twGJ(3) trSwf(7)
pmrlzdwfac: jcif; T&cdik v hf w G v f yfa&;pmapmifonf &cdik ahf wmfveS af &;oabmw&m;rsm;udk r#0&D ef/ &cdik ahf wmfveS af &;ESihf &cdik t hf rsKd ;om;a&;ESiyhf wfoufI awmfveS af &;&Jabmfrsm;/ jynforl sm;. tjrifoabmxm;rsm;udk xif[yfpD&efESifh yDjyifaom &cdkifpmyDt&D;tom;ay:aygufvmpD &ef&nf&G,fI xkwfa0jzef@csdedefaom trSDcdkuif;aom vGwfvyfaompmapmifwckjzpfyg onf? T&cdkifhvGwfvyfa&;pmapmifudk 2-v w}udrf yHkrSefxkwf0Dvm;rnfjzpfygonf? &cdkifh trsKd ;om;a&;ESihf &cdik pf myDukd jrwfE;kd wefz;kd xm;olrsm; uAsmrsm;/ aqmif;yg;rsm;/ 0wÎKwdrk sm; ESifh umwGef;rsm;yD;ydk@Edkifygonf? qufoG,f&ef— AIB PO Box 113 Mae Sot Tak -63110 Thailand
vlxo k nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
("gwyf kH – e&dO&P m)
2011-ck ?ZEé0g&vD
("gwyf kH – e&dO&P m)
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
January,2011
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
?
@
January,2011
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
January,2011
?
tcrf;tem;wGif *syefEdkifiH Kanda wuUodkvfordkif;ygarmuQ a'gufwm at;csrf;rS &ckdifvlrsKd;rsm;jzpfay:vmyHk ESifh acwftqufquf&cdkifordkif;udk tus,f w 0if h ,S i f ; vif ; ajym-um; onf? &ckdifordkif;qdkif&m,Sif;vif;yGJudk jyKvkyf _yD; EdkifiHwum&ckdiftrsKd;om;toif; (World Arakanese Organization)
*syefXmecGJudk topfjyefvnfzGJ@pnf;jcif;tcrf;tem;udk usif;ycJhonf? tcrf;tem;'kwd,ydkif; tpDtpOfwiG f wufa&mufot l rsm;pku Edik if w H um&ckid t f rsK;d om;toif; (*syefXmecG)J udk jyefvnf zGJ@pnf;&efqHk;jzwfcuwf_yD;/ atmufygyk*~Kdvfrsm;ESifh tvkyftr+aqmiftzGJ@udk &GD;cs,fwifajr‡muf zGJ@pnf;cuwfonf? (1) OuUX OD;vSa&$/ (2) 'kOuUX OD;jrwfol/ (3) twGif;a&;rSL; udkausmfoef;vd+if/ (4) wGJzuf twGif; a&;rSL; udkoef;jrifhatmif/ (6) jyef-um;a&;rSL; OD;rif;'if/ (7) pnf;&Hk;a&;rSL; OD;zdk;odef;ESifh tvkyf tr+aqmiftzGJ@0if (8)OD;udk &GD;cs,fcuwfa-umif;od&onf? f rsK;d om;vH;k EdkifiHwum &ckdiftrsKd;om;toif; (World Arakanese Organization))udk &cdik w pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfr+&[dpD&efESifh &cdkiforkdif;/ pmyD/ ,Ofaus;r+udk pkaygif;xdef;odrf;um EdkifiHwumu ydkrdkodvmEdkifatmif azmfxkwfwifjy&ef zGJ@pnf;xm;aom tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfa-umif;od&onf? tcrf;tem;rSm npmbuf(6;30)wGif atmifatmifjrifjrifeef@_yD;pD;conf?
q
28
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
@
January,2011
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
at'Dwmhtmabmf
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q
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
1
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
January,2011
?
@
January,2011
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
"g;jywdkufcH&aomodrfawmifjyifaus;&GmrSm anmifacsmif; epupcef;em;wGifwnf[d_yD; u|Jaumf armfaus;&GmrSm anmifacsmif; epu pcef;rS _cDvsifwem&Dcef@t0D;wGifwnf[donf? OuUX cdkifrdk;vif;+yD;v#if &cdkifom;&dk@ESvHk;om;udk v$rf;rdk;xm;aom aemuf&cdkifhawmfvSef a&; acgif;aqmifwa,mufrSm &cdkifjynfwyfrawmfppfOD;pD;csKyfa[mif; AdkvfcsKyfcdkif&mZmjzpfonf? Adkvf&mZmonf awmfvSefa&;edef+rDodk@ ra&mufcifuwnf;u ALP +rDatmufvkyfief;rsm;udk vkyf udkifedefcJhonf[kqdkygonf? Adkvf&mZm. ajymjycsuft& &[ef;b0jzifh +rDatmufvkyfief; rsm;udk vkyfedefpOfumvu rdrdwumr jrefrmhwyfrawmfrS AdkvfrSL;uawmfudkyifv#if awmfvSefa&;w&m; rsm; a[m=um;cJh&m Adkvf&mZm. a[majympnf;&Hk;r_udk vufcHI Adkvf&mZmudk axmufcHtm;yD; onf[k rdrdtm;ajymjyzl;ygonf? Adv k &f mZmonf &cdik jf ynfvw G af jrmufa&;ygwD vufatmufcH &cdik jf ynfvw G af jrmufa&; wyfrawmf 'kwd, t}udrfxlaxmifpOfuv 1982-ckESpfuwnf;u &cdkifjynfvGwfajrmufa&; wyfrawmfwiG f yg0ifxrf;aqmifco hJ nf[k avhvmwG[ d &d ygonf? &Sw d ef;xGuf ppfa=umif;av#muf pOf opfyifrsm;ay:wGif 0g'jzef@csda&;pmrsm;/ jrefrmppftpdk;& qef@usifa&;pmrsm; vdkufuyfonf[k &cdik jf ynfvw G af jrmufa&; wyfrawmfrS wyfrLS ;wa,mufu ajymjyonf? Adv k &f mZmonf txufrS wyfrLS ;rsm;/ acgi;f aqmifrsm;udk tm;r&I ,if;ESio hf abmxm;wdu k q f ikd o f rl sm;ESit hf wl aemufxyf wyfrawmfwck xlaxmifzdk@}udK;pm;&m &cdkifjynfvGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmfrS vdkufvHzrf;qD;I taygif;ygtcsdK@tzrf;cHcJh&+yD; Adkvf&mZmudk udk,fcsif;pmolwOD;u rod[efaqmifI edefvdkuf&m Adkvf&mZmrSm xGuf+yD;vGwfajrmufcJhonf[kqdkygonf? Adkvf&mZmonf uarBm'D;,m;-xdkif;e,fpyfbufodk@ a&muf[dcJh+yD; ,if;rSwqifh u&if trsdK;om;vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf wyfr[m (4) e,f+rDY v_yf,Sm;edefaom rlqvifwyfzGJ@wGif rlqvifarmifarmif trnfjzifh 0ifa&mufv_yf,Sm;cJhygonf? Adkvf&mZm. vkyf&nfudkif&nfudk oabmusI u&ifwyfrSL;wa,muf. ac:,ljyKpkydsK;axmifr_udk cHcJh&onf? ,if;u&iftrsdK;om; vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf wyfr[m (4) e,f+rDYyif &cdkifrsdK;cspfrsm;udk pkpnf;I &cdkifwyfzGJ@ toGifjzifhv_yf,Sm;cJhygonf? Adkvf&mZmonf yifv,fjyifY ol&Jaumif;yDyD pGrf;pGrf;wrH vkyfudkif aqmif&GufcJh&m u&iftrsdK;om;vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmfrS wyfr[m (4) rSLK;. csD;usL; ajr‡mufpm;jcif; cHcJh&onf? ,if;tcsdefumvu &cdkifhb*Fvm;e,fpyfwGif v_yf,Sm;edef=uaom &cdkiftrsdK;om; awmfvSefa&;wyfzGJ@rsm;wGif aiGa=u;vufeufjynfhpHkr_r[day? Adkvf&mZmonf 1991-ckESpfwGif cdkifapmxGef;/ cdkif=umjzLatmif&dk@ESifhtwl aemufbufppfrsufESmaz:xkwfa&;twGuf wm0efyD;jcif; cHcJh&onf? odk@aomf taemufbufppf+rDjyifodk@ra&mufrSD c&D;vrf;pyf=um;wGif cdkifapmxGef;/ cdik =f umjzLatmif&@kd EiS hf vufwI JG &cdik w f yfrawmf (AA) udk xlaxmifc=hJ uonf? ,if;taemufbuf ppfrsufESm az:xkwfa&;ppfa=umif;ESifhtwl &cdkifjynfvGwfajrmufwyfrawmf (ALA) rS wyfrSL; &Jabmfrsm;vnf; vdkufygcJhonfhtjyif cdkif=umjzLatmifESifh cdkifapmxGef;&dk@rSmvnf; &cdkifjynf vGwfajrmufa&;ygwDrS A[dkaumfrDwD0ifrsm;jzpf=uonf? ,if;ppfa=umif;ESifhtwl ,QK&cdkifjynf vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf. vuf[dwyfrSL;wOD;jzpfol cdkifpdk;jrESifh &cdkifjynfol&dk@ESifh &cdkifrsdK;cspf 2
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
tqdkygaus;&Gmrsm;rSm e,fpyfwGif wnf[daom aus;&Gmrsm;r[kwfuwfbJ bl;oD;awmif_rdK@e,f twGif;ydkif;wGifwnf[daom aus;&Gmrsm;jzpfuwf_yD;au ar,ljrpftaemufbufurf;_cDwGif wnf[daom aus;&Gmrsm;jzpfuwfonf? "g;jrrsm;onf u|Jaumfarmfaus;&Gmtm; 0dkif;&Hxm;_yD; wtdrfwuf/ wtdrfqif; "g;jrwdkufvm;jcif; jzpf_yD; vuf0wf&wem ypPn;f ode;f (30)usyaf usmzf ;kd ygvm;onf[k od&onf? trsK;d om;wOD;wGif OD;acgif;Y '%f&m &[dvm;_yD;au trsKd;orD;wOD;udk oDewfaygifjzifh0rf;udkowfojzifh qD;&Hkydk@ yD;c&onf? vGefca&ESpf 'DZifbmvtwGif;uvnf; &aohawmiff_rdK@e,f apwDjyifaus;&Gmem;[d c|wfjyifaus; &Gmudk rlqvif"g;jrrsm;0ifa&muf "g;jrwdkufcdkufvm;&m usyf odef;(300)zkd; qHk;,+H;vm;conf? ,ckuo hJ @kd rlqvifuv k m; "g;jrrsm;rSm tkypf zk @JG _yD; rlqvifaus;&Gmrsm;udk "g;jrrwdu k b f J Ak'b < mom aus;&Gmrsm;udk&GD;_yD; "g;jrwdkufedefaomfvnf; a'otwGif;[d epu/ &JESifhppfwyfrS wpHkw&m umuG,f ryD;Edik o f jzifh a'otwGi;f vlxrk mS txl pd;k &dryf yl if aomuyGg;v#u[ f ad -umif;od&onf? tck"g;jrwdkufr+rsm;wGif aemufuG,frS ya,m*yg rygudk rdrd&dk@rodEdkifa-umif;ESifh rlqvif"g;jr rsm;wGif taumif;qHk;aemufqHk;ay: oDewfrsm; yg0ifonf[k aus;&Gmom;rsm;uajymonf?
q
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vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
27
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
January,2011
?
