Annuario 2009-2010 by Giovani e Servizio Civile

H:GK>OD 8>K>A: >C EGDK>C8>6 9> IG:CID

2009 / 2010

AÉdW^Zii^kd XZcigVaZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Y^ eZg h bdaid hZbea^XZ/ egdedggZ V^ \^dkVc^ aÉdeedgijcî| Y^ eVgiZXêVgZ! Xdc â adgd ^beZ\cd XdcXgZid cZa fjdi^Y^V" cd bV VcX]Z Xdc â adgd Zcijh^Vhbd Z Xdc aV XgZVi^kî| X]Z adgd Xdc\Zc^VaZ! VaaV Xdhigjo^dcZ Y^ jcV Xdbjcî| b^\a^dgZ! XdcXdggZcYd ^c bdYd Y^cVb^Xd Z edhî^kd VaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZa eg^cXê^d Xdhiîjo^dcVaZ YZa Y^gîid cVijgVaZ YZaaV hda^YVg^Zi| hdX^VaZ# EZg YVgZ Xdged V fjZhiÉVhe^gVo^dcZ! V fjZaad X]Z ijiid hdbbVid jc \gVcYZ egd\Ziid Y^ kîV! eZg cZXZhhVg^d jc XdbeaZhhd ZY Vgi^XdaVid h^hiZbV XVeVXZ Y^ igVYjggZ ^c Vo^dc^ XdcXgZiZ YV jc aVid \a^ ^ciZcY^bZci^ YZ^ aZ\^haVidg^! YVaaÉVaigd " ZY Vco^! ^c eg^bd ajd\d " ^ kVadg^ [dcYVci^! ^ eâVhig^ Zi^X^ YZaaV Æb^hh^dcÇ X]Z egdeg^V YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ# Ý ^chdbbV cZXZhhVg^V aV XgZVo^dcZ Y^ jcV kZgV Z egdeg^V Xdbjcî| X]Z hVee^V edgh^ XdbZ ejcid Y^ g^[Zg^bZcid gZVaZ! eVgiZXêVid! XdcY^k^hd Z hZciîd! XVeVXZ Y^ \VgVci^gZ V^ \^dkVc^ X]Z hXZa\dcd â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ jcÉZheZg^ZcoV Y^ [dgbVo^d" cZ X^k^XV! hdX^VaZ! XjaijgVaZ Z egd[Zhh^dcVaZ# Ý cZXZhhVg^d! ^c VaigZ eVgdaZ! Vii^kVgZ jc XVcVaZ [dgbVi^kd Z Y^ XgZhXîV X]Z kV" adgôo^ Z VXXdbeV\c^ aZ XdbeZiZcoZ ^ccViZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ XdbZ aV \ZcZgdhî| Z â hVeZgh^ heZcYZgZ eZg \a^ Vaig^! eZgX] ^c fjZhiÉVakZd hVg| edhh^WâZ ^cY^k^YjVgZ Z egdbjdkZgZ VcX]Z aZ adgd ediZco^Vaî| ^ccdkVi^kZ Z fjZ^ iVaZci^ ^c Y^kZc^gZ X]Z XVgViiZgôoVcd â YZa^XVid eVhhV\\^d YVaaÉVYdaZhXZcoV VaaÉZi| VYjaiV# >c IgZci^cd! d\\^! Zh^hiZ jcV eajgVaî| Y^ Zci^ Z Y^ hd\\Zii^ ^beZ\cVi^ VY Vhh^" XjgVgZ YV jc aVid hZgkô^ Y^ egZ\^d VaaV Xdbjcî| Z YVaaÉVaigd VY VXXdbeV\cVgZ ^ \^dkVc^ cZa adgd eZgXdghd Y^ XgZhXîV! Xdc aÉdW^Zii^kd Y^ [VgcZ XîiVY^c^ Vii^k^ Z gZhedchVWâ^# FjZaaV YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ YZa IgZci^cd jcV gZiZ Y^ hd\\Zii^ X]Z ]Vccd XdbZ dW^Zii^kd eg^bVg^d â igVh[Zg^bZcid V^ \^dkVc^ YZa kVadgZ XdcXgZid YZaaV eVgiZX^" eVo^dcZ! X]Z kZYZ â h^c\dad ^beZ\cVid eZg aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZa WZcZ XdbjcZ# : fjZhid igVh[Zg^bZcid Y^ kVadg^ Zi^X^ Vkk^ZcZ egdedcZcYd VaaZ \^dkVc^ \ZcZgVo^d" c^ cjdk^ bdYZaa^ Y^ kîV ViigVkZghd aÉZhZbe^d# Jc [jijgd b^\a^dgZ ad h^ Xdhigj^hXZ ^c[Vii^! bZiiZcYd ^c XVbed kVadg^ Y^ g^[Zg^bZcid Z XdbedgiVbZci^ hda^YVa^ X]Z Xdhiîj^hXdcd jcV kZgV Z egdeg^V g^kdajo^dcZ XdeZgc^XVcV YZaaÉZhhZgZ XîiVY^c^ YZa [jijgd! VaaÉ^ciZgcd Y^ jcV Xdbjcî| iZggîdg^VaZ X]Z hV YVgZ eg^dgî| Va WZcZhhZgZ XdaaZii^kd! ejg cZa g^heZiid YZaaÉjc^Xî| Y^ X^VhXjc ^cY^k^Yjd# >a HZgkô^d 8^kâZ YZa IgZci^cd eZgiVcid jcd higVdgY^cVg^d eVig^bdc^d Y^ egd[Zh" h^dcVaî| Z Y^ ^beZ\cd! XVeVXZ Y^ VXXdbeV\cVgZ Z Y^ kVadgôoVgZ jc eZgXdghd ^bedgiVciZ Y^ XgZhXîV Z Y^ egZhV Y^ XdhX^ZcoV YV eVgiZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ X]Z! ^c eg^bV eZghdcV Z XdcXgZiVbZciZ! heZg^bZciVcd X]Z XdhV h^\c^ÒX]^ eVgiZXêVgZ VaaV Xdhigjo^dcZ fjdi^Y^VcV Y^ jcV hdX^Zi| b^\a^dgZ# :XXd eZgX] gîZc\d X]Z â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ h^V jc ediZciZ higjbZcid Y^ YZbdXgV" o^V Z Y^ ZYjXVo^dcZ VaaV YZbdXgVo^V! k^hid X]Z â \^dkVcZ XîiVY^cd X]^VbVid V k^kZgZ jc gjdad YV egdiV\dc^hiV VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZaaV Xdbjcî|! VhhjbZcYdh^ gZ" hedchVWâî| Z YdkZg^ X]Z eg^bV ^\cdgVkV d YZaZ\VkV VY Vaig^# AV ejWWa^XVo^dcZ YZaaÉ6ccjVg^d YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ â gVXXdcid Y^ fjZhid ^beZ" \cd! YZ\a^ h[dgo^ Z YZaaV Y^hedc^Wâî| X]Z ijiiZ aZ XdbedcZci^ Y^ fjZhiV \gVcYZ Xdbjcî| ]Vccd Y^bdhigVid cZa Xdghd YZaaÉVccd Y^ g^[Zg^bZcid# Ý! ^c YZÒcî^kV! aV iZhi^bdc^VcoV X]Z Zh^hiZ jcV eajgVaî| Y^ higjbZci^ Z Y^ Vo^dc^ bZhhV ^c XVbed eZg gZcYZgZ YVkkZgd Z[ÒXVXZ â gVeedgid Xdc ^ \^dkVc^ Z igV ^ \^dkVc^! eZg gZc" YZgZ XdcXgZiV aV [jco^dcZ ZYjXVi^kV YZa hZgkô^d hiZhhd! V Xj^ Xdgg^hedcYZ jcV higVdgY^cVg^V XVeVXî| Y^ g^hedhiV Z Y^ eVgiZXêVo^dcZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ X]Z aVhX^V d\c^ kdaiV hZcoV eVgdaZ# IgVccZ YjZ/ Æ<gVo^Z! gV\Voo^ Æ

>a egZh^YZciZ

AdgZcod 9ZaaV^ *

HDBB6G>D

eV\# && &' &( '( ', (' (- ), ,+ -,

9V YdkZ cVhXZ â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ :H#H:G#8> :HeZg^ZcoZ Y^ H:Gkô^d 8>kâZ 8dbjc^XVo^dcZ/ Egdbdo^dcZ Z hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ ;dgbVo^dcZ Z AVWdgVidg^ > cjbZg^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ^c Egdk^cX^V Egd\Zii^ Y^ :h#HZg#8^# Egd\Zii^ YZaaV E6I > EgdiV\dc^hi^ AZ AZ\\^ AV AZ\\Z Egdk^cX^VaZ " GZ\daVbZcid Y^ 6iijVo^dcZ

eV\ .)

6HH>HI:CO6

& ' ( ) * + , - . &% && &' &( &) &* &+ &, &- &. '% '& '' '( ') '* '+ ', '- '. (% (& (' (( () (* (+ (, (- (. )%

66I " 6HHD8>6O>DC: 6B>8> IG:CI>C> 696 6B6A>6 <J6G9>C> 6C;;6H IG:CI>CD DCAJH 6EEB 6HHD8>6O>DC: EGDK>C8>6A: E:G > B>CDG> 6EHE 86H6 B>6 6EHE 8>K>86 9> IG:CID 6EHE <>DK6CC> :C9G>OO> 6EHE DE:G6 GDB6C> " CDB> 6EHE G:9:CI6 ;ADG>6C> 6EHE H#<6:I6CD " EG:96OOD 6EHE H6C <>JH:EE: " EG>B>:GD 6EHE H# ADG:COD : H#B6G>6 9:AA6 B>H:G>8DG9>6 6EHE J76A9D 86BE6<CDA6! 6K>D 6EHE K6AA: 9:A K6CD> 6EHH " 6O>:C96 EGDK>C8>6A: E:G > H:GK>O> H6C>I6G> 6HHD8>6O>DC: BJG>6A9D 9:A IG:CI>CD 6AID 69><: DCAJH 6I6H " 6HHD8>6O>DC: IG:CI>C6 688D<A>:CO6 HIG6C>:G> 86H6 688D<A>:CO6 6AA6 K>I6 ÆE69G: 6C<:ADÇ 86H6 O6B7>6H> 8>II6É ;JIJG6 8DAA:<>D 6G8>K:H8DK>A: 8:A:HI>CD :C9G>8> 8DBEG:CHDG>D 9:AA6 76HH6 K6AHJ<6C6 : 9:A I:H>CD " 7DG<D K6AHJ<6C6 IC 8DBJC: 9> 6G8D 8DBJC: 9> 7DG<D K6AHJ<6C6 8DBJC: 9> A6K6GDC: 8DBJC: 9> A6K>H 8DBJC: 9> IG:CID 8GD8: 7>6C86 IG:CID 9:A;>CD ;6> ;6B><A>6 6CO>6C> >C;6CO>6 ;DC96O>DC: ;6B><A>6 B6I:GC6 <#H#=# " DCAJH <>G6HDA: <GJEED ,- >A 7J86C:K: >A EDCI: >HI>IJID 6CIDC>D GDHB>C> IG:CID >HI>IJID 8DBEG:CH>KD IG:CID * >I:G

:CI> EGDK>C8>6A>

hX]ZYZ

HDBB6G>D

:CI> EGDK>C8>6A> hX]ZYZ )& )' )( )) )* )+ ), )- ). *% *& *' *( *) ** *+ *, *- *. +%

@6A:>9DH8DE>D AÉ6C8DG6 A6 G:I: A6 GJDI6 A6 H;:G6 B6<> " >CI:GC6I>DC6A 6HHD8>6I>DC D; B:9>86A <:C:I>8H DAIG: DE:G6 JC>K:GH>I6G>6 " IG:CID DG6IDG>D 9> B:OOD8DGDC6 EJCID 9É6EEGD9D H69 H> B>CDG: HEDGI67>A> JC>DC: >I6A>6C6 9:> 8>:8=> : 9:<A> >EDK:9:CI> DCAJH H:O>DC: EGDK>C8>6A: 9> IG:CID JC>K:GH>I6É 9> IG:CID K6AA: 6E:GI6 K>AA6 B6G>6 K>AA6 H# ><C6O>D K>AA6<<>D 9:A ;6C8>JAAD HDH L=N " 6 LDGA9 =DB: ;DG NDJI= DCAJH

eV\# &** :9J86O>DC: : EGDBDO>DC: 8JAIJG6A: hX]ZYZ +& +' +( +) +* ++ +, +- +. ,% ,& ,' ,( ,) ,* ,+ ,, ,- ,. -% -& -' -( -) -* -+ -,

66I " 6HHD8>6O>DC: 6B>8> IG:CI>C> 6AIGDIG:CI>CD 6G>6CC6 6GI:<>DK6C: 6HHD8>6O>DC: BJG>6A9D 9:A IG:CI>CD 6AID 69><: 6HHD8>6O>DC: DG6IDG>D H# 6CIDC>D " IG:CID 6HHD8>6O>DC: E:96<D<>86 HI:>C:G>6C6 86H6 O6B7>6H> 8DAA:<>D 6G8>K:H8DK>A: 8:A:HI>CD :C9G>8> 8DBJC: 9> 6C96AD " 7^Wa^diZXV >ciZgXdbjcVaZ 6aide^Vcd EV\VcZaaV 7gZciV 8DBJC: 9> 7G:CIDC>8D 8DBJC: 9> 86A9DC6OOD 8DBJC: 9> 8:CI6 H6C C>8DADÉ 8DBJC: 9> A6K6GDC: 8DBJC: 9> A:K>8D I:GB: 8DBJC: 9> E:G<>C: K6AHJ<6C6 8DBJC: 9> GDK:G:ID 8DBJC: 9> IG:CID 8DBJC: 9> K><DAD K6II6GD 8DBJC>I6É 9> EG>B>:GD 8DC#HDA>96 8DCH><A>D EGDK>C8>6A: 9> IG:CID " ;dgjb IgZci^cd eZg aV eVXZ Z Y^g^ii^ jbVc^ 8DCHDGO>D IJG>HI>8D EGD AD8D K6A G:C9:C6 :9JH " :9J86O>DC: : HK>AJEED :CI: E6G8D E6C:K:<<>D " E6A: 9> H# B6GI>CD ;DC96O>DC: :9BJC9 B68= >HI>IJID 6<G6G>D 9> H6C B>8=:A: 6AAÉ69><: ;DC96O>DC: <6AA:G>6 8>K>86

HDBB6G>D

:CI> EGDK>C8>6A> hX]ZYZ

-- -. .% .& .' .( .) .* .+ ., .- .. &%% &%& &%' &%( &%) &%* &%+ &%, &%-

<GJEED D6H> 9> 869>C: <IK " <GJEED IG:CI>CD 9> KDADCI6G>6ID > B>C>EDA>;DC>8> >HI>IJID 6CIDC>D GDHB>C> IG:CID >HI>IJID 8DBEG:CH>KD 9> H8JDA6 EG>B6G>6 : H:8DC96G>6 9> EG>B>:GD >HI>IJID 8DBEG:CH>KD K6AA: 9> A:9GD >HI>IJID 9> >HIGJO>DC: ÆB6G>: 8JG>:Ç E:G<>C: K6AHJ<6C6 @6A:>9DH8DE>D A6 8D88>C:AA6 A>8:D H8>:CI>;>8D <6A>A:D <6A>A:> B6<> " >CI:GC6I>DC6A 6HHD8>6I>DC D; B:9>86A <:C:I>8H B6C9686GJÉ BJH:D 9:<A> JH> : 8DHIJB> 9:AA6 <:CI: IG:CI>C6 BJH:D IG>9:CI>CD H8>:CO: C6IJG6A> DG6IDG>D 9> B:OOD8DGDC6 E:G>H8DE>D EGD9><>D H> B>CDG: I:GG: 8DBJC> J<7 J76A96 7:II>C> <>G:AA6 JC>K:GH>I6É 9> IG:CID

eV\# '%) E6IG>BDC>D 6GI>HI>8D : 8JAIJG6A: hX]ZYZ

&%. &&% &&& &&' &&( &&) &&* &&+ &&, &&- &&. &'% &'& &'' &'(

8DAA:<>D 6G8>K:H8DK>A: 8:A:HI>CD :C9G>8> 8DBJC: 9> 76H:A<6 9> E>C:É 8DBJC: 9> 9GD 8DBJC: 9> A6K6GDC: 8DBJC: 9> A:K>8D I:GB: 8DBJC: 9> GDK:G:ID 8DBJC: 9> IG:CID 8DCHDGO>D IJG>HI>8D EGD AD8D K6A G:C9:C6 <GJEED J#8#I# " JDBD " 8>II6É " I:GG>IDG>D >HI>IJID 8DBEG:CH>KD K6AA: 9> A:9GD B6GI BJH:D 9É6GI: BD9:GC6 : 8DCI:BEDG6C:6 9> IG:CID : GDK:G:ID BJH:D 9:<A> JH> : 8DHIJB> 9:AA6 <:CI: IG:CI>C6 BJH:D IG>9:CI>CD H8>:CO: C6IJG6A> EGD AD8D 96GOD JC>K:GH>I6É 9> IG:CID

HDBB6G>D

eV\# ''% 6B7>:CI: hX]ZYZ

&') &'* &'+ &', &'- &'. &(% &(& &(' &(( &() &(*

8DBJC: 9> 6G8D 8DBJC: 9> 8:CI6 H6C C>8DADÉ 8DBJC: 9> A6K6GDC: 8DBJC: 9> GDB6AAD 8DBJC: 9> GDK:G:ID 8DBJC: 9> IG:CID 8DBJC: 9> K>AA6 A6<6G>C6 8DCHDGO>D IJG>HI>8D EGD AD8D K6A G:C9:C6 :CI: E6G8D E6C:K:<<>D " E6A: 9> H# B6GI>CD >HI>IJID 8DBEG:CH>KD K6AA: 9> A:9GD BJH:D IG>9:CI>CD H8>:CO: C6IJG6A> JC>K:GH>I6É 9> IG:CID

eV\# '(( H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: 6AAÉ:HI:GD hX]ZYZ

&(+ &(, &(- &(. &)%

66I " 6HHD8>6O>DC: 6B>8> IG:CI>C> 6HHD8>6O>DC: 9> KDADCI6G>6ID IG:B:B7:É 8DCH><A>D EGDK>C8>6A: 9> IG:CID " ;dgjb IgZci^cd eZg aV eVXZ <IK <GJEED IG:CI>CD 9> KDADCI6G>6ID L=N " 6 LDGA9 =DB: ;DG NDJI= DCAJH

:CI> C6O>DC6A> eV\# '(. :CI> C6O>DC6A> hX]ZYZ

&)& &)' &)( &)) &)* &)+ &), &)- &). &*% &*& &*' &*( &*) &** &*+ &*, &*- &*.

6#8#A#># " 6HHD8>6O>DC> 8G>HI>6C: A6KDG6IDG> >I6A>6C> 688G> 6HH# 9> 8DDE 8G>HI>6C6 >CI:GC6O>DC6A: ;D8H>K 6#9#D#8# " 6HHD8>6O>DC: E:G A6 9>;:H6 : AÉDG>:CI6B:CID 9:> 8DCHJB6IDG> 6#>#H#B# " 6HHD8>6O>DC: >I6A>6C6 H8A:GDH> BJAI>EA6 D#C#A#J#H# 6G8> H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: 6HHD8>6O>DC: 8DBJC>I6É E6E6 <>DK6CC> MM>>> 86G>I6H >I6A>6C6 8DBJC>I6É BJG>6A9D " 86H6 <:C:G6A>O>6 E>6 HD8# IDG>C:H: H6C <>JH:EE: 8IH 8:CIGD IG:CI>CD 9> HDA>96G>:I6É ;#>#8#I# 8>II69>C6CO6II>K6 DCAJH 8DC;:9:G6O>DC: C6O>DC6A: B>H:G>8DG9>: 9É>I6A>6 8#G#># " 8GD8: GDHH6 >I6A>6C6! H:9: 8:CIG6A: C6O>DC6A: GB ;:9:G6O>DC: H8H$8CDH H6A:H>6C> >C68 " >HI>IJID C6O#A: 6HH>HI:CO6 8>II69>C> >I6A " >HI>IJID 9> IJI:A6 : 6HH>HI:CO6 A6KDG6IDG> B>C>HI:GD 9:AAÉ>CI:GCD " 9>E6GI>B:CID E:G A: A>7:GI6É 8>K>A> : AÉ>BB><G6O>DC: A#>#E#J# " A:<6 >I6A>6C6 EGDI:O>DC: J88:AA> EGDK>C8>6 6JIDCDB6 9> IG:CID JC>DC: C6O>DC6A: EGD AD8D 9É>I6A>6

96 9DK: C6H8: >A H:GK>O>D 8>K>A:

AZ gVY^X^ XjaijgVa^ YZaaÉdY^Zgcd HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hiVccd cZaaV hidg^V YZaaÉdW^Zo^dcZ Y^ Xd" hX^ZcoV VaaÉjhd YZaaZ Vgb^# AV Y^hdWWZY^ZcoV VaaÉdWWa^\d YZaaV aZkV bâîVgZ egZk^hid YVaaV 8dhiîjo^dcZ X]Z bdai^ \^dkVc^ ]Vccd VYdiiVid eZg gV\^dc^ gZa^\^dhZ Z edaî^X]Z ]V Vkjid jc eZgXdghd ajc\d Z Y^[ÒXâZ# Hdad cZa Y^XZbWgZ &.,'! ^c[Vii^! hiViV VeegdkViV YVa EVg" aVbZcid aV eg^bV aZ\\Z X]Z g^XdcdhXZkV aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ hkda\ZgZ jc hZgkô^d VaiZgcVi^kd VaaV aZkV bâîVgZ! bV aV hiZhhV aZ\\Z egZkZYZkV VcX]Z jcV hZg^Z Y^ dhiVXda^! V Xdb^cX^V" gZ YVaaV kVajiVo^dcZ ^c iZgb^c^ Y^ h^cXZgî| Z [dcYViZooV YZaaV YdbVcYV Y^ dW^Zo^dcZ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV YV eVgiZ Y^ jcV Xdbb^hh^dcZ X]Z [VXZkV XVed Va B^c^hiZgd YZaaV 9^[ZhV Z YVaaV YjgViV YZa hZgkô^d! diid bZh^ e^ ajc\V YZa hZgkô^d bâîVgZ# 6aXjc^ ZaZbZci^ dhiVi^k^ hdcd hiVi^ g^bdhh^ cZa iZbed \gVo^Z V Æhidg^X]ZÇ hZciZcoZ YZaaV 8dgiZ 8dhiîjo^dcVaZ X]Z cZa &.-* ]V g^XdcdhX^jid â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ XdbZ ZhegZhh^dcZ YZa Y^gîid$YdkZgZ Y^ Y^[ZhV YZaaV eVig^V egZk^hid YVaaV 8dhiîjo^dcZ! cZa &.-+ ]V igVh[Zgîd aV \^jg^hYô^dcZ Va ig^WjcVaZ X^kâZ Vco^X] V fjZaad bâîVgZ ZY ^cÒcZ! cZa &.-.! cZ ]V ZfjêVgVid aV YjgViV# Hdad cZa &..- Xdc aV aZ\\Z c# '(% h^ V[[ZgbV â Y^gîid V hkda\ZgZ! ^c VaiZgcVi^kV VaaV aZkV bâîVgZ! â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ g^XdcdhXZcYdcZ aÉjiâî| hdX^VaZ Z e^ ^c \ZcZgVaZ â XdcXdghd VaaV Y^[ZhV cdc VgbViV YZaaV eVig^V# AV g^[dgbV X]Z ]V ^ciZgZhhVid â hZgkô^d bâîVgZ egZkZYZcYdcZ aÉVXXZhhd ZhXajh^kV" bZciZ hj WVhZ kdadciVg^V ]V XdbedgiVid eVgVaaZaVbZciZ aV g^dg\VcôoVo^dcZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ# AV aZ\\Z c# +) YZa '%%& ]V ^hiîjîd Xdh â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ egZkZYZcYd X]Z Xdc aV hdheZch^dcZ YZaaÉdWWa^\d Y^ aZkV Zhhd Y^kZci^ VXXZhh^WâZ eZg hXZaiV# EZg jc eZg^dYd igVchîdg^d! X^d YVaaÉZcigViV ^c k^\dgZ YZaaV aZ\\Z c# +)$%& Va & \ZccV^d '%%* k^ hiViV aV XdbegZhZcoV YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hdhiîji^kd VaaV aZkV bâîVgZ Z YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ kdadciVg^d g^kdaid VaaZ gV\VooZ ZY V^ \^dkVc^ Y^X]^VgVi^ cdc ^YdcZ^ VaaV aZkV#

XdhV kjda Y^gZ! d\\^! [VgZ â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ EVgiZXêVgZ eZg &' bZh^ VY jc egd\Ziid Y^ jiâî| hdX^VaZ gîZcjid ^ciZgZhhVciZ aÉde" edgijcî| X]Z â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ d[[gZ d\\^ V^ \^dkVc^! YV^ &- V^ '- Vcc^# > egd\Zii^ hdcd egdedhi^ Z gZVaôoVi^ YV Zci^ ZY dg\VcôoVo^dc^ hZcoV hXded Y^ ajXgd cZ^ hZiidg^ YZaaÉVhh^" hiZcoV! YZaaÉVbW^ZciZ Z egdiZo^dcZ X^kâZ! YZaaÉZYjXVo^dcZ Z YZaaV egdbdo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ! YZaaV ijiZaV Z kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZa eVig^bdc^d Vgi^hi^Xd Z XjaijgVaZ# >a \^dkVcZ hXZ\a^Z igV ^ egd\Zii^ bZhh^ V WVcYd fjZaad X]Z e^ ad ^ciZgZhhV Z egZhZciV aV egdeg^V Y^hedc^Wâî| Y^gZiiVbZciZ VaaÉZciZ egdbdidgZ YZa egd\Ziid# AÉ^cXdcigd igV ZciZ Z gV\Vood$V XdchZciZ V X^VhXjcV YZaaZ eVgi^ Y^ kVajiVgZ Z XdbegZcYZgZ hZ Zh^hidcd Z fjVa^ hdcd! aZ XdcYô^dc^ eZg jcV XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ gZXêgdXVbZciZ hdYY^h[VXZciZ#

fjVa^ hdcd aZ XVgViiZg^hi^X]Z YZ^ egd\Zii^

K^V <# <^aa^ ( " (-&'& IG:CID

AV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ Va egd\Ziid egZkZYZ jc Xd^ckda\^bZcid YZa \^dkVcZ ^c Vii^kî| ^YdcZZ VaaZ hjZ XdbeZiZcoZ Z gZhedchVWâî|! cdc jc aVkdgd! bV jcÉZheZg^ZcoV X]Z ]V XdbZ hXded eg^dgîVg^d aÉ^chZg^bZcid gZhedchVWâZ YZa \^dkVcZ ^c jcV gZVai| hdX^VaZ ViigVkZghd ad hkâjeed Y^ XdbeZiZcoZ heZX^ÒX]Z! aÉVeegZcY^bZcid Y^ gZ\daZ dg\VcôoVi^" kZ! aV XgZVo^dcZ Y^ gZi^ gZaVo^dcVa^! aÉVXfj^hô^dcZ Y^ XdchVeZkdaZooV hja egdeg^d gjdad Y^ XîiVY^cd# >a egd\Ziid YjgV &' bZh^ Z cdc edhh^WâZ gêZiZgZ aÉZheZg^ZcoV# D\c^ egd\Ziid egZkZYZ Vii^kî| [dgbVi^kZ! bV aV ÒadhdÒV Y^ WVhZ fjZaaV YZaaÉ^beVgVgZ [VXZcYd# Egdeg^d eZg YVgZ [dgoV V fjZhiV ^bedhiVo^dcZ egZk^hiV aV Ò\jgV YZaaÉDeZgVidgZ adXVaZ Y^ Egd\Ziid! jc ZheZgid cZaaZ Vii^kî| heZX^ÒX]Z! X]Z ]V â Xdbeîd Y^ V[ÒVcXVgZ â \^dkVcZ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ cZaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZa egd\Ziid! V^jiVcYdad VY VXfj^hiVgZ Vjidcdb^V Z XdbeZ" iZcoZ# AÉ^beZ\cd dgVg^d X]^Zhid Va \^dkVcZ ej ZhhZgZ hZii^bVcVaZ eZg b^c^bd (% dgZ d Vc" cjVaZ eZg &)%% dgZ [dg[ZiVg^Z# D\c^ bZhZ hdcd Xdgg^hedhi^ Va \^dkVcZ )((!-% Zjgd cZii^ Z aÉVccd Y^ hZgkô^d ej ZhhZgZ g^XdcdhX^jid V^ Òc^ egZk^YZco^Va^#

96 9DK: C6H8: >A H:GK>O>D 8>K>A:

X]^ hdcd \a^ Zci^ Z aZ dg\VcôoVo^dc^ Edhhdcd egZhZciVgZ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hdad \a^ Zci^ ^hXgîi^ V\a^ Veedhî^ 6aW^ cV" o^dcVaZ! eZg \a^ Zci^ X]Z hkda\dcd aZ egdeg^Z Vii^kî| ^c e^ gZ\^dc^0 gZ\^dcVaZ d egdk^cX^VaZ cZa XVhd YZaaZ egdk^cXZ VjidcdbZ Y^ IgZcid Z 7daoVcd! eZg \a^ Zci^ X]Z ]Vccd jc VbWîd YÉ^ciZgkZcid iZggîdg^VabZciZ a^bîVid # AÉ^hXgô^dcZ VaaÉ6aWd \VgVci^hXZ â edhhZhhd YV eVgiZ YZ\a^ Zci^ Y^ gZfj^hî^ ZhhZco^Va^ Z aV Y^hedc^Wâî| Y^ VaXjcZ XVgViiZg^hi^X]Z gîZcjiZ cZXZhhVg^Z eZg â Wjdc Zhîd YZ^ egd\Zii^# AÉ6aWd egdk^cX^VaZ YZ\a^ Zci^ ZY dg\VcôoVo^dc^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ iZcjid YVaaÉJ[ÒX^d HZgkô^d 8^kâZ YZaaV Egdk^cX^V VjidcdbV Y^ IgZcid#

Æ:H#H:G#8>#Ç :HeZg^ZcoZ Y^ H:Gkô^d 8>kâZ cVid cZa '%%+ eZg gZVaôoVgZ! gVXXd\a^ZgZ Z Y^[[dcYZgZ ^c[dgbVo^dc^ hja HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Vaad hXded Y^ XdchZci^gZ cjdkZ XdaaVWdgV" o^dc^ Z h^cZg\^Z Z Xdhiîj^hXZ dgbV^ â WgVcY YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ^c Egdk^cX^V Y^ IgZcid# H^ XVgViiZgôoV eZg aÉ^ccdkVo^dcZ YZaaZ egdedhiZ Z eZg aV g^hedhiV XdcXgZiV VaaZ Zh^\ZcoZ Y^ eVgiZXêVo^dcZ YZ^ \^dkVc^# Æ:H#H:G#8>#Ç h^ egdedcZ XdbZ jc VjiZci^Xd aVWdgVidg^d Y^ ^YZZ! YdkZ ZheZg^ZcoZ ZY ViiîjY^c^ edhhVcd XdckZg\ZgZ! Xdc[gdciVgh^ Z \ZcZgVgZ ^ccdkVo^dcZ#

ZhhZgX^5egdk^cX^V#ic#^i lll#ZhhZgX^dca^cZ#^i iZa# %)+& ).(&%%

8DBJC>86O>DC:/ EGDBDO>DC: : H:CH>7>A>OO6O>DC:

EJ77A>8>I¿ > \^dkVc^ YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ hdcd hiVi^ egdiV\dc^hi^ YZaaÉVii^kî| Y^ Xdbj" c^XVo^dcZ! hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ Z egdbdo^dcZ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ^c bdaiZea^X^ [dgbZ# Egdbdidg^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Z iZhi^bdc^ ^beZ\cVi^ VcX]Z ^c dXXVh^dcZ YZaaZ ÒZgZ! YV fjZaaZ e^ ededaVg^ V fjZaaZ e^ iZbVi^X]Z ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ ;V aV XdhV \^jhiV Z aV ;^ZgV YZaaZ >YZZ ]Vccd egZhZciVid â adgd ^beZ\cd XdbZ 8îiVY^c^ Vii^k^#

> 9:EA>6CIH 6cX]Z cZaaV e^ igVYô^dcVaZ YZaaZ [dgbjaZ ejWWa^XîVg^Z ;gVcXZhXV 8d" hiVcod! A^ccZi 7ZiiV! <^jhZeeZ BVg^cd Z 9Vc^ZaZ Dhi^ hdcd XdbeVgh^ hj bVc^[Zhi^! hig^hX^dc^! adXVcY^cZ Z YZea^Vci# =Vccd hXZaid Y^ ZhhZgZ iZhi^" bdc^ gZVa^ Z kZg^! cdc kdai^ egZhiVi^ YVaaÉ^cYjhig^V ejWWa^XîVg^V#

8DBJC>86O>DC: " EGDBDO>DC: : H:CH>7>A>OO6O>DC:

H>ID! ;68:7DD@! NDJIJ7: AV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ Xdc ^ \^dkVc^ cdc ej cdc Xdch^YZgVgZ aZ cjdkZ iZX" cdad\^Z ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ ^ hdX^Va cZildg` Z lZW# AÉj[ÒX^d Z ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ ^ \^dkVc^ ^beZ\cVi^ cZa egd\Ziid :h#HZg#8^/ Æ<^dkVc^ ^c gZiZÇ ]Vccd ^YZVid jc h^id ^ciZgcZi YZY^XVid VY :h#HZg#8^#! ]Vccd VeZgid jc egdÒad hj [VXZ"

8DBJC>86O>DC: " EGDBDO>DC: : H:CH>7>A>OO6O>DC:

Wdd`! ]Vccd XdciViiVid Vb^X^ Z Xdhigjîd gZaVo^dc^! ]Vccd Vgg^XX]îd Z YdXjbZciVid aZ Vii^kî| hkdaiZ YVa hZgkô^d X^kâZ ^c IgZci^cd! VcX]Z \gV" o^Z V gêgZhZ Z ^ciZgk^hiZ ejWWa^XViZ hj ndjijWZ#

8DBJC>86O>DC:/ EGDBDO>DC: : H:CH>7>A>OO6O>DC:

A: 8>II¿ >CK>H>7>A> CZa '%%. " '%&% aÉJ[ÒX^d ]V Vii^kVid jcV hZg^Z Y^ ^cô^Vi^kZ! jc XVaZcYV" g^d e^jiidhid g^XXd Y^ dXXVh^dc^ eZg hZch^WâôoVgZ ^ \^dkVc^ Z aV Xdbjcî| g^heZiid Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ#

IG:C

V Æ>A

g^ Y d CZ BVjg

'%%

V\\^d

Ç b I>CD

>a eZgXdghd Xdbe^jid YV^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Xd^ckdai^ cZa aVWdgVid" g^d iZVigVaZ hdiid aV gZ\^V Y^ :# ;gVii^c^! ]V edgiVid VaaÉVaaZhi^bZcid Y^ jcd heZiiVXdad iZVigVaZ dg^\^cVaZ Z a^WZgVbZciZ ^ciZgegZiVid igViid YVaaÉdeZgV Y^ >iVad 8Vak^cd aZ Æ8îi| >ck^h^Wâ^Ç ÆEZg VaigZ Xîi| cdc hVegZ^ igVXX^VgZ aV gdiiVÇ â iîdad YZaad heZiiVXdad X]Z ]V YZWjiiVid â '' bVgod '%%. Va IZVigd HdX^VaZ Y^ IgZcid#

8DHá <A> 6IIDG> G688DCI6CD/ > A67>G>CI> 9:AA: CDHIG: 8>II¿ “Per altre città non saprei tracciare la rotta” è l’intrigante titolo di un recital letterario ispirato a Le città invisibili, famoso testo di Italo Calvino, che i giovani trentini impegnati nel Servizio Civile (ES.SER.CI) hanno messo in scena, abilmente guidati dal mimo-attore-regista Emilio Frattini. Ma perché i giovani di ES.SER.CI. - su input dell’Ufﬁcio Servizio Civile della Provincia autonoma di Trento - hanno scelto la città? Anzi, le città più diverse lacerate dai dubbi e dagli inquinamenti, straziate da convivenze vissute male, labirinti di cemento e ferro che racchiudono la difﬁcoltà dell’uomo di comunicare e di relazionare? Perché queste città

8DBJC>86O>DC:/ EGDBDO>DC: : H:CH>7>A>OO6O>DC:

…ho sempre pensato al teatro come un’attività grazie alla quale metti in gioco tutto te stesso in quanto fare teatro richiede elevata capacità relazionale e di capire l’altro al punto di saper assumere i panni di qualcuno che non sei tu. … percepire il profumo dell’attesa, dell’adrenalina, della paura più costruttiva che esista, quella di sbagliare, ma che spinge a dare il meglio …ma questo non è solo uno spettacolo bellissimo per me attore di parte, lo è anche per i messaggi che manda, per la cura con cui è stato realizzato, per l’impegno che noi, umili figuranti, che diamo timidamente voce alle parole inchiostratre sulla carte di un grande come Italo Calvino, e per il suo significato che il Servizio Civile ci ha fatto comprendere: collaborazione, entusiasmo, dedizione e sacrificio sono le parole chiave per vincere qualsiasi barriera e raggiungere ogni obbiettivo.

;did Y^ <^VXdbd 7^VcX]^

“invisibili” sono le metafore delle nostre comunità e del nostro comportamento individuale che si rispecchia nel collettivo; perché le città scrivono storie crudeli come crudele può essere l’uomo; perché nelle città si riflettono le nostre ansie, i nostri problemi, i nostri mutismi o le nostre urla... È stato uno spettacolo affascinante, quello andato in scena a fine marzo a Trento, in un Teatro Sociale esaurito in ogni ordine di posti. È stata sì la bravura dei sedici giovani attori ad imporsi con scene di danza, di mimo e di giocoleria presentati ad un livello professionistico; è stata sì la mano del regista che ha saputo guidare con esperienza e delicatezza queste giovani leve del teatro per portarle un poco alla volta ad esprimere sé stessi, più che i personaggi interpretati; è stato sì il testo di Calvino, bellissimo e coinvolgente, ad affascinare gli spettatori... ma è stata soprattutto la gioventù ad imporre il proprio entusiasmo, la propria voglia di cambiare registro, di dare anima al cemento e creatività all’acciaio. Sono stati loro a danzare le mille corde delle loro utopie per creare alla fin fine la “loro” città, la Città ideale in cui ci si parla, ci si sorride, si cammina tutti nella medesima direzione, ci si aiuta e ci si confronta... È stato indubbiamente un lungo lavoro, quello fatto dai giovani del Servizio Civile, un lavoro che senz’altro li ha aiutati a crescere ed è bello che all’origine di ciò ci sia un “vecchio” testo letterario che però mantiene ancor oggi intatto il suo valore. «Il teatro è qualcosa che non si ferma mai - hanno detto i giovani attori - e ci dà soddisfazione poter pensare che non lo facciamo solo per noi stessi e che darà un’emozione, una sensazione a tutti quelli che vorranno condividere. Le città che ci abitano, le città dentro di noi, quelle che siamo, quelle che diventiamo, quelle che non siamo più, quelle perfette a cui tendiamo e quelle infernali da cui fuggiamo... Sentieri di un labirinto in cui vivere i nostri segreti, le metamorfosi e le nostre leggerezze; in cui accorgerci che l’inferno dell’indifferenza e delle abitudini ha una geometria chimica che ci fa specchiare e ci chiede una scelta». Al termine, gli applausi si sono sprecati ed effettivamente gli spettatori hanno vissuto sulla propria pelle l’esperienza del coinvolgimento totale: lì, sul palco del Sociale, si stava parlando proprio della “nostra” città, di quella in cui noi bene o male viviamo ogni giorno, con la voglia di migliorarla, di farla più bella e diversa.

8DBJC>86O>DC:/ EGDBDO>DC: : H:CH>7>A>OO6O>DC:

…passo dopo passo, il nostro viaggio è diventato sempre più entusiasmante e divertente ma non per questo meno impegnativo e importante…ogni nostro incontro ci ha reso consapevoli che il mondo non deve pensare che i giovani siano soltanto quelli che si scolano la birra perché non sanno cosa altro fare, che si deprimono pensando al loro futuro, che non reagiscono vinti dalla noia, ma quelli che si impegnano per un progetto, ci credono ﬁno in fondo e sanno trovare le risorse per portarlo avanti. …Le città che ci abitano, le città dentro di noi, quelle che siamo, quelle che diventiamo, quelle che non siamo più, quelle perfette a cui tendiamo e quelle infernali da cui fuggiamo. Sentieri di un labirinto in cui vivere i nostri segreti, le metamorfosi e le nostre leggerezze; in cui accorgerci che l’inferno dell’indifferenza e delle abitudini ha una geometria chimica che ci fa specchiare e ci chiede una scelta.

Ad heZiiVXdad hiVid egdedhid VaaZ jai^bZ XaVhh^ YZaaZ hXjdaZ hjeZg^dg^! ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ â * cdkZbWgZ VaaÉ6jYîdg^jb BZadii^ Y^ GdkZgZid! V\a^ hijYZci^ YZaaÉ >hiîjid HjeZg^dgZ BâVc^$9ZeZgd! ;âo^ Z BVgXdc^ Y^ GdkZgZid Z YZaaÉ>hiîjid ;adg^Vc^ Y^ G^kV YZa <VgYV# 6 IgZcid cZ^ \^dgc^ &. Z '% cdkZbWgZ! â IZVigd HdX^VaZ Y^ IgZcid ]V dheîVid aÉ>hiîjid EâVi^ Y^ 8aZh! aÉ>hiîjid BVgi^c^ Y^ BZoodadbWVgYd! aÉ>hiîjid B# 8jg^Z Y^ EZg\^cZ KVahj\VcV! aÉ>hiîjid hjeZg^dgZ Y^ Eg^b^Zgd! aÉ>hiîjid GdhV 7^VcXV Y^ 8VkVaZhZ Z EgZYVood! aÉ>hiîjid Ijg^hi^Xd 7Vii^hi^! â IVbWdh^! aÉ>hiîjid 6giZ Kîidg^V! â A^XZd Bjh^XVaZ 7dbedgi^! â A^XZd Gdhb^c^! â Edood! â A^XZd <VaâZ^ Z 9V K^cX^! >I8 7jdcVggdi^ Z aÉ6gX^kZhXdkâZ eZg jc idiVaZ Y^ X^gXV &*%% hijYZci^# AV gZea^XV YZa hZgVaZ YZa '% cdkZbWgZ! g^kdaiV VaaV XîiVY^cVcoV ]V kdajid hdhiZcZgZ! ^c Xd^cX^YZcoV Xdc aÉVYdo^dcZ YZaaV Y^X]^VgVo^dcZ YZ^ Y^gîi^ YZa [VcX^jaad YV eVgiZ YZaaZ cVo^dc^ jcîZ! â egd\Ziid BZc^cV @VjVcZ X]Z V^jiV Z hdhi^ZcZ ^ WVbW^c^ ^cXVgXZgVi^ ^c 7gVhâZ#

A6 8>II¿ 9:AA6 E68: ÆHigVaX^ÇYZaad heZiiVXdad! VbW^ZciVi^ cZaaV hj\\Zhi^kV Xdgc^XZ YZa XZcigd hidg^Xd Y^ GdkZgZid! hdcd hiVi^ dheîVi^ VaaV eg^bV ZYô^dcZ YZa EgZb^d >ciZgcVo^dcVaZ 8îi| YZaaV EVXZ dg\VcôoVid YVaaV ;dcYVo^dcZ DeZgV 8VbeVcV YZ^ 8VYji^ Z YZaaV EVXZ Y^ GdkZgZid Z hdhiZcjiV YVaaV Egdk^cX^V 6jidcdbV Y^ IgZcid# FjZhid ZkZcid Y^ gâZkVcoV ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ ]V ad hXded Y^ [Vg XdcdhXZgZ Z kVadgôoVgZ aZ Xdbjcî|! e^XXdaZ d \gVcY^! X]Z h^ XdcigVYY^hi^c\jdcd eZg â adgd ^beZ\cd cZa XgZVgZ Z hkâjeeVgZ jcV XjaijgV YZaaV eVXZ# >a egZb^d '%%. hiVid VhhZ\cVid VaaV Xdbjcî| Y^ 6XjeZ! jcV e^XXdaV Xdbjcî| .% X]âdbZig^ YV HVakVYdg YZ 7V]^V ^c 7gVhâZ X]Z dg^\^cVg^VbZciZ ZgV jc FjâdbWd! X^d jcV Xdbjcî| Y^ hX]^Vk^ V[g^XVc^ [j\\î^ YVaaZ e^VciV\^dc^# AZ k^XZcYZ g^hVaZci^ VaaÉZedXV YZaaV hX]^Vkî hdcd hiViZ gVeegZhZciViZ YVaaZ YVcoZ YZa \gjeed ÆCZ\d ;j\^YdÇ#

8DBJC>86O>DC:/ EGDBDO>DC: : H:CH>7>A>OO6O>DC:

HJAA: GDII: 9:A BDC9D AV Y^hedc^Wâî| YZ^ \^dkVc^ ^c H#8# VY ZhhZgZ Xd^ckdai^! egZhZci^! eVgiZXê^ Z egdiV\dc^hi^ cZaaZ dXXVh^dc^ Y^ g^ÓZhh^dcZ hj^ kVadg^ YZaaV hda^YVg^Zi|! a^ ]V XdcYdii^ V eVgiZXêVgZ VaaÉVeejciVbZcid ÆHjaaZ gdiiZ YZa bdcYdÇ# AÉZkZcid! dg\VcôoVid YVaaV Egdk^cX^V! YVaaÉ6gX^Y^dXZh^ Y^ IgZcid Z YVa 8Zcigd b^hh^dcVg^d Y^dXZhVcd! ]V YZY^XVid aV hjV eg^bV ZYô^dcZ Va" aÉ6[g^XV Z VaaÉdeZgVid YZ^ b^hh^dcVg^ igZci^c^ ^c fjZa Xdci^cZciZ# > \^dkVc^ ]Vccd Vkjid aÉdXXVh^dcZ Y^ ^ciZgk^hiVga^! Y^ Veegd[dcY^gZ Z VcX]Z hkâje" eVg! Y^Vad\]^ cdc hdad aZ\Vi^ VaaV gVXXdaiV Y^ ^c[dgbVo^dc^! bV VcX]Z VaaV XdcY^k^h^dcZ Y^ Zbdo^dc^ Z YZaaZ hidg^Z eZghdcVa^# AV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ ]V XdchZciîd aV egdYjo^dcZ Y^ jc VaWjb [did\gVÒXd YZ^ b^hh^dcVg^ igZci^c^ Z aV gVXXdaiV YZaaZ ^ciZgk^hiZ Xdc egZ" o^dhZ iZhi^bdc^VcoZ k^YZd#

8DBJC>86O>DC:/ EGDBDO>DC: : H:CH>7>A>OO6O>DC:

>A K>C>A: BZiiZgh^ ^c \^dXd cZaaV g^ZaVWdgVo^dcZ Z cZa gêZchVbZcid YZa k^câZ eZg XgZVgZ hj\\Zhi^dc^ Z dXXVh^dc^ Y^ g^ÓZhh^dcZ! egdedcZcYdcZ jcV adgd ^ciZgegZiVo^dcZ eZghdcVaZ K^câZ ^c HZgkô^d! hiViV aV hÒYV YZa aVWdgVidg^d YÉVgiZ XdcYdiid YV 6ccVbVg^V <Zab^# >he^gVid Va egd\Ziid î^" cZgVciZ MM#.#&' 6G8=>K>D K>C>A: XjgVid YV 6YdaÒcV HiZ[Vc^ ]V XdchZc" iîd aV XgZVo^dcZ Y^ bdaiZ deZgZ X]Z hdcd hiViZ ZhedhiZ cZa hj\\Zhi^kd X]^dhigd YZaaÉZm 8dckZcid YZ\a^ 6\dhi^c^Vc^ Y^ IgZcid YVa '' \^j\cd Va ) aj\a^d '%%.# EZg ^ \^dkVc^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ h^ igViiVid Y^ jc eZgXdghd VaaV hXdeZgiV Y^ jc a^c\jV\\^d ^cjhjVaZ! Xdc \gVbbVi^X]Z hXdcdhX^jiZ Z kdXVWda^ [Vii^ Y^ Xdadg^! hZ\c^ ZY d\\Zii^# 6a k^câZ ]Vccd V[ÒYVid â egdeg^d bZhhV\\^d eZghdcVaZ Z â YZh^YZg^d Y^ Xdbjc^XVgZ eZg h^bWda^# AZ deZgZ! ^chiVaaViZ VXXVcid V fjZaaZ Y^ Vgi^hi^ cVo^dcVa^ ZY ^ciZgcVo^dcVa^! ]Vccd XgZVid Xdh jc eVcdgVbV Xdbedhîd cZa fjVaZ ZgV edhh^WâZ g^cigVXX^VgZ jc eVig^bd" c^d g^XXd Y^ hZch^Wâî| Z k^hhji^ eZghdcVa^# KVadgZ [dcYVbZciVaZ Va XZcigd Y^ fjZhiV ZheZg^ZcoV XgZVi^kV egdedhiV YVa hZgkô^d X^kâZ aV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ hda^YVaZ# :É ^c fjZhiV egdheZii^kV ^c[Vii^! X]Z ^ \^dkVc^ egdiV\dc^hi^ ]Vccd XdcY^k^hd aÉ^YZV Y^ d[[g^gZ ^ adgd ZaVWdgVi^ eZg Xdcig^Wj^gZ XdcXgZiVbZciZ VY jc egd\Ziid Y^ WZcZ XdbjcZ# >a '. \^j\cd aZ adgd deZgZ hdcd hiViZ bZhhZ VaaÉVhiV V hdhiZ\cd YZa egd\Ziid Æjc Vb^Xd ^c e^ eZg [ZgbVgZ aÉ6>9HÇ X]Z! ViigVkZghd aÉ6hhd" X^Vo^dcZ 6b^X^ YZa HZcVidgZ HeV\cda^ dcajh! d[[gZ [VgbVX^ Vci^k^gVa^ VaaV ededaVo^dcZ YZaad O^bWVlZ#

8DBJC>86O>DC:/ EGDBDO>DC: : H:CH>7>A>OO6O>DC:

JC >C:9>ID HE6O>D 9> :HEG:HH>DC: : 8DC;GDCID! 6 (( <>G> Y^ HVgV <jZab^ YV Æ>a IgZci^cdÇ \^j\cd '%%.

Giuseppe: lunaelaltro «Il mare in tempesta e la Luna al centro del cielo. Due elementi che si guardano, ogni notte, ovunque, comunque, mettendosi a disposizione di chi ha gli occhi giusti per guardare. L’opera rappresenta i due elementi naturali più citati in canzoni, poesie e opere letterarie di diverso genere che accompagnano l’uomo nei momenti di riﬂessione e solitudine

Stefano: r.i.p. «è un’istallazione ispirata alla teoria sul destino dell’universo denominata Big rip (grande strappo) che prevede una continua accelerazione dell’espansione dell’Universo e alla ﬁne, l’universo frantumato in piccole particelle. La chiave dell’opera è infatti il continuo accelerare dell’evoluzione del mondo tecnologico che annienta tutto ciò che ha precedentemente costruito. È ciò che è successo al vinile: piccolo universo “strappato” all’esistenza dall’evoluzione tecnologica. I cocci vengono raccolti da un universo superiore che ne decide il prossimo destino: farlo divenire opera d’arte».

Lia: con Ascoltami ma ascoltiamoci «la forma circolare del disco evoca morfologicamente il globo terrestre; così la musica, il cui ﬁne intrinseco è essere ascoltata, ricorda la voce del mondo che invoca l’attenzione dell’uomo sulle problematiche sociali e ambientali».

Linnet: La contaminazione «L’onda sonora in espansione nell’aria (la struttura in ferro) entra in contatto con tre dischi, i cui molteplici colori rappresentano ciascuno un genere musicale: dalla contaminazione tra i generi nasce una musica più ricca e diversa, con una maggiore valenza innovativa e creativa».

SERVIZIO VINILE, la mostra allestita presso l’ex Convento degli Agostiniani a Trento, gioca sull’assonanza tra Civile e Vinile. Assonanza che crea un inedito spazio di espressione e di confronto tra ES.SER.CI., Esperienze Servizio Civile, e il vecchio 33 giri, appunto in vinile, con il suo carico di suggestione e di storia. Il vinile è oggi, per molti, un oggetto in disuso di cui gli adulti hanno un ricordo, anche vagamente nostalgico, che riporta a note care. Note che hanno accompagnato più epoche, ascoltate grazie a delicate puntine e a impianti che ormai hanno perso il posto d’onore. Per i collezionisti, il vinile è un oggetto di culto: significa ricerca amorosa, e a volte un po’ maniacale, di un LP raro o di un’edizione limitata. Per altri è un’eco lontana, soppiantata da tecnologie che compattano, in congegni sempre più piccoli, ogni tipo di musica, da ascoltare spesso in solitudine mimeticamente isolati da minuscoli auricolari. Per i più giovani il vinile è ormai storia. Storia di una musica delle generazioni passate, di cui recuperare suoni e parole nelle versioni originali o reinterpretate con ritmi nuovi. Ma è una musica immateriale, possibilmente da scaricare da internet. Il Vinile è cosa out. Anche il CD, pur nella sua materialità, brillante e iridescente alla luce, è altra cosa rispetto all’ingombrante, pesante, delicato LP. Per ARCHIVIO VINILE, quest’oggetto fuori moda si è trasformato in una suggestione creativa per fondere tutte le arti. «L’intento è quello di proseguire il concetto iniziato dal movimento Fluxus nel 1961 negli Stati Uniti: arrivare, attraverso una serie di happenings legati alla contemporaneità delle arti totali, al superamento di ogni barriera tra la creatività e l’atteggiamento indiscriminato della nostra vita». Il progetto ha coinvolto finora più di 170 artisti di provenienza internazionale e si arricchisce via via di nuove contaminazioni artistiche aderendo alle suggestioni del Ready Made. Reagendo a queste suggestioni un gruppo di giovani impegnati nel Servizio Civile ha colto l’opportunità offerta dal laboratorio Servizio Vinile organizzato dalla Provincia con la regia dell’artista trentina Annamaria Gelmi. Si tratta di ragazzi e ragazze che senza alcuna presunzione artistica, ma anzi sfidando l’intimo pudore ad esprimere la propria creatività, hanno affidato al vinile un proprio messaggio personale e la propria voglia di comunicare per simboli. Un percorso che li ha accompagnati nella scoperta di un linguaggio inusuale con grammatiche sconosciute e vocaboli fatti di colori, segni ed oggetti. Anche se la prospettiva iniziale non era certo quella si produrre tanti piccoli capolavori, l’esito è andato oltre le aspettative. Lo spazio della creatività ha dato forma ed espressione agli infiniti modi con cui le esperienze quotidiane, le sensazioni più intime, il rapporto con gli altri e lo sguardo verso il futuro sono visti e sentiti dai giovani che hanno accettato la sfida con entusiasmo e voglia di “ES.SER.CI.” Una sfida innanzitutto con se stessi, accettando il rischio di mettersi in gioco, ma soprattutto di non subire passivamente l’omologazione o il rassicurante abbraccio dei luoghi comuni. Come afferma Ferdinando Camon l’approccio all’arte «...non è mai un’operazione indolore. Non è mai neutrale. Uno scrittore, un pittore, un regista, quando comincia a lavorare su un’opera, è perché ha qualcosa da dire. Qualcosa di nuovo rispetto alla morale corrente, a tutto ciò che già c’è». Riflettere e comunicare attraverso l’arte messaggi di umanità, esprimere disponibilità di partecipazione solidale sono i fondamentali con i quali i giovani in '&

8DBJC>86O>DC:/ EGDBDO>DC: : H:CH>7>A>OO6O>DC:

Elena, invece, con Un occhio al vinile rappresenta un occhio che guarda il mondo e un’epoca stravolta da continui cambiamenti. La pupilla non riesce a cogliere l’istante e rimane vuota, priva di immagini. La lacrima è segno bivalente di gioia o dolore al continuo cambiamento».

Servizio Civile si sono confrontati e che hanno voluto mettere al centro della loro esperienza. Per questo, protagonisti consapevoli di un percorso privilegiato hanno condiviso l’idea di offrire i loro elaborati per contribuire concretamente ad un progetto di bene comune: le opere dei giovani saranno messe all’asta il 29 giugno per sostenere il progetto Un amico in più per fermare l’AIDS che, attraverso l’Associazione Amici del Senatore Spagnoli onlus, offre farmaci antivirali alla popolazione dello Zimbabwe. Visitare la mostra e partecipare all’asta è l’invito a condividere un percorso di crescita personale e civico che i giovani e gli artisti di XX.9.12 ARCHIVIO VINILE rivolgono a tutti coloro che credono che anche un piccolo contributo personale possa essere utile per rendere migliore il mondo. Archivio fotograﬁco VINILE

Agnese: il suo DiscoMoneyStar signiﬁca che «alla ricerca del successo troppe volte gli artisti dimenticano il vero signiﬁcato della musica. I soldi, la fama e l’immagine prendono il posto delle vere emozioni che la musica può dare. Ma il vinile rappresenta qualcosa di più profondo: sensazioni e suoni che vanno al di là del chiasso della “businessmusic”. Il disco subisce una metamorfosi e diventa una stella, metafora di quella mutazione avvenuta nella musica, che rispecchia lo scenario moderno nel quale l’ottica del guadagno prevale su tutto».

>c dXXVh^dcZ YZaaÉ^cVj\jgVo^dcZ Y^ ajcZY '' \^j\cd '%%. aZ eZg[dgbVcXZ YZ\a^ Vgi^hi^ 6YdaÒcV 9Z HiZ[Vc^ Z 6cidcZaad BVcidkVc^ Xdc â Xd^ckda\^bZcid Y^ ) \^dkVc^! YjZ gV\Voo^ Z YjZ gV\VooZ! ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ#

;DGB6O>DC: : A67DG6IDG>

6II>K>I¿ 9> ;DGB6O>DC: 6ii^kî| Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ! egZk^hiZ YVaaV cdgbVi^kV cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ! hdcd hiViZ g^kdaiZ h^V V^ \^dkVc^ X]Z V\a^ deZgVidg^ Y^ h^hiZbV#

K6AJI6O>DC: iVWZaaV Y^ h^ciZh^ Dg\VcôoVo^dcZ \ZcZgVaZ 6bW^ZciZ Y^ aVkdgd 8dciZcji^ YZa bdYjad 9^hedc^Wâî| YZa 9dXZciZ cZaaV gZaVo^dcZ Xdc ^ \^dkVc^ 8dc\gjî| YZaaÉVg\dbZcid Xdc â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ G^heZiid YZ\a^ dgVg^ Z YZaaV Xdck^kZcoV

,!. -!'

B:9>6

,!.

,! ,!) ,! -!*

>c eVgi^XdaVgZ! eZg fjVcid g^\jVgYV ^ \^dkVc^ aV [dgbVo^dcZ \ZcZgVaZ! gZVaôoViV ^c [dgbV gZh^YZco^VaZ egZhhd aÉDhiZaad Y^ GdkZgZid! ]V k^hid ^beZ\cVi^ XdbeaZhh^kVbZciZ '%% \^dkVc^# GZVaôoVgZ â eZgXdghd [dgbVi^kd dWWa^\Vidg^d Xdc bdYVaî| gZh^YZco^VaZ jcV egdedhiV! jc^XV ^c >iVa^V! X]Z aÉJ[ÒX^d HZgkô^d 8^kâZ YZaaV Egdk^cX^V gî^ZcZ deedgijcV eZg [Vkdg^gZ aV XgZVo^dcZ Y^ gZaVo^dc^ Z XdcdhXZcoZ igV ^ \^dkVc^ ^beZ\cVi^ egZhhd jcV bdaiZea^Xî| Y^ Zci^# AZ g^YdiiZ Y^bZch^d" c^ YZ\a^ Zci^ Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ ^c IgZci^cd ^c[Vii^! iZcYdcd V Xd^ckda\ZgZ jc cjbZgd b^c^bd Y^ \^dkVc^ eZg egd\Ziid Z X^ XdbedgiV â g^hX]^d YZaaV [gVbbZciVo^dcZ Z YZaaÉ^hdaVbZcid! heZX^Z cZaaZ odcZ eZg^[Zg^X]Z# Cdc hZXdcYVg^V ^cdaigZ aÉ^bedgiVcoV Viig^WjîV VY jcÉd[[ZgiV [dgbVi^kV jcîVg^V X]Z \VgVci^hXZ V ijii^ ^ \^dkVc^! ^cYêZcYZciZbZciZ YVaaÉZciZ! YVaaZ hjZ Y^bZch^dc^ Z g^hdghZ! jcV egdedhiV Y^ fjVaî|# EZg g^hedcYZgZ ^c bdYd hZbegZ e^ Z[ÒXVXZ Z eZg XdchZci^gZ b^\a^dgVbZci^ cZaaV egd" edhiV! ^c dXXVh^dcZ YZaaV [dgbVo^dcZ \ZcZgVaZ V^ \^dkVc^ hiVid X]^Zhid! igVbîZ fjZhi^dcVg^! Y^ Zheg^bZgZ aZ adgd kVajiVo^dc^ h^V gZaVi^kVbZciZ V^ h^c\da^ bdYja^ [dgbVi^k^! V^ YdXZci^! V^ XdciZcji^ Z VaaZ bZidYdad\^Z Y^YVii^X]Z! h^V VaaÉZheZg^ZcoV cZa hjd ^ch^ZbZ# 8dbZ h^ Zk^cXZ YVaaV iVWZaaV Y^ h^ciZh^! aV kVajiVo^dcZ! ZhegZhhV Xdc kV" adg^ YV & V &%! e^ X]Z edhî^kV# >cdaigZ! â )* Xdch^YZgV ^ciZgZhhVciZ aÉZheZg^ZcoV k^hhjiV0 ZY â &( h^ Y^X]^VgV bdaid hdYY^h[Viid#

;DGB6O>DC: : A67DG6IDG>

AV egdedhiV [dgbVi^kV g^kdaiV V\a^ deZgVidg^ YZa h^hiZbV h^ Vgi^XdaVid! XdbZ cZa eVhhVid! cZa eZgXdghd WVhZ g^kdaid V\a^ DAE! ZY ^c Vii^kî| Y^ V\\^dgcVbZcid g^kdai^ V^ gZ[ZgZci^ YZaaV egd\ZiiVo^dcZ! YVa bdcîdgV\\^d Z YZaaV [dgbVo^dcZ# Xdc ^cXdcig^ heZX^ÒX^# >c eVgi^XdaVgZ aÉ^cXdcigd Æ6YZ" g^gZ hZcoV g^hZgkV# IgV gZhedchVWâî| Z iZbe^ Y^ kîV Æg^kdaid V\a^ DAE ]V V[[gdciVid iZb^ Xdc â Xdcig^Wjid Y^ BVg^d Edaad Z 6cYgZV HViiV# >a eg^bd! eZYV\d\^hiV Z egZh^YZciZ YZa Xdghd Y^ aVjgZV ^c HX^ZcoZ Z iZXc^X]Z eh^" Xdad\^X]Z YZaaV AjbhV"A^WZgV Jc^kZghî| BVg^V HVci^hh^bV 6hhjciV Y^ GdbV! ]V Zk^YZco^Vid â gjdad YZaaV XjaijgV cZa YVg [dgbV Va XdbedgiV" bZcid YZaaZ eZghdcZ Z YZ^ \^dkVc^ ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ# 6cYgZV HViiV XVciVciZ YZ^ I iZh YZ 7d^h! [dgbVo^dcZ idg^cZhZ! XVgViiZgôoViV YVa [dgiZ ^beZ\cd X^kâZ YZaaZ hjZ Xdbedhô^dc^! ]V hdiida^cZVid aÉ^bedgiVcoV Y^ hbdgoVgZ aV Æad\^XV Y^ XdcYdb^c^dÇ X]Z heZhhd iZcYZ V egZkVaZgZ hj fjZaaV Y^ Xdbjcî| egdkdXVcYd dcYViZ Y^ Z\d^hbd VXXZcijVid# AÉVgi^hiV ]V Zcij" h^VhbVid ^ egZhZci^ XVciVcYd Z eVgaVcYd YZaaV cZXZhhî| Y^ Xdai^kVgZ aV Xjg^dhî| kZghd \a^ Vaig^! kZghd aZ eZXja^Vgî|! aZ Y^[[ZgZcoZ! aV XjaijgV# AZ Vii^kî| Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ g^kdaiZ V\a^ deZgVidg^ YZa HZgkô^d X^kâZ ]Vccd g^\jVgYVid ^cdaigZ aZ Vii^kî| Y^ VXXgZYîVbZcid! egd\ZiiVo^dcZ Z bdc^" idgV\\^d# >c eVgi^XdaVgZ aV [dgbVo^dcZ Va bdcîdgV\\^d ]V egZk^hid jcV hZg^Z Y^ ^cXdcig^ YZY^XVi^ Vaad hkda\^bZcid Æhja XVbedÇ YZaaZ Vii^kî| Y^ kVajiVo^dcZ ^c î^cZgZ YZ^ egd\Zii^#

;DGB6O>DC: : A67DG6IDG>

I laboratori sono dedicati a chi, parallelamente al progetto di Servizio Civile, sceglie di svegliare un proprio progetto parcheggiato nel suo intimo, tra i sogni. Mettersi in gioco può trasformarsi, con ironia e tenerezza, in scoperta di doti e talenti nascosti, per lo più inaspettati. Signiﬁca entrare in contatto con un coraggio non ancora messo alla prova. Vuol dire abbandonarsi con ﬁducia e leggerezza, anche nell’accettazione dei propri limiti, per scoprire l’arte di stare insieme e la forza innovativa del gruppo.

> A67DG6IDG> 8dhiVciZ! igV aZ Vii^kî| YZaaÉJ[ÒX^d HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! aV egd\ZiiVo^dcZ Z Vii^kVo^dcZ Y^ aVWdgVidg^ X]Z! hdiid aV \j^YV Y^ ZheZgi^! XdchZcidcd V^ \^dkVc^ Y^ heZg^bZciVgZ! XdcdhXZgZ! g^ÓZiiZgZ ZY ZaVWdgVgZ Xdc bdYVaî| cdc fjdi^Y^VcZ# EZg Xdck^cXZgZ ^ \^dkVc^ V hXZ\a^ZgZ XdbedgiVbZci^ Zi^X^ Z g^heZiidh^ YZaaÉjbVcî|! ^c[Vii^ cdc WVhiVcd aZ eVgdaZ! hZgkZ XdZgZcoV Z Y^hedc^W^" aî|# HZgkZ ViiZco^dcZ Z VeZgijgV VaaÉVaigd! ^c jcV gZaVo^dcZ Y^ gZXêgdXî| cZaaV fjVaZ! X]^ egZcYZ Z X]^ Y|! XdbjcfjZ h^ Vgg^XX]^hXZ# FjZhid \gVi^" ÒXV Z g^Zbe^Z aÉVc^bd! Y| hZchd Z XgZV jc X^gXdad k^gijdhd Y^ XgZhXîV Z Y^ VeegZcY^bZci^# >a HZgkô^d 8^kâZ jcd higjbZcid Xdc higVdgY^cVg^Z ediZco^Vaî| eZg ZYj" XVgZ ^ \^dkVc^! Z Xdc adgd Z ViigVkZghd adgd jcV Xdch^hiZciZ fjdiV Y^ Xdbjcî|! V k^kZgZ XdcXgZiVbZciZ aV hda^YVg^Zi|! VY VYdiiVgZ egVi^XV" bZciZ hiâ^ Y^ kîV gZhedchVWâ^ Z XVeVX^ Y^ Xdai^kVgZ aV eVXZ ZY â g^heZiid eZg aÉVaigd#

I:6IGD >a aVWdgVidg^d iZVigVaZ! \j^YVid YV :bâ^d ;gVii^c^! ]V XdchZciîd aV Xd" cdhXZcoV YZaaV egdeg^V ZhegZhh^kî| Z YZaaV gZaVo^dcZ Xdc \a^ Vaig^# =V Xd^ckdaid ^ \^dkVc^ cZa YZh^YZg^d Y^ ediZgh^ Zheg^bZgZ a^WZgVbZciZ hZcoV VaXjc \^jYô^d# =V eZgbZhhd adgd Y^ Xdbjc^XVgZ ZY ZcigVgZ ^c XdciViid Xdc h Z Xdc \a^ Vaig^! Y^ [Vg eVgiZ Y^ jc \gjeed hZcoV eZgYZgZ aV egdeg^V ^YZciî|! Y^ bdhigVgh^ XdbZ cdc X^ h^ bdhigV ^c Vaig^ XdciZhi^! Y^ VhXdaiVgZ aZ Zbdo^dc^ egdeg^Z Z YZaaÉVaigd#

;DID<G6;>6 >a aVWdgVidg^d [did\gVÒXd! hdiid aV \j^YV Y^ AZVcYgd HVW^c EVo! ]V edgiVid ^ \^dkVc^ VaaV XdbegZch^dcZ YZa a^c\jV\\^d YZaaÉ^bbV\^cZ! VaaÉdhhZgkV" o^dcZ YZ^ \^dX]^ Y^ ajXZ Z Y^ dbWgZ Z Vaad hkâjeed Y^ fjZaaZ ediZc" o^Vaî| cVhXdhiZ Z Æjc^X]ZÇ cZaaÉdhhZgkVgZ Z ÆXViijgVgZÇ jcd hXViid# AV Xdhigjo^dcZ gV\^dcViV YZaaÉ^bbV\^cZ ]V XdchZciîd aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ! igV aZ VaigZ! YZaaZ [did YZa egZhZciZ VccjVg^d# “Il tempo è volato e le lezioni teoriche non sono state troppo complesse nemmeno per me, fotografo alle prime armi…” “Mi è piaciuto il mix tra teoria e pratica. E’ stata un’ottima opportunità per mettere in campo un po’ della nostra creatività.” “Eravamo un bel gruppo. Interessante l’approfondimento sul ritratto e avere come obiettivo il ritrarre i nostri compagni di Servizio Civile (vedi le foto!)” “Il bilancio è positivo. Anzi, proporrei di proseguire con tanta pratica, dal ritratto al paesaggio”

(G " G>9J8>G>8>8A6G>JH6

>a aVWdgVidg^d XgZVi^kd YZcdb^cVid aZ (G! ViigVkZghd aZ ^cY^XVo^dc^ ÆG^" YjX^ G^X^XaV G^jhVÇ! egdedcZ bdYVaî| Y^ gZh^hiZcoV Va fjdi^Y^Vcd kdgi^XZ YZa ÆXdbegV"jhV"\ZiiVÇ# 8dcYdiid YV GZcViV BVg^dii^ â aVWdgVidg^d ]V igVh[dgbVid d\\Zii^ gîZcji^ ^cjiâôoVWâ^ YVcYd adgd cjdkV kîV Xdc XgZV" i^kî| Z Y^kZgi^bZcid# “Vedere in un oggetto destinato alla discarica qualcosa di bello o di utile è stata una sfida. Scoprire di poter trasformare è stato divertente ma mi ha insegnato a immaginare per gli oggetti da gettare nuove vite.” “Mettere insieme fantasia e la voglia di ridurre lo spreco è stato gratificante. Ancor di più scoprire che le mie mani sono capaci di creare.”

