSUHQGLPHQWR FUHDQGR VLWXD]LRQL FKH OR PHWWDQR LQ FRQGL]LRQH GL LPSDUDUH DGRWWDQGR XQD SOXUDOLWj GL PHWRGRORJLH 4XHVWR LPSOLFD DQFKH O¶XWLOL]]R GL ODERUDWRUL DXOH PXOWLPHGLDOL ELEOLRWHFKH HFF ROWUH DOO¶DXOD WUDGL]LRQDOH H XQD SOXUDOLWj GL UDJJUXSSDPHQWL GHJOL DOOLHYL FKH IDYRULVFD OD FRPXQLFD]LRQH H OH UHOD]LRQL LQWHUSHUVRQDOL IUD SDUL LQ DWWLYLWj FRRSHUDWLYH H UHQGD SRVVLELOH O¶DFTXLVL]LRQH GL HIILFDFL DELOLWj VRFLDOL H FRJQLWLYH



&RQVLGHULDPR TXHVW¶HVSHULHQ]D FRPH SXQWXDOH VYROWD QRQ DOO¶LQWHUQR GHOOR VWHVVR ,VWLWXWR PD YHGHQGR XQD FROODERUD]LRQH WUD ,& 5XELHUD H ,& 'RQ 3DVTXLQR %RUJKL FRPH LO WHQWDWLYR GL WHVWDUH DQFKH OH QRVWUH DWWLWXGLQL FRPH GRFHQWL D FRVWUXLUH XQ IDWWLYR WHDP GL ODYRUR HG D ODYRUDUH VX RELHWWLYL H FRPSHWHQ]H 8Q HVSHULPHQWR GD ULSURSRUUH SRL DQFKH DOO¶LQWHUQR GHJOL LVWLWXWL FRPSUHQVLYL LQ FXL ODYRULDPR SHU UHDOL]]DUH XQ WDVVHOOR QHOOH PHWRGRORJLH YROWH DOOD UHDOL]]D]LRQH GHO &XUULFXOR

$ SDUWLUH GD TXHVWD ULIOHVVLRQH LO QRVWUR VIRU]R VL q FRQFHQWUDWR VXOOD UHOD]LRQH WUD LQVHJQDPHQWR DSSUHQGLPHQWR FKH VL UHDOL]]D QHOOD FRQWLQXD LQWHUD]LRQH WUD O LQWHQ]LRQDOLWj HGXFDWLYD GHO GRFHQWH H LO VRJJHWWR FKH DSSUHQGH 8QD SDUWLFRODUH DWWHQ]LRQH GHYH SRL HVVHUH SRVWD DO FRQWHVWR FKH GLYLHQH HVVR VWHVVR VXSSRUWR DOO¶DSSUHQGLPHQWR ,O QRVWUR VIRU]R VL q GL IRFDOL]]DWR VXO VRJJHWWR FKH DSSUHQGH FRQ SDUWLFRODUH DWWHQ]LRQH D FRPH YLHQH FRVWUXLWR LO FRQWHVWR GL VXSSRUWR DOO¶DSSUHQGLPHQWR VWHVVR *OL VWXGHQWL GHYRQR DYHUH SHU QRL XQ UXROR FHQWUDOH QHOOD ³FRVWUX]LRQH´ GHL VDSHUL H LPSDUDUH q XQ SURFHVVR