rlqvif"g;jrrsm; aomif;usef;edefojzifh bl;oD;awmifwGif Ak'<bmomaus;&Gmrsm; _ydKysufrnfhtedeftxm;jzifh &ifqdkifedef&
ed&OP&m (owif;) 11/ 1/ 2011 &cdkifjynfe,f bl;oD;awmif awmifydkif;wGif rlqvif"g;jrrsm; txl;aomif;usef;edef&m Ak'<bmom aus;&Gmrsm; _ydKysufrnfhtedeftxm;jzifh &ifqdkifedefuwf&a-umif; aus;&Gmom;rsm;u ed&OP&modk@ ajym-um;onf? “tcku|efawmf&dk@ wdkif;&if;om; Ak'<bmomwdtwGuf vHk_cHKr+r[dygAsm,f? zJom'*F g; csrf;oma& vlwdu _rdK@wdudkajymif;&$duwfeef@ a'twdkif;qdkau Ak'<bmom&Gmwdtm;vHk; ysufpD;vm;Edkifyga&? tyg;acsrSm[da& epu wyfzGJ@wduvnf; vHk;_cHKa&;vHk;0ryD;Edkifa&tjyif wdkifa&vlwdudkvnf; owfpGm/ ykwfpGmwd [dyga&”[k aus;&Gmvl}uD;wOD;u ajymonf? vGefca& ZEM0g&Dv 1=&ufedef@ nOfh 12=em&DwGif bl;oD;awmif_rdK@e,fawmifydkif; anmifacsmif; aus;&Gmem;wGifwnf[daom &cdkiftrsKd;om;rsm;edefxkdif&m u|Jaumfarmfaus;&Gmudk rlqvif"g;jr 30=cef@u oDewfrsm;jzifh 0ifa&mufyem "g;jrwdkufvm;conf? tqdyk g "g;jrtkypf o k nf tqdyk gaus;&GmrS "g;jrwdu k v f @kd t_yD; jyeftxGuw f iG f 'dik ;f euftrsK;d om;rsm; edefxdkif&m odrfawmifjyifaus;&Gmudk xyfrH0ifa&muf_yD; "g;jrwdkufvm;conf? tqdkyg aus;&GmwGif "g;jrwdkufedefpOfwGif aus;&Gmom;rsm; jyefvnfckcH&mrS oDewfjzifhypfojzihf odrfawmifjyifaus;&Gm &,uOuUXZeD;wGif oDewfus_yD; a'edef@tcsdefxd bl;oD;awmifqD;&HkwGif wifxm;&a-umif;od&onf? “u|eaf wmf&@kd aus;&Gmudk "g;jywdu k _f yD; anmifacsmif; epupcef;rS pcef;rSL;a&mufvm_yD;em ygvm;a& ypPn;f wdut kd rSeaf jym? trSerf ajymEdik af u ypPn;f ud&k au jyefryD;Asm,fv@kd ajymyga&? ,if;twGuf eef@ &Gmom;wOD;u a-umufa-umufvef@vef@ ol@tdrfuypPnf;wdudk trSefrajymEdkifvdk@ rsufESmudk pcef;rSL;u vufoD;eef@ydwfxdk;yga&? _cDaxmufeef@ausmufowfyga&? tckydkif "g;jr wdkufcH&vdk@ a-umufedef&a&tcsdefrSm epu pcef;rSL;u vufoD;eef@ydwfxdk;a&twGuf u|efawmf&dk@ rSm tm;udk;p&mr[dygAsm,f?”[k oluajymonf?
26
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
@
January,2011
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
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vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
3
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
January,2011
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,if;&cdkifjynfvGwfajrmufa&;ygwDESifh &cdkifjynfvGwfvyfa&;tzGJ@ ESpfbufoabmwl aygi;f pnf;a&; ysujf y,fc&hJ aomfvnf; &cdik t f rsKd ;om;pnf;vH;k nDnw G af &;+cDvrS ;f um; aemufrqkwcf hJ ay? &cdik t f rsKd ;om;nDnw G af &;wyfO;D . OD;aqmifru _ ckd , H v l #uf &cdik t f rsKd ;om;awmfveS af &;tzG@J rsm; vufwGJvkyfaqmifvmcJh=uonfudk avhvmwGd[d&ygonf? &cdkiftrsdK;om;nDnGwfa&;wyfOD; v_y, f mS ;r_EiS hf vkyif ef;aqmif&u G rf r_ sm;udk avhvmqef;ppf=unfyh gu wzG@J tay:wzG@J tav;teuf ,Hk=unfr_xm;=uonfudk rwGd[d&&Hkru ,if;uJhodk@,Hk=unfr_[dvmatmif/ oabmw&m;wlnDr_ [dvmatmif tcsed , f I l yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G v f mcJo h nfukd rwG[ d &d bJ rdr. d tzG@J tpnf; vkyif ef;rsm; udkom OD;pm;yD;aqmif&GufvmcJh=uonfudk wGd[d&ayonf? odk@aomf ,if;&cdkiftrsdK;om; nDnGwf a&;wyfOD;. trnfemrudk toHk;jyKI tjcm;wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkiftiftm;pkrsm;ESifh vufwGJ aqmif&u G Ef ikd &f eftwGuf OD;ausmv f id_ o f nf4if;/ OD;a&$omonf4if;/ OD;atmifped o f monf4if;/ a':apm jr&mZmvif;onf4if; trsdK;om;nDnGwfa&;twGuf pGrf;pGrf;wrHaqmif&GufcJh=uonfomru Adv k &f mZm. taemufbufppfrsuEf mS az:xkwaf &; c&D;pOfonfvnf; ,if;&cdik t f rsKd ;om; nDnw G f a&;wyfOD;. trnfatmufwGifjzpfonf[k avhvmqef;ppfwGd[d&ygonf? ,if;&cdkiftrsdK;om;nDnGwfa&;wyfOD;onf 6-ESpfwmumvudk jzwfoef;vm+yD;aemuf &cdkiftrsdK;om;nDnGwfa&;ygwDtjzpf aygif;pnf;zGJ@EdkifcJhonfudk &cdkifhtrsdK;om; pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&; ordik ;f wGix f ;l jcm;pGmwG[ d &d ygonf?,if;&cdik t f rsKd ;om;nDnw G af &;ygwaD y:ayguv f m&mY wcsKd @acgi;f aqmifrsm;u trsdK;om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;udk vdkcsifI &dk;om;pGmyl;aygif;yg0ifcJh=uaomfvnf; wcsdK@acgif;aqmif&dk@onf Adkvf&mZm. toufoGD;udk&if;I pkaqmif;xm;aom vufeufrsm; udk tydkifpD;&efwrifwum &nf&G,fIyg0ifcJh=uonf[k a0zefoHrsm;vnf; xGufay:vmcJhygonf? &cdkiftrsdK;om;ol&Jaumif; Adkvf&mZmESifh &cdkiftrsdK;om;nDnGwfa&;wyfOD;. trsdK;om; nDnw G af &;wnfaqmufa&; vrf;a=umif;udk trSjD yKI trsKd ;om;pnf;vH;k nDnw G af &;ygwD ay:ayguf vmcJhaomfvnf; &cdkiftrsdK;om; awmfvSefa&;acgif;aqmif&dk@pdwfxJwGif trSefwu,f pnf;&Hk; edefcJh=ujcif;um;r[kwfay? ol@tkyfpk/ udk,fhtkyfpk/ ol@vl udk,fhvl/ ol@*dk%f; udk,fh*dk%f;ponfjzifh oabmxm;uGJvJGr_rsm; [dvmcJhonfudk avhvmqef;ppfwGd[d&ygonf? Adkvf&mZmu rdrdudk OD;aqmifO;D &Guyf ;D Edik v f rd rhf nf[k ,H=k unfxm;cJah om acgi;f aqmifrsm;onf vufww dG iG f Adv k &f mZmudk OD;aqmifrr_ yD;Edik &f o kH mru Adv k &f mZm. acwfopftawG;tac:rsm;udyk if vdu k rf rSI D ,if;awmfveS f a&;acgi;f aqmifpo k nf Adv k &f mZmudk OD;aqmifrr_ yD;Edik cf ahJ y? 1998-ck Adv k &f mZmvky}f uHc&H +yD;aemuf &cdkifawmfvSefa&;acgif;aqmifvnf;jzpf/ ,cifu &cdkifwyfrawmfrS wyfrSL;a[mif;}uD;vnf;jzpfol wOD;u rdr. d &Sw d iG f vrf;av#mufv#uf yg;pyfrt S rde;f toD;xGuI f aumif;uwfawr[kwv f m;a, atolvkyfypfcpGm/ tm;vHk;'kuQa&mufuwfAsm,f/ ol@trsdK;orD;vnf; 'kuQa&muf&Asm,fqdk+yD; txyfxyftcgcg aumfEu S ef ed &f m rdrv d nf; rcHcsipf w d jf zifh ,if;aumfEu S ef ed af om acgi;f aqmiftm; Adkvf&mZmtjypfvm;/ acgif;aqmifwdtjypfvm;[k rdef;cGef;xkwf&m 4if;u ,if;olacgif;aqmifwd pum;udk em;raxmifa0/ ud, k v f yk cf sipf mG vkyaf w? rdru d vnf; ygww D ckrmS ,if;ydik v f nf; ud, k v f yk f csifpGmudk vkyfvdk@&vm/ Adkvf&mZmrSm;au Adkvf&mZmudk ta&;,lzl;vm/ ,if;ydkifygwDu ta&;,l pGmudk Adkvf&mZm vufrcHvm[k rdef;jref;&m ta&;r,lzl;[k 0efcHajym=um;&m rdrdu Adkvf&mZm 4
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
@
January,2011
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
jzpfysufyHkeef@ywfouf_yD; ed&OP&mu qufvufpHkprf;rdef;jref;&m udk;wefaumufaus;&GmrSm &aoh awmif_rdK@e,fwGif wnf[daomfvnf; armifawm_rdK@e,fawmifydkif;ESifh qufpyfwnf[daom aus;&Gmjzpfa-umif; od&onf? tcif;jzpfyGm;a&edef@u tqdkyguvdarao#ESpfOD;rSm tiHkarmfukefwef;rS 4=em&DwGif pyg;xnfh&ef pyg;cGt H w d rf sm;0,fI &Gmod@k jyeftvm tiHak rmfuek w f ef;rS armfawmfqikd u f ,f 5=pD;jzifh uvdarao# wdedefxkdif&m ausmufyef;wlrS jyefvmaom rlqvif 9=OD; rSvrf;}uHKojzifh vdkufyg&efac:aqmifI uvdarao#EpS Of ;D rSm qdik u f ,fwpD;.aemufwiG w f ufI vdu k yf gvm;&m eD0ifptcsed rf mS uvdarao# &dk@edefxdkif&m udk;wefaumufaus;&Gmodk@a&muf[da-umif;/ odk@&mwGif qdkifu,farmif;ol &,u tzGJ@0if tmbl,laemhrS qdkifu,fudkrwef@bJeef@ t,ifarmif;vm;vdk@ eD0ifcsdefrSm ausmufyef;wl aus;&Gmem;odk@ a&muf[d_yD; teDtem;u awmxJwckodk@ qdkifu,fudkarmif;csvm;_yD; wjcm;qdkif u,f wpD;rS rlqvif ESpfOD;aygif;oHk;OD;u AvuUm&jyKusifhconf[k od&onf? qdkifu,fjzifhvmol udk;OD;xJwGif 6=OD;rSm wpHkw&mapmfum;&mwGif ryg0ifca-umif;od&onf? tqdkyg uvdarao#ESpfOD;udk 2=&ufwdkifwdkif AvuUm&jyKusifh_yD;aemufydkif;wGif ar,lawmifudk ausmf_yD; &aohawmif_rdK@e,ftwGif;ydk@yD;conf[k od&onf? tqdkygtjzpftysuf jzpfyGg;_yD;aemuf tcif;jzpfyGg;&mwGifyg0ifol Ek&ftmavmifrS tqdkygjzpfpOfudk [kwfrSefa-umif;ajymqdkaomfvnf; AvuUm& jyKusifh&mwGif ol@tedefESifh ryg0ifa-umif; ajym-um;onf[kod&onf? od@k aomfvnf; tcif;jzpfygG ;&mwGiyf g0ifol oH;k OD;pvH;k udk zrf;qD;xm;_yD; usev f rl sm;rSm vGwaf jrmuf edefwkef;jzpfa-umif;od&onf? tbla,mhaemhrSm aus;&Gm &,u vl}uD;jzpf_yD; ol@udk,Hk-unfI qdik u f ,f aemufrv S u kd yf gvm&mrS uvdarao#EpS Of ;D rSm ,ckuo hJ @kd tjzpfq;kd ESi}hf uHK&jcif;jzpfa-umif; od&onf? (uvdarao#ESpfOD;trnfudk rvdktyfojzifh raz: jyvdkufyg? vdktyfolrsm;[dygu tD;ar;vfrS wqifhawmif;,lEkdifygonf?)
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vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
25
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
January,2011
?
