Winter Canola Performance in Ohio Edwin Lentz
Today’sTalking Points • Ohio historical background for canola • Overview of performance trial yields from the past 20 years
Ohio Canola History • Winter canola research since the late 80’s • Pushed by industry as a crop in the early 90’s – “If you can grow wheat, you can grow canola” – Several years of poor growing conditions in early 90’s – Markets did not develop
Producer Concerns • Are available varieties adapted to Ohio conditions • Management practices for high yielding canola • Market potential
Canola Variety Evaluation • Ohio State in cooperation with Southern Illinois, Michigan State, and Purdue continued to test varieties
• Mid-2000’s, participation in National Performance Test
Testing Locations • Schmidt years 1991 – 97 Custar & Wooster 1998 – 2002 Fremont & Wooster
• Lentz years 2003 – 12 Custar & Fremont
Canola Variety Trial • Evaluated 15 – 60 varieties each year • Planted early September, harvested early July • 30 lb per acre starter N; 100 - 120 spring • 10 x 25 - 30 foot plots
Experimental Design & Analysis • Complete randomized block design with 3 replications • Statistical analysis simple ANOVA using STATISTIX
Results - Performance Measures
• Winter Survival • Yield Means
Variety Trial Survival • Fremont – 1998-2011 – Survived 11/13 years – Flooded field in 2003
• Wooster – 1991-2002 – Survived 5/11 years • Stormed destroyed at harvest 3 times
• Custar – 1991-1997 • Survived 4/6 years
– 2003-2012 • Survived 8/10 years
• Difficult for Winter Crops in General 1996 2005 2007
Variety Trial Yield Means by Year Custar
Fremont
Wooster
Avg
4510 4010 3510
bu/Acre
3010 2510 2010 1510 1010 510 10 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Year
Variety Trial Maximum Yield By Year Custar
Fremont
Wooster
Avg
6010
5010
bu/Acre
4010
3010
2010
1010
10 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Year
Custar Trial Grain Yield Means 4500
lb A-1
4000
4042
3982.1
3500
3395.3
3211.3
3016.5
3000 2500
2043.4
2000 1425
1500 1000 500 0 2006
2008
2009
2010 Year
2011
2012
Mean
Weather Changes in NW Ohio • 2011, 8 inches more rain than normal for April - May • 2012, 1 -2 inches less rain than normal each month between March and June • Past 6 years warmer than normal except 2008 • 2012 very much warmer than normal early
Custar -- Spring Rainfall Means
inches
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Historic
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 March
April
May Month
June
Custar -- Spring Temperature Means
째F
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Historic
70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 February
March
April Month
May
Custar -- Days to 50% Flower Means 140
Days
120
114
123
128 117
114
110 94
100 80 60
40 20 0 2006
2008
2009
2010 Year
2011
2012
Mean
Summary • 40 site years – 70% to harvest • 2005 –12, 15 site years – 80% to harvest • 2005- 12, overall yield mean 2692.6 lb acre-1 • 2005 -12, yield mean range: 1743 – 4042 lb acre-1
Conclusions • Current canola varieties adapted to OH conditions • Fall stand condition greatly affects winter survival • Fields must have good drainage • Producer can grow alfalfa can grow canola in OH
Future Limitations for Canola Production in OH • Planting date – Early September – Must follow wheat in rotation
• Proximity of crusher – Windsor, ON nearest crusher
Questions