DWWLYR LQ FXL VL LQWUHFFLDQR YDUL HOHPHQWL QRQ VROWDQWR FRJQLWLYL PD DQFKH HPRWLYR DIIHWWLYL H UHOD]LRQDOL 6L Gj LQ WDO VHQVR PROWD LPSRUWDQ]D DOO¶DPELHQWH GL DSSUHQGLPHQWR LQWHVR FRPH XQ FRQWHVWR GL DWWLYLWj VWUXWWXUDWH LQ FXL VL RUJDQL]]D O¶LQVHJQDPHQWR DIILQFKp LO SURFHVVR FKH VL LQWHQGH SURPXRYHUH DYYHQJD VHFRQGR OH PRGDOLWj DWWHVH $EELDPR FRVu RUJDQL]]DWR FRPH SULPR SDVVR XQ LQFRQWUR ³YLUWXDOH´ WUD OH GXH FODVVL XWLOL]]DQGR VN\SH VXOOH QRVWUH ODYDJQH /,0 H UDFFRQWDQGRFL FRQ GRPDQGH H ULVSRVWH LQFURFLDWH TXDOL HUDQR OH QRVWUH DVSHWWDWLYH HG D TXDOL GRPDQGH FHUFDYDPR ULVSRVWD LQ WHUPLQL VRSUDWWXWWR SUDWLFL HG RSHUDWLYL $EELDPR SUHIHULWR PRGDOLWj GL ODYRUR FKH FRPSRUWDVVHUR LQWHUD]LRQH H FROODERUD]LRQH ³DLXWR UHFLSURFR´ ³DSSUHQGLPHQWR QHO JUXSSR FRRSHUDWLYR´ ³DSSUHQGLPHQWR WUD SDUL´ HVDOWDQGR OD FRPSRQHQWH SUDWLFD GHOOH GLVFLSOLQH H FRVWUXHQGR LO SHUFRUVR EDVDQGRVL VXOO¶HVSHULHQ]D GLUHWWD H O¶HVSORUD]LRQH FRQ XQ DSSUHQGLPHQWR GHJOL DOXQQL DWWLYR H XQD FRVWUX]LRQH GHOOH FRQRVFHQ]H YROWD DO VXSHUDPHQWR GHOOD VFXROD WUDVPLVVLYD H GHOOD IUDPPHQWD]LRQH GHL VDSHUL ,O SURJHWWR QDVFHYD SHU GL SL DQFKH GD XQ¶HVLJHQ]D UHDOH JOL DOXQQL GHOOD SULPDULD YROHYDQR GHFRUDUH UHQGHUH SL DFFRJOLHQWH OD ORUR DXOD GL PDWHPDWLFD VL YROHYD DUULFFKLUH XQD SDUHWH ULPDVWD OLEHUD 6LDPR SDUWLWL GDO FRQFHWWR GL WDVVHOOD]LRQH GHOOR VSD]LR FLRq GD XQ LQVLHPH GL SROLHGUL DGLDFHQWL FKH ULFRSURQR OR VSD]LR VHQ]D ODVFLDUH EXFKL , EDPELQL GHOOD FODVVH 9$ D V GHOO¶,& GRQ 3DVTXLQR %RUJKL QH KDQQR FUHDWL XQ LQVLHPH SDUWHQGR GD WDVVHOOL SUHGHILQLWL FKH IRQGDPHQWDOPHQWH ULSURGXFHYDQR OH ILJXUH JHRPHWULFKH SLDQH UHJRODUL H ODYRUDQGR SHU JUXSSL GL ODYRUR /D ORUR DWWLYLWj q VWDWD O¶LQL]LR GHO SHUFRUVR


JLRFDUH FDSLUH FUHDUH

FROODERUDUH FRVWUXLUH LQYHQWDUH

/¶LGHD HUD GL SDVVDUH SRL LO WHVWLPRQH DL UDJD]]L GHOOD VHFRQGDULD FODVVH ,,' D V GHOO¶,& 5XELHUD FUHDQGR XQD VRUWD GL FRPPLVVLRQH GHL EDPELQL DL UDJD]]L 3HU IDU FRVD" ,O SHUFRUVR SUHYHGHYD FKH VL UHDOL]]DVVHUR FRQ XQ RSSRUWXQR FDPELR GL VFDOD OH WDVVHOOD]LRQL UHDOL]]DWH DOOD SULPDULD DQGDQGR DG RFFXSDUH O¶LQWHUD SDUHWH GHOOD FODVVH 9$ LQ PRGR GD FUHDUH DQFKH XQD GHFRUD]LRQH LQ FODVVH 0ROWL L SUREOHPL GD ULVROYHUH D FRPH UHDOL]]DUH XQ SDVVDJJLR GL VFDOD" E FRPH ULVSHWWDUH XQD JUDQGH]]D FRPSOHVVLYD GHOOD FRPSRVL]LRQH FKH SRWHVVH ULVSHWWDUH OH GLPHQVLRQL GHOOD SDUHWH GHGLFDWD" F FRPH GLVHJQDUH OH ILJXUH JHRPHWULFKH SLDQH" G FRQ FKH PDWHULDOL UHDOL]]DUH LO ODYRUR"