&aohawmif+rdK@e,fu f touf 17-ESptf &G,f uvdaracsESpaf ,muf tqGcJ &H +yD;au AvuUm& jyKusifch &H 1/ 3/2011 e&dOP&m(owif;) &ckdifjynfe,f &aohawmif_rdK@e,frS udk;wefaumufaus;&GmrS touf17=ESpft&G,f uvdaracs ESpfOD;rSm rlqvif ukvm;rsm;. tqGJcH&_yD;aemuf AvuUm& jyKusifhcH&a-umif;owif;&[donf? AvuUm&jyKusifhcH&ol uvdaracsESpfOD;rSm &aohawmif_rdK@e,fawmifydkif; ar,lurf;wGif wnf[d aom udk;wefaumufaus;&GmrS(b) OD;ausmfcdkiforD;(17=ESpf)ESifh (b)OD;ausmfwdefarmif orD; (17=ESpf)&dk@jzpf-uonf? jzpfyGm;yHkESifhywfowf_yD; jrif;vGwf epu pcef;rS t&m[dwOD;u ajym-um;&mwGif 'DZifbmv 19=&ufedef@u tqdkygtrsKd;orD;i,fESpfOD;rSm tiHkarmfukefwef;aus;&GmrS uvdaracs&dk@ edefxdkif&m aus;&Gm ud;k wefaumufo@kd pyg;xnf&h ef tdwcf rHG sm;0,f,I l vmpOf vrf;wGif tqGcJ &H a-umif;ajym -um;onf? 4if;tjyif tqdkyg epu t&m[du “a'tr+rSm t"duw&m;cHwdu tmbl,laemh ausmufyef;wl &,u tzGJ@0ifeef@ usefausmufyef;wl&Gmu Ek&ftmavmifeef@ csKyful oHk;OD;udk zrf;qD;xm;yga&? tr+eef@ywfouf_yD; ppfaq;edefwkef;jzpfyga&? usefESpfOD;uawmhcg vGwfedefyga&? w&m;cHtm;vHk; uawmhau armifawm_rdK@e,f ausmufyef;wlaus;&Gmu jzpfyga&”[k ajymonf? ,if;trsKd;orD;i,fESpfOD;rSm tqGJcH&_yD; 9=&uf cef@t-um 'DZifbmv29=&ufedef@u armifawm _rdK@e,f tv,foHausmfwdkufe,faq;&HkwGif qD;ppfca-umif; a'ocHrsm;uajymonf? “,if;uvdaracs&dk@. trdtzwdeef@twlwl qD;vmppfuwfyga&? uvdaracswdu ti,facs&m [dygodrfha&? q&m0ef&dk@u ZmpGmajyma&mifqdkpGmudkawmh u|efawmf&dk@vnf; twdtusrod&odrfh yg? ol&dk@u &aohawmif_rdK@e,fujzpfawtwGuf ,if;rao#wdudk AvuUm&jyKusifhcHa&tcsdefu 0wfxm;a& t0wftpm;wdudk &aohawmif_rdK@e,feef@ oufqdkifvdk@ &aohawmiffrSm quf_yD;au ppfzdk@ !$ef-um;a&vdk@ajymyga&”[k a'ocHwOD;uajymonf?
24
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
@
January,2011
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
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vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
5
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
January,2011
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aeomvefEikd if YH a&muf[ed ed af om q&mcdik af tmif0if;vnf; ,if;acgi;f aqmifatmfaigupf Of rdrEd iS hf twl[dedefygonf? atmfaigufajymqdkqufqHr_udk &Jabmfrsm;r}udKufouJhodk@ acgif;aqmifrsm;vnf; ESpfoufoabmus=urnfr[kwfay? acgif;aqmifrsm;tay: atmfaigufajymqdkqufqHr_onf Adkvf&mZm. t"dutm;enf;csufwck jzpfedefcJhayrnf? odk@aomf Adkvf&mZm. ,if;odk@jyKrl ajymqdk qufqrH u _ kd r}udKufa=umif; Adv k &f mZmtay: a0zefaxmufjyr_ jyKvkycf o hJ nf/ rjyKvkycf q hJ o kd nfukd rdrdrajymEdkifay? odk@aomf rdrdavhvmwGd[doavmuf ,cif&cdkifjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS 0g&ifh acgif; aqmif}uD;rsm;jzpf=uaom OD;ode;f azESihf OD;armifped jf rwd@k onf Adv k &f mZm. ,if;od@k ajymqdk qufqH r_udk t+idK;xm;cJh=uonf? a'olacs udk,fhtzavmuf[dolrsm;udk TuJhodk@qufqH ajymqdk&o vm;[lI t+idK;xm;cJh=u+yD; pcef;xJY Adkvf&mZmr[dpOf tvdkuftidkufudk tuGufacsmif;edef =uaom &cdkifjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS acgif;aqmifwpkOD;aqmifI vufeufodrf;cGJxGufr_ jyKvkyf cJh=uonf? rnfodk@yif vufeufrsm;qHk;,H_;ygpD Adkvf&mZmrSm &cdkifhawmfvSefa&;ESifhygwfoufI vHk;0 pdwf"gwfusjcif;/ pdwfysufjcif; r[day? ,if;vufeufodrf;r_ jzpfyGm;aomtcsdefonf OD;a&$om/ Adkvf&mZmtygt0if &cdkiftrsdK;om;nDnGwfa&;ygwDrS xdyfydkif;acgif;aqmifwcsdK@ tdENd,tpdk;& udk,fpm;vS,f&dk@ESifh e,l;a'vDY wGdqHkedefaom umvESifh wdkufqdkifedefygonf? &cdkifjynftrsdK;om; nDnGwfa&;ygwDrS xdyfydkif;acgif;aqmifwOD;. ajymjycsuft& &cdkifjynfuGefjrLepfygwD acgif;aqmif rsm;tjrifrSm tckumvrSmawmif a'avmufxd Adkvf&mZmxHY tEdSrfcHedef&v#if 4if;jyefvmv#if ydkItESdrfcH&rnf/ 4if;ra&mufcifvufOD;r_ ,lxm;rSjzpfrnf[k qHk;jzwfcsuftay: ,if;uJhodk@ vuf eufodrf;cGJxGufvm;jcif;jzpfonf[kqdkygonf? ,if;owif;udk =um;&aom OD;a&$omrSm rdrdonf &cdkifjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS acgif;aqmifwa,mufvnf;jzpfedef&m ,lusHK;r& cHpm;&+yD; &l;vm; rwwfatmif cHpm;edepf Of Adv k &f mZmu OuUX}uD; pdw"f gwrf usygauh rdrd quf}udK;pm;+yD; vufeuf rsm;udkpkaqmif;yD;ygrnf[k tm;yD;pum;yifajymcJhonf[k ,if;tpnf; ta0;wGif vdkufygcJhonfh &cdkifjynftrsdK;om;nDnGwfa&;ygwDrS xdyfydkif;acgif;aqmifwOD;rS ajymjyygonf? &cdkifjynfuGefjrL epfygwrD S OD;aqmifI ,if;od@k cx JG u G +f yD;aemufyikd ;f ,if;&d@k . acgi;f aqmifO;D a&$omtm; qGaJ qmif&m OD;a&$omu rif;&dk@ighudk owfcsifau owfypfca0? rif;&dk@ aemufudkawmhigrvdkufa0[k tjywf towfjiif;qdkI &cdkiftrsdK;om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;twGuf tpGrf;ukef}udK;pm; aqmif&Guf vmcJyh gonf? 2001-ckEpS f (4) ygwD rsuEf mS pHn k D tpnf;ta0; jyKvkypf OftcgYvnf; OD;a&$omtm; ,if;. aemufvdkufrsm;jzpfcJhol DPA acgif;aqmifrsm;u ,if;&dk@ESifh vufwGJaqmif&Gufzdk@ zdwfac: csufudkvnf; OD;a&$om tjywftowf jiif;cJhygonf? awmfvSefa&;c&D;onf cufxef=urf;wrf;I tcuftcJtrsdK;rsdK;udk &ifqdkifjzwfoef; ausmfv$m;&ygonf? Tcufxef=urf;wrf;aomc&D;Y touftE W&m,ft[dqHk; wm0efudk Adv k &f mZm &uf&ufa&ma&m xrf;aqmifc&hJ o kH mru rdrrd mS t&nftcsi;f r[dI rdru d kd tjcm;wm0ef rsm;udk rtyfEiS ;f ygEiS /hf acgi;f aqmifrsm;om wm0ef,al qmif&u G yf g? rdru d |r;f usiaf om yifv,fjyifY b¾maiGaumufcHa&;ESifh awmfvSefa&;edef+rDodk@ vufeufo,f,lydk@aqmifa&; vkyfief;wm0efrsm;
6
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
@
January,2011
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
v&dyfwdrfzHk; rdk;}udK;csHK;cdkuf wpfvHk;=u,fpif xGuf[efjyifonf toifvlrdkuf ighp&dkufudk pifppfa'cg vGrf;rdk;&m[k rm,mwefcdk; oifhraemjzifh wdk;wdk;}uHzef oifh0dnmOfvnf; {uHvrif; igh&ifwGif;Y tvif;0Djzm yD;Edkifygvdrfh ighrSmrSef;q &uQdwwnf; ? va&mifuG,faysmuf =u,fa&mifatmufrm vrf;av#mufydk;pkef; oifhudkE_ef;I jynfvHk;tm;+ydKif oifuEdkifonf &cdkift&dk; rD;armif;xdk;rnfh tbdk;aiGv pENmycdkuf irdkuf}u,fpif eifvkvifum; yv†if0D;uGm oifha&mif0gvnf; nrSmrawmuf edef@rSmaysmufvdrfh iatmufedef&m a&$wrmwef; =u,fpifEGrf;I a&cJxrf;!Suf qD;zufawmf0if rlvdrfhrnf ? odk haomf a'edef@awmcg =u,fpifawmufaomnwpfn? "n-arS m f (7 / 1 / 2011)
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
23
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
January,2011
?
,if;tjyif OD;aqmifol acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfonfh OD;cdkifatmifausmfrSvnf; rnfonfhtwGufaumifh ,ckuJhodk@ ,ltef&Hk;&SdwGif &cdkifom;rsm; pk&Hk;qENjy&onfudk ,ckuJhodk@ajymonf? “&cdkifqdkpGm udk,fhxD; udk,fhcsif; udk,fhxD;eef;eef@ edefxdkifvma& vlrsKd;wrsKd;jzpfyga&? udk,fhxD; udk,fhcsif; udk,fhxD;eef;eef@ edefxdkifca& &cdkifhEdkifiHawmfa&(1784)=ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv(31)=&ufedef@rSm Armbk&ifbdk;awmfarmif0dkif;u usL;ausmfe,fcsJ@0ifa&muf odrf;ydkufca&twGuf &ckdifEdkifiHawmf usqHk;c&a&? tckqdkau ESpfaygif;(226)=ESpf [dedefygAsm,f? e,fcsJ@odrf;ydkufcH&a&tcsdefrSm &cdkif vlrsKd; ESpfodef;ausmfoDqHk;c&a&? usefa&vlwdvnf; tdENd,udkxGuf_yD;_yD;au wcsKd@uvnf; tck b*Fvm;a'hcsfjzpfaw EdkifiHudkxGuf_yD;cuwf&a&? roDbJusefedefvdkufaw &ckdiftrsKd;om;xJu rsKd;qufopf(5)qufajrmufjzpfaw u|efawmf&dk@a& &cdkifvlrsKd;tjzpf&yfwnf_yD;[dedefyga&? &cdkif vlrsK;d tjzpf &yfwnfeed x f ikd v f ma& u|eaf wmf&@kd a& &cdik jf ynf.tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk jyefvckd siv f @kd ukvor*~&Hk;&Sdudkvm;yem udkvdkeDpepfudkzsufodrf;zdk@ awmif;qdk&pGmjzpfyga&? atcsifha& w&m;a&? rSefuefa&?” aemufxyf wufa&mufvmol udak usmrf if;uvnf; ,ckjyKvky&f onfrmS e,l;a,mufrmS yxrqH;k t}udrfjzpfyga&? ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;yg;odk@wdkuf&dkuf pm&D;om;yD;ydk@&vdk@vnf; u|efawmfuaumif;0rf;omyga&? aemufxyf_yD;au v+yf,Sm;r+wdqufvkyfvm;zdk@ tpDtpOf [dodrfha-umif; ajymqdkonf? OD;aqmif&mwGifyg0ifol &cdkifvli,fwOD;jzpfol udkbcifuvnf; atmifjrifr+ (75)&mckdifE+ef; &[d onf[k ajym_yD; rdrd&dk@rSm &ckdifjynfrS rdkifaygif; 500=ausmf0D;uGmedefa& edef&mwGif a&muf[dedef aomfvnf; &ckdifjynfolwdeef@ tyg;qHk;edef&mrSm a&muf[dedefa-umif;ajymqdkonf? jynfywGif a&muf[ed ed af & &ckid t f rsK;d om;wduv kd nf; ol&@kd eef@twl vufwaJG qmif&u G v f m;uwfz@kd oluajym -um;onf? tcrf;tem;udk ede@fcif;zuf(12)em&DrSm pwifc_yD;(2)em&DwGif tqHk;owfca-umif;od&onf?