;DGB6O>DC: : A67DG6IDG>

EG:H:CI6O>DC: 9> Hw Jc WgZkZ eZgXdghd [dgbVi^kd hjaaV egZhZciVo^dcZ Y^ h ! VcX]Z ^c dXXV" h^dcZ Y^ Xdaadfj^ Y^ aVkdgd! ]V [Vkdgîd! hdiid aV \j^YV Y^ >hVWZaaV 7Zgi^cd! aÉdhhZgkVo^dcZ YZaaZ egdeg^Z bdYVaî| Y^ egdedgh^ V\a^ Vaig^! aV edhijgV ZY ^ bZhhV\\^ cdc kZgWVa^ igVhbZhh^# :É hiViV dXXVh^dcZ eZg VXfj^h^gZ bV\" \^dg XdchVeZkdaZooV Y^ h Z eZg g^bdYjaVgZ aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ eZghdcVaZ ^c bdYd XdZgZciZ V\a^ dW^Zii^k^ egZÒhhVi^# “Mi è servito molto, non solo per gestire meglio i futuri colloqui di lavoro, ma anche per la mia crescita personale. (D.)” “Mi è parsa una proposta bizzarra, all’inizio. Poi ho apprezzato i consigli pratici che l’esperienza e la generosità di Isabella ci hanno dato. A distanza di tempo riaffiorano ancora. (A.)” “Mi è piaciuto il modo in cui è stato proposto: interattivo e ricco di suggerimenti personali. Ringrazio Isabella per la generosità e la passione impiegata. (S.)”

6JID7>D<G6;>6 AjYdk^XV 9Vc^Za^ ]V VXXdbeV\cVid jc XdciZcjid cjbZgd Y^ \^dkVc^ cZaaÉZhegZhh^dcZ VjidW^d\gVÒXV# AÉdXXVh^dcZ Y^ gâZ\\ZgZ aV egdeg^V ZheZ" g^ZcoV Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ XdaadXVcYdaV cZa eVig^bdc^d YZa egdeg^d eZgXdghd ^cY^k^YjVaZ Y^ XgZhXîV ]V [Vkdgîd aV k^h^dcZ YÉ^ch^ZbZ Y^ h Z aV kVad" gôoVo^dcZ YZa egdeg^d eZgXdghd Zh^hiZco^VaZ# JcV hXdeZgiV ^cVheZiiViV Z \gVi^ÒXVciZ X]Z ^ egdiV\dc^hi^ kd\a^dcd XdcY^k^YZgZ Xdc aV Xdbjcî|# “Ho sempre pensato al mio presente e, a volte, con preoccupazione al futuro. Non mi ero accorta di avere un passato così ricco.” “Non ho mai pensato che la mia vita valesse la pena di essere raccontata. Ma mi piace farlo, senza timore”

:H#H:G#8># C:A BDC9D Jc kZgd Z egdeg^d Xdghd Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ \Zhiîd YVa 8Zcigd Y^ ;dgbVo^dcZ VaaV Hda^YVg^Zi| >ciZgcVo^dcVaZ Y^ IgZcid! Æ:hhZgX^ cZa BdcYdÇ ]V kVad" gôoVid \a^ ^ciZgZhh^ Z aZ Y^hedc^Wâî| YZ^ \^dkVc^ eZg ^ iZb^ YZaaV ÆcjdkV XddeZgVo^dcZÇ# “concepire i rapporti fra gli esseri umani e fra i popoli come qualcosa che va al di là delle barriere nazionali. In questo senso siamo responsabili non solo di ciò che accade entro i confini del nostro Paese, ma in ogni parte del mondo” “tessere rapporti profondi con un altrove. Questa relazione offre la possibilità di leggersi da una prospettiva insolita e così di crescere assieme all’altra comunità” “rispettare le differenze e capire le necessità impellenti di un popolo bisognoso di solidarietà. Non tutti i popoli hanno bisogno dell’sms di donazione” “espandere fuori dai nostri confini il concetto di aiuto, che può esser espresso in molte maniere: economico, politico, ma anche semplicemente aiuto come strumento attivo per rendere migliori le condizioni di vita delle persone” “lo straniero è molto vicino a noi e la solidarietà internazionale può veramente essere messa in atto ogni giorno!”

> CJB:G> 9:A H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: >C EGDK>C8>6

:CI>

CZa Xdghd YZa '%%.! XdciZbedgVcZVbZciZ VaaZ egdXZYjgZ Y^ ^hXgô^dcZ VaaÉ6aWd! hdcd hiViZ Vii^kViZ hj ^cY^XVo^dcZ YZaaÉJ[ÒX^d CVo^dcVaZ! aZ Vii^kî| Y^ VYZ\jVbZcid eZg ijii^ \a^ Zci^ \^| ^hXgîi^# IVaZ VYZ\jVbZcid ]V egZk^hid aV YZÒcô^dcZ YZ^ hZiidg^ Y^ ^ciZgkZcid ^c Xj^ \a^ Zci^ edigVccd egZhZciVgZ egd\Zii^ Z aÉVYZ\jViZooV YZaaZ hZY^ VaaZ cdgbZ hjaaV h^XjgZooV# Jc g^dgY^cd XdbeaZhh^kd YZ\a^ Zci^ ^hXgîi^ X]Z ]V XdchZciîd ^cdaigZ aV kZg^ÒXV YZa eZgbVcZgZ YZ^ gZfj^hî^ cZXZhhVg^ eZg aÉ^hXgô^dcZ VaaÉVaWd! YZaaÉ^ciZco^dcZ V bVciZcZgZ \a^ ^beZ\c^ Vhhjci^ Z YZaaÉ^ciZgZhhZ VY ZhhZgZ XdbedcZciZ Vii^kV YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ# 6 hZ\jîd Y^ iVaZ Vii^kî| , Zci^ hdcd hiVi^ XVcXZaaVi^# AÉ6aWd Egdk^cX^VaZ YZ\a^ Zci^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ gVXXd\a^Z d\\^! XdbeaZhh^kVbZciZ &(. Zci^ Y^ Xj^ (( Y^ gâZkVcoV cVo^dcVaZ '(!, ! dkkZgd Xdc hZY^ deZgVi^kZ Y^hadXViZ hj e^ Y^ fjViigd gZ\^dc^! Z &%+ Y^ gâZkVcoV egdk^cX^VaZ ,+!( #

AV cVijgV \^jg^Y^XV YZ\a^ Zci^ egZkVaZciZbZciZ eg^kViV +&!( VcX]Z hZ Xdch^YZgZkdaZ Z ^c XgZhXîV aV XdbeV\^cZ YZ\a^ Zci^ ejWWa^X^ (-!, # >c eVgi^XdaVgZ h^ gZ\^higVcd &, 8dbjc^! . Y^ 6o^ZcYZ ejWWa^X]Z eZg ^ hZgkô^ VaaZ eZghdcV! , hXjdaZ ZY jc^kZghî|! ( BjhZ^ Z jc :ciZ EVgXd

> CJB:G> 9:A H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: >C EGDK>C8>6

9>HIG>7JO>DC: E:G 6B7>ID

>c [VhZ Y^ VYZ\jVbZcid hiViV egZk^hiV aÉ^cY^XVo^dcZ YZ^ hZiidg^ YÉ^ciZgkZcid cZ^ fjVa^ X^VhXjc ZciZ ^ciZgZhhVid VY Vii^kVgZ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ# Bdai^ Zci^ ^c[Vii^ ^ciZcYdcd hkâjeeVgZ egd\Zii^ ^c VbWî^ Y^kZgh^# :bZg\Z X]Z aÉVbWîd e^ [gZfjZciZbZciZ ^cY^XVid XdbZ edhh^WâZ VgZV Y^ gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZa egd\Ziid fjZaad YZaaÉZYjXVo^dcZ Z YZaaV egdbdo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ! hZ\jîd YVaaÉVhh^hiZcoV X]Z h^ Xdc[ZgbV XdbjcfjZ jc hZiidgZ X]Z gVXXd\a^Z bdaiZea^X^ hZch^Wâî|# 9ZX^hVbZciZ e^ XdciZcjiV bV XdbjcfjZ h^\c^ÒXVi^kV aÉ^cY^XVo^dcZ YZ\a^ Vaig^ hZiidg^#

EVgZ ^ciZgZhhVciZ Zk^YZco^VgZ ijiiVk^V! X]Z \a^ Zci^ Y^ gâZkVcoV cVo^dcVaZ hdcd bV\\^dgbZciZ egdeZch^ VY ^cY^XVgZ jcV eajgVaî| Y^ hZiidg^ Y^ ^ciZgkZcid V Y^[[ZgZcoV YZ\a^ Zci^ Y^ gâZkVcoV egdk^cX^VaZ X]Z h^ XVgViiZgôoVcd eZg jcV bV\\^dgZ heZX^ÒXî|# :[[Ziid Y^ iVaZ XVgViiZg^hi^XV aV Xdch^hiZcoV eZgXZcijVaZ Y^ Zci^ X]Z h^ Y^X]^VgVcd Y^hedc^Wâ^ V gZVaôoVgZ egd\Zii^ VaaÉZhiZgd! X]Z igV \a^ Zci^ Y^ gâZkVcoV egdk^cX^VaZ ZhigZbVbZciZ XdciZcjiV#

EGD<:II>

CZa '%%. hdcd hiVi^ ,* ^ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ CVo^dcVaZ V WVcYd ^c egdk^cX^V Y^ IgZcid# 9^ fjZhi^ +. hdcd hiVi^ egdedhi^ YV Zci^ egdk^cX^Va^ Z + YV Zci^ cVo^dcVa^# > egd\Zii^ V WVcYd hdcd hiVi^ egdedhi^ YV ** Zci^ egdk^cX^Va^ Z YV * Zci^ Y^ gâZkVcoV cVo^dcVaZ#

> CJB:G> 9:A H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: >C EGDK>C8>6

EGD<:II>

8dbeaZhh^kVbZciZ ZgV X]^Zhid ^a Xd^ckda\^bZcid Y^ ''- \^dkVc^! Y^ Xj^ '%( egZhhd Zci^ egd" k^cX^Va^ Z '* ^c Zci^ cVo^dcVa^#

9Z^ egd\Zii^ egdk^cX^Va^ cZ hdcd hiVi^ Vii^kVi^ +) eZgX] * egd\Zii^ cdc ]Vccd igdkVid VYZ" h^dc^ igV ^ \^dkVc^# IVa^ egd\Zii^! ejg bZgîZkda^ Y^ kVajiVo^dcZ edhî^kV hdcd hiVi^ eZcVaôoVi^ YVaaV XdaadXVo^dcZ eZg^[Zg^XV YZaaV hZYZ Y^ ViijVo^dcZ Z YVaaV Y^[ÒXdai| Y^ XdaaZ\VbZcid# > \^dkVc^ Xd^ckdai^ deZgVi^kVbZciZ hdcd hiVi^ '&%/ &.& cZ^ egd\Zii^ Y^ Zci^ egdk^cX^Va^ Z '% \^dkVc^ ^c fjZaa^ cVo^dcVa^# Ed^X] aZ g^hdghZ ÒcVco^Vg^Z gZhZ Y^hedc^Wâ^ YVaad HiVid cdc XdchZci^kVcd aÉVii^kVo^dcZ Y^ ijii^ ^ egd\Zii^ kVajiVi^ edhî^kVbZciZ! aÉVbb^c^higVo^dcZ egdk^cX^VaZ ]V ^ciZ\gVid â ÒcVco^VbZcid eZgbZiiZcYd aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ WZc )* egd\Zii^ ,* YZ^ egd\Zii^ V WVcYd #

> CJB:G> 9:A H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: >C EGDK>C8>6

> egd\Zii^ gZVa^ooVi^ hja iZgg^idg^d egdk^cX^VaZ cZa '%%.$'%&% ]Vccd ^ciZgZhhVid fjViigd YZ^ hZiidg^ ^cY^k^YjVi^ YVaaV aZ\\Z! VY ZhXajh^dcZ YZaaZ egdedhiZ VaaÉZhiZgd! Xdc aV hZ\jZciZ Y^" hig^Wjo^dcZ eZgXZcijVaZ#

<>DK6C>

&.& hdcd ^ \^dkVc^ X]Z ]Vccd eVgiZXêVid V^ egd\Zii^# 8dhiVciZ gZhiV aV egZkVaZcoV [Zbb^" câZ cZaaV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ cdcdhiVciZ k^ Zk^YZco^ jcV aZciV! bV egd\gZhh^kV VYZh^dcZ YZ^ bVhX]^# > \^dkVc^ bVhX]^ hiVccd g^hXdegZcYd â kVadgZ Y^ YZY^XVgZ jc Vccd V h Z V\a^ Vaig^ ^c ijii^ ^ hZiidg^ deZgVi^k^ d[[Zgi^#

AV h^\c^ÒXVi^kV egZhZcoV Y^ \^dkVc^ egdkZc^Zci^ YV VaigZ gZ\^dc^ [VkdgîV YVaaÉVbe^V d[[ZgiV YZaaÉViZcZd igZci^cd# H^ igViiV eZg ad e^ Y^ \^dkVc^ jc^kZghîVg^ X]Z b^gVcd V Xdc^j\VgZ â eZg" Xdghd [dgbVi^kd Xdc aÉ^beZ\cd hda^YVaZ X]Z igV aÉVaigd XdchZciZ jcV e^ Z[ÒXVXZ ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ hja iZggîdg^d#

> CJB:G> 9:A H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: >C EGDK>C8>6

:I¿

I>IDAD Y^ HIJ9>D

AV Y^hig^Wjo^dcZ eZg [VhXZ YÉZi| YZ^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ gêVgiîV ^c bdYd VWWVhiVcoV Zfjâ^WgVid# IVaZ Vgi^XdaVo^dcZ Zk^YZco^V aV Y^kZghî| Y^ VeegdXX^d Z Y^ bdi^kVo^dcZ cZaaÉVXXZh" hd VaaÉZheZg^ZcoV/ ^ e^ \^dkVc^ ^c[Vii^! VYZg^hXdcd V^ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ eZg hXZ\a^ZgZ d heZg^bZciVgZ VbWî^ Y^ [jijgd ^beZ\cd VcX]Z egd[Zhh^dcVaZ# > egdiV\dc^hi^ Xdc fjVaX]Z Vccd ^c e^ hdcd egZkVaZciZbZciZ hijYZci^ jc^kZghîVg^ X]Z Xdc^j\Vcd aÉ^beZ\cd Y^ hijY^d Z Y^ VXfj^hô^dcZ Y^ XdcdhXZcoZ Xdc aV [dgbVo^dcZ hja XVbed Z aV bVijgVo^dcZ Y^ XdbeZiZcoZ eZghdcVa^ Z egd[Zhh^dcVa^# > e^ ÆVco^Vc^Ç kZYdcd cZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ aÉdeedgijcî| Y^ ediZc" o^VgZ aV egdeg^V Vjidcdb^V ZY â egdeg^d egdÒad eZg jc edhî^kd ^chZg^bZcid cZaaV Xdbjcî| Z cZa bdcYd YZa aVkdgd#

DhhZgkVo^dcZ eVgi^XdaVgZ bZgîV aV fjdiV Y^ \^dkVc^ ^c edhhZhhd YZa iîdad YZaaV hXjdaV YZa" aÉdWWa^\d . # AV adgd egZhZcoV VegZ jcV g^ÓZhh^dcZ hjaaÉdeedgijcî| YZa HZgkô^d X^kâZ Y^ bZiiZgh^ ^c \^dXd eZg gVeegZhZciVgZ jcV kZgV VaiZgcVi^kV eZg ^ \^dkVc^ X]Z [jdg^jhXZcYd egZXdXZbZciZ YV^ eZgXdgh^ hXdaVhi^X^ h^ igdkVcd ^c jcV hîjVo^dcZ Y^ bV\\^dg YZWdaZooV hdX^VaZ Z aVkdgVi^kV

EGD<:II> 9> :H#H:G#8>#

CZa '%%. '%&% â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Egdk^cX^VaZ ]V Xdci^cjVid hjaaV higVYV! ^cigVegZhV ^c k^V heZg^bZciVaZ! Y^ egZhZciVo^dcZ YZ^ egd\Zii^ eZghdcVaôoVi^ YZcdb^cVi^ Æ+ bZh^ ^c e^ eZg :H#H:G#8>#Ç! [dgbjaV ^ccdkVi^kV X]Z XdchZciZ V^ \^dkVc^ X]Z ]Vccd \^|

Egd\Zii^ + bZh^ '%%. & ZY^o^dcZ

8D<CDB:

CDB:

I>IDAD EGD<:IID

:CI: H:GK>O>D 8>K>A:

>hZee^

KVaZci^cV

Jc EdciZ igV aZ 8jaijgZ

7ZgcVgY^

B# 6cidc^ZiiV

E^[[Zg

6g^VccV

A^hhVcYg^c^

:aZcV

EVhfjVa^

B^X]ZaZ

Æ +! YV^Ç

K^aaV hi# >\cVo^d d#c#a#j#h#

EZgZcodc^

9Vc^ZaZ

EZgXdgh^ KZghd aÉ6jidcdb^V

K^aaV hi# >\cVo^d d#c#a#j#h#

H^\]Za

AdgZcod

CdiZ EgdWaZbVi^X]Z

7Zaadiid

BVgi^cV

Egd\ZiiVgZ! <Zhi^gZ Z GZcYZgZ ;gj^W^aZ V Ijii^ ^ EjWWa^X^! jc :kZcid :hedh^i^kd Y^ 6giZ 8dciZbedgVcZV

B6GI

7dgidajoo^

:aZcV

8dchZgkVo^dcZ Z 7^dY^kZgh^i| KZ\ZiVaZ Y^ 6aXjcZ HeZX^Z :cYZb^X]Z IgZci^cZ

BjhZd Ig^YZci^cd HX^ZcoZ CVijgVa^

7dad\cZh^

BVYYVaZcV

9^kZgh^i| KZ\ZiVaZ/ aV 8dchZgkVo^dcZ Y^ 6aXjcZ HeZX^Z :cYZb^X]Z IgZci^cZ

BjhZd Ig^YZci^cd HX^ZcoZ CVijgVa^

7ZgcVgY^

BVhh^bd

8ViVad\Vo^dcZ Z KVadg^ooVo^dcZ YZa EVig^" bdc^d CVijgV^hi^Xd YZa BjhZd Ig^YZci^cd Y^ HX^ZcoZ CVijgVa^

BjhZd Ig^YZci^cd HX^ZcoZ CVijgVa^

7djkZi

:aZdcdgV

BdYZaaVgZ aÉ6g\^aaV ^c IgZci^cd ,*%% 6cc^ ;V/ 6cVa^h^ 6gX]ZdbZig^X]Z Z HeZg^bZciVa^

6I6H

AV G^Yjo^dcZ YZ^ G^Òji^ cZaaV <gVcY 9^hig^" Wjo^dcZZ aV 8VbeV\cV >c[dgbVi^kV G^kda" iV V^ 8^iiVY^c^ VaaÉ>ciZgcd YZ^ HjeZgbZgXVi^

8dbjcZ Y^ IgZcid

HeZg^bZciVo^dcZ Z 9dXjbZciVo^dcZ Y^ <^dX]^ Z 6giZ

8dbjcZ Y^ IgZcid

KZghd jcV X^ii| V B^hjgV Y^ 7VbW^c^/ 6cVa^h^ YZa 8dciZhid

8dbjcZ Y^ IgZcid

6hhdX^Vo^dcZ EgdY^\^d

Jc^kZgh^i| Y^ IgZcid

EGD<:II> 9> :H#H:G#8>#

[Viid &' bZh^ Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ Y^ egZhZciVgZ Z gZVaôoVgZ ^cô^Vi^kZ ÆeZg" hdcVaôoViZÇ# >c eVgi^XdaVgZ V Æ+ bZh^ ^c e^ eZg :H#H:G#8>#Ç ]Vccd VYZgîd '+ \^dkVc^#

8D<CDB:

Egd\Zii^ + bZh^ '%%. ' ZY^o^dcZ

Egd\Zii^ + bZh^ '%%. ( ZY^o^dcZ

Egd\Zii^ + bZh^ '%%. E#6#I#

CDB:

I>IDAD EGD<:IID 8dbjc^XVgZ aV 8ddeZgVo^dcZ

:CI: H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: <IK d#c#a#j#h#

;ZggV^

AjX^V

OdaaZg OVYgV

:a^hV K^cXZci

B^X]Za^

H^ak^V

<VheZgZii^

KZgdc^XV

8ViVad\Vo^dcZ Z HijY^d YZ\a^ :mh^XXViV Hidg^X^ 8dchZgkVi^ cZ\a^ :gWVg^ YZa BjhZd Ig^YZci^cd Y^ HX^ZcoZ CVijgVa^ Z 6gg^XX]^" bZcid YZa EVig^bdc^d 7diVc^Xd >ch^ZbZ eZg 9^kZciVgZ <gVcY^

HZ\V

6\cZhZ

:h#HZg#8^#/ AV GZiZ 8dci^cjV

7dgidadii^

<^ja^V

7ZiiV

A^ccZi

6YdiiV jc 7ZcZ 8jaijgVaZ/ :Y^o^dcZ eZg aZ HXjdaZ YZaaV 8^ii| Y^ IgZcid

Hdeg^ciZcYZcoV eZg ^ 7Zc^ Hidg^Xd"6gi^hi^X^#

8dhiVcod

;gVcXZhXV

7Zc^ 8jaijgVa^/ 9^[[jh^dcZ Z EVgiZX^eVo^dcZ

Hdeg^ciZcYZcoV eZg ^ 7Zc^ Hidg^Xd"6gi^hi^X^#

BZga^

A^V

8Vidc^

9Vc^ZaZ

BVg^cd

<^jhZeeZ

KZXX]^

BVg\]Zg^iV

8VgWdcZ

K^cXZcoV

>ciZgX^in GVbWaZgh +

AV 8daaZo^dcZ YZa 8VhiZaad YZa 7jdcXdch^\a^d/

8Zch^bZcid Z G^dgY^cd Y^ HiVbeZ Z 9^e^ci^

8VhiZa I]jc/ GZhiîj^gZ jc 7ZcZ VaaV 8daaZii^kî| EVgiZXêVgZ VaaV Egd\ZiiVo^dcZ Z VaaV GZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ jcV K^YZdiZXV hjaaV 8îiVY^cVcoV 6ii^kV 6[ÒYVbZcid ;Vbâ^VgZ/ ÆEgZcYZgh^ 8jgV Xdc 6bdgZÇ

J7< d#c#a#j#h# BjhZd Ig^YZci^cd HX^ZcoZ CVjijgVa^ <H= d#c#a#j#h# J[ÒX^d HZgk^o^d 8^k^aZ 8VhiZaad YZa 7jdcXdch^\a^d/ BdcjbZci^ Z 8daaZo^dc^ Egdk^cX^Va^

8VhiZaad YZa 7jdcXdch^\a^d/ BdcjbZci^ Z 8daaZo^dc^ Egdk^cX^Va^ J[ÒX^d HZgkô^d 8^kâZ HZgkô^d Edaî^X]Z HdX^Va^ ZY 6WîVi^kZ

:YjXVgZ VaaÉ6XXd\a^ZcoV/ >cXdcigd IgV <ZcZgVo^dc^

Egd\Ziid 8ddgY^cVbZcid Edaî^X]Z ;Vbâ^Vg^ Z Y^ HdhiZ\cd VaaV CViVaî|

8dcX^a^Vo^dcZ YZ^ IZbe^/ ^a HVakV\ZciZ YZaaV ;Vb^\a^V

Egd\Ziid 8ddgY^cVbZcid Edaî^X]Z ;Vbâ^Vg^ Z Y^ HdhiZ\cd VaaV CViVaî|

((

EGD<:II> 9> :H#H:G#8>

CZaaÉZhiViZ '%%. h^ Vkk^ViV aV hZXdcYV a^cZV deZgVi^kV YZa hZgkô^d 8^kâZ Egdk^cX^VaZ dkkZgd fjZaaV YZ^ 'bZh^ eZg :H#H:G#8> X]Z ^ciZcYZ Xd^ckda\Z Z ^cigdYjggZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ XdchZciZcYd aV heZg^bZciVo^d" cZ YZaaÉ^beZ\cd YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ V^ XîiVY^c^ îVa^Vc^ Xdc Zi| XdbegZhV &-$'& Z V^ XîiVY^c^ higVc^Zg^ Xdc XîiVY^cVcoV îVa^VcV Z ^c gZ\daV Xdc â eZgbZhhd Y^ hd\\^dgcd#

Egd\Zii^ ' bZh^ '%%. & ZY^o^dcZ

()

8D<CDB:

CDB:

I>IDAD EGD<:IID

:CI: H:GK>O>D 8>K>A:

GZch^ 9ZXVga^

6cYgZV KVaZg^V

;ZaaZg 6aÒZg^

BVhh^b^a^Vcd 8aVjY^V

7VbW^c^ 8îiVY^c^ Y^ d\\^/ Vc^bVo^dcZ Zhi^kV Z Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ Xdc aZ edaî^X]Z \^dkVcâ^

8dbjcZ Y^ IgZcid

6akVgZo 7d]dgfjZo 8VbeZhig^c^

?Zhjh 6cidc^d Bdc^XV

<^dkVc^ XgZVi^k^ eZg Xdbjc^XVgZ aV Xîi| V^ \^dkVc^/ hîd Z cZlhaZiiZg IgZcid\^dkV" c^#î Z YdXjbZciVo^dcZ

8dbjcZ Y^ IgZcid

8gZhXZgZ ^ch^ZbZ ^c 7da\]ZgV m' bZh^

6hh# dgVidg^d Y^ hi 6cidc^d

6hijY^aad BVgVWda^ AdgZco^c^

9Znh^ EVig^X^V

<VheZgVi

9^Z\d

BVaVii^V BZciVaZ# Hi^\bV Z egZ\^jY^o^d4 Cd \gVo^Z

6o^ZcYV Egdk^cX^VaZ eZg ^ HZgk^o^ HVc^iVg^

7gZhVYdaV

6ccV

Ad hedgi ZÉ hVajiZ bZciVaZ Z Òh^XV ;VXX^Vbdad ^ch^ZbZ

6o^ZcYV Egdk^cX^VaZ eZg ^ HZgk^o^ HVc^iVg^

EVg^h ;gVcXZhX]^c^ 9ÉVhXVc^d

;gVcXZhXV C^XdaZ ;gVcXZhXd

:h#HZg#8^#/ \^dkVc^ ^c gZiZ

Egdk^cX^V 6jidcdbV Y^ IgZcid

CdcZh 8Vaa^Vg^

BVYYVaZcV 8]^VgV

6Ydo^dcZ Z V[ÒYd/hXZaiZ hda^YVa^

Egdk^cX^V 6jidcdbV Y^ IgZcid

7^VcX]^c^ HXdo

H^ak^V HdgVnV

8gZVi^k^iÀ eZg Vc^bVgZ Z Xdbjc^XVgZ

IZco^c 7g^Y^

@]VcYd 7ZVig^XZ

8dcdhXZgZ aV XddeZgVo^dcZ " <IK XdbZ higjbZcid Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ VaaV XjaijgV YZaaV hda^YVg^Zi|

<gjeed IgZci^cd Y^ KdadciVg^Vid " dcajh

OdiV_

DcZ^YV

6I6HC:I/ ^a bdcYd YZaaÉ^bb^\gVo^dcZ ^c gZiZ m' bZh^

6hhdX^Vo^dcZ IgZci^cV 6XXd\a^ZcoV HigVc^Zg^ Æ6I6HÇ

E^X]aZg OVcdi

C^XdaZ K^k^VcV

8dc ^a XjdgZ! Xdc ^ hZch^ Z Xdc aV bZciZ m 'bZh^

6hhdX^Vo^dcZ KVaaZ 6eZgiV

6\dhi^c^ AdgVcY^ ;d\daVg^

9Vk^chdc 9^Z\d 8]^VgV <^ja^V

K^iidg^V

BZiiZgh^ ^c \^dXd Va BVgi

HZgk^o^ ^c gZiZ

BjhZd 9ÉVgiZ BdYZgcV Z 8dciZbedgVcZV Y^ IgZcid Z

<gjeed DVh^ Y^ 8VY^cZ

8ddeZgVi^kV HdX^VaZ K^aaV BVg^V

EGD<:II> 9> :H#H:G#8>

> gV\Voo^ X]Z ]Vccd VYZgîd V fjZhiV deedgijcî| hdcd hiVi^ XdbeaZh" h^kVbZciZ )* Z \a^ Zci^ X]Z ]Vccd VXXdaid fjZhiV egdedhiV hdcd hiVi^ &-# AZ iZhi^bdc^VcoZ YZ^ gV\Voo^ X^ [Vccd gîZcZgZ fjZaaV ^cigVegZhV jcV higVYV YV egdhZ\j^gZ cZa iZbed#

Egd\Zii^ ' bZh^ '%&% ' ZY^o^dcZ

8D<CDB:

CDB:

8VhcV

8g^hi^cV

6co^Vc^ Z 7VYVci^# Jc gVeedgid YV ijiZaV" gZ " ' bZh^ eZg :hhZgX^

6cZh^ OVcdi

BVii^V K^k^VcV

HiVg WZcZ V XVhV Xdc hÀ Z Xdc \a^ Vaig^ m' bZh^

8]VkZo HVcidh 7ZVig^o BZYVa^i 6h\]Vg B# BVhhdY

' bZh^ eZg :H#H:G#8>#

I>IDAD EGD<:IID

B^\gV"6o^dcZ/ egdbjdkZgZ aÉ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ YZ\a^ higVc^Zg^

7gV]^b^ 7dh^d

6bZaV ;ZYZg^Xd

G>":H8D '

HXVgiZoo^c^ 9VaaVWdcV EZYgdii^

AVgV HZgZcV :aZcV

<^dkVc^ eZg jc iZVb XgZ6ii^kd/ Vc^bVo^dcZ Z hZch^W^a^ooVo^dcZ V b^hjgV Y^ WVbW^c5

9Z\VheZg^

AVjgV

> ijd^ eVhh^ kZghd aÉVaigd m'bZh^

8VhcV

;VW^d

EZg cdc eZgYZgZ aÉdXXVh^dcZ Y^ hVakVgZ jcV k^iV ^c YjZ bZh^

Ojaa^

E# ;gVcXZhXd

9Vee^Vcd B^X]ZaZ

9^kZgi^VbdX^ ^ch^ZbZ! XdaaZ\Vid Va egd\Ziid ÆAV [dgoV YZaaV Y^kZgh^i| Æ EV\^cZ YÉ6gi^hiV/ 6c^bVgZ Z 8gZVgZ 8daaZ\Vid Va egd\Ziid ÆHZ\c^ EVgi^XdaVg^/8gZ5Vi^kdÇ

:CI: H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: 6#9#6# 6EHE <^dkVcc^ :cYg^oo^ Y^ AVk^h 6I6H 6hhdX^Vo^dcZ JWVaYV 7Zii^c^ <^gZaaV

8dbjcZ Y^ IgZcid

8ddeZgVi^kV HdX^VaZ AV GZiZ 8gdXZ 7^VcXV IgZcid <#H#=# " dcajh <gjeed DVh^ Y^ 8VY^cZ

8dcdhXZgZ aV XddeZgVo^dcZ# <IK XdbZ higjbZcid Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ VaaV XjaijgV YZaaV hda^YVg^Zi| " >> :Y^o^dcZÆ

<gjeed IgZci^cd Y^ KdadciV" g^Vid d#c#a#j#h#

Ijii^ ;jdg^ ' bZh^

>a 7jXVcZkZ HdX# 8dde# HdX#

8dhade

6aVc

:XXa^

;gVcXZhXd

OVcc^

6aWZgid

:I### iZaZ[dcd XVhV/ Xdbjc^XVgZ Xdc ^a iZgg^id" g^d ' bZh^

AÉVcXdgV 8dde# Hda# HdX#

;^a^ee^ BdcVgd

9Vk^YZ HVgV

GZ\^higVgZ Z XdchZgkVgZ AÉVii^k^i| VgX]^k^hi^" XV Z Y^ gZhiVjgd XdbZ higjbZci^ Y^ hijY^d Z ijiZaV YZa eVig^bdc^d bjhZVaZ

B6GI

AZdc^

GdWZgiV

' bZh^ m :h#hZg#X^#/ :heZg^ZcoZ Y^ HZgk^o^d 8^k^aZ# <^dkVc^ ^c GZiZ

J;;>8>D H:GK>O>D 8>K>A:

EGD<:II> 9> :H#H:G#8>

Due mesi di Servizio Civile, nonostante sia un periodo breve, penso che possa essere utile sia per i volontari che per le associazioni o gli Enti che li ospitano. Penso che i volontari del Servizio Civile possano diventare una risorsa perché, anche se in uno spazio di solo due mesi, con il loro modo di essere e di agire hanno la possibilità di portare spunti nuovi ed energie in attività anche già consolidate. I due mesi sono un ottimo banco si prova per poi decidere di fare i 12 mesi oppure anche per capire meglio le opportunità che il Comune può offrire ai giovani. In questo periodo ho avuto la possibilità di sperimentare attività di diverso tipo e questo penso sia una delle cose importante dei due mesi. Ho trascorso il mese di luglio facendo animazione nel Centro Gioca Studiamo di Cristo Re, e il mese di agosto a Matterello con il progetto Sport nel Verde e nell’Ufficio Politiche Giovanili. Dal mio punto di vista, questo periodo mi ha permesso di fare nuove esperienze, farmi un’idea di come funzionino alcune attività e capire quali mi piacerebbe sperimentare più a fondo. Sono stata molto contente dell’esperienza perché mi ha messa in contatto con molte persone e ho compreso meglio alcune opportunità per il mio futuro. Facendo l’università di scienze dell’educazione mi piacerebbe, infatti, avere la possibilità di fare tirocinio qui a Trento. Devo dire, che questa mia decisione, è stata presa in gran parte vedendo l’ambiente di lavoro dell’Ufficio Politiche Giovanili come uno spazio accogliente e con persone sempre disponibili per qualsiasi informazione o problema. Ho avuto anche la possibilità di trascorrere questo periodo a contatto con altri volontari e anche questo credo sia stato importante perché mi ha permesso di avere ulteriori motivazioni e stimoli nel lavoro. Volevo ringraziare quindi il Comune e le persone che mi hanno aiutato per avermi permesso di fare questa esperienza che è stata per me una parentesi estiva decisamente rilevante per la mia formazione personale. (Claudio) Ho deciso di fare 2 mesi di Servizio Civile durante l’estate per il semplice motivo che non trovavo lavoro e quindi avevo pensato di fare qualcosa per ampliare il mio curriculum vitae, in più alcuni dei progetti proposti sembravano proprio interessanti, quindi perché non provare? E così ho fatto il colloquio e mi hanno presa!) Il mio impegno consisteva nell’ideare il sito web riguardante il Servizio Civile rivolto ai ragazzi (Es.Ser.Ci . - ESperienze di SERvizio Civile) e una volta realizzato gestirlo. Ho partecipato a questo progetto con altri due giovani, Nicole e Francesco, e ho avuto la possibilità di confrontare con loro le mie idee. Eravamo convinti che dalla dialettica delle proposte quella che piaceva all’intero gruppo sarebbe dovuta piacere anche ai ragazzi visitatori del nostro sito, no? Un aspetto molto positivo di questo impegno è stato l’ambiente amichevole: riesci a sentirti a tuo agio e i “superiori” valutano seriamente le tue idee. Nell’arco dei due mesi abbiamo avuto anche l’opportunità di andare a trovare i nostri colleghi del Servizio Civile che partecipano ad altri progetti in modo da conoscere esperienze diverse .I due mesi sono passati velocemente e il sito sarà portato avanti da altri giovani che iniziano ora la loro avventura. Faccio il tifo per loro e spero tanto che le nostre idee abbiano successo. E’ senz’altro stata un’esperienza insolita che mi ha fatto crescere e sono contenta di averla vissuta. ;gVcXZhXV Ho scoperto la possibilità di partecipare al Servizio Civile per due mesi soltanto per caso, leggendo il giornale. Così mi sono informato sui progetti disponibili e quello che mi interessava maggiormente consisteva nell’aggiornamento del sito di Es.Ser.Ci, un lavoro già iniziato dai ragazzi che avevano aderito al progetto annuale e al quale ho lavorato con Nicole e Francesca. Purtroppo, tra mille traversie e tempi dilatati a dismisura, non sono riuscito a vedere il risultato dei nostri sforzi e in particolare il foro, sul quale avevamo discusso più a lungo per cercare di avanzare proposte alternative e in un certo qual modo provocanti. Affido quindi nelle mani dei venturi l’esito di tale foro, affinché essi possano trarre spunti originali e slanciarsi verso nuove e inesplorate mete. ;gVcXZhXV

EGD<:II> 9> :H#H:G#8>

Sono Maristella Bott e ho svolto il SC nell’ animazione del Villaggio del Fanciullo SOS di Trento, una cooperativa sociale che accoglie minori in difficoltà familiare. Durante l’ anno, ho avuto occasione di cimentarmi in attività nuove e molteplici, tra cui organizzazione di feste, laboratori creativi, gite, campeggi,... sempre a contatto sia con i ragazzi ospitati dalla comunità che con l’OLP e il personale. Tutto ciò mi ha permesso di lavorare individualmente, creando spazi gestiti da me o in gruppo con le mie due colleghe e gli animatori, aprendomi alla realtà educativa che non conoscevo e rafforzando le mie capacità e competenze. Sono molto soddisfatta della scelta dell’ente, con cui ho intenzione di mantenere i contatti, e se potessi, rifarei l’esperienza! Consiglio, quindi, a tutti i giovani di dedicare un anno della propria vita al servizio civile che mi ha fatto crescere nella società come cittadina attiva, nella solidarietà e nel rispetto delle necessità dei diritti altrui. BVg^hiZaaV Giunto al termine del percorso dei 2 mesi di servizio civile estivo, posso ritenermi pienamente soddisfatto ed entusiasta dell’esperienza appena vissuta. Si è trattato di un’opportunità che seppure di breve durata, ha portato ad una crescita personale positiva. Questo progetto estivo ha un doppio potenziale: 1) rappresenta un’esperienza interessante consigliabile a chiunque, non una semplice opportunità di occupazione estiva ma la possibilità di mettersi in gioco e mettere le propria capacità al servizio degli altri. 2) rappresenta un trampolino di lancio, un assaggio di ciò che può offrire il servizio civile e che può convincere il volontario a continuare questo percorso nei 12 mesi. Nel mio caso è proprio quello che è successo: è bastato il primo mese per convincermi appieno ad esercitare un ulteriore anno di servizio civile preso l’ente che ho ha premesso di fare questa importante esperienza. Ritengo dunque che questo “esperimento”, attuato per la prima volta proprio questa estate, possa ripetersi anche in futuro e continuare ad offrire questa importante possibilità ai giovani volenterosi. BVhh^bâ^Vcd Mi chiamo Nicole Franceschini, ho 19 anni e ho da poco concluso la mia breve (purtroppo) esperienza di volontaria presso gli uffici del Servizio Civile della Provincia di Trento, infatti il mio “momento” è durato solo 2 mesi, in quanto ho partecipato al bando “x2mesi Es.Ser.Ci” che mi ha dato modo di sperimentare il Servizio Civile durante i mesi estivi e quindi di conoscere non solo molte persone ma anche di scrivere comunicati stampa, cimentarmi e fare i primi passi in una tipologia di informatica di livello superiore al semplice invio di e-mail o lo scrivere testi. Quindi durante questi due mesi non solo ho conosciuto ragazze e ragazzi in servizio civile ma ho anche avuto la possibilità di imparare cose nuove e di conoscere molti enti che costituiscono il sistema del servizio civile in Trentino e gli ambiti in cui operano. Credo che il compito di Es.Ser.Ci e del relativo sito sia importantissimo: infatti non si occupa solo della promozione del Servizio Civile ma ha l’importantissimo compito di tenere unita la sempre più fitta e ampia rete di volontari che hanno scelto di dedicare il loro tempo ed energie alla società. Con l’augurio di poter essere una volontaria di Es.Ser.Ci per l’anno 2010 posso dire che il Servizio Civile non è solo impegno, ma è anche crescita, formazione, amicizia e soprattutto esperienza. C^XdaZ

EGD<:II> 9:AA6 E6I

Preparare il materiale in ufﬁcio, predisporre il banchetto, avvicinare i giovani, offrire i volantini, spiegare loro in poche parole cos’è il servizio civile. Mi fermo in mezzo alla strada per instaurare un minimo di relazione. A me piace molto comunicare con le persone e mi sento una promoter che sponsorizza alcuni valori essenziali importanti. Secondo me con i giovani è così che ci si deve muovere e non rimanere seduti dietro ad una scrivania. Raccolgo dai giovani interesse e gentilezza. Agnese, soggetto pensante e creativo Uno dei nostri punti nodali è la creazione di materiale informativo che scateni la curiosità dei giovani. Un primo prodotto è un volantino che spiega in forma scritta e creativa cos’è il servizio civile ed i valori intrinseci. I progetti che seguo mi fanno incontrare tante persone e per questo ci vuole energia; le persone sono una diversa dall’altra e se è una grande ricchezza, perché è importante che il mondo sia variegato, nel contempo richiede una capacità non indifferente di rimanere stabili sui progetti.

6 \ZccV^d '%%. hdcd hiVi^ Vii^kVi^ , egd\Zii^ X]Z aV Egdk^cX^V 6jidcd" bV Y^ IgZcid ]V gZVaôoVid XdbZ ZciZ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ^hXgîid VaaÉ6aWd cVo^dcVaZ# IVa^ egd\Zii^ ]Vccd ^ciZgZhhVid . higjiijgZ Xdc â Xd^ckda\^" bZcid XdbeaZhh^kd Y^ '+ \^dkVc^# Ijii^ ^ egd\Zii^ hdcd hiVi^ gZVaôoVi^ cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaÉZYjXVo^dcZ Z YZaaV egdbdo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ! heVo^VcYd ^c Y^kZghZ VgZZ/ YVaaV ijiZaV Z VbW^ZciVaZ VaaV egdbdo^dcZ YZaaV aZiijgV! YVaaV hVakV\jVgY^V YZ^ WZc^ hidg^Xd Vgi^hi^X^ VaaV kVadgôoVo^dcZ bjhZVaZ! YVaaZ gZaVo^dc^ igV ^ \^dkVc^ Z cZ\a^ VbWî^ [Vbâ^Vg^ V\a^ ^ciZgkZci^ Y^ hda^YVg^Zi| ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ#

:H#H:G#8># :HeZg^ZcoZ Y^ H:Gkô^d 8>kâZ/ \^dkVc^ ^c gZiZ >a egd\Ziid ]V Xdaid jcV YZaaZ eg^cXêVa^ hÒYZ X]Z ^cXdcigV â bdcYd YZ^ \^dkVc^ ^c IgZci^cd/ fjZaaV Y^ heZg^bZciVgZ cjdkZ bdYVaî| eZg Xdcd" hXZgh^! ^cXdcigVgh^! [VgZ ^ch^ZbZ! V [VkdgZ Y^ jcÉV\\gZ\Vo^dcZ \^dkVcâZ edhî^kV! XVeVXZ Y^ egZb^VgZ ^ Y^kZgh^ egdiV\dc^hb^! ^c jcV g^XZgXV k^g" ijdhV Y^ h^\c^ÒXVid! Y^ kVadg^ hda^YVa^ Z Y^ Xdck^kZcoV# > ) \^dkVc^! 9Vc^ZaZ! 6\cZhZ! HiZ[Vc^V! :aZcV ! ^beZ\cVi^ V YVgZ Xdc" XgZiZooV VaaÉ^YZV egd\ZiijVaZ! hdcd hiVi^ iZhi^bdc^ Y^ fjZhid YZh^YZg^d Y^ Y^Vad\d! Xdc[gdcid! XdcY^k^h^dcZ Y^ ZheZg^ZcoZ# 9V^ eg^b^ eVhh^ bdhh^ eZg ^cXdcigVgZ Z VhXdaiVgZ ^ \^dkVc^ cZ^ iZggîdg^! Xdc jcÉViiZco^dcZ eVg" i^XdaVgZ V fjZaa^ e^ eZg^[Zg^X^! â egd\Ziid ]V gZVaôoVid k^YZd^ciZgk^hiZ V iZhi^bdc^ YZa bdcYd YZaaV hda^YVg^Zi| Z YZaaÉ^beZ\cd X^k^Xd adXVa^ Z cVo^dcVa^! eg^kâZ\^VcYd eZghdcV\\^ k^X^c^ Va bdcYd YZ^ \^dkVc^# <gVo^Z V^ fjViigd egdiV\dc^hi^ hiVid gZVaôoVid aÉVXXZhhd YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Xdc aV Xdhigjo^dcZ Y^ jcd heZX^ÒXd egdÒad ^c ;VXZWdd`# 6iigVkZghd â hdX^Va cZildg` ]Vccd hi^bdaVid aV XdcY^k^h^dcZ Z aV g^ÓZhh^dcZ hj^ iZb^ egdeg^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Z aV \Zhi^dcZ Y^ ^c[dgbVo^dc^ Z Xdbjc^XVo^dc^# AV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ h^ gZhV iZhi^bdc^VcoV Y^gZiiV ^c dXXVh^d" cZ YZ\a^ ^cXdcig^ Xdc \a^ hijYZci^ YZaaZ hXjdaZ hjeZg^dg^ Z cZaaÉdg\VcôoV" o^dcZ Y^ ejci^ ^c[dgbVi^k^ ^c bdhigZ! ÒZgZ! XdckZ\c^ Z bVc^[ZhiVo^dc^ g^kdaiZ VY jc ejWWa^Xd \^dkVcZ d hZch^WâZ V^ iZb^ YZaaV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ gZhedchVWâZ#

EGD<:II> 9:AA6 E6I

Egd\Ziid 7VaXVc^/

9^Vad\d ^ciZgZic^Xd Z X^iiVY^cVcoV Vii^kV ViigVkZghd aV XddeZgVo^dcZ igV Xdbjc^i|#

Sapevo già che la Bosnia non avrebbe cambiato radicalmente la mia vita, non è una zona bellica, non ci vuole coraggio per vivere qui, non ci sono soldati barbuti ad aspettarti col fucile carico. Purtroppo, spesso in occidente, una zona di guerra rimane sempre una zona di guerra. I pregiudizi, anche i miei, a volte non riescono ad andare oltre ai nomi sentiti di sfuggita ai telegiornali. Durante il mio periodo qui, all’ADL di Prijedor, ho preso parte, come organizzatore, come partecipante, come osservatore o come semplice curioso, a molte iniziative. Ho seguito alcuni progetti di gemellaggio, a vari livelli, tra le scuole Trentine e quelle di Prijedor, ho contribuito alla realizzazione di alcuni progetti di scambio fra giovani trentini e bosniaci. Quello che mi porto via da questo periodo, anche se spero di “portare via” il meno possibile e di lasciare qui la maggior parte della mia esperienza, è la scoperta di un paese meraviglioso e sconosciuto dalla maggior parte delle persone, è la costruzione di amicizie vere che credo dureranno nel tempo, è la conoscenza di un territorio che, grazie alle sue peculiarita` potrebbe essere studiato e ristudiato, girato da nord a sud inﬁnite volte accogliendo sempre nuovi stimoli ed insegnamenti. E^Zigd

>a hZgkô^d Hda^YVg^Zi| >ciZgcVo^dcVaZ ]V VXXdbeV\cVid E^Zigd 7d[[Vcd Z 6ccV HiZgo^! cZa g^heZiid Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! YVcYd adgd aÉdeedgijcî| Y^ k^kZgZ jcÉZheZg^ZcoV Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ VaaÉZhiZgd! cZaaV Bjc^XêVaî| Y^ Eg^_ZYdg! ^c 7dhc^V# >a egd\Ziid ]V kdajid egdbjdkZgZ jcV XîiVY^cVcoV Vii^kV Z gZhedchVWâZ ViigVkZghd aV Y^cVb^XV YZ^ eVgiZcVg^Vi^ iZggîdg^Va^# 6 YdY^X^ Vcc^ YVaaV ÒcZ YZaaV \jZggV! aV hîjVo^dcZ Y^ Eg^_ZYdg XVgViiZ" gôoViV YVaaV gêgZhV YZaaV Xdck^kZcoV igV \gjee^ Zic^X^/ ZhhV h^ bVc^[ZhiV ^c bdYd Zhea^Xîd cZaaZ hXjdaZ! cZ^ ajd\]^ Y^ aVkdgd! cZ^ hZgkô^ ejWWa^X^! ^c VaXjcZ VhhdX^Vo^dc^ X]Z h^ YZÒc^hXdcd XdgV\\^dhVbZciZ bjai^Zic^" X]Z# > kdadciVg^ ]Vccd egdbdhhd â Y^Vad\d ^ciZgZic^Xd! aÉZYjXVo^dcZ VaaV Y^kZghî| Z XîiVY^cVcoV Vii^kV cZ^ 7VaXVc^ Z ^c IgZci^cd! ViigVkZghd aZ gZaVo^dc^ igV aZ Xdbjcî|! [gjiid Y^ ^YZZ egdedhiZ! XdcY^k^hZ ZY ZaVWdgViZ YV Z Xdc aZ Xdbjcî| adXVa^# <a^ VbWî^ Y^ ^ciZgkZcid ^c Xj^ deZgZgVccd ^ kdadciVg^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hdcd YjZ/ ZYjXVi^kd ^c VbWîd hXdaVhi^Xd Z YZaaÉVhhdX^Vo^dc^hbd \^dkVcâZ Hdcd hiVid ^c 7dhc^V eVgZXX]^Z kdaiZ eg^bV Y^ fjZhid eZg^dYd k^hhjid V Eg^_ZYdg# HVeZkd \^| X]Z aV 7dhc^V cdc VkgZWWZ XVbW^Vid gVY^XVabZciZ aV b^V kîV! cdc jcV odcV WZaa^XV! cdc X^ kjdaZ XdgV\\^d eZg k^kZgZ fj^! cdc X^ hdcd hdaYVi^ WVgWji^ VY VheZiiVgi^ Xda [jXâZ XVg^Xd# Ejgigdeed! heZhhd ^c dXX^YZciZ! jcV odcV Y^ \jZggV g^bVcZ hZbegZ jcV odcV Y^ \jZggV# > egZ\^jYô^! VcX]Z ^ b^Z^! V kdaiZ cdc g^ZhXdcd VY VcYVgZ daigZ V^ cdb^ hZciî^ Y^ h[j\\îV V^ iZaZ\^dgcVa^# 9jgVciZ â b^d eZg^dYd fj^! VaaÉ69A Y^ Eg^_ZYdg! ]d egZhd eVgiZ! XdbZ dg\VcôoVidgZ! XdbZ eVgiZX^" eVciZ! XdbZ dhhZgkVidgZ d XdbZ hZbea^XZ Xjg^dhd! V bdaiZ ^cô^Vi^kZ# =d hZ\jîd VaXjc^ egd\Zii^ Y^ \ZbZaaV\\^d! V kVg^ a^kZaa^! igV aZ hXjdaZ IgZci^cZ Z fjZaaZ Y^ Eg^_ZYdg! ]d Xdcig^Wjîd VaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ VaXjc^ egd\Zii^ Y^ hXVbW^d [gV \^dkVc^ igZci^c^ Z Wdhc^VX^# FjZaad X]Z b^ edgid k^V YV fjZhid eZg^dYd! VcX]Z hZ heZgd Y^ ÆedgiV" gZ k^VÇ â bZcd edhh^WâZ Z Y^ aVhX^VgZ fj^ aV bV\\^dg eVgiZ YZaaV b^V ZheZg^ZcoV! aV hXdeZgiV Y^ jc eVZhZ bZgVk^\a^dhd Z hXdcdhX^jid YVaaV bV\\^dg eVgiZ YZaaZ eZghdcZ! aV Xdhigjo^dcZ Y^ Vb^Xô^Z kZgZ X]Z XgZ" Yd YjgZgVccd cZa iZbed! aV XdcdhXZcoV Y^ jc iZggîdg^d X]Z! \gVo^Z VaaZ hjZ eZXja^VgîVU edigZWWZ ZhhZgZ hijY^Vid Z g^hijY^Vid! \^gVid YV cdgY V hjY ^cÒcîZ kdaiZ VXXd\a^ZcYd hZbegZ cjdk^ hi^bda^ ZY ^chZ\cVbZci^#

EGD<:II> 9:AA6 E6I

A>7G> : 9>CIDGC> 9V jc egd\Ziid XjaijgVaZ igVhkZghVaZ X]Z Xd^ckda\Z fjViigd gV\Voo^ kd" adciVg^ YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ cVhXdcd ^ eg^b^ WddìgVâZgh! jc bdYd dg^\^" cVaZ Y^ VXXdhiVgZ ^ \^dkVc^ VaaV aZiijgV! heZg^bZciVcYd \a^ ^ccdkVi^k^ a^c\jV\\^ Xdbjc^XVi^k^ d[[Zgi^ YVaaZ cjdkZ iZXcdad\^Z# FjZhid â eg^bd g^hjaiVid Y^ ÆA^Wg^ Z Y^cidgc^Ç! hkâjeeVid Xdc â hjeedgid YZaaÉJ[ÒX^d HZg" kô^d X^kâZ! X]Z ]V bZhhd V Y^hedhô^dcZ aV g^hdghV Æ\^dkVc^Ç eZg eVgaVgZ Va iVg\Zi Æ\^dkVc^Ç# FjViigd ^ kdadciVg^ Xd^ckdai^ " <^jhZeeZ 8VbeVcVaZ! H^bdcZ 8Vg\cdc^! :bâ^d HVcXVcY^ Z BViiZd IVbVc^c^ "^beZ\cVi^ egZhhd Y^kZghZ higjiijgZ egdk^cX^Va^/ â ;dgbVi"8Zcigd VjY^dk^h^k^! aÉJ[ÒX^d eZg â H^hiZbV W^Wa^diZ" XVg^d igZci^cd Z aÉJ[ÒX^d eZg aZ Edaî^X]Z Y^ eVg^ deedgijcî|# >a egd\Ziid! ^c[Vii^! b^gV V [Vkdg^gZ jc eZgXdghd Y^ g^ÓZhh^dcZ Z VjidXd" hX^ZcoV X]Z V^ji^ V hjeZgVgZ aZ WVgg^ZgZ Y^ \ZcZgZ eZg egdbjdkZgZ jc gVeedgid hZgZcd [gV aZ eZghdcZ# D\\Ziid YZa egd\Ziid hiViV fj^cY^ aV aZiiZgVijgV Y^ \ZcZgZ# Ad higj" bZcid/ ^ WddìgVâZg# > gV\Voo^ YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ hdcd hiVi^ [dgbVi^ ZY ^cigdYdii^ VaaZ iZbV" i^X]Z X^cZbVid\gVÒX]Z! ]Vccd eVgiZXêVid VY ^cXdcig^ Y^ egdbdo^dcZ YZaaV aZiijgV Z V kVg^Z gVhhZ\cZ ZYîdg^Va^# > egdhh^b^ eVhh^ YZa egd\Ziid/ VcYVgZ hja iZggîdg^d! cZaaZ W^Wa^diZX]Z ^ccVcoîjiid Z cZaaZ hXjdaZ ed^! V egZhZciVgZ fjZhi^ g^hjaiVi^ Z hZch^W^" aôoVgZ ^ \^dkVc^ kZghd aV aZiijgV Z aZ egdWaZbVi^X]Z Y^ \ZcZgZ Va XZcigd Y^ fjZhid egd\Ziid! Z VcX]Z kZghd aÉjiâôod Y^ jc cjdkd bdYd Y^ Xdbj" c^XVgZ# 6aaV egZhZciVo^dcZ Y^ fjZhi^ eg^b^ WddìgVâZgh ]V Vhh^hiîd aÉVhhZhhd" gZ egdk^cX^VaZ VaaV 8jaijgV ;gVcXd EVcôoV! X]Z ]V hdiida^cZVid ÆaÉVaiV fjVaî| YZ^ g^hjaiVi^ YZa egd\Ziid! X]Z iZhi^bdc^V aV XdbeZiZcoV Z aV gZhedchVWâî| YZ^ \^dkVc^ Xd^ckdai^! X]Z ]Vccd hVejid igdkVgZ â a^c" \jV\\^d \^jhid! XgZVi^kd! YÉZ[[Ziid eZg egdbjdkZgZ iZb^ fjVa^ aZ gZaVo^d" c^! aV XdcdhXZcoV Y^ hZ hiZhh^ Z YZa bdcYd ^c Xj^ h^ k^kZ! aÉVWWVii^bZcid YZaaZ WVgg^ZgZ X]Z hdcd VaaV WVhZ YZaaV hdX^Zi| X]Z hi^Vbd XZgXVcYd Y^ Xdhigj^gZ Z b^\a^dgVgZÇ#

EGD<:II> 9:AA6 E6I

JC EGD<:IID 9> H:GK>O>D 8>K>A:/ Æ69DII6 JC 7:C: 8JAIJG6A:Ç Æ6YdiiV jc 7ZcZ 8jaijgVaZÇ VkZkV XdbZ dW^Zii^kd fjZaad Y^ [dgc^gZ jcV XdggZiiV ^c[dgbVo^dcZ hja WZcZ XjaijgVaZ Z egdbjdkZgZ cZaaV ededaV" o^dcZ! jcV bV\\^dgZ hZch^Wâî| hja iZbV YZaaV ijiZaV Z YZaaV XdchZgkV" o^dcZ Y^ fjZhi^ WZc^# JcÉd[[ZgiV cjdkV ViigVkZghd aV fjVaZ hÉ^ciZcYZkV Xd^ckda\ZgZ ^ [jijg^ XîiVY^c^ cZaaV hXdeZgiV YZ^ WZc^ XjaijgVa^ egZhZci^ hja iZggîdg^d! X]Z! ^c k^V heZg^bZciVaZ! hiVid X^gXdhXgîid VaaZ KVaa^ <^jY^" XVg^Z >ciZg^dg^# 6 ajc\V XdchZgkVo^dcZ# <j^YV egVi^XV VaaÉjhd YZa eVig^bdc^d XjaijgVaZ# >a eZgXdghd ]V XdchZciîd aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ jc kVYZbZXjb X]Z ]V XdbZ ÒcVaî| fjZaaV Y^ Vkk^X^cVgZ aZ >hiîjo^dc^ Va XîiVY^cd gZcYZcYd hZbegZ e^ igVheVgZciZ â aVkdgd YZaaV ejWWa^XV Vbb^c^higVo^dcZ Z d[" [gZcYdh^ XdbZ V^jid Z[ÒXVXZ eZg dg^ZciVgh^ cZaaÉVbe^V Z kVg^Z\ViV bV" iZg^V YZa eVig^bdc^d XjaijgVaZ# =V ^cdaigZ dg\VcôoVid aV k^hîV Z aÉVii^kî| hja iZggîdg^d0 aÉViiZco^dcZ! h^ [dXVaôoViV hjaaZ <^jY^XVg^Z >ciZg^dg^# IgV ^ hî^ ^ciZgZhhVci^ ^cY^k^YjVi^ XdbZ edhh^Wâ^ ajd\]^ Y^ aVkdgd Z Veegd" [dcY^bZcid Xdc aZ hXdaVgZhX]Z! eZg aZ iZbVi^X]Z Z eZg aV Y^hedc^Wâî| YZ\a^ ^chZ\cVci^! hdcd VeeVgh^ hjWîd â eVZhZ Y^ 8VYZgodcZ IZgbZ Z! V BVYdccV Y^ 8Vbe^\a^d! ad heaZcY^Yd HVadcZ =d[Zg YZa <gVcY =diZa 9Zh 6aeZh X]Z hdad YV edX]^ Vcc^ hiVid Y^X]^VgVid WZcZ YÉ^ciZgZhhZ Xjaij" gVaZ YVaaV Egdk^cX^V 6jidcdbV Y^ IgZcid# >a HVadcZ =d[Zg YZa <gVcY =diZa 9Zh 6aeZh jcd igV ^ e^ Vci^X]^ ZY^Ò" X^ ijg^hi^X^ YZa IgZci^cd ZY hiVid [gZfjZciVid YVaaÉ^beZgVig^XZ :a^hVWZiiV Z YVa bVgîd ;gVcXZhXd <^jhZeeZ# CZa &-.-! aÉVaadgV VaWZg\VidgZ ;gVco ?dhZ[ DZhiZggZ^X]Zg! Xdbb^hh^dc Va eîidgZ WdaoVc^cd <dii[g^ZY =d[Zg jcV bVZhidhV iZaV VY da^d gV[Ò\jgVciZ aV BVYdccV Y^ 8Vbe^\a^d Z jc X^Xad Y^ Yê^ci^ X]Z hÉ^chZg^hXZ cZa \jhid ÓdgZVaZ Y^ ÒcZ DiidXZcid0 =d[Zg ]V gVeegZhZciVid ^c bdYd YZiiV\a^Vid VaXjc^ ZhZbeaVg^ YZaaV ÓdgV Vae^cV X]Z ^cXdgc^X^Vcd Ze^hdY^ Z eZghdcV\\^ igVii^ YVaaV bîdad\^V# GZXZciZ" bZciZ â HVadcZ ]V hjWîd jc \gVkZ ^cXZcY^d! VkkZcjid cZa Y^XZbWgZ '%%,! X]Z ]V YVccZ\\^Vid eVgiZ YZa XdbeaZhhd# Hdiid aÉVheZiid dg\VcôoVi^kd hiVid! eg^bV Y^ ijiid! XdciViiViV aV Y^" gZo^dcZ YZaaÉ=diZa 9Zh 6aeZh! eZg iZhiVgZ aV [Vii^Wâî| YZaaÉ^YZV! X]Z h^ Y^bdhigViV hjWîd hZch^WâZ Z Y^hedc^WâZ VY VXXd\a^ZgZ aV g^X]^ZhiV# HjXXZhh^kVbZciZ hiVid hXZaid â iVg\Zi YZaaZ hXjdaZ YV Xd^ckda\ZgZ0 aV YZX^h^dcZ XVYjiV hjaaZ hZXdcYVg^Z Y^ eg^bd \gVYd egZhZci^ ^c eVZhZ! h^V eZgX] ^c fjZhid bdYd cdc XÉZgV â egdWaZbV YZaad hedhiVbZcid Xdc ^ bZoo^ ejWWa^X^! h^V eZgX] hVgVccd adgd ^ [jijg^ Æijidg^Ç YZa HVadcZ cZ^ egdhh^b^ YZXZcc^# >a egd\Ziid h^ hkâjeeVid dg\VcôoVcYd eZg d\c^ XaVhhZ jcV k^hîV Y^ X^gXV igZ dgZ cZa HVadcZ Z jc hjXXZhh^kd ^cXdcigd Y^ jcÉdgV V hXjdaV# Hja e^Vcd egd\ZiijVaZ â bViZg^VaZ gZVaôoVid Z jiâôoVid cZaaZ hXjdaZ ]V XdbegZhd jc Ydhh^Zg YÉdg^ZciVbZcid g^kdaid V\a^ ^chZ\cVci^ Xdc VaXjc^ Veegd[dcY^bZci^ hjaaZ iZbVi^X]Z V[[gdciViZ cZa egd\Ziid! cdiô^Z ^ciZ" gZhhVci^ YZ^ ajd\]^! YZ^ eZghdcV\\^ hidg^XVbZciZ h^\c^ÒXVi^k^ Z YZaaZ iZXc^X]Z Vgi^hi^X]Z jiâôoViZ#

EGD<:II> 9:AA6 E6I

Questo progetto pilota conferma l’importanza di lavorare sul territorio e con il territorio. I piccoli centri storici del Trentino hanno un’enorme potenzialità ancora tutta da scoprire e le attività realizzate in questa occasione ne hanno dato solo un piccolo saggio, un altro modo di proporre attività dedicate alla conoscenza e all’uso, come risorsa educativa, dei beni culturali disseminati sul territorio. La felice collaborazione con gli insegnanti, che si ringraziano per la disponibilità ad accogliere il gruppo di lavoro e permettere così di fare un’esperienza molto coinvolgente, ha dimostrato come la sperimentazione e l’entusiasmo possano dare ottimi frutti, trasmettendo ai cittadini in formazione la consapevolezza dei diritti e dei doveri che li renderanno ben presto responsabili in prima persona nei confronti del patrimonio culturale. (Linnet, Luciana Francesca)

6aigd VbWîd YZa egd\Ziid hiVid YZY^XVid V^ gV\Voo^# >a bViZg^VaZ hiVid [dgcîd YjgVciZ aV eg^bV jhXîV! Xdbedhid YV [VXâ^ hX]ZYZ hZb^"higjiij" gViZ! ^YZViZ ^c bdYd YV hdaaZXîVgZ â Xdci^cjd hXVbW^d igV aÉdhhZgkVo^d" cZ YZ^ bVcj[Vii^! aÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ YZaaZ ^c[dgbVo^dc^ Z â XdchZ\jZciZ gV[[gdcid igV ZhhZ Z ^ YdXjbZci^ ^c cdhigd edhhZhhd# JcÉVaigV eVgiZ YZaaZ hX]ZYZ g^Vhhjci^kZ hiViV! ^ckZXZ! XdchZ\cViV cZaaÉVeejciVbZcid Xdc" Xajh^kd Y^ kZg^ÒXV ^c XaVhhZ# > iZb^ V[[gdciVi^ hdcd hiVi^/ â bîd eZg aV XaVhhZ eg^bV Z aV XdchZgkVo^d" cZ Z aV ijiZaV YZ^ ajd\]^ YÉVgiZ eZg aZ XaVhh^ hZXdcYV Z iZgoV! ZcigVbW^ jiâ^ Z ^cZgZci^ Va adgd eZgXdghd Y^ hijY^# AÉZheZg^ZcoV hiViV YZX^hVbZciZ edhî^kV0 \a^ Vajcc^ h^ hdcd hkZaVi^ dii^" b^ dhhZgkVidg^! VXji^ YZiZXi^kZ ^c ZgWV Z h^beVi^X^ Xjg^dh^ YÉVgiZ# 6cX]Z ^ YdXZci^! YV eVgiZ adgd! h^ hdcd Y^bdhigVi^ bdaid ^ciZgZhhVi^ Va egd\Ziid

>a eZgXdghd V 8VYZgodcZ IZgbZ 8dciZbedgVcZVbZciZ Va egd\Ziid Y^ BVYdccV Y^ 8Vbe^\a^d! hiVid Vkk^Vid Æ>a eZgXdghd V 8VYZgodcZ IZgbZÇ jc eZgXdghd Xdc aZ XaVhh^ iZgoV Z fjVgiV YZaaV hXjdaV eg^bVg^V Y^ 8VYZgodcZ IZgbZ# AV hXZaiV XVYjiV hj fjZhid XdbjcZ eZgX] d[[gZ jcd YZ^ XZcig^ hidg^X^ e^ Vci^X]^ YZaaV KVa GZcYZcV Z! egdeg^d eZg fjZhid! VYViid eZg âajhigVgZ! VcX]Z V^ e^ e^XXda^! aÉ^bedgiVciZ bZhhV\\^d d[[Zgid YVaaV XdcdhXZcoV YZa eVig^bdc^d XjaijgVaZ adXVaZ# Eg^bV Y^ ^cô^VgZ aÉVii^kî| hiVid [Viid jc ZaZcXd Xdc jcV hXZaiV YZ^ WZc^ XjaijgVa^ YZa eVZhZ Z! VWWdooVid â egd\Ziid! hdcd hiViZ XdciViiViZ aZ ^chZ\cVci^ YZaaV XaVhhZ iZgoV Z fjVgiV X]Z ]Vccd VYZgîd Zcijh^Vhi^XVbZciZ# >a egd\gVbbV hiVid gZVaôoVid ^c X^cfjZ ^cXdcig^ hZii^bVcVa^ V[[gdciVcYd Xdc ^ e^ e^XXda^ â iZbV YZ^ Òdg^ Z Vc^bVa^ cZaaÉ^Xdcd\gVÒV YZ^ hVci^ Zâ iZbV YZaaÉVXfjV! ZaZbZcid XZcigVaZ cZaaÉZXdcdb^V YZa eVZhZ Z eZg aV hidg^V YZaaV Xdbjcî|! XdaaZ\Vid VaaZ [dciVcZ Z VaaZ iZgbZ# 9^ kdaiV ^c kdaiV â bViZg^VaZ hiVid higjiijgVid ^c WVhZ VaaV bdYVaî| Y^YVii^XV Xdc Xj^ ZgV egZk^hid Y^ V[[gdciVgZ aV aZo^dcZ ^c VaiZgcVi^kV igV aVWdgVidg^ ^c XaVhhZ! jhXîZ cZa XZcigd hidg^Xd d k^hîZ VaaV X]^ZhV YZa eVZhZ / ZgVcd hiViZ ^c[Vii^ egZkZci^kVbZciZ egZY^hedhiZ hX]ZYZ iZXc^X]Z! \^dX]^! ejooaZ! Y^hZ\c^ YV XdbeaZiVgZ Xdc Xdadg^ Z iZgb^cdad\^Z XdggZiiZ! ^c bdYd iVaZ YV [Vkdg^gZ â Xd^ckda\^bZcid Z aÉVeegZcY^bZcid YZ^ WVbW^c^# AV kVajiVo^dcZ ÒcVaZ hiViV XZgiVbZciZ edhî^kV! aÉ^cô^Vi^kV ]V [Viid XdcdhXZgZ V^ WVbW^c^ VaXjc^ WZc^ eVgi^XdaVgbZciZ ^bedgiVci^ YZa egdeg^d eVZhZ Z a^ ]V Vkk^X^cVi^ VaaÉVgiZ ^c bdYd VaiZgcVi^kd! ViigVkZghd â \^dXd Z â Y^kZgi^bZcid#