PLVXUDUH SHULPHWUDUH WDJOLDUH


FRPSRUUH XQLUH FUHDUH


0ROWHSOLFL OH FRPSHWHQ]H H PROWHSOLFL OH GLVFLSOLQH FRLQYROWH ,O QRVWUR JUXSSR HUD FRPSRVWR GD GXH GRFHQWL GL PDWHPDWLFD XQD DOOD SULPDULD HG XQD DOOD VHFRQGDULD HG XQ GRFHQWH GL $UWH ,PPDJLQH GHOOD VHFRQGDULD *OL RELHWWLYL HUDQR WDUDWL VX GLYHUVL DPELWL GLVFLSOLQDUL D FRVWUXLUH XQ SHUFRUVR WUDVYHUVDOH DOOH GLVFLSOLQH /D GRFHQWH GHOOD SULPDULD KD SUHVWDWR L WDVVHOOL XWLOL]]DWL GDL SURSUL DOXQQL H L UDJD]]L GHOOD VHFRQGDULD VRQR SDUWLWL ULFUHDQGR OH VWHVVH WDVVHOOD]LRQL FKH DYHYDQR UHDOL]]DWR L FRPSDJQL SL SLFFROL /¶DSSURFFLR q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j HG HTXLYDOHQ]D WUD OH YDULH ILJXUH +DQQR TXLQGL FDOFRODWR O¶DUHD GHO SHQWDJRQR PROWLSOLFDQGR SHU TXHOOD GHO UHODWLYR WULDQJROR HTXLODWHUR H TXHOOD GHOO¶HVDJRQR UHJRODUH GLYLGHQGROR LQ GXH WUDSH]L LVRVFHOL HTXLYDOHQWL H FDOFRODQGR OH ORUR DUHH ,O SUREOHPD VXFFHVVLYR q VWDWR TXHOOR GL FDOFRODUH OH PLVXUH GHOOH ILJXUH LQJUDQGLWH SHU IDU Vu FKH OD GHFRUD]LRQH ILQDOH RFFXSDVVH LQ PRGR DUPRQLFR OD SDUHWH GHGLFDWD , UDJD]]L KDQQR ODYRUDWR LQ PRGR HPSLULFR HIIHWWXDQGR PROWL WHQWDWLYL OD GRFHQWH KD FHUFDWR GL GLULJHUH L ORUR VIRU]L H IDUOL UDJLRQDUH FRQ OH SURSRU]LRQL SHU WURYDUH DQDORJLH H LQYDULDQWL PDWHPDWLFKH 3HU OD VFHOWD GHL PDWHULDOH FRQ FXL UHDOL]]DUH IDWWLYDPHQWH OH ILJXUH L UDJD]]L KDQQR RSWDWR SHU O¶XWLOL]]R GL XQ PDWHULDOH HGLOL]LR LO SROLVWLUHQH &RQ OH FRPSHWHQ]H DSSUHVH LQ 7HFQRORJLD JOL DOOLHYL KDQQR GLVHJQDWR OH ILJXUH VXL SDQQHOOL H OH KDQQR WDJOLDWH H FRORUDWH UHDOL]]DQGR OH FRPSRVL]LRQL D JUDQGH VFDOD SURQWH SHU HVVHUH DVVHPEODWH FRQ LO QDVWUR ELDGHVLYR


$ TXHO SXQWR DEELDPR FRVWUXLWR XQ¶RFFDVLRQH IDWWLYD SHU FRQVHJQDUH OD FRPPLVVLRQH XQ LQFRQWUR YHUR H SURSULR WUD L UDJD]]L GHOOD SULPDULD H GHOOD VHFRQGDULD FRQ FRQVHJQD DVVHPEODJJLR GHOOD WDVVHOOD]LRQH LQ DXOD H PHUHQGD JHODWR LQVLHPH SHU ULEDGLUH FKH O¶ DSSUHQGLPHQWR q XQ SURFHVVR DWWLYR H LQ FXL VL LQFRQWUDQR YDUL HOHPHQWL QRQ VROWDQWR FRJQLWLYL PD DQFKH HPRWLYR DIIHWWLYL H UHOD]LRQDOL *OL DOXQQL GHOOD VHFRQGDULD KDQQR DQFKH UHDOL]]DWR XQD SUHVHQWD]LRQH PXOWLPHGLDOH FKH UDFFRJOLHYD OH YDULH IDVL GHO SHUFRUVR FKH KDQQR PRVWUDWR DL UDJD]]L GHOOD SULPDULD /¶LQFRQWUR IXRUL GDOO¶RUDULR VFRODVWLFR KD FRLQYROWR DQFKH DOFXQL JHQLWRUL SHUPHWWHQGR OD FRQGLYLVLRQH GHO SHUFRUVR H GHO ODYRUR VYROWR 6RUSUHQGHQWH DQFKH OD UHOD]LRQH VIRFLDWD SRL QHO JLRFR WUD UDJD]]L H EDPELQL DO SULPR LQFRQWUR D ULEDGLUH FKH OD VFXROD H ³O¶LPSDUDUH LQVLHPH´ VRQR XQ IRUPLGDELOH PRWRUH GL VRFLDOL]]D]LRQH 5REHUWD 0XQDULQL ,OHQLD 0HOOL HG (QULFR 0DUDQL


VSRUFDUH FRORUDUH ULILQLUH VSHULPHQWDUH


FRPSRVL]LRQH Qƒ


FRPSRVL]LRQH Qƒ


LO JLRUQR GHOO¶LQFRQWUR WUD L UDJD]]L GHOOD VHFRQGDULD GL SULPR JUDGR GHOO¶ ,& 5XELHUD H GHOOD SULPDULD GHOO¶,& GRQ %RUJKL



OD FRPSRVL]LRQH Q FROORFDWD QHOO¶DXOD GL PDWHPDWLFD GHOOD SULPDULD ,& GRQ %RUJKL



$ . 0 $ . $ " 0 . / ; $ " Á Á Å

$ ! ! / / $ " $ ! 0 . E ] [ j < j j Q I [ g Q E ] j g ] [ ³ O Z < Q Y E ] Z


Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.