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22
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
@
January,2011
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
udkom rdrdxrf;aqmifyg&pD[k awmif;qdkzl;onf[k avhvmwGd[d&ygonf? Adkvf&mZmonf awmfvSefa&;'%fa=umifh pdwfzdpD;r_rsm;udkcHpm;&I awmfvSefa&;+yD;qHk;ygu at;aq;pGmjzifh b0udk tqH;k owfcsio f w l a,mufjzpfygonf? &cdik jf ynftrsKd ;om;nDnw G af &;ygwD A[dXk mecsKyf&;kH Y Adv k &f m ZmESit hf wl[ed ed pf Of Adv k &f mZmu rxifrw S b f J ta0vif;atmif igawmfveS af &;+yD;au awmif,m vkyfpm;+yD;au at;at;aq;aq; edefvm;zdk@a,vwf? rdrduvnf; awmfvSefa&;+yD;au wdkif;jynf jyefvnfxlaxmifp&m vkyfief;wd trsm;}uD; [dygoda&? Adkvf&mZmydkif t&nftjcif;[da& vlw a,mufu ,if;ydkifa,Smifwkwfvm;cvdk@r&yg? ,if;ydkifa,Smifwkwfvdk@edefauavh tm;"rR zrf;ac: +yD;au wdkif;jynfjyefvnfxlaxmifa&; vkyfief;rSm wm0efyD;&zdk@pGmAsm,f? t&nftjcif; r[dbJ rkef;wdrkef;a=umifESifh 0ifa&mufpGufzufvma&vlwdudkavh zrf;csKyfypf&zdk@pGmAsm,f[k acsyajymqdk vdkuf&m Adkvf&mZm aemufxyfquf+yD; awmif,mvkyfpm;rnf[k rajymawmhay?
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vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
7
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
January,2011
?
apmifx h ed ;f uwfvD tztrGD ("n=arSm)f
a'p=ufm0VmxJrmS a'urBm+*dKvfwnf[ed ed o f &Gd vlom;wdik ;f .&ifxrJ mS vnf; ol@xufig omcsiaf &qEN / vlrsKd ;wpfrsKd ;udk wpfrsKd ;utkycf sKyfp;kd rd;k csiaf &qEN / tm;enf;a&owW0gwpfaumifukd armufrmoefpGrf;a&owW0gwpfaumifu EdkifxufpD;eif; owfjzwfpm;aomufcsifa&qENwda& oGD;om;eef@twl ol&dk@.&ifxJrSm xm0&udef;0yfedefuwfzdk@jzpfyga&? Zmb0 Zmacwfudkyifa&muf vDywfpD a'twWwda& a'ajrurBmay:rSmwpfcgvnf; &dk;pif;vm;vDzdk@r[kwfyg? ,if;enf;wl t*kjrefrmwpfEdkifiHvHk;. tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk &,lydkifqdkifxm;a& Armtpd;k &onfyifvnf; &cdik jf ynfeef@ &cdik v f rl sKd ;tygt0if wjcm;wdik ;f &if;om;&d@k . vGwv f yfre_ ef@ wef;wltcGifhta&;udk wcgvnf;yD;csifvDzdk@r[kwfyg? Zmjzpfvdk@vnf;qdkau jrefrmEdkifiHwpf0Srf; vHk;rSm ArmvlrsdK;wpfckwnf;&m [d&zdk@qdka& &nf&G,fcsufwd ol&dk@.&ifxJrSmoGD;om;eef@twl jynfhESufedefaumif;edefygvdrfhar? ,if;twGufeef@&mvnf; &cdkifjynf.ordkif;tajcus&m edef&m wpfckjzpfonfh +rdK@awmfajrmufOD;rS &SD;a[mif;,Ofaus;r_ trGDtESpfwdudk oG,f0dkufawenf;eef@ +zdKzsufpD;edefpGmjzpfyga&? ,if;ydkifeef@&mvnf; ajrmufOD;+rdK@[d wHwdkif;wd/ usHK;wd/ aemufqHk; bk&m; ykxdk;ZmwDwdygrusef +zdKzsuf+yD;au &xm;vrf;azmufvkyfedefjcif;jzpfyga&? Zmjzpfvdk@qdkau vlrsdK;wpfck. ordkif;tpOfvm/ &dk;&mtpOfvmwdjrifhjrwfr_wda& ,if;vlrsdK;wd. ,Ofaus;r_trGD tESpfjzpfaw &SD;a[mif;ausmufqpfvuf&mwdtay:rSm vHk;0rlwnfedefa&wGufa=umifhjzpfyga&? ,if; &SD;a[mif;ausmufqpfvuf&mwdudk=unfhjcif;tm;jzifh &cdkifjynf. twdwfuyHkv$mjzpfca& omoema&mif0gxGef;awmufcjcif; / pD;yGm;a&;pnfyif0+zdK;cjcif; / udk,fydkifxD;eef;eef@tpOftvm }uD;pGmedefcuwfjcif;wdudk &cdkifvlrsdK;wdkif;vufndK;xdk;jyp&m ajrmufOD;+rdK@[dedefyga&? ,if;trGDt ESpfwdudk&m usaemf&dk@ trSefuef qHk;&H_;ysufpD;cH&zdk@Asm,fqdkau &cdkifvlrsdK;wd. aemufcHordkif;tm rcHcsufudk vufndK;xdk;jyp&moufoDr[dygAsm,f? t*kusaemf&dk@rSm ajrmufOD;+rdK@ ,Ofaus;r_t rGDtESpfwd / bk&m;ykxdk;ZmwDwd vufndK;xdk;jyp&m trsm;}uD;[dauawmifrS Arma,mufpd a,muf p d k i f u rif ; wd k @ &cd k i f r S m pmr&S d b l ; rif ; wd k @ awG u d k , f h x D ; ud k , f h e ef ; eJ @ aevmcJ h w ,f q d k b, b,frSrmS vJeef; / b,frSmvJxD; vdk@trdef;cHzl;pGm ESpfcgoHk;cgavmufusygAsm,f? tcdsK@u rif;wdk@ &cdkif[m&Gm}uD;}uD;vm; vdk@vnf;rdef;uwfyga&? trSefa'vlwdpGm A[kokwenf;yg;a&vlwd r[kwfyg? vlwpfzufom;udk wodwreftpdk;&tm;udk;eef@ }uJwJa=umifawmif apmfum;edefpGmyg? rcHEikd v f @kd tjiif;csuw f ifusau xD;G owfuwfp&m[dygAsm,f? wu,fv@kd usaemf&@kd rmS &m vufnKd ; xdk;jyp&m ordkif;taxmuftxm;[dauawmcg xm;vdkufzd? vlrsdK;ygaysmufvDygzdk@Asm,f/ ,if; twGuef ef@vnf; Armtpd;k &pGm &xm;vrf;udt k a=umif;jyvd@k &cdik ;f zd;k zD;ydik f &S;D a[mif;trGt D ESpw f u d kd zsupf ;D edepf mG jzpfyga&? ol&@kd awmcg ol&@kd .aumufusppf mG zsupf ;D r_ukd &cdik o f m;wd rodem;rvnfv@kd xifyg vdrahf r? &cdik v f rl sKd ;wdik ;f uawmcg Edik if aH &;tzG@J tpnf;wdeef@ qufE, G ef ed af &vlwd / &S;D a[mif; 8
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
@
January,2011
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
4if;jyifolu &cdkifjynfwGif udkvdkeDpepfudk zsufodrf;yD;zdk@ awmif;qdk&a&ta-umif;t&if;udkvnf; ,ckuo hJ @kd ajymonf? “u|eaf wmfZma-umifh udv k ekd pD epfuzkd suo f rd ;f zd@k awmif;qd&k vJqakd u &cdik jf ynf a& vGwfvyfaw wdkif;jynfwjynf jzpf_yD;(1784)=ckESpfrSm Armbk&if bdk;awmfarmif0dkif;u usL;ausmf0if a&mufodrf;ydkufca&twGuf udkvdkeD vufatmufct H jzpfusa&mufc&yga&? ,if;tcsed u f p_yD;au u|eaf wmf&@kd rmS udk,fhuH-urRmudk,fzefwD;cGifhr[d? ud, k o hf rdik ;f ud, k af zmfxw k yf ikd cf iG rhf [d? u|efawmf&dk@rSm udk,fhpmyDudkudk,f oifcGifhr[d? udk,fh&dk;&m/ udk,fh,Of aus;r+udk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufydkif cGifhr[d? u|efawmf&dk@rSm vlrsKd;wrsKd;twGuf tajccHusa& tcGifhta&;wdudk t}uD;tus,f qHk;,+H;edef&yga&? u|efawmf&dk@rSm tcktcsdefrSm vlom;wa,muftwGuf tcGifhta&;/ vlrsKd;wrsKd; twGuf tcGifhta&;qdkpGm vHk;0wckvnf;r[dyg? ckydkifjzpfedefpGma& &ckdifjynfudk udkvdkeDu|efjyKxm; a&twGufa-umifhjzpfyga&? ,if;a-umifh &cdkifjynfu ArmudkvdkeDpepfudk zsufodrf;yD;zdk@ awmif;qdk &pGmjzpfyga&?” qENjyyGJudk 0rf;enf;txdrf;trSwftedefjzihfjyKvkyfc_yD;au tcrf;tem;odk@ vlaygif;(30)cef@ wuf a&mufc_yD;au &cdik t f rsK;d om;xJu acgi;f aqmifwOD;jzpfol a'guw f mat;ausmv f nf; wufa&muf vm_yD; tzGifhrdef@cGef;ajym-um;conf[kod&onf? tcrf;tem;t_yD;wGif ukvor*~ taxGaxG twGif;a&;rSL;tygt0if tar&dueftpkd;&ESifh tD;,lEdkifiHrsm;/ wjcm;EdkifiHtoD;oD;[d udkvdkeDzsuf odrf;a&;&Hk;rsm;odk@vnf; &cdkifjynfwGifwnf[dedefaom udkvdkeDpepfudkzsufodrf;yD;&ef awmif;qdkc uwfonf? pmxJwGif &D;om;xm;aom ta-umif;t&mrsm;udkvnf; udkvSaX;u,ckuJhodk@ ajymonf? “pmxJrSmyga& t"du tcsuftvufwduawmhcg ckem;uajymca&twdkif;ygAsm,f? &ckdifjynfpGm vl@tcGifhta&; csKd;azmufr+udk enf;rsKd;pHkeef@cHedef&yga&? acwftqufqufrSmvnf; cHc&yga&? ppftpdk;&wufvma&tcsdefrSmvnf; Armwdeef@ rwla& vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr+wdudk cHedefuwf &yga&? vlrsKd;wrsKd;twGuf vkyfydkifcGifh/ ajymydkifcGifh/ qdkydkifcGifh wckavhr[dyg? atpGmwdudk axmufjy yga&? (1960)/'DZifbm(14)&uf edef@rSmurBmhukvor*~u udkvdkeDpepfudk zsufodrf;cyga&? udkvdkeD jyKcH&a&Edik if w H d vGwaf jrmuf&zd@k q_kd yD;au xkwjf yefa-umfnmcsuw f [ d yd ga&? ,if;csiw hf u d kd axmuf jy_yD;au udkvdkeDpepfudk zsufodrf;yD;zdk@ awmif;qdkxm;a&”vdk@ajymonf?