EGD<:II> 9:AA6 E6I

EGDI:O>DC: 9:AAÉ6B7>:CI:/ 8DAI>K6G: A6 8JAIJG6 9:AA6 EG:K:CO>DC:# >a egd\Ziid h^ egdedhid Y^ ^ciZgkZc^gZ cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaV egZkZco^dcZ VbW^ZciVaZ hdhiZcZcYd aV XjaijgV YZaaV ijiZaV YZa eVig^bdc^d VbW^Zc" iVaZ! h^V Xdc ^cô^Vi^kZ Y^ ^c[dgbVo^dcZ Z hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ cZaaZ \^dkVc^ \ZcZgVo^dc^! eZg V[[ZgbVgZ jcV XjaijgV XdaaZii^kV ZXdad\^XV! h^V Xdc Vii^" kî| iZXc^Xd hX^Zci^ÒX]Z Y^ bdcîdgV\\^d VXfjV Z hjdad eZg ^cXgZbZc" iVgZ aV XVeVXî| Y^ egZh^Y^VgZ â iZggîdg^d Z [Vkdg^gZ Xdh \a^ ^ciZgkZci^ Y^ egZkZco^dcZ ^c jcÉdii^XV Y^ XîiVY^cVcoV Vii^kV Z gZhedchVWâZ# @Vgda IVWVgZaa^ YZ ;Vi^h! BVii^V AdgZco ]Vccd Xdcig^Wjîd V hkâjeeVgZ Z gV[[dgoVgZ jc Y^[[jhd he^gîd ZXdad\^Xd! ViiZcid V [VgZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ [jijg^ XîiVY^c^ g^heZiidh^ YZaaZ g^hdghZ cVijgVa^ ^c bdYd YV hVakV\jVgYVgZ aV ijiZaV YZ\a^ ZXdh^hiZb^! ViigVkZghd aÉZaVWdgVo^dcZ Y^ egdedhiZ ZXdhdhiZ" c^Wâ^ cZa YZa^XVid hZiidgZ YZ^ g^Òji^ Z aÉ^YZVo^dcZ Y^ bViZg^VaZ ^c[dgbVi^" kd Z Y^kja\Vi^kd WgdX]jgZ! YZea^Vcih! V\\^dgcVbZcid hîd! ZXX# g^kdaid VaaV XîiVY^cVcoV! VaaZ ^begZhZ Z VaaZ Vbb^c^higVo^dc^ adXVa^ ^c bViZg^V Y^ ijiZaV Z XdchZgkVo^dcZ YZaaÉVg^V! YZaaÉVXfjV Z YZa hjdad edcZcYd eVg" i^XdaVgZ ViiZco^dcZ V^ cjdk^ hiâ^ Xdbjc^XVi^k^# 9Vc^ZaZ HZ\ViV Z ;gVcXZhXV EVda^ ]Vccd Xdcig^Wjîd V egZh^Y^VgZ â iZg" gîdg^d ViigVkZghd Vii^kî| Y^ hdegVaajd\d egZhhd Vo^ZcYZ igZci^cZ ^c egZ" hZcoV YZ\a^ ^heZiidg^ Z YZ^ iZXc^X^ VbW^ZciVa^ ZY ViigVkZghd Vii^kî| Y^ XVbe^dcVbZcid Z bdcîdgV\\^d Y^ aV\]^ Z Xdgh^ YÉVXfjV bZY^VciZ VcVa^h^ X]^b^Xd$Òh^X]Z Z ^cYV\^c^ W^dad\^X]Z ^beaZbZciVcYd ZY V\\^dg" cVcYd aV WVcXV YVi^ hjaaÉVbW^ZciZ jiâôoVcYd â hd[ilVgZ <66 <Zhi^dcZ 6jidgôoVo^dc^ 6bW^ZciVa^ # > g^hjaiVi^ ViiZh^ YVa egd\Ziid hdcd hiVi^ e^ZcVbZciZ gV\\^jci^ h^V ViigV" kZghd jcV bV\\^dgZ XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc â h^hiZbV hXdaVhi^Xd g^heZiid VaaZ Vii^kî| Y^ ZYjXVo^dcZ VbW^ZciVaZ Xdc eZgXdgh^ Y^ ^c[dgbVo^dcZ Z hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ dg\VcôoVi^ ^c aVWdgVidg^d X]Z ]Vccd Xd^ckdaid Vii^kV" bZciZ \a^ hijYZci^ ^c Vii^kî| deZgVi^kZ! \VgVciZcYd jc VeegZcY^bZcid e^ Z[ÒXVXZ g^heZiid VaaZ aZo^dc^ hkdaiZ ^c VjaV! h^V ViigVkZghd aV egd" bdo^dcZ Y^ ^ciZgkZci^ Y^ hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ ZY ^c[dgbVo^dcZ g^kdai^ VaaV XdaaZii^kî|! VaaZ Vbb^c^higVo^dc^ adXVa^! Va bdcYd egdYjii^kd ZY ^c eVgi^" XdaVgZ VaaZ Vo^ZcYZ V\g^XdaZ Z Y^ egdYjo^dcZ X]Z deZgVcd ^c hZiidg^ VY Vaid ^beViid VbW^ZciVaZ#

)(

EGD<:II> 9:AA6 E6I

69DO>DC: : 6;;>96B:CID/ H8:AI: HDA>96A> GZVaôoVid eZg ^cô^Vi^kV YZa HZgkô^d edaî^X]Z hdX^Va^ ZY VWîVi^kZ YZaaV Egdk^cX^V 6jidcdbV Y^ IgZcid! ]V Xd^ckdaid igZ gV\VooZ Z jc gV\Vood ^c Zi| igV ^ '% Z ^ '* Vcc^# AV egdedhiV! ejg eVgiZcYd YV jc eZgXdghd jcîVg^d! h^ ed^ XdcXgZiôoViV ^c Vii^kî| ZY ZheZg^ZcoZ X]Z ^ \^dkVc^ ]Vccd hkdaid egZhhd Y^kZghZ higjiijgZ Vbb^c^higVi^kZ fjVa^ â 8Zcigd eZg aÉ^c[Vco^V! ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ aÉZfjêZ bjai^"Y^hXêa^cVgZ eZg aÉVYdo^dcZ Z aÉV[ÒYVbZcid [Vbâ^VgZ! Z â Egd\Ziid heZX^VaZ edaî^X]Z [Vbâ^Vg^ Z Y^ hdhiZ\cd VaaV cViVaî|# CZa fjVYgd YZaaZ ÒcVaî| YZa egd\Ziid ^cY^gôoViZ V hdhiZcZgZ Z ediZco^VgZ aV XjaijgV YZaaV hda^YVg^Zi| Viidgcd V\a^ ^hiîji^ YZaaÉVYdo^dcZ Z YZaaÉV[ÒYd bV VcX]Z ViigVkZghd aV egdbdo^dcZ YZaaZ ed" aî^X]Z [Vbâ^Vg^! ^ \^dkVc^ hdcd hiVi^ Xd^ckdai^ cZaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ jcV g^XZgXV hdX^VaZ hja iZbV YZaaÉVYdo^dcZ! ^c Vii^kî| Y^ hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ Z Y^ egdbdo^dcZ YZaaÉV[ÒYVbZcid [Vbâ^VgZ Z YZaaÉVXXd\a^ZcoV VcX]Z igVbîZ ZkZci^ Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ hja iZggîdg^d ZY ZaVWdgVo^dc^ bViZg^Va^ kVg^ eZg â hîd lll#igZci^cd[Vb^\a^V#î# JcÉVii^kî| eVgi^XdaVgbZciZ gâZkVciZ! X]Z ]V k^hid XdbZ egdiV\dc^hi^ BVg\]ZgîV Z <^jhZeeZ! hiViV aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ jc k^YZd"hedi hja iZbV YZaaÉV[ÒYVbZcid [Vbâ^VgZ0 ZhhV ]V g^X]^Zhid ^beZ\cd! XVeVXî| dg\VcôoVi^kZ! VXfj^hô^dcZ Y^ XdbeZiZcoZ iZXc^Xd"ZhegZhh^kZ cdcX] jcV Y^hedc^Wâî| V bZiiZgh^ ^c jcV XdcYô^dcZ Y^ VhXdaid Z Xdc[gdcid Xdc hd\\Zii^ kVg^# :coV! g^ÓZiiZcYd hjaaV hjV ZheZg^ZcoV! gVXXdciV X]Z ÆaÉVkZg eVgiZXêVid ^c eg^bV eZghdcV VY ^cô^Vi^kZ Y^ hjeedgid VaaV \Zcîdg^Vaî| d V bdbZci^ Y^ [ZhiV$g^ÓZhh^dcZ YZY^XVi^ VaaZ [Vb^\a^Z Xdc Xdbeî^ Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ! b^ ]V [Viid XgZhXZgZ cZaaÉ^beZ\cd Y^ XîiVY^cV Vii^kV# CZa Xdghd YZaaÉVccd aZ ZheZg^ZcoZ k^hhjiZ hdcd hiViZ hi^bdad ^bedgiVciZ eZg aV b^V [dgbVo^dcZ eZghdcVaZ Z ]Vccd Xdcig^Wjîd VY dg^ZciVgZ aV b^V hXZaiV Y^ hijY^dÇ# HZgZcV! YZY^XVcYdh^ ^c bdYd heZX^ÒXd VaaV gZV" aôoVo^dcZ Y^ jcÉ^cYV\^cZ hja iZbV YZaaÉVYdo^dcZ ViigVkZghd ^ciZgk^hiZ Z fjZhi^dcVg^ V deZgVidg^ YZa hZiidgZ hdX^d"hVcîVg^d! g^XdcdhXZ X]Z fjZhid aVkdgd ]V Xdhiîjîd eZg aZ^ jcV egZo^dhV deedgijcî| eZg XdcdhXZgZ aV kVg^Zi| YZ\a^ ^ciZgkZci^ hja iZggîdg^d VaaÉ^ciZgcd eZg Y^ jcV XdbjcVcoV Y^ hZch^Wâî| Z Y^ ViiZco^dc^ XdcXgZiZ kZghd â iZbV#

))

EGD<:II> 9:AA6 E6I

JC E6IG>BDC>D 9> IJII>/ >A BJH:D >a egd\Ziid h^ hkdaid Xdc aV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ Y^ HiZ[Vc^V BZc\dc! A^V BZga^ Z HiZ[Vc^V HX]^g cZaaÉVbWîd YZ^ HZgkô^ ZYjXVi^k^ YZa bjhZd! bZc" igZ <^ja^V 7dgidadii^ ]V hZ\jîd e^ heZX^ÒXViVbZciZ aZ Vii^kî| YZaaÉ6g" X]^k^d ;did\gVÒXd YZa bjhZd# EgdbjdkZgZ aÉjhd YZa bjhZd eZg egdYjggZ XjaijgV Z ^cXajh^dcZ hdX^V" aZ! ViigVkZghd aV egd\ZiiVo^dcZ Y^ egdedhiZ ZYjXVi^kZ h^\c^ÒXVi^kZ ZY Z[ÒXVX^ eZg ^ Y^kZgh^ ejWWa^X^ YZa bjhZd ]V h^\c^ÒXVid Xd^ckda\ZgZ aZ gV\VooZ cZaaV egd\ZiiVo^dcZ Z gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ Vii^kî| g^kdaiZ V^ Y^kZgh^ ejWWa^X^ cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaZ bdhigZ iZbedgVcZZ dg\VcôoViZ YVa bjhZd# >c eVgi^XdaVgZ eZg ÆG^ÓZhh^ YÉDg^ZciZ# AÉ^bbV\^cZ YZaaV 8^cV cZaaV XVg" id\gVÒV ZjgdeZVÇ h^ ejciVid hjaad hkda\^bZcid Y^ Vii^kî| ^c X]^VkZ ^ciZgXjaijgVaZ eZg ediZco^VgZ aV XdcdhXZcoV YZaaV XjaijgV X^cZhZ! hjaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ jc aVWdgVidg^d Y^ bVhX]ZgZ X^cZh^ Z Y^ jc a^WgZiid âaj" higVid eZg WVbW^c^ hj jc bîd YZaaV XjaijgV X^cZhZ# EZg Æ:\îid bV^ k^hidÇ/ h^ hdcd dg\VcôoVi^ Z \Zhiî^ aVWdgVidg^ XgZVi^k^ eZg VYjai^! ^chZ\cVci^! [Vb^\a^Z! hXjdaZ eZg XdcdhXZgZ Z XdbegZcYZgZ VheZi" i^ hidg^X^ Z XjaijgVaZ YZaaÉVci^Xd :\îid# >c eVgi^XdaVgZ aZ kdadciVg^Z ]Vccd egd\ZiiVid jcV ÆXVXX^V Va iZhdgdÇ eZg [Vb^\a^Z! aVWdgVidg^ Y^ \Zgd\a^ÒX^! Y^ bVhX]ZgZ [jcZgVg^Z Z Y^ VbjaZi^# =Vccd XdaaVWdgVid VaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZaaV ejWWa^XVo^dcZ YZaaÉZYj7dd`! bViZg^VaZ Y^ Veegd[dcY^bZcid g^kdaid V\a^ ^chZ\cVci^ Z Va ejWWa^Xd VYjaid# :É hiViV ^cXgZbZciViV! ^cdaigZ! aÉd[[ZgiV Y^YVii^XV g^kdaiV Va ijg^hbd hXdaV" hi^Xd Xdc eZgXdgh^ Y^ XdcdhXZcoV YZa XVhiZaad# Hdcd hiViZ ed^ YZY^XViZ k^hîZ Va XVhiZaad g^kdaiZ V b^\gVci^ Z Vii^kî| Y^ XdcdhXZcoV YZa XVhiZaad Xdc aÉjhd Y^ bViZg^Va^ deZgVi^k^ g^kdai^ VaaZ [Vb^" \a^Z# >c eVgi^XdaVgZ ]Vccd heZg^bZciVid! bdcîdgVid Z kVajiVid VcX]Z ViigVkZghd ^ciZgk^hiZ Z fjZhi^dcVg^ jcÉVii^kî| eZg [Vb^\a^Z YZcdb^cViV ÆJc kdad hjaaV idggZÇ# <gVo^Z VaaV egZhZcoV YZaaZ kdadciVg^Z hiVid XgZVid jc >c[ded^ci YZa bjhZd! \Zhiîd YVaaZ gV\VooZ hiZhhZ! X]Z hjXXZhh^kVbZciZ ]V Xd^ckdaid VcX]Z jcV YêZcYZciZ YZa bjhZd! Xdc aÉ^ciZcid Y^ VXXd\a^ZgZ ^ k^hîVidg^! dg^ZciVga^ Z Xdch^\a^Vga^ hj eZgXdgh^ Y^ k^hîV! Vii^kî| bjhZVa^! ZiX# Hdcd hiViZ hkâjeeViZ higViZ\^Z Z bdYVaî| Y^ ^cYV\^cZ hj^ ejWWa^X^ YZa bjhZd! eZg ^cY^k^YjVgZ bdYVaî| Y^ k^hîV! Zh^\ZcoZ [dgbVi^kZ Z Xgî^Xî|! cdcX] XdcdhXZgZ VheZii^ Z ^ciZgZhh^ YZ^ ejWWa^X^ VhhZci^ YVa bjhZd0 Hdcd hiVi^ ediZco^Vi^ higjbZci^ Z g^hdghZ! fjVa^ aV XViVad\Vo^dcZ Z aÉVg" X]^k^Vo^dcZ Y^ YVi^ Z ^bbV\^c^ gZaVi^kZ Va eVig^bdc^d XjaijgVaZ! fjVa^ cZXZhhVg^Z [dci^ Y^ YdXjbZciVo^dcZ Z XdcdhXZcoV eZg Xdhigj^gZ egded" hiZ Y^ [gjô^dcZ

> EGDI6<DC>HI>

6 #9#6 #

96C>:A6 8DC8> 9>:<D H6A>OODC>

6 #9#D#8 # C6O>DC6A:

8A6J9>6 K><6CD >G:C: >D7

6GI:<>DK6C:

<6>6 9: BJO>D H6BJ:A: <>DK6C:AA> )-

8>K>86 9> IG:CID

H6AKD K>DA6 ADG:COD K6A86CDK:G

6 HHD8>6O>DC: K6AA: 6E:GI6

A6JG6 B6<C6<J6<CD 96K>9 B>8=:A> B6GI>C6 C>8DAD9> H:76HI>6C C6G9DC

6O>:C96 EGDK>C8>6A: eZg ^ H:GK>O> H6C>I6G>

B6CJ:A6 7D:O>D B6GI>C6 EGDHH:G> B6HH>BD ADG:CO> H67G>C6 86CI6IDG: H6G6 B6G<DC> K:GDC>86 BDCI>7:AA:G

<>DK6CC> :C9G>OO> A6K>H

ADG:CO6 ADC6 A6JG6 8=>C> K6A:CI>C6 <J6GC>:G>

6 HHD8 >6O>DC: EGD9><>D

6C9G:6 IGJ6CI I>O>6C6 <>G6G9> *&

6 HHD8 >6O>DC: EGDK>C8>6A: E:G > B>CDG>

K6A:CI>CD B6<6<C> HI:;6CD C:<G> ;G6C8:H86 H6G6 =:>96G>C>6

6 HHD8 >6O>DC: H> B>CDG:

69G>6C6 7:GI> 6A6C G6K6C:AA> *'

J#8 #I#

96C>:A: H6CIJA>6C6 I>O>6CD <G:<DGN E:GJ<>C> :A>H6 OJ886II> 6G>6CC6 86A9DC6OO>

7>7A>DI:86 8DBJC6A: 9> 7G:CIDC>8D

K6A:CI>C6 E>A6I> :A:DCDG6 7JII><A>DC: *(

86G>I6 H

B>8=:A6 9:<>6BE>:IGD

B6GI 9> GDK:G:ID

:A:C6 8=>C:AA6ID <>JA>6 96CI> ;:9:G>86 96AA6EDGI6 K6A:G>6 B6G8=> C>8DA:II6 76G7>:G> *)

<>G6 HDA:

>K6C 76II>HI>

DE:G6 GDB6C>

<6>6 A>7:G6 BDC>86 86H86G6CD GDH6G>6 E6A69>CD ;67G>O>D <6AK6<C> ;:9:G>8D H86GE>C6ID

6 # I#6 #H#

9:7DG6 O6C9DC6> B6G8D D7:GDHA:G K6A:CI>C6 7GJ<C6G6

8 6 H 6 O6 B 7 > 6 H >

;:9:G>86 E:C6H6 B6G6 B6886C> *+

8DBJC: 9> 6C96AD

DA>K:G E68:

8DBJC: 9> 6G8D

6A7:GID <>AA> HI:;6CD 86C6A>

8DBJC: 9> 9GD

B>G@D B6II:DII> A6JG6 B6G>C:AA> *,

8DBJC: 9> IG:CID

HJH6CC6 86A9DC6OO> ?68DED 6A;>:G> 6A:HH6C9GD E:G>C> 8=>6G6 O6B7>6H> 8DHI6CO6 <6G:K:AA>

8DBJC: 9> IG:CID

B6HH>B>A>6CD ;:AA:G H6G6 6B7GDH> B6G>6 <G6O>6 <>68DBDC> B6HH>B>A>6CD 9:86GA> H>AK>6 I6GI:G *-

K>AA6 B6G>6

8=>6G6 ADG6C9> I6I>6C6 ADC<D <>696 8>:8= I:G:H6 9: H6CID

K>AA6 H#><C6O>D

B6G8D 7:GG6 NA:C>6 7:II:<6 <>DG96CD <>6G9> :A>H67:II6 <>G6G9> B6GI>C6 GD6I 76G76G6 K>CIG>8> <>JA>6 ODII:A:

H#6 #9#

>A:C>6 76A9:HH6G> A6JG6 A6G8=:G I6C>6 H:EE> B6GI>C6 HE6<CDAA>

DAIG:

;:9:G>86 86E:AA> +&

BJH:D IG>9:CI>CD 9> H8>:CO: C6IJG6A>

<>DK6CC> 6<DHI>C> A>H6 6C<:A>C> B6GI>C6 76II6C :A>H6 8=>HIÝ B6GI>C6 ;DCI6C6G> B6GI6 <:CC6GD <>JH:EE: B:C:<DO

BJH:D IG>9:CI>CD 9> H8>:CO: C6IJG6A>

G68=:A: EA6C@ G>886G9D I>99> GDHH6C6 ID9:H8D AJ86 IDA9D

6 HHD8>6O>DC: DG6IDG>D 9> H 6 C I É 6 C ID C > D

:A:C6 C>8DA>C> +(

@6A:>9DH8DE>D

86GA6 6G<:CO>6CD 8=>6G6 86AA>6G> >G:C: 96A8DABD AJ86 <G>H:CI> :A:C6 AJC6G9:AA> 6G>6CC6 E6CODA6ID B>8=:A: H:<6II6

> B>C>EDA>;DC68>

6A:HH6C9GD 6GCDA9D 6C9G:6 9É 6B6ID 6A>8: C6G9:AA> ;G:9>6C6 EG>B6K:H>

8DC#HDA>96

B>G>6B 7G6CO C>8DA6 G>OO> +*

AÉ6C8DG6

B6G>6 6GB6C> K6HH>AN 7GDCO>C>

A6 G:I:

:A:DCDG6 6GB6C> H>AK>6 ;DGC6H>C>

8DBJC: 9> A6K6 GDC:

;G6C8:H8D 6OODA>C> :A>H6 7:GIDA9> ++

K>AA6<<>D HDH

<>JA>6 H676>C> 96C>:A6 IDC:OO:G <>JA>6 IJGG>C6 C6I6H8>6 O6C<6C>

A6 H;:G6

H>AK>6 <>G6G9> ;G6C8:H86 BDA>C6G> +,

J76A96 7:II>C> <>G:AA6

6G:H 696B> 6CC6 86C6A H:G:C6 8DHI6 <>6C;>A>EED GJ77J6CD G6;;6:A: IJ88>6G:AA>

>A 7J86C:K:

HI:;6C>6 6A:HH> B:GN E>88>C:AA> +-

;DC96O>DC: ;6B><A>6 B6I:GC6

6C9G:6 HE:O>6A> :HI:G I:9:H8D

>HI>IJID 8DBEG:CH>KD 9> EG>B>:GD

<>68DBD 7DC<G6O>D

<GJEED D6 H> 9> 869>C:

H6G6 <J696<C>C> H6G6= K>II> +.

EJCID 9É6EEGD9D

6CC6A>H6 7DBB6GI>C> HDC>6 <>6G> 6C9G:6 HI:;6CD <G6O>DA6 8=>6G6 HDB6 B6G>6 8=>6G6 O6CDC

E:G>H8DE>D

86I:G>C6 HI:;6C> :A>H67:II6 I699:D ,%

<IK

6C6=> 7G>96 6C<:A6 8DHADE

H#ADG:COD : H# B6G>6 9:AA6 B>H:G>8DG9>6

6C9G:6 ;G6CO 7J;;6 6A:HH>6 E6HFJ6OOD B6GI>C6 G>OO>

8DBJC: 9> A6K>H

:A:DCDG6 9: B6GI>CD AJ86 H>8=:G 96K>9: E>H:II6

DG6IDG>D 9> B:OOD8DGDC6

=67J76@6G 6C9G:6 @6>A: 96K>9: ;DCI6C6 ,'

DE:G6 JC>K:GH>I6G>6 9> IG:CID

=:B>AN ;DC<6GDAA> <>68DBD B6G8=>DG:AAD AJ6C6 B6II:>

JC>K:GH>I多 9> IG:CID

A6JG6 86H6G> H6G6 B:C:H86G9> 8DHI6CO6 B>DI:AAD

8GD8: 7>6C86 9> IG:CID

B6II:D =6EE68=:G 96C>:A: E:AA:<G>C> ;G6C8:H86 HD:I:G7D:@

<#H#=#

GD7:GI6 B6<C6<D 6A:HH>6 EG69: AJ6C6 HE69DC>

A: A:<<>

A6 A:<<: C6O>DC6A:

A# + bVgod '%%&! c# +) & #

>HI>IJO>DC: 9:A H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: C6O>DC6A: ' 8Ved > " 9^hedhô^dc^ gZaVi^kZ VaaV ^hiîjo^dcZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ CVo^dcVaZ &# Eg^cX e^ Z ÒcVaî|# &# Ý ^hiîjîd â hZgkô^d X^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ ÒcVaôoVid V/ V XdcXdggZgZ! ^c VaiZgcVi^kV Va hZgkô^d bâîVgZ dWWa^\Vidg^d! VaaV Y^[ZhV YZaaV EVig^V Xdc bZo" o^ ZY Vii^kî| cdc bâîVg^0 W [Vkdg^gZ aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZ^ eg^cX e^ Xdhiîjo^dcVa^ Y^ hda^YVg^Zi| hdX^VaZ0 X egdbjdkZgZ aV hda^YVg^Zi| Z aV XddeZgVo^dcZ! V a^kZaad cVo^dcVaZ ZY ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ! Xdc eVgi^XdaVgZ g^\jVgYd VaaV ijiZaV YZ^ Y^gîi^ hdX^Va^! V^ hZgkô^ VaaV eZghdcV ZY VaaV ZYjXVo^dcZ VaaV eVXZ [gV ^ ededa^0 Y eVgiZXêVgZ VaaV hVakV\jVgY^V Z ijiZaV YZa eVig^bdc^d YZaaV CVo^dcZ! Xdc eVgi^XdaVgZ g^\jVgYd V^ hZiidg^ VbW^ZciVaZ! VcX]Z hdiid aÉVheZiid YZaaÉV\g^XdaijgV ^c odcV Y^ bdciV\cV! [dgZhiVaZ! hidg^Xd"Vgi^hi^Xd! XjaijgVaZ Z YZaaV egdiZo^dcZ X^kâZ0 Z Xdcig^Wj^gZ VaaV [dgbVo^dcZ X^k^XV! hdX^VaZ! XjaijgVaZ Z egd[Zhh^dcVaZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ bZY^VciZ Vii^kî| hkdaiZ VcX]Z ^c Zci^ ZY Vbb^c^higVo^dc^ deZgVci^ VaaÉZhiZgd# """""""""""""""""""""""

'# 9ZaZ\V Va <dkZgcd# &# 6 YZXdggZgZ YVaaV YViV YZaaV hdheZch^dcZ YZa hZgkô^d dWWa^\Vidg^d bâîVgZ Y^ aZkV! â hZgkô^d X^kâZ egZhiVid hj WVhZ ZhXajh^kVbZciZ kdadciVg^V# '# >a <dkZgcd YZaZ\Vid VY ZbVcVgZ! Zcigd YdY^X^ bZh^ YVaaV YViV Y^ ZcigViV ^c k^\dgZ YZaaV egZhZciZ aZ\\Z! jcd d e^ YZXgZi^ aZ\^haVi^k^ VkZci^ VY d\\Ziid/ aV ^cY^k^YjVo^dcZ YZ^ hd\\Zii^ VbbZhh^ V egZhiVgZ kdadciVg^VbZciZ hZgkô^d X^kâZ0 aV YZÒcô^dcZ YZaaZ bdYVaî| Y^ VXXZhhd V YZiid hZgkô^d0 aV YjgViV YZa hZgkô^d hiZhhd! ^c gZaVo^dcZ VaaZ Y^[[ZgZci^ iêdad\^Z Y^ egd\Zii^ Y^ ^be^Z\d0 ^ XdggZaVi^ igViiVbZci^ \^jg^Y^X^ ZY ZXdcdb^X^ ( # (# > YZXgZi^ aZ\^haVi^k^ Y^ Xj^ Va XdbbV ' hdcd ZbVcVi^ cZa g^heZiid YZ^ eg^cX e^ Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad & Z hZXdcYd ^ hZ\jZci^ XgîZg^/ V Vbb^hh^dcZ Va hZgkô^d X^kâZ kdadciVg^d Y^ jdb^c^ Z YdccZ hjaaV WVhZ Y^ gZfj^hî^ d\\Zii^k^ Z cdc Y^hXg^b^cVidg^! cZ^ a^bî^ YZaaZ Y^hedc^Wâî| ÒcVco^Vg^Z egZk^hiZ VccjVabZciZ0 W YZiZgb^cVo^dcZ YZa igViiVbZcid \^jg^Y^Xd ZY ZXdcdb^Xd YZ^ kdadciVg^ ^c hZgkô^d X^kâZ! iZcZcYd Xdcid YZa igViiVbZcid g^hZgkVid Va eZghdcVaZ bâîVgZ kdadciVg^d ^c [ZgbV VccjVaZ Z cZ^ a^bî^ YZaaZ Y^hedc^Wâî| ÒcVco^Vg^Z Y^ Xj^ Va ;dcYd cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ0 X [jco^dcVaî| YZ^ WZcZ[ X^ g^XdcdhX^ji^ V^ kdadciVg^ cZa [Vkdg^gZ ad hkâjeed [dgbVi^kd Z egd[Zhh^dcVaZ Z aÉ^c\gZhhd cZa bdcYd YZa aVkdgd! iZcZcYd Xdcid Y^ fjVcid egZk^hid eZg ^ kdadciVg^ ^c [ZgbV YZaaZ ;dgoZ VgbViZ0 Y jiâî| hdX^VaZ YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ cZ^ Y^kZgh^ hZiidg^ Y^ ^be^Z\d! VcX]Z ^c Zci^ ZY Vbb^c^higVo^dc^ deZgVci^ VaaÉZhiZgd0 Z [jco^dcVaî| Z VYZ\jViZooV YZaaV YjgViV YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ! cZ^ Y^kZgh^ hZiidg^ Y^ ^be^Z\d! cZa g^heZiid YZ^ XgîZg^ Y^ Xj^ VaaZ aZiiZgZ X Z Y 0 [ egZk^h^dcZ X]Z ^ YZXgZi^ aZ\^haVi^k^ Y^ Xj^ Va egZhZciZ Vgi^Xdad VXfj^hi^cd Z[ÒXVX^V YV YViV jiâZ V XdchZci^gcZ â gVXXdgYd Xdc aV X]^VbViV VaaZ Vgb^ YZaaÉjai^bd hXV\a^dcZ Y^ \^dkVc^ Y^ aZkV0 \ Xdc[ZgbV YZaaZ Y^hedhô^dc^ YZaaV aZ\\Z - aj\a^d &..-! c# '(%! Z YZa YZXgZid"aZ\\Z &+ hZiiZbWgZ &...! c# (')! XdckZgiîd! Xdc bdY^ÒXVo^dc^! YVaaV aZ\\Z &' cdkZbWgZ &...! c# )')! ^c fjVcid XdbeVi^Wâ^ Xdc aV egZhZciZ aZ\\Z0 ] egZk^h^dcZ YZaaV Y^hXêa^cV YV Veea^XVgZ ^c XVhd Y^ gZ^cigdYjo^dcZ YZa hZgkô^d bâîVgZ dWWa^\Vidg^d! Xdc eVgi^XdaVgZ g^[Zg^bZcid V\a^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV0 ^ \VgVco^V Y^ VcVad\]Z XdcYô^dc^ igV â hZgkô^d X^kâZ Z fjZaad bâîVgZ ^c g^[Zg^bZcid VaaV hXZaiV kdXVo^dcVaZ! VaaV hXZaiV YZaaÉVgZV cZaaV fjVaZ egZhiVgZ hZgkô^d! V\a^ dgVg^ Y^ hZgkô^d Z eZg â iZbed a^WZgd0 a egZk^h^dcZ YZa Y^gîid eZg \a^ VeeVgiZcZci^ VaaZ b^cdgVcoZ a^c\j^hi^X]Z Y^ hkda\ZgZ â hZgkô^d cZa iZggîdg^d Y^ ^chZY^VbZcid YZaaV g^heZii^kV b^cdgVcoV# )# <a^ hX]Zb^ YZ^ YZXgZi^ aZ\^haVi^k^ Y^ Xj^ Va XdbbV ' hdcd igVhbZhh^ Va HZcVid YZaaV GZejWWa^XV Z VaaV 8VbZgV YZ^ YZejiVi^ eZgX] hj Y^ Zhh^ h^V ZhegZhhd! Zcigd igZciV \^dgc^ YVaaV g^XZo^dcZ! â eVgZgZ YZaaZ 8dbb^hh^dc^ eVgaVbZciVg^ XdbeZiZci^# *# 8dc YZXgZid YZa EgZh^YZciZ YZa 8dch^\a^d YZ^ b^c^hig^! ZbVcVid Xdc aZ bdYVaî| Y^ Xj^

& EjWWa^XViV cZaaV <Voo# J[[# '' VaaÉVgi^Xdad +! hdcd hiVWâî^ ^ gZfj^hî^ Y^ Vbb^hh^dcZ Va hZgkô^d X^kâZ ^c gZaVo^dcZ VaaZ Y^[[ZgZci^ bVgod '%%&! c# +-# iêdad\^Z Y^ ^be^Z\d# ' KZY^! VcX]Z! aÉVgi# )%! A# ', Y^XZbWgZ '%%'! c# '-. ( >c ViijVo^dcZ YZaaV YZaZ\V Y^ Xj^ Va egZhZciZ XdbbV! kZY^ â 9#A\h# * VegâZ '%%'! c# ,,

""""""""""""""""""""""""

A6 A:<<: C6O>DC6A: (# :ci^ Z dg\VcôoVo^dc^ eg^kVi^# &# <a^ Zci^ Z aZ dg\VcôoVo^dc^ eg^kVi^ X]Z ^ciZcYdcd egZhZciVgZ egd\Zii^ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ kdadciVg^d YZkdcd edhhZYZgZ ^ hZ\jZci^ gZfj^hî^/ V VhhZcoV Y^ hXded Y^ ajXgd0 W XVeVXî| dg\VcôoVi^kV Z edhh^Wâî| YÉ^be^Z\d ^c gVeedgid Va hZgkô^d X^kâZ kdadciVg^d0 X Xdgg^hedcYZcoV igV ^ egdeg^ Òc^ ^hiîjo^dcVa^ Z aZ ÒcVaî| Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad &0 Y hkda\^bZcid Y^ jcÉVii^kî| Xdci^cjVi^kV YV VabZcd igZ Vcc^#

("W^h# HVco^dc^ Vbb^c^higVi^kZ# &# <a^ Zci^ Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad ( hdcd iZcji^ V XddeZgVgZ eZg aÉZ[ÒX^ZciZ \Zhi^dcZ YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ Z aV XdggZiiV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZ^ egd\Zii^# '# 6\a^ Zci^ X]Z k^da^cd â YdkZgZ Y^ Xj^ Va XdbbV &! ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ cdc dhhZgkVcYd aZ egdXZYjgZ Z aZ cdgbZ egZk^hiZ eZg aV hZaZo^dcZ YZ^ kdadciVg^! dkkZgd k^daVcYd fjZaaZ eZg aZ bdYVaî| Y^ ^be^Z\d YZ^ kdadciVg^! d cdc gZVaôoVcYd ^c ijiid d ^c eVgiZ ^ egd\Zii^ dkkZgd aZYZcYd aV Y^\cî| YZa kdadciVg^d! h^ Veea^XVcd jcV d e^ YZaaZ hZ\jZci^ hVco^dc^ Vbb^c^higVi^kZ/ V Y^[ÒYV eZg ^hXgîid! Xdch^hiZciZ ^c jc [dgbVaZ ^ckîd V jc^[dgbVgh^0 W gZkdXV YZa egdkkZY^bZcid Y^ VeegdkVo^dcZ YZa egd\Ziid! Xdc Y^[ÒYV V egdhZ\j^gcZ aZ Vii^kî|0 X ^ciZgYô^dcZ iZbedgVcZV V egZhZciVgZ Vaig^ egd\Zii^ Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ YZaaV YjgViV Y^ jc Vccd0 Y XVcXZaaVo^dcZ YVaaÉVaWd YZ\a^ Zci^ Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ# (# AZ hVco^dc^ Y^ Xj^ Va XdbbV ' hdcd Veea^XViZ! egZk^V XdciZhiVo^dcZ YZ\a^ VYYZWî^ Z ÒhhVo^dcZ Y^ jc iZgb^cZ eZg XdcigdYZYjggZ cdc ^c[Zg^dgZ V igZciV \^dgc^ Z cdc hjeZg^dgZ V fjVgVciVX^cfjZ! YVaaÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ d YVaaZ gZ\^dc^ d YVaaZ egdk^cXZ VjidcdbZ Y^ IgZcid Z Y^ 7daoVcd! cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaZ g^heZii^kZ XdbeZiZcoZ! ^c dgY^cZ egdedgo^dcVaZ Z XgZhXZciZ! hZXdcYd aV \gVkî| YZa [Viid! aV hjV gZîZgVo^dcZ! â \gVYd Y^ kdadciVg^Zi| d Y^ XdaeV! \a^ Z[[Zii^ egdYdii^h^# AV hVco^dcZ YZaaV XVcXZaaVo^dcZ YVaaÉVaWd YZ\a^ Zci^ Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ Y^hedhiV hdad ^c XVhd Y^ eVgi^XdaVgZ \gVkî| YZaaZ XdcYdiiZ XdciZhiViZ ZY ^beZY^hXZ aV gZ^hXgô^dcZ YZaaÉZciZ cZaaÉVaWd eZg X^cfjZ Vcc^ ) # """"""""""""""""""""""""

8Ved >> " 9^hXêa^cV YZa eZg^dYd igVchîdg^d )# 6bWîd Y^ Veea^XVo^dcZ# &# AZ Y^hedhô^dc^ YZa egZhZciZ 8Ved Y^hXêa^cVcd â hZgkô^d X^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ Òcd VaaV YViV Y^ Z[ÒXVX^V YZ^ YZXgZi^ aZ\^haVi^k^ Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad '# """""""""""""""""""""""" *# 6bb^hh^dcZ Va hZgkô^d X^kâZ# &# CZa eZg^dYd Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad )! hdcd hd\\Zii^ VaaÉdWWa^\d Y^ egZhiVgZ hZgkô^d X^kâZ! daigZ V^ XîiVY^c^ Y^ Xj^ VaaV aZ\\Z - aj\a^d &..-! c# '(%! ^ XîiVY^c^! VWâ^ Va hZgkô^d bâîVgZ Y^ aZkV! X]Z Y^X]^Vg^cd aV adgd egZ[ZgZcoV V egZhiVgZ â hZgkô^d X^kâZ e^jiidhid X]Z â hZgkô^d bâîVgZ! ejgX] cdc g^hjai^cd cZXZhhVg^ Va hdYY^h[VX^bZcid YZaaZ Zh^\ZcoZ fjVaîVi^kZ Z fjVciîVi^kZ YZaaZ ;dgoZ VgbViZ! ^k^ XdbegZhZ fjZaaZ YZa hZgkô^d Vjhâ^Vg^d Y^ aZkV YZaaZ ;dgoZ Y^ edaô^V Z YZa 8dged cVo^dcVaZ YZ^ k^\â^ YZa [jdXd Z XdbjcfjZ cZ^ a^bî^ YZa Xdci^c\ZciZ YZÒcîd V^ hZch^ YZaaÉVgi^Xdad +# '# CZa bZYZh^bd eZg^dYd Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad )! â <dkZgcd edig| ^cXgZbZciVgZ â cjbZgd YZ\a^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV YZhi^cVi^ V^ Xdbjc^! V g^X]^ZhiV YZ^ Xdbjc^ hiZhh^! VcX]Z ^c ZXXZYZcoV g^heZiid V fjVcid hiVWâîd YVaaZ XdckZco^dc^ hjhh^hiZci^! Vii^c\ZcYd igV Xdadgd X]Z VWW^Vcd ZheaZiVid â egZk^hid eZg^dYd Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ cZ^ Xdbjc^ hiZhh^# > Xdbjc^ ^ciZgZhhVi^ egdkkZYdcd! Xdc aZ g^hdghZ YZa egdeg^d WâVcX^d! V^ gZaVi^k^ dcZg^ ÒcVco^Vg^# (# CZa WVcYd Y^ X]^VbViV VaaV aZkV! egZY^hedhid YVa B^c^hiZgd YZaaV Y^[ZhV! [ViiV Zhea^XîV bZco^dcZ YZaaV edhh^Wâî| Y^ Zheg^bZgZ aV egZ[ZgZcoV eZg â hZgkô^d bâîVgZ d eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ! cdcX] Y^ deiVgZ! cZaaÉ|bWîd Y^ fjZhiÉjai^bd! eZg aÉdW^Zo^dcZ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV# CZa bZYZh^bd WVcYd hdcd gêdgiViZ ^c bdYd X]^Vgd aZ XdcYô^dc^ Y^ Vbb^hh^dcZ Va hZgkô^d X^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ egZk^hiZ YVaaV egZhZciZ aZ\\Z# )# Hdcd VbbZhh^ V egZhiVgZ hZgkô^d X^kâZ hj WVhZ kdadciVg^V! YZaaV YjgViV Y^ YdY^X^ bZh^! hZ \^jY^XVi^ ^YdcZ^ YV\a^ dg\Vc^ YZa HZgkô^d hVcîVg^d cVo^dcVaZ Xdc g^[Zg^bZcid Vaad heZX^ÒXd hZiidgZ Y^ ^be^Z\d Z XdbjcfjZ cZ^ a^bî^ YZa Xdci^c\ZciZ YZÒcîd V^ hZch^ YZaaÉVgi^Xdad +/ V aZ XîiVY^cZ îVa^VcZ X]Z cZ [Vccd g^X]^ZhiV Z X]Z Va bdbZcid Y^ egZhZciVgZ aV YdbVcYV ]Vccd Xdbe^jid â Y^X^diiZh^bd Vccd Y^ Zi| Z cdc hjeZgVid â kZci^hZ^Zh^bd0 W ^ XîiVY^c^ g^[dgbVi^ eZg ^cVWâî| Va hZgkô^d bâîVgZ! VcX]Z hjXXZhh^kVbZciZ VaaV X]^VbViV VaaZ ) 6gi^Xdad V\\^jcid YVaaÉVgi# +" Vgb^ d ^c edhô^dcZ Y^ Xdc\ZYd âa^bîVid egdkk^hdg^d! hZ cdc ]Vccd hjeZgVid â kZci^hZ^Zh^bd fj^cfj^Zh! 9#A# (& \ZccV^d '%%*! Vccd YÉZi|# c# ,! cZa iZhid ^ciZ\gVid YVaaV gZaVi^kV aZ\\Z Y^ XdckZgh^dcZ#

""""""""""""""""""""""""

A6 A:<<: C6O>DC6A: +# 9ZiZgb^cVo^dcZ YZa Xdci^c\ZciZ# &# 8dc YZXgZid YZa EgZh^YZciZ YZa 8dch^\a^d YZ^ b^c^hig^! YV VYdiiVgZ V^ hZch^ YZaaÉVgi^Xdad .! XdbbV '"fjViZg! YZaaV aZ\\Z - aj\a^d &..-! c# '(%! Z hjXXZhh^kZ bdY^ÒXVo^dc^! hiVWâîV! cZ^ a^bî^ YZaaZ Y^hedc^Wâî| ÒcVco^Vg^Z YZa ;dcYd cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ! aV Xdch^hiZcoV YZa Xdci^c\ZciZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ VbbZhh^ Va hZgkô^d X^kâZ cZa eZg^dYd egZk^hid YVaaÉVgi^Xdad )! ^cXajYZcYdk^ eg^dgîVg^VbZciZ ^ \^dkVc^ X]Z ]Vccd deiVid eZg aÉdW^Zo^dcZ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV V^ hZch^ YZaaV egZYZiiV aZ\\Z c# '(% YZa &..- * # '# >a B^c^hiZgd YZaaV Y^[ZhV! hjaaV WVhZ Y^ ^ciZhZ Xdc aÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ! igVhbZiiZ V fjZhiÉjai^bd ^ cdb^cVi^k^ YZ^ \^dkVc^ Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad *! XdbbV &# * >c ViijVo^dcZ Y^ fjVcid Y^hedhid YVa egZhZciZ XdbbV kZY^ â 9#E#8#B# &% V\dhid '%%&! â 9#E#8#B# '* \ZccV^d '%%'! â 9#E#8#B# &, aj\a^d '%%(! â 9#E#8#B# ) [ZWWgV^d '%%) Z â 9#E#8#B# '( [ZWWgV^d '%%*#

""""""""""""""""""""""""

,# J[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ# &# AÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ! Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad - YZaaV aZ\\Z - aj\a^d &..-! c# '(%! XjgV aÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ! aÉViijVo^dcZ Z ad hkda\^bZcid YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ! Òcd VaaV Xdhiîjo^dcZ YZaaÉ6\Zco^V eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad &%! XdbbV ,! YZa YZXgZid aZ\^haVi^kd (% aj\a^d &...! c# (%(# '# EZg aZ ÒcVaî| Y^ Xj^ Va XdbbV &! aÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ VeegdkV ^ egd\Zii^ Y^ ^be^Z\d egZY^hedhi^ YVaaZ Vbb^c^higVo^dc^ hiViVa^ Z gZ\^dcVa^ Z YVaaZ egdk^cXZ VjidcdbZ Y^ IgZcid Z Y^ 7daoVcd! cdcX] YV\a^ Zci^ adXVa^ Z YV\a^ Vaig^ Zci^ ^c edhhZhhd YZ^ gZfj^hî^ Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad && YZaaV aZ\\Z c# '(% YZa &..-! Vhh^XjgVcYd Z XddgY^cVcYd aV XdZgZcoV Y^ egd\Zii^ Z XdckZco^dc^ Xdc aZ ÒcVaî| YZaaV egZhZciZ aZ\\Z Z aV egd\gVbbVo^dcZ cVo^dcVaZ# (# AZ heZhZ Y^ [jco^dcVbZcid YZaaÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ hdcd YZÒcîZ Xdc YZXgZid YZa EgZh^YZciZ YZa 8dch^\a^d YZ^ b^c^hig^ cZa a^bîZ bVhh^bd YZa * eZg XZcid YZaaZ g^hdghZ ÒcVco^Vg^Z YZa ;dcYd cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ! Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad &&! XdbbV &! aZiiZgV V # )# Ad hiVijid YZaaÉ6\Zco^V Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad &%! XdbbV ,! YZa YZXgZid aZ\^haVi^kd (% aj\a^d &...! c# (%(! egZkZYZ aV Xdhiîjo^dcZ Y^ hZY^ YZaaV hiZhhV 6\Zco^V cZaaZ gZ\^dc^ Z cZaaZ egdk^cXZ VjidcdbZ Y^ IgZcid Z Y^ 7daoVcd! YdiViZ Y^ Vjidcdb^V \Zhi^dcVaZ Z deZgVi^kV! egZkZYZcYd VcX]Z [dgbZ Y^ XdchjaiVo^dcZ Xdc aZ gZ\^dc^! aZ egdk^cXZ VjidcdbZ Z \a^ Zci^ adXVa^# """"""""""""""""""""""""

-# 9^hedhô^dc^ ^ciZ\gVi^kZ ZY ViijVi^kZ# &# 8dc gZ\daVbZcid! YV VYdiiVgZ V^ hZch^ YZaaÉVgi^Xdad &,! XdbbV &! YZaaV aZ\\Z '( V\dhid &.--! c# )%%! Z hjXXZhh^kZ bdY^ÒXVo^dc^! hdcd YZiZgb^cVi^/ aZ XVgViiZg^hi^X]Z Z \a^ hiVcYVgY Y^ jiâî| hdX^VaZ YZ^ egd\Zii^ Y^ ^be^Z\d0 ^ XgîZg^ eZg aV gêVgiô^dcZ YZ^ ÒcVco^VbZci^ cZXZhhVg^ VaaÉViijVo^dcZ YZ\a^ hiZhh^! iZcZcYd Xdcid YZaaZ XVeVXî| ÒcVco^Vg^Z YZaaÉZciZ egdedcZciZ! YZa cjbZgd YZ^ \^dkVc^ ^c hZgkô^d X^kâZ ^beZ\cVi^ cZ^ egd\Zii^ Z YZaaÉZhiZch^dcZ YZaaÉVgZV \Zd\gVÒXV ^ciZgZhhViV Va egd\Ziid! cdcX] YZaaV \VgVco^V Y^ VXXZhhd V^ ÒcVco^VbZci^ YV eVgiZ Y^ d\c^ gZ\^dcZ Z egdk^cX^V VjidcdbV! Va ÒcZ Y^ XdchZci^gZ X]Z aV gêVgiô^dcZ YZ^ ÒcVco^VbZci^ h^V Z[[ZiijViV ^c [jco^dcZ YZaaZ Zh^\ZcoZ d\\Zii^kVbZciZ eg^dgîVg^Z Z cdc hdaiVcid YZaaV egZhZciVo^dcZ YZ^ egd\Zii^0 aZ egdXZYjgZ Z aZ bdYVaî| eZg aZ Vii^kî| Y^ bdcîdgV\\^d! Xdcigdaad Z kZg^ÒXV YZaaV XdggZiiV \Zhi^dcZ YZ^ egd\Zii^ VeegdkVi^0 ^ XgîZg^ ^c WVhZ V^ fjVa^ â HZgkô^d hVcîVg^d cVo^dcVaZ kVajiV aÉ^YdcZî| VaaV egZhiVo^dcZ YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad *! XdbbV )# '# 8dc â gZ\daVbZcid Y^ Xj^ Va XdbbV & hdcd ^cY^k^YjVi^ \a^ dg\Vc^hb^ ^hiîjo^dcVa^ X]Z! hj g^X]^ZhiV! XdVY^jkVcd aZ Vbb^c^higVo^dc^ d \a^ Zci^ gZhedchVWâ^ YZaaV hiZhjgV YZ^ egd\Zii^ Y^ ^be^Z\d# (# 8dc â gZ\daVbZcid Y^ Xj^ Va XdbbV & h^ egdkkZYZ VaaÉVWgd\Vo^dcZ YZaaZ Y^hedhô^dc^ ^cXdbeVi^Wâ^ YZ^ gZ\daVbZci^ egZk^hi^ YVaaÉVgi^Xdad - YZaaV egZYZiiV aZ\\Z c# '(% YZa &..-# """"""""""""""""""""""""

.# HZgkô^d X^kâZ VaaÉZhiZgd# &# >a hZgkô^d X^kâZ ej ZhhZgZ hkdaid VaaÉZhiZgd egZhhd hZY^ dkZ hdcd gZVaôoVi^ egd\Zii^ Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ YV eVgiZ Y^ Vbb^c^higVo^dc^ ZY Zci^! Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad ,! XdbbV '! cZaaÉ|bWîd Y^ ^cô^Vi^kZ VhhjciZ YVaaÉJc^dcZ ZjgdeZV ^c bViZg^V Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ! cdcX] ^c higjiijgZ eZg ^ciZgkZci^ Y^ eVX^ÒXVo^dcZ Z XddeZgVo^dcZ [gV ^ ededa^! ^hiîjîZ YVaaV hiZhhV Jc^dcZ ZjgdeZV d YV dg\Vc^hb^ ^ciZgcVo^dcVa^ deZgVci^ Xdc aZ bZYZh^bZ ÒcVaî| V^ fjVa^ aÉ>iVa^V eVgiZXêV# GZhiV hVakd fjVcid egZk^hid YVaaV aZ\\Z - aj\a^d &..-! c# '(%# '# AV EgZh^YZcoV YZa 8dch^\a^d YZ^ b^c^hig^ YZÒc^hXZ aZ bdYVaî| Y^ hkda\^bZcid YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ VaaÉZhiZgd# """"""""""""""""""""""""

A6 A:<<: C6O>DC6A: &%# 7ZcZ[ X^ XjaijgVa^ Z egd[Zhh^dcVa^# &# EZg â eZg^dYd Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad )! V^ XîiVY^c^ X]Z egZhiVcd â hZgkô^d X^kâZ V fjVah^Vh^ iîdad h^ Veea^XVcd aZ Y^hedhô^dc^ Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad + YZaaV aZ\\Z - aj\a^d &..-! c# '(%# '# 8dc YZXgZid YZa EgZh^YZciZ YZa 8dch^\a^d YZ^ b^c^hig^! Y^ XdcXZgid Xdc â B^c^higd YZaaV ejWWa^XV ^higjo^dcZ hdcd YZiZgb^cVi^ ^ XgZYî^ [dgbVi^k^! eZg ^ XîiVY^c^ X]Z egZhiVcd â hZgkô^d X^kâZ d â hZgkô^d bâîVgZ Y^ aZkV! gâZkVci^! cZaaÉ|bWîd YZaaÉ^higjo^dcZ d YZaaV [dgbVo^dcZ egd[Zhh^dcVaZ! V^ Òc^ YZa Xdbe^bZcid Y^ eZg^dY^ dWWa^\Vidg^ Y^ egVi^XV egd[Zhh^dcVaZ d Y^ heZX^VaôoVo^dcZ! egZk^hi^ eZg aÉVXfj^hô^dcZ YZ^ iîda^ cZXZhhVg^ VaaÉZhZgXô^d Y^ heZX^ÒX]Z egd[Zhh^dc^ d bZhi^Zg^# (# AZ Jc^kZghî| YZ\a^ hijY^ edhhdcd g^XdcdhXZgZ XgZYî^ [dgbVi^k^! V^ Òc^ YZa XdchZ\j^bZcid Y^ iîda^ Y^ hijY^d YV ZhhZ gâVhX^Vi^! eZg Vii^kî| [dgbVi^kZ egZhiViZ cZa Xdghd YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ d bâîVgZ Y^ aZkV gâZkVci^ eZg â Xjgg^Xjajb YZ\a^ hijY^# """"""""""""""""""""""""

8Ved >>> " CdgbZ ÒcVco^Vg^Z Z ÒcVa^ &&# ;dcYd cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ# &# >a ;dcYd cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ Xdhiîjîd/ V YVaaV heZX^ÒXV VhhZ\cVo^dcZ VccjVaZ ^hXgîiV cZa WâVcX^d YZaad HiVid0 W YV\a^ hiVco^VbZci^ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ Y^ gZ\^dc^! egdk^cXZ! Zci^ adXVa^! Zci^ ejWWa^X^ Z [dcYVo^dc^ WVcXVg^Z0 X YVaaZ YdcVo^dc^ Y^ hd\\Zii^ ejWWa^X^ Z eg^kVi^# '# AZ g^hdghZ VXfj^hîZ Va ;dcYd Y^ Xj^ Va XdbbV &! Xdc aZ bdYVaî| Y^ Xj^ VaaZ aZiiZgZ W Z X YZa bZYZh^bd XdbbV edhhdcd ZhhZgZ k^cXdaViZ! V g^X]^ZhiV YZa Xdc[ZgZciZ! eZg ad hkâjeed YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ ^c VgZZ Z hZiidg^ Y^ ^be^Z\d heZX^ÒX^# (# P6 YZXdggZgZ YVaaV YViV ^c Xj^ VXfj^hiV Z[ÒXVX^V â eg^bd YZ^ YZXgZi^ aZ\^haVi^k^ Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad '! XdbbV '! aZ g^hdghZ YZa ;dcYd Y^ Xj^ Va XdbbV & XdcÓj^hXdcd cZa ;dcYd cVo^dcVaZ eZg aZ edaî^X]Z hdX^Va^ egZk^hid YVaaÉVgi^Xdad *.! XdbbV ))! YZaaV aZ\\Z ', Y^XZbWgZ &..,! c# )).! Z hjXXZhh^kZ bdY^ÒXVo^dc^R + # )# 6aaÉdcZgZ Y^ Xj^ VaaV aZiiZgV V YZa XdbbV & YZiZgb^cVid ^c a^gZ '(* bâ^VgY^ eZg aÉVccd '%%&! a^gZ ')% bâ^VgY^ eZg aÉVccd '%%' Z a^gZ '*% bâ^VgY^ V YZXdggZgZ YVaaÉVccd '%%(! h^ egdkkZYZ bZY^VciZ jiâôod YZaaZ Y^hedc^Wâî| ^hXgîiZ eZg \a^ Vcc^ bZYZh^b^ cZaaÉjcî| egZk^h^dcVaZ Y^ WVhZ &+#&#'#& »DW^Zo^dcZ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV¼ YZa XZcigd Y^ gZhedchVWâî| &+ YZaad hiVid Y^ egZk^h^dcZ YZa B^c^hiZgd YZa iZhdgd! YZa WâVcX^d Z YZaaV egd\gVbbVo^dcZ ZXdcdb^XV eZg aÉVccd '%%&! ^ciZcYZcYdh^ Xdgg^hedcYZciZbZciZ g^YdiiV aÉVjidgôoVo^dcZ Y^ heZhV Y^ Xj^ VaaV aZ\\Z - aj\a^d &..-! c# '(%# *# >a B^c^higd YZa iZhdgd! YZa WâVcX^d Z YZaaV egd\gVbbVo^dcZ ZXdcdb^XV VjidgôoVid VY VeedgiVgZ! Xdc egdeg^ YZXgZi^! aZ dXXdggZci^ kVg^Vo^dc^ Y^ WâVcX^d# """"""""""""""""""""""""

&'# CdgbZ VWgd\ViZ# &# 6aaÉVgi^Xdad )! XdbbV (! YZaaV aZ\\Z - aj\a^d &..-! c# '(%! hdcd VWgd\ViZ aZ eVgdaZ/ »;^cd Va (& Y^XZbWgZ &...¼# '# Ý VWgd\Vid aÉVgi^Xdad )+ YZaaV aZ\\Z ', Y^XZbWgZ &..,! c# )).! XdbZ bdY^ÒXVid YVaaÉVgi^Xdad &(! XdbbV '! YZaaV aZ\\Z ( V\dhid &...! c# '+*#

+ 8dbbV VWgd\Vid YVaaÉVgi# +"fj^cfj^Zh! 9#A# (& \ZccV^d '%%*! c# ,! cZa iZhid ^ciZ\gVid YVaaV gZaVi^kV aZ\\Z Y^ XdckZg" h^dcZ

>A 9:8G:ID

>A 9:8G:ID >A EG:H>9:CI: 9:AA6 G:EJ77A>86

9#A\h# *")"'%%' c# ,,

9^hXêa^cV YZa HZgkô^d X^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ V cdgbV YZaaÉVgi^Xdad ' YZaaV A# + bVgod '%%&! c# +) & # K^hi^ \a^ Vgi^Xda^ ,+ Z -, YZaaV 8dhiîjo^dcZ0 K^hiV aV aZ\\Z + bVgod '%%&! c# +)! ZY ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ aÉVgi^Xdad ' X]Z Xdc[Zg^hXZ Va <dkZgcd YZaZ\V VY ZbVcVgZ Y^hedhô^dc^ VkZci^ VY d\\Ziid aV ^cY^k^YjVo^dcZ YZ^ hd\\Zii^ VbbZhh^ V egZhiVgZ kdadciVg^VbZciZ hZgkô^d X^kâZ0 aV YZÒcô^dcZ YZaaZ bdYVaî| Y^ VXXZhhd V YZiid hZgkô^d0 aV YjgViV YZa hZgkô^d hiZhhd! ^c gZaVo^dcZ VaaZ Y^[[ZgZci^ iêdad\^Z Y^ egd\Zii^ Y^ ^be^Z\d0 ^ XdggZaVi^ igViiVbZci^ \^jg^Y^X^ ZY ZXdcdb^X^0 K^hiV aV aZ\\Z - aj\a^d &..-! c# '(%! Z hjXXZhh^kZ bdY^ÒXVo^dc^ ZY ^ciZ\gVo^dc^0 K^hid â YZXgZid aZ\^haVi^kd - bV\\^d '%%&! c# '&*! gZXVciZ Y^hedhô^dc^ eZg Y^hXêa^cVgZ aV igVh[dgbVo^dcZ egd\gZhh^kV YZaad higjbZcid bâîVgZ ^c egd[Zhh^dcVaZ V cdgbV YZaaÉVgi^Xdad (! XdbbV &! YZaaV aZ\\Z &) cdkZbWgZ '%%%! c# ((&0 K^hiV aV egZa^b^cVgZ YZa^WZgVo^dcZ YZa 8dch^\a^d YZ^ B^c^hig^! VYdiiViV cZaaV g^jc^dcZ YZa '& [ZWWgV^d '%%'0 K^hid â eVgZgZ YZaaV 8dc[ZgZcoV eZgbVcZciZ eZg ^ gVeedgi^ igV ad HiVid! aZ gZ\^dc^ Z aZ egdk^cXZ VjidcdbZ Y^ IgZcid Z Y^ 7daoVcd! V^ hZch^ YZa YZXgZid aZ\^haVi^kd '- V\dhid &..,! c# '-&0 6Xfj^hî^ ^ eVgZg^ YZaaZ XdbeZiZci^ 8dbb^hh^dc^ eZgbVcZci^ YZaaV 8VbZgV YZ^ YZejiVi^ Z YZa HZcVid YZaaV GZejWWa^XV0 K^hiV aV YZa^WZgVo^dcZ YZa 8dch^\a^d YZ^ B^c^hig^! VYdiiViV cZaaV g^jc^dcZ YZa '- bVgod '%%'0 K^hid â YZXgZid YZa EgZh^YZciZ YZa 8dch^\a^d YZ^ B^c^hig^ . V\dhid '%%&! ejWWa^XVid cZaaV <VooZiiV J[ÒX^VaZ c# &.- YZa ', V\dhid '%%&! Xdc â fjVaZ â B^c^higd eZg ^ gVeedgi^ Xdc â EVgaVbZcid hiVid YZaZ\Vid VY ZhZgXîVgZ ^ ediZg^ Viig^Wjî^ Va EgZh^YZciZ YZa 8dch^\a^d YZ^ B^c^hig^ YVaaZ A# - aj\a^d &..-! c# '(%! Z A# + bVgod '%%&! c# +)0 HjaaV egdedhiV YZa EgZh^YZciZ YZa 8dch^\a^d YZ^ B^c^hig^ Z! VY ^ciZg^b! B^c^higd YZ\a^ V[[Vg^ ZhiZg^ Z YZa B^c^higd eZg ^ gVeedgi^ Xdc â EVgaVbZcid! Y^ XdcXZgid Xdc ^ B^c^hig^ eZg \a^ V[[Vg^ gZ\^dcVa^! eZg aV [jco^dcZ ejWWa^XV! YZaaV hVajiZ Z YZa aVkdgd Z YZaaZ edaî^X]Z hdX^Va^0 :bVcV â hZ\jZciZ YZXgZid aZ\^haVi^kd/ """""""""""""""""""""""

&# 6bWîd Y^ Veea^XVo^dcZ Z YZÒcô^dc^# &# # AZ Y^hedhô^dc^ YZa egZhZciZ YZXgZid ^ciZ\gVcd! cZa g^heZiid YZ^ eg^cXê^ Z YZaaZ ÒcVaî| Z cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaZ Vii^kî| hiVWâî^ ZY ^cY^k^YjVi^ YVaaÉVgi^Xdad & YZaaV aZ\\Z + bVgod '%%&! c# +)! aZ k^\Zci^ cdgbZ eZg aÉViijVo^dcZ! aÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ Z ad hkda\^bZcid YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ fjVaZ bdYVaî| deZgVi^kV XdcXdggZciZ ZY VaiZgcVi^kV Y^ Y^[ZhV YZaad HiVid! Xdc bZoo^ ZY Vii^kî| cdc bâîVg^# # '# CZa egZhZciZ YZXgZid eZg »J[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ¼ h^ ^ciZcYZ aÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ ^hiîjîd YVaaÉVgi^Xdad - YZaaV aZ\\Z - aj\a^d &..-! c# '(%! Z YVaaÉVgi^Xdad '! XdbbV (! aZiiZgV \ ! YZaaV aZ\\Z + bVgod '%%&! c# +)0 eZg »;dcYd cVo^dcVaZ¼ h^ ^ciZcYZ â ;dcYd cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ ^hiîjîd YVaaÉVgi^Xdad && YZaaV aZ\\Z + bVgod '%%&! c# +)# """"""""""""""""""""""""

'# J[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ &# AÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ XjgV aÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ! aÉViijVo^dcZ Z ad hkda\^bZcid YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ! cdcX] aV egd\gVbbVo^dcZ! aÉ^cY^gôod! â XddgY^cVbZcid ZY â Xdcigdaad! ZaVWdgVcYd aZ Y^gZii^kZ ZY ^cY^k^YjVcYd \a^ dW^Zii^k^ YZ\a^ ^ciZgkZci^ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ hj hXVaV cVo^dcVaZ# '# AZ gZ\^dc^ Z aZ egdk^cXZ VjidcdbZ Y^ IgZcid Z Y^ 7daoVcd XjgVcd aÉViijVo^dcZ YZ\a^ ^ciZgkZci^ Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ hZXdcYd aZ g^heZii^kZ XdbeZiZcoZ# """""""""""""""""""""""

(# GZfj^hî^ Y^ Vbb^hh^dcZ Z YjgViV YZa hZgkô^d# & EjWWa^XVid cZaaV <VooZiiV J[ÒX^VaZ " hZg^Z \ZcZgVaZ" c# .. YZa '. VegâZ '%%'#

&# Hdcd VbbZhh^ V hkda\ZgZ â hZgkô^d X^kâZ! V adgd YdbVcYV! hZcoV Y^hi^co^dc^ Y^ hZhhd ^ XîiVY^c^ îVa^Vc^! bjcî^ Y^ ^YdcZî| Òh^XV! X]Z! VaaV YViV Y^ egZhZciVo^dcZ YZaaV YdbVcYV! VWW^Vcd Xdbe^jid â Y^X^diiZh^bd Vccd Y^ Zi| Z cdc hjeZgVid â kZcidiiZh^bd# '# 8dhiîj^hXZ XVjhV Y^ ZhXajh^dcZ YVa hZgkô^d X^kâZ aÉVkZg gêdgiVid XdcYVccV VcX]Z cdc YZÒcî^kV VaaV eZcV YZaaV gZXajh^dcZ hjeZg^dgZ VY jc Vccd eZg YZaîid cdc Xdaedhd dkkZgd VY

>A 9:8G:ID jcV eZcV VcX]Z Y^ Zciî| ^c[Zg^dgZ eZg jc YZaîid Xdcigd aV eZghdcV d XdcXZgcZciZ YZiZco^dcZ! jhd! edgid! igVhedgid! ^bedgiVo^dcZ d ZhedgiVo^dcZ âaZXîV Y^ Vgb^ d bViZg^Z ZheadYZci^ dkkZgd eZg YZaîi^ g^\jVgYVci^ aÉVeeVgiZcZcoV d â [VkdgZ\\^VbZcid V \gjee^ ZkZgh^k^! iZggdg^hi^X^! d Y^ Xg^b^cVaî| dg\VcôoViV# (# >a hZgkô^d X^kâZ ]V aV YjgViV XdbeaZhh^kV Y^ YdY^X^ bZh^# 8dc YZXgZid YZa EgZh^YZciZ YZa 8dch^\a^d YZ^ B^c^hig^! hZciîZ aZ 6bb^c^higVo^dc^ YZaad HiVid ^ciZgZhhViZ! aV YjgViV YZa hZgkô^d ej ZhhZgZ egZk^hiV d Vgi^XdaViV eZg jc eZg^dYd bV\\^dgZ d b^cdgZ ^c gZaVo^dcZ V\a^ heZX^ÒX^ VbWî^ Z egd\Zii^ Y^ ^be^Z\d# )# AÉdgVg^d Y^ hkda\^bZcid YZa hZgkô^d hiVWâîd ^c gZaVo^dcZ VaaV cVijgV YZa egd\Ziid Z egZkZYZ XdbjcfjZ jc ^beZ\cd hZii^bVcVaZ XdbeaZhh^kd Y^ igZciV dgZ! dkkZgd Y^ jc bdciZ dgZ Vccjd b^c^bd Xdgg^hedcYZciZ V bâaZfjViigdXZcid dgZ# > XgîZg^ eZg aÉVgi^XdaVo^dcZ YZaaÉdgVg^d Y^ hkda\^bZcid YZa hZgkô^d hdcd YZÒcî^ Xdc YZXgZid YZa EgZh^YZciZ YZa 8dch^\a^d YZ^ B^c^hig^ ' # *# 6a hZgkô^d X^kâZ cdc edhhdcd ZhhZgZ VbbZhh^ \a^ VeeVgiZcZci^ V Xdge^ bâîVg^ d VaaZ [dgoZ Y^ edaô^V# +# P8dc â YZXgZid YZa EgZh^YZciZ YZa 8dch^\a^d YZ^ B^c^hig^ Y^ Xj^ Va XdbbV (! Y^ XdcXZgid Xdc ^ B^c^hig^ eZg \a^ V[[Vg^ gZ\^dcVa^! eZg aZ eVg^ deedgijcî|! hZciîV aV 8dc[ZgZcoV eZgbVcZciZ eZg ^ gVeedgi^ igV ad HiVid! aZ gZ\^dc^ Z aZ egdk^cXZ VjidcdbZ Y^ IgZcid Z Y^ 7daoVcd! Y^ hZ\jîd YZcdb^cViV »8dc[ZgZcoV HiVid"gZ\^dc^¼! hdcd ^cY^k^YjVi^ \a^ ^cXVg^X]^ eZg^Xdadh^! [Vi^Xdh^ d ^chVajWg^ V^ fjVa^ cdc ej ZhhZgZ YZhi^cVid â eZghdcVaZ [Zbb^câZR ( #

)# ;dcYd cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ &# >a ;dcYd cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ! V^ Òc^ YZaaÉZgd\Vo^dcZ YZ^ igViiVbZci^ egZk^hi^ YVa egZhZciZ YZXgZid! XdaadXVid egZhhd aÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ! X]Z cZ XjgV aÉVbb^c^higVo^dcZ Z aV egd\gVbbVo^dcZ VccjVaZ YZaaZ g^hdghZ! [dgbjaVcYd VccjVabZciZ! Zcigd â (& \ZccV^d YZaaÉVccd Y^ g^[Zg^bZcid! jc Veedhîd e^Vcd Y^ ^ciZgkZcid! hZciîV aV 8dc[ZgZcoV HiVid"gZ\^dc^# >a e^Vcd ej ZhhZgZ kVg^Vid Xdc VeedhîV cdiV ^c[gVccjVaZ! dkZ hZ cZ bVc^[Zhi^ aÉZh^\ZcoV Z hjhh^hiVcd VYZ\jViZ g^hdghZ ÒcVco^Vg^Z Y^hedc^Wâ^# AV cdiV Y^ kVg^Vo^dcZ egZY^hedhiV Xdc aZ hiZhhZ [dgbVaî| YZa e^Vcd VccjVaZ Zcigd â (% hZiiZbWgZ YZaaÉVccd Y^ g^[Zg^bZcid# '# >a e^Vcd Y^ egd\gVbbVo^dcZ VccjVaZ Y^ Xj^ Va XdbbV & hiVWâ^hXZ/ V aV fjdiV YZaaZ g^hdghZ YZa ;dcYd YV jiâôoVgZ eZg aZ heZhZ Y^ [jco^dcVbZcid YZaaÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ0 W aV fjdiV YZaaZ g^hdghZ YZa ;dcYd YV YZhi^cVgZ VaaZ gZ\^dc^ ZY VaaZ egdk^cXZ VjidcdbZ Y^ IgZcid Z Y^ 7daoVcd eZg Vii^kî| Y^ ^c[dgbVo^dcZ Z [dgbVo^dcZ# AV 8dc[ZgZcoV HiVid"gZ\^dc^ Xdc YZa^WZgVo^dcZ YV VYdiiVgZ Zcigd igZciV \^dgc^ YVaaÉVkkZcjiV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ YV eVgiZ YZaaÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ YZa e^Vcd Y^ egd\gVbbVo^dcZ VccjVaZ! YZiZgb^cV aV gêVgiô^dcZ YZaaV egZYZiiV fjdiV Xdbjc^XVcYdaV VaaÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ0 X aV fjdiV Y^ g^hdghZ YZa ;dcYd YV YZhi^cVgZ V^ XdbeZch^ YZ^ \^dkVc^ YZhi^cVi^ VaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZ^ egd\Zii^ VeegdkVi^ ^c VbWîd gZ\^dcVaZ0 Y aV fjdiV Y^ g^hdghZ YZa ;dcYd YV YZhi^cVgZ V^ XdbeZch^ YZ^ \^dkVc^ YZhi^cVi^ VaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZ^ egd\Zii^ VeegdkVi^ ^c VbWîd ^ciZggZ\^dcVaZ! cVo^dcVaZ d VaaÉZhiZgd0 Z aV fjdiV Y^ g^hdghZ YZa ;dcYd k^cXdaViV! V g^X]^ZhiV YZ^ Xdc[ZgZci^ V^ hZch^ YZaaÉVgi^Xdad &&! XdbbV '! YZaaV aZ\\Z + bVgod '%%&! c# +)! Vaad hkâjeed Y^ egd\Zii^ Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ ^c VgZZ Z hZiidg^ Y^ ^be^Z\d heZX^ÒX^# (# AZ g^hdghZ Y^hedc^Wâ^ VaaV ÒcZ YZaaÉZhZgXô^d ÒcVco^Vg^d Y^ g^[Zg^bZcid hdcd edgiViZ ^c VjbZcid cZaaÉZhZgXô^d ÒcVco^Vg^d hjXXZhh^kd hja bZYZh^bd ;dcYd cVo^dcVaZ eZg aV hjXXZhh^kV gZY^hig^Wjo^dcZ# )# 6aaV \Zhi^dcZ YZa ;dcYd cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ Xdci^cjV V egdkkZYZgh^ igVbîZ aV XdciVWâî| heZX^VaZ ^hiîjîV YVaaÉVgi^Xdad & YZa YZXgZid"aZ\\Z &+ hZiiZbWgZ &...! c# (')! XdckZgiîd! Xdc bdY^ÒXVo^dc^! YVaaV aZ\\Z &' cdkZbWgZ &...! c# )')# *# AZ bdYVaî| Y^ \Zhi^dcZ Z Y^ gZcY^XdciVo^dcZ YZaaZ g^hdghZ YZa ;dcYd cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ Z YZaaZ heZhZ Y^ [jco^dcVbZcid YZaaÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ hdcd hiVWâîZ Xdc YZXgZid YZa EgZh^YZciZ YZa 8dch^\a^d YZ^ B^c^hig^! Y^ XdcXZgid Xdc â B^c^higd YZaaÉZXdcdb^V Z YZaaZ ÒcVcoZ# """"""""""""""""""""""" ' 8dbbV Xdh bdY^ÒXVid YVa" aÉVgi# +"fj^cfj^Zh! 9#A# (& \Zc" cV^d '%%*! c# ,! cZa iZhid ^c" iZ\gVid YVaaV gZaVi^kV aZ\\Z Y^ XdckZgh^dcZ# ( 8dbbV VWgd\Vid YVaaÉVgi# +" fj^cfj^Zh! 9#A# (& \ZccV^d '%%*! c# ,! cZa iZhid ^ciZ\gVid YVaaV gZaVi^kV aZ\\Z Y^ XdckZgh^dcZ#

*# 6aW^ YZ\a^ Zci^ Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ# &# EgZhhd aÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ iZcjid aÉVaWd cVo^dcVaZ Va fjVaZ edhhdcd ^hXg^kZgh^ \a^ Zci^ Z aZ dg\VcôoVo^dc^ ^c edhhZhhd YZ^ gZfj^hî^ egZk^hi^ YVaaÉVgi^Xdad (! YZaaV aZ\\Z + bVgod '%%&! c# +)# '# AZ gZ\^dc^ Z aZ egdk^cXZ VjidcdbZ Y^ IgZcid Z Y^ 7daoVcd ^hiîj^hXdcd! g^heZii^kVbZciZ! VaW^ hj hXVaV gZ\^dcVaZ Z egdk^cX^VaZ! cZ^ fjVa^ edhhdcd ^hXg^kZgh^ \a^ Zci^ Z aZ dg\VcôoVo^dc^ ^c edhhZhhd YZ^ gZfj^hî^ Y^ Xj^ Va XdbbV &! X]Z hkda\dcd Vii^kî| ZhXajh^kVbZciZ ^c VbWîd gZ\^dcVaZ Z egdk^cX^VaZ#

>A 9:8G:ID (# ;^cd VaaÉ^hiîjo^dcZ YZ\a^ VaW^ Y^ Xj^ Va XdbbV '! \a^ Zci^ Z aZ dg\VcôoVo^dc^ hdcd iZbedgVcZVbZciZ ^hXgîi^ cZa gZ\^higd Y^ Xj^ Va XdbbV & Va hdad ÒcZ Y^ XdchZci^gZ aV egZhZciVo^dcZ YZ^ egd\Zii^# )# EgZhhd aÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ bVciZcjiV aV 8dchjaiV cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ fjVaZ dg\Vc^hbd eZgbVcZciZ Y^ XdchjaiVo^dcZ! g^[Zg^bZcid Z Xdc[gdcid Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad &% YZaaV aZ\\Z - aj\a^d &..-! c# '(%# *# AZ gZ\^dc^ Z aZ egdk^cXZ VjidcdbZ Y^ IgZcid Z Y^ 7daoVcd! dkZ cdc VWW^Vcd egdkkZYjid! edhhdcd ^hiîj^gZ VcVad\]^ dg\Vc^hb^ Y^ XdchjaiVo^dcZ! g^[Zg^bZcid Z Xdc[gdcid cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaZ adgd XdbeZiZcoZ# """""""""""""""""""""""" +# Egd\Zii^# &# 8dc YZXgZid YZa EgZh^YZciZ YZa 8dch^\a^d YZ^ B^c^hig^! hZciîV aV 8dc[ZgZcoV HiVid"gZ\^dc^ Z aV 8dchjaiV cVo^dcVaZ Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad *! XdbbV )! YV ZbVcVgZ Zcigd cdkVciV \^dgc^ YVaaV YViV Y^ ZcigViV ^c k^\dgZ YZa egZhZciZ YZXgZid! hdcd ^cY^k^YjViZ aZ XVgViiZg^hi^X]Z V Xj^ h^ YZkdcd ViiZcZgZ ijii^ ^ egd\Zii^ Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ! YV gZVaôoVgZ h^V ^c >iVa^V X]Z VaaÉZhiZgd! hZciîd! eZg fjZhi^ jai^b^! â B^c^hiZgd YZ\a^ V[[Vg^ ZhiZg^# '# > egd\Zii^ egZhZciVi^ YV\a^ Zci^ d dg\VcôoVo^dc^ gZ\^higVi^ V^ hZch^ YZaaÉVgi^Xdad * XdciZc\dcd \a^ dW^Zii^k^ X]Z h^ ^ciZcYdcd eZghZ\j^gZ! aZ bdYVaî| eZg gZVaôoVga^! â cjbZgd Y^ \^dkVc^ X]Z h^ ^ciZcYdcd ^be^Z\VgZ! aV YjgViV YZa hZgkô^d cZ^ a^bî^ Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad (! Xdbb^ ( Z )! cdcX] ^ XgîZg^ Z aZ bdYVaî| Y^ hZaZo^dcZ YZ\a^ Vhe^gVci^! hZcoV Y^hXg^b^cVo^dcZ YdkjiV Va hZhhd# (# > egd\Zii^ Y^ Xj^ Va XdbbV ' edhhdcd egZkZYZgZ VaigZh eVgi^XdaVg^ gZfj^hî^ Òh^X^ Z Y^ ^YdcZî| eZg aÉVbb^hh^dcZ Va hZgkô^d X^kâZ hjaaV WVhZ Y^ XgîZg^ hiVWâî^ Xdc YZXgZid YZa EgZh^YZciZ YZa 8dch^\a^d YZ^ B^c^hig^! V^ hZch^ YZaaÉVgi^Xdad '! XdbbV *! YZaaV aZ\\Z + bVgod '%%&! c# +)! dkkZgd ^c WVhZ V fjVcid egZk^hid YVaaV gZ\^dcZ d YVaaZ egdk^cXZ VjidcdbZ Y^ IgZcid Z Y^ 7daoVcd# )# AÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ ZhVb^cV ZY VeegdkV ^ egd\Zii^ Y^ gâZkVcoV cVo^dcVaZ! egZhZciVi^ YVaaZ 6bb^c^higVo^dc^ XZcigVa^ YZaad HiVid Z YV\a^ Zci^ ejWWa^X^ Z eg^kVi^ cVo^dcVa^! hZciîZ aZ gZ\^dc^! aZ egdk^cXZ VjidcdbZ ^ciZgZhhViZ! cdcX] fjZaa^ Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ VaaÉZhiZgd# *# AZ gZ\^dc^ Z aZ egdk^cXZ VjidcdbZ Y^ IgZcid Z Y^ 7daoVcd! ZhVb^cVcd ZY VeegdkVcd ^ egd\Zii^ egZhZciVi^ YV\a^ Zci^ ZY dg\VcôoVo^dc^ X]Z hkda\dcd Vii^kî| cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaZ XdbeZiZcoZ gZ\^dcVa^ d YZaaZ egdk^cXZ VjidcdbZ hja adgd iZggîdg^d! VkZcYd XjgV Y^ Xdbjc^XVgZ VaaÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ! ^c dgY^cZ Y^ eg^dgî|! ^ egd\Zii^ VeegdkVi^ Zcigd â (& Y^XZbWgZ YZaaÉVccd egZXZYZciZ fjZaad Y^ g^[Zg^bZcid# :cigd igZciV \^dgc^ YVaaV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ aÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ Zheg^bZ â hjd cjaaV"dhiV ) # +# AÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ Z aZ gZ\^dc^ Z aZ egdk^cXZ VjidcdbZ Y^ IgZcid Z Y^ 7daoVcd XjgVcd! cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaZ g^heZii^kZ XdbeZiZcoZ! â bdcîdgV\\^d! â Xdcigdaad Z aV kZg^ÒXV YZaaÉViijVo^dcZ YZ^ egd\Zii^# ,# AZ gZ\^dc^ Z aZ egdk^cXZ VjidcdbZ Y^ IgZcid Z Y^ 7daoVcd igVhbZiidcd VccjVabZciZ VaaÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ jcV gZaVo^dcZ hjaaÉVii^kî| Z[[ZiijViV# """""""""""""""""""""""" ,# 9ZÒcô^dcZ VccjVaZ YZa cjbZgd bVhh^bd Y^ \^dkVc^ YV VbbZiiZgZ Va HZgkô^d X^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ &# AÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ YZiZgb^cV! ^c WVhZ VaaV egd\gVbbVo^dcZ VccjVaZ YZaaZ g^hdghZ Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad )! XdbbV &! â cjbZgd bVhh^bd Y^ \^dkVc^ X]Z edhhdcd ZhhZgZ VbbZhh^ V egZhiVgZ hZgkô^d X^kâZ hj WVhZ kdadciVg^V cZaaÉVccd hdaVgZ hjXXZhh^kd! iZcZcYd Xdcid YZa cjbZgd Y^ \^dkVc^ YV ^be^Z\VgZ hjaaV WVhZ YZ^ egd\Zii^ VeegdkVi^ V a^kZaad cVo^dcVaZ Z gZ\^dcVaZ V^ hZch^ YZaaÉVgi^Xdad +# """""""""""""""""""""""" -# GVeedgid Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ# &# > \^dkVc^ hZaZo^dcVi^ YV\a^ Zci^ Z YVaaZ dg\VcôoVo^dc^ eZg aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZ^ egd\Zii^ VeegdkVi^ hdcd Vkk^Vi^ Va hZgkô^d X^kâZ hjaaV WVhZ YZa XdcigViid Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ hdiidhXgîid YVaaÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ Z hjXXZhh^kVbZciZ ^ck^Vid Va kdadciVg^d eZg aV hdiidhXgô^dcZ# '# >a XdcigViid! gZXVciZ aV YViV Y^ ^cô^d YZa hZgkô^d ViiZhiViV YVa gZhedchVWâZ YZaaÉZciZ! egZkZYZ â igViiVbZcid ZXdcdb^Xd Z \^jg^Y^Xd! ^c Xdc[dgbî| VaaÉVgi^Xdad .! XdbbV '! cdcX] aZ cdgbZ Y^ XdbedgiVbZcid VaaZ fjVa^ YZkZ ViiZcZgh^ â kdadciVg^d Z aZ gZaVi^kZ hVco^dc^ * # ) 8dbbV Xdh bdY^ÒXVid YVaaÉVgi# +"fj^cfj^Zh! 9#A# (& \ZccV^d '%%*! c# ,! cZa iZhid ^ciZ\gVid YVaaV gZaVi^kV aZ\\Z Y^ XdckZgh^dcZ# * 6gi^Xdad Xdh hdhiîjîd YVaaÉVgi# +"fj^cfj^Zh! 9#A# (& \ZccV^d '%%*! c# ,! cZa iZhid ^ciZ\gVid YVaaV gZaVi^kV aZ\\Z Y^ XdckZgh^dcZ#

"""""""""""""""""""""""" .# IgViiVbZcid ZXdcdb^Xd Z \^jg^Y^Xd &# AÉVii^kî| hkdaiV cZaaÉVbWîd YZ^ egd\Zii^ Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ cdc YZiZgb^cV aÉ^chiVjgVo^dcZ Y^ jc gVeedgid Y^ aVkdgd Z cdc XdbedgiV aV hdheZch^dcZ Z aV XVcXZaaVo^dcZ YVaaZ a^hiZ Y^ XdaadXVbZcid d YVaaZ a^hiZ Y^ bdWâî|# '# 6\a^ VbbZhh^ V egZhiVgZ Vii^kî| ^c jc egd\Ziid Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ XdbeZiZ jc VhhZ\cd eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ! cdc hjeZg^dgZ Va igViiVbZcid ZXdcdb^Xd egZk^hid eZg â eZghdcVaZ

>A 9:8G:ID bâîVgZ kdadciVg^d ^c [ZgbV VccjVaZ! cdcX] aZ ZkZcijVa^ ^cYZccî| YV Xdgg^hedcYZgZ ^c XVhd Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ VaaÉZhiZgd# >c d\c^ XVhd cdc hdcd Ydkji^ ^ WZcZÒX^ kdai^ V XdbeZchVgZ aV XdcYô^dcZ bâîVgZ# AV b^hjgV YZa XdbeZchd Ydkjid V^ kdadciVg^ YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ YZiZgb^cViV Xdc YZXgZid YZa EgZh^YZciZ YZa 8dch^\a^d YZ^ B^c^hig^ iZcZcYd Xdcid YZaaZ Y^hedc^Wâî| ÒcVco^Vg^Z YZa ;dcYd cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ + # (# AÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ! igVbîZ aÉ>HK6E! egdkkZYZ V egZY^hedggZ XdcYô^dc^ \ZcZgVa^ Y^ Vhh^XjgVo^dcZ eZg ^ g^hX]^ XdccZhh^ Vaad hkda\^bZcid YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ# )# >a eZg^dYd Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ g^XdcdhX^jid kVa^Yd! V ijii^ \a^ Z[[Zii^! eZg aÉ^cfjVYgVbZcid ZXdcdb^Xd Z eZg aV YZiZgb^cVo^dcZ YZaaÉVco^Vcî| aVkdgVi^kV V^ Òc^ YZa igViiVbZcid egZk^YZco^VaZ YZa hZiidgZ ejWWa^Xd Z eg^kVid! cZ^ a^bî^ Z Xdc aZ bdYVaî| Xdc aZ fjVa^ aV aZ\^haVo^dcZ k^\ZciZ g^XdcdhXZ â hZgkô^d bâîVgZ dWWa^\Vidg^d Xdc dcZgZ! eZg â eZghdcVaZ kdadciVg^d! V XVg^Xd YZa ;dcYd cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ# *# AÉVhh^hiZcoV hVcîVg^V V\a^ VbbZhh^ V egZhiVgZ Vii^kî| Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ [dgcîV YVa HZgkô^d hVcîVg^d cVo^dcVaZ# ;Zgbd gZhiVcYd fjVcid egZk^hid YVaaÉVgi^Xdad +- YZaaV aZ\\Z '( Y^XZbWgZ &..-! c# ))-! aZ XZgi^ÒXVo^dc^ hVcîVg^Z V [VkdgZ Y^ X]^ egZhiV â hZgkô^d X^kâZ hdcd gâVhX^ViZ \gVijîVbZciZ YV eVgiZ YZaaZ higjiijgZ YZa HZgkô^d hVcîVg^d cVo^dcVaZ Z hdcd g^bWdghViZ V XVg^Xd YZa ;dcYd cVo^dcVaZ# +# >a eZghdcVaZ [Zbb^câZ YZa HZgkô^d X^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ hdheZhd YVaaÉVii^kî| V YZXdggZgZ YVaaV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ YV eVgiZ YZaaÉ^ciZgZhhViV VaaÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ! VaaV gZ\^dcZ d VaaV egdk^cX^V VjidcdbV YZaaV XZgi^ÒXVo^dcZ bZY^XV ViiZhiVciZ ad hiVid Y^ \gVk^YVcoV Z Òcd VaaÉ^cô^d YZa eZg^dYd Y^ VhiZch^dcZ dWWa^\Vidg^V# H^ Veea^XVcd aZ Y^hedhô^dc^ Y^ Xj^ V\a^ Vgi^Xda^ &+ Z &, YZa YZXgZid aZ\^haVi^kd '+ bVgod '%%&! c# &*&# 9VaaV YViV Y^ hdheZch^dcZ YZa hZgkô^d V fjZaaV YZaaV hjV gêgZhV Xdgg^hedhid aÉVhhZ\cd Y^ Xj^ Va XdbbV '! g^Ydiid Y^ jc iZgod! V XVg^Xd YZa ;dcYd cVo^dcVaZ# ,# > YêZcYZci^ Y^ Vbb^c^higVo^dc^ ejWWa^X]Z X]Z hkda\dcd â hZgkô^d X^kâZ V^ hZch^ YZa egZhZciZ YZXgZid aZ\^haVi^kd! hdcd XdaadXVi^! V YdbVcYV! ^c VheZiiVi^kV hZcoV VhhZ\c^# >c fjZhid XVhd! â eZg^dYd igVhXdghd ^c VheZiiVi^kV XdbejiVid eZg ^ciZgd V^ Òc^ YZaaV egd\gZhh^dcZ ^c XVgg^ZgV! YZaaV Viig^Wjo^dcZ YZ\a^ VjbZci^ eZg^dY^X^ Y^ hiêZcY^d# H^ Veea^XVcd aZ Y^hedhô^dc^ YZaaÉVgi^Xdad '% YZaaV aZ\\Z ') Y^XZbWgZ &.-+! c# .*-# <a^ dcZg^ \gVkVcd hja ;dcYd cVo^dcVaZ# -# 6a iZgb^cZ YZa eZg^dYd Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ! Xdbe^jid hZcoV YZbZgîd! aÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ d aZ gZ\^dc^ d aZ egdk^cXZ VjidcdbZ Y^ IgZcid Z Y^ 7daoVcd! eZg fjVcid Y^ g^heZii^kV XdbeZiZcoV! gâVhX^Vcd V^ kdadciVg^ jc Veedhîd ViiZhiVid YV Xj^ g^hjaiV aÉZ[[ZiijVo^dcZ YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ# > iîdaVg^ Y^ iVaZ ViiZhiVid hdcd ZfjêVgVi^ Va eZghdcVaZ bâîVgZ kdadciVg^d ^c [ZgbV VccjVaZ , # """""""""""""""""""""""" &%# 9dkZg^ Z ^cXdbeVi^Wâî|# &# > hd\\Zii^ ^be^Z\Vi^ ^c egd\Zii^ Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ hdcd iZcji^ VY VhhdakZgZ Xdc Yâ^\ZcoV aZ bVch^dc^ V[ÒYViZ! hZXdcYd fjVcid egZk^hid YVa XdcigViid Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad -! Z cdc edhhdcd hkda\ZgZ Vii^kî| Y^ aVkdgd hjWdgY^cVid d Vjidcdbd! hZ ^cXdbeVi^WâZ Xdc â XdggZiid ZheaZiVbZcid YZa hZgkô^d# '# > hd\\Zii^ X]Z ]Vccd egZhiVid â hZgkô^d X^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ cdc edhhdcd egZhZciVgZ jaiZg^dgZ YdbVcYV - # """"""""""""""""""""""" &&# ;dgbVo^dcZ Va hZgkô^d X^kâZ# &# AV [dgbVo^dcZ ]V jcV YjgViV XdbeaZhh^kV cdc ^c[Zg^dgZ V -% dgZ Z Xdch^hiZ ^c jcV [VhZ Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ \ZcZgVaZ Va hZgkô^d ZY ^c jcV [VhZ Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ heZX^ÒXV egZhhd aÉZciZ d aÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ YZhi^cVo^dcZ . # + 8dbbV Xdh hdhiîjîd YVaaÉVgi# +"fj^cfj^Zh! 9#A# (& \ZccV^d '%%*! c# ,! cZa iZhid ^ciZ\gVid YVaaV gZaVi^kV aZ\\Z Y^ XdckZgh^dcZ# , 8dbbV Xdh hdhiîjîd YVaaÉVgi# +"fj^cfj^Zh! 9#A# (& \ZccV^d '%%*! c# ,! cZa iZhid ^ciZ\gVid YVaaV gZaVi^kV aZ\\Z Y^ XdckZgh^dcZ# - 6gi^Xdad Xdh hdhiîjîd YVaaÉVgi# +"fj^cfj^Zh! 9#A# (& \ZccV^d '%%*! c# ,! cZa iZhid ^ciZ\gVid YVaaV gZaVi^kV aZ\\Z Y^ XdckZgh^dcZ# . 8dbbV Xdh bdY^ÒXVid YVaaÉVgi# +"fj^cfj^Zh! 9#A# (& \ZccV^d '%%*! c# ,! cZa iZhid ^ciZ\gVid YVaaV gZaVi^kV aZ\\Z Y^ XdckZgh^dcZ#

'# AV [VhZ Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ \ZcZgVaZ XdbedgiV aV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ V Xdgh^ Y^ egZeVgVo^dcZ Xdch^hiZci^ VcX]Z ^c jc eZg^dYd Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ X^k^XV Z Y^ egdiZo^dcZ X^kâZ ZY ]V aV YjgViV b^c^bV Y^ (% dgZ# (# > Xdgh^ Y^ Xj^ Va XdbbV ' hdcd dg\VcôoVi^ YVaaÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ! YVaaZ gZ\^dc^ Z YVaaZ egdk^cXZ VjidcdbZ Y^ IgZcid Z Y^ 7daoVcd! VcX]Z V a^kZaad egdk^cX^VaZ d ^ciZgegdk^cX^VaZ! X]Z edhhdcd VkkVaZgh^ VcX]Z YZ\a^ Zci^ YdiVi^ Y^ heZX^ÒX]Z egd[Zhh^dcVaî|# AÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ! hZciîV aV 8dc[ZgZcoV HiVid"GZ\^dc^ Z aV 8dchjaiV cVo^dcVaZ Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad *! XdbbV )! YZÒc^hXZ ^ XdciZcji^ WVhZ eZg aV [dgbVo^dcZ ZY Z[[ZiijV â bdcîdgV\\^d YZaaÉVcYVbZcid \ZcZgVaZ YZaaV hiZhhV# )# AV [dgbVo^dcZ heZX^ÒXV! YZaaV YjgViV b^c^bV Y^ *% dgZ! Xdbb^hjgViV h^V VaaV YjgViV X]Z VaaV iêdad\^V Y^ ^be^Z\d Z YZkZ ZhhZgZ hkdaiV cZa eZg^dYd ^cô^VaZ Y^ egZhiVo^dcZ YZa hZgkô^d# """""""""""""""""""""""" &' HZgkô^d X^kâZ VaaÉZhiZgd# &# > hd\\Zii^ Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad ( edhhdcd ZhhZgZ ^ck^Vi^ VaaÉZhiZgd VcX]Z eZg WgZk^ eZg^dY^ Z eZg aZ ÒcVaî| egZk^hiZ YVaaÉVgi^Xdad &! XdbbV &! aZiiZgV Z ! YZaaV aZ\\Z + bVgod '%%&! c# +)! cZaaZ [dgbZ hiVWâîZ Xdc YZXgZid YZa EgZh^YZciZ YZa 8dch^\a^d YZ^ B^c^hig^! Y^ XdcXZgid Xdc â B^c^higd YZ\a^ V[[Vg^ ZhiZg^#

>A 9:8G:ID '# 6a ÒcZ YZaaÉZkZcijVaZ kZg^ÒXV egZkZci^kV Z hjXXZhh^kV YZ^ egd\Zii^ YV gZVaôoVgZ VaaÉZhiZgd! cdcX] YZa adgd bdcîdgV\\^d! aV EgZh^YZcoV YZa 8dch^\a^d YZ^ B^c^hig^ ej g^XdggZgZ! ViigVkZghd â B^c^hiZgd YZ\a^ V[[Vg^ ZhiZg^ Z Y^ ^ciZhV Xdc Zhhd Va hjeedgid YZ\a^ j[ÒX^ YêadbVi^X^ Z XdchdaVg^ VaaÉZhiZgd# """""""""""""""""""""""" &(# >chZg^bZcid cZa bdcYd YZa aVkdgd Z XgZYî^ [dgbVi^k^# &# ;Zgbd gZhiVcYd fjVcid egZk^hid YVaaÉVgi^Xdad .! XdbbV ,! aÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ! aZ gZ\^dc^ Z aZ egdk^cXZ VjidcdbZ! cZ^ a^bî^ YZaaZ g^heZii^kZ XdbeZiZcoZ! edhhdcd hiêjaVgZ XdckZco^dc^ Xdc VhhdX^Vo^dc^ Y^ ^begZhZ eg^kViZ! Xdc VhhdX^Vo^dc^ Y^ gVeegZhZciVcoV YZaaZ XddeZgVi^kZ Z Xdc Vaig^ Zci^ hZcoV ÒcVaî| Y^ ajXgd! Va ÒcZ Y^ [Vkdg^gZ â XdaadXVbZcid cZa bZgXVid YZa aVkdgd Y^ fjVci^ ]Vccd hkdaid â hZgkô^d X^kâZ# '# >a eZg^dYd Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ Z[[Zii^kVbZciZ egZhiVid! hVakd fjVcid egZk^hid YVa XdbbV )! kVajiVid cZ^ ejWWa^X^ XdcXdgh^ Xdc aZ hiZhhZ bdYVaî| Z ad hiZhhd kVadgZ YZa hZgkô^d egZhiVid egZhhd Zci^ ejWWa^X^# (# AZ jc^kZghî| YZ\a^ hijY^ edhhdcd g^XdcdhXZgZ XgZYî^ [dgbVi^k^ V^ Òc^ YZa XdchZ\j^bZcid Y^ iîda^ Y^ hijY^d YV ZhhZ gâVhX^Vi^! eZg Vii^kî| [dgbVi^kZ egZhiViZ cZa Xdghd YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ! gâZkVci^ eZg â Xjgg^Xjajb YZ\a^ hijY^# )# 6 YZXdggZgZ YVa & \ZccV^d '%%+! cZ^ XdcXdgh^ gZaVi^k^ VaaÉVXXZhhd cZaaZ XVgg^ZgZ ^cô^Va^ YZa 8dged cVo^dcVaZ YZ^ k^\â^ YZa [jdXd Z YZa 8dged [dgZhiVaZ YZaad HiVid hdcd YZiZgb^cViZ g^hZgkZ Y^ edhi^ cZaaV b^hjgV YZa &% eZg XZcid eZg Xdadgd X]Z ]Vccd hkdaid eZg VabZcd YdY^X^ bZh^ â hZgkô^d X^kâZ cZaaZ Vii^kî| ^hiîjo^dcVa^ Y^ YZii^ 8dge^# 6 iVa ÒcZ hdcd XdbjcfjZ [Vii^ hVak^ ^ gZfj^hî^ Y^ Vbb^hh^dcZ egZk^hi^ YV X^VhXjcV 6bb^c^higVo^dcZ# *# AV XZhhVo^dcZ Vci^XêViV YZa gVeedgid Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ XdbedgiV aV YZXVYZcoV YV^ WZcZÒX^ egZk^hi^ YVa egZhZciZ Vgi^Xdad! hVakV aÉêdiZh^ ^c Xj^ YZiiV ^ciZggjo^dcZ VkkZc\V eZg YdXjbZciVi^ bdi^k^ Y^ hVajiZ d Y^ [dgoV bV\\^dgZ eZg XVjhV Y^ hZgkô^d ZY â hZgkô^d egZhiVid h^V eVg^ VY VabZcd hZ^ bZh^# """""""""""""""""""""""" &)# CdgbZ ÒcVa^# &# CZ^ XVh^ egZk^hi^ YVaaÉVgi^Xdad '! XdbbV &! aZiiZgV [ ! YZaaV aZ\\Z &) cdkZbWgZ '%%%! c# ((&! Z Xdc aZ bdYVaî| egZk^hiZ YVaaÉVgi^Xdad ,! XdbbV (! YZa YZXgZid aZ\^haVi^kd - bV\\^d '%%&! c# '&*! gêg^hi^cVid VcX]Z â hZgkô^d X^kâZ V^ hZch^ YZaaV aZ\\Z - aj\a^d &..-! c# '(%! Z hjXXZhh^kZ bdY^ÒXVo^dc^# '# CZa eZg^dYd igVchîdg^d Y^ Xj^ Va XVed >> YZaaV aZ\\Z + bVgod '%%&! c# +)! Z Òcd VaaV YViV Y^ hdheZch^dcZ YZa hZgkô^d dWWa^\Vidg^d Y^ aZkV! â YdXjbZcid Y^ egd\gVbbVo^dcZ VccjVaZ YZaaÉJ[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ! egZk^hid VaaÉVgi^Xdad )! hiVWâ^hXZ aV fjdiV eVgiZ YZa ;dcYd cVo^dcVaZ YV YZhi^cVgZ eg^dgîVg^VbZciZ Va hZgkô^d X^kâZ egZk^hid YVaaV aZ\\Z c# '(% YZa &..-# CZa bZYZh^bd eZg^dYd â Xdci^c\ZciZ VccjVaZ YZiZgb^cVid hZXdcYd aZ bdYVaî| egZk^hiZ YVaaÉVgi^Xdad + YZaaV XîViV aZ\\Z c# +) YZa '%%&# (# >a egZhZciZ YZXgZid ZcigV ^c k^\dgZ YVa & \ZccV^d '%%+! VY ZXXZo^dcZ YZaaZ Y^hedhô^dc^ Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad (! XdbbV &! X]Z ZcigVcd ^c k^\dgZ â & \ZccV^d '%%* &% # )# AZ Y^hedhô^dc^ Y^ Xj^ V\a^ Vgi^Xda^ ' Z ) ZcigVcd ^c k^\dgZ â fj^cY^XZh^bd \^dgcd hjXXZhh^kd VaaV YViV Y^ ejWWa^XVo^dcZ cZaaV <VooZiiV J[ÒX^VaZ#

&% 8dbbV Xdh bdY^ÒXVid eg^bV YVaaÉVgi# &'! 9#A# ') Y^" XZbWgZ '%%(! c# (** Z ed^ YVa" aÉVgi# '! 9#A# . cdkZbWgZ '%%)! c# '++

86GI6 9> >BE:<CD :I>8D 9:A H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: C6O>DC6A:

AÉJ[ÒX^d CVo^dcVaZ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Z \a^ :ci^ X]Z eVgiZXêVcd V^ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ CVo^dcVaZ/ " hdcd XdchVeZkda^ Y^ eVgiZXêVgZ VaaÉViijVo^dcZ Y^ jcV aZ\\Z X]Z ]V XdbZ ÒcVaî| â Xd^ckda\^bZcid YZaaZ \^dkVc^ \ZcZgVo^dc^ cZaaV Y^[ZhV YZaaV EVig^V Xdc bZoo^ cdc VgbVi^ Z cdc k^daZci^! bZY^VciZ hZgkô^ Y^ jiâî| hdX^VaZ# HZgkô^ iZh^ V Xdhiîj^gZ Z gV[[dgoVgZ ^ aZ\Vb^ X]Z hdhiVco^Vcd Z bVciZc\dcd XdZhV aV hdX^Zi| X^kâZ! gZcYdcd kîVa^ aZ gZaVo^dc^ VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZaaZ Xdbjcî|! VaaVg\Vcd VaaZ XViZ\dg^Z e^ YZWda^ Z hkVciV\\^ViZ aV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ VaaV kîV hdX^VaZ! ViigVkZghd Vo^dc^ Y^ hda^YVg^Zi|! Y^ ^cXajh^dcZ! Y^ Xd^ckda\^bZcid Z eVgiZXêVo^dcZ! X]Z egdbjdkdcd V kVciV\\^d Y^ ijii^ â eVig^bdc^d XjaijgVaZ Z VbW^ZciVaZ YZaaZ Xdbjcî|! Z gZVaôoVcd gZi^ Y^ XîiVY^cVcoV bZY^VciZ aV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ Vii^kV YZaaZ eZghdcZ VaaV kîV YZaaV XdaaZii^kî| Z YZaaZ ^hiîjo^dc^ V a^kZaad adXVaZ! cVo^dcVaZ! ZjgdeZd ZY ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ0 " Xdch^YZgVcd X]Z â hZgkô^d X^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ egdedcZ V^ \^dkVc^ aÉ^ckZhi^bZcid Y^ jc Vccd YZaaV adgd kîV! ^c jc bdbZcid Xgî^Xd Y^ eVhhV\\^d VaaÉZi| Z VaaZ gZhedchVWâî| YZaaÉVYjaid! Z h^ ^beZ\cVcd eZgX^ V [Vg h X]Z iVaZ egdedhiV VkkZc\V ^c bdYd cdc Zfj^kdXd! Y^X]^VgVcYd XdhV Va \^dkVcZ h^ egdedcZ Y^ [VgZ Z XdhV â \^dkVcZ edig| VeegZcYZgZ YjgVciZ aÉVccd Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ egZhhd aÉZciZ! ^c bdYd YV bZiiZgad cZaaZ b^\a^dg^ XdcYô^dc^ eZg kVajiVgZ aÉdeedgijcî| YZaaV hXZaiV0 " V[[ZgbVcd X]Z â hZgkô^d X^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ egZhjeedcZ XdbZ bZidYd Y^ aVkdgd ÆaÉ^beVgVgZ [VXZcYdÇ! V ÒVcXd Y^ eZghdcZ e^ ZheZgiZ ^c \gVYd Y^ igVhbZiiZgZ â adgd hVeZg [VgZ V^ \^dkVc^! aVkdgVcYdX^ ^ch^ZbZ! [VXZcYda^ XgZhXZgZ ^c ZheZg^ZcoV Z XVeVXî|! kVadgôoVcYd Va bVhh^bd aZ g^hdghZ eZghdcVa^ Y^ d\cjcd0 " g^XdcdhXdcd â Y^gîid YZ^ kdadciVg^ Y^ ZhhZgZ ^beZ\cVi^ eZg aZ ÒcVaî| YZa egd\Ziid Z cdc eZg ZhXajh^kd WZcZÒX^d YZaaÉZciZ! Y^ ZhhZgZ e^ZcVbZciZ Xd^ckdai^ cZaaZ Y^kZghZ [Vh^ Y^ Vii^kî| Z Y^ aVkdgd YZa egd\Ziid! Y^ kZg^ÒXV Xgî^XV YZ\a^ ^ciZgkZci^ Z YZaaZ Vo^dc^! Y^ cdc ZhhZgZ ^be^Z\Vi^ ^c Vii^kî| cdc XdcY^k^hZ YVaaZ VaigZ eZghdcZ YZaaÉZciZ X]Z eVgiZXêVcd Va egd\Ziid! Y^ aVkdgVgZ ^c V[ÒVcXVbZcid V eZghdcZ e^ ZheZgiZ ^c \gVYd Y^ \j^YVga^ Z Y^ ^chZ\cVgZ adgd [VXZcYd ^ch^ZbZ0 Y^ ediZgh^ Xdc[gdciVgZ Xdc aÉZciZ hZXdcYd egdXZYjgZ XZgiZ Z X]^VgZ Òc YVaaÉ^cô^d V eVgi^gZ YZaaZ adgd bdYVaî| Y^ egZhZcoV cZaaÉZciZ! Y^ Y^hedggZ Y^ bdbZci^ Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ! kZg^ÒXV Z Y^hXjhh^dcZ YZa egd\Ziid egdedhi^ ^c bdYd X]^Vgd ZY ViijVi^ Xdc XdZgZcoV0 " X]^ZYdcd V^ \^dkVc^ Y^ VXXZiiVgZ â YdkZgZ Y^ VeegZcYZgZ! [Vgh^ XVg^Xd YZaaZ ÒcVaî| YZa egd\Ziid! eVgiZXêVgZ gZhedchVWâbZciZ VaaZ Vii^kî| YZaaÉZciZ ^cY^XViZ cZa egd\Ziid Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ! VegZcYdh^ Xdc ÒYjX^V Va Xdc[gdcid Xdc aZ eZghdcZ ^beZ\cViZ cZaaÉZciZ! Zheg^bZcYd cZa gVeedgid Xdc \a^ Vaig^ Z cZa egd\Ziid â bZ\a^d YZaaZ egdeg^Z ZcZg\^Z! YZaaZ egdeg^Z XVeVXî|! YZaaV egdeg^V ^ciZaa^\ZcoV! Y^hedc^Wâî| Z hZch^Wâî|! kVadgôoVcYd aZ egdeg^Z Ydi^ eZghdcVa^ ZY â eVig^bdc^d Y^ XdbeZiZcoZ Z XdcdhXZcoZ VXfj^hîd! ^beZ\cVcYdh^ V [Vgad XgZhXZgZ Z b^\a^dgVgad0 " h^ ^beZ\cVcd V [Vg eVgiZ Y^ jcV gZiZ Y^ hd\\Zii^ X]Z V a^kZaad cVo^dcVaZ VXXZiiVcd Z XdcY^k^Ydcd aZ hiZhhZ gZ\daZ eZg ViijVgZ dW^Zii^k^ Xdbjc^! hdcd Y^hedc^Wâ^ Va Xdc[gdcid Z VaaV kZg^ÒXV YZaaZ ZheZg^ZcoZ Z YZ^ g^hjaiVi^! cZaad he^gîd Y^ X]^ gZcYZ jc hZgkô^d Va EVZhZ ZY ^ciZcYZ XdcY^k^YZgZ â egdeg^d ^beZ\cd Xdc ^ e^ \^dkVc^#

A6 A:<<: EGDK>C8>6A:

A:<<: EGDK>C8>6A: &) [ZWWgV^d '%%,! c# *

Hkâjeed! XddgY^cVbZcid Z egdbdo^dcZ YZaaZ edaî^X]Z \^dkVcâ^! Y^hXêa^cV YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ Z bdY^ÒXVo^dc^ YZaaV aZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ , V\dhid '%%+! c# * 8Ved > " Hkâjeed! XddgY^cVbZcid Z egdbdo^dcZ YZaaZ edaî^X]Z \^dkVcâ^ db^hh^h#### 8Ved >> " 9^hXêa^cV YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ 6gi# &+ " D\\Ziid Z ÒcVaî| &# AV Egdk^cX^V ^hiîj^hXZ â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ X]Z hkda\Z VcX]Z aZ [jco^dc^ Viig^WjîZ VaaV Egdk^cX^V Va ÒcZ YZaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ ^c gZaVo^dcZ V fjVcid egZk^hid YVaaV aZ\\Z + bVgod '%%&! c# +) >hiîjo^dcZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ # '# >a HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ ÒcVaôoVid V/ V [Vkdg^gZ aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZ^ eg^cXê^ Xdhiîjo^dcVa^ Y^ hda^YVg^Zi| hdX^VaZ0 W [Vkdg^gZ ad hkâjeed Y^ jcV XîiVY^cVcoV Vii^kV cZa g^heZiid Z cZaaV kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZ^ eg^cX^" e^ Y^ j\jV\a^VcoV! YZbdXgVi^Xî|! idaaZgVcoV! eVg^ deedgijcî| Z Y^ hda^YVg^Zi| hdX^VaZ0 X kVadgôoVgZ aZ [dgbZ Y^ XîiVY^cVcoV Vii^kV YZ^ \^dkVc^ igVbîZ aÉZheZg^ZcoV Y^gZiiV ^c jcd heZX^ÒXd hZiidgZ Y^ ^ciZgkZcid0 Y egdbjdkZgZ â hZchd Y^ VeeVgiZcZcoV VaaV Xdbjcî| egdk^cX^VaZ! cVo^dcVaZ Z ^ciZgcVo^d" cVaZ! hkâjeeVcYd ^ciZgkZci^ Y^ ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ Z XdZh^dcZ hdX^VaZ0 Z egdbjdkZgZ aV hda^YVg^Zi| Z aV XddeZgVo^dcZ Xdc eVgi^XdaVgZ g^\jVgYd VaaV ijiZaV YZ^ Y^gîi^ hdX^Va^! V^ hZgkô^ VaaV eZghdcV! Vaad hkâjeed YZaaV hZch^Wâî| ^ciZg\ZcZgVo^dcVaZ Z VaaÉZYjXV" o^dcZ VaaV eVXZ igV ^ ededa^0 [ eVgiZXêVgZ VaaV hVakV\jVgY^V Z VaaV ijiZaV YZa eVig^bdc^d VbW^ZciVaZ! hidg^Xd"Vgi^hi^Xd! Xja" ijgVaZ Z YZaaV egdiZo^dcZ X^kâZ0 \ egdbjdkZgZ Z hdhiZcZgZ aV [dgbVo^dcZ X^k^XV! hdX^VaZ! XjaijgVaZ Z egd[Zhh^dcVaZ YZ^ \^dkV" c^ bZY^VciZ Vii^kî| hkdaiV VcX]Z ^c Zci^ Z Vbb^c^higVo^dc^ deZgVci^ VaaÉZhiZgd0 ] ^cXZci^kVgZ hZiidg^ Z Vo^dc^ ^ccdkVi^kZ eZg ad hkâjeed Y^ jcV XjaijgV YZaaV eVXZ Z YZaad hkâjeed hdhiZc^WâZ0 ^ XdaaVWdgVgZ Xdc aÉj[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! Xdc VaigZ ^hiîjo^dc^ gZ\^dcVa^! cVo^d" cVa^ d ^ciZgcVo^dcVa^ X]Z XdcY^k^YVcd ^ eg^cXê^ V^ fjVa^ ^he^gVid â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ! eZg VgbdcôoVgcZ Z ediZco^VgcZ \a^ ^ciZgkZci^#

6gi# &, " Hd\\Zii^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ &# > hd\\Zii^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ hdcd/ V aV Egdk^cX^V! X]Z egdkkZYZ VaaZ [jco^dc^ egZk^hiZ YVaaÉVgi^Xdad &-0 W \a^ Zci^ Z aZ dg\VcôoVo^dc^! ^hXgîi^ VaaÉVaWd egZk^hid YVaaÉVgi^Xdad '%! X]Z XdcXdggdcd VaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZ\a^ dW^Zii^k^ egZk^hi^ YV fjZhid XVed ViigVkZghd aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ egd\Zii^0 X ^ YZhi^cViVg^ YZ\a^ ^ciZgkZci^ Z YZ^ egd\Zii^ ^cY^k^YjVi^ YVaaÉVgi^Xdad '&#

6gi# &- " ;jco^dc^ YZaaV Egdk^cX^V &# ;Zgbd gZhiVcYd fjVcid egZk^hid YVaaV aZ\\Z c# +) YZa '%%& Z YVaaZ gZaVi^kZ Y^hedhô^dc^ ViijVi^kZ! aV Egdk^cX^V eZg aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ/ V [Vkdg^hXZ aV Y^kja\Vo^dcZ YZ^ eg^cXê^ ^he^gVidg^ Z aV Y^[[jh^dcZ YZaaÉ^c[dgbVo^dcZ hja HZgkô^d 8^kâZ eZg egdbjdkZgcZ ad hkâjeed! VcX]Z iZggîdg^VaZ0 W egdbjdkZ Z hdhi^ZcZ ^ciZgkZci^ Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ hja HZgkô^d 8^kâZ g^kdai^ V^ \^dkVc^ Z V\a^ deZgVidg^0 X ^cY^k^YjV ^ XgîZg^ Z aZ bdYVaî| eZg aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZ^ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Z egdk" kZYZ VaaV adgd kVajiVo^dcZ! VaaÉVeegdkVo^dcZ! Va bdcîdgV\\^d Z Xdcigdaad YZaaV adgd \Zhi^dcZ ZY VaaV kZg^ÒXV YZ^ g^hjaiVi^0 Y ^hiîj^hXZ Z XjgV aÉVaWd egdk^cX^VaZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hjYY^k^hd cZaaV hZo^dcZ cVo^dcVaZ Z cZaaV hZo^dcZ egdk^cX^VaZ0 Z ViijV d\c^ ^ciZgkZcid Z ^cô^Vi^kV jiâ^ d cZXZhhVg^ eZg â eZghZ\j^bZcid YZ\a^ dW^Zii^k^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ# '# EZg aÉZheaZiVbZcid YZaaZ egdeg^Z [jco^dc^ aV Egdk^cX^V ej VkkVaZgh^ Y^ hd\\Zii^ ejWWa^X^ Z eg^kVi^ ^cY^k^YjVi^ hZXdcYd fjVcid Y^hedhid YVaaV aZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ &. aj\a^d &..%! c# '( 9^hXêa^cV YZaaÉVii^kî| XdcigViijVaZ Z YZaaÉVbb^c^higVo^dcZ YZ^ WZc^ YZaaV Egdk^cX^V VjidcdbV Y^ IgZcid # (# AV Egdk^cX^V VjidgôoViV V hiêjaVgZ Xdc aÉj[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ jc egd" idXdaad YÉ^ciZhV V^ hZch^ YZaaÉVgi^Xdad - YZa YZXgZid YZa EgZh^YZciZ YZaaV GZejWWa^XV '- aj\a^d &...! c# (*' GZ\daVbZcid gZXVciZ cdgbZ XdcXZgcZci^ aÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ Z â [jco^dcVbZcid YZaaÉj[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! V^ hZch^ YZaaÉVgi^Xdad -! XdbbV (! YZaaV aZ\\Z - aj\a^d &..-! c# '(% # & H^hiZbV ZYjXVi^kd Y^ ^higj" o^dcZ Z [dgbVo^dcZ YZa IgZci^cd 6gi# &. " E^Vcd egdk^cX^VaZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ &# EZg aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZ\a^ ^ciZgkZci^ gZaVi^k^ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ aV <^jciV egdk^c" W#j# ', [ZWWgV^d '%%,! c# . X^VaZ VeegdkV! egZk^d eVgZgZ YZa 8dch^\a^d YZaaZ Vjidcdb^Z adXVa^! jc e^Vcd Y^ YjgViV ig^ZccVaZ X]Z ej ZhhZgZ V\\^dgcVid VccjVabZciZ0 â e^Vcd ^cY^k^YjV ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ/ V aZ a^cZZ \j^YV! \a^ ^cY^gôo^ Z \a^ dW^Zii^k^ YV egdbjdkZgZ Z gZVaôoVgZ0

A6 A:<<: EGDK>C8>6A:

W \a^ ^ciZgkZci^ YV gZVaôoVgZ Z aZ eg^dgî| YZ\a^ hiZhh^0 X \a^ hiVcYVgY! ^ XgîZg^ Z aZ bdYVaî| Y^ egZhZciVo^dcZ YZ^ egd\Zii^ YV eVgiZ YZ\a^ Zci^ Z YZaaZ dg\VcôoVo^dc^ ^hXgîi^ VaaÉVaWd Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad '%0 Y aZ bdYVaî| Y^ \Zhi^dcZ YZa [dcYd egdk^cX^VaZ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egZk^hid YVaaÉVgi^Xdad '(0 Z ^ XgîZg^ Z aZ bdYVaî| Y^ YZiZgb^cVo^dcZ YZa cjbZgd Y^ \^dkVc^ YV ^beZ\cVgZ ^c egd\Zii^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ! cZ^ a^bî^ YZaaV Y^hedc^Wâî| ÒcVco^Vg^V YZa [dcYd#

6gi# '% " 6aWd egdk^cX^VaZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ &# AÉVaWd egdk^cX^VaZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Xdci^ZcZ aÉZaZcXd YZ^ hd\\Zii^ ^hXgîi^ cZaaV hZo^dcZ cV" o^dcVaZ Z fjZaad YZ^ hd\\Zii^ ^hXgîi^ cZaaV hZo^dcZ egdk^cX^VaZ# 6a ÒcZ YZaaÉ^hXgô^dcZ cZaaV hZo^dcZ cVo^dcVaZ ^ hd\\Zii^ ^ciZgZhhVi^ YZkdcd ZhhZgZ ^c edhhZhhd YZ^ gZfj^hî^ egZk^hi^ YVaaÉVgi^Xdad ( YZaaV aZ\\Z c# +) YZa '%%&# CZaaV hZo^dcZ egdk^cX^VaZ hdcd VjidbVi^XVbZciZ ^hXgîi^ ^ hd\\Zii^ ^hXgîi^ cZaaV hZo^dcZ cVo^dcVaZ# Edhhdcd VaigZh ZhhZgZ ^hXgîi^ cZaaV hZo^dcZ egdk^cX^VaZ ^ hd\\Zii^ X]Z egZhZciVcd ^ hZ\jZci^ gZfj^hî^/ V ZhZgXî^cd aÉVii^kî| hZcoV hXded Y^ ajXgd0 W Y^hedc\Vcd Y^ XVeVXî| dg\VcôoVi^kV Z Y^ edhh^Wâî| YÉ^be^Z\d ^c gVeedgid Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ0 X edhhZ\\Vcd Xdgg^hedcYZcoV igV ^ egdeg^ Òc^ ^hiîjo^dcVa^ Z aZ ÒcVaî| Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad &+! XdbbV '0 Y hkda\Vcd aÉVii^kî| Xdci^cjVi^kVbZciZ YV VabZcd YjZ Vcc^0 Z VWW^Vcd hdiidhXgîid â XdY^XZ Y^ ^beZ\cd XdbedgiVbZciVaZ YZÒcîd YVaaV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ#

6gi# '& " 9Zhi^cViVg^ YZ\a^ ^ciZgkZci^ Z YZ^ egd\Zii^ &# > YZhi^cViVg^ YZ\a^ ^ciZgkZci^ Z YZ^ egd\Zii^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ hdcd \a^ deZgVidg^ X]Z XdcXdggdcd VaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZa hZgkô^d Z ^ \^dkVc^ Y^ Zi| XdbegZhV igV ^ Y^X^diid Z ^ kZc" idiid Vcc^# '# 8dc gZ\daVbZcid hdcd Y^hXêa^cVi^ ^ XgîZg^ Z aZ bdYVaî| eZg aÉVbb^hh^dcZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ! aZ bdYVaî| Y^ VXXZhhd! aV YjgViV YZa hZgkô^d hiZhhd! ^c gZaVo^dcZ VaaZ Y^[[ZgZci^ iêdad\^Z Y^ egd\Zii^ Y^ ^be^Z\d! ^ igViiVbZci^ ZXdcdb^X^ Z \^jg^Y^X^#

6gi# '& W^h " HdhiZ\cd Y^ egd\Zii^ Y^ jiâî| hdX^VaZ &# EZg [dgc^gZ V^ \^dkVc^ deedgijcî| Y^ XgZhXîV hdX^VaZ Z eZghdcVaZ V\\^jci^kZ g^heZiid V fjZaaZ gZVaôoViZ cZaaÉVbWîd YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ aV Egdk^cX^V ej hdhiZcZgZ â Xd^ckda\^bZcid YZ^ \^dkVc^ ^c edhhZhhd YZ^ gZfj^hî^ Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad '& ^c Vii^kî| Y^ jiâî| hdX^VaZ! ViigVkZghd â ÒcVco^VbZcid Y^ egd\Zii^ ^ccdkVi^k^ YÉ^beZ\cd cZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! egZhZciVi^ YV^ hd\\Zii^ ^hXgîi^ VaaÉVaWd Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad '%! Y^ YjgViV hiVWâîV YVaaV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ Z XdbjcfjZ cdc hjeZg^dgZ V YjZ bZh^# '# AV Egdk^cX^V ej hdhiZcZgZ ^c k^V heZg^bZciVaZ egd\Zii^ Y^ egdhZXjo^dcZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ egZhhd ^ hd\\Zii^ ^hXgîi^ VaaÉVaWd Y^ Xj^ VaaÉVgi^Xdad '%! eZg jc eZg^dYd bVhh^bd Y^ hZ^ bZh^! hZXdcYd aZ bdYVaî| Z ^ XgîZg^ hiVWâî^ YVaaV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ ( #

6gi# '' " 8dchjaiV egdk^cX^VaZ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ &# AV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ ^hiîj^hXZ aV XdchjaiV egdk^cX^VaZ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! fjVaZ dg\Vc^hbd eZgbVcZciZ Y^ XdchjaiVo^dcZ! g^[Zg^bZcid Z Xdc[gdcid YZaaV Egdk^cX^V Xdc \a^ Zci^ Z aZ dg\Vcô" oVo^dc^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ^hXgîi^ VaaÉVaWd egZk^hid YVaaÉVgi^Xdad '%# '# AV XdchjaiV XdbedhiV YV jc b^c^bd Y^ X^cfjZ V jc bVhh^bd Y^ fj^cY^X^ bZbWg^ gVeegZ" hZciVci^ YZ\a^ Zci^ Z YZaaZ dg\VcôoVo^dc^ ^hXgîi^ VaaÉVaWd# 6aaZ hZYjiZ YZaaV XdchjaiV eVgiZXêV Va ÒcZ YZa XddgY^cVbZcid â gZhedchVWâZ YZaaV higjiijgV egdk^cX^VaZ XdbeZiZciZ ^c bViZg^V Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ# (# AV XdchjaiV egZhZciV VaaV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ! Zcigd â (& Y^XZbWgZ Y^ d\c^ Vccd! jcV gZaVo^d" cZ hjaaÉVcYVbZcid YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ^c egdk^cX^V Y^ IgZcid Z [dgc^hXZ VaaV hiZhhV egdedhiZ Va ÒcZ YZaaV egd\gVbbVo^dcZ YZ\a^ ^ciZgkZci^ YV gZVaôoVgZ# )# AZ bdYVaî| Y^ ^cY^k^YjVo^dcZ YZ^ XdbedcZci^! aZ [jco^dc^! aZ bdYVaî| Y^ [jco^dcVbZcid YZaaV XdchjaiV hdcd hiVWâîZ YVa gZ\daVbZcid egZk^hid YVaaÉVgi^Xdad ')# *# 6^ XdbedcZci^ YZaaV XdchjaiV heZiiV â g^bWdghd YZaaZ heZhZ cZaaV b^hjgV egZk^hiV YVaaV cdgbVi^kV egdk^cX^VaZ ^c bViZg^V Y^ dg\Vc^ XdaaZ\^Va^#

6gi# '( " ;dcYd egdk^cX^VaZ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ &# 6a ÒcZ YZaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZ\a^ ^ciZgkZci^ egZk^hi^ YV fjZhid XVed ^hiîjîd â [dcYd egdk^c" X^VaZ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Va fjVaZ XdcXdggdcd/ ( 6gi^Xdad V\\^jcid YVaaÉVgi# ,) V aZ fjdiZ YZaaZ g^hdghZ YZa [dcYd cVo^dcVaZ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ0 YZaaV a#e# '& Y^XZbWgZ '%%,! c0 '(# W aZ VhhZ\cVo^dc^ VccjVa^ ^hXgîiZ cZa WâVcX^d YZaaV Egdk^cX^V0 EZg jcV Y^hedhô^dcZ igVchîdg^V gZ" X Vaig^ hiVco^VbZci^ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ bZhh^ V Y^hedhô^dcZ YVaad HiVid! YV Zci^ aVi^kV VaaÉVgi#&'! XdbbV ' YZa Y#e#e# ejWWa^X^ Z [dcYVo^dc^ WVcXVg^Z0 ') aj\a^d '%%-! c# '-"&(*$AZ\# Y aZ YdcVo^dc^ Y^ hd\\Zii^ ejWWa^X^ Z eg^kVi^# ) KZY^ â Y#e#e# ') aj\a^d '%%-! c# '-"&(*$AZ\#

6gi# ') " GZ\daVbZcid &# AV Egdk^cX^V VYdiiV cdgbZ gZ\daVbZciVg^ Va ÒcZ YZaaÉViijVo^dcZ Y^ fjZhid XVed! egZk^d eV" gZgZ YZaaV XdbeZiZciZ Xdbb^hh^dcZ eZgbVcZciZ YZa 8dch^\a^d egdk^cX^VaZ ) #

A6 A:<<: EGDK>C8>6A:

8Ved >>> " BdY^ÒXVo^dc^! VWgd\Vo^dc^ Z Y^hedhô^dc^ igVchîdg^Z Z ÒcVco^Vg^Z 6gi# '* " db^hh^h * 6gi# '+ " 6Wgd\Vo^dc^ Z Y^hedhô^dc^ igVchîdg^Z &# ;Viid hVakd fjVcid hiVWâîd Va XdbbV '! YVaaV YViV Y^ ZcigViV ^c k^\dgZ Y^ fjZhiV aZ\\Z hdcd VWgd\ViZ aZ hZ\jZci^ Y^hedhô^dc^/ V Vgi^Xdad &( ;dcYd eZg aZ edaî^X]Z \^dkVcâ^ YZaaV aZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ '( aj\a^d '%%)! c# ,0 W Vgi^Xdad &% W^h HZgkô^d X^kâZ YZaaV aZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ &( [ZWWgV^d &..'! c# -0 X Xdbb^ ) Z , YZaaÉVgi^Xdad -. YZaaV aZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ &. [ZWWgV^d '%%'! c# &0 Y Vgi^Xdad &* YZaaV aZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ (% Y^XZbWgZ '%%'! c# &*0 Z Vgi^Xdad ,+ YZaaV aZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ '. Y^XZbWgZ '%%+! c# &&# '# >c gZaVo^dcZ VaaZ VWgd\Vo^dc^ YZaaZ Y^hedhô^dc^ Y^ Xj^ Va XdbbV &! Òcd VaaV YViV Y^ ZcigViV ^c k^\dgZ YZ^ gZ\daVbZci^ ViijVi^k^ Z YZaaZ Y^hedhô^dc^ Y^ XVgViiZgZ \ZcZgVaZ egZk^hi^ YV fjZhiV aZ\\Z! Xdci^cjVcd VY Veea^XVgh^! ^c fjVcid XdbeVi^Wâ^! aZ Y^hedhô^dc^ Y^ XVgViiZgZ \ZcZgVaZ egZk^\Zci^! gZaVi^kZ VaaZ Xdgg^hedcYZci^ Y^hedhô^dc^ XdciZcjiZ ^c fjZhiV aZ\\Z#

6gi# ', " CdgbZ ÒcVco^Vg^Z &# EZg ^ Òc^ Y^ Xj^ V\a^ Vgi^Xda^ g^X]^VbVi^ cZaaÉVaaZ\ViV iVWZaaV 6! aZ heZhZ hdcd edhiZ V XVg^Xd YZ\a^ hiVco^VbZci^ Z YZaaZ VjidgôoVo^dc^ Y^ heZhV Y^hedhi^ eZg ^ Òc^ Y^ Xj^ VaaZ Y^hedhô^dc^ egZk^hiZ cZ^ XVeîda^ YZa YdXjbZcid iZXc^Xd Y^ VXXdbeV\cVbZcid Z Y^ heZX^ÒXVo^dcZ YZa WâVcX^d '%%,"'%%.! ^cY^XVi^ cZaaV iVWZaaV 6 ^c Xdgg^hedcYZcoV YZaaZ jcî| egZk^h^dcVa^ Y^ WVhZ Y^ g^[Zg^bZcid# * 6gi^Xdad bdY^ÒXVi^kd YZ\a^ Vgi^Xda^ ,& Z ,' YZaaV a#e# , V\dhid '%%+! c# *0 '# AV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ VjidgôoViV VY VeedgiVgZ Va WâVcX^d aZ kVg^Vo^dc^ XdchZ\jZci^ â iZhid YZaaZ bdY^ÒXVo^dc^! fj^cY^! V fjZhiV aZ\\Z! V^ hZch^ YZaaÉVgi^Xdad ',! iZgod XdbbV! YZaaV aZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ &) hZiiZb" gêdgiVid ^c fjZhiÉjai^bV aZ\\Z# WgZ &.,.! c# , CdgbZ ^c bViZg^V Y^ WâVcX^d Z Y^ XdciVWâî| \ZcZgVaZ YZaaV Egdk^cX^V VjidcdbV Y^ IgZcid # + 9^hedhô^dc^ ÒcVco^Vg^Z# IVWZaaV 6 " db^hh^h +

A6 A:<<: EGDK>C8>6A:" G:<DA6B:CID Y^ 6IIJ6O>DC: 9:8G:ID 9:A EG:H>9:CI:

Egdi# c# &)*"%-$9('&

C# '-"&(*$AZ\# YZa ') Aj\a^d '%%GZ\daVbZcid Y^ ViijVo^dcZ YZa XVed >> YZaaV aZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ &) [ZWWgV^d '%%,! c# * gZaVi^kd VaaV Y^hXêa^cV YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ >A EG:H>9:CI: 9:AA6 EGDK>C8>6 "

k^hid aÉVgi^Xdad *(! YZa YZXgZid YZa EgZh^YZciZ YZaaV GZejWWa^XV (& V\dhid &.,'! c# +,%! gZXVciZ Æ6eegdkVo^dcZ YZa iZhid jc^Xd YZaaZ aZ\\^ Xdhiîjo^dcVa^ XdcXZgcZci^ ad HiVijid heZX^VaZ eZg â IgZci^cd Ä 6aid 6Y^\ZÇ! V^ hZch^ YZa fjVaZ â EgZh^YZciZ YZaaV Egdk^cX^V! ZbVcV! Xdc egdeg^d YZXgZid! ^ gZ\daVbZci^ YZa^WZgVi^ YVaaV <^jciV0

k^hid aÉVgi^Xdad *)! XdbbV &! cjbZgd &! YZa bZYZh^bd YZXgZid YZa EgZh^YZciZ YZaaV GZejWWa^XV! hZXdcYd ^a fjVaZ aV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ XdbeZiZciZ V YZa^WZgVgZ ^ gZ\daVbZci^ eZg aÉZhZXjo^dcZ YZaaZ aZ\\^ VeegdkViZ YVa 8dch^\a^d egdk^cX^VaZ0

k^hiV aV YZa^WZgVo^dcZ c# &-&, Y^ YViV &- aj\a^d '%%-! Xdc aV fjVaZ aV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ ]V VeegdkVid â ÆGZ\daVbZcid Y^ ViijVo^dcZ YZa XVed >> YZaaV aZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ &) [ZWWgV^d '%%,! c# * gZaVi^kd VaaV Y^hXêa^cV YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZÇ!