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
21
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
January,2011
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csif;uyf+yD;au edefuwfyga&? wpfaumifeef@wpfaumifuyfxm;jcif;jzifh cE<mudk,ftylcsdef (body temperature) udk xdef;uwfyga&? tjyifu vD=urf;0ifpGmudkvnf; umxm;a&oabm[dyga&? pnf;0dkif;ykHpHoabmeef@ trsm;pku twGif;bufrSm usuwf+yD;au wcsKd@u tjyifbuf pnf;ywf vnfrSm ywf+yD;auedefuwf&yga&? a,cgtjyifbufpnf;em;u taumifwda& tqdk;&Gm;qkH; vD'%f/ ttD;'%fudkcHuwf&yga&? ,if;twGufa=umifh tjyifbufutaumifeef@twGif;xJu taumifwd t+rJwrf;edef&mvSJuwfyga&? wpfa,mufwpfvSnfhpD tvSnfhus wm0ef,l+yD;au ppnf;vvkH;eef@ urBmht=urf;qkH;&moDOwkudk wpfESpfrSm 4-v ausmfpD jzwfoef;uwfyga&? tvSnfhus wm0ef,lwwfawpdwfr[d/ pnf;urf;ao0wfr_vnf;r[dqkdauawmh yef*Gif;wdb0 qufvuf&yfwnfzdk@ jzpfEdkifzdk@r[kwfyg? usaemf&dk@&cdkifol/ &cdkifom;wdrSmvnf; yif*Gif;iSufwdydkif aqmif; 4-v &mr[kwfbJeef@ edef@pOfeef@tr# b0&yfwnfzdk@twGuf &kef;uefedefuwf&yga&? qdk;&Gm;vSa& acwfqdk;pepfqdk; qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;}uD; usedefyga&? ab;ywf0ef;usifrSmvnf; usqkH;zkd@ &cdkifol&cdkifom;wdudk pm;zdk@twGuf V'wd (Vif;') wduvnf; tqifoifh apmifhedefuwfyga&? at'kuQrkefwdkif;}uD;a& csucf si;f vufiif; aysmufu, G v f m;zk@d taetxm;rSm r[dyg? }uH}h uHch H &ifqikd v f m;zk@d &m [deed yf ga&? Zmydkif &ifqdkifuwfygzdk@vJ? ‘&cdkif’qdka& vlr_taqmufttkHwpfck wnfwHhzdk@twGuf Zmydkif qufvkyfuwfygzdk@vJ? tajymtvkyfudky,fvdk@ yif*Gif;iSufwdydkif tvSnfhuswm0efodod/ ppnf; vvkH;/ pnf;urf;[d[deef@ vufwGd taumiftxnfrazmfoifhuwfygvm;? q (Zefe0g&D 24/ 2011 ckESpf?)
udv k ekd pD ep epffuzkd su sufford f;yD;&e &eff &cdik ftrsKd;om;rsm;u e,l;a,mu a,muff UN &H;k &&SS rd mS qENjyawmif;qdk e&dOP&m (owif;) 226=ESpfajrmuf &cdkifjynftcsKyftjcmtm%musqHk;a&edef@rSm &cdkiftrsKd;om;rsm;u e,l;a,muf ukvor*~&Hk;&Sdodk@ vm;a&muf_yD; &ckdifjynfrSm ArmudkvdkeDvufatmufodk@usa&mufedefvkd@ udkvdkeD pepfudk tqHk;owfzsufodrf;yD;zdk@ awmif;qdkqENjycuwfa&vdk@ owif;&[donf? qENjyyGJudk pDpOf&mwGif OD;aqmifyg0ifolwa,mufjzpfaw udkvSaX;u qENjyyGJwGif awmif;qdkca& awmif;qdck suu f kd tckyikd af jym-um;onf? “t"du u|eaf wmf&@kd UN &H;k &Su d kd vm;a&muf_yD; &cdik jf ynf rSm udkvdkeDpepfudk tqHk;owfzsufodrf;yD;zdk@ awmif;qdkca&”[kajymonf?
20
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
@
January,2011
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
okawoDwdrSr[kwf rd&dk;zvmvkyfudkifpm;aomufedefa& awmifolv,form;wduygrusef nu aygufawtacswduyg Armtpdk;&taeeef@ &cdkifhvlr_b0udk pmemaxmufxm;vdk@ vrf;yrf;quf oG,fa&;vG,fulpDzdk@twGuf apwemeef@ a'&xm;vrf;udk azmufvkyf&pGmr[kwfbJ &cdkifvlrsdK; wd.tem*wftvif;a&mifukd &du k cf sKd ;zsupf ;D edepf mG &mjzpfyga=umif;udk &cdik o f l &cdik ;f om;wdik ;f od[d em;vnf+yD;jzpfauvnf; a'jzpf&yfqdk;wd&yfwef@zdk@ r}udK;pm;EdkifpGmu &cdkifvlrsdK;wdtaeeef@ uaumif;}uD;nhHzsif;r_wpfckyg? ,if;txJrSm usaemfvnf;wpfa,muftygt0ifyg? ,auavhaomh Armtpdk;&taeeef@ Zmavmufyif&ufpuf=urf;=uKwfywfpD tod Om%f=uG,f0a& vlom;wdeef@twl todr=uG,fa&owW0gwdrSmvnf;aomh rdrdtoufpnf;pdrf /td;k tdr&f @kd rqH;k ,H;_ rysupf ;D &atmif rdrv d rl sKd ;/ rdrw d ikd ;f jynf&@kd olrsm;wdik ;f jynfrjzpf&atmif ud, k &hf ;kd &m udk,fhbmompum; / udk,fh,Ofaus;r_wd rwdrfaumryaysmuf&atmif enf;vrf;udk,fpD[d+yD; om;r[kwfauvnf;aomh enf;rsdK;pHkeef@ acwfumvtvdkuf umuG,fwm;qD;uwf&yga&? vlrsdK; wpfrsdK;/ wdkif;jynfwpfjynftaeeef@ a'ajray:uuG,faysmufvm;zdk@jzpfpD/ acwfrDzGH@jzdK;aom EdkifiH wpfckay:aygufvmzdk@jzpfpD / ,if;vlrsdK;wd. ZmwdoGD;/ Zmwdrmef/ trsdK;oDvudk apmifhxdef;r_/ udk,fhvlrsdK;tay:udk txif}uD;av;pm;r_wdtay:rSmrlwnfyga&? vGefvcAsm,fjzpfaw Armhacgif; aqmifwpfa,mufawmcg &cdkifeef@rDGyDG;udk+ydKifwlwGdau rDGyDG;udkaemufxm;vdk@ &cdkifudk t,if owf uwfv@kd vlrqef/ a*gi;f aqmifryDopGm rdi_ ;f wdu k af =uG;a=umfxm;cyg,if/h xd@k twl u&if vlrsKd ;qdpk mG vnf; aemifvmaemufom;wd jywdkufrSm&mjrifzl;pD&zdk@vdk@ Armhppfacgif;aqmif tcsdK@u }uHK;0g;c uwfawvdk@=um;zl;yg,ifh? ,auvnf;aomh &cdkifvlrsdK;vnf;aomh u&ifvlrsdK;yg a'edef@xd a' ajray:rSm wnfwef@cikd +f rJeed w f ek ;f awmifru a'p=ufm0Vmay:rSm a'urBmwnf[ed ed o f &Gd &cdik v f rl sKd ; eef@ &cdkifjynfonfvnf; a'ajray:rSm qHk;cef@wdkif&Sifoefwnfwef@pD&rnfjzpfonf? wnf wef@cdkif +rJpDzdk@twGufvnf; enf;vrf;aygif;pHkeef@ atmifyGJcHEdkifonftxd &cdkifol&cdkifom;wdkif; wm0ef wpf&yftjzpf rdrdudk,frdrdcH,lum }udK;pm;uwf&zdk@jzpfyga&? oHk;q,fhwpfzHkYusifvnf=uukefaom teE W0ded,owW0gtaygif;&kd@. udk;uG,f&m to#ifocifjzpfawmfrlaomoAŠŠnK jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonfum;atmifjcif;&Spfyg;udk arwWm/ *&k %meef@&m atmifjrifawmfrlcvD.? ,auvnf;aomh Armtpdk;&. twWrD;eef@ &ckdifhjynfol vlxktay: rnmrwm&ufpufr_/ vlrsdK;a&;0g;rsdKcHedef&r_wdudkawmcg arwWm/ *&k%meef@ vHk;0 ratmifjrifpGmawmau aocsma&vdk@,Hk=unfrdyga&? awmif;yefjcif;? ?a'aqmif;yg;a& &cdkifvlrsdK;tcsif;csif;oGD;ruGJbJ pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfr_&&Sdzdk@ &nf&G,f+yD;/ Armrkef;wD;a&;r[kwfa=umif;eef@/ &cdkifrsdK;cspftiftm;pk A P F .tjrif oabmxm; tmabmfr[kwfbJ 4if;rStzGJ@0ifwpfOD;wpfa,mufwnf;. &ifwGif;jzpftjrif&mjzpfyga=umif; odpDtyfygonf? q
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
9
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
January,2011
r[dpGmudkxkwfjy rodpGmudk *k%f,l olwvligwrif;eef@ tcsif;csif;&dkif;yif;r+r[duwfAsm,f? o[Zmwrusor# nD!Gwfr+qdkpGma0vg0D; aygif;pyfEdkifr+qdkpGm twdwfrSmusefczdk@Asm,fa,? csAdwfqHk;u edef_yD;au tdwfeef@vG,fzdk@Asm,fqdk*g ajzodrfhpum;vm; vdrfvnfr+vm; trSm;udktrSefxif udk,fhpGmudkudk,fpifwifedefuwfawaxg? twdwfrSm*sJtdyf&m0ifedefuwfau rdk;vif;zdk@qdkpGm r[dAsm,fa, tm&k%fOD; tzl;tyGifhudkqGwfcl;zdk@ vSrf;vwfuwfzd rsKd;qufopfvufrsm;? tm;qdkpGmoDewfwckwnf;r[kwf nD!Gwfr+tm;/ pnf;vHk;r+tm; aygif;pyfr+tm;/ Om%tm; um,tm;wdaygif;pkEdkifau oDewfavhwkwfjzpfvm;zdk@a,?
ckdifrif;!dk(16/ 1/ 2011)
10
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
?
@
January,2011
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
tpdk;&xH qENjyawmif;qdkuwf-uonf? vlxkpm;0wfedefa&; rzHkvHkvdk@ EdkifiHa&;vkyfonf[kvnf; t"dyg` ,zf iG q hf -kd uonf? wenf;tm;jzifh Edik if aH wmf. tm%mudk &,lcsiv f @kd [kvnf;t"dyg` ,zf iG q hf kd -uonf? EdkifiHa&;udk tqifhESpfqifhowfrSwfI vkyfvm-uonfudkvnf;wGdjrifvm&onf? EdkifiH awmf. tm%mudk &,lcsifIvkyfonfudk EdkifiHa&;[kowfrSwfvmuwf_yD;/ vlr+a&;/ rdrdtrsKd;om; a&;udk vdkufvkyfonfudk EdkifiHa&;r[kwf[kowfrSwfuwfonf? Oyrm=&cdkifom;wa,muf'kuQ a&mufvmv#if 0dkif;0ef;IulnD-uonf? &cdkiftcsif;csif;jzpfvdk@ulnDjcif;jzpfonf?tm%mudk &,l csifaomqENrygay? ,edef@&cdkifvlrsKd;rsm;onfum; urBmhtjyifbufudka&mufedefauawmif EdkifiHa&;vkyfzdk@ 'l;wkefatmifa-umufedef-uodrfhonf? xdk@twGufa-umifh rdrd&dk@trsKd;om;a&;udkawmh tenf;qHk; xm;vdk@vkyfoihfygonf? vufeufuikd af wmfveS ;f a&;[lonf pm;yG0J ikd ;f Y ESv;kH &nfo;kH I/ Edik if aH &;enf;ESihf ajz,Si;f vd@k r&aomtcg tiftm;oH;k t-urf;zufajz,Si;f zd@k jzpfonf? ppfwu kd cf siv f @kd / &efvv kd @kd vlrsK;d a&;rke;f wD; vdk@ vufeufudkifaqmif&jcif;r[kwfay? Om%tm;/ w&m;tm;eef@r&v#if um,tm;udk toHk; jyK_yD; ajz,Sif;&efjzpfonf? vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;udk trsKd;om;awmfvSefa&;[kvnf; ac:qdk -uonf? trsKd;om;awmfvSefa&;[drS vlwef;pm;vGwfajrmufr+vnf;[dEdkifonf[k ordkif;q&m&@dk t,l[u d wfonf? xd@k a-umif; vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &;udk qifE&JG a-umif; wifjyvdu k &f ygonf?
q
(ausmx f ;l atmif) tE mW wduwdu k af & urBmw h u kd }f uD; ckEpS cf x k u J wpfwu kd jf zpfpmG udk vlwikd ;f oduwfyga&? wdkuf}uD;. (98) &mcdkifE_ef;udk &DcJwdeef@zkH;v$rf;xm;+yD;au urBmrSm vDwdkuft=urf;qkH; wdkuf}uD; wpfwdkufjzpfyga&? ukef;jrifha'orSm tylcsdefysrf;r#tE_wf (55) 'D*&DpifwD*&dwf(tE_wf 131 'D*&D zm&if[dkuf)[d+yD;au ukef;edrfha'owdrSm tE_wf(28) pifwD*&dwf(tE_wf 82 'D*&Dzm&if[dkuf) 0ef;usif[dwwfyga&? urBmh0if&dk;pGef;a'orSm wnf[da&twGufa=umifh tvif; 6-v tarSmif 6-v usa&mufyga&? 4-v ausmf=umanmif;a& aqmif;&moDa& tD;vGef;+yD; tarSmiftwd zkH;v$rf;edefwwfyga&? ,if;wdkufrSm yef*Gif;iSufao#wdedefxdkifuwfyga&? EGD&moDcg teD;tem; ork'&N mem;rSm ul;vl;pm;aomufuwf+yD;au aqmif;&moDusauawmh tE mW wduwdu k x f ufrmS yJ edefxdkifjzwfoef;uwfyga&? yef*Gif;iSufao#wdrSm t&Djym;eef@tr$D;wdygauavh atavmuf=urf; a&vD/ atavmufcsrf;a& ttD;"mwfeef@ tarSmifzkH;aqmif;&moDudkZmydkifjzwfoef;uwfygav? yef*Gif;iSufwda& tkyfpkzGJ@+yD;au edefwwfyga&? Zmudkvm;vm; ttkyfvdkufvm;uwf yga&? aqmif;&moDa&mufvmvk@d ttD;=urf;0ifvmAsm,fqpdk mG eef@ wpfaumifeef@wpfaumif cE<m
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
19
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
January,2011
?