D<<:IID

Z b V c V ^a hZ\jZciZ gZ\daVbZcid/

6gi# & D\\Ziid Z YZÒcô^dc^ &# FjZhid gZ\daVbZcid ^c ViijVo^dcZ YZa XVed >> YZaaV aZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ &) [ZWWgV^d '%%,! c# * Hkâjeed! XddgY^cVbZcid Z egdbdo^dcZ YZaaZ edaî^X]Z \^dkVcâ^! Y^hXêa^cV YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ Z bdY^ÒXVo^dc^ YZaaV AZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ , V\dhid '%%+! c# * h^hiZbV ZYjXVi^kd Y^ ^higjo^dcZ Z [dgbVo^dcZ YZa IgZci^cd Z ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ YZ\a^ Vgi^Xda^ '&! '' Z ') YZaaV aZ\\Z hiZhhV! Y^hXêa^cV â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ# '# >a HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ hkda\Z VcX]Z aZ [jco^dc^ Viig^WjîZ VaaV Egdk^cX^V Va ÒcZ YZaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ ^c gZaVo^dcZ V fjVcid egZk^hid YVaaV aZ\\Z + bVgod '%%&! c# +) >hiîjo^dcZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ ZY ÒcVaôoVid V/ V [Vkdg^gZ aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZ^ eg^cXê^ Xdhiîjo^dcVa^ Y^ hda^YVg^Zi| hdX^VaZ0 W [Vkdg^gZ ad hkâjeed Y^ jcV XîiVY^cVcoV Vii^kV cZa g^heZiid Z cZaaV kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZ^ eg^cXê^ Y^ j\jV" \a^VcoV! YZbdXgVi^Xî|! idaaZgVcoV! eVg^ deedgijcî| Z Y^ hda^YVg^Zi| hdX^VaZ0 X kVadgôoVgZ aZ [dgbZ Y^ XîiVY^cVcoV Vii^kV YZ^ \^dkVc^ igVbîZ aÉZheZg^ZcoV Y^gZiiV ^c jcd heZX^ÒXd hZiidgZ Y^ ^ciZgkZcid0 Y egdbjdkZgZ â hZchd Y^ VeeVgiZcZcoV VaaV Xdbjcî| egdk^cX^VaZ! cVo^dcVaZ Z ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ! hkâjeeVcYd ^ciZgkZci^ Y^ ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ Z XdZh^dcZ hdX^VaZ0 Z egdbjdkZgZ aV hda^YVg^Zi| Z aV XddeZgVo^dcZ Xdc eVgi^XdaVgZ g^\jVgYd VaaV ijiZaV YZ^ Y^gîi^ hdX^Va^! V^ hZgkô^ VaaV eZghdcV! Vaad hkâjeed YZaaV hZch^Wâî| ^ciZg\ZcZgVo^dcVaZ Z VaaÉZYjXVo^dcZ VaaV eVXZ igV ^ ededa^0 [ eVgiZXêVgZ VaaV hVakV\jVgY^V Z VaaV ijiZaV YZa eVig^bdc^d VbW^ZciVaZ! hidg^Xd"Vgi^hi^Xd! XjaijgVaZ Z VaaV egdiZo^dcZ X^kâZ0 \ egdbjdkZgZ Z hdhiZcZgZ aV [dgbVo^dcZ X^k^XV! hdX^VaZ! XjaijgVaZ Z egd[Zhh^dcVaZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ bZY^VciZ Vii^kî| hkdaiV VcX]Z ^c Zci^ Z Vbb^c^higVo^dc^ deZgVci^ VaaÉZhiZgd0 ] ^cXZci^kVgZ hZiidg^ Z Vo^dc^ ^ccdkVi^kZ eZg ad hkâjeed Y^ jcV XjaijgV YZaaV eVXZ Z YZaad hkâjeed hdhiZc^WâZ0 ^ XdaaVWdgVgZ Xdc aÉj[ÒX^d cVo^dcVaZ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! Xdc VaigZ ^hiîjo^dc^ gZ\^dcVa^! cVo^dcVa^ d ^ciZgcVo^dcVa^ X]Z XdcY^k^YVcd ^ eg^cXê^ V^ fjVa^ ^he^gVid â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ! eZg VgbdcôoVgcZ Z ediZco^VgcZ \a^ ^ciZgkZci^# (# 6^ Òc^ Y^ fjZhid gZ\daVbZcid/ V aV aZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ c# * YZa '%%,! ^cY^XViV XdbZ ÆaZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZÇ0 W aÉVaWd egdk^cX^VaZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! ^cY^XVid XdbZ ÆVaWd egdk^cX^VaZÇ0 X aV higjiijgV YZaaV Egdk^cX^V VjidcdbV Y^ IgZcid XdbeZiZciZ ^c bViZg^V Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! ^cY^XViV XdbZ ÆhigjiijgV egdk^cX^VaZ XdbeZiZciZÇ0 Y \a^ Zci^! aZ dg\VcôoVo^dc^ Z ^ hd\\Zii^ ^hXgîi^ VaaÉVaWd egdk^cX^VaZ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! hdcd ^cY^XVi^ XdbZ ÆZci^Ç#

6gi# ' 6aWd egdk^cX^VaZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ &# AV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ V^ hZch^ YZaaÉVgi^Xdad &-! XdbbV &! aZiiZgV Y ! YZaaV aZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ! ^hiîj^hXZ aÉVaWd egdk^cX^VaZ! hjYY^k^hd cZaaV hZo^dcZ cVo^dcVaZ Z ^c fjZaaV egdk^cX^VaZ hZXdcYd fjVcid egZk^hid YVaaÉVgi^Xdad '% YZaaV aZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ# '# Edhhdcd g^X]^ZYZgZ aÉ^hXgô^dcZ cZaaV hZo^dcZ egdk^cX^VaZ YZaaÉVaWd egdk^cX^VaZ ^ hd\\Zii^ ^c edhhZhhd YZ^ gZfj^hî^ egZk^hi^ YVaaÉVgi^Xdad '% YZaaV aZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ0 V iVa ÒcZ aV <^jciV egd"

G:<DA6B:CID Y^ 6IIJ6O>DC:

k^cX^VaZ Xdc egdeg^V YZa^WZgVo^dcZ YZÒc^hXZ aZ egdXZYjgZ Z aZ bdYVaî| eZg aÉ^hXgô^dcZ cZaaV hZo^dcZ hiZhhV# (# AV higjiijgV egdk^cX^VaZ XdbeZiZciZ egdkkZYZ VaaZ ^hXgô^dc^ cZaaZ hZo^dc^ YZaaÉVaWd egdk^cX^VaZ cdcX] VaaV iZcjiV Z VaaV \Zhi^dcZ YZaaÉVaWd bZYZh^bd#

6gi# ( EgdXZYjgV eZg aÉVYdo^dcZ YZa e^Vcd egdk^cX^VaZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ &# AV higjiijgV egdk^cX^VaZ XdbeZiZciZ egZY^hedcZ ad hX]ZbV Y^ e^Vcd egdk^cX^VaZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! ZaVWdgVid hZXdcYd fjVcid hiVWâîd YVaaÉVgi^Xdad &. YZaaV aZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ# AV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ VeegdkV â e^Vcd! egZk^d eVgZgZ YZa 8dch^\a^d YZaaZ Vjidcdb^Z adXVa^#

6gi# ) >ckîd V egdedggZ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ! kVajiVo^dcZ Z \gVYjVidg^V YZ\a^ hiZhh^ &# AV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ! ^c ViijVo^dcZ Y^ fjVcid egZk^hid YVa e^Vcd egdk^cX^VaZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! [dgbjaV jc ^ckîd V egdedggZ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ g^kdaid V\a^ Zci^ Z cZ Y| ejWWa^Xî| hja hîd ^ciZgcZi YZaaV higjiijgV egdk^cX^VaZ XdbeZiZciZ# '# AÉ^ckîd V egdedggZ ^cY^XV ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ/ V ^ gZfj^hî^ X]Z \a^ Zci^ YZkdcd edhhZYZgZ eZg egdedggZ egd\Zii^0 W \a^ ZaZbZci^ ZhhZco^Va^ YZ^ egd\Zii^0 X aZ XVgViiZg^hi^X]Z! aV iêdad\^V Z aV YjgViV YZ^ egd\Zii^0 Y aZ bdYVaî| Z ^ iZgb^c^ eZg aV egZhZciVo^dcZ YZ^ egd\Zii^ Z aV gZaVi^kV bdYja^hi^XV0 Z aZ bdYVaî| Z ^ XgîZg^ Y^ kVajiVo^dcZ Z Y^ Vbb^hh^Wâî| Va ÒcVco^VbZcid YZ^ egd\Zii^# (# AV higjiijgV egdk^cX^VaZ XdbeZiZciZ egdkkZYZ VaaV egZa^b^cVgZ kZg^ÒXV YZa edhhZhhd YZ^ gZfj^hî^ YV eVgiZ YZ\a^ Zci^ egdedcZci^ Z! ^c XVhd Y^ Zhîd [VkdgZkdaZ Y^ iVaZ kZg^ÒXV! VaaV kVajiVo^dcZ YZ^ egd\Zii^ Z VaaV VhhZ\cVo^dcZ Y^ jc ejciZ\\^d V X^VhXjc egd\Ziid# AV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ VeegdkV aV \gVYjVidg^V YZ^ egd\Zii^ ^cY^k^YjVcYd fjZaa^ VbbZhh^ V ÒcVco^VbZcid#

6gi# * 7VcYd eZg aV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ V^ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ &# >c ViijVo^dcZ Y^ fjVcid egZk^hid YVa e^Vcd egdk^cX^VaZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! aV higjiijgV egdk^cX^VaZ XdbeZiZciZ egZY^hedcZ jc Vkk^hd ejWWa^Xd! Y^ hZ\jîd YZcdb^cVid ÆWVcYdÇ! eZg ^c[dgbVgZ ^ \^dkVc^! ^c edhhZhhd YZ^ gZfj^hî^ ^cY^XVi^ YVaaÉVgi^Xdad +! ^c dgY^cZ VaaV edhh^Wâî| Y^ eVgiZXêVgZ VaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZ^ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ VbbZhh^ V ÒcVco^VbZcid V^ hZch^ YZaaÉVgi^Xdad )# >a WVcYd ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ Xdci^ZcZ/ V aV iêdad\^V! aV YZXdggZcoV Z aV YjgViV YZ^ egd\Zii^0 W â cjbZgd Y^ \^dkVc^ YV Vkk^VgZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ0 X â igViiVbZcid ZXdcdb^Xd! ^ g^XdcdhX^bZci^ Vhh^XjgVi^k^ Z egZk^YZco^Va^! hZXdcYd fjVcid Y^hedhid YVaaÉVgi^Xdad -0 Y ^ gZfj^hî^ Z aZ XdcYô^dc^ Y^ Vbb^hh^dcZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! hZXdcYd fjVcid Y^hedhid YVaaÉVgi^Xdad +! Z ZkZcijVa^ jaiZg^dg^ gZfj^hî^ egZk^hi^ YVa e^Vcd egdk^cX^VaZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ0 Z aV bdYVaî| Z ^ iZgb^c^ Y^ egZhZciVo^dcZ YZaaV YdbVcYV Y^ eVgiZXêVo^dcZ Z aV gZaVi^kV bdYja^hi^XV0 [ aZ bdYVaî| Z ^ XgîZg^ eZg aV hZaZo^dcZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ X]Z ]Vccd egZhZciVid YdbVcYV Y^ eVgiZXêVo^dcZ VY jc egd\Ziid! aZ bdYVaî| Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ YZaaV \gVYjVidg^V YZ^ \^dkVc^ hiZhh^ eZg X^VhXjc egd\Ziid! cdcX] â iZgb^cZ Zcigd â fjVaZ aÉZciZ YZkZ igVhbZiiZgZ iVaZ \gVYjVidg^V VaaV higjiijgV egdk^cX^VaZ XdbeZiZciZ eZg aZ kZg^ÒX]Z egZk^hiZ YVa XdbbV (0 \ aZ bdYVaî| Y^ Vkk^d Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ0 ] \a^ dWWa^\]^ XdccZhh^ VaaV egZhiVo^dcZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ0 ^ aZ bdYVaî| Y^ VXfj^hô^dcZ Y^ jaiZg^dg^ ^c[dgbVo^dc^ ^c bZgîd V X^VhXjc egd\Ziid# '# > \^dkVc^ ^ciZgZhhVi^ VY jcd heZX^ÒXd egd\Ziid YZkdcd egZhZciVgZ YdbVcYV Y^ eVgiZXêVo^dcZ Y^gZiiVbZciZ VaaÉZciZ X]Z ad ]V egdedhid# (# <a^ Zci^ hjaaV WVhZ YZaaZ YdbVcYZ Y^ eVgiZXêVo^dcZ V^ egd\Zii^ egZhZciViZ! Vii^kVcd aZ egdXZYjgZ Y^ hZaZo^dcZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ hZXdcYd aZ bdYVaî| Z ^ XgîZg^ egZk^hi^ YVa WVcYd# 6a iZgb^cZ YZaaZ egdXZYjgZ Y^ hZaZo^dcZ \a^ Zci^ igVhbZiidcd VaaV higjiijgV egdk^cX^VaZ XdbeZiZciZ aV YdXjbZciVo^dcZ gZaVi^kV V^ \^dkVc^ hZaZo^dcVi^ cdcX] aV \gVYjVidg^V YZ\a^ hiZhh^# )# :cigd fjVgVciVX^cfjZ \^dgc^ aV higjiijgV egdk^cX^VaZ XdbeZiZciZ kZg^ÒXV â edhhZhhd YZ^ gZfj^hî^ egZk^hi^ YVa WVcYd Z VeegdkV aV \gVYjVidg^V0 ^c XVhd Y^ Zhîd cZ\Vi^kd YZaaZ kZg^ÒX]Z aV higjiijgV egdk^cX^VaZ XdbeZiZciZ cZaaÉVeegdkVgZ aV \gVYjVidg^V ZhXajYZ YVaaV hiZhhV â \^dkVcZ eg^kd YZ^ gZfj^hî^# AV higjiijgV egdk^cX^VaZ XdbeZiZciZ ej g^X]^ZYZgZ X]^Vg^bZci^ VaaÉZciZ Z ^c iVa XVhd â iZgb^cZ YZ^ fjVgVciVX^cfjZ \^dgc^ hdheZhd Òcd Va g^XZk^bZcid YZ\a^ hiZhh^# *# AV higjiijgV egdk^cX^VaZ XdbeZiZciZ Xdbjc^XV V X^VhXjc ZciZ â egdkkZY^bZcid Y^ VeegdkVo^dcZ YZaaV \gVYjVidg^V#

6gi# + GZfj^hî^ eZg aÉVbb^hh^dcZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ &# Edhhdcd g^X]^ZYZgZ Y^ eVgiZXêVgZ VaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZ^ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ VbbZhh^ V ÒcVco^VbZcid V^ hZch^ YZaaÉVgi^Xdad )! ^ \^dkVc^ X]Z/ V VWW^Vcd Xdbe^jid ^ Y^X^diid Vcc^ Z cdc hjeZgVid â kZcidiiZh^bd Vccd Y^ Zi|0

G:<DA6B:CID Y^ 6IIJ6O>DC:

W cdc VWW^Vcd gêdgiVid XdcYVccZ VcX]Z cdc YZÒcî^kZ VaaV eZcV YZaaV gZXajh^dcZ hjeZg^dgZ VY jc Vccd eZg YZaîid cdc Xdaedhd dkkZgd VY jcV eZcV VcX]Z Y^ Zciî| ^c[Zg^dgZ eZg jc YZaîid Xdcigd aV eZghdcV d XdcXZgcZciZ YZiZco^dcZ! jhd! edgid! igVhedgid! ^bedgiVo^dcZ d ZhedgiVo^dcZ âaZXîV Y^ Vgb^ d bViZg^Z ZheadYZci^ dkkZgd eZg YZaîi^ g^\jVgYVci^ aÉVeeVgiZcZcoV d â [VkdgZ\\^VbZcid V \gjee^ ZkZgh^k^! iZggdg^hi^X^! d Y^ Xg^b^cVaî| dg\VcôoViV# '# > gZfj^hî^ egZk^hi^ YVa XdbbV & YZkdcd ZhhZgZ edhhZYji^ VaaV YViV Y^ hXVYZcoV YZa iZgb^cZ Y^ egZhZciVo^dcZ YZaaZ YdbVcYZ Y^ Vbb^hh^dcZ V^ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ Z! VY ZXXZo^dcZ YZa a^bîZ Y^ Zi|! YZkdcd ZhhZgZ bVciZcji^ h^cd Va iZgb^cZ YZa egd\Ziid# (# >a WVcYd eZg aV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ V^ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ! V^ hZch^ YZaaÉVgi^Xdad *! XdbbV &! aZiiZgV Y ! ej ^cY^k^YjVgZ jaiZg^dg^ heZX^ÒX^ gZfj^hî^ eZg aÉVbb^hh^dcZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ V^ egd\Zii^# )# 6a HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ cdc hdcd VbbZhh^ ^ \^dkVc^ VeeVgiZcZci^ V Xdge^ bâîVg^ d VaaZ [dgoZ Y^ edaô^V#

6gi# , 8dcYô^dc^ eZg aV egZhV ^c hZgkô^d Z XdcigViid Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ &# > \^dkVc^ ^chZgî^ cZaaV \gVYjVidg^V VeegdkViV V^ hZch^ YZaaÉVgi^Xdad *! XdbbV )! edhhdcd ZhhZgZ Vkk^Vi^ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ hdad Yded aV hdiidhXgô^dcZ YZa XdcigViid Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ# '# AV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ VeegdkV jcd hX]ZbV iêd Y^ XdcigViid Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ â fjVaZ YZkZ egZkZYZgZ ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ/ V aÉZciZ egZhhd â fjVaZ hkda\Z â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ Z â egd\Ziid Y^ VhhZ\cVo^dcZ0 W aV YViV Y^ ^cô^d YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ0 X â igViiVbZcid ZXdcdb^Xd Z \^jg^Y^Xd YZ^ \^dkVc^! cZa g^heZiid Y^ fjVcid Y^hedhid YVaaÉVgi^Xdad -0 Y aZ cdgbZ Y^ XdbedgiVbZcid VaaZ fjVa^ ^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ YZkdcd ViiZcZgh^ Z aZ gZaVi^kZ hVco^dc^ eZg â bVcXVid g^heZiid0 Z ^ XVh^ Y^ ^ciZggjo^dcZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ Z aZ gZaVi^kZ XdchZ\jZcoZ#

6gi# - IgViiVbZcid ZXdcdb^Xd! \^jg^Y^Xd! Vhh^XjgVi^kd Z egZk^YZco^VaZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ &# 6^ \^dkVc^ X]Z XdcXdggdcd VaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ aV higjiijgV egdk^cX^VaZ XdbeZiZciZ Zgd\V â igViiVbZcid ZXdcdb^Xd cZaaV b^hjgV egZk^hiV eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ! XdbZ Y^hXêa^cVid YVaaÉVgi^Xdad . YZa YZXgZid aZ\^haVi^kd * VegâZ '%%'! c# ,, 9^hXêa^cV YZa HZgkô^d X^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ V cdgbV YZaaÉVgi^Xdad ' YZaaV A# + bVgod '%%&! c# +) # 6^ hZch^ YZa XdbbV & YZa bZYZh^bd Vgi^Xdad . YZa YZXgZid aZ\^haVi^kd c# ,, YZa '%%'! aÉVii^kî| hkdaiV cZaaÉVbWîd YZ^ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ cdc YZiZgb^cV aÉ^chiVjgVo^dcZ Y^ jc gVeedgid Y^ aVkdgd Z cdc XdbedgiV aV hdheZch^dcZ Z aV XVcXZaaVo^dcZ YVaaZ a^hiZ Y^ XdaadXVbZcid d YVaaZ a^hiZ Y^ bdWâî|# '# CZ^ a^bî^ YZaaV Y^hedc^Wâî| ÒcVco^Vg^V YZa [dcYd egdk^cX^VaZ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ aV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ hiVWâ^hXZ aV b^hjgV! ^ XgîZg^ Z aZ bdYVaî| eZg â g^bWdghd YZaaZ heZhZ hdhiZcjiZ YV^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ eZg aV Xdcig^Wjo^dcZ kdadciVg^V gZaVi^kV VaaV egZk^YZcoV hdX^VaZ ejWWa^XV# (# 6^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ aV Egdk^cX^V \VgVci^hXZ aV XdeZgijgV Vhh^XjgVi^kV eZg ^ XVh^ Y^ ^c[dgijc^d Z Y^ gZhedchVWâî| X^kâZ kZghd iZgo^ XdccZhh^ VaaZ Vii^kî| YZ^ egd\Zii^0 iVaZ dcZgZ ^bejiVid Va [dcYd egdk^cX^VaZ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ#

6gi# . HVco^dc^ &# AZ hVco^dc^ eZg â bVcXVid g^heZiid YZaaZ cdgbZ Y^ XdbedgiVbZcid VaaZ fjVa^ ^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ YZkdcd ViiZcZgh^ hdcd hiVWâîZ YVaaV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ cZaaÉVbWîd YZaad hX]ZbV iêd Y^ XdcigViid Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egZk^hid YVaaÉVgi^Xdad ,! XdbbV '! ViiZcZcYdh^ Va eg^cXê^d Y^ \gVYjVaî| Z Y^ egdedgo^dcVaî| ^c gZaVo^dcZ VaaV \gVkî| YZaaV k^daVo^dcZ edhiV ^c ZhhZgZ Z YZaaZ XdchZ\jZcoZ YZg^kVci^ YVaaV k^daVo^dcZ# '# 6\a^ Zci^ ^hXgîi^ VaaV hZo^dcZ egdk^cX^VaZ YZaaÉVaWd egdk^cX^VaZ h^ Veea^XVcd! ^c fjVcid XdbeVi^Wâ^! aZ hVco^dc^ egZk^hiZ eZg \a^ Zci^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ YVaaV cdgbVi^kV cVo^dcVaZ k^\ZciZ ^c bViZg^V#

6gi# &% 8dchjaiV egdk^cX^VaZ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ &# 6aaV ^hiîjo^dcZ YZaaV XdchjaiV egdk^cX^VaZ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdkkZYZ aV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ hZXdcYd fjVcid hiVWâîd YV fjZhid Vgi^Xdad# '# AV XdchjaiV XdbedhiV YV fj^cY^X^ bZbWg^ ^c gVeegZhZciVcoV YZ\a^ Zci^ ^hXgîi^ VaaÉVaWd egdk^cX^VaZ ZY ZaZii^ YVaaÉVhhZbWaZV YZ\a^ hiZhh^ hZXdcYd fjVcid Y^hedhid YVa XdbbV (# (# AV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ Xdc egdeg^V YZa^WZgVo^dcZ YZÒc^hXZ aZ bdYVaî| Y^ XdckdXVo^dcZ Z Y^ [jco^dcVbZcid YZaaÉVhhZbWaZV eZg aÉZaZo^dcZ YZ^ gVeegZhZciVci^ YZ\a^ Zci^! egZkZYZcYd ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ ^ gZfj^hî^ eZg aV kVa^Yî| YZaaÉVhhZbWaZV! cdcX] ^ XgîZg^ Z aZ bdYVaî| eZg Vhh^XjgVgZ! cZaaV Xdbedhô^dcZ YZaaV XdchjaiV! jcÉVYZ\jViV gVeegZhZciVcoV YZ\a^ Zci^ Y^ gâZ" kVcoV cVo^dcVaZ Z egdk^cX^VaZ# 8dc ad hiZhhd egdkkZY^bZcid hdcd VaigZh hiVWâîZ aZ bdYVaî| eZg aV XdckdXVo^dcZ YZaaZ VhhZbWaZZ hjXXZhh^kZ VaaV eg^bV#

G:<DA6B:CID Y^ 6IIJ6O>DC:

)# AV XdchjaiV daigZ V fjVcid egZk^hid YVaaÉVgi^Xdad ''! XdbbV (! YZaaV aZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ hkda\Z ^ hZ\jZci^ Xdbeî^/ V egdedcZ VaaV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ! igVbîZ aV higjiijgV egdk^cX^VaZ XdbeZiZciZ! ^cô^Vi^kZ Y^ gâZkVcoV egdk^cX^VaZ V [VkdgZ YZaad hkâjeed Z YZa ediZco^VbZcid YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ0 W XjgV ^ gVeedgi^ Xdc VcVad\]^ dg\Vc^hb^ gZ\^dcVa^ Z cVo^dcVa^0 X hj g^X]^ZhiV YZaaÉVhhZhhdgZ egdk^cX^VaZ XdbeZiZciZ ^c bViZg^V Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! Zheg^bZ eVgZgZ hjaaZ ^cô^Vi^kZ gZaVi^kZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdk^cX^VaZ0 Y deZgV ^c higZiid gVXXdgYd Xdc aV higjiijgV egdk^cX^VaZ XdbeZiZciZ eZg aV Xdhigjo^dcZ Y^ jc h^hiZbV Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ dg^ZciVid VaaV fjVaî|# *# AV XdchjaiV YjgV ^c XVg^XV X^cfjZ Vcc^0 aV XdchjaiV V bV\\^dgVcoV VhhdajiV YZ^ hjd^ XdbedcZci^ cdb^cV Va hjd ^ciZgcd â egZh^YZciZ Z hiVWâ^hXZ jc egdeg^d gZ\daVbZcid Y^ [jco^dcVbZcid# AV XdchjaiV h^ g^jc^hXZ VabZcd YjZ kdaiZ VaaÉVccd Z hj g^X]^ZhiV hXgîiV Y^ VabZcd aV bZi| YZ^ XdbedcZci^#

6gi# && 9^hXêa^cV YZa [dcYd egdk^cX^VaZ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ &# AV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ YZiZgb^cV VccjVabZciZ aV Xdch^hiZcoV YZa [dcYd egdk^cX^VaZ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! egZk^hid YVaaÉVgi^Xdad '( YZaaV aZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ! iZcjid Xdcid YZaaZ ZcigViZ egZk^hiZ YVa XdbbV &! aZiiZgZ V ! W ! X Z Y YZa bZYZh^bd Vgi^Xdad# '# AZ g^hdghZ VhhZ\cViZ YV Zci^ ejWWa^X^ Z [dcYVo^dc^ WVcXVg^Z cdcX] fjZaaZ YZg^kVci^ YV YdcVo^dc^ Y^ hd\\Zii^ ejWWa^X^ d eg^kVi^ hdcd \ZhiîZ YVaaV Egdk^cX^V cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaV eVgiZ >> Æ:cigViZ eZg XdciVWâî| heZX^Va^Ç YZa WâVcX^d egdk^cX^VaZ#

6gi# &' 9^hedhô^dc^ igVchîdg^Z &# AV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ Zcigd jc Vccd YVaaV YViV Y^ ZcigViV ^c k^\dgZ Y^ fjZhid gZ\daVbZcid VeegdkV â e^Vcd egdk^cX^VaZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egZk^hid YVaaÉVgi^Xdad &. YZaaV aZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ! hZXdcYd aV egdXZYjgV hiVWâîV YVaaÉVgi^Xdad ( Y^ fjZhid gZ\daVbZcid# '# :cigd jc bZhZ YVaaV YViV Y^ ZcigViV ^c k^\dgZ Y^ fjZhid gZ\daVbZcid! aV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ hiVWâ^hXZ aZ bdYVaî| Z XgîZg^ eZg aÉViijVo^dcZ Y^ fjVcid egZk^hid YVaaÉVgi^Xdad '& W^h YZaaV aZ\\Z egdk^cX^VaZ Òcd VaaV YViV Y^ VeegdkVo^dcZ YZa e^Vcd egdk^cX^VaZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ# >a egZhZciZ YZXgZid hVg| ejWWa^XVid cZa Æ7daaZii^cd j[ÒX^VaZÇ YZaaV GZ\^dcZ# :É [Viid dWWa^\d V X]^jcfjZ heZii^ Y^ dhhZgkVgad Z Y^ [Vgad dhhZgkVgZ#

>A EG:H>9:CI: AdgZcod 9ZaaV^

:CI> EGDK>C8>6A>

6HH>HI:CO6

66I 6HHD8>6O>DC: 6B>8> IG:CI>C>

8=> H>6BD

K^V :hiZgaZ! '+ (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& '+%).%

AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ 6b^X^ IgZci^c^ dcajh cVhXZ ^c KVahj\VcV cZa &.-% Xdc aV ÒcVaî| Y^ b^\a^dgVgZ aZ XdcYô^dc^ bdgVa^! bViZg^Va^! hdX^Va^ YZ^ b^cdg^ ^c hiVid Y^ cZXZhhî| Z Y^ VWWVcYdcd# CZaaÉ-) g^XdcdhX^bZcid YZaaV eZghdcVaî| \^jg^Y^XV YVaaV E#6#I#! YVa &..,g^XdcdhX^jiV Dcajh Z YVa '%%% :ciZ 6jidgôoVid eZg aÉVYdo^dcZ ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ# Ajc\d â XVbb^cd kdadciVg^hi^Xd " hda^YVaZ eZgXdghd eZg aV egdbdo^dcZ YZa [jijgd YZ^ WVbW^c^ ^c Y^[ÒXdai|! h^ higjiijgViV ^c YjZ VbWî^ deZgVi^k^/ & egdbdo^dcZ Y^ egd\Zii^ Y^ XddeZgVo^dcZ ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ Z ^cô^Vi^kZ Y^ hdhiZ\cd ^cY^k^YjVaZ V Y^hiVcoV V [VkdgZ Y^ WVbW^c^$gV\Voo^ Z YZaaZ adgd [Vb^\a^Z cZa eVZhZ Y^ dg^\^cZ0 & egdbdo^dcZ YZaaÉVYdo^dcZ eZg ^ WVbW^c^ ^c hiVid Y^ idiVaZ Z YZÒcî^kd VWWVcYdcd# 8daaVWdg^Vbd eg^cXêVabZciZ Xdc >cY^V Z CZeVa ^c 6h^V Z Xdc 7da^k^V! 8dadbW^V! ZY :XjVYdg ^c 6bZg^XV AVi^cV#

igZcid5Vb^XîgZci^c^#î lll#Vb^XîgZci^c^#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

Hâk^V 8g^hi^cV OVc\gVcYd igZcid5Vb^XîgZci^c^#î

AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ h^ g^XdcdhXZ cZ^ kVadg^ Y^ eVXZ Z hda^YVg^Zi| egdbdhh^ YVa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Z a^ kZYZ ^c h^cZg\^V Xdc aÉ^beZ\cd hdX^VaZ cZa edgiVgZ \^jhiô^V Z ijiZaV V^ b^cdg^ YZ^ eVZh^ e^ edkZg^# KZY^Vbd aV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ ^c hZgkô^d X^kâZ XdbZ jcÉdeedgijcî| eZg gZVaôoVgZ ^ch^ZbZ cjdk^ egd\Zii^ Y^ \gVcYZ g^XVYjiV hj^ YZhi^cViVg^/ jcÉdXXVh^dcZ h^V Y^ XgZhXîV ^ch^ZbZ hja [gdciZ YZaaZ XdbeZiZcoZ! h^V Y^ Vkk^X^cVbZcid V bdcY^ ZheZg^Zco^Va^ Y^kZgh^# AÉ^ciZco^dcZ [jijgV egdbjdkZgZ jcV cjdkV VgZV Y^ kdadciVg^Vid [ViiV Y^ VYdaZhXZci^ Z \^dkVc^! [V ^ fjVa^ bdai^ Ò\a^ VYdii^k^0 jg\Z! eZgX^ ! fjZaaV kZciViV Y^ [gZhX]ZooV X]Z ^ \^dkVc^ Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ hVegVccd edgiVgZ cZa XdciViid! cZaaV egd\ZiijVaî| Z cZa aVkdgd Y^ gZiZ Xdc aZ g^hdghZ YZa iZggîdg^d#

696 6HHD8>6O>DC: 9>G>II> 6CO>6C>

8=> H>6BD

K^V H# E^d M! -* (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& .((,,(

VYV#ic5i^hXVa^#^i lll#VYV"ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

EVdaV <diiVgY^

VYV#ic5i^hXVa^#^i

CViV cZa cdkZbWgZ YZa &..-! aÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ eZg ^ 9^gîi^ YZ\a^ 6co^Vc^! g^XdcdhX^jiV XdbZ :ciZ CVo^dcVaZ VkZciZ ÒcVaî| Vhh^hiZco^Va^# 6#9#6#! ^c ijiiZ aZ Vii^kî| Y^ Xj^ h^ [V egdbdig^XZ! bZiiZ Va XZcigd YZaaZ hjZ Vo^dc^ aV eZghdcV! dkkZgd aÉVco^Vcd W^hd\cdhd Y^ XjgV ZY Vhh^hiZcoV! bZY^VcYd aÉ^cXdcigd igV Vco^Vcd Z WVYVciZ! [VkdgZcYdcZ aZ Vii^kî| hdX^Va^ aZ fjVa^ V\\^jc\dcd Vcc^ Z fjVaî| Y^ kîV# AÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ hkda\Z ^cdaigZ jcÉ^bedgiVciZ deZgV Y^ hZch^Wâî| Z hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ ViigVkZghd aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Z aV egd\gVbbVo^dcZ Y^ Xdgh^ Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ! XdbZ â XVgZ \^kZg! ^c[dgbVi^XV! ^c\aZhZ! Vii^kî| bdidg^V! XdckZ\c^ ZY ^cXdcig^ ^c[dgbVi^k^ hjaaZ eg^cXêVa^ egdWaZbVi^X]Z X]Z ^ciZgZhhVcd YZa k^kZgZ fjdi^Y^Vcd YZaaÉVco^Vcd# 6#9#6# d[[gZ ^cdaigZ â hZgkô^d Y^ hedgiZaad Y^ VhXdaid! hZ\gZiVg^Vid hdX^VaZ Z VXXd\a^ZcoV h^V eZg WVYVci^ X]Z eZg Vco^Vc^! ijii^ ^ \^dgc^# AÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ 696 ]V \^| [Viid aÉZheZg^ZcoV Y^ VkkVaZgh^ YZ\a^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV ^c eVhhVid Z YZ^ kdadciVg^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Xdc jc egd\Ziid cVo^dcVaZ# FjZhiV deedgijcî| hiViV kZgVbZciZ edhî^kV h^V eZg \a^ VheZii^ gZaVo^dcVa^ h^V eZg â hjeedgid [dgcîd YV^ \^dkVc^ bdaid bdi^kVi^ V hkda\ZgZ iVaZ ^ccdkVi^kV ZheZg^ZcoV#8dc ^ eVgiZXêVci^ hdcd hiVi^ ViijVi^ YZ^ egd\Zii^ g^\jVgYVci^ aV h^XjgZooV cZ^ Y^kZgh^ bdbZci^ YZaaV kîV YZaaÉVco^Vcd Z â egd\Ziid X]Z kZgg| gZVaôoVid egdhh^bVbZciZ hVg| fjZaad YZaaÉ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ YZaaV WVYVciZ cZaaV [Vb^\a^V Z cZaaÉVbW^ZciZ Y^ kîV YZaaÉVco^Vcd# 6 iVaZ hXded 696 egdkkZYZg| VY Z[[ZiijVgZ YZ^ Xdgh^ XVgZ \^kZg VeedhîVbZciZ hijY^Vi^ eZg [dgbVgZ aZ WVYVci^ hZXdcYd aZ cZXZhhî| g^X]^ZhiZ YVaaÉVco^Vcd# >cdaigZ \a^ Vco^Vc^ kZc\dcd V^jiVi^ cZaaV Y^hig^Wjo^dcZ Y^ eVXX]^ Va^bZciVg^ X]Z eZgkZc\dcd YVaaÉ6\ZV Z YVa 7VcXd 6a^bZciVgZ# 6iijVabZciZ kZc\dcd Y^hig^Wjî^ eVXX]^ V &*% [Vb^\a^Z Z V iVaZ egdedhîd hVgVccd hZch^WâôoVi^ ^ kdadciVg^ bZiiZcYda^ V XdciViid Xdc gZVai| Y^hV\^ViZ egZhZci^ hja iZggîdg^d igZci^cd#

AÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ 696 ]V \^| [Viid aÉZheZg^ZcoV Y^ VkkVaZgh^ YZ\a^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV ^c eVhhVid Z YZ^ kdadciVg^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Xdc jc egd\Ziid cVo^dcVaZ# FjZhiV deedgijcî| hiViV kZgVbZciZ edhî^kV h^V eZg \a^ VheZii^ gZaVo^dcVa^ h^V eZg â hjeedgid [dgcîd YV^ \^dkVc^ bdaid bdi^kVi^ V hkda\ZgZ iVaZ ^ccdkVi^kV ZheZg^ZcoV# 8dc ^ eVgiZXêVci^ hdcd hiVi^ ViijVi^ YZ^ egd\Zii^ g^\jVgYVci^ aV h^XjgZooV cZ^ Y^kZgh^ bdbZci^ YZaaV kîV YZaaÉVco^Vcd Z â egd\Ziid X]Z kZgg| gZVaôoVid egdhh^bVbZciZ hVg| fjZaad YZaaÉ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ YZaaV WVYVciZ cZaaV [Vb^\a^V Z cZaaÉVbW^ZciZ Y^ kîV YZaaÉVco^Vcd# 6 iVaZ hXded 696 egdkkZYZg| VY Z[[ZiijVgZ YZ^ Xdgh^ XVgZ \^kZg VeedhîVbZciZ hijY^Vi^ eZg [dgbVgZ aZ WVYVci^ hZXdcYd aZ cZXZhhî| g^X]^ZhiZ YVaaÉVco^Vcd# >cdaigZ \a^ Vco^Vc^ kZc\dcd V^jiVi^ cZaaV Y^hig^Wjo^dcZ Y^ eVXX]^ Va^bZciVg^ X]Z eZgkZc\dcd YVaaÉ6\ZV Z YVa 7VcXd 6a^bZciVgZ# 6iijVabZciZ kZc\dcd Y^hig^Wjî^ eVXX]^ V &*% [Vb^\a^Z Z V iVaZ egdedhîd hVgVccd hZch^WâôoVi^ ^ kdadciVg^ bZiiZcYda^ V XdciViid Xdc gZVai| Y^hV\^ViZ egZhZci^ hja iZggîdg^d igZci^cd# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Æ6co^Vc^ Z WVYVci^! jc gVeedgid YV ijiZaVgZ#Ç 9Vc^ZaV 8dcX^ Z 9^Z\d HVaôodc^#

6B6A>6 <J6G9>C>

( K^V EVhfj^! +( (-%+- GdkZgZid IC iZaZ[dcd %)+) ).%+&* [Vm %)+) ).%'++

8=> H>6BD

AV HdX^Zi| 8ddeZgVi^kV HdX^VaZ 6bVa^V <jVgY^c^ cViV cZa &.-% XdbZ 8>AH 8ddeZgVi^kV >cô^Vi^kZ AVkdg^ HdX^Va^ ! aV eg^bV 8ddeZgVi^kV hdgiV ^c GdkZgZid ^ciZhV V \VgVci^gZ V\a^ dheî^ Y^hVWâ^ aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ cdc ^ciZggdbeZgZ aÉîZg Y^ gZXjeZgd ^cô^Vid Xdc ^ Xdgh^ hXjdaV! egdedcZcYd Vii^kî| Y^ aVkdgd Y^ iêd Vgi^\^VcVaZ# Ý jc 8Zcigd HdX^d DXXjeVo^dcVaZ! X]Z ViijVabZciZ VXXd\a^Z () eZghdcZ# 6iigVkZghd bZidYdad\^Z hX^Zci^ÒX]Z gZVaôoV ^ciZgkZci^ ^cY^k^YjVaôoVi^ Y^ VWâîVo^dcZ V [VkdgZ Y^ jcV b^\a^dgZ Vjidcdb^V ZY ^cYêZcYZcoV cZa XdciZhid Y^ kîV# AZ Vii^kî| hdcd aZ e^ kVg^Z Z h^ XdcXgZiôoVcd h^V VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZaaV higjiijgV! X]Z VaaÉZhiZgcd! igV fjZhiZ/ aVWdgVidg^ Y^ hVgidg^V! VhhZbWaV\\^d! \ZcZgVaôoVo^dcZ! XgZVi^kî|! ^c[dgbVi^XV! bdidg^V Z a^c\j^hi^XV# ;dcYVbZciVaZ â XdcigViid [dgbVi^kd X]Z aZ\V aV [Vb^\a^V Z aV HigjiijgV eZg â Egd\Ziid Y^ KîV YZaaÉjiZciZ# >chdhiîj^WâZ â Xdcig^Wjid edgiVid YV^ kdadciVg^ X]Z [gZfjZciVcd â 8Zcigd# KVg^Z XdaaVWdgVo^dc^ Xdc aZ 6\Zco^Z h^bâVg^ YZa iZggîdg^d Z \a^ ^hiîji^ hXdaVhi^X^ ZY jc^kZghîVg^#

Y^gZo^dcZ5XddeZgVi^kV\jVgY^c^#^i lll#XddeZgVi^kV\jVgY^c^#^i

>c g^XdgYd YZaaZ hda^YZ eVhhViZ ZheZg^ZcoZ Y^ dW^Zo^dcZ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV! aZ bdi^kVo^dc^ Y^ VYZh^dcZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hdcd bdaiZ# IgV aZ e^ ^bedgiVci^/ d[[g^gZ V\a^ jiZci^ ^chZgî^ H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: bdYZaa^ Y^ kîV \^dkVcâZ! [Vg heZg^bZciVgZ adgd gZaVo^dc^ Y^kZghZ Z e^ k^X^cZ VaaV adgd Zi| cZaaÉdii^XV Y^ hdX^VaôoVo^dcZ ZY deedgijcî| Y^ XgZhXîV cZa egdeg^d VbW^ZciZ! d[[g^gZ gZ[ZgZciZ edhh^Wâî| Y^ Xdc[gdcid VcX]Z V\a^ VYYZii^ Va aVkdgd ^c egdXZhh^ d Vo^dc^ eVgi^XdaVg^ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ YZaaÉV\^gZ ZYjXVi^kd# EZg X]^ hXZ\a^Z Y^ ÆheZcYZgZÇ â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egZhhd aV cdhigV HigjiijgV! ^ckZXZ hdcd g^X]^ZhiZ fjVaî| Y^ ÓZhh^Wâî| Z Y^ ViiZco^dcZ VaaV eZghdcV! iVa^ YV ediZg XgZVgZ! B^X]ZaZ EV^hhVc hdhiZcZgZ! bVciZcZgZ Z g^c[dgoVgZ jc ^chZg^bZcid Xdc kVaZcoV ZYjXVi^kV VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZa Y^gZo^dcZ5XddeZgVi^kV\jVgY^c^#î iZVb Y^ aVkdgd Z hja Xa^bV \ZcZgVaZ YZaaÉVbWîd gZaVo^dcVaZ# AV Y^cVb^Xî| Z aV Xdci^cjV Zkdajo^dcZ ^c g^hedhiV V^ W^hd\c^ YZ\a^ jiZci^ edhhdcd ZhhZgZ fj^cY^! eZg â \^dkVcZ! edhh^Wâî| Y^ ^ckZhi^gZ iVaZ eZg^dYd Y^ kîV VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZaaV 8ddeZgVi^kV <jVgY^c^#

6C;;6H IG:CI>CD

)

8=> H>6BD

K^V <#7#IgZcZg! (-&'& IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& )%,*&&

6C;;6H cVhXZ V GdbV cZa &.*- ZY ^c IgZci^cd cZa &.+* ZY aV eg^bV VhhdX^Vo^dcZ îVa^VcV hdgiV V ijiZaV YZ^ Y^gîi^ YZaaV EZghdcV Xdc Y^[ÒXdai| ^ciZaaZii^kZ Z gZaVo^dcVa^ Z YZaaV HjV [Vb^\a^V# AV HZo^dcZY^ IgZcid cViV cZa &.+* ZY d\\^ YZcdb^cViV 6C;;6H IG:CI>CD Dcajh# Ad hXded YZaaV hjV Vo^dcZ egdbjdkZgZ â WZcZhhZgZ YZaaV eZghdcV Xdc Y^hVWâî| ^ciZaaZii^kV Z gZaVo^dcVaZ Z YZaaV hjV [Vb^\a^V! ViigVkZghd Vii^kî| ZYjXVi^kZ ZY VWâîVi^kZ! ÒcVaôoViZ VaaÉVhh^hiZcoV ZY VaaV [dgbVo^dcZ! hkdaiZ ^c VeedhîZ higjiijgZ Y^[[ZgZco^ViZ ^c WVhZ V W^hd\c^ ZY Zi|# DeZgV hja iZggîdg^d YZaaV E6I Xdc '( 8Zcig^ 9^jgc^ Ä &' 8dbjcî| 6aad\\^d Ä â 8Zcigd GZh^YZco^VaZ CjdkV 8VhV HZgZcV! ^ 8Zcig^ 6WâîVi^k^ eZg aÉZi| Zkdaji^kV >a eVZhZ Y^ Do Z 8gZhX^Vbd >ch^ZbZ! , 8Zcig^ 9^jgc^ Y^ ;dgbVo^dcZ Egd[Zhh^dcVaZ VeeVgiZcZci^ Va Egd\Ziid ÆEZg#AVÇ eZgXdghd aVkdgd! & 6iZa^Zg! & 8VhV HViZaaîZ # 6ii^kV Z \Zhi^hXZ VcX]Z eZgXdgh^ Y^ Vhh^hiZcoV hXdaVhi^XV! ZYjXVi^kV Ydb^Xâ^VgZ! XdchjaZcoZ hVcîVg^Z! dg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ hd\\^dgc^ Zhi^k^# AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ XdciV )(( hdX^ Z h^ dXXjeV Y^ ++% eZghdcZ Xdc Y^hVWâî|! ^be^Z\VcYd ),% XdaaVWdgVidg^ Z daigZ Va kVa^Yd Xdcig^Wjid Y^ ((% kdadciVg^#

VhhdX^Vo^dcZ5Vc[[Vh#ic#^i lll#Vc[[Vh#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

6cYgZV 7dhZii^

VcYgZV#WdhZii^5Vc[[Vh#ic#^i

8dc â '%%. 6C;;6H IG:CI>CD Dcajh ZcigViV V [Vg eVgiZ YZaaÉ6aWd YZ\a^ :ci^ YZaaV Egdk^cX^V 6jidcdbV Y^ IgZcid eZg aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ egd\Zii^ Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ Yded jcÉZheZg^ZcoV kZciZccVaZ hkdaiV igVbîZ aV egdeg^V HZYZ CVo^dcVaZ# EZg aÉVccd ^c Xdghd 6C;;6H ]V egZhZciVid YjZ egd\Zii^ Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ X]Z egZkZYdcd â Xd^ckda\^bZcid YZ^ \^dkVc^ hj Vii^kî| ^c[dgbVi^X]Z eZg aÉ^beaZbZciVo^dcZ YZ^ hî^ ^ciZgcZi YZaaÉZciZ Z eZg ad hkâjeed Y^ cjdkZ deedgijcî| gZaVo^dcVa^ Xdc aZ eZghdcZ edgiVig^X^ Y^ Y^hVWâî| dheî^ cZaaZ 8dbjcî| 6aad\\^d# CZa '%%. Va egd\Ziid ÆEZg XdbegZcYZgZ â egd[jbd YZ^ Xdadg^ Ä IgZcidÇ ]Vccd eVgiZXêVid 9ZWdgV] 6aWVh^c^! AVjgV 7Zgi^! 9Vc^ZaZ 9VaYdhh! <^VYV 9VahVhh! <^ja^d <^dkVcVoo^! 6aZhh^V BVc^Zg^! HZgZcV EVdaVoo^! B^X]ZaV Gjhhd! 6c\ZaV HXVgYV Z 6c\Za^XV HZgVÒc^#

6EEB 6HHD8>6O>DC: EGDK>C8>6A: E:G > B>CDG>

8=> H>6BD

K^V OVbWgV! && (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& -'.-.+ [Vm %)+& -')+++

VhhdX^Vo^dcZb^cdg^5Veeb#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

:cg^Xd 8VejVcd

Veeb#igZcid5i^c#^i

AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ Egdk^cX^VaZ eZg ^ B^cdg^ Ä 6EEB dcajh jcV gZVai| cViV cZa &.,+ XdbZ gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ jc Æhd\cdÇ/ fjZaad Y^ XgZVgZ higjiijgZ Y^ VXXd\a^ZcoV eZg ^ b^cdg^ ^c Y^[Ò" Xdai| eZghdcVaZ Z$d [Vbâ^VgZ â e^ edhh^WâZ g^hedcYZci^ VY jc bdYZaad Y^ iêd [Vbâ^VgZ! Va ÒcZ Y^ \VgVci^gZ Va b^cdgZ aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ hkâjeeVgZ aZ\Vb^! hdhiZcZgZ aV hjV XgZhXîV Òh^XV Z eh^X]^XV! hjeedgiVgad cZaad hijY^d! egdbjdkZgZ aV hjV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ VaaV kîV YZa iZggîdg^d# 9V\a^ ^cô^Va^ \gjee^ [Vb^\a^V! aÉ6EEB heZg^bZciV Z gZVaôoV! Xdc aÉZbZg\ZgZ Y^ cjdkZ Zh^\ZcoZ hdX^Va^! Vaig^ hZgkô^! XdbZ ^ XZcig^ Y^jgc^! ^ XZcig^ VeZgi^ Z ^ XZcig^ Y^ V\\gZ\Vo^dcZ \^dkVcâZ/ hdcd ejci^ Y^ ^cXdcigd eZg â hdhiZ\cd gZaVo^dcVaZ! ad hkda\^bZcid YZ^ Xdbeî^! eZg d[[g^gZ deedgijcî| XjaijgVa^ kVg^Z! daigZ X]Z ajd\]^ Y^ hkV\d Z Y^kZgi^bZcid# CZa &..- hiVid Vkk^Vid jc XZcigd Y^ egdciV VXXd\a^ZcoV0 YVaaÉVccd '%%& Vii^kd jc XZcigd heZg^bZciVaZ eZg b^cdg^ V g^hX]^d eh^Xdad\^Xd$XdbedgiVbZciVaZ# > cdhig^ XZcig^ X]Z ]Vccd hZYZ cZa iZggîdg^d YZaaV Egdk^cX^V Y^ IgZcid hdcd/ IgZcid <gjee^ GZh^YZco^Va^/ BZaiV! Edkd! I^\a^! EVaVood DcYV! 8E6! 8VbedigZci^cd0 8Zcig^ Y^ 6\\gZ\V" o^dcZ \^dkVcâZ AÉ6gZV 0 EZg\^cZ <gjeed GZh^YZco^VaZ Z 8Zcigd 9^jgcd 0 AZk^Xd 8Zcigd 6eZgid 0 AVk^h 8Zcigd 9^jgcd 0 BZoodadbWVgYd 8Zcigd 9^jgcd 0 9^bVgd Egd\Ziid <^d" kVc^ 0 8VcVa HVc 7dkd 8Zcigd 9^jgcd Z I^Zgcd Y^ Bdg^ 8Zcigd 9^jgcd #

AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ! YVa &.-,! ]V hZbegZ VXXdaid cZaaZ hjZ higjiijgZ \a^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV! [VkdgZcYd aV adgd eVgiZXêVo^dcZ VaaV kîV YZaaZ Xdbjcî| Z d[[gZcYd adgd aÉdeedgijcî| Y^ heZg^bZciVgh^ cZaaZ Vii^kî| Xdc ^ gV\Voo^! cZaad hkda\^bZcid YZ^ Xdbeî^! cZaaV dg\V" côoVo^dcZ Z \Zhi^dcZ Y^ Vii^kî| ajY^X]Z eZg â \gjeed! cZaaZ \îZ! cZ^ XVbeZ\\^ Z cZaaZ Vii^kî| hedgi^kZ! cZaaV g^ÓZhh^dcZ hj^ eZgXdgh^ ^cY^k^YjVa^ YZ^ b^cdg^# 8dc aÉVeZgijgV YZ^ 8Zcig^ VeZgi^ Z Y^ fjZaa^ Y^ V\\gZ\Vo^dcZ \^dkVcâZ! aÉ6EEB h^ VcX]Z ^beZ\cViV V ediZco^VgZ aZ gZi^ gZaVo^dcVa^ [gV ^ hd\\Zii^ YZa iZggîdg^d ^c Xj^ hdcd ^chZgîZ fjZhiZ higjiijgZ cZaaV Xdck^co^dcZ Y^ ediZg Xdcig^Wj^gZ! Xdc â egdeg^d aVkdgd! VaaÉ^cXgZ" bZcid YZa WZcZhhZgZ Z Vaad hkâjeed YZa ÆXVeîVaZ hdX^VaZÇ YZaaV hdX^Zi|# >c fjZhiÉdii^XV aÉ6EEB ]V VYZgîd VaaV egdedhiV Y^ VXXd\a^ZgZ ^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ gîZcZcYdaV jcÉdXXVh^dcZ Y^ Vkk^X^cVbZcid V bdcY^ ZheZg^Zco^Va^ Y^kZgh^! h^V eZg fjVcid XdcXZgcZ â gVeedgid [gdciVaZ Xdc ^ gV\Voo^! h^V eZg fjZa X]Z g^\jVgYV â aVkdgd Y^ gZiZ Xdc aZ g^hdghZ YZa iZggîdg^d# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid ÆHi^VbdX^ YZcigd Ç ;gVcXZhXV HVgV =Z^YVg^c^V! KVaZc" i^cd BV\V\c^ Z HiZ[Vcd CZ\g^#

6EHE 86H6 B>6

8=> H>6BD

K^VaZ IgZcid! '+ (-%++ G^kV Y$<VgYV IC iZaZ[dcd %)+) *,+'(&"*,+'%% [Vm %)+) *,+'&'

8VhV B^V cVhXZ XdbZ Dg[VcVigdÒd 8îiVY^cd cZa &.''# CZa &.,& Y^kZciV >hiîjid Z cZa '%%' HZgkô^ HdX^d :YjXVi^k^# 6iijVabZciZ 6o^ZcYV EjWWa^XV Y^ HZgkô^ VaaV EZghdcV Z h^ dXXjeV Y^ g^hedcYZgZ V hîjVo^dc^ Y^ Y^hV\^d b^cdgâZ Z Y^ [Vkdg^gZ Vii^kî| Y^ egZkZco^dcZ YZaad hiZhhd# 6iigVkZghd aV kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZaaZ g^hdghZ Z YZaaZ ediZco^Vaî| eZghdcVa^ YZ^ b^cdg^! â 8VhV B^V ^ciZcYZ hdhiZcZga^ cZa gV\\^jc\^bZcid YZaaV XVeVXî| Y^ Vjidegd\Zi" iVgZ â egdeg^d eZgXdghd Y^ kîV! YV\a^ VheZii^ e^ fjdi^Y^Vc^ V fjZaa^ Y^ hZchd! cZaaZ hXZaiZ hXdaVhi^X]Z Z egd[Zhh^dcVa^! cZ\a^ VheZii^ V[[Zii^k^ Z Y^ hdX^Vaî|# > hZgkô^ egdedhi^ hdcd bdaiZea^X^ Z edc\dcd ViiZco^dcZ VaaV eZghdcV! VaaV hjV ^cY^k^YjV" aî|! Va aVkdgd Y^ gZiZ!VaaV egVi^XV YZaaV XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Z YZaaV XdcY^k^h^dcZ# 6iijVabZciZ â 8VhV B^V \Zhi^hXZ hZgkô^/ & gZh^YZco^Va^/ \gjee^ VeeVgiVbZcid! gZh^YZcoV Vhh^hiîV! Ydb^Xâ^d Vjidcdbd! VeeVgiV" bZcid hZb^"egdiZiid & hZb^gZh^YZco^Va^/ XZcigd Y^jgcd & Va iZggîdg^d/ XZcig^ VeZgi^! egd\Zii^ Xdc aV hXjdaV! ZkZci^ hja iZggîdg^d & heVo^d cZjigd

Y^gZiidgZ5XVhVb^Vg^kV#^i lll#XVhVb^Vg^kV#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

7ZcZYZiiV OjXX]Zaa^ XZcigdY^jgcd5XVhVb^Vg^kV#^i

&%%

8VhV B^V ]V YZX^hd Y^ ^ckZhi^gZ cZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ eZg egdhZ\j^gZ fjZa eZgXdghd Y^ XjgV Z egZhV ^c XVg^Xd YZaaÉVaigd X]Z h^ hiV g^kZaVcYd jc egZo^dhd Xdcig^Wjid eZg gV[[dgoVgZ aV XdZ" h^dcZ hdX^VaZ Z igVh[dgbVgZ aV cdhigV hdX^Zi|# >a HZgkô^d 8^kâZ XgZhX^jid ^c fjZhi^ jai^b^ Vcc^! h^ Vgg^XX]îd Y^ ZheZg^ZcoZ Z Y^ XdcdhXZcoZ! ]V VXfj^hiVid hZbegZ e^ ^bedgiVcoV cZaaV kîV fjdi^Y^VcV Y^ jdb^c^ Z YdccZ Y^kZciVcYd VcX]Z higjbZcid Y^ XdcdhXZcoV Y^ gZVai| Z egd\Zii^# 8VhV B^V ]V kdajid ejciVgZ hj fjZhiV deedgijcî| eZg Y^kZciVgZ hZbegZ e^ gZVai| Vii^kV Z VeZgiV Va iZggîdg^d VegZcYdh^ V cjdkZ Ò\jgZ! XdbZ ^ kdadciVg^! X]Z Y^kZciZgVccd eVgiZ Vii^kV cZ^ cdhig^ hZgkô^# EZg aV cdhigV gZVai| aV eg^bV ZheZg^ZcoV bV YV VaXjc^ Vcc^ hi^Vbd egdedcZcYd jc eZgXdghd Y^ kdadciVg^Vid ^ciZgcd V^ cdhig^ hZgkô^ eZg aZ eZghdcZ \^dkVc^ Z VYjai^ X]Z cZ [Vccd g^X]^ZhiV# FjZhid X^ ]V [Viid jaiZg^dgbZciZ XVe^gZ X]Z ijiiZ fjZhiZ cjdkZ Ò\jgZ hdcd \gVcY^ g^hdghZ Z kVa^Y^ hdhiZ\c^ cZaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZ\a^ dW^Zii^k^ XdcY^k^h^#

6EHE 8>K>86 Y^ IG:CID

8=> H>6BD

K^V H# <^dkVcc^ 7dhXd!&% (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& .-)%%&

lll#X^k^XVicVehe#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

<^VcXVgad ;jbVcZaa^ \^VcXVgad[jbVcZaa^5 X^k^XVicVehe#^i

AV 8^k^XV Y^ IgZcid k^ZcZ [dcYViV cZa &-&, XdbZ ZhegZhh^dcZ YZaaV ÒaVcigde^V Y^ jc \gjeed Y^ XîiVY^c^ Y^ IgZcid Xdc ad hXded Y^ ÆegdkkZYZgZ \gVijîVbZciZ ### Va g^XdkZgd! Va bVciZc^bZcid ZY VaaÉVhh^hiZcoV YZ^ edkZg^ YÉVbWd ^ hZhh^! ^cVWâ^ Va aVkdgd egdÒXjd ½ ^ fjVa^ cdc VWW^Vcd eVgZci^ iZcji^! eZg aZ\\Z! V egdkkZYZgZ Va adgd hdhiZciVbZcid ZY ^c \gVYd Y^ [VgadÇ# CZa iZbed aÉZciZ ]V VYZ\jVid aV hjV b^hh^dcZ ^hiîjo^dcVaZ ^c Vgbdc^V Xdc aÉZkdajo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ YZaaV hdX^Zi| X^kâZ! eVhhVcYd YV jcV eg^bV ZhegZhh^dcZ Y^ hZgkô^d ^hiîjo^dcVaôoVciZ Z hZ\gZ\VciZ cZ^ Xdc[gdci^ YZ^ edkZg^ Z YZ\a^ ^cVWâ^ VaaV ViijVaZ d[[ZgiV Y^ hZgkô^ hdX^Va^! Vhh^hiZco^Va^ Z hVcîVg^ Y^gZii^ VaaV \ZcZgVaî| YZ^ XîiVY^c^ ZY ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ VaaZ eZghdcZ VYjaiZ Y^hVWâ^ Z$d cdc Vjidhj[ÒX^Zci^# D\\^ aV 8^k^XV Y^ IgZcid h^ XdcÒ\jgV fj^cY^ XdbZ jcÉ^hiîjo^dcZ ^chZgîV cZaaV gZiZ Y^ egdiZo^dcZ hdX^VaZ Z hVcîVg^V X]Z! ViigVkZghd ^ egdeg^ hZgkô^! Xdcig^Wj^hXZ V ijiZaVgZ aV hVajiZ Z â WZcZhhZgZ YZ^ hd\\Zii^ ^ciZgZhhVi^ Z V egdbjdkZgcZ jcV b^\a^dgZ fjVaî| Y^ kîV# EZg g^hedcYZgZ ^c bVc^ZgV VYZ\jViV VaaZ Zh^\ZcoZ Vhh^hiZco^Va^ Z hVcîVg^Z! edhiZ ^c bdYd eVgi^XdaVgZ YVaaZ eZghdcZ ^c XdcYô^dc^ Y^ a^bîViV Vjidcdb^V! aÉZciZ ]V Vgi^XdaVid aZ egdeg^Z g^hdghZ ^c bVc^ZgV Y^kZgh^ÒXViV gZVaôoVcYd hZgkô^ gZh^YZco^Va^! hZgkô^ hZb^" gZh^YZco^Va^ Z hZgkô^ VeZgi^#

AV hXZaiV Y^ VYZg^gZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ CVo^dcVaZ bVijgViV Vhh^ZbZ Va YZh^YZg^d Y^ d[[g^gZ V^ \^dkVc^ aÉdeedgijcî| Y^ XdcdhXZgZ jcÉ6o^ZcYV EjWWa^XV Y^ HZgkô^ VaaV EZghdcV/ X]^ hdcd ^ hd\\Zii^ ^ciZgZhhVi^ V^ hZgkô^! fjVa^ hdcd aZ adgd egdWaZbVi^X]Z! XdbZ k^kdcd aV fjdi^Y^Vcî|0 Y^ fjVa^ hZgkô^ edhhdcd jhj[gj^gZ Z fjVa^ Ò\jgZ egd[Zhh^dcVa^ aVkdgVcd eZg â b^\a^dgVbZcid$bVciZc^bZcid YZa adgd WZcZhhZgZ# H^ igViiV YjcfjZ Y^ jcÉZheZg^ZcoV X]Z egd^ZiiV ^ \^dkVc^ ^c jc bdcYd hdaîVbZciZ edXd XdcdhX^jid! jc bdcYd X]Z ^ckZXZ ej hkZaVgh^ jcV kZgV g^hdghV Y^ XdcdhXZcoZ Z Y^ gZaVo^dc^# >c eVgi^XdaVgZ aV 8^k^XV Y^ IgZcid kjdaZ d[[g^gZ V^ \^dkVc^ aÉdeedgijcî| Y^ hkâjeeVgZ aZ egdeg^Z XVeVXî| Z aV egdeg^V XgZVi^kî| VaaÉ^ciZgcd Y^ egd\Zii^ VeedhîVbZciZ Z VXXjgViVbZciZ hijY^Vi^ eZg â Xdci^cjd b^\a^dgVbZcid YZaaV fjVaî| YZa hZgkô^d d[[Zgid# AÉ^ciZco^dcZ fjZaaV Y^ ^beZ\cVgZ ^ \^dkVc^ ^c egd\Zii^ VY Vbe^d gZhe^gd! X]Z eZgbZiiVcd Y^ bZiiZgh^ ^c \^dXd Z heZg^bZciVgZ aZ egdeg^Z XdcdhXZcoZ \Zhi^dcVa^! XdbeZiZcoZ dg\VcôoVi^kZ! aV XVeVXî| Y^ aVkdgVgZ ^c \gjeed Z Y^ \Zhi^gZ Z[ÒXVXZbZciZ gZaVo^dc^ ^ciZgeZghdcVa^! aV XVeVXî| Y^ VcVa^h^! Y^ e^Vc^ÒXVo^dcZ Z Y^ egd\gVbbVo^dcZ! aÉVWâî| V g^hdakZgZ egdWaZb^ Z V gV\\^jc\ZgZ YZ\a^ dW^Zii^k^# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid ÆJcV XVhV VeZgiV Va bdcYdÇ AdgZcod KVaXVcdkZg Z HVakd K^daV#

&%&

6EHE <>DK6CC> :C9G>OO>

8=> H>6BD

k^V YZ\a^ Dgi^! *% (-%&* AVk^h IC

AV XVhV Y^ Gêdhd GH6 Y^ AVk^h cVhXZ cZa &.'* Xdc [jco^dcZ Y^ g^XdkZgd"dheZYVaZ# <^jg^Y^" XVbZciZ aÉ:ciZ ]V eZghdcVaî| \^jg^Y^XV Y^ Y^gîid ejWWa^Xd ZY jcV Æ6o^ZcYV EjWWa^XV Y^ HZgkô^ VaaV EZghdcVÇ 6EHE ! V^ hZch^ YZaaV AZ\\Z GZ\^dcVaZ '& hZiiZbWgZ '%%* c# ,! X]Z gZXZe^hXZ â 9#A\h# ) bV\\^d '%%& c# '%,# AV 8VhV Y^ Gêdhd jcV GZh^YZcoV HVcîVg^V 6hh^hiZco^VaZ GH6 X]Z egZhiV Vhh^hiZcoV hVcîVg^V Y^ WVhZ! egZhiVo^dc^ hdX^d"Vhh^hiZco^Va^ Z g^VWâîVi^kZ VY Vco^Vc^ V[[Zii^ YV eVidad\^Z Xgdc^Xd"YZ\ZcZgVi^kZ# :É VcX]Z 8VhV Hd\" \^dgcd eZg Vco^Vc^ Vjidhj[ÒX^Zci^ d eVgo^VabZciZ iVa^# > hZgkô^ YZaaV 8VhV Y^ Gêdhd hdcd Vgg^XX]î^ YVaaV egZhZcoV Vhh^YjV Y^ [Vbâ^Vg^ Z kdadciVg^# CjbZgdh^! ^cdaigZ! hdcd ^ aZ\Vb^ Xdc VhhdX^Vo^dc^ VeeVgiZcZci^ VaaV Xdbjcî| adXVaZ#

iZaZ[dcd %)+& ')+(%-

^c[d5ghVaVk^h#^i lll#ghVaVk^h#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

:aZcV 6^X]cZg ^c[d5ghVaVk^h#^i

&%'

AV egZhZcoV Y^ \^dkVc^ VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZaaV GH6 jcV g^hdghV Y^ XdcdhXZcoZ Z Y^ gZaVo^dc^# :É jc bdbZcid Y^ ^cXdcigd Z Y^ hXVbW^d [gV \ZcZgVo^dc^# Jc \^dkVcZ ^c XVhV Y^ gêdhd k^kZ jcV gZVai| YdkZ XdcdhXZ aV hd[[ZgZcoV! â YdadgZ! â hZchd Y^ YêZcYZcoV k^hhjid YV\a^ dheî^# 6a iZbed hiZhhd! XdbegZcYZ ad hXded YZaaV hjV egZhZcoV! â egdeg^d gjdad! aÉ^bedgiVcoV Y^ d[[g^gZ V^jid V X]^ h^ igdkV ^c jcV hîjVo^dcZ Y^ Y^hV\^d0 heZg^bZciV aV hda^YVg^Zi| hdX^VaZ# FjZhiV ZheZg^ZcoV gVeegZhZciV jcV [dciZ Y^ XgZhXîV eZghdcVaZ! VcX]Z YVa ejcid Y^ k^hiV YZa hZchd X^k^Xd Z YZaaV gZhedchVWâî| kZghd aV hdX^Zi| cZaaV fjVaZ k^kZ#

6EHE DE:G6 GDB6C> " CDB>

8=> H>6BD

k^V GdbV! '& (-%+% Cdb^ IC

CViV eZg ^cô^Vi^kV Y^ jc g^XXd ^cYjhig^VaZ Z YZ^ hjd^ YjZ Ò\a^ cZa &.%+! aÉDeZgV GdbVc^ hiViV gZXZciZbZciZ igVh[dgbViV ^c 6o^ZcYV EjWWa^XV Y^ HZgkô^ VaaV EZghdcV 6EHE ÆDeZgV GdbVc^Ç# <^jg^Y^XVbZciZ jcÈÇ>hiîjo^dcZ Y^ 6hh^hiZcoV Z 7ZcZÒXZcoV EjWWa^XVÇ >E67 # 6iijVabZciZ \Zhi^hXZ jcV GZh^YZcoV HVcîVg^V 6hh^hiZco^VaZ! GH6 Z egZhiV Vhh^hiZcoV hdX^d"Vhh^hiZco^VaZ Z hVcîVg^V V &,) Vco^Vc^ cdc Vjidhj[ÒX^Zci^ dheîVi^ ^c fjViigd cjXaZ^ Vhh^hiZco^Va^#

iZaZ[dcd %)+) -(.)'* [Vm %)+) -(.)()

^c[d5deZgVgdbVc^#^i lll#deZgVgdbVc^#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

H^ kjdaZ d[[g^gZ V^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ aÉdeedgijcî| Y^ [VgZ jcÉZheZg^ZcoV \adWVaZ ^c jcV gZVai| Vgg^XX]ZciZ XdbZ aV GH6! higjiijgViV hj eg^cXê^ ^ccdkVi^k^ Z Y^cVb^X^# DW^Zii^" kd XZcigVaZ YZa egd\Ziid aV kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZaaZ ^cY^k^YjVaî| YZa \^dkVcZ Z YZaaÉVco^Vcd Z YZaaZ g^heZii^kZ XVeVXî| gZaVo^dcVa^ eZg XdchZci^gZ VY ZcigVbW^ Y^ Zheg^bZgZ aV egdeg^V ^YZciî| cZa gVeedgid ^ciZgeZghdcVaZ CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid ÆJc Vccd Xdc cd^Ç BVii^V 9ZW^Vh^! Bdc^XV 8VhXVgV" cd! ;VWgô^d <VakV\c^! <V^V A^WZgV! GdhVg^V EVaVY^cd Z ;ZYZg^Xd HXVge^cVid#

GdhVccV B^dgVcY^ ^c[d5deZgVgdbVc^#^i

&%(

6EHE G:9:CI6 ;ADG>6C> " HIG><CD

8=> H>6BD

K^V 7dg\d 6aadXXd! ' (-%*. Hig^\cd IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& ,+'%%.

AÉ6EHE igVZ dg^\^cZ YVaaV 8VhV Y^ Gêdhd GZYZciV ;adg^Vc^ Y^ Hig^\cd# AÉ6EHE GZYZciV ;adg^Vc^ eZghZ\jZ ^ hZ\jZci^ hXde^/ Xdcig^Wj^gZ VaaV egd\gVbbVo^dcZ hdX^VaZ Z hdX^d" hVcîVg^V Z Y^ \dkZgcd YZaaZ edaî^X]Z hdX^Va^ Z hdX^d"hVcîVg^Z! ^c [dgbV Y^gZiiV d VhhdX^ViV! VcX]Z ViijVcYd Z egdbjdkZcYd hijY^ Z g^XZgX]Z cZ^ egdeg^ hZiidg^ Y^ Vii^kî|0 Zgd\VgZ Z egdbjdkZgZ ^ciZgkZci^ Z hZgkô^ VaaV eZghdcV Z VaaZ [Vb^\a^Z VhhjbZcYd XdbZ ÒcZ aV XjgV! â Xdchda^YVbZcid Z aV XgZhXîV YZa WZcZhhZgZ eZghdcVaZ! gZaVo^dcVaZ Z hdX^VaZ YZ^ XîiVY^c^# >c eVgi^XdaVgZ aÉ6o^ZcYV! ViigVkZghd ^ hZgkô^ GZh^YZcoV HVcîVg^V 6hh^hiZco^VaZ GH6 ! =dhe^XZ! 8VhV Y^ hd\\^dgcd eZg Vco^Vc^! 8Zcigd Y^jgcd! 8Zcigd Y^ hZgkô^! 6aad\\^ egdiZii^! 6hh^hiZcoV Ydb^Xâ^VgZ ^ciZ\gViV Z HZgkô^ Y^ hdaa^Zkd eZg aZ [Vb^\a^Z! egdkkZYZ Va hdYY^h[VX^bZcid YZ^ W^hd\c^ YZaaV ededaVo^dcZ cdc Vjidhj[ÒX^ZciZ Z Y^ eZghdcZ Y^hVWâ^ X]Z XdbjcfjZ h^ igdk^cd ^c XdcYô^dcZ Y^ Y^hV\^d

jeêV#hig^\cd5bVâ#^c[dic#î lll#Vehehig^\cd#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

7Zc^Vb^cd 8dcYaZg eZghdcVaZXghig^\cd5V`bV^a#^i

&%)

AÉ6EHE ÆGZYZciV ;adg^Vc^ ]V dheîVid â eg^bd \^dkVcZ cZa '%%+ Z cZa '%%, â hZXdcYd Xd^ckdai^ cZa egd\Ziid/ Æ9V eZghdcV V eZghdcV½ ZhhZg"X^ eZg YVgZ kîV Z WZcZhhZgZ V\a^ Vcc^#Ç AV egZhZcoV YZ^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ jc Vgg^XX]^bZcid eZg aÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ YZaaÉ6o^ZcYV h^V cZaaZ Vii^kî| Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ h^V eZg jc Veegd[dcY^bZcid YZaaV XdcdhXZcoV Y^ W^hd\c^! YZh^YZg^! ediZco^Vaî| YZ\a^ jiZci^ Y^ GH6! daigZ VY ZhhZgZ YV hi^bdad eZg hZch^WâôoVgZ aZ VgZZ Y^ Vjidcdb^V gZh^YjV YZaaÉVco^Vcd# Ý dW^Zii^kd YZaaÉ6o^ZcYV bVciZcZgZ Z ediZco^VgZ aV egZhZcoV Y^ \^dkVc^ kdadciVg^ ^c fjVcid ^bedgiVciZ g^hdghV X]Z \VgVci^hXZ g^XVYjiZ edhî^kZ eZg aÉVco^Vcd â gV[[dgoVbZcid YZaaÉVjidhi^bV Z aV eZgXZo^dcZ Y^ h 0 aV kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZaaZ g^hdghZ YZaaV eZghdcV Z YZaaV XVeVXî| Y^ g^XdgYVgZ0 â bVciZc^bZcid Z â gV[[dgoVbZcid YZaaV [jco^dcZ \ZcZgVi^kV0 â bVciZc^bZcid Z ediZco^VbZcid YZa XdciViid Xdc â iZggîdg^d YÉVeeVgiZcZcoV Z eZg aV Xdbjcî| iZggîdg^VaZ VjbZciVgZ aV XdcdhXZcoV YZ^ hZgkô^ d[[Zgi^ YVaaÉ6o^ZcYV0 [Vkdg^gZ aV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ VaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ hZgkô^ d[[Zgi^ Xd\a^ZcYd heZX^ÒXî| YÉ^ciZgkZcid #

6EHE H6C <6:I6CD " EG:96OOD

8=> H>6BD

AV 8VhV Y^ Gêdhd HVc <VZiVcd! [dcYViV cZa &.',! jcV GZh^YZcoV HVcîVg^V 6hh^hiZco^V" aZ GH6 YZejiViV V egZhiVgZ Vhh^hiZcoV hVcîVg^V Y^ WVhZ! cdcX] Vhh^hiZcoV heZX^Va^hi^XV Z g^VWâîVi^kV! hZXdcYd jcV egZX^hV cdgbVi^kV gZ\^dcVaZ Z egdk^cX^VaZ! VY Vco^Vc^ V[[Zii^ YV eVidad\^Z Xgdc^Xd"YZ\ZcZgVi^kZ# <^jg^Y^XVbZciZ jcV >hiîjo^dcZ Y^ 6hh^hiZcoV Z 7ZcZÒXZcoV EjWWa^XV >E67 #

K^V HdiihVhh! && (-%(, EgZYVood IC iZaZ[dcd %)+' *%&'(*

jeêV#egZYVood5bVâ#^c[dic#î lll#jeêV#ic#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

:Y^i] EVaaVkZg

> eg^cXê^ [dcYVci^ YZa cdhigd deZgVid hdcd/ â aVkdgVgZ ^c fjêZ! Xd^ckda\ZcYd cZaaZ hXZaiZ aÉVco^Vcd bV! VcX]Z aV hjV [Vb^\a^V0 â aVkdgVgZ eZg egd\Zii^ ^cY^k^YjVaôoVi^! XZg" XVcYd Y^ ^YZci^ÒXVgZ cdc hdad ^ a^bî^ bV hdegViijiid ^ W^hd\c^ Z aZ g^hdghZ YZaaV eZghd" cV Vco^VcV# BdaiV ViiZco^dcZ edhiV Va Xa^bV gZaVo^dcVaZ eZg \VgVci^gZ VaaÉVco^Vcd jc VbW^ZciZ Vgbdc^dhd! h^Xjgd Z igVcfjâad bV cZa XdciZbed hi^bdaVciZ# >c[Vii^! kZc\dcd [VkdgîZ aZ gZaVo^dc^ [Vb^\a^Vg^ Z hdX^Va^ Z [VXâîVi^ ^ gVeedgi^ Y^ hXVbW^d Xdc aV Xdbjcî| X^gXdhiVciZ# AV XVhV Y^ gêdhd ]V YZX^hd Y^ VYZg^gZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ eZgX] XgZYZ h^V jcÉdXXVh^dcZ Y^ Vgg^XX]^bZcid Z ediZco^VbZcid eZg ijii^/ aÉVco^Vcd! â \^dkVcZ Z aV higjiijgV hiZhhV#

b#YdcZ^5XYgegZYVood#^i

&%*

6EHE H6C <>JH:EE: " EG>B>:GD

8=> H>6BD

K^VaZ BVgXdc^!&. (-%*) IgVchVXfjV IC iZaZ[dcd %)(. +'(,&

AÉ6EHE HVc <^jhZeeZ Y^ Eg^b^Zgd ZciZ Y^ Y^gîid ejWWa^Xd hZcoV ÒcVaî| Y^ ajXgd Z igVZ dg^\^cZ YVaaV 8VhV hd\\^dgcd eZg Vco^Vc^ H# <^jhZeeZ Y^ Eg^b^Zgd! [dcYViV cZaaÉVccd &-*&# >c eVgi^XdaVgZ deZgV hdiid [dgbV Y^ GZh^YZcoV hVcîVg^V Vhh^hiZco^VaZ Z hVcîVg^V g^hedc" YZcYd V W^hd\c^ Y^ Vco^Vc^ Z Y^ eZghdcZ cdc Vjidhj[ÒX^Zci^ d Xdc \gVk^ Y^hVWâî| Òh^X]Z d eh^X]^X]Z# 8VhV Y^ hd\\^dgcd eZg Vco^Vc^! 8Zcigd Y^ hZgkô^! 8Zcigd 9^jgcd! 6aad\\^ egdiZii^ YZhi^cVi^ VY Vco^Vc^ YZa ijiid d ^c eVgiZ Vjidhj[ÒX^Zci^ Z V eZghdcZ ZhedhiZ Va g^hX]^d Y^ ZbVg\^cVo^dcZ# D[[gZ! ^cÒcZ! Vhh^hiZcoV V Ydb^Xâ^d# GZVaôoVgZ Vii^kî| higjbZciVa^ kdaiZ VaaV dii^bôoVo^dcZ YZ^ hZgkô^0 ViijVaôoVgZ Vii^kî| Y^ Vhh^hiZcoV Z WZcZÒXZcoV ^c [VkdgZ Y^ eZghdcZ W^hd\cdhZ Y^ eVgi^XdaVgZ Vhh^hiZcoV Xdc Ydb^Xâ^d Y^ hdXXdghd cZ^ Xdbjc^ Y^ IgVchVXfjV! ;^ZgV Y^ Eg^b^Zgd! BZooVcd! >bZg! H^gdg! IdcVY^Xd Z HV\gdc B^h#

hZ\gZiZg^V5Vehe"eg^b^Zgd#cZi edhiV XZgi^ÒXViV/ hZ\gZiZg^V5eZX#Vehe"eg^b^Zgd#î lll#jeêV#ic#î

gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

H^ak^d EVgiZa

&%+

AÉ6EHE HVc <^jhZeeZ ]V Xd^ckdaid cZa '%%+ Z cZa '%%, \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Xdc â egd\Ziid/ Æ9V eZghdcV V eZghdcV½ ZhhZg"X^ eZg YVgZ kîV Z WZcZhhZgZ V\a^ Vcc^#Ç H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: AV adgd egZhZcoV jc Vgg^XX]^bZcid eZg aÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ YZaaÉ6o^ZcYV h^V cZaaZ Vii^kî| Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ h^V eZg jc Veegd[dcY^bZcid YZaaV XdcdhXZcoV Y^ W^hd\c^! YZh^YZg^! ediZc" o^Vaî| YZ\a^ jiZci^ Y^ GH6! daigZ VY ZhhZgZ jcd hi^bdad eZg aV hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ YZaaZ VgZZ Y^ Vjidcdb^V gZh^YjV YZaaÉVco^Vcd# Ý dW^Zii^kd YZaaÉ6o^ZcYV bVciZcZgZ Z ediZco^VgZ aV egZhZcoV Y^ \^dkVc^ kdadciVg^ ^c fjVcid ^bedgiVciZ g^hdghV X]Z \VgVci^hXZ g^XVYjiZ edhî^kZ eZg aÉVco^Vcd â gV[[dgoVbZc" id YZaaÉVjidhi^bV Z aV eZgXZo^dcZ Y^ h 0 aV kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZaaZ g^hdghZ YZaaV eZghdcV Z hZ\gZiZg^V5ghVigVchVXfjV#&.&#î YZaaV XVeVXî| Y^ g^XdgYVgZ0 â bVciZc^bZcid Z â gV[[dgoVbZcid YZaaV [jco^dcZ \ZcZgVi^kV0 â bVciZc^bZcid Z ediZco^VbZcid YZa XdciViid Xdc â iZggîdg^d YÉVeeVgiZcZcoV Z eZg aV Xdbjcî| iZggîdg^VaZ VjbZciVgZ aV XdcdhXZcoV YZ^ hZgkô^ d[[Zgi^ YVaaÉ6o^ZcYV0 [Vkdg^gZ aV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ VaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ hZgkô^ d[[Zgi^ Xd\a^ZcYd heZX^ÒXî| YÉ^ciZgkZcid #

6EHE H6C ADG:COD : H6CI6 B6G>6 9:AA6 B>H:G>8DG9>6

8=> H>6BD

K^V eZg IZakZ! , (-%*& 7dg\d KVahj\VcV IC

AÉ6EHE ÆHVc AdgZcod Z HVciV BVg^V YZaaV B^hZg^XdgY^VÇ igVZ dg^\^cZ YVaaV Æ8VhV Y^ Gêdhd HVc AdgZcod Z HVciV BVg^V YZaaV B^hZg^XdgY^VÇ! YZcdb^cVo^dcZ X]Z g^hVaZ Va &.-)! Vccd Òcd Va fjVaZ aÉ:ciZ [j \Zhiîd Z Vbb^c^higVid YVaaÉ:ciZ 8dbjcVaZ Y^ 6hh^hiZcoV Ä :86# AÉ6o^ZcYV ]V hZYZ V 7dg\d KVahj\VcV Zhea^XV aV egdeg^V Vii^kî| eg^cXêVabZciZ cZaaÉVbWîd iZggîdg^VaZ YZa 8dbjcZ Y^ 7dg\d KVahj\VcV Z YZ^ 8dbjc^ YZa 8dbegZchdg^d 8( 7VhhV KVahj\VcV Z IZh^cd# AÉ6EHE Zgd\V hZgkô^ Y^ Vhh^hiZcoV ^c [dgbV Y^ GZh^YZcoV HVcîVg^V 6hh^hiZco^VaZ! V\a^ jiZci^ cdc Vjidhj[ÒX^Zci^! V^ Y^hVWâ^ X]Z h^ igdk^cd ^c XdcYô^dcZ Y^ Y^hV\^d! V\a^ jiZci^ VY Vaid [VWW^hd\cd Vhh^hiZco^VaZ! d ^c hiVid kZ\ZiVi^kd dY V b^c^bV gZhedch^kî|0 ^c [dgbV Y^ 8VhV Y^ Hd\\^dgcd V jiZci^ Vjidhj[ÒX^Zci^#

iZaZ[dcd %)+& ,*)&'(

jeêV#Wdg\d5bVâ#^c[dic lll#VeheWdg\d#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

GdYda[d GdeZaVid

AÉ6EHE ]V \^| VXXdaid \^dkVc^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ CVo^dcVaZ ZY ]V eZgiVcid bVijgVid jcV eg^bV edhî^kV ZheZg^ZcoV# > \^dkVc^ h^ hdcd ^be^Z\Vi^ ^c Vii^kî| Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ eZg egd\Zii^ Y^ egdbdo^dcZ ^c VbWîd Vgi^hi^Xd ZY ZhegZhh^kd! ^c Vii^kî| V kVaZcoV gZaVo^dcVaZ# >a gVeedgid Y^ XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ ]V \ZcZgVid g^XVYjiZ edhî^kZ Y^ fjVaî| Y^ kîV YZ^ gZh^YZci^ Z eZg adgd! hiViV jcÉZheZg^ZcoV eVgi^XdaVgbZciZ h^\c^ÒXVi^kV ^c iZgb^c^ Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ eZghdcVaZ Z egd[Zhh^dcVaZ# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid ÆGZl^cY <^dkVc^ Z Vco^Vc^ egdiV\dc^hi^ ^ch^ZbZÇ 6cYgZV ;gVco 7j[[V! :a^hV 8VegV! 6aZhh^V EVhfjVood Z BVgi^cV Gôo^#

gdYda[dgdeZaVid5k^g\^a^d#^i

&%,

6EHE J76A9D 86BE6<CDA6 " 6K>D

8=> H>6BD

K^V 8VbeV\cdaV! * (-%+( 6k^d IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& +--%')

AV 8VhV Hd\\^dgcd 6co^Vc^ Y^ 6k^d igVZ dg^\^c^ YV jc aVhXîd YZa h^\cdg 8VbeV\cdaV JWVa" Yd VaaV Xdc\gZ\Vo^dcZ Y^ 8Vgî| Y^ 6k^d Xdc aÉdWWa^\d Y^ XdbeZgVgZ jc adXVaZ Z g^XdkZgVgk^ ^ edkZg^ ^c[Zgb^ YZa 8dbjcZ# AV Xdc\gZ\Vo^dcZ Y^ 8Vgî| Y^ 6k^d VXfj^hiV YVaaÉZgVg^d aÉZm XdckZcid YZaaZ Dghda^cZ h^hiZbVcYdad VY DheZYVaZ G^XdkZgd# Ad hiZhhd [dcYVid ^c YViV %'#%'#&-))# CZaaÉVccd &--, \gVo^Z VaaV hdkkZco^dcZ YZaaV [Vb^\a^V ;gVXX]Zii^ KVaZci^cd k^ZcZ Vbea^Vid Z cZaaÉVccd &.%* h^ egdkkZYjid Va XdbeaZid gZhiVjgd YZaaÉdeZgV \gVo^Z VaaZ d[[ZgiZ YZaaV [Vb^\a^V A^WZgV# CZa &.,. h^ egdkkZYZ VaaV bdY^ÒXV hdhiVco^VaZ YZa [VWWg^XVid igVh[dgbVcYdad cZaaÉViijVaZ 8VhV Y^ Hd\\^dgcd eZg 6co^Vc^ Y^ 6k^d# AV 8VhV Hd\\^dgcd 6co^Vc^ Y^ 6k^d ViijVabZciZ \Zhi^hXZ jcV GZh^YZcoV HVcîVg^V 6hh^" hiZco^VaZ e^ daigZ hdad GH6 ZY YZejiViV V egZhiVgZ Vhh^hiZcoV hdX^d"Vhh^hiZco^VaZ Z hVcîVg^V VY Dheî^ Vco^Vc^ cdc Vjidhj[ÒX^Zci^# <^jg^Y^XVbZciZ jc Æ>hîîjo^dcZ Y^ 6hh^hiZcoV Z 7ZcZÒXZcoV EjWWa^XVÇ >E67 #

XVhVhd\\^dgcd#Vk^d5i^c#î lll#jeêV#ic#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

Bdc^XV 7dcV bdc^XV#WdcV5XVhVhd\\^dgcd# Vk^d#&.&#^i

&%-

EgdhZ\jZcYd hjaaV hX^V YZaaV edhî^kV XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ ^chiVjgViV Xdc \a^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ Xd" hX^ZcoV cZ\a^ Vcc^ egZXZYZci^! h^ kjdaZ d[[g^gZ V^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ jcÉZheZg^ZcoV \adWVaZ ^c jcV gZVai| Vgg^XX]ZciZ XdbZ aV GH6! higjiijgViV hj eg^cXê^ ^ccdkVi^k^ Z Y^cV" b^X^# H^ XZgX]Zg| Y^ kVadgôoVgZ aZ ^cY^k^YjVaî| Z aZ XVeVXî| gZaVo^dcVa^ h^V YZaaÉVco^Vcd h^V YZa \^dkVcZ# DW^Zii^kd [dcYVbZciVaZ YZkZ ZhhZgZ aV kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZ^ YjZ hd\\Zii^ cZaaV adgd \adWVaî|! eZg XdchZci^gZ VY ZcigVbW^ Y^ Zheg^bZgZ aV egdeg^V ^YZciî| cZa gVeedgid ^ciZgeZghdcVaZ#

6EHE K6AA: 9:A K6CD>

8=> H>6BD

K^V 9Vcda^! &* (-%*% 8VcVa HVc 7dkd IC iZaZ[dcd %)(. ,&.%%.

AV 8VhV Y^ Gêdhd Y^ 8VcVa HVc 7dkd V[[dcYV aZ hjZ gVY^X^ cZa &-+, fjVcYd eZg kdadci| YZaaÉ6bb^c^higVo^dcZ XdbjcVaZ h^ hiVWâ Y^ Xdhigj^gZ jc ÆDheZYVaZ Y^ G^XdkZgdÇ cZa XZcigd YZa 8dbjcZ! ^c adXVaî| 8VcVaZ Y^ HdegV! Æ ½ eZg ^k^ XdaadXVgk^ ^ edkZg^ ^c[Zgb^ bVcXVci^ YZaaZ egdeg^Z [Vb^\a^Z Y^ Vaad\\^d Z YZa cZXZhhVg^d hdhiZciVbZcid! Z eZg \a^ ^bediZci^ Y^ gZXVgh^ VY VXXViiVgZ Y^ edgiV ^c edgiVÇ# >a ÒcZ ^hiîjo^dcVaZ YZaaÉ:ciZ fjZaad Y^ d[[g^gZ hZgkô^ Vhh^hiZco^Va^ Z hVcîVg^ V [VkdgZ YZaaV ededaVo^dcZ Vco^VcV! cdc Vjidhj[ÒX^ZciZ d V g^hX]^d Y^ eZgYîV Y^ Vjidcdb^V! hZXdcYd aZ bdYVaî| egZk^hiZ YV^ e^Vc^ cVo^dcVa^ Z egdk^cX^Va^# 9Va &..- aV 8VhV Y^ Gêdhd Y^ 8VcVa HVc 7dkd VXXgZYîViV egZhhd â HZgkô^d HVcîVg^d Egdk^cX^VaZ fjVaZ GZh^YZcoV HVcîVg^V 6hh^hiZco^VaZ GH6 # 9Va %&#%&#'%%- ^hXgîiV cZa gZ\^higd egdk^cX^VaZ YZaaZ 6o^ZcYZ EjWWa^X]Z Y^ HZgkô^ VaaV EZghdcV! Xdc â cdbZ Y^ 6EHE KVaaZ YZa KVcd^#

hZ\gZiZg^V5ghVXVcVahVcWdkd# Xdb lll#je^eV#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

6aZhh^V 9Veg| hZ\gZiZg^V5ghVXVcVahVcWdkd# Xdb

AV egZhZcoV Y^ \^dkVc^ VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZaaÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ eZg aÉ:ciZ jcV g^hdghV Y^ XdcdhXZcoZ! gZaVo^dc^ Z jc bdbZcid Y^ ^cXdcigd Z hXVbW^d [gV \ZcZgVo^dc^# Jc \^dkVcZ X]Z hkda\Z jc eZg^dYd ^c XVhV Y^ gêdhd k^kZ ^c jcV gZVai| YdkZ XdcdhXZ aV hd[[ZgZcoV! â YdadgZ! â hZchd Y^ YêZcYZcoV k^hhjid YV jcÉVaigV eZghdcV# 6a iZbed hiZhhd! h^ gZcYZ Xdcid YZa h^\c^ÒXVid YZa egdeg^d gjdad! YZaaÉ^bedgiVcoV Y^ d[[g^gZ V^jid V X]^ h^ igdkV ^c jcV hîjVo^dcZ Y^ Y^hV\^d0 heZg^bZciV aV hda^YVg^Zi| hdX^VaZ# IVa^ ZheZg^ZcoZ gVeegZhZciVcd jcV [dciZ Y^ XgZhXîV eZghdcVaZ! VcX]Z YVa ejcid Y^ k^hiV YZa hZchd X^k^Xd Z YZaaV gZhedchVWâî| kZghd aV hdX^Zi| cZaaV fjVaZ k^kZ# EZg Vii^kVgZ fjZhiÉ^bedgiVciZ g^hdghV aÉ6EHE KVaaZ YZa KVcd^ ^hXgîiV VaaÉ6aWd egdk^cX^VaZ XdbZ ZciZ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ CVo^dcVaZ#

&%.

8=> H>6BD

K^V 9Z\VheZg^! ,. (-&'( IgZcid

iZaZ[dcd %)+& (+)&&&

lll#Vehh#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ :a^hV 9Z\VheZg^ Bdc^XV Idc^cVcYZa :aZcV BVg\dc^

&&%

Za^hV#YZ\VheZg^5Vehh#ic#î bdc^XV#idc^cVcYZa5Vehh#ic#î ZaZcV#bVg\dc^5Vehh#ic#î

AÉ6o^ZcYV Egdk^cX^VaZ eZg ^ HZgkô^ HVcîVg^ jc ZciZ Y^ Y^gîid ejWWa^Xd higjbZciVaZ YZaaV Egdk^cX^V 6jidcdbV Y^ IgZcid! V Xj^ V[ÒYViV ^c k^V eg^cXêVaZ aV ijiZaV YZaaV hVajiZ# E^ ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ! ]V â Xdbeîd Y^ \Zhi^gZ ^c bdYd XddgY^cVid ^ hZgkô^ Z aZ Vii^kî| hVcîVg^Z ejWWa^X]Z eZg aÉ^ciZgd iZggîdg^d egdk^cX^VaZ hZXdcYd fjVcid egZk^hid YVaaV aZ\\Z! YVa E^V" cd HVcîVg^d egdk^cX^VaZ Z YVaaZ Y^gZii^kZ YZaaV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ# AZ egZhiVo^dc^ d[[ZgiZ XdbegZcYdcd aÉVhh^hiZcoV bZY^Xd"\ZcZg^XV! heZX^Va^hi^XV! ^c[Zgb^Z" g^hi^XV! dheZYVa^ZgV Z [VgbVXZji^XV Z hdcd Zgd\ViZ! V hZXdcYV YZaaV iêdad\^V Y^ egZhiVo^d" cZ! ^c [dgbV VbWjaVidg^VaZ! Ydb^Xâ^VgZ d Y^ g^XdkZgd# AÉ6o^ZcYV Vgi^XdaViV ^c jcV Y^gZo^d" cZ \ZcZgVaZ Z , Y^gZo^dc^ XZcigVa^! &( 9^higZii^ hVcîVg^ Xdc d hZcoV egZh^Y^d dheZYVa^Zgd Z ' dheZYVa^/ fjZaad Y^ IgZcid Z fjZaad Y^ GdkZgZid# >c WVhZ VaaV Æk^h^dcZÇ YZa^cZViV cZa Egd\gVbbV Y^ hkâjeed higViZ\^Xd! aÉ6o^ZcYV jcV gZiZ ^ciZ\gViV Y^ eZghdcZ! higjiijgZ! iZXcdad\^Z Z egdXZhh^ X]Z hdYY^h[V aZ eVgi^ ^ciZgZhhViZ Va e^ Vaid a^kZaad edhh^WâZ# >a HZgkô^d Y^ HVajiZ BZciVaZ Y^ IgZcid XjgV aV hd[[ZgZcoV eh^X]^XV Z h^ VYdeZgV eZg egZkZ" c^gaV# AVkdgV eZg b^\a^dgVgZ aV fjVaî| YZaaV kîV Y^ fjVci^ k^ h^ g^kda\dcd Z YZaaZ adgd [Vb^" \a^Z ViigVkZghd aÉVXXd\a^ZcoV Z aÉVhXdaid! ^ciZgkZci^ egd\gVbbVi^ d V XVgViiZgZ Y^ jg\ZcoV! Xdci^cjî| Y^ XjgV igV aZ Y^kZghZ VgZZ YZa HZgkô^d! aÉViiZco^dcZ VaaV [Vb^\a^V! Va XdciZhid Y^ kîV Z Va Æ[VgZ Vhh^ZbZÇ#

9Va &.-)! â HZgkô^d Y^ HVajiZ BZciVaZ h^ hZbegZ VkkVahd YZaaV egZhZcoV Y^ dW^Zi" idg^! gîZcZcYdaV jc kVa^Yd Xdcig^Wjid VaaZ egVi^X]Z Y^ VXXd\a^ZcoV Z Y^ Æ[VgZ ^ch^ZbZÇ# 8dc aÉVkk^d Z aV heZg^bZciVo^dcZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hiVid egZhZciVid cZa '%%( jc egd\Zi" id ig^ZccVaZ Y^ egdbdo^dcZ YZaaV hVajiZ bZciVaZ Z Y^ XdcigVhid Vaad hi^\bV! YZcdb^cVid Æ<^dkVcc^! aV hjV [Vb^\a^V! ijii^ cd^# >ch^ZbZ bZ\a^dÇ eZg aÉ^be^Z\d Y^ fjViigd \^dkVc^# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Æ666 JcV XVhV eZg ijii^###Va hZgkô^d hVajiZ bZciVaZ Y^ igZcidÇ BVcjZaV 7dZo^d0 Æ6iiZco^dcZ aVkdg^ ^c Xdghd VWWVii^Vbd ^ egZ\^jYô^###Va hZgkô^d hVajiZ bZciVaZ Y^ IgZcidÇ HVWg^cV 8VciVidgZ! HVgV BVg\dc^ Z BVgi^cV EgdhhZg^0 ÆIjii^ eVoo^ eZg ad hedgi Va hZgkô^d hVajiZ bZciVaZ Y^ igZcidÇ BVhh^bd AdgZco^#

6HHD8>6O>DC: BJG>6A9D YZa IG:CI>CD 6AID 69><:

8=> H>6BD

HZYZ AZ\# K^V 8 hV K X^V! && (-&'( HVgYV\cV IC HZYZ De# K^V :cYg^X^! '% (-&'' IgZcid

AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ Bjg^VaYd YZa IgZci^cd 6aid 6Y^\Z DCAJH XgZYZ [ZgbVbZciZ X]Z WVbW^c^! \^dkVc^ Z [Vb^\a^V Xdhiîj^hXVcd â [jijgd Y^ d\c^ Xdbjcî| Z X]Z VY Zhh^ kVYVcd hZbegZ d[[ZgiZ VYZ\jViZ deedgijcî| Y^ hkâjeeVgZ gZaVo^dc^ h^\c^ÒXVi^kZ eZg XgZhXZgZ ^c bdYd Vgbdc^dhd Z hjeZgVgZ aZ [gV\âî| X]Z aV kîV iVakdaiV ej egZhZciVgZ# 8dcY^k^YZcYd Xdc aV 8dbjcî| Bjg^VaYd YZa IgZci^cd 6aid 6Y^\Z kVadg^ Z XjaijgV ^he^gVi^ Va XVg^hbV Y^ HVc AZdcVgYd Bjg^VaYd! aÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ h^ egdedcZ XdbZ ajd\d Y^ V\\gZ\Vo^dcZ Z XgZhXîV eZg kdadciVg^ X]Z XgZYdcd ^c jcV hdX^Zi| e^ VXXd\a^ZciZ# 8daaVWdgV Xdc aV 8dbjcî| Bjg^VaYd ZY VaigZ dg\VcôoVo^dc^ X]Z cZ XdcY^k^Ydcd ^ eg^cXê^ Y^ hda^YVg^Zi| Z XdcY^k^h^dcZ! egdbjdkZcYd ^cô^Vi^kZ adXVa^ d cZa gZhid YZa bdcYd V [VkdgZ YZa bdcYd \^dkVcâZ Z YZaaZ [Vb^\a^Z#

iZaZ[dcd %)+& '(&('% [Vm %)+& '(+%(+ VhhdX^Vo^dcZ5bjg^VaYd#iVV#^i lll#bjg^VaYd#iVV#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

AjXV HdbVYdhh^

Ejg [dgiZbZciZ ^ciZgZhhVi^ VaaÉZheZg^ZcoV YZa H8C! XdbZ dXXVh^dcZ egZo^dhV Y^ XgZhXîV eZg ^ \^dkVc^ Z Y^ Vkk^X^cVbZcid VaaZ egdWaZbVi^X]Z YZaaZ eZghdcZ e^ ^c Y^[ÒXdai|! cdc VcXdgV hiVid edhh^WâZ Vkk^VgZ XdcXgZi^ egd\Zii^ Y^ H8C# :É cdhigV ^ciZco^dcZ Xdci^cjVgZ V eZgXdggZgZ ijiiZ aZ higVYZ X]Z X^ edhhVcd eZgbZiiZgZ Y^ hkâjeeVgZ fjZhiV ZheZg^ZcoV VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZaaV gZVai| bjg^VaY^cV#

Y^gZo^dcZ5bjg^VaYd#iVV#^i

&&&

8=> H>6BD

K^V BVYgjood! '& (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& '+(((%

AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ! cViV cZa &.-.! jcV dcajh! VeVgiî^XV! VXdc[Zhh^dcVaZ Z hZcoV Òc^ Y^ ajXgd! h^ g^kda\Z V ijii^ Xdadgd X]Z XgZYdcd cZaaÉ^bedgiVcoV Y^ jcV hdX^Zi| Y^hedhiV V XdcdhXZgZ aZ ÆY^kZghî|Ç Z V Y^Vad\VgZ Xdc ZhhZ! eZg XgZhXZgZ Z b^\a^dgVgh^# 6I6H XdaaVWdgV Xdc aZ >hiîjo^dc^ ejWWa^X]Z Z \a^ :ci^ YZa eg^kVid hdX^VaZ ZY deZgV eZg/ x egdbjdkZgZ! cZ\a^ higVc^Zg^ ^bb^\gVi^ ^c IgZci^cd! aV XdcdhXZcoV YZ^ egdeg^ Y^gîi^ Z YdkZg^ ^c jc eZgXdghd Y^ aZ\Vaî|! hdhiZcZcYda^ cZ^ gVeedgi^ Xdc ad HiVid! cZaaÉVXXZhhd V^ hZgkô^ ejWWa^X^! cZaaV g^XZgXV YZa aVkdgd Z YZaaÉVWîVo^dcZ! cZa egdXZhhd Y^ ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ hdX^VaZ Z XjaijgVaZ cZa iZggîdg^d0 AZ Vii^kî| YZÒcîZ cZaad HiVijid YZaaÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ hdcd bdaiZea^X^/ x VhXdaid! ^c[dgbVo^dc^ Z dg^ZciVbZcid! XdchjaZcoV hdX^VaZ Z aZ\VaZ! dg^ZciVbZcid Va aVkdgd Z hZ\gZiVg^Vid hdX^VaZ! hdhiZ\cd cZa XdciViid Xdc ^ hZgkô^ ViigVkZghd egdeg^ hedg" iZaa^ VeZgi^ Va ejWWa^Xd Y^hadXVi^ hja iZggîdg^d0 \Zhi^dcZ Y^ Vaad\\^ eZg higVc^Zg^! h^c\da^ Z [Vb^\a^Z0 egd\Zii^ Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ Z [dgbVo^dcZ V\a^ higVc^Zg^0 aV egdbdo^dcZ Y^ gVeedgi^ Xdc Zci^! ^hiîji^! jc^kZghî|0 Vii^kî| ^c XVgXZgZ! Xdgh^! hXVbW^#

^c[d5ViVh#ic#î egZh^YZciZ5ViVh#ic#î lll#ViVh#ic#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

6cidc^d 7gVo ?dVd BjiVXViZ

&&'

Vcidc^d#bjiVXViZ5ViVh#ic#^i

CZaaV cdhigV VhhdX^Vo^dcZ! ^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ]Vccd aÉdeedgijcî| Y^ VXfj^h^" gZ cjdkZ XdbeZiZcoZ! bZiiZgZ ^c egVi^XV fjZaaZ eZgi^cZci^ Va WVX`\gdjcY eZghdcVaZ Z VeedgiVgZ ^ccdkVo^dcZ V ijiid idcYd Xdcig^WjZcYd VaaV XgZhXîV YZaaÉZciZ Z Va b^\a^d" gVbZcid YZaaV fjVaî| YZ^ hZgkô^ d[[Zgi^# >a hZgkô^d [dgcîd YV 6I6H g^X]^ZYZ hdajo^dc^ Z egd[Zhh^dcVaî| heZX^ÒX]Z aZ\ViZ VaaV eg^bVg^V Zh^\ZcoV Y^ gVo^dcVaôoVgZ Z bdcîdgVgZ ^ hZgkô^ Y^ XdchjaZcoV Z ^ hZgkô^ Vaad\\^Vi^k^ cdcX] aV adgd \Zhi^dcZ# AV Ò\jgV YZa \^dkVcZ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hVg| V hjeedgid Y^ fjZhiZ Vii^kî| Z YZ^ hZgkô^ X]Z d[[gZ aÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ! edhh^WâbZciZ Vbea^VcYda^ d ^ccdkVcYda^# >a g^hjaiVid ViiZhd ^cÒcZ fjZaad Y^ [Vg VXfj^h^gZ V^ \^dkVc^ fjZa b^m Y^ XdbeZiZcoZ gZaVo^dcVa^ Z higjbZciVa^ X]Z XdcXdggdcd V YZÒc^gZ aV Ò\jgV YZa ÆbZY^VidgZ hdX^VaZ VaaÉVWîVgZÇ X]Z ^ciZgk^ZcZ cZa hZiidgZ YZa Y^hV\^d VWîVi^kd Z YZa ÆXdchjaZciZ hdX^VaZÇ eZg \a^ hedgiZaa^ VeZgi^ Va ejWWa^Xd# EZg â [jijgd 6I6H egZkZYZ Y^ Y^kZgh^ÒXVgZ ^ egd\Zii^ ^c bdYd YV Xd^ckda\ZgZ! daigZ V fjZhid hZiidgZ egZiiVbZciZ aZ\Vid V^ hZgkô^! VcX]Z aÉVgZV egd\ZiijVaZ [jcY gV^h^c\! ;H:! ZXX# ! [dgbVi^kV Z Y^ Xdc" hjaZcoV aZ\VaZ# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid ÆB^\gV"6O>DC:/ egdbjdkZgZ aÉ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ YZ\a^ higVc^Zg^Ç KVaZci^cV 7gj\cVgV! BVgXd DWZgdhaZg Z 9ZWdgV OVcYdcV^#

86H6 688D<A>:CO6 6AA6 K>I6 E69G: 6C<:AD

8=> H>6BD

k^VaZ 7dad\c^c^! '- (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& .'*,*& [Vm %)+& .'*,*&

AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ 8VhV 6XXd\a^ZcoV VaaV KîV EVYgZ 6c\Zad Ä DCAJH Y^ Y^gîid Ä jcÉdg\Vcô" oVo^dcZ Y^ kdadciVg^Vid cViV XdbZ g^hedhiV Y^ iêd gZh^YZco^VaZ VaaZ YdccZ ^c Y^[ÒXdai| eZg jcV \gVk^YVcoV d jcV bViZgcî| Y^[ÒXâZ# H^ egdedcZ fj^cY^ Y^ [Vkdg^gZ aV bViZgcî| gZ" hedchVWâZ cZa g^heZiid YZaaV kîV! VXXZiiVcYd aV kîV YZa egdeg^d WVbW^cd XdcXZeîd d \^| cVid! d[[gZcYd dheîVaî|! V[[Ziid! VbW^ZciZ [Vbâ^VgZ! cdcX] Vii^kî| Y^ iêd ZYjXVi^kd Z [dgbVi^kd# AV higjiijgV gZh^YZco^VaZ eg^cXêVaZ! X]Z ej dheîVgZ Òc VY jc bVhh^bd Y^ &' bVbbZ Z &+ WVbW^c^! jW^XViV ^c k^VaZ 7dad\c^c^ '- Vc\dad k^V 6YVbZaad & V IgZcid# 9^ gZXZciZ hiVid ^cVj\jgVid jc XZcigd Y^jgcd Y^ V\\gZ\Vo^dcZ ÆBVbbV WVbW^cd! eZg XgZhXZgZ ^ch^ZbZÇ hîjVid ^c k^V BVgX]Zii^! & V IgZcid# 6 HVgX]Z ^c k^V 9V^c &"(! hiViV XgZViV Æ8VhV KZgYZÇ! Xdc hZ^ VeeVgiVbZci^ YZhi^cVi^ V [Vb^\a^Z! bdcdeVgZciVa^ Z cdc! ^c gZ\^bZ Y^ hZb^Vjidcdb^V# 6 IgZcid X^ hdcd Vaig^ * VeeVgiVbZci^ Y^ ZhigZbV jiâî| eZg â eVhhV\\^d ^c hZb^Vjidcdb^V YZaaZ bVbbZ dheî^ YZaaV higjiijgV gZh^YZco^VaZ Y^ k^VaZ 7dad\c^c^

^c[d5XVhVeVYgZVc\Zad#^i lll#XVhVeVYgZVc\Zad#^i

gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

8Vgad EVhdaa^

8gZY^Vbd [ZgbVbZciZ X]Z â kdadciVg^d h^V aÉVcZaad [dgiZ Y^ Xdc\^jco^dcZ igV ^ cdhig^ jiZci^! \a^ :YjXVidg^ Z aÉÇZhiZgcdÇ# EZch^Vbd X]Z aÉVii^kî| YZa \^dkVcZ ^c hZgkô^d X^kâZ h^V H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: ^cY^heZchVWâZ cZa eZgXdghd Y^ XgZhXîV! Y^ XVbW^VbZcid d hZbea^XZbZciZ Y^ kîV X]Z ^ cdhig^ dheî^ V[[gdciVcd ^c 8VhV 6XXd\a^ZcoV# AÉVeegdXX^d YZa \^dkVcZ Y^ e^ higZiid Xdc" iViid Xdc aV gZVai| ZhiZgcV! e^ hZbea^XZ Z cVijgVaZ! bZcd egZXdhiîjîd Z bdaid Z[ÒXVXZ dkZ aÉdWW^Zii^kd ÒcVaZ VcX]Z aÉ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ d aV gZ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ YZaaÉjiZciZ hja iZggîdg^d# AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ hiZhhV cViV! '+ Vcc^ [V! Z XgZhX^jiV Xdc â hdad Veedgid Y^ eZghdcVaZ kd" adciVg^d! bZcigZ aZ bdaiZ ÆXdbeaZhhî|Ç Y^ d\\^ X]^ZYdcd aV XdbegZhZcoV Y^ eZghdcVaZ YêZcYZciZ [dgbVid heZX^ÒXViVbZciZ X]Z cZa XdciZbed aVkdgV ^c higZiiV ZY Z[ÒXVXZ XVgad#eVhdaa^5XVhVeVYgZVc\Zad#î h^cZg\^V Xdc ^ \^dkVc^ ^c hZgkô^d X^kâZ# EZch^Vbd Y^ ediZg d[[g^gZ jcÉZheZg^ZcoV bdaid ^ciZchV! Xdc aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ kîid Z Vaad\\^d eZg k^kZgZ ijii^ ^ bdbZci^ YZaaV 8dbjcî|! YdkZ ÆheZcYZgh^ eZghdcVabZciZ eZg Vgg^XX]^gh^Ç cdc h^V hdad jcd had\Vc [VhX^cdhd##

Casa di Accoglienza Padre Angelo

&&(

86H6 O6B7>6H>

8=> H>6BD

K^V 9VciZ 6a^\]^Zg^! & (-%&% 9Zccd IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& +**'+* [Vm %)+& +**+%.

AV 8ddeZgVi^kV 8VhV OVbW^Vh^ cViV V 9Zccd cZa &.-* hj ^cô^Vi^kV Y^ jc \gjeed Y^ kdadciVg^ ^beZ\cVi^ cZa XdcigVhid Y^ hîjVo^dc^ Y^ Y^hV\^d eZghdcVaZ Z Y^ bVg\^cVaî| hd" X^VaZ# 6iijVabZciZ aV 8ddeZgVi^kV deZgV Xdc Vii^kî| g^kdaiZ V^ b^cdg^! VYdaZhXZci^ Z VYjai^ ^c XdckZco^dcZ Xdc aÉZciZ ejWWa^Xd A#E# (*$&.-( # EVgiZ YZaaZ Vii^kî| g^kdaiV VcX]Z VY Vco^Vc^ ^c XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc 68A>"Vco^Vc^# 8VhV OVbW^Vh^ d[[gZ V WVbW^c^ Z gV\Voo^ hdhiZ\cd Y^YVii^Xd! h^V ^cY^k^YjVaZ X]Z XdaaZii^kd! aVWdgVidg^ Y^ bVcjVaî|! heVo^ ZhegZhh^k^ ViigVkZghd â \^dXd! aÉV\\gZ\Vo^dcZ! aV XgZVi^kî|! hZbegZ ^chZgî^ ^c jc ÆVbW^ZciZÇ ZYjXV" i^kd# 6\a^ VYjai^ Z V\a^ Vco^Vc^! aV 8ddeZgVi^kV egdedcZ Vii^kî| eZg â bVciZc^bZcid d â gZXjeZgd Y^ VWâî| bdidg^Z! bVcjVa^! Xd\cî^kZ Z hdX^d"gZaVo^dcVa^# 9^ gZXZciZ aV 8ddeZgVi^kV hiV egZY^hedcZcYd eZgXdgh^ Y^ ^chZg^bZcid dXXjeVo^dcVaZ! cZa" aV Xdck^co^dcZ X]Z aV egdbdo^dcZ jbVcV h^V [VkdgîV VcX]Z YV Vo^dc^ eVgiZXêViZ! Y^ Xdhigjo^dcZ Y^ deedgijcî|! Y^ hXVbW^d Z Y^ dXXjeVo^dcZ eZg \a^ hkVciV\\^Vi^# CZa Xdghd YZ\a^ Vcc^! aV 8ddeZgVi^kV ]V VaaVg\Vid â kZciV\a^d YZaaZ hjZ egdedhiZ Xdc Vo^d" c^ Y^ hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ hdX^VaZ Z XjaijgVaZ hj^ iZb^ YZaaV egdhh^bî| Z gZXêgdXî|#

XVhVoVbW^Vh^5Xdchda^YV#^i lll#XVhV"oVbW^Vh^#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

A^cd <j^Yda^c Y^gZo^dcZ#XVhVoVbW^Vh^5 Xdchda^YV#^i

&&)

AV 8ddeZgVi^kV h^ VkkVahV! ^c eVhhVid! YZaaV egZhZcoV YZ\a^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV Z V hZ\jîd YZaaV g^[dgbV YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! h^ gîZcjid ^bedgiVciZ g^ccdkVgZ iVaZ deedg" ijcî|# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid ÆK^ZiVid DhXjgVgZ ^ <gVcY^ Hd\c^ YZ^ E^XXda^Ç BVgV BVXXVc^ Z ;ZYZg^XV EZcVhV#

8>II¿ ;JIJG6

8=> H>6BD

K^V GdbV\cdh^! '+ (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+&'+(&** [Vm %)+& '+(-.)

8îi| ;jijgV jcV XddeZgVi^kV hdX^VaZ X]Z h^ dXXjeV! Òc YVaaV hjV Xdhiîjo^dcZ cZa &..(! Y^ hZgkô^ VaaÉ^c[Vco^V# :É cViV eZg g^hedcYZgZ VaaÉVXXgZhX^jiV g^X]^ZhiV YV eVgiZ YZaaZ [Vb^" \a^Z Y^ hZgkô^ ZYjXVi^k^ Z Y^ hjeedgid eZg ^ WVbW^c^ cZaaV [VhX^V Y^ Zi| %"( Vcc^# CZa Xdghd YZ\a^ Vcc^ 8îi| ;jijgV ]V XdcdhX^jid jc XdhiVciZ ^cXgZbZcid X]Z aÉ]V edgiViV VY Vbea^VgZ Z fjVa^ÒXVgZ ^ egdeg^ hZgkô^ YV^ C^Y^ YÉ^c[Vco^V! VaaV AjYdiZXV! VaaÉVgZV \^dXd 6bWVgVWVX^X^XdX ! V^ aVWdgVidg^ 6gX]^bZYZ ("+ Vcc^ ! V^ HZgkô^ Zhi^k^ ("+ Vcc^ Z Vaad HeVo^d BVghje^d# > Y^kZgh^ hZgkô^ hdcd \Zhiî^ h^V Y^gZiiVbZciZ! h^V Vii^kVcYd XdckZco^dc^ Xdc aZ Vbb^c^higVo^dc^ ejWWa^X]Z# Hdcd eg^cXêVabZciZ igZ aZ XVgViiZg^hi^X]Z X]Z XdcigVYY^hi^c\jdcd aV cdhigV dg\VcôoVo^d" cZ# AÉViiZco^dcZ! Vcoîjiid! cdc hdad kZghd â WVbW^cd bV kZghd aV [Vb^\a^V# 6XXd\a^ZgZ jc WVbW^cd eZg 8îi| ;jijgV h^\c^ÒXV g^XZkZgZ ijiiV aV hjV [Vb^\a^V Z egd\ZiiVgZ jc eZgXdghd ZYjXVi^kd! V[[Zii^kd Z Y^ XgZhXîV XdbeaZhh^kd# 8îi| ;jijgV VYZg^hXZ Va 8dchdgo^d Egdk^cX^VaZ YZaaZ 8ddeZgVi^kZ HdX^Va^ 8dc#Hda^YV ZY VaaV ;ZYZgVo^dcZ IgZci^cV YZaaV 8ddeZgVo^dcZ

^c[d5XîiV"[jijgV#î lll#XîiV"[jijgV#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

&&*

8DAA:<>D 6G8>K:H8DK>A: 8:A:HI>CD :C9G>8>

8=> H>6BD

K^V :cYg^X^ '( (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& &,(&'%% [Vm %)+& &,(&'--

>a 8daaZ\^d 6gX^kZhXdkâZ 8ZaZhi^cd :cYg^X^ jcÉ>hiîjo^dcZ YZaaÉ6gX^Y^dXZh^ Y^ IgZcid [dcYViV cZa &-+( ^c dXXVh^dcZ YZa >>> XZciZcVg^d YZa 8dcXâ^d :XjbZc^Xd Y^ IgZcid# <a^ dW^Zii^k^ h^ciZi^XVbZciZ ZhegZhh^ hdcd/ hkâjeeVgZ aV [dgbVo^dcZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ ViigVkZghd aV hXjdaV Z aV XjaijgV ^c jc dgôodciZ Xg^hi^Vcd YZaaV kîV# AV [dgbVo^dcZ YZaaÉJdbd ViigVkZghd aV XjaijgV eVgiZ YV jc egZhjeedhid Y^ [dcYd X]Z e^ heVo^d k^ZcZ \VgVciîd VaaV gV\^dcZ! bV\\^dg \VgVco^V k^ZcZ Vhh^XjgViV VaaV EZghdcV eZg aV hjV XgZhXîV Z eZg â Xdck^kZgZ hdX^VaZ VaaÉ^chZ\cV YZa g^heZiid Z YZaaV XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ k^XZcYZkdaZ# >c fjZhiV egdheZii^kV ^c e^ Y^ &)% Vcc^ Y^ hidg^V! â 8daaZ\^d 6gX^kZhXdkâZ ]V Vii^kVid Y^kZghZ hXjdaZ ZY â Xdckîid# CZaaV hZYZ Y^ IgZcid deZgVcd â A^XZd 8aVhh^Xd! HX^Zci^ÒXd Z A^c\j^hi^Xd :jgdeZd0 aZ HXjdaZ BZY^Z! aZ HXjdaZ :aZbZciVg^! â Xdckîid Z aV gZh^YZcoV jc^kZghîVg^V Z hdcd dheîVi^ X^gXV &(%% hijYZci^# CZaaV hZYZ Y^ GdkZgZid hdcd deZgVi^k^/ â A>6 A^XZd >ciZgcVo^dcVaZ 6gX^kZhXdkâZ ! aZ hXjdaZ BZY^Z Z aZ HXjdaZ :aZbZciVg^! daigZ VaaV gZh^YZcoV X]Z ej VXXd\a^ZgZ X^gXV )+% hijYZci^#

XdaaZ\^d5VgX^kZhXdkâZigZcid#î lll#VgX^kZhXdkâZigZcid#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

;âêed <Vaa^ Òaêed\Vaa^5VgX^kZhXdkâZigZcid#î

&&+

AÉVYZh^dcZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ cVhXZ YVaaÉdW^Zii^kd Y^ d[[g^gZ V^ \^dkVc^ aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ [dgbVgh^ ZY Vii^kVgh^ ^c egd\Zii^ cZaaÉVbWîd ZYjXVi^kd Z YZaaÉVhh^hiZcoV VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZaaZ higjiijgZ Y^ IgZcid Z GdkZgZid# H^ kjdaZ Xd^ckda\ZgZ \^dkVc^ X]Z XdcY^k^Ydcd ^ kVadg^ Xg^hi^Vc^ Z aV b^hh^dc ZYjXVi^kV YZa 8daaZ\^d 6gX^kZhXdkâZ VaaÉ^ciZgcd Y^ egd\Zii^ Y^ Vhh^hiZcoV cZ^ YjZ Xdckîi^! ^c egd\Zii^ Y^ ZYjXVo^dcZ Z egdbdo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ Z ^c egd\Zii^ Y^ kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZa eVig^bdc^d Vgi^hi^Xd Z XjaijgVaZ cZaaZ YjZ W^Wa^diZX]Z Z cZa BjhZd#

8DBEG:CHDG>D 9:AA6 76HH6 K6AHJ<6C6 : 9:A I:H>CD

8=> H>6BD

E^VooZiio 8ZhX]^! & (-%*& 7dg\d KVahj\VcV IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& ,*****

>a 8dbegZchdg^d 7VhhV KVahj\VcV Z YZa IZh^cd! hj YZaZ\V YZaaV Egdk^cX^V 6jidcdbV Y^ IgZcid! hkda\Z [jco^dc^ X]Z g^\jVgYVcd aÉVii^kî| hdX^d"Vhh^hiZco^VaZ! â Y^gîid Vaad hijY^d Z aZ V\ZkdaVo^dc^ eZg aÉZYâô^V ejWWa^XV Z V\ZkdaViV# Hj YZaZ\V YZ^ 8dbjc^! â 8dbegZc" hdg^d hkda\Z aÉVii^kî| g^\jVgYVciZ ijiid â X^Xad YZ^ g^Òji^ hda^Y^ jgWVc^ gVXXdaiV! gVXXdaiV Y^[[ZgZco^ViV Z hbVai^bZcid # IjiiZ aZ Vii^kî| hkdaiZ YVa 8dbegZchdg^d hdcd Y^gZiiZ V [Vkdg^gZ aV XgZhXîV X^kâZ ZY ZXdcdb^Xd"hdX^VaZ YZaaV ededaVo^dcZ! V gV[[dgoVgcZ aÉjcî|! â hZchd Y^ VeeVgiZcZcoV Z aV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ# AÉVgZV YZa iZggîdg^d YZa 8dbegZchdg^d YZaaV 7VhhV KVahj\VcV Z YZa IZh^cd XdbegZcYZ '& Xdbjc^ Z egZX^hVbZciZ/ 7^Zcd! 7dg\d KVahj\VcV! 8VgoVcd! 8VhiZaad IZh^cd! 8VhiZacjd" kd! 8^ciZ IZh^cd! <g^\cd! >kVcd ;gVXZcV! CdkVaZYd! DheZYVaZiid! E^ZkZ IZh^cd! GdcXZ\cd IZgbZ! GdcX]^! HVbdcZ! HXjgZaaZ! HeZgV! Hig^\cd! IZakZ! IZakZ Y^ HdegV! IdgXZ\cd Z KâaV 6\cZYd#

hZ\gZiZg^V5X(ic#^i lll#X(ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

6aZhhVcYgV OdiiV odiiV#VaZhhVcYgV5X(ic#^i

>a 8dbegZchdg^d VYZg^hXZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ^c hZiidg^ kdai^ V b^\a^dgVgZ aV fjVaî| YZ^ hZg" kô^ ^cY^gôoVi^ V\a^ Vco^Vc^! V^ \^dkVc^! V^ b^cdg^ Z VaaZ [Vb^\a^Z# > egd\Zii^ ]Vccd jc Yjea^XZ hXded/ YV jc aVid g^ccdkVgZ aV higjiijgV \gVo^Z V\a^ hi^bda^ edgiVi^ YV^ kdadciVg^ Z YVaaÉVaigd d[[g^gZ V^ \^dkVc^ jcÉdXXVh^dcZ Y^ XgZhXîV egd[Zhh^dcVaZ heZcY^WâZ cZa bZgXVid YZa aVkdgd# >a 8dbegZchdg^d ]V \^| bVijgVid YZaaZ ZheZg^ZcoZ egd\ZiijVa^ cZa hZiidgZ YZaaZ edaî^X]Z \^dkVcâ^ Xd^ckda\ZcYd jc \gjeed Y^ \^dkVc^ îVa^Vc^ Vhh^ZbZ V \^dkVc^ egdkZc^Zci^ YV Vaig^ eVZh^ ZjgdeZ^# :É ^ciZco^dcZ YZa 8dbegZchdg^d Vkk^VgZ egd\Zii^ X]Z ^ciZgZhh^cd aZ edaî^X]Z \^dkVcâ^ Z! ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ! ^ XZcig^ Y^ V\\gZ\Vo^dcZ eZg ^ \^dkVc^#

&&,

8DBJC: 9> 6G8D

8=> H>6BD

E^VooV >>> CdkZbWgZ!( (-%+' 6gXd IC iZaZ[dcd %)+) *-(+%,

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ 6gXd jc ZciZ Vjidcdbd X]Z ^he^gV aV egdeg^V Vo^dcZ edaî^XV ZY Vbb^c^" higVi^kV VaaV XjgV YZ\a^ ^ciZgZhh^ YZ^ XîiVY^c^ Z VaaV ijiZaV YZ^ adgd Y^gîi^# >a 8dbjcZ Y^ 6gXd igVbîZ â egdeg^d 6hhZhhdgVid VaaZ Edaî^X]Z HdX^Va^ ViijV ^ciZgkZci^ V [VkdgZ YZaaV [Vb^\a^V eZgXdgh^ [dgbVi^k^ eZg cdcc^! eVe| Z Xdee^Z ^c Y^[ÒXdai|0 eZgXdgh^ g^kdai^ VaaV [dgbVo^dcZ Z Va hdhiZ\cd YZaaV \Zcîdg^Vaî| ! YZ^ \^dkVc^ ViigVkZghd â XZcigd Y^ V\\gZ\Vo^dcZ \^dkVcâZ Æ6# <^dÇ Vii^kd YVaaÉdiidWgZ '%%%! aV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ Va e^Vcd Y^ odcV YZaaZ edaî^X]Z \^dkVcâ^! aZ Vii^kî| ajY^Xd g^XgZVi^kZ Zhi^kZ eZg gV\Voo^! â egd\Ziid Y^ ZYjXVo^dcZ VaaV hVajiZ! â eVigdX^c^d Y^ egd\Zii^ g^kdai^ Va egdiV\dc^hbd \^dkVcâZ ZiX# ! YZ\a^ Vco^Vc^ egd\Ziid Vii^kî| bdidg^V! dgi^ eZg Vco^Vc^! VXXd\a^bZcid Z bVciZc^bZcid ^c higjiijgZ gZh^YZco^Va^ egdiZiiZ ZiX# ! YZaaZ XViZ\dg^Z egdiZiiZ ZY ZbVg\^cVi^ egd\Ziid 6o^dcZ &% Z XVhV Vaad\\^d ! YZa kdadciVg^Vid Zgd\Vo^dcZ Y^ Xdcig^Wji^ ! YZaaV \ZcZgVaî| YZ^ XîiVY^c^ Vaad\\^ XdbjcVa^! Vaad\\^ eZg Vco^Vc^! HZgkô^d 8^kâZ #

hdX^VaZ5XdbjcZ#VgXd#ic#^i lll#XdbjcZ#VgXd#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

K^k^VcV HWVgV^c^ k^k^VcV#hWVgV^c^5XdbjcZ#VgXd# ic#^i

&&-

CZaaÉVbWîd YZaaZ edaî^X]Z hdX^Va^ â 8dbjcZ Y^ 6gXd ]V hkdaid eZg bdai^ Vcc^ jc ^bedg" iVciZ Vii^kî| Y^ Vhh^hiZcoV g^kdaiV V^ egdeg^ XîiVY^c^ ^c hiVid Y^ W^hd\cd \gVo^Z VaaÉdeZgV YZ\a^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV# EZg \VgVci^gZ jcV Xdci^cjî| cZaaÉVii^kî| Y^ Vhh^hiZcoV Z Vc^bVo^dcZ VcX]Z Yded aV hdheZch^dcZ YZaaV aZkV dWWa^\Vidg^V! V eVgi^gZ YVa '%%) â 8dbjcZ Y^ 6gXd ]V gZVaôoVid YjZ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ# > egd\Zii^ ]Vccd eZghZ\jîd aV ÒcVaî| Y^ ediZco^VgZ â hZgkô^d Y^ Æk^X^cVcoV Xdci^cjVÇ egZhhd â Ydb^Xâ^d Y^ eZghdcZ Vco^VcZ d ^c hiVid Y^ W^hd\cd! Y^ [Vkdg^gZ aÉV\\gZ\Vo^dcZ Z â egdiV\dc^hbd \^dkVcâZ ViigVkZghd â hjeedgid V^ YjZ ZYjXVidg^ egd[Zhh^dcVa^ ^be^Z\Vi^ egZhhd â XZcigd XdbjcVaZ Æ6# <^dÇ Z Y^ kVadgôoVgZ aZ XVeVXî| Z aZ XdcdhXZcoZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ kdadciVg^# >a 8dbjcZ Y^ 6gXd ^ciZcYZ egdedggZ VcX]Z eZg \a^ Vcc^ [jijg^ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Xdc aZ bZYZh^" bZ ÒcVaî| cZ^ hZiidg^ hdX^d Ä Vhh^hiZco^VaZ Z XjaijgVaZ# CZa '%%. ]Vccd eVgiZXêVid Va egd\Ziid ÆKd#8^# YZa HVgXVÇ HiZ[Vcd 8VcVa^ Z 6aWZgid <âa^#

8DBJC: 9> 7DG<D K6AHJ<6C6

8=> H>6BD

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ 7dg\d KVahj\VcV! hîjVid cZa XdbegZchdg^d YZaaV 7VhhV KVahj\VcV Z YZa IZh^cd! jc ZciZ ejWWa^Xd iZggîdg^VaZ Z XdciV X^gXV +*%% VWîVci^# EZg fjVcid g^\jVgYV aZ Vii^kî| hkdaiZ cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaZ edaî^X]Z hdX^Va^ Zhhd egdbjdkZ ^cô^Vi^kZ kVg^Z\ViZ eZg [VhXZ YÉZi|! gZVaôoV egd\Zii^ Z hdhi^ZcZ ^ciZgkZci^ b^gVi^ X]Z VWW^Vcd XdbZ ÒcVaî| eg^bVg^V â WZcZhhZgZ eh^Xd"Òh^Xd YZaaV eZghdcV V egZhX^cYZgZ YVaaV hjV Zi| VcV\gVÒXV XdbZ h^c\dad Z XdbZ XdbedcZciZ Y^ jc \gjeed YVaaV XZaajaV e^ e^XXdaV XdbZ aV [Vb^\a^V VaaÉ^ciZgV Xdbjcî| #

E^VooV 9Z\VheZg^^! '% (-%*& 7dg\d KVahj\VcV IC

iZaZ[dcd %)+& ,*-,%%

XdbjcZ5XdbjcZ#Wdg\d"kVahj" \VcV#ic#^i lll#XdbjcZ#Wdg\d"kVahj\VcV# ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A:

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ 7dg\d ^hXgîid VaaÉVaWd egdk^cX^VaZ XdbZ ZciZ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Y^ >K XaVhhZ# AÉZheZg^ZcoV YZa 8dbjcZ Y^ 7dg\d KVahj\VcV cZaaÉVbWîd YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ g^hVaZ Va &.-* Xdc aÉ^be^Z\d Y^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV#

gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

Ijaa^V FjV^Viid ijaa^V#fjV^Viid5dbjcZ#Wdg\d" kVahj\VcV#ic#^i

&&.

8DBJC: 9> A6K6GDC:

8=> H>6BD

;gVo^dcZ <^dc\]^! &%, (-%)+ AVkVgdcZ IC iZaZ[dcd %)+) ,-(-('

aVkVgdcZ5W^Wa^d#^c[dic#^i lll#XdbjcZ#aVkVgdcZ#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

BdgZcV 7ZgidaY^ aVkVgdcZ5W^Wa^d#^c[dic#^i

&'%

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ AVkVgdcZ jc ZciZ ejWWa^Xd iZggîdg^VaZ VeeVgiZcZciZ VaaV egdk^cX^V Y^ IgZcid# HîjVid cZaaÉZhigZbV egdeV\\^cZ hjY"dg^ZciVaZ YZa IgZci^cd! Y^hiV (% `b X^gXV YV^ XZcig^ XîiVY^c^ Y^ IgZcid Z GdkZgZid# CZaaÉVbWîd YZaaZ egdeg^Z XdbeZiZcoZ â 8dbjcZ ^beZ\cVid ^c ^ciZgkZci^ V hdhiZ\cd YZaaV IZgoV :i| <Zhi^dcZ 8VhV 6co^Vc^! XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc aÉJI:I9 ! YZ^ \^dkVc^ Egd\Zi" id <^dkVc^! Egd\Ziid AVkdgd hj\a^ 6aiê^Vc^ ! Y^ XViZ\dg^Z heZX^Va^ 6o^dcZ &% ! cdcX] cZaaV fjVa^ÒXVo^dcZ Z cZaaV hVakV\jVgY^V YZa iZggîdg^d Z YZa eVig^bdc^d VbW^ZciVaZ# EZg fjVcid Vii^ZcZ ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ aÉVbWîd XjaijgVaZ ^beZ\cVid cZaaV kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZaaZ iZhi^bdc^VcoZ hidg^X]Z Z YZ^ bVcj[Vii^ egZhZci^ hja iZggîdg^d cdcX] cZa gZXjeZgd Z cZaaV kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZaaV egdeg^V bZbdg^V bZY^VciZ aV XjgV Z aV ejWWa^XVo^dcZ Y^ hijY^ Z hV\\^# 8jgV Z eVgiZXêV VaaÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ XdckZ\c^$\^dgcViZ Y^ hijY^d g^\jVgYVci^ aÉVgiZ! aV hidg^V! aÉVbW^ZciZ YZa egdeg^d iZggîdg^d! VaaÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ Xdc[ZgZcoZ Z ^c" Xdcig^ Y^ kVg^d Vg\dbZcid! gVhhZ\cZ a^WgVg^Z! XdcXZgi^! VaaZhi^bZcid bdhigZ# 6iigVkZghd aV W^Wa^diZXV XdbjcVaZ hkda\Z Vii^kî| Y^ egdbdo^dcZ YZa a^Wgd Z YZaaV aZiijgV! dg\V" côoV Xdgh^! egdbjdkZ ^cXdcig^! Xdc[ZgZcoZ! egZhZciVo^dc^ Y^ a^Wg^! aVWdgVidg^ V XVgViiZgZ g^XgZVi^kd"Y^YVii^Xd# 6iigVkZghd aV ;dcYVo^dcZ 7ZakZYZgZ"<hX]lZci XjgV aV \Zhi^dcZ Z aV kVadgôoVo^dcZ Y^ ;dgiZ 7ZakZYZgZ gêg^hi^cd Z kVadgôoVo^dcZ! ejWWa^XVo^dc^! bdhigZ! Xdc[ZgZcoZ! ZXX# #

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ AVkVgdcZ ]V dheîVid Xdci^cjVi^kVbZciZ! Òcd VaaV hjV hdheZch^dcZ! ZheZ" g^ZcoZ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hdhiîji^kd VaaV aZkV bâîVgZ! ^be^Z\VcYd \a^ dW^Ziidg^ cZ^ hZgkô^ XjaijgVa^ W^Wa^diZXV Z hdX^Va^ egd\Zii^ Y^ hdhiZ\cd V\a^ Vco^Vc^ # AÉVYZh^dcZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ gVeegZhZciV eZgiVcid jcV cjdkV iVeeV Y^ fjZhid eZgXdghd Y^ ViiZco^dcZ kZghd ^ \^dkVc^! YZ^ fjVa^ X^ h^ egdedcZ Y^ kVadgôoVgZ aZ fjVaî| Z aZ XdbeZiZcoZ cZaaÉVbWîd Y^ jcd hXVbW^d Z Y^ jcV XgZhXîV [dgbVi^kV ZY jbVcV gZXêgdX]Z# >c fjZhiÉdii^XV â 8dbjcZ Y^ AVkVgdcZ ^ciZcYZ egZhZciVgZ egd\Zii^ cZ\a^ VbWî^/ x YZa hdX^VaZ Vc^bVo^dcZ Z eVgiZXêVo^dcZ V egd\Zii^ g^\jVgYVci^ Vco^Vc^ Z \^dkVc^ 0 x YZaaÉZYjXVo^dcZ Z egdbdo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ egd\Zii^ Y^ egdbdo^dcZ YZa a^Wgd Z YZaaV aZi" ijgV ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ g^kdai^ V WVbW^c^ Z \^dkVc^! ZaVWdgVo^dcZ XdciZcji^ Z V\\^dgcVbZcid YZa hîd lZW YZaaV W^Wa^diZXV 0 x YZa eVig^bdc^d Vgi^hi^Xd Z XjaijgVaZ ^YZVo^dcZ! egd\ZiiVo^dcZ! ZhZXjo^dcZ Y^ aVWdgV" idg^ Y^YVii^X^ gZaVi^k^ VaaV Eg^bV \jZggV bdcY^VaZ Z aÉjhd YZaaZ [dci^ hidg^X]Z! ^YZVo^dcZ! egd\ZiiVo^dcZ ZY ZhZXjo^dcZ Y^ egd\Zii^ Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ " ^cXdcig^! Xdc[ZgZcoZ! VaaZhi^bZcid bdhigZ ZXX# #

8DBJC: 9> A6K>H

8=> H>6BD

AVk^h jc 8dbjcZ YZa IgZci^cd! hîjVid cZaaV KVaaZ YZaaÉ6Y^\Z! hkâjeeVidh^ Viidgcd Va idggZciZ 6k^h^d! X]Z hZ\cV â XdcÒcZ Xdc â k^X^cd 8dbjcZ Y^ IgZcid# 9Va cjXaZd XZcigVaZ V g^Ydhhd YZaaV Xdaa^cV YZa ÆEV^dcÇ! aÉVWîVid h^ egd\gZhh^kVbZciZ ZhiZhd kZghd aV hiViVaZ YZa 7gZccZgd Z! hjeZgViV fjZhiV! cZaaV e^VcV V\g^XdaV VY dkZhi# >a Wddb ZYâô^d YZ\a^ Vcc^ È+% Xdc aV XgZVo^dcZ Y^ cjdk^ fjVgi^Zg^ gZh^YZco^Va^ ]V XdbedgiVid jc XdchZ\jZciZ VjbZcid YZaaV ededaVo^dcZ! X]Z d\\^ VbbdciV VY -#%%% VWîVci^ X^gXV#

K^V <# BViiZdii^!)* (-%&* AVk^h IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& ')-&&&

^c[d5XdbjcZaVk^h#^i lll#XdbjcZaVk^h#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

H^ak^V ;gVcX]^c^ 6cidcZaaV BV\dii^

>hXgîid VaaÉ6aWd Egdk^cX^VaZ YZ\a^ :ci^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! â 8dbjcZ Y^ AVk^h ^ciZcYZ Xd^ckda" \ZgZ ^ \^dkVc^ ^c egd\Zii^ Vii^k^ cZa hZiidgZ YZaaÉVhh^hiZcoV! ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ kdai^ V fjVa^ÒXVgZ aV kîV Y^ Vco^Vc^ Z \^dkVc^# CZa '%%- hiVid Vii^kVid â egd\Ziid Æ6c^bVgh^ eZg Vc^bVgZÇ Xdc aÉVYZh^dcZ Y^ BViiZd 6k^ Z 9Vc^ZaZ Dhi^# CZa '%%. ]Vccd eVgiZXêVid Va egd\Ziid Æ<>DK6C> >CH>:B: 6> <>DK6C>/ eZg XdcY^k^YZgZ! g^ÓZiiZgZ! XgZhXZgZ#Ç :aZdcdgV 9Z BVgi^cd! 9Vk^YZ E^hZiiV Z AjXV H^X]Zg

[gVcX]^c^5XdbjcZaVk^h#^i Vii^k#hdX^Va^5XdbjcZaVk^h#^i

&'&

8DBJC: 9> IG:CID

8=> H>6BD

K^V 7ZaZcoVc^! &. (-&'' IgZcid

iZaZ[dcd %)+& --)')%"'(*%+'

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ IgZcid! XVedajd\d Y^ Egdk^cX^V hîjVid cZa XdbegZchdg^d YZaaV KVaaZ YZa" aÉ6Y^\Z Z XdciV X^gXV &%%#%%% VWîVci^# 8dZgZciZbZciZ Xdc aZ hjZ ÒcVaî| Y^ egdbdo^dcZ YZaaV eVXZ! YZ^ Y^gîi^ X^kâ^ Z jbVc^! Y^ g^XZgXV! Y^ ZYjXVo^dcZ! Y^ ^c[dgbVo^dcZ Z Y^ [dg" bVo^dcZ YZ^ \^dkVc^! ^hXgîid XdbZ ZciZ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ZY ]V Vii^kVid egd\Zii^ \^| YVa '%%(# >c eVgi^XdaVgZ ^ hZgkô^ YZaaÉ6bb^c^higVo^dcZ X]Z edhhdcd ZaVWdgVgZ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hdcd/ x EGD<:IID EDA>I>8=: <>DK6C>A> x H:GK>O>D 6B7>:CI: x H:GK>O>D 6II>K>I6É HD8>6A> x H:GK>O>D 7>7A>DI:8=: x H:GK>O>D 8JAIJG6

lll#igZcid\^dkVc^#^i lll#XdbjcZ#igZcid#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

GdhVccV LZ\]Zg j[ÒX^dTedaî^X]Z\^dkVcâ^5Xdbj" cZ#igZcid#î

&''

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ IgZcid h^ ^beZ\cVid cZaaÉVXXd\a^ZcoV Y^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ViigV" kZghd egd\Zii^ kdai^ V Xdhiîj^gZ deedgijcî| Y^ hdX^VaôoVo^dcZ! XgZVi^kî|! egd\ZiijVaî| Z [dgbVo^dcZ# Egd\Zii^ XVeVX^ Y^ egdbjdkZgZ jcV XjaijgV YZaaV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ Z YZaaV Xî" iVY^cVcoV Vii^kV! Y^ hdhiZcZgZ ^ eZgXdgh^ Y^ XgZhXîV eZghdcVaZ Z egd[Zhh^dcVaZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ Z Y^ ^cigdYjggZ ZaZbZci^ ^ccdkVi^k^ Z Y^ fjVaî|! cZaaÉVo^dcZ YZaaÉ6bb^c^higVo^dcZ# >a 8dbjcZ Y^ IgZcid ]V edijid XdciVgZ hjaaÉ^beZ\cd Z hjaaV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ Y^ \^dkVc^ ^c egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ cZaaV Xdgc^XZ YZaaZ Edaî^X]Z <^dkVcâ^ h^cd YVa '%%(#

8GD8: 7>6C86 " IG:CID

8=> H>6BD

K^V BVXXVc^! &&+ (-&'& IgZcid

8gdXZ 7^VcXV jc 6hhdX^Vo^dcZ dcajh Y^ EjWWa^XV 6hh^hiZcoV XdckZco^dcViV Xdc IgZci^cd :bZg\ZcoV &&- [dcYViV cZa &.,+# :[[ZiijV igVhedgi^ hVcîVg^ bZY^VciZ VbWjaVcoV hja iZggîdg^d cVo^dcVaZ ZY ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ! jg\ZcoZ ZY ZbZg\ZcoZ Z igVhedgid Y^ bViZg^VaZ W^dad\^Xd ZY dg\Vc^ Xdc VjidkZiijgZ Y^ hZgkô^d# AÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ XdciV X^gXV +% kdadciVg^ Y^ ijiiZ aZ Zi|! * YêZcYZci^ hdXXdggîdg^ Z jcd Vbb^c^higVi^kd#

iZaZ[dcd %)+& -'%%'' XZaajaVgZ (). --'((.-

^c[d5XgdXZW^VcXVic#dg\ lll#XgdXZW^VcXVic#dg\

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

AV 8gdXZ 7^VcXV Y^ IgZcid gVeegZhZciV jcd YZ^ iVci^ ejci^ Y^ ^cXdcigd ^c VbWîd XîiVY^cd hdegViijiid eZg ^ \^dkVc^# Egdeg^d eZg fjZhid jcd YZ\a^ dW^Zii^k^ YZaaÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ fjZaad Y^ hZch^WâôoVgZ ^ \^dkVc^ Va kdadciVg^Vid Z edgiVga^ V XdcdhXZcoV YZaaZ iZXc^X]Z Y^ hdXXdghd hVcîVg^d! ^c bdYd YV Vbea^VgZ â adgd WV\V\a^d XjaijgVaZ! YV ediZg jiâôoVgZ ^c fjVah^Vh^ hîjVo^dcZ! VcX]Z Va Y^ [jdg^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ#

8Vgad 7^Vh^daa^ hZgk^o^d5XgdXZW^VcXVic#dg\

&'(

9:A;>CD

(% K^V 6aYd HX]b^Y! '' (-&'& IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& '(%%%%

AV 8ddeZgVi^kV k^ZcZ XdhiîjîV cZa &.-. YV +* eZghdcZ Vii^kZ cZa bdcYd YZa kdadciVg^Vid! YZaaÉ^beZ\cd X^kâZ! edaî^Xd Z gZa^\^dhd Vaad hXded Y^ Ædg\VcôoVgZ jcÉ^begZhV X]Z 8=> H>6BD eZghZ\jV hXde^ ZXdcdb^X^! hdX^Va^! ZYjXVi^k^ Z g^VWâîVi^k^Ç# 9ZaÒcd jcV 8ddeZgVi^kV Y^ Hda^YVg^Zi| HdX^VaZ X]Z eZghZ\jZ ad hkâjeed Z â WZcZhhZgZ hdX^VaZ YZaaV Xdbjcî| d[[gZcYd hZgkô^ Y^ XjgV! Y^ Vhh^hiZcoV Ydb^Xâ^VgZ VY Vco^Vc^ Vjidhj[ÒX^Zci^! cdc YZa ijiid d cdc Vjidhj[ÒX^Zci^ Z Y^ Vhh^hiZcoV egd[Zhh^dcVaZ egdbjdkZcYd Vii^kî| XjaijgVa^ Z g^XgZVi^kZ V [VkdgZ Y^ Vco^Vc^ Z VYjai^ X]Z h^ igdkVcd ^c hîjVo^dc^ Y^ Y^hV\^d hdX^VaZ# >a 8Zcigd Y^jgcd YZaaV 8aVg^cV Æ>a <^gVhdaZÇ VXXd\a^Z \a^ Vco^Vc^ cZaaÉVgXd YZaaV \^dgcViV Va ÒcZ Y^ eZgbZiiZgZ adgd jcV eZgbVcZcoV VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZa egdeg^d VbW^ZciZ Y^ kîV# KZc\dcd gZVaôoViZ Vii^kî| g^kdaiZ VaaV hdX^VaôoVo^dcZ! ajY^Xd"g^XgZVi^kZ Z Va bVciZc^bZcid YZaaZ VWâî| VXfj^hîZ# Æ7VgNXZcigdÇ jc hZgkô^d YZaaV 8ddeZgVi^kV 9ZaÒcd ^c XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc aV 8ddeZgVi^kV HVbjZaZ Z h^ egdedcZ XdbZ ejcid Y^ g^[Zg^bZcid eZg eZghdcZ ^c Y^[ÒXdai|# >a hZgkô^d WVg \Zhiîd YVaaV 8ddeZgVi^kV HVbjZaZ# Ad hedgiZaad Æ6hhdX^V 6o^dc^Ç! cVid ^c hZcd Va 7VgNXZcigd d[[gZ hjeedgid dg\VcôoVi^kd! ad\^hi^Xd Z egd\ZiijVaZ fjVadgV VhhdX^Vo^dc^! XdbîVi^! \gjee^ Y^ kdadciVg^Vid! ZXX# YZX^YVcd Vbb^c^higVo^dcZ5YZaÒcd-.#Xdb Y^ heZg^bZciVgZ ZheZg^ZcoZ Y^ XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ! Va ÒcZ Y^ Xdcig^Wj^gZ VaaÉVXXgZhX^bZcid lll#YZaÒcd#Xdde YZaaZ adgd ediZco^Vaî|#

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

BVhh^b^a^Vcd KVg^d bVhh^b^a^Vcd#kVg^d5 YZaÒcd#Xdde

9ZaÒcd! hdX^Zi| 8ddeZgVi^kV hdX^VaZ! h^ VXXgZYîViV VaaÉVaWd egdk^cX^VaZ YZa HZgkô^d 8^" kâZ cZa '%%-# CZaad hiZhhd Vccd hiVid egZhZciVid jc egd\Ziid ^c XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc aZ XddeZgVi^kZ ;6> Z @6A:>9DH8DE>D YVa iîdad Æ6kk^X^c^VbdX^Ç# >a egd\Ziid g^kdaid V^ \^dkVc^ X]Z ^ciZcYdcd hkda\ZgZ â egdeg^d hZgkô^d egZhhdaZ higjiijgZ YZ^ 8Zcig^ 9^jgc^ eZg 6co^Vc^ YZaaZ igZ dg\VcôoVo^dc^! XdaaVWdgVcYd VaaÉVc^" bVo^dcZ egdedhiV V\a^ jiZci^ Z VaaV XgZVo^dcZ Y^ jcV gZiZ hja iZggîdg^d X]Z eZgbZiiV Y^ ^chZg^gZ gZVabZciZ aZ higjiijgZ cZa iZhhjid hdX^VaZ YZaaZ Xdbjcî| Y^ g^[Zg^bZcid# AZ ^YZZ Y^ ÆgZiZÇ Z Y^ ÆXdaaVWdgVo^dcZÇ hdcd eg^cXê^ bdaid gVY^XVi^ VaaÉ^ciZgcd Y^ 9ZaÒcd X]Z! egdeg^d eZg fjZhid bdi^kd! ]V YZX^hd Y^ egdedggZ jc egd\Ziid Xdc\^jcid# AÉZheZg^ZcoV kZciZccVaZ YZaaV 8ddeZgVi^kV Z aÉZheZg^ZcoV heZX^ÒXV YV eVgiZ Y^ bdai^ hdX^" aVkdgVidg^ cZa bdcYd YZaaÉdW^Zo^dcZ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV Z YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ [V h^ X]Z ^ \^dkVc^ kdadciVg^ YZa HZgkô^d h^Vcd eZgXZeî^ VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZaaÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ XdbZ jcV gZVaZ g^hdghV eZg ^ hZgkô^ g^kdai^ VaaV Xdbjcî|#

DELFINO - Società Cooperativa Sociale

&')

;6> ;6B><A>6 6CO>6C> >C;6CO>6

8=> H>6BD

K^V <gVbhX^ )-$*% (-&'& IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& .&&*%.