wjyifavmufawmh avhvmzdk@ vdktyfonf? ,if;ydkifqdkv#if vufwGdvnf;us/ pmwGdvnf;usvdk@ tvkyfvkyf&mrSm Om%f&nf Om%foGD;udkvnf; ydkvdk@xufjrufpDEdkif_yD; tajrmftjrifvnf;}uD;vm Edik _f yD;/ &St d a&;udv k nf; jrifvmwwfygonf? rdrv d yk af om tvkyaf y:rSm&m opPm[dyg/ wm0efusyD g/ pnf;urf;[dyg/ qefpdwpd i&kwfoD;acs wvHk;r# rqHk;,+H;pDauh? rdrdvkyfvdkonfhtvkyfudk&m u|rf; usiaf tmif}udK;pm;yg? qufo, G af &;pepfuu kd sio hf ;kH yg? ,if;vkyif ef;udu k |r;f usirf S ,if;vkyt f m;u oifb h 0udk xde;f ausmif;Edik rf nfomjzpfonf? ZmolaX;/ Zmynmwwf/ ZmEdik if aH cgi;f aqmifuvnf; tm;vHk; ukefatmifrwwfEdkifyg? wckckudk u|rf;usifvkyfwwfatmif}udK;pm;yg? udk,fu|rf;usif onfhynmjzifh toufrGD;0rf;ausmif;jyKyg? uJh&JhcH&jcif;/ wdkufcdkufcH&jcif;/ a0zefcH&jcif;udk cHEdkif&nf [dyg? rdrdvkyfaomtvkyfudk ormtmZD0ususeef@vkyfyg? ynm&yfrsm;udku|rf;usifzdk@twGuf 4=5ESpfavmufawmh twGdt}uHKudk jzwfoef; avhvm&ayvdrfhrnf? ynmqdkonfrSm psD;a&mif;wwfjcif;onfvnf; ynmwckyg/ yef;xdef/ yef;&H tpcyfodrf;jzpfonf? rdrdu|ef;usifaomynm&yfudk pdkufpdkufrwfrwfvkyfEdkifrS xdkvkyfief;eef@ ywfowfvdk@ rdwf&vm_yD;/ rdwf&v#if rdrdvkyfief;wGifus,fvmojzifh rdrdvkyfief;atmifjrifvmI b0vnf;wdk;wufvmrnfjzpfonf? ZmolaX;vnf; ede@f csi;f &ufcsi;f wESpw f nf;eef@oal X;rjzpfEikd ?f v,fvyk if ef;eef@ atmifjrif vmol/ ukefvkyfief;eef@atmifjrifvmol/ psD;qdkifa&mif;,if;atmifjrifvmol xdkol&dk@wdum; ol@ vkyfief;udk pl;csvkyfolrsm;omjzpfonf? xdkuJhodkjzpfatmif rdrd.tvkyfcGifwnf_rJEdkifrS rdrdtay: tvkyfo#if,Hk-unfvmEdkifrS ,if;tvkyfcGifrS tusKd;aus;Zl;udk cHpm;Edkifrnfjzpfonf? ,if;tusKd; aus;Zl;udkcHpm;EdkifrS rdrdvnf;jynfhpHkaomolaX;tjzpfodk@a&mufEdkifrnfjzpfonf? tajymif;t&Gd rrsm;pDygESifh? udk,fjynfhpHkvma&edef@a&mufau olrsm;udkyD;urf; pGef@}uJzdk@vnf;rrdauhtHk@? wdkif; a&;/ jynfa&;/ EdkifiHa&;/ bmoma&;tpcyfodrf;&dk@rSm udk,fEdkifa&tqD xrf;aqmifoifhayonf? wEdkiform;udk wEdkifwydkif&dk@u 0dkif;&HEdkifa& tusdK;aqmifu¾&dk@rSmvnf; yg0ifEdkifa& pdwfedefpdwf xm;rsKd;vnf; rGD;xm;zdk@vkdonf? wEdkifoludk wEdkifwydkif&dk@u 0dkif;&HEdkifrS Edkifolatmifvdk@ jynfvnf; _idrf;zdk@ vlrsKd;vnf;wifhzdk@jzpfonf? EdkifiHa&;qdkvdk@ tcGifh}uHKvdk@ EdkifiHa&;t"dy`g,fudk pm&GD;olavhvmrdoavmuf/ rdrdOm%f &nfrSDoavmuf &GD;om;az: jyvdkufygrnf? trSefawmh EdkifiHa&;udkt"dy`g,fzGifhzdk@ tvGefcufcJ eufenf;ygonf? EdkifiHa&;t"dy`g,fudkzGifhjyvdk@ rdrdtm;EdkifiHa&;q&m}uD; wa,muftjzpf rjrifpD csifyg? rdrdodoavmuf rSwfoavmuf avhvmrdoavmufudk jynfolwdudk odpDcsifa&qENjzifh r#0Da&oabmyg&m? EdkifiHa&;udk rdrd&dk@vlwpkem;vnf&Hkavmufeef@r_yD; ? jynfoltm;vHk; em;vnf vm_yD;rS &cdik ahf wmfveS af &;vnf; txajrmufvmrnfjzpfonf? vlwt d m;vH;k a& Edik if aH &;udk vkyef ed f uwfonf? EdkifiHa&;[lonf tvkyfvkyfvdk@anmif;I tdyfedefonfudkvnf; EdkifiHa&;[kajymqdkEdkif ayonf? odk@aomfvnf;rwlnDuwf-uay? wcsKd@u udk,fusKd;pGef@_yD; trsm;aumif;usKd;twGuf vkyfonf? wcsKd@uudk,fusKd;twGuf&mvkyf-uonf? wcsKd@u rdrdapwem[doavmuf vkyfuwf onf? wcsKd@u udk,fusKd;pGef@tepfemcHI vkyf&aomta-umif;&if;u tkyfcsKyfoltpdk;&u w&m; r#wr+r[dI jynfol&dk@ tiwfab;ESifh &ifqdkifvm&aomtcg vlxktHk-uGr+}uD;ay:aygufvm_yD; 18
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
@
January,2011
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif (ausmfjrwfOD;)
avmu}uD;rSm &Sio f efz@kd vD,LS &a&ydik f vD,LS vdu k w f ikd ;f rSmavh twWacswpfck uyfygepD mG udk owdjyKrduwfygzdk@? twWudkta=umif;jyKvdk@&mavh ‘ig’ qdkyemjzpfvmuwfaw?ighvlrsdK;/ ighbm om/ igo h moemudk jrwfE;kd wwfvmuwfawr[kwyf gvm;? ,if;ydik yf gAsm,f? t&Suw f &m;qdpk mG avh vlwpfa,muf. *k%foduQmudk xdef;uGyfyD;xm;a& tem;owfrsOf;wpfa=umif;vdk@qdkau rSm;zdk@ rxifyg? vlxJuvlwpfa,mufjzpfaw tu|ef@rSmavhaomh twWeef@t&Suf[dpGmyg&m? a,au avh tu|ef.twWeef@t&Suf olrsm;wdxufydkedefvm;awmrodygAsm,f? wdkif;jynfeef@vlrsdK;udk cspfjrwfEdk;a&edef&mrSm tu|efuolrsm;wdxuf jyif;xefvdk@edefyga&? vltcsif;csif; jzpf,if;om;eef@ wpfzufom;. tEdkifusifhcHb0rSmedefxdkif&/ vljzpfedef&jcif;udkavhaomh tu|eftwdkif;rod&Suf rdyga&? rnDr#r_ w&m;rr#wr_eef@ pdefac:r_wdjynfhESufedefa& urBmysufuyf}uD;xJrSm }uDGuGJ em=uifzG,f&m tjzpfqdk;eef@ xdyfwdkufwdk;edefa& &uQdKifvlrsdK;&dk@b0pGm uk&mewˆd qD;r[dvdk@xif Asm,f orm;awmf}uD;vufav#mhyD;vdkufaw olemonfwpfa,mufeef@rjcm;ygAsm,f? a'tjzpf qdk;/ a'b0wdtm;vHk;udk zefwD;jzpfay:pDzdk@twGuf tpysdK;ca& xdk&mpkESpfckausmfu wpfckaom 'DZifbm (31) &ufuyif a'edef@xd &uQdKifvlxkrufedefa& tdyfrufqdk;avhaomh Zmedef@Zm&uf cgusrS tqHk;owfvDygzdk@avh*k? &uQdKifjynfol&dk@twGuf obm0w&m;}uD;u b*Fvm;yifv,fjyifudkjzwfAsm,f ydk@yD; vdu k af w vDt;D wda& ajymp&mrvdak vmufatmif vwfqwfoef@,iS ;f eDauavh oem;p&m &uQKd if jynfol&dk@tzdk@um; vGwfvyfpGm,SL,SKdufcGifhr&a&ydkif ,SLzdk@tcGifhta&;avh qHk;,SHL;+yD;,if; qHk;,SHL; ede, f if;&m? ‘a'wpfoufroDcifrmS awmau vGwv f yfrt _ &om tjynfyh g[ad &vDukd ,SL&ygv. kd ’ vd@k qak wmif;Asm,f xdik ef ed v f @kd uawmcg qkawmif;ol&m anmif;vmygvrd @f ar? ta=umif;u vlqkd a& owW0gpGm udk,fhtwWtwGuf&m OD;pm;yD;aqmif&Gufwwfuwfvdk@ Zmolwpfa,mufavhaomh olrsm;vdktyfcsufudk jznfhqnf;yD;vDzdk@r[kwfawydkif cHpm;csufwdudkavh xyfwlxyfr# 0ifa&muf cHpm;yD;Edkifzdk@qdkpGm t0D;}uD;yg&m? a,Zl;a=umifh&mavh tu|ef&dk@.vGwfajrmufr_eef@t&SufoduQmtwGuf t&G,fa&muf +yD;a&vlwdkif;pGm vdktyfcsufESvHk;oGD;awmif;qdkcsufwdtwGuf tvkyfvkyfuwf&zdk@Asm,f r[kwf ygvm ‘temodu qD;[d.’ qdak &ydik f &uQKd iftm;aumif;armif;oef ol&aJ umif;wdazmfpyfv@kd [ed ed f a& awmfveS &f ;D qD;pGm rvGwv f yfru _ kd +rDveS zf @kd eef@ oDz@kd ysief aD &a0'emo#iu f kd u,fwifz@kd taumif; qHk;eef@ wpfckwnf;aomqD;vdk@ tu|efvHk;0,Hk=unfyga&? ewfjyif;udk ywfjyif;vdkufwD;&a&ydkif a&m*gjyif;udkavh qD;jyif;eef@ukrS&m wwnfhusygzdk@ rvm;a,? awmfvSefa&;qdkpGm toufudktavsmftpm;vkyfyem 'kuQyifv,f=urf;udk vufypf
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
11
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
January,2011
?
ul;cwfjcif;jzpfauavh tzdESdyfcHvlwef;pm; jynfolwdcHpm;edef&r_ wdtm;vHk;udk +cGDzsufzdk@twGuf taumif;qHk;eef@ wpfckwnf;aomukxHk;yg&m? vGwfvyfawvDoef@udk,SLzdk@eef@ om*D0if&dk@. t&SufoduQmtwGuf wwftm;o&Gd tvkyfvkyfuwf&zdk@qdkpGmu trSefawmcg &uQdKifom;wd rdef@edefuwfaw rdef@wwfuwfaw ordkif;yD;wm0efwpfckyg&m? &uQdKif+rDjyifrSm&yfAsm,f vGwfvyfawvDudk,SLzdk@ tqifoifhjzpfedefuwfygAsm,fvm? jyifqifr_wdu [duwfyg,ifhvm;? q
r[l&m tarSmifwdkufxJ ykvJa&mif 0wf&kHcsHKAsmvf iga& zdk;olawmfur[kwf? ,Hk=unfcsufudk pm;vdk@ tpmtqdyfoifhca& ig bmAvwfpm;&zdk@vm; bmrDwGef rsdK&zdk@vm;,Sifh? umvmpHk cApm tacscgtrif ajymca& raZ;olr rsuf&nfyJ[if; rsdKrusauavh rsdK rsdK rsdK cs,if; rsdK?
tjzLa&miftdyfruf (atmifEikd x f eG ;f )
ypPKy`efudk acgif;tHk;tHk;Asm,f tem*wfudk tdyfrufruf,if; rif;om;}uD; &$DAef;uAsmeef@ 0if;udkcdkif tm&uQ+rDatmfAsm,f igh urBmxJrSm ouU&mZfudk +zdKedefvD,ifh ? ,Hk=unfcsuftwGuf tusOf;uscH &cdkifawmfvSef&D;orm;rsm;odk@ ?