;6> jcV 8ddeZgVi^kV HdX^VaZ! hZcoV Òc^ Y^ ajXgd# :É cViV cZa &.-( YVa YZh^YZg^d Y^ jc \gjeed Y^ YdccZ Y^ Y^kZciVgZ ^begZcYîg^X^! bV VcX]Z Y^ ZhhZgZ jiâ^ VaaZ eZghdcZ e^ W^hd\cdhZ YZa iZggîdg^d igZci^cd# AÉVii^kî| Xdb^cX^ViV Xdc â hZgkô^d Y^ Vhh^hiZcoV Ydb^Xâ^VgZ hkdaid ^c XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc â 8dbjcZ Y^ IgZcid Z h^ Vbea^ViV cZ\a^ Vcc^ hjXXZhh^k^ Xdc aÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ YZ^ hd\\^dgc^ Zhi^k^ eZg Vco^Vc^ Z aV XdchZ\cV eVhi^ V Ydb^Xâ^d# CZa &.-- aV 8ddeZgVi^kV Xdb^cX^V VY d[[g^gZ Vii^kî| Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ Z hZgkô^ Y^ XjgV egZhhd â 8^gXdad EZch^dcVi^ Y^ <VgYdad hjXXZhh^kVbZciZ Vkk^V cZa '%%* aV \Zhi^dcZ YZa XZcigd Y^jgcd Y^ GVk^cV# D\\^ aV 8ddeZgVi^kV h^ dXXjeV Y^ e^ Y^ (%% Vco^Vc^ Xdc daigZ &%% hdX^! eZg aV bV\\^dg eVgiZ YdccZ# CZa '%%' ;6> ]V diiZcjid VcX]Z aV XZgi^ÒXVo^dcZ Y^ fjVaî| JC> :C> >HD .%%&$'%%%#

[V^5[V^Xdde#Xdb lll#[V^Xdde#Xdb

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

EVdaV B^cZaa^ eb^cZaa^#[V^5[V^Xdde#Xdb

AV 8ddeZgVi^kV ;6> egdbjdkZ â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ed^X] ]V XdchiViVid XdbZ ^ \^dkVc^ h^Vcd [dcYVbZciVa^ eZg â b^\a^dgVbZcid YZaaV fjVaî| YZa hZgkô^d Z! cZaaV [Vii^heZX^Z! YZaaZ gZaVo^dc^ Xdc \a^ jiZci^# EgdkV cZ h^V aÉ^chZg^bZcid Y^ jcV \^dkVcZ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egZhhd â XZcigd Y^jgcd Y^ GVk^cV cZa '%%+! Xd^ckdaiV eg^cXêVabZciZ cZaaZ Vii^kî| Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ Z Y^ hdhiZ\cd gZaVo^dcVaZ# AV \^dkVcZ ]V hVejid [dgc^gZ jc egZo^dhd ejcid Y^ dhhZgkVo^dcZ ÆZhiZgcdÇ! bV ejg hZbegZ YZcigd Va XdciZhid YZaaZ Y^cVb^X]Z dg\VcôoVi^kZ YZaaV higjiijgV# AV 8ddeZgVi^kV ;6> ^ciZcYZ fj^cY^ egdhZ\j^gZ â eZgXdghd Vkk^Vid V[ÒcVcYd aZ higViZ\^Z YÉ^chZg^bZcid Z [dgbVo^dcZ YZ^ egdeg^ kdadciVg^! hjaaV WVhZ YZaaÉZheZg^ZcoV Z Y^ jcV edaî^XV Y^ \Zhi^dcZ X]Z ^ciZcYZ VWWgVXX^VgZ ijiiZ aZ gZVai| ^c Xj^ aÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ deZgV! dkkZgd â XZcigd Y^jgcd Z hdegViijiid â hZgkô^d Y^ Vhh^hiZcoV Ydb^Xâ^VgZ#

&'*

;DC96O>DC: ;6B><A>6 B6I:GC6

8=> H>6BD

K^V HV^WVci^! + (-%+- GdkZgZid IC iZaZ[dcd %)+) )(*'%%

AV ;dcYVo^dcZ Æ;Vb^\a^V BViZgcVÇ cViV VaaÉ^cô^d YZa CdkZXZcid eZg VXXd\a^ZgZ aZ gV\VooZ X]Z V[[gdciVkVcd â YgVbbV Y^ jcV \gVk^YVcoV âaZ\îi^bV# CZa iZbed! ZhhV ]V g^ccdkVid aV Òh^dcdb^V YZ^ egdeg^ hZgkô^! VYZ\jVcYda^ V^ XVbW^VbZci^ YZ^ W^hd\c^ hdX^V" a^! bV gZhiVcYd [ZYZaZ Vaad hXded dg^\^cVg^d Y^ d[[g^gZ V^jid VaaZ YdccZ hdaZ d Xdc Ò\a^ X]Z h^ igdkVcd ^c hîjVo^dcZ Y^ Y^[ÒXdai|# AV higjiijgV Y^hedcZ Y^/ jcV 8VhV Y^ 6XXd\a^ZcoV egdiZiiV0 '% Vaad\\^ ^c hZb^Vjidcdb^V Z , Y^ [dgZhiZg^V0 jc hZgkô^d ZbZg\ZcoZ Z jc XZcigd Y^jgcd eZg b^cdg^ YV % V && Vcc^ 8Zcigd ;gZZlVn ! VeZgid ijii^ ^ \^dgc^# AZ [dgbZ Y^ VXXd\a^ZcoV hdcd ÓZhh^Wâ^ Z eZghdcVaôoViZ Z ^ cjXaZ^ [Vbâ^Vg^ dheîVi^ edhhd" cd hZ\j^gZ eZgXdgh^ Y^ gZ^chZg^bZcid [Vbâ^VgZ! hdX^VaZ Z aVkdgVi^kd! V hZXdcYV YZaaZ adgd Zh^\ZcoZ! Òcd Va gZXjeZgd Y^ jcV hîjVo^dcZ Y^ hj[ÒX^ZciZ Vjidcdb^V Z hZgZcî|#

hZgkô^dX^kâZ5[Vb^\a^VbViZgcV# î lll#[Vb^\a^VbViZgcV#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ 6ccV 8# B^X]Za^c^ BVgiV H^bdcXZaa^ hZgkô^dX^kâZ5 [Vb^\a^VbViZgcV#î

&'+

AÉVYZh^dcZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! ediZcYd XdciVgZ hj g^hdghZ jbVcZ hiVWâ^ Z bdi^kViZ! eZg" bZiiZg| Y^ hkda\ZgZ egd\Zii^ e^ higjiijgVi^ Y^ hdhiZ\cd V\a^ dheî^ YZaaV higjiijgV! ^c eVg" i^XdaVgZ VaaZ bVYg^ V^ WVbW^c^ higVc^Zg^! V^jiVcYda^ cZa eZgXdghd Y^ ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ hXVbW^d gZaVo^dcVaZ Z VeegZcY^bZcid YZaaV a^c\jV îVa^VcV! XdcdhXZcoV YZa iZggîdg^d Z VXXZhhd V^ hZgkô^! VXXdbeV\cVbZcid hXdaVhi^Xd! ZXX# # > \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ edhhdcd ^b" eZ\cVgh^ ^c Y^kZghZ Vii^kî|/ hdhiZ\cd hXdaVhi^Xd Z \^dXd Xdc ^ WVbW^c^0 XdbeV\c^V Z V^jid VaaZ dheî^ cZ^ W^hd\c^ egVi^X^ Z Y^ gZaVo^dcZ0 V^jid ^c XjX^cV Z ejaô^Z0 \^VgY^cV\\^d Z bVcjiZco^dcZ YZa kZgYZ# 6cX]Z aZ Vii^kî| egVi^X]Z ]Vccd hZbegZ jcd hXded ZYjXVi^kd Z$d g^VWâîVi^kd Z kZc\d" cd hkdaiZ Xd^ckda\ZcYd \a^ jiZci^ YZaaV higjiijgV# > \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ deZgZgVccd hdiid aV hjeZgk^h^dcZ Y^ deZgVidg^ egd[Zhh^dc^hi^ ZY VkgVccd [gZfjZci^ deedgijcî| Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ ^ciZgcV Z Y^ hXVbW^d Xdc aÉ fjêZ YZaaV ;dcYVo^dcZ# :É d[[ZgiV aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ Vaad\\^d V^ \^dkVc^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ X]Z cZ [Vccd g^X]^ZhiV# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid ÆKdadciVg^V#bZciZÇ 6cYgZV HeZo^Va^ Z :hiZg IZYZ" hXd#

<H= <GJEED H:CH>7>A>OO6O>DC: =6C9>86E

((

8=> H>6BD

K^V AdgZcodc^! '& (-%'( 8aZh IC

<H= jcV 8ddeZgVi^kV HdX^VaZ X]Z YVa &..% deZgV cZaaZ KVaa^ Y^ Cdc Z Y^ HdaZ Va hZgk^" o^d YZaaZ eZghdcZ Y^hVWâ^# CViV YV jcÉZheZg^ZcoV Y^ kdadciVg^Vid Y^ bVig^XZ Xg^hi^VcV! aV 8ddeZgVi^kV h^ cZa iZbed higjiijgViV ^c jcV eajgVaî| Y^ hZgkô^ egd[Zhh^dcVa^ g^kdai^ V eZghdcZ Xdc Y^hVWâî| eh^XdÒh^XV Z hZchdg^VaZ# AV WVhZ hdX^VaZ Y^ <H= XdbedhiV YV X^gXV fjVgVciV hdX^ kdadciVg^! [gjîdg^ Z aVkdgVidg^# >c ZhhV deZgVcd VcX]Z e^ Y^ X^cfjVciV aVkdgVidg^ YêZcYZci^! jcV YZX^cV Y^ XdaaVWdgVidg^ Vjidcdb^ Z Y^kZgh^ kdadciVg^# <gVo^Z V fjZhiV Y^bZch^dcZ! <H= ^c \gVYd Y^ \Zhi^gZ jc eVXX]Ziid XdbeaZid Y^ hZgkô^ hdX^d"Vhh^hiZco^Va^ ZY ZYjXVi^k^! Y^ egdbjdkZgZ Z XddgY^" cVgZ Y^kZgh^ egd\gVbb^ Y^ ^ciZgkZcid Z Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ cZa iZggîdg^d! cdcX] Y^ ZhhZgZ ViidgZ h^\c^ÒXVi^kd cZaaZ adXVa^ edaî^X]Z hdX^Va^ V [VkdgZ YZ^ Y^hVWâ^#

iZaZ[dcd %)+( )')+()

^c[d5\h]#^i lll#\h]#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

9dg^cV >cVbV kdadciVg^5\h]#^i

CZa '%%+ <H= h^ ^hXgîiV VaaÉ6aWd egdk^cX^VaZ YZ\a^ Zci^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ# >c eVhhVid k^ hdcd hiVi^ cjbZgdh^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV X]Z ]Vccd k^hhjid jcÉZheZg^ZcoV egZhhd aV 8ddeZgVi^kV# H^ gî^ZcZ ^bedgiVciZ d[[g^gZ V^ \^dkVc^ aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ heZg^bZciVgZ ZheZ" g^ZcoZ Y^ kîV Y^kZghZ! YdkZ edhhVcd bZiiZgh^ ^c \^dXd! hXdeg^gZ Z Xdc[gdciVgh^ Xdc fjZaad X]Z h^ gî^ZcZ ZhhZgZ jc Vaigd bdcYd# BV aV Y^hVWâî| cdc jc Vaigd bdcYd! jcV gZVai| eVgVaaZaV VaaV cdhigV# :É ^bedgiVciZ VkZgZ aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ Xdc[gdciVgh^ Xdc eZghdcZ X]Z k^kdcd Z eZgXZe^hXdcd â bdcYd ^c bdYd Y^kZghd YVa cdhigd eZgX] ! heZhhd! egdeg^d aV Y^kZghî| X]Z [Vkdg^hXZ jc XdciViid jbVcd e^ VjiZci^Xd Z ^bbZY^Vid# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid ÆAV ;dgoV YZaaV 9^kZghî|Ç GdWZgiV BV\cVcd! 6aZhh^V EgVYZ Z AjVcV HeVYdc^#

&',

<>G6HDA: AV 8ddeZgVi^kV <^gVhdaZ! HdX^Zi| 8ddeZgVi^kV HdX^VaZ dcajh! cViV cZa &.-* \gVo^Z VaaÉ^beZ\cd Y^ jc \gjeed Y^ eZghdcZ cZaaÉ^ciZcid Y^ YVgZ jcV g^hedhiV V^ W^hd\c^ YZa 8=> H>6BD iZggîdg^d! ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ Va Y^hV\^d \^dkVcâZ# CVhXZ aV 8dbjcî| Y^ VXXd\a^ZcoV iZbedgVcZV &.-, VaaV fjVaZ cZa &..* h^ V\\^jc\dcd \a^ 6aad\\^ ^c Vjidcdb^V ZY â AVWdgVidg^d Y^ gZhiVjgd bdWâ^ eZg ^ egZgZfj^hî^ aVkdgVi^k^ cZa &..,# AV 8ddeZgVi^kV h^ dXXjeV Y^ ZbVg\^cVo^dcZ bVhX]âZ VYjaiV Xdc VeZgijgV V egZhZcoZ [Zbb^câ^ hdad ^c AVWdgVidg^d Z cZ\a^ 6aad\\^# AÉdW^Zii^kd fjZaad Y^ V^jiVgZ aZ eZghdcZ V hjeZgVgZ â Y^hV\^d X]Z k^kdcd V[ÒcX] edhhVcd hkâjeeVgZ aZ egdeg^Z g^hdghZ Z K^V ;aV^b! ( XVeVXî| eZghdcVa^ iVa^ YV eZgbZiiZgZ Y^ V[[gdciVgZ â gZ^chZg^bZcid hdX^VaZ Z aVkdgVi^kd! (-%+- GdkZgZid IC iZaZ[dcd edhh^WâbZciZ cZaaÉVbW^ZciZ Y^ dg^\^cZ# > hd\\Zii^ VXXdai^ edhhdcd egdkZc^gZ YVaaÉ^ciZgd %)+) )(,'%. Xdb#gZh^YZco^VaZ5Xdde\^gVhdaZ# iZggîdg^d egdk^cX^VaZ# AV 8ddeZgVi^kV VXXd\a^Z! eZg eZg^dY^ a^bîVi^ Z Xdc heZX^ÒXd VXXdbeV\cVbZcid! eZghdcZ A67DG6IDG>D 9> dg\ VYjaiZ Xdc egdWaZb^ Y^ Y^hV\^d hdX^VaZ! Y^[ÒXdai| gZaVo^dcVa^! a^Zk^ Y^hijgW^ eh^X]^Vig^X^# lll#\^gVhdaZ#dg\ ;6A:<C6B:G>6 AV 8ddeZgVi^kV gZVaôoV ^ egd\Zii^ g^VWâîVi^k^ ^c igZ Y^kZghZ higjiijgZ/ : G:HI6JGD BD7>A> x aV 8dbjcî| GZh^YZco^VaZ ]V ad hXded Y^ VXXgZhXZgZ aZ XVeVXî| ZY VWâî| Y^ WVhZ Z cZa K^V 8Vgi^ZgV .! 8VhV Zm BV\a^d XdciZbed Y^ b^\a^dgVgZ aZ XVeVXî| gZaVo^dcVa^# (-%+- GdkZgZid IC x AÉVii^kî| YZa aVWdgVidg^d Y^ gZhiVjgd bdWâ^ Z [VaZ\cVbZg^V ÒcVaôoViV VaaÉVeegZc" iZa$[Vm %)+) )(,(*& aVWdgVidg^d5Xdde\^gVhdaZ#dg\ Y^bZcid YZ^ egZ"gZfj^hî^ aVkdgVi^k^# x <a^ Vaad\\^ ^c Vjidcdb^V hdcd *! ^c jcd YZ^ fjVa^ aZ eZghdcZ VXXdaiZ edhhdcd heZg^bZciVgZ Z Xdchda^YVgZ aZ egdeg^Z XVeVXî| Y^ Vjidcdb^V# AÉVXXd\a^ZcoV VeZgiV V 6AAD<<> >C 6JIDCDB>6 cjXaZ^ [Vbâ^Vg^ Xdc YdccZ Z WVbW^c^# K^V 8Vgi^ZgV .! 8VhV Zm BV\a^d > igZ hZgkô^ XZgXVcd Y^ Xd^ckda\ZgZ aV [Vb^\a^V YZaaÉdheîZ! eVgZci^ d eZghdcZ h^\c^ÒXVi^kZ (-%+- GdkZgZid IC h^V cZaaV [VhZ Y^ XdcdhXZcoV X]Z ^c fjZaaV Y^ gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZa egd\Ziid egZhZcoV Z iZa$[Vm %)+) )(,(*& XVhVZmbV\a^d5Xdde\^gVhdaZ#dg\ eVgiZXêVo^dcZ V^ kVg^ ^cXdcig^! hdhiZ\cd Va eZgXdghd! ZkZcijVaZ VXXdbeV\cVbZcid Va 8ajW eZg 6aXda^hi^ ^c IgViiVbZcid! ### #

()

gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

Aj^\^ 8Vgdaad

&'-

AV hXZaiV YZaaV 8ddeZgVi^kV <^gVhdaZ Y^ VkkVaZgh^ Y^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ g^hVaZ fjVh^ VaaÉ^cô^d YZaaV hjV hidg^V# AV bdi^kVo^dcZ YV g^XZgXVgZ cZaaV edhî^kî| Y^ fjZhid iêd H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: Y^ ZheZg^ZcoV h^V eZg aZ g^XVYjiZ ^c iZgb^c^ Y^ fjVaî| YZa hZgkô^d h^V XdbZ ZaZbZcid Y^ XgZhXîV eZg ^ \^dkVc^# 6aXjc^ dW^Ziidg^! V XdcXajh^dcZ YZa adgd hZgkô^d! h^ hdcd ^chZgî^ cZaaÉVii^kî| YZaaÉZciZ XdbZ ZYjXVidg^! Vaig^ ]Vccd egdhZ\jîd aV adgd egZhZcoV XdbZ kdadciVg^# CZa '%%) Z cZa '%%+ aV 8ddeZgVi^kV ]V egZhZciVid Z gZVaôoVid YjZ Egd\Zii^ eZg aÉ^be^Z\d YZ^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ X]Z h^ hdcd XdcXajh^! ZcigVbW^! edhî^kVbZciZ# 9ViV aÉZheZg^ZcoV aV 8ddeZgVi^kV ]V gîZcjid Y^ egdhZ\j^gZ ^c fjZhiV Y^gZo^dcZ Z cZa '%%- ]V egZhZciVid jc cjdkd egd\Ziid# Xdb#gZh^YZco^VaZ5Xdde\^gVhdaZ# <^gVhdaZ ]V bVijgVid ZheZg^ZcoZ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ V eVgi^gZ YVa &.-.# > \^dkVc^ Xd^ckdai^ dg\ XdbZ dW^Ziidg^ eg^bV Z kdadciVg^ ed^! ]Vccd Vgg^XX]îd aV gZiZ gZaVo^dcVaZ YZ\a^ dheî^ Z hdhiZcjid â adgd eZgXdghd g^VWâîVi^kd# IVaZ hjeedgid gVeegZhZciV jcV g^hdghV ^bedgiVciZ Z h^\c^ÒXVi^kV h^V hja e^Vcd egVi^Xd h^V hj fjZaad jbVcd# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid ÆHZgk^gZ X^kâ bZciZÇ >kVc 7Vii^hi^ Z IdW^V IZggVcV#

<GJEED È,-

8=> H>6BD

K^V GdbV '.$X (-%+% KdaVcd IC iZaZ[dcd %)+)$)&&*,)

:É jcV XddeZgVi^kV Y^ Hda^YVg^Zi| HdX^VaZ X]Z d[[gZ hZgkô^ hdX^d"Vhh^hiZco^Va^! hVcîVg^ ZY ZYjXVi^k^ V XVgViiZgZ gZh^YZco^VaZ! hZb^gZh^YZco^VaZ Z Y^jgcd V eZghdcZ Xdc Y^hV\^d bZciVaZ# CVhXZ eZg deZgV Y^ jc \gjeed Y^ &% eZghdcZ! Y^ Xj^ + edgiVig^X^ Y^ Y^hVWâî|! egdkZc^ZciZ YVaaV 8dbjcî| Y^ 8VedYVgXd Y^ ;Zgbd 6E ! X]Z gêgdedcZ â bdYZaad Y^ kîV XdbjcîVg^V ^begdciViV hj^ kVadg^ YZaaV XdcY^k^h^dcZ# <Zhi^hXZ ^ hZ\jZci^ hZgkô^/ ÆEgd\Ziid IZhZdÇ! 8Zcigd Y^jgcd Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ XVgViiZgôoVid YV jc h^\c^ÒXVi^kd hjeedgid ZYjXVi^kd"gZaVo^dcVaZ XVgidcV\\^d"VhhZbWaV\\^d! egdYjo^dcZ egdYdii^ W^dad\^X^ 0 IVaZV! 8Zcigd dXXjeVo^dcVaZ eZg aÉ VXfj^hô^dcZ Y^ VWâî| aVkdgVi^kZ VhhZbWaV\\^d! hZg^\gVÒV Z XVgidcV\\^d 0 hZgkô^ gZh^YZco^Va^ jc \gjeed VeeVgiVbZcid egdiZiid0 jc XZcigd iZgVeZj" i^Xd gZh^YZco^VaZ0 VeeVgiVbZci^ hZbêgdiZii^ 0 8Zcigd Y^jgcd Y^ hdX^VaôoVo^dcZ Z ^ciZg" kZci^ ZYjXVi^k^ Ydb^Xâ^Vg^ Z HZiidgZ Hkâjeed Y^ 8dbjcî| Vii^kî| hedgi^kZ Z XjaijgVa^! Y^ bjijd"V^jid! \gjee^ Y^ hdhiZ\cd eZg [Vb^\a^Vg^ #

\gjeedT,-5Xdchda^YV#^i lll#\gjeed,-#dg\

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

HVci^cd 7d\a^dc^ B^gZaaV <g^ZXd

\gjeedT,-5Xdchda^YV#^i \g^ZXdb^gZaaV5]dibV^a#Xdb

;^c YVaaV cVhXîV <gjeed É,- ]V XZgXVid Y^ kVadgôoVgZ aÉZheZg^ZcoV YZ^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! gîZcZcYd [dcYVbZciVaZ aV adgd egZhZcoV VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZaaZ Vii^kî| egdedhiZ# :heZ" g^ZcoV k^hhjiV YV\a^ jiZci^ h^V XdbZ Vgg^XX]^bZcid YZaaV fjdi^Y^Vcî| X]Z YZaaV Y^bZch^d" cZ Y^ \gjeed! h^V eZg d[[g^gZ adgd ajd\]^ cZ^ fjVa^ gîgdkVgZ XdciZhi^ YdkZ gZXjeZgVgZ jcV egdeg^V Y^bZch^dcZ gZaVo^dcVaZ cdc hdad cZ^ gVeedgi^ Xdc \a^ ZYjXVidg^# AV XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Z aV hZch^Wâî| Y^ bdai^ \^dkVc^ ^c hZgkô^d X^kâZ ]V Xdcig^WjZcYd V gZVaôoVgZ aV b^hh^dc Y^ <gjeed,- ViigVkZghd aV egdbdo^dcZ jbVcV Z aÉ^cXajh^dcZ hdX^VaZ YZaaZ eZghdcZ eZg aV Xdhigjo^dcZ YZa WZcZ XdbjcZ# AÉ^ciZco^dcZ Y^ egdhZ\j^gZ ^c iVa hZchd! cZaaV XdchVeZ" kdaZooV X]Z aÉVXXdbeV\cVbZcid Y^ fjZhiZ eZghdcZ! gVeegZhZciV jcV gZhedchVWâî|! bV Xdhiîj^hXZ VcX]Z jc kVadgZ V\\^jcid eZg ^ hZgkô^ d[[Zgi^ YVaaV XddeZgVi^kV#

&'.

>A 7J86C:K:

8=> H>6BD

K^V H#6cYgZV , (-%-. Hidgd IC

>a 7jXVcZkZ jcV 8ddeZgVi^kV HdX^VaZ cViV cZa &.-, X]Z \Zhi^hXZ YjZ 8Zcig^ HdX^d :YjXVi^k^ eZg eZghdcZ Y^hVWâ^ V Hidgd Z AVg^Yd 7aZ\\^d HjeZg^dgZ ! jc 8Zcigd Y^jgcd ZY jcV 8dbjcî| GZh^YZco^VaZ eZg eZghdcZ Xdc Y^hV\^d eh^X]^Xd d X]Z k^kdcd ^c XdcYô^dc^ Y^ ZbVg\^cVo^dcZ V 7ZghdcZ# AV 8ddeZgVi^kV deZgV cZaaÉ^ciZgd iZggîdg^d YZaaZ KVaa^ <^jY^XVg^Z Z XdaaVWdgV Vii^kVbZciZ Xdc VaigZ dg\VcôoVo^dc^ YZa Eg^kVid HdX^VaZ deZgVci^ hja iZggîdg^d! ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ Xdc aZ 8ddeZgVi^kZ HdX^Va^ 6cXdgV Z AVkdg^ ^c 8dghd Z Xdc aÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ 8dbjcî| =VcY^XVe! Xdc aZ fjVa^ ]V YVid kîV Va 8dchdgo^d HdX^VaZ Æ>begZhV Hda^YVaZÇ#

iZaZ[dcd %)+* '.+--)

âTWjXVcZkZ5Xdchda^YV#î lll#aVcXdgV#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

BVg^V\gVo^V HXV\a^V \gVo^VhXV\a^V5a^WZgd#^i

&(%

7jXVcZkZ ^c eVhhVid ]V dheîVid cjbZgdh^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV bV VcX]Z YjZ \^dkVc^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ/ ijii^ adgd hdcd hiVi^ Xd^ckdai^ cZaaZ bdaiZea^X^ Vii^kî| g^kdaiZ V^ Y^hVWâ^ egZhhd ^ 8Zcig^ HdX^d :YjXVi^k^# AV 8ddeZgVi^kV VYZg^hXZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ eZg YjZ gV\^dc^/ ^c eg^bd ajd\d eZg YVgZ aV edhh^Wâî| VcX]Z V^ \^dkVc^ X]Z k^kdcd ^c eZg^[Zg^V Y^ heZg^bZciVgZ aV Y^bZch^dcZ YZaaÉ^beZ\cd X^kâZ0 ^c hZXdcYd ajd\d eZg Veg^gZ hZbegZ Y^ e^ aV 8ddeZgVi^kV VaaV hjV Xdbjcî|! Vkk^X^cVcYd eZghdcZ \^dkVc^ Z bdi^kViZ X]Z edhhVcd gVeegZhZciVgZ jc ^bedgiVciZ VcZaad Y^ Xdc\^jco^dcZ Xdc â iZggîdg^d# AZ cjbZgdhZ Vii^kî| ZY ^cô^Vi^kZ gZVaôoViZ! VcX]Z ^c XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc aZ dg\VcôoVo^dc^ ^cY^XViZ! cdc hZbegZ hdcd g^XdcdhX^jiZ YVaaV Xdbjcî| Y^ VeeVgiZcZcoV/ heZhhd g^bVc\dcd eVig^bdc^d hdad YZ^ YZhi^cViVg^ Y^gZii^ YZ^ hZgkô^ \Zhiî^ YVaaV 8ddeZgVi^kV hZcoV g^jhX^gZ VY ZhhZgZ eZgXZeîZ Z kVadgôoViZ YVaaV Xdbjcî| Y^ g^[Zg^bZcid h^V cZaaZ hjZ Vgi^XdaVo^dc^ ^hiîjo^dcVa^ X]Z hdX^Va^# EZg fjZhid bdi^kd ^ciZco^dcZ YZaaV 8ddeZgVi^kV Y^ ^ckZhi^gZ bV\\^dg^ g^hdghZ cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ Z YZaaV egdbdo^dcZ YZaaZ egdeg^Z ^cô^Vi^kZ! Xd^ckda\ZcYd Vii^kVbZciZ ^c fjZhiV Vii^kî| ^ kdadciVg^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid ÆIjii^ [jdg^Ç HiZ[Vc^V 6aZhh^ Z BZgn E^XX^cZaa^#

>A EDCI:

8=> H>6BD

K^V 9dbZc^Xd JY^cZ! *, (-%+- GdkZgZid IC iZaZ[dcd %)+) )(-*.* [Vm/ %)+) )')&,&

AV 8ddeZgVi^kV cViV cZa &.-*! eZg kdadci| YZaaÉVbb^c^higVo^dcZ ejWWa^XV Z YZaaV XîiVY^cVcoV! XZgXV Y^ d[[g^gZ XdcXgZiV g^hedhiV V^ W^hd\c^ YZ^ hd\\Zii^ YZWda^ YZaaV Xdbjcî| Y^ GdkZgZid# AÉdW^Zii^kd eg^bVg^d aV XgZVo^dcZ Y^ ÆEdci^Ç kZghd edhh^Wâ^ cjdk^ dgôodci^/ Xdbjcî| hda^YVa^ Z ^ciZ\gViZ YdkZ ijii^ edhhVcd V\^gZ gZVabZciZ Y^gîi^ Z YdkZg^# >a ÆEdciZÇ h^ [dcYV hj VaXjc^ ZaZbZci^ ZhhZco^Va^/ aV Y^hedhô^dcZ V Xdhigj^gZ aÉ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ Z aV hda^YVg^Zi|! aV fjVaî| Y^ kîV YZaaV eZghdcV Z YZaaV hjV [Vb^\a^V Z aÉVXXd\a^ZcoV! ^ciZhV XdbZ jc VbW^ZciZ gZaVo^dcVaZ ^c \gVYd Y^ \ZcZgVgZ cZaaÉ^cY^k^Yjd jcÉ ^bbZY^ViV hZchVo^dcZ Y^ g^XdcdhX^bZcid Z XdbegZch^dcZ! AV 8ddeZgVi^kV hdX^VaZ â EdciZ jcd heVo^d YÉ^cXdcigd ^c Xj^ h^ gîgdkVcd eZghdcZ Y^kZg" hVbZciZ VWâ^! ZYjXVidg^! [Vb^\a^Vg^ Z kdadciVg^ eZg XdcY^k^YZgZ ZY V[[gdciVgZ egdWaZb^ Z W^hd\c^ XdbeaZhh^# AV Xdhigjo^dcZ Y^ fjZhid heVo^d h^ [dcYV hjaaV edhh^Wâî| Y^ \ZcZgVgZ egdXZhh^ Y^ Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ! [gV aV Y^bZch^dcZ deZgVi^kV YZa hZgkô^d d[[Zgid Z aZ ^hiVcoZ YZ^ hd\\Zii^ edgiVidg^ Y^ Y^hVWâî|! YZaaZ adgd [Vb^\a^Z Z YZaaV Xdbjcî|# >c XdcXgZid aV 8ddeZgVi^kV \Zhi^hXZ igZ XZcig^ Y^jgc^#

^c[d5âedciZgdkZgZid#î lll#âedciZgdkZgZid#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

;âêed H^bZdc^ Òaêed#h^bZdc^5 âedciZgdkZgZid#î

&(&

>HI>IJID 6CIDC>D GDHB>C> " IG:CID

8=> H>6BD

K^V BVa[Vii^! ' (-&'' IgZcid

iZaZ[dcd %)+& .&))%% [Vm %)+&$.&)).-

AÉ>hiîjid 6cidc^d Gdhb^c^ Y^ IgZcid ]V jcV ajc\V igVYô^dcZ cZa XVbed ZYjXVi^kd Z YZaaÉ^chZ\cVbZcid0 cVid cZa &-,% XdbZ >hiîjid bV\^higVaZ# AÉ>hiîjid! YVa &..-! ]V eVgiZXêV Va Æegd\Ziid Vjidcdb^VÇ! heZg^bZciVo^dcZ YZaaÉVjidcdb^V dg\VcôoVi^kV Z Y^" YVii^XV Vkk^ViV YVa B^c^hiZgd! 9^gZo^dcZ 8aVhh^XV! Xdc '' hXjdaZ îVa^VcZ hXZaiZ igV fjZaaZ Y^ Xdchda^YViV igVYô^dcZ cZaaV g^XZgXV Y^YVii^XV# AÉ>hiîjid d[[gZ igZ ^cY^gôo^ a^XZVa^/ A^XZd HdX^d"Eh^Xd"EVYV\d\^Xd0 A^XZd A^c\j^hi^Xd0 A^XZd YZaaZ HX^ZcoZ HdX^Va^# 8^VhXjcd ]V jcV hjV heZX^ÒXî| Y^hXêa^cVgZ! X]Z h^ VkkVaZ Y^ jcV Y^YVii^XV ^ccdkVi^kV Z YZaaÉ^cigdYjo^dcZ Y^ bViZg^Z deo^dcVa^ X]Z XdchZcidcd aV eZghdcVaôoVo^dcZ YZa eZgXdghd Y^ hijY^# D[[gZ ^bedgiVci^ egd\Zii^ [dgbVi^k^# Eg^dgîVg^d [gV ijii^ â ÆEgd\Ziid 6XXd\a^ZcoVÇ ^c [jc" o^dcZ dg^ZciVi^kV Z g^"dg^ZciVi^kV Xdc eVgi^XdaVgZ ViiZco^dcZ VaaV bdi^kVo^dcZ ViigVkZghd eZgXdgh^ Y^ hijY^d \j^YVi^ cZ^ eg^b^ bZh^ Y^ hXjdaV# EgdbjdkZ ^cô^Vi^kZ Y^ hijY^d"aVkdgd Xdc ZheZg^ZcoZ Z gZaVo^dc^ Xdc â iZggîdg^d ViigVkZghd hiV\Z ^c >iVa^V Z VaaÉZhiZgd cZaaÉVbWîd YZa hdX^VaZ! YZaaÉZYjXVo^dcZ! YZaaV XjaijgV#

^hi^ijid5gdhb^c^#ic#^i lll#gdhb^c^#Zj

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

EVdaV EVhfjVa^c eVdaV#[ZaeV5k^g\^a^d#^i

&('

8É jc W^cdb^d k^cXZciZ X]Z aZ\V â hZgkô^d X^kâZ VaaÉZheZg^ZcoV hXdaVhi^XV/ ZcigVbWZ kd\a^dcd gZcYZgZ egdiV\dc^hi^ ^ \^dkVc^ YZaaZ egdeg^Z ZheZg^ZcoZ# >a A^XZd Gdhb^c^ kjdaZ egdbjdkZgZ aV gZaVo^dcZ igV eVg^ eZg Xdcig^Wj^gZ Z[ÒXVXZbZciZ VaaV [dgbVo^dcZ Y^ Xî" iVY^c^ Vii^k^ Z gZhedchVWâ^# AZ Y^bZch^dc^ ZYjXVi^kV Z XjaijgVaZ hVgVccd \a^ VbWî^ Y^ Xd^ckda\^bZcid YZ^ \^dkVc^ ^c hZgkô^d X^kâZ eZg ZhhZgZ egdiV\dc^hiV Y^ jc eZgXdghd Y^ XgZhXîV! g^kdaid V ijii^! cZa g^heZiid YZaaV heZX^ÒXî| Y^ X^VhXjcd# >a aVWdgVidg^d BdciZhhdg^ X]Z VXXd\a^Z hijYZci^ Z hijYZciZhhZ ^c Y^[ÒXdai|! aV W^Wa^diZXV X]Z dg\VcôoV \gjee^ Y^ hijY^d Z Y^ VXXdbeV\cVbZcid Vaad hijY^d! ^ hZgkô^ ^c[dgbVi^k^ g^kdai^ Va ejWWa^Xd! hdcd hdad VaXjcZ YZaaZ Vii^kî| dg\VcôoViZ X]Z edigZWWZgd Xd^ckda\ZgZ X]^ ]V kd\a^V Y^ bZi" iZgh^ ^c \^dXd ViigVkZghd â hZgkô^d X^kâZ#

>HI>IJID 8DBEG:CH>KD IG:CID *

8=> H>6BD

E^VooV GV[[VZaad HVco^d! * (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& '((-.+ [Vm/ %)+& '(&.('

AÉ^hiîjid XdbegZch^kd Y^ hXjdaV eg^bVg^V Z hZXdcYVg^V IgZcid * XdbegZcYZ ( eaZhh^ Y^ hXjdaV eg^bVg^V hXjdaZ G#HVco^d! ;#8g^he^ Z 6# <dg[Zg ! ' eaZhh^ Y^ hXjdaV hZXdcYVg^V Y^ eg^bd \gVYd hXjdaZ <# 7gZhVYdaV Z 7dcedgi^! aV hXjdaV ^c dheZYVaZ Z â XZcigd Y^ ZYjXVo^dcZ eZg VYjai^# AZ ÒcVaî| Y^YVii^Xd"ZYjXVi^kZ h^ Zhea^XVcd ^c jcV eajgVaî| Y^ ^ciZgkZci^ X]Z g^X]^ZYdcd eVgi^XdaVgZ ViiZco^dcZ eZg ^ hd\\Zii^ Xdc W^hd\c^ ZYjXVi^k^ heZX^Va^ ]VcY^XVe Z Y^hV\^d ! Z eZg \a^ higVc^Zg^ cdc hXdaVgôoVi^ d Xdc ^chj[ÒX^ZciZ XdbeZiZcoV a^c\j^hi^XV# Hdcd hiVi^ Vii^kVi^ aVWdgVidg^ eZg aV Y^YVii^XV ^cXajh^kV eZg Vajcc^ ^c hîjVo^dcZ Y^ Y^hV\^d Z aVWdgVidg^ Y^ g^c[dgod a^c\j^hi^Xd eZg Vajcc^ Y^ gZXZciZ ^bb^\gVo^dcZ# CZa eaZhhd Y^ hXjdaV eg^bVg^V ÆG#HVco^dÇ ^c Viid jcV heZg^bZciVo^dcZ YZaaÉ^chZ\cVbZcid kZ^XdaVgZ YZaaV a^c\jV higVc^ZgV X]Z Xd^ckda\Z '*- Vajcc^! Xdc aÉ^be^Z\d Y^ ^chZ\cVci^ bVYgZa^c\jV d Wâ^c\j^ X]Z deZgVcd hj ijiiZ aZ XaVhh^ YZa eaZhhd Xdc aZo^dc^ ^c a^c\jV ^c\aZhZ eZg jc b^c^bd Y^ , dgZ VY jc bVhh^bd Y^ '% dgZ hZii^bVcVa^ eZg XaVhhZ#

hZ\g#^X#ic*5hXjdaZ#egdk^cX^V#î lll#^hiîjidigZcid*#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

<^dkVccV 7g^da^ 6gb^YV ;g^hVcXd

\^dkVccVWgda^5a^WZgd#î! Vgb^YV#[g^hVcXd5k^kdhXjdaV#î! kîVaZ#\VWg^ZaaV5i^hXVa^#î! hâk^V#Wj[[V5k^kdhXjdaV#î

AÉVYZh^dcZ Va egd\Ziid Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ bdi^kViV YVaaV egd\ZiijVaî| ^ccdkVi^kV X]Z XdccdiV aÉ>hiîjid cZaaÉVbWîd YZ^ 7^hd\c^ :YjXVi^k^ HeZX^Va^! YZaaÉ^chZ\cVbZcid YZaaZ a^c\jZ higVc^ZgZ Z YZaaÉVXXd\a^ZcoV YZ\a^ Vajcc^ higVc^Zg^ X]Z cZXZhhîV Y^ jc hZbegZ bV\\^dg cjbZgd Y^ g^hdghZ# <a^ ^ciZgkZci^ V [VkdgZ YZ^ cjbZgdh^ Vajcc^ ^c hîjVo^dcZ Y^ Y^hV\^d g^X]^ZYdcd aV XdbeVgiZXêVo^dcZ Y^ bdai^ deZgVidg^ Z aV higjiijgVo^dcZ Y^ eZgXdgh^ Y^YVii^Xd"ZYjXVi^k^ eZghdcVaôoVi^ X]Z egZkZYdcd aVkdg^ ^c e^XXdad \gjeed! Vii^kî| aVWdgVidg^Va^ Z jiâôod Y^ higjbZci^ XdbeZchVi^k^ eZg [VXâîVgZ ^ egdXZhh^ Y^ VeegZcY^bZcid h^V Y^ iêd ^c[dgbVi^Xd X]Z igVYô^dcVaZ# > aVWdgVidg^ Y^YVii^X^ Xdc aÉjiâôod Y^ hd[ilVgZ heZX^ÒX^ eZg Vajcc^ Xdc Y^hijgW^ heZX^ÒX^ Y^ VeegZcY^bZcid cZXZhhîVcd YZaaV \j^YV XdhiVciZ Y^ eZghdcVaZ Xdc egZeVgVo^dcZ VYZ\jViV# > aVWdgVidg^ Y^ eg^bV Va[VWZiôoVo^dcZ Y^ g^c[dgod a^c\j^hi^Xd eZg Vajcc^ higVc^Zg^ hdcd ^cY^heZchVWâ^ eZg eZgbZiiZgZ jcV gZVaZ ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ YZ^ WVbW^c^ Z YZ^ gV\Voo^# AÉ^ciZgkZcid YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ej gZcYZgZ edhh^WâZ ^c ijii^ ^ eaZhh^ aÉVii^kVo^dcZ Y^ aVWdgVidg^ eZg \a^ Vajcc^ ^c hîjVo^dcZ Y^ Y^hV\^d! eZg \a^ hijYZci^ Xdc Y^hijgW^ heZX^ÒX^ Y^ VeegZcY^bZcid! eZg \a^ Vajcc^ higVc^Zg^! eZg aZ Vii^kî| hXdaVhi^X]Z cZaaZ XaVhh^ XdbeaZhhZ! eZg ^ \gjee^ Y^ a^kZaad Z eZg aZ Vii^kî| deo^dcVa^ X]Z g^X]^ZYdcd aV XdbegZhZcoV Y^ e^ deZgVidg^#

&((

>I:G

8=> H>6BD

K^V Ajc\d AZcd 9Zhigd! ', (-%+- GDK:G:ID IC iZaZ[dcd %)+) )(++++ [Vm %)+) )-,')'

îZg5XddeZgVi^kV"îZg#î lll#XddeZgVi^kV"îZg#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

&()

AV 8ddeZgVi^kV >I:G cVhXZ cZa &.-&# >cô^VabZciZ aÉVii^kî| h^ hkda\ZkV egZhhd aÉ>#E#>#6# Y^ GdkZgZid Y^ Æ8dgh^ HXjdaVÇ! Xdc ad hXded Y^ Vhh^XjgVgZ jcÉVYZ\jViV [dgbVo^dcZ hXdaVhi^XV eZg Xdadgd X]Z hVgZWWZgd ed^ Y^kZciVi^ ^ eg^b^ dheî^ YZaaV 8ddeZgVi^kV# >cdaigZ! hdcd hiVi^ ^cY^k^YjVi^ Z YZÒcî^ fjZaa^ X]Z hVgZWWZgd hiVi^ ^ eg^cXêVa^ ^c[dgbVidg^ Y^ jcV gZVai| VYViiV V hkda\ZgZ jcV Vo^dcZ Y^gZiiV Va gZXjeZgd XdbeaZhh^kd Y^ eZghdcZ ^c Y^[ÒXdai|# 6aXjcZ a^cZZ \j^YV X]Z XVgViiZgôoVcd aV 8ddeZgVi^kV g^\jVgYVcd/ w â Y^gîid Y^ d\c^ XîiVY^cd îVa^Vcd Y^ VkZgZ aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ hkâjeeVgZ aV egdeg^V Y^\cî|! eZghdcVaî| ZY ^higjo^dcZ0 w aÉdeedgijcî| Y^ edgh^ igV aV hXjdaV Z â bdcYd YZa aVkdgd! XdbZ eZg^dYd [dgbVi^kd ^ciZgbZY^d0 w aV cZXZhhî| Y^ ^ciZ\gVgZ aÉVii^kî| aVkdgVi^kV Xdc ^ciZgkZci^ YZaad Eh^Xdad\d! YZa Ad\deZY^hiV Z YZ\a^ >chZ\cVci^ Y^ :YjXVo^dcZ Bdidg^V Z 6c^bVo^dcZ 8jaijgVaZ0 w aÉdeedgijcî| Y^ ^chiVjgVgZ igV \a^ JiZci^! \a^ 6bb^c^higVidg^! \a^ DeZgVidg^ Z ^ 8daaVWdgVidg^ jcd higZiid gVeedgid iVaZ YV diiZcZgZ â Xdci^cjd hkâjeed YZaaZ hZch^Wâî|! YZaaZ ViiîjY^c^! YZaaZ egd[Zhh^dcVaî|! â ijiid eZg YZÒc^gZ Z XdchZ\j^gZ ^ch^ZbZ \a^ dW^Zii^k^0 w Xd^ckda\^bZcid Xdc â iZhhjid hdX^VaZ! ViigVkZghd aÉZhegZhh^dcZ YZa KdadciVg^Vid#

@6A:>9DH8DE>D

8=> H>6BD

K^V Ydc 9VaaVÒdg! '$V$W (-%*% EDKD IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& -&+%(+

@VaZ^YdhXde^d jcÉ^begZhV hdX^VaZ cViV VaaV ÒcZ YZa &..+# DeZgV eZg ÆeZghZ\j^gZ aÉ^ciZgZhhZ \ZcZgVaZ YZaaV Xdbjcî| VaaV egdbdo^dcZ jbVcV ZY VaaV ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ YZ^ XîiVY^c^Ç ViiZcZcYdh^ V^ eg^cXê^ Y^ eVgiZXêVo^dcZ! YZbdXgVi^Xî|! gZhedchVWâî| Z egdeg^Zi| Y^[[jhV ViigVkZghd aV egd\ZiiVo^dcZ Z aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ hZgkô^ VaaZ eZghdcZ Z VaaZ Xdbjcî|# @VaZ^YdhXde^d ej ZhhZgZ YZÒcîV Viê^XV! eZgX] cdc heZX^VaôoViV ^c jcÉjc^XV iêdad\^V Y^ jiZcoV# Egd\ZiiV ZY Zgd\V hZgkô^ eZg b^cdg^! \^dkVc^! VYjai^ Z Vco^Vc^! VcX]Z VeeVgiZcZci^ VY VaigZ XjaijgZ ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ fjZaaV h^ciV ! h^V ^c XdcYô^dc^ Y^ hkVciV\\^d d g^YdiiV Vjidcdb^V X]Z cdc! ^c Y^kZgh^ iZggîdg^ YZaaV egdk^cX^V KVaaZ YZaaÉ6Y^\Z! KVaaZ Y^ Cdc! 6aiV KVahjV\VcV! KVaaV\Vg^cV Z 6aid <VgYV # AV bdaiZea^Xî| Y^ jiZci^ Z aV Y^kZgh^ÒXVo^dcZ YZ^ hZgkô^ XZcig^ VeZgi^! XZcig^ Y^jgc^! hZgkô^ gZh^YZco^Va^! hZgkô^ ZYjXVi^k^ Z Vc^bVi^k^! hZgkô^ Y^ dg^ZciVbZcid! [dgbVo^dcZ Z ^chZg^bZcid aVkdgVi^kd! hZgkô^d Y^ VXXdbeV\cVbZcid hj igVhedgi^! hZgkô^ Y^ ^\^ZcZ Z XjgV! hZgkô^ Y^ bZY^Vo^dcZ eZg ^cfjâ^c^! hZgkô^ Ydb^Xâ^Vg^! hZgkô^ hXdaVhi^X^ ZY ZmigVhXdaVhi^X^! hZgkô^ XdchjaZco^Va^ hdcd XVgViiZg^hi^X]Z egdeg^Z Y^ @VaZ^YdhXde^d#

`VaZ^YdhXde^d5Xdchda^YV#^i lll#`VaZ^YdhXde^d#Xdde

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

;gVcXZhXV 7^VcX]Zii^ [W^VcX]Zii^5Xdchda^YV#^i

@VaZ^YdhXde^d \^| YV Vcc^ hZYZ eZg \^dkVc^ X]Z ^ciZcYdcd hkda\ZgZ jcÉZheZg^ZcoV eZghdcVaZ [dgbVi^kV h^V ^c fjVaî| Y^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV eg^bV Z Y^ \^dkVc^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ed^! XdbZ ejgZ Y^ i^gdX^cVci^! hiV\^hi^ Z cjbZgdh^ kdadciVg^# AV Xdck^co^dcZ ! ^c[Vii^! X]Z aV 8ddeZgVi^kV hdX^VaZ h^V ajd\d XdZgZciZ Xdc \a^ dW^Zii^k^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! hXZaiV Y^ ^beZ\cd V [VkdgZ Y^ Vaig^ Z XdciZhijVabZciZ deedgijcî| Y^ ZheZg^ZcoV Z XgZhXîV eZghdcVaZ daigZ X]Z egd[Zhh^dcVaZ# D\c^ Vccd @VaZ^YdhXde^d egd\ZiiV Z \Zhi^hXZ cjbZgdh^ hZgkô^ Z ^cô^Vi^kZ! VaXjcZ Y^ ^beViid Z YjgViV XdciZcjiZ cZa iZbed! bZcigZ VaigZ Y^ edgiViV bdaid e^ Vbe^V# >c fjZhid bdk^bZcid Xdci^cjd h^ ^cY^k^YjVcd hZbegZ egd\Zii^ Z heVo^ X]Z edhhdcd Xdhiîj^gZ jcV egZo^dhV dXXVh^dcZ Y^ ^beZ\cd X^kâZ Z hdX^VaZ eZg bdai^ \^dkVc^/ egd\Zii^ aZ\Vi^ V YZ^ h^c\da^ hZgkô^ XZcig^ Y^jgc^! XZcig^ VeZgi^! Vii^kî| ZmigVhXdaVhi^X]Z Z Xdh k^V bV VcX]Z igVhkZghVa^ Z Y^ ^ciZgZhhZ fj^cY^ eZg aÉ^ciZgV dg\VcôoVo^dcZ XdbZ VY ZhZbe^d aV gZcY^XdciVo^dcZ hdX^VaZ! aV Xdhigjo^dcZ Z aV \Zhi^dcZ YZaaZ XVgiZ YZ^ hZgkô^! d Vaigd # CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Ç6kk^X^c^VbdX^Ç 8VgaV 6g\Zco^Vcd! 8]^VgV 8Vaa^Vg^! >gZcZ 9Va 8dabd Z 6g^VccV EZcodaVid#

&(*

AÉ6C8DG6

8=> H>6BD

K^V GdbV! . (-%,. I^dcZ Y^ IgZcid IC

AÉ6cXdgV 8ddeZgVi^kV Y^ Hda^YVg^Zi| HdX^VaZ! XZcigd Y^ dg^ZciVbZcid Z Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ YZaaZ cjdkZ \ZcZgVo^dc^ hdgiV cZa &..'# AV 8ddeZgVi^kV h^ ^ciZgZhhV VaaV kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZa bdcYd \^dkVcâZ Z YZaaZ g^heZii^kZ [Vb^\a^Z! Xdc eVgi^XdaVgZ ViiZco^dcZ V^ gZh^YZci^ cZa 8dbegZchdg^d YZaaZ <^jY^XVg^Z# DeZgV V I^dcZ! E^codad! EdciZ 6gX]Z Z Xdc aV gZXZciZ VeZgijgV hjaaÉVaide^Vcd YZaaV EV\VcZaaV Z VY 6cYVad# AV 8ddeZgVi^kV dg\VcôoViV ^c VgZZ! X]Z \Zhi^hXdcd hZgkô^ Y^kZgh^ V [VkdgZ Y^ W^hd\c^ ZhegZhh^ YV kVg^ edgiVidg^ Y^ ^ciZgZhhZ/ ^ aVWdgVidg^ ZYjXVi^k^ Y^YVii^X^! aÉVgZV Vc^bVo^dcZ! aÉVgZV [dgbVo^dcZ Z aVkdgd! aÉVgZV hXjdaV Z aÉVgZV [Vb^\a^V! ^c Xdghd Y^ higjiijgVo^dcZ#

iZaZ[dcd %)+* ('),',

^c[d5aVcXdgV#^i lll#aVcXdgV#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

BVg^Vcd ;Vâdc^ bVg^Vcd#[Vâdc^5aVcXdgV#î

&(+

AV 8ddeZgVi^kV AÉ6cXdgV kVciV ZheZg^ZcoV Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ YVa &..* Xdc aV egZhZcoV YZ\a^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV# 9Va '%%- ^hXgîiV VaaÉVaWd YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ CVo^dcVaZ Z gZVaôoV egd\Zii^ ^c VbWîd XjaijgVaZ eZg â Xd^ckda\^bZcid Y^ \^dkVc^# >c eVgi^XdaVgZ h^ egdedcZ Y^ gZVaôoVgZ jc e^Vcd Y^ Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ ^ciZ\gViV igV aV egdeg^V dg\VcôoVo^dcZ Z â bdcYd \^dkVcâZ# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Æ:I###iZaZ[dcd XVhV/ Xdbjc^XVgZ Xdc â iZggîdg^dÇ BVg^V 6gbVc^ Z KVhhân 7gdco^c^#

A6 G:I:

)(

8=> H>6BD

K^V IVgVbZaa^! - (-&'' IgZcid IC

AV GZiZ cVhXZ cZa &.-- VY deZgV Y^ jc \gjeed Y^ deZgVidg^ Z \Zcîdg^ ^beZ\cVi^ cZa bdcYd YZa aVkdgd hdX^VaZ# :É jcV 8ddeZgVi^kV hdX^VaZ X]Z d[[gZ hZgkô^ Y^kZgh^ÒXVi^ Y^ hdhiZ\cd VaaZ eZghdcZ Y^hVWâ^ Z VaaZ [Vb^\a^Z Z egdbjdkZ Vo^dc^ Y^ hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ Z Xd^ckda\^bZcid YZaaV Xdbjcî|! Vaad hXded Y^ b^\a^dgVgZ â WZcZhhZgZ Z aV fjVaî| YZaaV kîV YZa cjXaZd [Vbâ^VgZ# AV 8ddeZgVi^kV ^ciZcYZ gZVaôoVgZ YjZ dW^Zii^k^ eg^cXêVa^/ x hdhiZ\cd Z VjbZcid YZaaV [dgoV YZa cjXaZd YZaaV eZghdcV Y^hVWâZ x Vii^kî| Y^ ^c[dgbVo^dcZ! hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ Z Xd^ckda\^bZcid YZaaV Xdbjcî|

iZaZ[dcd %)+& .-,'+.

bV^a5XddeaVgZiZ#dg\ lll#XddeaVgZiZ#dg\

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

6aWZgid OVcYdcVi^ VaWZgid5XddeaVgZiZ#dg\

AV 8ddeZgVi^kV HdX^VaZ AV GZiZ ]V ^cY^k^YjVid VaXjc^ eg^cXê^ bZidYdad\^X^ YZa aVkdgd Xdc aV Xdbjcî|/ Vii^kVo^dcZ XdbjcîVg^V ZY ZbedlZgbZci XdbjcîVg^d# H^ XgZYZ [ZgbVbZciZ X]Z cZaaV Xdbjcî| k^ h^Vcd bdaiZ eZghdcZ X]Z hVccd hkâjeeVgZ gZaVo^dc^ Y^ V^jid Z Y^ Vb^Xô^V Xdc \a^ Vaig^! Z ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ Xdc aZ eZghdcZ Y^hVWâ^ Z Xdc aZ adgd [Vb^\a^Z# Ý cZXZhhVg^d eZg bdWâîVgZ Z Vii^kVgZ fjZhiZ g^hdghZ ediZco^Va^ ViigVkZghd jcÉVo^dcZ Y^ ^c[dgbVo^dcZ [dgc^gZ YVi^! ^ciZ\gVcYd aZ XdcdhXZcoZ \^| egZhZci^ ! Y^ hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ hi^bdaVgZ jc XVbW^VbZcid Y^ ViiZ\\^VbZcid! ^cX^YZcYd VcX]Z hj jcV eVgiZ Zbdi^kV! V[[Zii^kV YZaaZ eZghdcZ! cdc e^ hdad Xd\cî^kV Z Y^ XdggZhedchVWâôoVo^dcZ [dgcZcYd dXXVh^dc^ Y^ Vii^kVo^dcZ! \j^YV Z dg^ZciVbZcid V jc ^ciZgkZcid Xdhigjii^kd # > \^dkVc^ X]Z hXZa\dcd â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ gVeegZhZciVcd fj^cY^ aV egZo^dhV g^hdghV hedciV" cZV! ^bbZY^ViV! cdgbVaôoVciZ! ^c[dgbVaZ X]Z igVhbZiiZ VaaZ [Vb^\a^Z â hZchd Y^ jcV hda^YVg^Zi| VaaVg\ViV! Y^ VXXZiiVo^dcZ Z Y^ VeeVgiZcZcoV VY jcV gZiZ Y^ gVeedgi^ XVeVX^ Y^ k^X^cVcoV Z hdhiZ\cd# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Æ> ijd^ eVhh^ kZghd aÉVaigdÇ :aZdcdgV 6gbVc^ Z Hâk^V ;dgcVh^c^#

&(,

A6 GJDI6

))

8=> H>6BD

K^V 7gZccZgd &+*$&' (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& -')+((

AV hdX^Zi| XddeZgVi^kV hdX^VaZ ÆAV GjdiVÇ! XdhiîjîVh^ aZ\VabZciZ V IgZcid cZa &.-. Z deZgVi^kV YVa [ZWWgV^d &..%! cVhXZ eZg ^cô^Vi^kV Y^ jc \gjeed Y^ \^dkVc^! igV Xj^ VaXjc^ edgiVidg^ Y^ ]VcY^XVe# 8dchVeZkda^ YZaaV cZXZhhî| Y^ jc hZgkô^d Y^ igVhedgid eZg eZghdcZ Y^hVWâ^ Z Vc^bVi^ YVaaV kdadci| Y^ deZgVgZ XdcXgZiVbZciZ cZa YZa^XVid hZiidgZ YZaaV hda^YVg^Zi| hdX^VaZ! ^ egdbdidg^ YZaaV XddeZgVi^kV ]Vccd ^ciZhd! Xdc aV adgd ^cô^Vi^kV! hVaYVgZ aV egd[Zhh^dcZ Xdc aÉ^beZ\cd hdX^VaZ! gZVaôoVcYd jc ^ciZgZhhVciZ ^cXdcigd [gV ejWWa^Xd Z eg^kVid# ;^cVco^ViV ^c dg^\^cZ YVaaÉ6hhZhhdgVid Egdk^cX^VaZ VaaV HVcî| XdbZ egd\Ziid heZg^bZciVaZ eZg â igVhedgid ZY VXXdbeV\cVbZcid Y^hVWâ^! aV XddeZgVi^kV! Xdchda^YVid ^c edX]^ Vcc^ fjZhid gVeedgid! ]V ^cô^Vid V Y^kZgh^ÒXVgZ \a^ ^ciZgadXjidg^ ^hiîjo^dcVa^ d[[gZcYd ^ egdeg^ hZgkô^ V^ XdbegZchdg^! V^ Xdbjc^! VaaZ XVhZ Y^ gêdhd! V^ XZcig^ Y^jgc^! V^ XZcig^ Y^Va^h^# 6iijVabZciZ daigZ +%% eZghdcZ heVghZ hj ijiid â iZggîdg^d egdk^cX^VaZ jiâôoVcd hZgkô^ Zgd\Vi^ YV e^ Y^ X^cfjVciV deZgVidg^ Xdc (' VjidbZoo^ YZaaV 8ddeZgVi^kV#

aVgjdiV5aVgjdiV#Xdde lll#aVgjdiV#Xdde

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

G^XXVgYd EZYgdc^ g^XXVgYd5aVgjdiV#Xdde

&(-

AV 8ddeZgVi^kV A6 GJDI6 ]V \^| bVijgVid VaXjcZ ZheZg^ZcoZ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Xdc jcV fj^cY^X^cV Y^ \^dkVc^/ VaaV ÒcZ YZaaÉjai^bd egd\Ziid! igZ YZ^ hZ^ \^dkVc^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ]Vccd X]^Zhid Y^ egdhZ\j^gZ â aVkdgd Z hdcd hiVi^ Vhhjci^# 9jZ hdcd \a^ dW^Zii^k^ eg^bVg^ YZ^ egd\Zii^/ x â eg^bd h^ g^kda\Z Va kdadciVg^d YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ eZg d[[g^g\a^ aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ jcV XgZhXîV jbVcV X]Z hXVijg^hXZ YVa Xdci^cjd bZiiZgZ ^c \^dXd aZ egdeg^Z XVeVXî| Y^ gZaVo^dcZ Xdc eZghdcZ X]Z k^kdcd jcV gZVai| Y^kZghV ZY ZbVg\^cViV# x >a hZXdcYd h^ g^kda\Z VaaÉjiZciZ YZ^ cdhig^ hZgkô^ eZg bZ\a^d \VgVci^gZ jcV bdWâî| Z[[Zii^kV! ^c ijii^ ^ bdbZci^ YZaaV hjV kîV#

A6 H;:G6

8=> H>6BD

K^V Ajc\É6Y^\Z H# C^Xda ! &' (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& .-()--

AV H[ZgV jcV 8ddeZgVi^kV hdX^VaZ Vii^kV YVa &..* cZa hZiidgZ YZaaÉ^cXajh^dcZ hdX^VaZ Z aVkdgVi^kV Y^ hd\\Zii^ hkVciV\\^Vi^ ^c igZ Y^hi^ci^ hZiidg^ deZgVi^k^/ gZVaôoVo^dcZ Z bVcjiZco^dcZ Y^ VgZZ kZgY^ ejWWa^X]Z Z eg^kViZ0 hZgkô^ Y^ ejaô^V egZhhd eg^kVi^ ZY :ci^ ejWWa^X^0 hZgkô^ Y^ ejaô^V Z XjhidY^V ^c eVaZhigZ ZY ^be^Vci^ hedgi^k^# DeZgV eg^cXêVabZciZ cZa iZggîdg^d YZa 8dbjcZ Y^ IgZcid! bV hkda\Z aZ egdeg^Z Vii^kî| Y^ hZgkô^d VcX]Z cZ^ Xdbjc^ a^bîgdÒ Y^ EZg\^cZ KVahj\VcV! GdkZgZid! AVk^h Z cZaaÉVgZV YZaaV E^VcV GdiVa^VcV# 6aaV YViV YZa (& bVgod YZa XdggZciZ Vccd g^hjaiVkVcd dXXjeVi^ +' aVkdgVidg^ " '& eZghdcZ hkVciV\\^ViZ! VhhjciZ ^c Xdc[dgbî| V fjVcid egZk^hid YVaaÉ6o^dcZ . YZa E^Vcd YZ\a^ >ciZgkZci^ Y^ Edaî^XV YZa AVkdgd YZaaV Egdk^cX^V 6jidcdbV Y^ IgZcid! XddgY^cViV YVaaÉ6\Zco^V YZa AVkdgd0 - aVkdgVidg^ hkVciV\\^Vi^! ^chZgî^ V^ hZch^ YZaaV A# (-&$.&0 & GZhedchVWâZ hdX^VaZ Z && XVedhfjVYgV"ijidg YZaaÉ^chZg^bZcid aVkdgVi^kd0 '& aVkdgVidg^ dgY^cVg^! Xdc jc [ViijgVid Vccjd XdbeaZhh^kd cZaaÉdgY^cZ Y^ X^gXV &#%%%#%%% Zjgd#

aVTh[ZgV5Xdchda^YV#^i lll#aVh[ZgV"XddeZgVi^kVhdX^VaZ# ^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

9^Z\d ;gZd Y^Z\d#aVh[ZgV5Xdchda^YV#^i

AV 8ddeZgVi^kV ]V Vkjid aÉdeedgijcî| Y^ dheîVgZ eZg &' bZh^ jc gV\Vood ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ cZa '%%,# <gVo^Z VaaV hjV egZhZcoV! aV 8ddeZgVi^kV ]V edijid YZY^XVgZ eVgi^XdaVgZ ViiZco^dcZ VaaÉVheZiid hdX^VaZ Z XjaijgVaZ YZ^ egdeg^ jiZci^! dg\VcôoVcYd bdbZci^ Y^ hdX^VaôoVo^dcZ! Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ Z Y^ hkV\d V XdcXajh^dcZ YZaaV \^dgcViV aVkdgVi^kV! bdbZcid fjZhid [dghZ e^ V g^hX]^d Y^ g^XVYjiZ Z Y^ ZhXajh^dcZ YVaaZ gZi^ Y^ gZaVo^dcZ XdbjcîVg^Z# >a \^dkVcZ ]V ^chiVjgVid gVeedgi^ Y^ XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc VaXjcZ VhhdX^Vo^dc^ hedgi^kZ! g^XgZVi^kZ Z XjaijgVa^ egZhZci^ hja iZggîdg^d! cZa iZciVi^kd Y^ Xdhigj^gZ h^\c^ÒXVi^k^ gVeedgi^ jbVc^ XVgViiZgôoVi^ YV gZaVo^dc^ Y^ Vb^Xô^V Z Y^ hda^YVg^Zi|# K^hiV aV edhî^kV ZheZg^ZcoV! h^ ^ciZcYZ gêgdedgaV VcX]Z eZg aZ egdhh^bZ VccjVaî|! Xdc ^ XdggZii^k^ Z ^ b^\a^dgVbZci^ X]Z hVgVccd XdcY^k^h^ Xdc X]^ hXZ\a^Zg| Y^ hkda\ZgZ fjZhiV ZheZg^ZcoV Y^ XgZhXîV eZghdcVaZ Z Y^ ^beZ\cd X^kâZ egZhhd aV H[ZgV# CZa '%%. ]V VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Æ>a 7âVcX^d hdX^VaZ XdbZ higjbZcid Y^ XgZhXîV YZaaV XddeZgVi^kV Z Y^ XdcY^k^h^dcZ Xdc aV Xdbjcî| iZggîdg^VaZÇ Hâk^V <^gVgY^ Z ;gVcXZhXV Bda^cVg^#

&(.