12
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
@
January,2011
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
ol&dk@wd&m apwemtrSef/ rltrSef/ vrf;trSefeef@ udk,fhwdkif;jynf/ udk,fhvlrsKd;twGuf tepfemcH _yD;vkyfyD;cuwfzdk@qdkau &cdkifvlrsKd;&dk@.b0 jrifh_yD;jzpfedefAsm,fjzpfonf? rdrdq,fwef;ausmif;om;b0wkef;u twef;xJYpmoifedefpOf &Sdwef;u uvdr,fao# wa,mufu Zmajymvnf;qdkpGmudkawm hrdrdvnf;r-um;rdvdkuf? q&mrajymoHudk -um;vdkuf& pGmu Zmjzpfvdk@vkyfzdk@vnf; ,if;bkef;}uD;wdrSm om;vnf;r[d r,m;vnf;r[d vkyfauvkyfedef uwfvdrfhareef@&m &vmcgudk,f&dk@toma,S,lxm;vdkufau &pGmr[kwfvm;csifh qdka&toHudk -um;vdkuf&onf? ppfawGrSm ukvm;eef@&cdkifjzpf_yD;csdefavmufuxifonf? rdrd.pdwfrSmawmh atcsifhawmh EdkifiHa&;pum;&m[dzdk@vdk@awG;rdconf? xdk@twGufa-umifh apwemr[da&ynmwwfwd/ vlom;tay:rSm udk,fcsif;pmw&m; uif;rJha& ynmwwfwd/ ta,Smiform;ynmwwfwd/ trSefw&m;udkrusifh-uHEdkifa&ynmwwfwd edef&m &vmau/ acgif;aqmifjzpfvmau trsm;jynfolZmjzpfvm;Edkifa&qdkpGmudk awG;-unfhv#if jrifEdkifygonf? ynmrwwfol wcsKd@uvnf; ig&dk@um;ynmvnf;rwwf/ awmfvSefa&;rSmvkyfvdk@ &zdk@ r[kwfxif? wcsKd@uvnf; ynmwwfrS EdkifiHa&;rSm/ awmfvSefa&;rSmvkyfvdk@&zdk@xif/ wcsKd@uvnf; ynmwwfwdyg;rSm EGm;ydkiftcdkif;cH&zdk@qdka&t,lwdeef@ awmfvSefa&;/ EdkifiHa&;rSm vkyfrjzpf/ ynmwwfol&kd@u ta,Smifvrf;udkvdkufeef@ &cdkifawmfvSefa&;rSm tepfemcHol/ yD;qyfEdkifol/ apwemw&m;acgif;yg;edefuwfvdk@ &cdkifvlrsKd;&dk@. aumif;aomuH-urRmudkawG;-unfhau aumif; aumif;rGef;usyfrdonf? ,if;twGuw f ma-umifh &cdik ahf wmfveS af &;rSm/ Edik if aH &;rSm ynmwwfonf/ rwwfonf xuf apwemonf&m t"dujzpfonf? Om%eef@vkyfvdk@r&onfht&mwd[da&ydkif/ tm;eef@ vkyv f @kd ra&t&mwdvnf;[dygord o hf nf? ,if;twGuaf -umif; um,tm;/ Om%tm; &d@k aygi;f pyf_yD; awmfvSefa&;/ EdkifiHa&;tiftm;w&yfudk taumiftxnfazmfoifhayonf? 'kuQpGrf;tifudk toHk; jyKIvnf; wdkif;jynf.zGH@_zdK;wdk;wufa&;udk wnfaqmufEdkifygonf? odk@aomfvnf; rdrd&dk@ordkif; udkawmh t"duxm;vdk@avhvm&rnfjzpfonf? trsm;uawmh udk,fhpmudkudk,f zwfwwfuwf ygonf? b0wuUodkvfe,fy,frSm 'kuQpGrf;tifudk toHk;jyKIwufvmaom xdkol&dk@onfum; ynma&;wuUodkvfausmif;qif;wdxuf avmu"H. -urf;wrf;r+'%fudkyg/ EknHhr+'%fudkyg cHEdkif &nf[dolwdjzpfEdkifygvdrfhrnf? ,if;twGuaf -umifh Zmyifvyk v f yk /f pD;yGg;a&;yifvyk v f yk /f Edik if aH &;yifvyk /f awmfveS af &;yif vkyfvkyf udk;wef;/ q,fwef; roifzl;vdk@/ wuUodkvfynmroifzl;vdk@ uGefysLwmrESdyfwwfvdk@/ t*Fvdyfpmrzwfwwfvdk@ tm;i,fedefuwfzdk@tpm; rwwfEdkifpGmudk pdwful;,Ofedefuwfzdk@tpm; wwfEikd pf mG udOk ;D pm;yD;_yD; pOf;pm;vkyo f ifo h nf? tvkyrf [dv@kd ai;r+id ef ed zf @kd tpm; rdred ef@teD;pyfq;kH udk &Smvkyfvdkufyg? w&uf. ppfwrf;xkwfpm&if;rSm tE+wfvuQ%mrusefpDygESifh? &cdkifom;&kd@twGuf t"du OD;pm;yD;avhvm&rnfrSm &cdkifh&kyfordkif;yifjzpfonf? wjcm;pGmwd 'kwd,edef&mrSm xnfh pOf;pm;&rnfyifjzpfonf? q&mawmfOD;OwWr qHk;rzl;a&twdkif; rdrdpmonfomt"duyg? rdrd bmomjzifh&GD;xm;a& pmyD&dk@udkawmh avhvmjzpfatmifavhvmoifhonf? rwwfEdkifqHk; w&ufudk
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
17
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
January,2011
?
yg,ifhvm;? zdESdyfcHjynfolb0udk apwem[duwfyg,ifhvm;? udk,fcsif;pmw&m; xm;uwfyg ,ifhvm;? ynmwwfwdkif;um; acgif;aqmifEdkifyg,ifhvm; qdkpGmyifjzpfonf? ynmwwfv#i/f pmwwfv#if vlwt d ay:rSm ud, k cf si;f pmw&m;[dz@kd / t-uifemw&m;[d zdk@vdk@ xifjrifuwfauavh xifxm;a&twdkif; jzpfrvma&ynmwwfwdvnf; trsm;tjym;yif jzpfonf? xrif;wvkyf. &if;jrpfvkyfief;udk txifao; tjrifao;_yD; xdkol&dk@udk tEdkifusifh Adkvfus_yD; toufrGD;0rf;ausmif;jyKedef-uonfh bGJ@&ynmwwfwdvnf; trsm;}uD;[donf? TonfrSm todpdwfjrifhrm;r+ESifh edrfhusr+&dk@. uGm[csufyifjzpfonf? todpdwfedrfhusjcif;onf EdkifiHawmftkyfcsKyfol&dk@. tjyKtrlay:rSmvnf;rlwnfedefvdrfhrnf? wdk;wufaomEdkifiH&dk@rSmum; tdrfomqD;oludkyif tjyeftvSefav;pm;r+[d-uonf? tkyfcsKyfol todpdwfjrifhrS tkyfcsKyfcH jynfolvlxkvnf; todpdwfjrifhrnfjzpfonf? b0udkxlaxmifwnfaqmufuwfawtcgvnf; bGJ@&ynmwwf&dk@xuf ynmrwwf aw b0wuUodkvfe,fy,frSm 'kuQpGrf;tifudk toHk;cs_yD; b0wufvrf;udk&SmzG,fvmol&dk@. b0 onfum; xdkol&dk@xufomvGefedefonfvnf;trsm;tjym;[dayonf? u|Jausmif;om;/ EGm; ausmif;om;b0u v,fydkifo#if/ _rDydkifo#ifrsm;jzpfvm;uwf_yD;/ pma&;/ refe,f*smtjzpfrS vkyfief;o#iftqifh/ olaX;ukefonf}uD;tqifhodk@ a&muf[dvm;vlwdtrsm;tjym;yifjzpfonf? xdkol&dk@. pdwfedefpdwfxm;onfvnf; ynma&;wuUodkvfausmif;qif;&dk@. pdwf"gwfxuf omvGef edefonfudkvnf;wGd&onf? wcsKd@ynmwwfwdqdkv#if udk,fhudk,ftxif}uD;_yD; vDvGifh,if; aemuf qHk; aqmufwnf&mr[datmifxd a&mufvm;pGmwdvnf; trsm;tjym;yifjzpfonff? u|efawmfESifh u|efawmfholi,fcsif;wdeef@ r-umr-umzkef;ajymjzpfuwfaw? tpdk;& ausmif;pm roifzl;a& oli,fcsif;wa,mufu u|efawmf&dk@.jzpf&yfrSef vkyf&yfrSefwdudk odvm;& vdk@ ta0;oli,fcsif; rif;&dk@pdwf"gwfwdaumif;rGefjrwfaw0dkif; igawmhrif;&dk@ydkif ynmvnf;rwwf a,auavh awmxJrmS oDewfuikd v f @kd wu kd zf @kd qakd uawmh&a&0dik ;f trsm;aumif;usK;d vkyv f @kd oD&pGm oDusK;d ewfaw vd@k qakd &? bG@J &wcsK@d / ud;k wef;atmif/ q,fwef;atmifwcsK@d usawmh ,if;ydik rf ajymbJ rif;&l;edev f m;/ Zmcg&zd@k vv J w G v f yfa&;/ ,if;avmuftiftm;eef@ vlukd Zmydik w f u kd zf @kd vnf;vd@k qakd &? udk,fhrdom;pktwGufwckwnf;udk&m xnfhajymonf? rdrdu ,if;ydkif r[kwfa-umif;/ q&mawmf OD;OwWrvnf; jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;udk rjrifc&a-umif;/ &Sdu AdkvfausmfxGD;&kd@ydkif/ Adkvfcsif;ysH&dk@ydkif/ tzdk;OD;omxGef;&dk@ydkif pa& awmfvSefa&;/ EdkifiHa&; acgif;aqmif}uD;&dk@&m awmfvSefa&;rsKd;pd/ EdkifiHa&; rsKd;pdudk rcsyD;cqdkau rdrdonfvnf; &ckdifqdkpGmZmvnf;odrnfr[kwfa-umif;/ atedef@xd &cdkif vlrsKd;vdk@ usef[d&yfwnfedefEdkifpGmvnf; xdkyk*~dKvf&dk@. aus;Zl;&mjzpfa-umif; ,Sif;jyvdkufonf? ,if;cgrS ol&dk@vnf; oabmaygufvm;uwfonf? xdkenf;wwlAsm,f bGJ@&ynmwwfwd/ &Jt&m[d/ q&m0efwd/ tif*sifeD,mwd pa& ynmwwfwd wdik ;f jynftajymif;tvJjzpfau ig&@kd vnf;wede&f m&zd@k pmG &mqd_k yD;au vlrsm;touf oGD;&if;_yD;vkyfvdk@&vma& tcGifhta&;wdudk tcGifhaumif;,lzdk@apmifhedefa& ynmwwfwdvnf; wyHk}uD;[dedefonf? jrefrmEdkifiH vGwfvyfa&;udk }udK;yrf;a&cg xdyfydkif;ynmwwf acgif;aqmifwcsKd@ udkavh tckydkif xdkif&maumif;aumif;wck &zdk@ta&;twGuf&mvkyfcuwfa-umifhwdG&onf? 16
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
@
January,2011
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
r_ef&D0g;wm; yef;csDum;wpfcsyf rwfwyf=unfhvnf; rGJjymjym xdkifAsm,f=unfhvnf; rGJwJwJ ,dkifvJaomyef; vD&dkif;zsef;odk h !d_;EGrf;&pfywf yJhwifxyfonf av#mufvD0D;vD 0D;vm;vD,ifh igonf ig[k pOfvmjyKvdk h &mpkESpfyif oHk;ck0ifvwf rGD;&yf “&kyfyHktdk’’ atmf 0Hvtdk cdkem;&m0D; c&D;jyif;av#muf tmvnf;ajcmufAsm,f awmifajrmufudkrSef; ork'furf;jyif vuf,rf;jy&m rysHygau awmifyHvnf;anmif; ESpfwda[mif;vnf; tdka[mif;&kyfyHk igwGdqHkzdk h wpfiHkwpfyGifh vufurf;qifh&ygtHk hrnf? wm0efwpf&yf xdkuGufvyfum; wjcm;r[kwf twWpkyfudk azmufxkwfa,Smifz,f oE Wm+rDtwGuf wnfapoufqHk; pnf;&Hk;a&;}uD; wpf&yfudk?
"n – arSmf ( 8 / 1 2011)
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
13
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
January,2011
?
@
January,2011
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif cd k i f v D _ yD x G e f ;
eDa&mifjcnfudkrjrifEdkifa& ol@b0 ajcmufawmifavmuf[da&awm}uD;xJrSm [def;a[mufoHwd=um;u ajcmufvef@cHedef&a&ol r&%*dk%f;om;. om;aumiftjzpf jyefvrf;r[da&ol@b0 ———— (1) wcgwvDidkoHwdeef@twl &ufpufoHwdu awm}uD;xJysHESH@Asm,fighem;xJwdk;0if atmf —— Zmedef@ Zm&ufqdkpGmigrod apvdk&mapb0xJu ighb0 ——— (2) atmf —— tpfudkvufxufu trSwfw&vufaqmif ausmuGif;eH&HxufrSm pdwWZa0'emum;csyf vlom;wdatmf[pf idkedefyHkwdeef@ &ufpuf=urf;wrf;a& i&Jom;toHwdu tdyfrufwdkif;ESdyfpufcH&pGm ighb0 ——— (3) atmf —— t&dS taemuf awmifajrmufrjrifEdkifa& atawm}uD;xJua0'emwda=umif; acwftqufqufoDqHk;c&pGm atacwfarmifi,f&ifoGD;b0 —— (4)
eDrif;o#if (rif;ajym)
14
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
w&ufedef@u rdrd&GD;pyf_yD;aom uAsmwcsKd@udk tm&fuefrdef;wdef;ydGKifhwifvdkufrdonf? ,if;uAsmudk oli,fcsi;f wa,muf ta-umif;jyefvmpGmu &cdik jf ynfvw G v f yfa&;&au ynmwwf wd uaumif;vdkygzdk@eef;vwf? rdrduawmhwckvnf;jyefrajymvdkufyg? vlwdtm;vHk;uawm ol@ydkif tjrif[duwfyga&? rSefyga&? wdkif;jynfudkwnfaqmufa&edef&mrSm ynmwwfwd trsm;}uD; vdk tyfvmyga&? odk@aomfynmqdka&edef&mrSm vufr+ynm/ OD;aESmufynmqdk_yD;auESpfrsKd;[dyga&? atcsifhawmhpm&GD;ol. tjrifjzpfyga&? pmzwfy&d\wfrsm;tedefjzifhvnf; atydkifjrifuwfvdrfhar vdk@ ar#mfvifhrdyga&? xdyk nm&yfrsm;teuf vlwikd ;f uwefz;kd xm;pGm/ txif}uD;uwfpmG / tav;pm;qH;k cH&pGm uawmh ynma&;wuUodkvfausmif;yifjzpfonf? trSefawmh wuUodkvfESpfck[da&qdkpGmudk owdrl pDcsifygonf? wckuynma&;wuUodkvfjzpf_yD;/ aemufwcku b0wuUodkvfyifjzpfonf? ynma&;wuUodkvfrSm oufwifhoufomoif,l&./ c|JxGufenf;./ t0wfvSvS/ tpm;vSvSeef@vlvnf;vS.? odk@aomf aiGukefa-u;usrsm;.? trsm;tm;jzifh vlcsrf;om&dk@ om;orD;rS&m oif,El ikd . f ? b0wuUov kd rf mS usawmh xdu k o hJ @kd r[kwaf y? cufxef./ axmifavmh ./ -urf;wrf;vS./ c|JxGufrsm;.? odk@aomf aiGukefa-u;usenf;.? trsm;tm;jzifh qif;&Jom; vlwef;pm;&dk@usifvnf&mwuUodkvfjzpfonf? Edik if aH cgi;f aqmifEiS w hf uG tm;vH;k ol&@kd u ynma&;wuUov kd rf mS avhvmoif,l qnf;yl; edefolrsm;udk&m tem*wfwdkif;jynf. tiHk/ tzl;rsm;/ toD;/ tyGifhrsm;tjzpf &+@jrifwwf-uonf? rSeaf y.? Edik if w H Edik if t H wGuf r[drjzpfvt kd yfaom wuUov kd w f ckvnf;jzpfonf? Edik if aH cgi;f aqmif rsm;rGD;xkwf&mt"due,fy,fvnf;jzpfonf? EdkifiHwum[l[l&mY acgif;aqmiftrsm;tjym;&dk@ onfum; ynma&;wuUodkvfausmif;qif;rsm;.? b0wuUodkvfausmif;qif;um;,Sm;yg;vS.? [dv#ifvnf;enf;yg;vSonf? ynma&;wuUodkvfausmif;qif;rS tvkyfaumif;aumif;/ &mxl;aumif;aumiff;&I vl&dkao o#if&dkao qdkaomt,ltqeef@ vltrsm;tjym;um; xdkausmif;odk@ 0ifa&mufEdkifatmif wcsK@d aomol&@kd tcuftcJrsK;d pHek ef@vnf;}udK;pm;-uonf? wcsK@d qv kd #if rdbaz;omrwwfEikd o f jzifh bke;f }uD;ausmif;rSm xrif;use/f [if;usepf m;_yD;oif,u l wf-uonf? ,ede@f qv kd #i&f cdik v f rl sK;d rsm;rSm ausmif;om;/ ausmif;ol OD;a&wESpfxufwESpf wdk;ygG;vmedefonfudkvnf;wGd&onf? bG@J& ynm wwfOD;a&vnf;rsm;jym;vmonf? odk@aomfvnf; bGJ@&ynmwwfOD;&nfrsm;jym;vdk@vmedefygaomfvnf; ol&dk@ar#mfvifhxm; a&twdik ;f &cdik v f rl sK;d &d@k . qif;&J'u k /Q b0qd;k }uD;rS vGwaf jrmufjcif;udk u,fwifEikd af & acgi;f aqmif aumif;wd Zma-umifhray:EdkifodrfhygvJ? ta-umif;&if;rSm ynmwwfwdkif; wdkif;jynfudkcspfuwf
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
15
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
January,2011
?
,ckwu kd yf rJG mS ,ckEpS t f wGi;f yxrqH;k t}udrjf zpfygG ;aom wdu k yf jJG zpf_yD; &ckid jf ynfvw G v f yfa&;ygw. D jrefrmEdik if t H aemufbuf a'owGif ppfa&;tcsed jf r‡iw hf if&ef &nfreS ;f csu. f yxrqH;k az:aqmifaom wdu k yf jJG zpfonf? tqdyk gpcef;udk ,ckuo hJ @kd 0ifa&mufwu kd cf u kd &f jcif;rSm &nf&, G cf suEf pS cf [ k ad -umif; oluqufajymonf? “t"du u|efawmf&dk@Zefe0g&Dv 3=&ufedef@rSm &efolpcef;udk 0ifwkduf&pGmu 4=&ufedef@u vGwfvyfa&;edef@jzpfaw? t*k&xm;a& ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&;u ArmvGwfvyfa&;&mjzpfaw/ u|efawmf&dk@ &ckdifvGwfvyfa&;r[kwfqdkpGmudk tcsufjyzdk@jzpfaw? aemufwcsufu u|efawmf&kd@ ygwDu csrSwfxm;a& 2011=ckrSm ppfa&;tcsdefjr‡ifhzdk@qdkpGmudk taumiftxnfazmfpGmjzpfaw”[k oluajymonf? &cdkifjynfvGwfajrmufa&;wyfrSm tdENd,e,fpyfwGift_cDpdkuf_yD; ppfa&;t&v+yf,Sm;edefonfh ,ck vuf[dwckwnf;aom &cdkifvufeufudkifwyfjzpfonf? &ckdifjynfvGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmfudk 1973=ckESpfwGif &ckdifjynfvGwfajrmufa&;twGuf xdkif;=jrefrme,fpyf u&iftrsKd;om;tpnf; t&Hk;e,f_rDwGif wnfaxmifconf? q
rmwdum pmrsuEf mS at'Dwmhtmabmf ——————————————————-— - 1
aqmif ; yg; ol&Jaumif;/ acgif;aqmifESifh trsdK;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;vrf;a=umif; tydkif;(2) (cdkifrif;!dk) ------------------------------------------apmifhxdef;uwfvDtztrDG ("n-arSmf) -------------------------wpfpjrifwpfpaumufyg (ausmfjrwfOD;) -------------------------tjrifa&mxGD;edefa& awmfvSefa&;/ ynma&; / pD;yGm;a&; / EdkifiHa&; (cdkifvD+yDxGef;) ------------------------------------------&cdkifyef*Gif; (ausmfxl;atmif) ----------------------------------
2 8 11 15 19
uAsm ig&dk@ (atmifEdkifxGef;) ---------------------------------------- 7 twdwfuEdk;xuwfyg (cdkifrif;!dk)-------------------------------- 10 tjzLa&miftdyfruf (atmifEdkifxGef;)------------------------------- 12 &kyfyHktdk ("n – arSmf)---------------------------------------- 13 acwfopfarmifi,f&ifoGD; (eDrif;o#if – rif;jym;)----------------------- 14 =u,fpifawmufaomn ("n – arSmf )----------------------------- 23
owif ;
30
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
@
January,2011
&cdik vhf wG vf yfa&;pmapmif
etz ppf p cef ; ud k ALA rS w d k u f c d k u f I etzwyf o m; 4=OD ; usqH k ; ed&OP&m (owif;) 5/ 1/ 2011 &ckdifjynfvGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf (ALA)rS 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufr+a-umifh yvuf0_rdK@e,f t_cD pdkuf ppfpcef;wpfckrS etzppfom; 4=OD; usqHk;vm;a-umif; &ckdifjynfvGwfajrmufa&;ygwD. jyef -um;a&;Xme xkwfjyefcsufwGifaz: jyonf?
&cdkifhvGwfvyfa&;pmapmif pmtkyfrSwfwrf; at'Dwm (cdik rf if;!d)k pmtkyftjyiftqif (cdkifausmfvif;) pmpDpm&dkuf (cdkifvD+yDxGef;) tkyfa& ( ) xkwfa0aomckESpf (Zefe0g&Dv / 2011)
tqdkygpcef;rSm yvuf0_rdK@e,f vufb0aus;&GmwGifwnf[d_yD; etzppfom; 30=cef@ pcef;xdkif edefaompcef;jzpfonf? b*Fvm; a'hcsf e,fpyfrS 5=rdkiftuGmwGif wnf [ d a -umif ; a'ocH r sm;u ajymonf? &ck d i f j ynf v G w f a jrmuf a &;ygwD wGJbuftwGif;a&;rSL;(2) cdkifokcrS wd k u f y G J j zpf y G g ;yH k u d k t*k y d k i f a jym onf? “Zefe0g&v D 3=&ufeed @f eed @f cif;zuf 2=em&DrSm &ckdifjynfwyfrawmfu Adkvfckdifodef;aZmfOD;pD;a& ppfa-umif;wcku 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkuf cpGmjzpfyga&? &efol etzbufu 4=OD; usqHk;_yD; u|efawmf&dk@bufu wOD;usqHk;vm;yga&? wdkufyGJuwem&Dxd-umyga&?” t*kydkifwkdufyGJtwGif; etzppfom; 4=OD;usqHk;vm;a-umif;udk ZmydkiftwnfjyKEdkifygavvdk@ rdef;jref;&m t*kydkif ckdifokcrSajymonf? “wdkufyGJu edef@cif;bufrSm jzpfpGmjzpfvdk@ Zmwdjzpfedefa&qdkpGmudkteD;uyfjrifedef&a&? ,if;ol&dk@ bufu 4=a,mufoDa&? ppfom;ESpfa,muf'%f&m&vm;a&? pcef;udkawmhrodef;Edkifcyg?” ALArS usqHk;vm;a&&JabmfrSm ckdifjr0if;jzpf_yD; etz pcef;tm;0ifa&muf,Sif;vif;pOf usqHk; vm;jcif;jzpfonf? tqdkygppfpcef;wGif cv&(55)rS ppfa-umif;(2)ppfa-umif;rSL; AdkvfrSL;rsKd;rif; xGef;OD;pD;_yD; tiftm;(30)avmufeef@ e,fpyfwGif t_cDjyKv+yf,Sm;edefonfhpcef;jzpfonf?
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
vlxok nfawmfveS af &;\&if;jrpfjzpfonf
29