B6<> >CI:GC6I>DC6A 6HHD8>6I>DC D; B:9>86A <:C:I>8H

8=> H>6BD

K^V YZaaZ <gVo^Z ( (-%+- GdkZgZid IC

B6<> dcajh h^ dXXjeV Y^ bVaVii^Z \ZcZi^X]Z gVgZ Z [dgc^hXZ hZgkô^ Y^ XdchjaZcoV \ZcZi^XV! Y^V\cdhi^XV Z Vhh^hiZcoV# Jcd YZ\a^ dW^Zii^k^ eg^cXêVa^ YZaaÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ fjZaad Y^ Y^kZciVgZ jc ejcid Y^ g^[Zg^bZcid eZg ^ eVo^Zci^ V[[Zii^ YV bVaVii^Z \ZcZi^X]Z# 8^ h^ egdedcZ Y^ b^\a^dgVgZ ^ hZgkô^ d[[Zgi^ XZgXVcYd ^ccVcoîjiid Y^ [dgc^gZ jcÉ^c[dgbVo^dcZ ejcijVaZ Z jc hZgkô^d Y^ Vhh^hiZcoV Z Y^V\cdhi^XV Z[ÒX^ZciZ Z egd[Zhh^dcVaZ# AÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ Y^hedcZ Y^ jc aVWdgVidg^d X]Z ZhZ\jZ VcVa^h^ Y^ W^dad\^V bdaZXdaVgZ cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaV Y^V\cdh^ Z YZaaÉ^cfjVYgVbZcid bdaZXdaVgZ YZaaZ bVaVii^Z# 6iijVabZciZ! aÉVii^kî| YZa aVWdgVidg^d h^ dXXjeV ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ Y^ bVaVii^Z ZgZYîVg^Z YZaaV gZi^cV# DaigZ VaaV Y^V\cdh^! jcV eVgiZ YZaaÉVii^kî| YZY^XViV VaaV g^XZgXV Z Vaad hijY^d eZg ^beaZbZciVgZ ^ egdidXdaa^ Y^V\cdhi^X^ Z XdchZ\jZciZbZciZ Vbea^VgZ â kZciV\a^d Y^ ZhVb^ Y^hedc^Wâ^ ZY ZhhZgZ higjbZcid Y^ ^c[dgbVo^dcZ eZg aV XdaaZii^kî|

iZaZ[dcd %)+) ++',,& [Vm %)+) )'*+()

^c[d5VhhdbV\^#dg\ lll#VhhdbV\^#dg\

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

HiZ[Vcd 8ZXX]^c^ ZkZci^5VhhdbV\^#dg\

&)%

AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ ]V VYZgîd Va h^hiZbV YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ cZa '%%.# :hhZcYd B6<> gZaVi^kVbZciZ \^dkVcZ! hiVid cZXZhhVg^d jc eZg^dYd Y^ Vkk^VbZcid Z Xdchda^YVbZcid YZaaZ Vii^kî|# 6 eVgi^gZ YV fjZhid Vccd edhh^WâZ bZiiZgZ V Y^hedhô^dcZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ Z[[ZiijVgZ aÉZheZg^ZcoV Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ egZhhd aÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ# > \^dkVc^ X]Z kdggVccd egZhiVgZ â hZgkô^d hVgVccd V[ÒVcXVi^ YV eZghdcZ XdbeZiZci^ ^c \gVYd Y^ ^cigdYjga^ cZaaV gZVai| YZaaZ bVaVii^Z \ZcZi^X]Z Z cZaaZ egdWaZbVi^X]Z hdX^Va^ X]Z fjZhid iZbV XdbedgiV#

DAIG:

8=> H>6BD

K^V AViZbVg &$6 (-%(% 8VhiZaad Bda^cV Y^ ;^ZbbZ IC

DaigZ jcV 8ddeZgVi^kV hdX^VaZ! cViV hja iZggîdg^d Y^ ;^ZbbZ Z ;VhhV cZa '%%(# AV 8ddeZgVi^kV ]V ^cô^Vid aV egdeg^V Vii^kî| \ZhiZcYd BVhd Id[[V! jc XZcigd YZhi^cVid VY VYjai^ ^c XdcYô^dcZ Y^ Y^hV\^d eh^X]^Xd Z Y^ bVg\^cVaî| Xdc W^hd\c^ Y^ VXXd\a^ZcoV iZbedgVcZV Z Y^ hdhiZ\cd eZg â adgd gZ^chZg^bZcid h^V hdX^VaZ X]Z aVkdgVi^kd# BV \^| Xdc â egdeg^d cdbZ ÆDaigZÇ ^ hdX^ igVXX^Vgdcd â [jijgd YZaaV 8ddeZgVi^kV! dkkZgd! VcYVgZ daigZ h^\c^ÒXV dXXjeVgh^ cdc e^ hdad Y^ Y^hV\^d eh^X]^Xd# AV 8ddeZgVi^kV ]V fj^cY^ Vkk^Vid cZ\a^ Vcc^ cjdk^ egd\Zii^ eZg g^hedcYZgZ V^ W^hd\c^ YZaaV Xdbjcî| adXVaZ ejciVcYd hjaaV kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZaaZ g^hdghZ YZa iZggîdg^d! ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ â kdadciVg^Vid Z XgZVcYd XdccZhh^dc^ XjaijgVabZciZ kîVa^ XdbZ fjZaaZ Xdc â bdcYd YZaaV hXjdaV#

iZaZ[dcd %)+' '(*'.- XddedaigZ5k^g\^a^d#^i lll#daigZ#Xdde

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

AVjgV 7dcdb^

9Va '%%- DaigZ ^hXgîiV VaaÉ6aWd egdk^cX^VaZ YZ\a^ Zci^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Z ]V egZhZciVid egd\Zii^ eZg aV eg^bV kdaiV# AV 8ddeZgVi^kV gî^ZcZ ^bedgiVciZ d[[g^gZ V^ \^dkVc^ aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ heZg^bZciVgZ ZheZg^ZcoZ X]Z edhhVcd [Vga^ XgZhXZgZ! daigZ X]Z jbVcVbZciZ! VcX]Z YVa ejcid Y^ k^hiV YZaaV egd[Zhh^dcVaî| Z YZaaZ XdbeZiZcoZ0 ZheZg^ZcoZ ^c Xj^ edhhVcd bZiiZgh^ ^c \^dXd! Xdc â adgd Zcijh^Vhbd Z Xdc aV adgd XgZVi^kî|! ZheadgVcYd Z \jVgYVcYd Xdc dXX]^ cjdk^ jc bdcYd! fjZaad YZa Y^hV\^d Z YZaaÉZbVg\^cVo^dcZ! heZhhd ^ck^h^WâZ Z hdbbZghd# CZa '%%. ]V VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid ÆEVhhd Yded eVhhd ^c k^V\\^d kZghd \a^ Vaig^Ç ;ZYZg^XV 8VeZaa^#

XddedaigZ5k^g\^a^d#^i

&)&

DE:G6 JC>K:GH>I6G>6 " IG:CID

8=> H>6BD

K^V OVcZaaV! &$6 (-&'' IgZcid

AÉDeZgV Jc^kZghîVg^V Y^ IgZcid! Vii^kV YVa &.+-! jc ZciZ [jco^dcVaZ YZaaV Egdk^cX^V 6jidcdbV Y^ IgZcid YVa &..& ZY Zgd\V hZgkô^ Va ÒcZ Y^ [Vkdg^gZ â Y^gîid Vaad hijY^d Z aV gZh^YZco^Vaî|# 9Va &... aÉ:ciZ! bZY^VciZ XdckZco^dcZ Xdc aÉJc^kZghî| Y^ IgZcid! ]V Vii^kVid jc egd\gVbbV YÉ^ciZgkZci^ eZg [Vkdg^gZ aÉ^chZg^bZcid YZ\a^ hijYZci^ Y^hVWâ^ cZaaV kîV jc^kZghîVg^V! ^c Veea^XVo^dcZ YZaaV aZ\\Z &%)$.'# HjXXZhh^kVbZciZ! ^c diiZbeZgVcoV VaaV aZ\\Z &,$..! aÉDeZgV Jc^kZghîVg^V ]V ^ciZ\gVid â hZgkô^d YÉVXXdbeV\cVbZcid Xdc jaiZg^dg^ egZhiVo^dc^! h^V eZg aÉVXXZhhd VaaV Y^YVii^XV ViigVkZghd aÉ^be^Z\d Y^ bZoo^ iZXcdad\^X^ VYZ\jVi^! h^V eZg aÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ ad\^hi^XV Xdc aÉVYdo^dcZ Y^ higjbZciVo^dcZ Ydbdi^XV#

iZaZ[dcd %)+& '&,)&&

^c[d5deZgVjc^#ic#^i lll#deZgVjc^#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

<^Vcc^ BdgZaa^ \bdgZaa^5deZgVjc^#ic#^i

&)'

Bdi^kVo^dcZ eg^cXêVaZ YZaaÉVYZh^dcZ YZaaÉ:ciZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ aV kdadci| Y^ XgZVgZ jc Xa^bV [VkdgZkdaZ ^c Xj^ \a^ hijYZci^ Y^hVWâ^ edhhVcd igdkVgZ â hdhiZ\cd VYZ\jVid eZg eVgiZXêVgZ Vii^kVbZciZ VaaÉZheZg^ZcoV jc^kZghîVg^V! hjeZgVcYd! Xdc aÉVeedgid YZ^ kdadciVg^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! ZkZcijVa^ WVgg^ZgZ h^V VgX]îZiidc^X]Z X]Z XjaijgVa^! eZg VXfj^h^gZ e^ZcVbZciZ â ÆY^gîid Y^ XîiVY^cVcoVÇ# >c iVaZ VbWîd! Va \^dkVcZ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ h^ g^X]^ZYZ Y^ Vhh^hiZgZ \a^ hijYZci^ Y^hVWâ^ cZ^ igVh[Zg^bZci^ VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZaaZ higjiijgZ YZaaÉViZcZd Z YjgVciZ ^ eVhi^ egZhhd ^ g^hidgVci^ jc^kZghîVg^! Y^ [dgc^gZ hjeedgid VaaZ Vii^kî| Y^ hijY^d Z Y^ [Vkdg^gZ Vii^kî| ZmigVY^YVii^X]Z eZg ^ciZ\gVgZ Xdbe^jiVbZciZ aÉZheZg^ZcoV jc^kZghîVg^V# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid ÆAÉ^chZg^bZcid YZ\a^ hijYZci^ Y^hVWâ^ cZaaV kîV jc^" kZghîVg^VÇ =Zbân ;dc\Vgdaa^! <^VXdbd BVgX]^dgZaad Z AjVcV BViiZ^#

DG6IDG>D " B:OOD8DGDC6 ).

8=> H>6BD

K^V H# <# 7dhXd! &% (-%&+ BZoodXdgdcV IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& +%&(-+ XZaajaVgZ ((* ,)-,&.*

^c[d5dgVidg^dY^bZooVXdgdcV#^i lll#dgVidg^dY^bZoodXdgdcV#^i

AÉDgVidg^d Y^ BZoodXdgdcV jcÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ Y^ egdbdo^dcZ hdX^VaZ VhhdX^ViV VaaV CD> 6hhdX^Vo^dcZ :ciZ CVo^dcVaZ Xdc ÒcVaî| Vhh^hiZco^Va^ g^XdcdhX^jiZ YVa B^c^hiZgd YZaaÉ>ciZgcd Z Va gZ\^higd egdk^cX^VaZ YZaaZ 6hhdX^Vo^dc^ Y^ Egdbdo^dcZ HdX^VaZ# AÉViijVaZ 6hhdX^Vo^dcZ! [dcYViV cZa '%%*! YZg^kV YV jcV g^higjiijgVo^dcZ hdX^ZiVg^V YZaaV egZXZYZciZ VhhdX^Vo^dcZ deZgVciZ YVa &.-+# AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ cdc ]V Òc^ Y^ ajXgd Z eZghZ\jZ ÒcVaî| Y^ hda^YVg^Zi| X^kâZ! XjaijgVaZ Z hdX^VaZ# >c eVgi^XdaVgZ! [Vkdg^hXZ aV XgZhXîV Z aV [dgbVo^dcZ YZaaZ eZghdcZ! egdbjdkZcYd ^ kVadg^ jbVc^ Z Xg^hi^Vc^0 Y| ^bejahd Va Y^Vad\d Z VaaV XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc aZ [Vb^\a^Z! Xdc aZ gZVai| ZXXaZh^Va^! Xdc aZ VaigZ VhhdX^Vo^dc^ adXVa^! Xdc aZ ^hiîjo^dc^ X^kâ^0 gZVaôoV ZheZg^ZcoZ Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ Z Y^ hZgkô^d hdX^VaZ0 dg\VcôoV ZkZci^ XjaijgVa^! hedgi^k^! Vgi^hi^X^ Z bjh^XVa^0 edcZ ViiZco^dcZ VaaZ ^hiVcoZ YZaaZ [VhXZ hdX^Va^ e^ YZWda^ XjgVcYd ^cô^Vi^kZ Z Vii^kVcYd higjiijgZ ^YdcZZ VaaV egZkZco^dcZ Z Va hjeZgVbZcid YZaaZ hîjVo^dc^ Y^ Y^hV\^d# 9^hedcZ Y^ jcV hVaV eda^[jco^dcVaZ Xdc VccZhhV XjX^cV! jc iZVigd! jcV hVaV \^dX]^! cjbZgdhZ hVaZiiZ eZg ^cXdcig^ Z Vii^kî| kVg^Z! XVbe^ ZhiZgc^ Y^ eVaaVkdad! XVaX^d Z eVaaVXVcZhigd! jhj[gj^Wâ^ VcX]Z eZg VaigZ Vii^kî| VaaÉVeZgid#

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

<^dkVcc^ <]ZooZg \]ZooZg\^dkVcc^5i^c#^i

AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ VYZg^hXZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ eZgX] gî^ZcZ Zh^hiV h^cidc^V igV aZ egdeg^Z ÒcVaî| Z fjZaaZ YZaaÉ>hiîjid# AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ gZejiV X]Z aV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ Y^ \^dkVc^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ cZaaV XdcYjo^dcZ Y^ heZX^ÒX^ egd\Zii^ cZa hZiidgZ YZaaÉZYjXVo^dcZ! ^c Vii^kî| g^XgZVi^kZ! XjaijgVa^! hedgi^kZ Z Y^ V\\gZ\Vo^dcZ hdX^VaZ! Xdhiîj^hXV jcV \gVcYZ deedgijcî| eZg aÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ Z eZg ^ \^dkVc^ hiZhh^# AV hXdbbZhhV fjZaaV Y^ bVciZcZgZ k^k^ Z! hZ edhh^WâZ! gV[[dgoVgZ ^ aZ\Vb^ Z aZ gZaVo^dc^ VaaÉ^ciZgcd Y^ jcV Xdbjcî| fjVaZ fjZaaV YZaaÉDgVidg^d Y^ BZoodXdgdcV! egdbjdkZcYd aV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ Z â Xd^ckda\^bZcid Y^ X^VhXjcd! XdbegZhZ aZ XViZ\dg^Z e^ YZWda^ Z hkVciV\\^ViZ! ^c Vii^kî| g^XgZVi^kZ! XjaijgVa^ Z hdX^Va^# AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ kjdaZ Veg^gh^ ZY d[[g^gZ aV edhh^Wâî| V \^dkVc^! bdi^kVi^ Z kdaZciZgdh^! Y^ eVgiZXêVgZ Vii^kVbZciZ Z gZhedchVWâbZciZ VaaZ Vii^kî| egd\ZiijVa^ kVadgôoVcYd aZ adgd XVeVXî|! aZ adgd Ydi^ eZghdcVa^! aZ XdbeZiZcoZ Z aZ XdcdhXZcoZ VXfj^hîZ#

&)(

EJCID 9É6EEGD9D

8=> H>6BD

k^V KVaWjhV <gVcYZ! )- (-%+- GdkZgZid IC iZaZ[dcd %)+) )''%).

ejcidYVeegdYd5k^g\â^d#î hZ\gZiZg^V#VeegdYd5k^g\â^d#î lll#ejcidYVeegdYd#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

<^jhZeeZ E^VbVgiV

&))

ejcidYVeegdYd5k^g\â^d#î hZ\gZiZg^V#VeegdYd5k^g\â^d#î

AV 8ddeZgVi^kV deZgV ^he^gVcYdh^ V^ eg^cXê^ Y^ hda^YVg^Zi| Z bjijVaî|! eZghZ\jZcYd aÉ^ciZgZhhZ \ZcZgVaZ YZaaV Xdbjcî| VaaV egdbdo^dcZ jbVcV Z VaaÉ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ hdX^VaZ YZaaV YdccV! Xdc eVgi^XdaVgZ g^[Zg^bZcid V^ hd\\Zii^ hdX^VabZciZ hkVciV\\^Vi^# Ejcid YÉ6eegdYd cVhXZ XdbZ VhhdX^Vo^dcZ cZa &.-+! \gVo^Z VaaÉ^beZ\cd Y^ jc \gjeed Y^ kdadciVg^ Z Y^ YjZ gZa^\^dhZ â Xj^ ^ciZcid ZgV fjZaad Y^ YVgZ VYZ\jViZ g^hedhiZ V hîjVo^dc^ Y^ Y^hV\^d [Zbb^câZ# CZa &..) aÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ h^ igVh[dgbV ^c 8ddeZgVi^kV HdX^VaZ# 9Zhi^cViVg^Z YZaaÉ^ciZgkZcid hdcd YdccZ Xdc egdWaZb^ [Vbâ^Vg^! Xdc Y^[ÒXdai| cZaaV gZaVo^dcZ d Xdc a^bîViZ g^hdghZ eZghdcVa^ d eVgZciVa^# 9dccZ bV\\^dgZcc^! VaXjcZ hdaZ! VaigZ Xdc Ò\a^! îVa^VcZ Z higVc^ZgZ# AV 8ddeZgVi^kV deZgV YV Vcc^ Xdc â HZgkô^d HdX^VaZ d heZX^Va^hi^Xd gZVaôoVcYd heZX^ÒX^ egd\Zii^# CZa aj\a^d '%%' 6eegdYd ]V VeZgid jcV cjdkV higjiijgV! 8VhV ;^dgYVa^hd! heZX^ÒXVbZciZ eZchViV ZY VY^WîV VaaÉVXXd\a^ZcoV Y^ \ZhiVci^ Z Y^ bVYg^ X]Z g^hedcYZ h^V VaaÉVXXd\a^ZcoV hjaaÉjg\ZcoV! h^V V hZ\jîd YZaaV higjiijgVo^dcZ Y^ jc egd\Ziid ZYjXVi^kd heZX^ÒXd# CZa Xdghd YZa '%%( aV 8ddeZgVi^kV ]V Vkk^Vid jc Vaigd hZgkô^d gZh^YZco^VaZ X]Z egZkZYZ jc ÆeZgXdghd hdX^VaZÇ V [VkdgZ Y^ YdccZ kîi^bZ Y^ igViiV V hXded Y^ h[gjiiVbZcid#

AÉZheZg^ZcoV Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ VaiZgcVi^kd Va bâîVgZ! [ViiV cZ\a^ Vcc^! ]V \^| Y^bdhigVid X]Z aÉ^chZg^bZcid Y^ Ò\jgZ Y^ hjeedgid V\a^ ZYjXVidg^ cZaaV fjdi^Y^Vcî| jcV \gVcYZ g^XX]ZooV# > hZgkô^ Y^ VXXd\a^ZcoV \Zhiî^ YVaaV 8ddeZgVi^kV h^ VkkVa\dcd YZaaÉdeZgV Y^ fjêZ Y^ deZgVidg^ egd[Zhh^dcVabZciZ egZeVgVi^ XddgY^cVi^ YV Ò\jgZ heZX^ÒX]Z Xdc eajg^ZccVaZ ZheZg^ZcoV# AZ bdaiZea^X^ Vii^kî| Z hdegViijiid aV cZXZhhî| Y^ XgZVgZ! VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZaaZ higjiijgZ! aZ\Vb^ Z gZaVo^dc^ h^\c^ÒXVi^kZ d[[gdcd aV edhh^Wâî| V^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Y^ ZcigVgZ cZa fjdi^Y^Vcd edgiVcYd jc Xdcig^Wjid Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ Z k^kVXî|# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid ÆHZ b^ kjd^ X^ hdcdÇ 6ccVa^hV 7dbbVgi^c^! Hdc^V <^Vg^! 6cYgZV HiZ[Vcd <gVo^daV! 8]^VgV HdbV! BVg^V 8]^VgV OVcdc#

H69

8=> H>6BD

K^V 7dcZaa^ ' (-&'' IgZcid IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& '(.*.+

^c[d5XddeZgVi^kVhVY#^i lll#XddeZgVi^kVhVY#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

EVigô^V BVaigVii^ eVigô^V#bVaigVii^5XddeZgVi^kV" hVY#î

AV H69! HdX^Zi| 8ddeZgVi^kV HdX^VaZ! cVhXZ cZa &..% \gVo^Z VaaÉ^bejahd Y^ jc e^XXdad \gjeed Y^ kdadciVg^ YZX^h^ V igVh[dgbVgZ â egdeg^d ^beZ\cd hdX^VaZ ^c jc hZgkô^d egd[Zhh^dcVaZ! ^c bdYd YV ediZg g^hedcYZgZ ^c bVc^ZgV V[ÒYVWâZ Z Xdci^cjVi^kV V^ cjdk^ W^hd\c^ Y^ cVijgV hdX^d"Vhh^hiZco^VaZ# 9V VaadgV aV 8ddeZgVi^kV ]V Xdchda^YVid aV hjV ^YZciî| Viidgcd Va bdYZaad YZaaÉ^begZhV hdX^VaZ# D\\^ hÉ^beZ\cV V eZghZ\j^gZ â hjd hXded hdX^VaZ gZVaôoVcYd hZgkô^ Y^kZgh^ÒXVi^! \gVo^Z VY jcV higjiijgV dg\VcôoVi^kV X]Z XdciZbeZgV fjVaî| Z hdhiZc^Wâî|# > YZhi^cViVg^ YZ^ hZgkô^ Zgd\Vi^ YVaaV 8ddeZgVi^kV hdcd egZkVaZciZbZciZ eZghdcZ Vco^VcZ Vjidhj[ÒX^Zci^ Z cdc Vjidhj[ÒX^Zci^ Z eZghdcZ [gV\â^ Xdc Y^hV\^d eh^X]^Xd! Òh^Xd d ZcigVbW^# EZg fjVcid g^\jVgYV ^ hZgkô^ d[[Zgi^! aV H69# ^beZ\cViV eg^cXêVabZciZ cZa hZgkô^d Y^ Vhh^hiZcoV Ydb^Xâ^VgZ VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZa fjVaZ h^ hkâjeeVcd Vaig^ YjZ hZgkô^ XdaaViZgVa^/ aV Y^hig^Wjo^dcZ YZ^ eVhi^ V Ydb^Xâ^d Z â hZgkô^d Y^ Vhh^hiZcoV Ydb^Xâ^VgZ hZgVaZ# IVa^ hZgkô^ kZc\dcd Zgd\Vi^ hja iZggîdg^d YZa 8dbjcZ Y^ IgZcid! cZaaÉVbWîd Y^ egdeg^V XdbeZiZcoV Z hja 8dbegZchdg^d KVaaZ YZaaÉ6Y^\Z Xdc aÉZhXajh^dcZ YZa hZgkô^d hZgVaZ# >cdaigZ! \Zhi^hXZ â 8Zcigd Y^jgcd HZbegZkZgYZ Y^ BViiVgZaad Z â 8Zcigd hZgkô^ Y^ Gj[[g cZaaÉ6aiV KVaaZ Y^ Cdc#

AV 8ddeZgVi^kV ^c eVhhVid ]V WZcZÒX^Vid YZaaV egZhZcoV YZ\a^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV Z Yded aV g^[dgbV YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ]V Xdci^cjVid VY VkkVaZgh^ Y^ iVaZ edhh^Wâî| VXXgZYîVcYdh^ VaaÉVaWd Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Xdc â Xdchdgo^d 8dcHda^YV# CZa '%%- aV 8ddeZgVi^kV h^ VXXgZYîViV VjidcdbVbZciZ Z d[[gZ aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ ediZg egZhiVgZ â egdeg^d hZgkô^d VcX]Z Va XZcigd hZgkô^ Y^ Gj[[g cZaaÉ6aiV KVaaZ Y^ Cdc! ^ckZhiZcYd hj egd\Zii^ X]Z VXXgZhXVcd aV egd[Zhh^dcVaî| YZ^ \^dkVc^ Z kVadgôo^cd aÉ^cY^k^YjVaî| Y^ ijii^ \a^ Viidg^ Xd^ckdai^# > \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ VkgVccd aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ ZheadgVgZ â bdcYd YZ\a^ Vco^Vc^! dheî^ cZa XZcigd Y^jgcd Z XZcigd hZgkô^! dXXjeVcYdh^ YZaaZ Y^kZghZ Vii^kî| Y^gZiiVbZciZ V XdciViid Xdc aÉjiZcoV# AÉZheZg^ZcoV [Vg| VXfj^h^gZ adgd jc b^m Y^ XdbeZiZcoZ h^V iZXc^X]Z h^V hdX^Va^ X]Z ^c VbWîd hdX^d"Vhh^hiZco^VaZ# AZ egdedhiZ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ gVeegZhZciZgVccd jcÉdXXVh^dcZ [dgbVi^kV b^gViV VaaÉVXfj^hô^dcZ YZaaV XdchVeZkdaZooV YZa egdeg^d gjdad Y^ XîiVY^c^ Vii^k^! gZhedchVWâ^ Z hda^YVa^ Xdc aV Xdbjcî|# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Æ6cX]É^d cZa XZgX]^d/ 8ZgX]^VbdX^Ç AVjgV AVgX]Zg Z IVc^V HZee^0 Va egd\Ziid Æ<jVgY^VbdX^ YZcigdÇ >aZc^V 7VaYZhhVg^ Z BVgi^cV HeV\cda^#

&)*

H> B>CDG:

8=> H>6BD

K^V ;#aa^ EZg^c^! ++ (-&'' IgZcid

iZaZ[dcd %)+& .''%**

AÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ H> B^cdgZ deZgV! YVa &..)! V [VkdgZ Y^ \^dkVc^ ^c Y^[ÒXdai|# <gVo^Z VaaÉZheZg^ZcoV bVijgViV ÆH> B^cdgZÇ ]V VXfj^hîd heZX^ÒX]Z XdbeZiZcoZ cZaaÉVgZV higVc^Zg^ ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ Y^ b^cdg^ cdc VXXdbeV\cVi^ ejg g^bVcZcYd VeZgiV V ijii^ hZcoV Y^hi^co^dcZ Y^ \ZcZgZ d cVo^dcVaî|# AÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ YdiViV Y^ higjiijgZ Y^ iêd [Vbâ^VgZ Xdc \gjee^ VeeVgiVbZcid hZ\jî^ ') dgZ hj ') YV Ò\jgZ ZYjXVi^kZ heZX^VaôoViZ# D[[gZ VcX]Z jc hZgkô^d ZYjXVi^kd Ydb^Xâ^VgZ b^gVid Va hdhiZ\cd YZ^ b^cdg^ ^c d\c^ [VhZ YZaaV kîV hXdaVhi^XV! egd[Zhh^dcVaZ Z hdX^VaZ Z$d Va ediZco^VbZcid YZaaZ XdbeZiZcoZ \Zcîdg^Va^# >cÒcZ! edcZ \gVcYZ ViiZco^dcZ hj^ egdXZhh^ hdX^Va^ aZ\Vi^ V^ [ZcdbZc^ b^\gVidg^ ZY ^beZ\cViV cZaaV egdbdo^dcZ YZaaV XdcdhXZcoV ^ciZgXjaijgVaZ# CZa '%%- ]V VeZgid V IgZcid â XZcigd VeZgid Æ<:8Ç/ jcd heVo^d a^WZgd Z \gVijîd! \Zhiîd YV YjZ ZYjXVidg^ Z VeZgid igZ edbZg^\\^ V hZii^bVcV! ^c Xj^ kZc\dcd egdedhiZ Vii^kî| ajY^Xd g^XgZVi^kZ igV aZ fjVa^ ZYjXVo^dcZ ZhegZhh^kV! ZYjXVo^dcZ Va Y^Vad\d$Xdc[gdcid! bZY^Vo^dcZ ^ciZgXjaijgVaZ Z Xdc hedgiZaad Y^ VhXdaid eZg \^dkVc^! XZcigd Y^YVii^Xd aVWdgVidg^ Y^ XgZVi^kî| bVcjVaZ! \îZ! idgcZ^ hedgi^k^! ZXX# >a <:8 VXXd\a^Z fjdi^Y^VcVbZciZ X^gXV (% b^cdg^ Y^k^h^ ^c \gjee^ hj Y^kZghZ Vii^kî|#

egd\Zii^5h^b^cdgZ#^i lll#h^b^cdgZ#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

B^X]ZaZ 7Zoo^ egd\Zii^5h^b^cdgZ#^i

&)+

6XXgZYîViV VaaÉ6aWd Egdk^cX^VaZ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ YVa '%%- ^ciZcYZ egZhZciVgZ egd\Zii^ d[[gZcYd V^ \^dkVc^ ^ciZgZhhVi^ jcÉdeedgijcî| Y^ XgZhXîV cZaaZ bdaiZea^X^ Vii^kî| egdedhiZ YVaaÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ# w jcÉdXXVh^dc^ eZg Xdcig^Wj^gZ Va b^\a^dgVbZcid YZa hZgkô^d d[[Zgid! cdcX] eZg edgiVgZ cjdk^ Xdcig^Wji^ Z XgZVi^kî| h^V V^ gV\Voo^ VXXdai^ h^V V Xdadgd X]Z fjdi^Y^VcVbZciZ deZgVcd Va hjd ^ciZgcd# 6aXjcZ YZaaZ Vii^kî| gZVaôoViZ Òcd VY d\\^ hdcd/ eZgXdghd ^c[dgbVi^kd hjaaV aZ\^haVo^dcZ ^c bViZg^V Y^ ^bb^\gVo^dcZ! eVgiZXêVo^dcZ VaaÉ^cô^Vi^kV ÆOZgd 8aêÇ Xdcigd aÉVWjhd Y^ VaXda igV ^ \^dkVc^! XgZVo^dcZ YZaaV bdhigV [did\gVÒXV Æ6aWVc^V">iVa^V/ iZggZ k^hhjiZ! iZggZ gVXXdciViZÇ! eVgiZXêVo^dcZ V iVkda^ Y^ aVkdgd iZggîdg^Va^ Z Xdghd ^ciZgcd Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ eZgbVcZciZ YZ\a^ ZYjXVidg^ ^c hZgkô^d# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid ÆBZhXdaVcoZÇ 6Yg^VcV 7Zgi^ Z 6aVc GVkVcZaa^#

HEDGI67>A> *(

8=> H>6BD

K^V YZa AV\dgV^! &&( (-%(, EgZYVood IC iZaZ[dcd %)+' *%&... XZaa ((* -%'&)*.

Hedgi67>A>! jcÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ hZcoV hXded Y^ ajXgd Z Xdc Òc^ YÉjiâî| hdX^VaZ Dcajh ! V EgZYVood ^c KVaaZ Y^ ;^ZbbZ# AÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ deZgV cZaaV Xdck^co^dcZ X]Z aV eZghdcV Y^hVWâZ h^V jcV g^hdghV hjaaV fjVaZ aV XdaaZii^kî| YZkZ ^ckZhi^gZ! [VXâîVcYd jc hjd e^Zcd gZXjeZgd h^V hja e^Vcd egd[Zhh^dcVaZ! h^V hj fjZaad gZaVo^dcVaZ Z YZa iZbed a^WZgd# Hedgi67>A> h^ egdedcZ XdbZ edciZ eZg jc^gZ â bdcYd YZaaZ eZghdcZ Y^hVWâ^ Xdc fjZaad YZaaZ eZghdcZ ÆVWâ^Ç! edgiVcYd fjZhi^ YjZ \gjee^ V XdciViid aÉjcd Xdc aÉVaigd egdeg^d YdkZ â Y^kVg^d bV\\^dgZ/ cZa bdcYd YZaad hedgi Z YZa ijg^hbd# Hedgi67>A> dg\VcôoV/ x YjgVciZ aV hiV\^dcZ ^ckZgcVaZ Xdgh^ Y^ hX^! h^V Y^hXZhV X]Z [dcYd! egd\ZiiVi^ ZY VYViiVi^ VaaZ heZX^ÒX]Z Y^hVWâî|0 x YjgVciZ â eZg^dYd Zhi^kd Vii^kî| g^XgZVi^kZ fjVa^ ZfjîVo^dcZ! iZcc^h ^c XVggdoo^cV! gdXX^V! i^gd Xdc aÉVgXd! cjdid! \îZ ^c W^X^XaZiiV! \îZ cVijgVa^hi^X]Z! gV[i^c\ Z ]nYgdheZZY#

^c[d5hedgiVW^a^#dg\ lll#hedgiVW^a^#dg\

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

Hedgi6Wâ^ d[[gZ V^ gV\Voo^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ aÉdeedgijcî| Y^ [VgZ jcÉZheZg^ZcoV Y^ XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ hdX^VaZ ^c jc VbWîd XdbeagZhhd! V^jiVcYd aZ eZghdcZ Y^hVWâ^ V g^VXfj^hiVgZ aV \^d^V Y^ [VgZ hedgi# >cdaigZ! jcÉdXXVh^dcZ eZg VeegZcYZgZ XdbeZiZcoZ iZXc^X]Z cZaaV egVi^XV YZ^ Y^kZgh^ hedgi Z eZg VXfj^h^gZ ^bedgiVci^ XVeVXî| egd[Zhh^dcVa^ [VXâbZciZ heZcY^Wâ^ cZa bdcYd YZa aVkdgd# AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ Vii^kV eZg ^ kdadciVg^ jcd heZX^ÒXd eZgXdghd Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ XdcYdiid YV ^higjiidg^ fjVa^ÒXVi^ Z ^ gZaVi^k^ g^XdcdhX^bZci^ eZg aZ heZX^ÒX]Z XdbeZiZcoZ Z egd[Zhh^dcVaî|# AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ ]V \^| egdedhid cZ\a^ Vcc^ hXdgh^ igZ egd\Zii^#

AVjgV 9^Zbb^ ^c[d5hedgiVW^a^#dg\

&),

JC>DC: >I6A>6C6 9:> 8>:8=> : 9:<A> >EDK:9:CI>

8=> H>6BD

8dghd IgZ CdkZbWgZ!&(' (-&'' IgZcid

iZaZ[dcd %)+& .&*..% [Vm %)+& .&*(%+

Ijiid cVXfjZ e^ Y^ diiVciÉVcc^ [V! hjWîd Yded aV <gVcYZ <jZggV! Xdc jcÉ>iVa^V hXdckdaiV YV^ Y^hdgY^c^ hdX^Va^ Z aZ e^VooZ X]Z g^Wdaa^kVcd Y^ gZYjX^! gZh^ \gVcY^ ^ckVa^Y^ YVa iZgg^WâZ eg^bd XdcÓîid bdcY^VaZ YZaaV hidg^V# Jc igZci^cd [dcY aÉJc^dcZ >iVa^VcV YZ^ 8^ZX]^# FjZa igZci^cd ZgV 6jgZa^d C^XdadY^! Xdck^cid YZaaV cZXZhhî| Y^ XVbW^VgZ aV hidg^V# 9V fjZ^ \^dgc^ Y^ higVYV cZ hiViV [ViiV iVciV# > X^ZX]^ hdcd VeegdYVi^ VaaÉ^higjo^dcZ! h^ hdcd heZX^VaôoVi^ cZa bVhhV\\^d! cZaaV bjh^XV! ZXX½ Ed^! Xdc ad hkâjeed YZaaZ iZXcdad\^Z! ZXXd ^ XZcigVa^c^hi^ Z \a^ deZgVidg^ ^c[dgbVi^X^# D\\^! hZcoV kdaZg Y^bZci^XVgZ aZ Y^[ÒXdai| d\\Zii^kZ X]Z YZg^kVcd YVaaV bVcXVcoV YZaaV k^hiV! Va Y^hVWâZ k^h^kd hdcd egZXajhZ edX]Z higVYZ Y^bdhigVcYd X]Z Xdc â XdgV\\^d Z Xdc aV XdchVeZkdaZooV YZaaZ egdeg^Z XVeVXî| h^ ej Vgg^kVgZ adciVcd# AÉJc^dcZ >iVa^VcV YZ^ 8^ZX]^ Z YZ\a^ >edkZYZci^ aV eg^cXêVaZ YZaaZ 6hhdX^Vo^dc^ Y^ XViZ\dg^V ZY ]V hdhiZcjid ^ hjd^ hdX^ Z ^ Y^hVWâ^ k^h^k^ ^c \ZcZgVaZ cZaaZ WViiV\a^Z eZg aV Xdcfj^hiV YZ^ Y^gîi^ X^kâ^# AV HZo^dcZ egdk^cX^VaZ Y^ IgZcid aVkdgV eZg aÉ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ YZ^ X^ZX]^ ZY YZ\a^ êdkZYZci^ cZaaV hXjdaV! cZa bdcYd YZa aVkdgd Z cZaaÉ^ciZgV hdX^Zi|! eZg jc [jijgd hZcoV dhiVXda^/ eZg [VgZ fjZhid ]V W^hd\cd VcX]Z YZa ijd eZghdcVaZ Xdcig^Wjid#

j^Xic5j^X^ZX]^#î ^c[d5j^XigZcid#î lll#j^XigZcid#î lll#j^X^ZX]^#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ ;ZgY^cVcYd 8ZXXVid HVgV OdbZg E^ZgV 8VbeZhig^c^ ^c[d5j^X^ZX]^#^i

&)-

> egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ YZaaÉJc^dcZ >iVa^VcV 8^ZX]^ Z YZ\a^ >edkZYZci^ egZkZYdcd â Xd^ckda\^bZcid YZ^ \^dkVc^ ^c Vii^kî| Y^/ & VXXdbeV\cVbZcid YZ^ hdX^ Z YZ^ Y^g^\Zci^ V g^jc^dc^! Vii^kî| g^XgZVi^kZ! hedgi^kZ d eZg hkda\ZgZ Xdbb^hh^dc^ eZg aZ fjVa^ cdc edhhdcd V\^gZ VjidcdbVbZciZ! VcX]Z bZY^VciZ jiâôod Y^ bZoo^ ejWWa^X^ Z YZaaÉ:ciZ0 & V^jid cZaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZ^ cjbZgdh^ egd\Zi" i^ Vii^k^ cZaaV HZo^dcZ0 & Vii^kî| Y^ ^c[dgbVo^dcZ Z hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ0 & XdaaVWdgV" o^dcZ cZaaÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ bVc^[ZhiVo^dc^ YZaaÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ! \VgVciZcYd aV egZ" hZcoV VaaZ g^jc^dc^ Z VaaZ kVg^Z ^cô^Vi^kZ YZaaV HZo^dcZ0 & V^jid V^ kVg^YdXZc" i^! [VXâîVidg^ Z bZbWg^ Y^ XdbîVi^ cZaaV \Zhi^dcZ Y^ ^cXdcig^ Z g^jc^dc^0 & V^jid cZaaZ kVg^Z Vii^kî| hkdaiZ YVa A^Wgd EVgaVid0 & Vii^kî| Y^ hjeedgid Z XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ cZ^ Xdc[gdci^ YZa eZghdcVaZ Vbb^c^higVi^kd0 & V^jid cZaaZ kVg^Z Vii^kî| hkdaiZ YVa A^Wgd EVgaVid0 & Vii^kî| Y^ hjeedgid Z XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ cZ^ Xdc[gdci^ YZa eZghdcVaZ Vbb^c^higVi^kd# AZ Vii^kî| hkdaiZ YV^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ kZc\dcd ed^ XdcXdgYViZ Xdc ^ gV\Voo^ XZgXVcYd Y^ g^heZiiVgZ aZ ^cXa^cVo^dc^ ^cY^k^YjVa^! aZ XVeVXî| Y^ gZaVo^dcZ Z aV [dgbVo^dcZ! Va ÒcZ Y^ VjbZciVgZ aZ ViiîjY^c^ Y^ d\cjcd# CZa '%%. Va egd\Ziid ÆEZg XdbegZcYZgZ â egd[jbd YZ^ Xdadg^ Ä IgZcidÇ ]Vccd eVgiZXêVid 9ZWdgV] 6aWVh^c^! AVjgV 7Zgi^! 9Vc^ZaZ 9VaYdhh! <^VYV 9VahVhh! <^ja^d <^dkVcVoo^! 6aZhh^V BVc^Zg^! HZgZcV EVdaVoo^! B^X]ZaV Gjhhd! 6c\ZaV HXVgYV Z 6c\Za^XV HZgVÒc^#

8=> H>6BD

k^V 7ZaZcoVc^! &' (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& --&&'+

AÉJc^kZghî| Y^ IgZcid! [dcYViV cZa &.+'! dg\VcôoViV ^c , [VXdai|! &) YêVgi^bZci^ Y^ g^XZgXV! Xj^ V[[Zg^hXdcd e^ Y^ *%% YdXZci^ Z g^XZgXVidg^ Z XdciV fjVh^ &*#%%% hijYZci^# >a XVbejh h^ igdkV cZa XZcigd Y^ IgZcid! Xîi| g^cdbViV eZg â hjd eVig^bdc^d Y^ VgiZ Z Y^ hidg^V ZY hîjViV egdeg^d cZa ejcid Y^ ^cXdcigd igV aV XjaijgV îVa^VcV Z fjZaaV ZjgdeZV# AV XVgViiZg^hi^XV X]Z XdcigVYY^hi^c\jZ fjZhiV \^dkVcZ Z Y^cVb^XV jc^kZghî| aV eVgi^XdaVgZ ViiZco^dcZ g^kdaiV VaaZ gZaVo^dc^ ^ciZgcVo^dcVa^# 6iigVkZghd Y^kZgh^ egd\Zii^ Xdbjc^ gZVaôoVi^ Xdc jc^kZghî| ZjgdeZZ! IgZcid hiV hkâjeeVcYd aV hjV gZiZ Y^ XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ eZg fjVcid g^\jVgYV h^V aÉ^chZ\cVbZcid X]Z aV g^XZgXV! Vaad hXded Y^ d[[g^gZ jcÉVgX]îZiijgV Y^YVii^XV Z Y^ g^XZgXV V a^kZaad ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ Z Y^ XgZVgZ deedgijcî| Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ egd[Zhh^dcVaZ Z Y^ XVgg^ZgV# AÉJc^kZghî| Y^ IgZcid ]V Y^ gZXZciZ ^cigdYdiid cjdk^ egd\gVbb^ Y^ hijY^d Z Y^ g^XZgXV cZaaZ VgZZ ZbZg\Zci^! fjVa^ aZ hX^ZcoZ Xd\cî^kZ! aZ cZjgdhX^ZcoZ Z \a^ hijY^ ^ciZgcVo^dcVa^ Z aV W^dad\^V#

gZiidgZ5jcîc#î lll#jcîc#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

AÉJc^kZghî| YZ\a^ HijY^ Y^ IgZcid ]V VYZgîd Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ eZg Xdcig^Wj^gZ VY d[[g^gZ Va bdcYd \^dkVcâZ jcÉ^bedgiVciZ deedgijcî| eZg jc ^beZ\cd Z[ÒXVXZ ^c XVbed XjaijgVaZ! [dgbVi^kd Z YZaaV g^XZgXV! jiâZ eZg aV XdaaZii^kî| ZY Z[ÒX^ZciZ ^c gZaVo^dcZ VaaZ g^hdghZ ejWWa^X]Z ^be^Z\ViZ# >ciZcYZ \VgVci^gZ VaigZh X]Z aV egdedhiV g^kdaiV V^ \^dkVc^ h^V X]^V" gVbZciZ YZÒcîV Z Xdbjc^XViV ^c bdYd igVheVgZciZ Z X]Z aÉZheZg^ZcoV YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Xdhiîj^hXV Z[[Zii^kVbZciZ jc bdbZcid Y^ XgZhXîV eZghdcVaZ Z Y^ b^\a^dgVbZcid YZaaV XVeVXî| YZ^ \^dkVc^! ViigVkZghd jc ^beZ\cd cZaaÉVbW^ZciZ jc^kZghîVg^d#

&).

K6AA: 6E:GI6

8=> H>6BD

AdX# EdcX^VX] (-%(% ;VkZg IC

KVaaZ 6eZgiV jcÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ! cViV kZciÉVcc^ [V! X]Z d[[gZ hd\\^dgc^ Y^ kVXVcoV eZg eZg" hdcZ X]Z hd[[gdcd cZaaZ gZaVo^dc^ Z cZaaV eh^X]Z# DeZgV \gVo^Z V kdadciVg^ Z deZgVidg^! ^c jcV XVhZiiV ^bbZghV [gV ^ egVi^ Z ^ WdhX]^ Y^ EdcX^VX] hdegV V ;VkZg! ^c KVaaZ Y^ 8ZbWgV # DheîV \gjee^ Y^ X^cfjZ"diid eZghdcZ eZg kdaiV! egdkZc^Zci^ YV ijiid â iZggîdg^d YZaaV Egdk^cX^V Y^ IgZcid# CZa eZg^dYd Y^ hd\\^dgcd egdedcZ Vii^kî| X]Z egdbjdkdcd â XdciViid Z aV XdcY^k^h^dcZ igV ^ kVg^ hd\\Zii^! ^c jc Xa^bV Y^ hda^YVg^Zi| Z eVgiZXêVo^dcZ# AÉVeegdXX^d bZidYdad\^Xd eg^kâZ\^V bdbZci^ ajY^X^ WVhVi^ hj Vii^kî|"hi^bdad Z gZaVo^dc^"hi^bdad#

iZaZ[dcd %)+& +-((,-

Vbb^c^higVo^dcZ5 VhhdX^Vo^dcZkVaaZVeZgiV#^i lll#VhhdX^Vo^dcZkVaaZVeZgiV#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

BVg^d =daaZg ^c[d5VhhdX^Vo^dcZkVaaZVeZgiV#^i

&*%

KVaaZ 6eZgiV d[[gZ V gV\Voo^ Z gV\VooZ jcÉZheZg^ZcoV Y^ kîV jc^XV# GVeegZhZciV jc kVa^Yd WVcXd Y^ egdkV eZg X]^ kjdaZ jhX^gZ YV^ egdeg^ Z\d^hb^ Z YVaaZ egdeg^Z XZgiZooZ! eZg bZi" iZgh^ ^c \^dXd Z eVgiZXêVgZ VaaV Xdhigjo^dcZ Y^ jc bdcYd e^ ViiZcid VaaÉVaigd! XdcigVhiVc" Yd aZ ^c\^jhiô^Z Z g^bjdkZcYd aZ XVjhZ X]Z egdYjXdcd aÉZbVg\^cVo^dcZ! VYdiiVcYd jcd hiâZ Y^ kîV dg^ZciVid V Xdhigj^gZ jcV hdX^Zi| e^ V Y^bZch^dcZ YÉjdbd# E^ cZa XdcXgZid aÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ KVaaZ 6eZgiV d[[Z V^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ hkâjeeVgZ aZ XdbeZiZcoZ gZaVo^dcVa^ Z aZ VWâî| cZXZhhVg^Z V hiVWâ^gZ jc gVeedgid eVgiZXêVid Xdc eZghdcZ hd[[ZgZci^ cZaaV eh^X]Z# :É jc eZgXdghd [dgbVi^kd X]Z egZkZYZ jc aVkdgd hj h hiZhh^! hj^ egdeg^ egZ\^jYô^! hjaaZ egdeg^Z eVjgZ bV VcX]Z hjaaZ egdeg^Z g^" hdghZ# HdhiZcjid YVa aVkdgd Y^ \gjeed Z YVaaÉVXfj^hô^dcZ Y^ cjdk^ higjbZci^ ^ciZgegZiVi^k^ YZaaÉVbW^ZciZ hdX^VaZ! â \^dkVcZ kdadciVg^d ]V aÉdeedgijcî| Y^ hkâjeeVgZ jcV eVgi^XdaVgZ ViiZco^dcZ eZg aV g^XX]ZooV Z aV heZX^ÒXî| Y^ d\c^ eZghdcV Z Y^ ZhhZgZ iZhi^bdcZ Y^ jc bdYd Y^ k^kZgZ WVhVid hjaaÉZ\jV\a^VcoV Z aV hda^YVg^Zi|# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Æ8dc â XjdgZ Xdc ^ hZch^ Z Xdc aV bZciZ# 8gZhXZgZ Vhh^ZbZ VaaV Xdbjcî| cZaaÉ^ciZgVo^dcZ Xdc aZ eZghdcZ X]Z hd[[gdcd cZaaV eh^X]Z '%%.Ç AVjgV BV\cV\jV\cd! 9Vk^Y B^X]Za^! HZWVhi^Vc CVgYdc Z BVgi^cV C^XdadY^#

K>AA6 B6G>6

8=> H>6BD

E^VooV H# BVgi^cd! ' (-%+% AZco^bV Y^ >hZgV IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& )-+,+-

hZ\gZiZg^V5kâaVbVg^V"aZco^bV#î lll#kâaVbVg^V"aZco^bV#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

BVjgô^d EVhhZg^c^ egd\Ziid#bVXgVbZ5kâaVbVg^V" aZco^bV#î

AV 8ddeZgVi^kV cVhXZ cZa &..* Xdc aÉ^ciZcid Y^ \Zhi^gZ jc hZgkô^d gZh^YZco^VaZ Z h^ heZ" X^VaôoViV cZ\a^ Vcc^ cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaÉ]VcY^XVe bZciVaZ# 6ii^kV cZa igZci^cd YZaaV KVaaV\V" g^cV! h^ egdedcZ XdbZ hZgkô^d V bjai^XdbeZiZcoV cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaV Y^hVWâî| eh^XdÒh^XV! cZaaÉdii^XV YZaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZa WZcZhhZgZ eh^XdÒh^Xd YZaaÉ^cY^k^Yjd Z YZaaÉViiZco^dcZ V^ hjd^ W^hd\c^# >a hZgkô^d h^ Vgi^XdaV hja iZggîdg^d ^c bVc^ZgV Y^kZgh^ÒXViV# >c eg^bd ajd\d! â XZcigd gZh^YZco^VaZ hîd V AZco^bV h^ dXXjeV daigZ X]Z YZaaV XjgV hVcîVg^V Z Vhh^hiZco^VaZ VcX]Z Y^ Vii^kî| Y^ g^VWâîVo^dcZ! Y^ Vii^kî| dXXjeVo^dcVa^ Z Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ# K^ hdcd ed^! aZ X^cfjZ 8dbjcî| 6aad\\^d Y^ GdkZgZid X]Z XdchZcidcd Y^ Y^hedggZ Y^ heVo^ Z cjbZg^ XdciZcji^ X]Z [Vkdg^hXdcd â hZchd Y^ VeeVgiZcZcoV! aV Xdg" gZhedchVWâôoVo^dcZ cZaaV \Zhi^dcZ YZaaV fjdi^Y^Vcî| YdbZhi^XV Z aÉ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ cZa iZggîdg^d# 8^VhXjcV Xdbjcî| Y^hedcZ Y^ jcÉVaiV Vjidcdb^V Z XdchZciZ VaaZ eZghdcZ X]Z aV VWîVcd ViijVabZciZ YjZ Y^ hZ\j^gZ jc eZgXdghd Y^ Vbea^VbZcid YZaaÉVjidcdb^V eZg" hdcVaZ! ViigVkZghd jcV eVgo^VaZ egZhZcoV YZ\a^ deZgVidg^! ^ciZ\gViV YV jcV [dgiZ egZhZcoV Y^ kdadciVg^ Z YV jc h^hiZbV Ydbdi^Xd X]Z \VgVci^hXZ aV h^XjgZooV YZ\a^ jiZci^# 6^ hZgkô^ gZh^YZco^Va^ aV 8ddeZgVi^kV V[ÒVcXV â 8Zcigd HdX^d :YjXVi^kd Y^ KdaVcd! X]Z! cZaaV [VhX^V Y^jgcV! ^ciZ\gV aV egZhV ^c XVg^Xd egdedcZcYd Vii^kî| V XVgViiZgZ ZYjXVi^kd! g^VWâîVi^kd ZY dXXjeVo^dcVaZ ^c jcV Y^bZch^dcZ Y^ \gjeed#

AV 8ddeZgVi^kV HdX^VaZ KâaV BVg^V h^ ^he^gV VY jcV ÒadhdÒV YZ^ hZgkô^ Zgd\Vi^ X]Z g^hZgkV aV bVhh^bV ViiZco^dcZ VaaÉ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ YZaaZ eZghdcZ YZaaZ fjVa^ h^ dXXjeV# EZg fjZhid bdi^kd ^chZg^gZ cZ^ XdciZhi^ Y^ kîV Ò\jgZ Y^kZghZ YV^ egd[Zhh^dc^hi^ X]Z ^c Zh" hZ aVkdgVcd Y^kZciV [dcYVbZciVaZ! h^Vcd Zhh^ hZbea^X^ kdadciVg^ d gV\Voo^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ# H^ kjdaZ hdiida^cZVgZ! ^c daigZ! aÉ^beViid edhî^kd X]Z fjZhiÉZheZg^ZcoV edig| VkZgZ ^c YjZ VbWî^ [dcYVbZciVa^/ aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ Y^[[dcYZgZ! VcX]Z hZ ^c b^c^bV eVgiZ! jcV XjaijgV YZaaÉVXXZiiVo^dcZ YZa ÆY^kZghdÇ igV ^ \^dkVc^ Z aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ ^beaZbZciVgZ aZ gZaVo^dc^ d[[ZgiZ VaaZ eZghdcZ Y^hVWâ^ dheîViZ# CZ\a^ Vcc^ hXdgh^ aV 8ddeZgVi^kV ]V d[[Zgid V^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ [VgZ ZheZg^ZcoZ ^bedgiVci^ h^V hja e^Vcd eZghdcVaZ X]Z hja e^Vcd egd[Zhh^dcVaZ! ViigVkZghd bdbZci^ higjiijgVi^ Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ Z \gVo^Z Va Xdc[gdcid Xdc \a^ deZgVidg^ cZaaÉZhZgXô^d YZaaÉVii^kî|# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Æ8dbjcî| ZYjXVciZÇ <^VYV 8^ZX]! IZgZhV 9Z hVcid! IVi^VcV Adc\d Z 8]^VgV AdgVci^#

&*&

K>AA6 H# ><C6O>D

8=> H>6BD

K^V VaaZ AVhiZ! '' (-&'& IgZcid

iZaZ[dcd %)+& '(-,'%

KâaV H# >\cVo^d jcV 8ddeZgVi^kV Y^ Hda^YVg^Zi| HdX^VaZ Xdc hZYZ V IgZcid# DeZgV eg^cX^" eVabZciZ cZaaÉVii^kî| Y^ VXXd\a^ZcoV Z [dgbVo^dcZ Y^ eZghdcZ ^c hîjVo^dcZ Y^ Y^[ÒXdai| X]Z! eZg XVjhZ d\\Zii^kZ d hd\\Zii^kZ! cdc hdcd ^c \gVYd Y^ ^ciZ\gVgh^ VjidcdbVbZciZ hdiid â egdÒad eh^Xdad\^Xd! bdgVaZ! XjaijgVaZ ZY ZXdcdb^Xd cZaaÉVbW^ZciZ ^c Xj^ k^kdcd Z cZ^ Xdc[gdci^ YZaaZ fjVa^ cdc g^hjaiV edhh^WâZ d Z[ÒXVXZ â g^Xdghd V\a^ dgY^cVg^ ^ciZgkZci^ ejWWa^X^ hdX^d"Vhh^hiZco^Va^# AV 8ddeZgVi^kV ^c [dgiZ h^cZg\^V Xdc aV gZiZ YZ^ &+ Zci^ hZcoV hXded Y^ ajXgd VYZgZci^ VaaV ;dcYVo^dcZ H# >\cVo^d Y^ IgZcid# AV hjV ZheZg^ZcoV cZaaÉVbWîd YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ]V ^cô^Vid cZa &.,* fjVcYd Vii^kV jcV XdckZco^dcZ Xdc â B^c^hiZgd YZaaV 9^[ZhV eZg aV \Zhi^dcZ YZ^ eg^b^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV# 9Va &.,* VY d\\^! e^ Y^ YjZXZcid dW^Ziidg^ ZY jcV fj^cY^X^cV Y^ gV\Voo^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ CVo^dcVaZ ]Vccd hkdaid Vii^kî| Y^ hdhiZ\cd kZghd Vaig^ \^dkVc^ Z VYjai^ dheî^ YZaaV 8ddeZgVi^kV#

Xdde5kh^#^i lll#Xdde#kh^#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

;VW^d 8dadbWd hZgkô^dX^kâZ5kh^#î

&*'

AV egZhZcoV YZ^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ jcÉdXXVh^dcZ Y^ Vgg^XX]^bZcid Z Y^ hXVbW^d gZaVo^dcVaZ X]Z b^\a^dgV aV fjVaî| YZ^ gVeedgi^ jbVc^ Z YZaaZ Vii^kî| Y^ hdhiZ\cd VaaZ eZghdcZ VXXdaiZ# > kdadciVg^ heZg^bZciVcd jcÉdeedgijcî| Y^ XgZhXîV YVa ejcid Y^ k^hiV h^V jbVcd h^V egd[Zhh^dcVaZ# AÉZheZg^ZcoV Y^ XdcY^k^h^dcZ ^c Xdbjcî| edhh^WâZ! ^c" [Vii^! aV gZh^YZco^Vaî| VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZaaV XVhV Y^ VXXd\a^ZcoV [Vkdg^hXZ aÉVjidcdb^V Z aV XdchVeZkdaZooV# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Æ>bb^\gVo^dcZ! eVhhV\\^ Y^ kîV " >>> ZYô^dcZÇ NaZc^V 7ZiiZ\V! <^dgYVcd <^VgY^ Z 7VgWVgV KVaZg^V <^dkVccV K^ci^X^0 Va egd\Ziid ÆJc Vccd eZg \a^ Vaig^### jc Vccd eZg iZ " K>> ZYô^dcZÇ ]Vccd VYZgîd BVgXd 7ZggV! :a^hVWZiiV <^gVgY^! BVgi^cV GdVi Z <^ja^V OdiiZaZ#

K>AA6<<>D 9:A ;6C8>JAAD HDH

8=> H>6BD

K^V =# <bZ^cZg! '* (-&'' IgZcid

iZaZ[dcd %)+& (-)&%%

>a KâaV\\^d HDH deZgV cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaÉVXXd\a^ZcoV V b^cdg^ ^c Y^[ÒXdai| [Vbâ^VgZ ^c h^cZg\^V Xdc ^ HZgkô^ HdX^Va^ IZggîdg^Va^ ZY â Ig^WjcVaZ YZ^ B^cdg^ Y^ IgZcid# CZa '%%( â KâaV\\^d ]V Xdbe^jid fjVgVciV Vcc^ Y^ Vii^kî|# >c fjZhid ajc\d eZg^dYd hdcd hiVi^ VXXdai^ XdbeaZhh^kVbZciZ ('& WVbW^c^ aV bV\\^dg eVgiZ XgZhX^ji^! bdai^ YZ^ fjVa^ Òcd VaaÉVjidcdb^V # ++ Y^ Zhh^ \dYdcd VcXdgV YZaaÉVXXdbeV\cVbZcid YZ\a^ deZgVidg^# D\c^ XVhV YZa KâaV\\^d \ZhiîV YV jcV ÆBVbbV HDHÇ ^c XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc YjZ ÆO^ZÇ ZYjXVig^X^ egd[Zhh^dcVa^ # AÉdg\Vc^Xd XdbeaZhh^kd YZaaV 8ddeZgVi^kV egZkZYZ jcÉVaigV ÆO^VÇ X]Z ZcigV ^c \^dXd ^c hdhiîjo^dcZ YZaaZ deZgVig^X^ ^c XVhd Y^ [Zg^Z d Y^ bVaVii^V! bV ^c VhhZcoV Y^ fjZhiZ jai^bZ! aVkdgV cZaaZ XVhZ V hZXdcYV YZ^ W^hd\c^ Z cZXZhhî|# AV Xdbjcî| eZg VYdaZhXZci^ \ZhiîV YV jcV fjêZ Y^ X^cfjZ deZgVidg^ X]Z egZh^Y^Vcd â hZgkô^d ViigVkZghd aÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ ijgc^ Y^ egZhZcoV# AÉVgZV YZ^ bV\\^dgZcc^ hZ\jîV YV jcÉ ZYjXVidgZ#

^c[d5hdhigZcid#^i lll#hdhigZcid#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

9^Z\d EadXZX] Y^Z\d#hZ\gZiZg^V5hdhigZcid#^i

>a KâaV\\^d HDH Òc YVa &.,, ]V VXXdaid Va hjd ^ciZgcd dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV X] Z hdcd hiVi^ V[ÒVcXVi^ Va eZghdcVaZ ZYjXVi^kd Z e^ZcVbZciZ ^ciZ\gVi^ cZ^ kVg^ hZgkô^! ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ# 9VaaÉVkkZcid YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! X^ hdcd hiViZ VaXjcZ eg^bZ ZheZg^ZcoZ Y^ ^chZg^bZcid# K^hiV aV eVgi^XdaVgZ XdbeaZhhî| Z YZa^XViZooV YZa iêd Y^ hZgkô^d d[[Zgid! aÉ^chZg^bZcid egZhjeedcZ jcV bdi^kVo^dcZ [dgiZ Z egZX^hV# YZa iêd Y^ hZgkô^d d[[Zgid! aÉ^chZg^bZcid egZhjeedcZ jcV bdi^kVo^dcZ [dgiZ Z egZX^hV# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Æ6c^bVo^dcZ Va KâaV\\^d/ cjdkZ g^hdghZ! cjdkZ de" edgijcî| Ä '%%.Ç <^ja^V HVWV^c^! 9Vc^ZaV IdcZooZg! <^ja^V Ijgg^cV Z CViVhX^V OVc\Vc^#

&*(

L=N >CI:GC6I>DC6A 6HHD8>6I>DC D; B:9>86A <:C:I>8H

8=> H>6BD

L=N Ä V LdgaY =dbZ [dg Ndji] jcÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ Y^ kdadciVg^Vid ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ! deZgV ^c 6h^V ZY 6[g^XV eg^cXêVabZciZ V [VkdgZ YZ^ \^dkVc^! gZVaôoVcYd egd\Zii^ Y^ cVijgV ZYjXVi^kV# >c >iVa^V dg\VcôoV ZkZci^ Y^ hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ! ^cXdcig^ Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ Z XVbe^ Y^ kdadciVg^Vid VaaÉZhiZgd

X#hd >>> CdkZbWgZ! &&+ (-&'' IgZcid

iZaZ[dcd %)+& .()&.& XZaa (), -'')+%-

^c[d5l]n^ch^ZbZ#dg\ lll#l]n^ch^ZbZ#dg\

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

BVgi^cV 8VbegZ\]Zg bVgi^cV#XVbegZ\]Zg5\bV^a#Xdb ^c[d5n)n#^i

&*)

D\c^ Vccd hdcd bdai^ ^ kdadciVg^ X]Z h^ gZXVcd cZaaV cdhigV hZYZ Y^ ?VbW^Vc^ V OVco^WVg IVcoVc^V eZg eZg^dY^ WgZk^ d ajc\]^ Y^ kdadciVg^Vid ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ eZg XddeZgVgZ Xdc ad hiV[[ adXVaZ cZaaV \Zhi^dcZ Y^ , Vhâ^ [gZfjZciVi^ YV daigZ +%% WVbW^c^# CZaaV hZYZ Y^ IgZcid ^ kdadciVg^ hjeedgiVcd aZ Vii^kîVÉ Y^ Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ ZY dg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ ZkZci^# Hdcd ZheZg^ZcoZ [dgbVi^kZ ^bedgiVci^! iZhi^bdc^ViZ YV bdai^ gVXXdci^ ejWWa^XVi^ hja hîd ^ciZgcZi ]iie/$$l]noVco^WVg#ldgYegZhh#Xdb$# L]n XgZYZ X]Z â hZgkô^d X^kâZ edhhV Zh" hZgZ dXXVh^dcZ h^\c^ÒXVi^kV eZg Vkk^X^cVgZ ^ \^dkVc^ VaaZ Vii^kî| hkdaiZ YVaaÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ Z eZg egdbjdkZgZ ad hkâjeed

:CI> EGDK>C8>6A>

:9J86O>DC: : EGDBDO>DC: 8JAIJG6A:

66I 6HHD8>6O>DC: 6B>8> IG:CI>C>

8=> H>6BD

K^V :hiZgaZ! '+ (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& '+%).%

igZcid5Vb^XîgZci^c^#î lll#Vb^XîgZci^c^#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

Hâk^V 8g^hi^cV OVc\gVcYd igZcid5Vb^XîgZci^c^#î

&*+

6AIGDIG:CI>CD

8=> H>6BD

K^V 8VaZe^cV! +* (-&'' IgZcid

iZaZ[dcd %)+& '('%.+

AV 8ddeZgVi^kV YV ', Vcc^ ZYîV â fj^cY^X^cVaZ FI"FjZhidigZci^cd! Xdc aV ÒcVaî| Y^ egd" bjdkZgZ! cZaaV bVc^ZgV e^ VjidcdbV Z ^cYêZcYZciZ edhh^WâZ! aÉ^c[dgbVo^dcZ Z â Y^WViiîd hjaaV hdX^Zi|! aV edaî^XV! aV XjaijgV! Xdc eVgi^XdaVgZ bV cdc ZhXajh^kV! ViiZco^dcZ VaaV gZVai| adXVaZ# CZa Xdghd YZ\a^ Vcc^! YZX^cZ Y^ gZYViidg^ Z XdaaVWdgVidg^! ]Vccd eVg" iZXêVid ^c bdYd kdadciVg^d VaaV gZYVo^dcZ YZa \^dgcVaZ! bdi^kVi^ h^V YV jcV hZch^Wâî| X^k^XV! h^V YV ^ciZgZhh^ eZghdcVa^# IgV fjZhiZ XdaaVWdgVo^dc^! bdaid h^\c^ÒXVi^kZ hdcd hiViZ fjZaaZ Y^ hkVg^Vi^ \^dkVc^ X]Z! Vkk^X^cVi^h^ Va \^dgcVaZ# Kjd^ eZg ^ciZgZhhZ XjaijgVaZ! kjd^ eZgX] ^beZ\cVi^ ^c hiV\Z d cZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hdhiîji^kd! ]Vccd [dgcîd jc [Vii^kd Z iVadgV ^ccdkVi^kd Veedgid! igVYdiidh^ ^c jcV egd[Zhh^dcVaôoVo^dcZ h[dX^ViV VcX]Z ^c jcV YZX^cV Y^ XVh^ cZaaV adgd Vhhjco^dcZ egZhhd iZhiViZ adXVa^ Z cVo^dcVa^# FjZhidigZci^cd ]V ejgZ jcV hjV kZgh^dcZ dc"a^cZ lll#fjZhidigZci^cd#î! X]Z gZcYZ Y^" hedc^Wâ^ Xdc \a^ Vgi^Xda^ XdaaZ\Vi^ êZgiZhijVabZciZ igV adgd Z ViigVkZghd kVg^ VgX]^k^ aZ VccViZ YZa \^dgcVaZ YVa &..- VY d\\^! Xdc jcV WjdcV [gjô^dcZ! X^gXV *#%%% eV\Z"k^Zl Va \^dgcd#

gZYVo^dcZfi5fjZhidigZci^cd#^i lll#fjZhidigZci^cd#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

:iidgZ EVg^h ZiidgZ#eVg^h5fjZhidigZci^cd#^i

AV 8ddeZgVi^kV! [dgiZ YZaaZ ZheZg^ZcoZ bVijgViZ ^c eVhhVid! Xdc aÉ^bb^hh^dcZ cZa aVkdgd Y^ ZYîVo^dcZ YZa \^dgcVaZ Y^ iVci^ \^dkVc^! igV Xj^ fjZaa^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hdhiîji^kd! h^ egdedcZ Y^ eZghZ\j^gZ VcVad\]Z ÒcVaî| ViigVkZghd â cjdkd HZgkô^d! Xj^ eZgVaigd VYZg^" hXdcd \^dkVc^ bZY^VbZciZ bdaid bdi^kVi^# <a^ dW^Zii^k^ heZX^ÒX^ Xdch^hidcd cZa [Vg VX" fj^h^gZ V^ gV\Voo^ XjaijgV! bZciVaî|! XVeVXî| Z iZXc^X]Z YV heZcYZgZ cZa XdcXgZid YZaaZ Vii^kî| ^ciZgcZ Va \^dgcVaZ# >a aVkdgd Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ egZkZYZ Y^ ^chZg^ga^ cZaaV gZYVo^dcZ! bZiiZcYda^ ^c \gVYd Y^ eVgiZXêVgZ [Vii^kVbZciZ Va Y^WViiîd ^ciZgcd0 edga^ ^c \gVYd Y^ XdaaVWdgVgZ VaaV hiZhjgV Y^ Vgi^Xda^! gZYVo^dcZ Y^ ^ciZgk^hiZ! hdbb^c^higVo^dcZ ZY ZaVWd" gVo^dcZ Y^ fjZhi^dcVg^ eZg hdcYV\\^0 [Vg adgd VXfj^h^gZ aZ cdo^dc^ iZXc^X]Z eZg aÉ^beV\^" cVo^dcZ! aV [did\gVÒV Y^\îVaZ! aÉZaVWdgVo^dcZ \gVÒXV! aV \Zhi^dcZ Y^ VgX]^k^ ^c[dgbVi^X^! aÉV\\^dgcVbZcid Z ^beaZbZciVo^dcZ YZa hîd >ciZgcZi#

&*,

6G>6CC6

8=> H>6BD

K^V BVgXd EdaV! , (-&'& <VgYdad IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& '(*..%

Vg^VccVhXh5a^WZgd#^i lll#Vg^VccV#Xdde

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

GdWZgid BVgi^cZaad Vg^VccVhXh5a^WZgd#^i

&*-

6g^VccV jcV 8ddeZgVi^kV HdX^VaZ cViV cZa Y^XZbWgZ YZa &..&# DeZgV cZa 8dbjcZ Y^ IgZcid cZa XVbed YZa hdhiZ\cd Z YZaaÉV^jid V WVbW^c^ Z VYdaZhXZci^ ^c Y^[ÒXdai| Z cdc! VaaZ adgd [Vb^\a^Z Z VaaV Xdbjcî| ijiiV# AÉdW^Zii^kd eg^cXêVaZ YZaaV 8ddeZgVi^kV VXXdbeV\cVgZ ^ WVbW^c^ Z ^ gV\Voo^ cZa adgd eZgXdghd Y^ XgZhXîV! hdhiZcZcYda^ Vii^kVbZciZ Va ÒcZ Y^ V^jiVga^ V Xdhigj^gh^ jcV hVcV Z Vgbdc^dhV ^YZciî|# AV 8ddeZgVi^kV ^ciZcYZ! ^cdaigZ! [Vkdg^gZ â egdiV\dc^hbd Z aV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ XîiVY^c^ VaaV kîV YZaaV Xîi| Y^ d\\^ Z VaaV Xdhigjo^dcZ Y^ fjZaaV X]Z kZgg|! hi^bdaVgZ â Xdc[gdcid igV gV\Voo^ Z VYjai^ Z hdhiZcZgZ ijii^ ^ egdXZhh^ X]Z ZbZg\dcd YVaaV hdX^Zi| X^kâZ Z X]Z edc\dcd Va XZcigd â kVg^Z\Vid Z XdbeaZhhd bdcYd \^dkVcâZ# CZa eZghZ\j^gZ fjZhi^ dW^Zii^k^ aV 8ddeZgVi^kV XdaaVWdgV Xdc aZ V\Zco^Z ZYjXVi^kZ Z Vhh^hiZco^Va^ Z Xdc aÉ6bb^c^higVo^dcZ XdbjcVaZ eZg kVadgôoVgZ aZ g^hdghZ \^| egZhZci^ hja iZggîdg^d Z eVgiZXêVgZ VaaV Xdhigjo^dcZ Y^ XdcXgZiZ gZi^ hda^YVa^# 6g^VccV egdedcZ egd\Zii^ Y^kZgh^ÒXVi^ Z ^c Xdci^cjV Zkdajo^dcZ Va ÒcZ Y^ g^hedcYZgZ VaaZ bjiZkda^ Zh^\ZcoZ YZa bdcYd \^dkVcâZ Z YZaaV Xdbjcî| cZaaV fjVaZ egd[dcYVbZciZ ^bbZghV# > eg^cXêVa^ hZgkô^ Y^ 6g^VccV hdcd/ 8Zcigd VeZgid Y^jgcd Æ<^dXVaVWdgVidg^dÇ eZg WVbW^c^ Z gV\Voo^ YZaaZ hXjdaZ ZaZbZciVg^ Z bZY^Z0 8Zcigd VeZgid Y^jgcd Æ8VhZiiVÇ eZg gV\Voo^ YZaaZ hXjdaZ bZY^Z Z hjeZg^dg^0 Egd\Ziid Y^ :YjXVi^kV Y^ HigVYV Æ> EVcX]^cVg^ Z½Ç g^kdaid eg^cXêVabZciZ V gV\Voo^ igV ^ &) Z ^ '' Vcc^#

6g^VccV ]V VYZgîd Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ed^X] Vii^kVcYd Xdci^cjVbZciZ cjdk^ egd\Zii^ ZY Vii^kî| VWW^hd\cV Y^ eZghdcZ bdi^kViZ Z ^ciZgZhhViZ X]Z edhhVcd V[ÒVcXVgZ \a^ ZYjXVidg^ Z ^ kdadciVg^ \^| Vii^k^ ^c 8ddeZgVi^kV# x > kdadciVg^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hVgVccd Y^ hjeedgid VcX]Z cZ^ igVYô^dcVa^ hZgkô^ YZ^ XZcig^ Y^jgc^ Y^ IgZcid XZcigd Z Y^ 8VcdkV Z VkgVccd aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ V[[gdciVgZ jcV WgZkZ ZheZg^ZcoV cZa hZgkô^d Y^ :YjXVi^kV Y^ HigVYV# x > gV\Voo^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hdcd Xdch^YZgVi^ ^c 6g^VccV jcÉ^bedgiVciZ g^hdghV Xj^ Vii^c\ZgZ kVadg^ Z cZa XdciZbed h^ d[[gZ adgd eZgXdgh^ Y^ heZg^bZciVo^dcZ ^ciZgZhhVci^ Z Xd^ckda\Zci^#

6GI:<>DK6C:

8=> H>6BD

K^V GdbV! . (-%,. I^dcZ Y^ IgZcid IC

6giZ\^dkVcZ jcÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ Y^ egdbdo^dcZ hdX^VaZ ^hXgîiV Va gZ\^higd egdk^cX^VaZ Y^ IgZcid# :É cViV YVa bdk^bZcid YZ AÉ6cXdgV X]Z Zh^hiZ YVa É.' Z ]V XdcXZcigVid ^c jc jc^Xd dg\Vc^hbd aZ Vii^kî| Vgi^hi^X]Z g^kdaiZ V^ \^dkVc^ Z cdc hdad# AÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ ]V eZg hXded aV kVadgôoVo^dcZ Z aV Y^[[jh^dcZ YZaaV Y^bZch^dcZ Vgi^hi^XV h^V ^cY^k^YjVaZ X]Z Y^ \gjeed# >cdaigZ h^ egdedcZ Y^ egdbjdkZgZ Z hdhiZcZgZ Vii^kî| bjh^XVa^! iZVigVa^! Y^ YVcoV! eîijgV! hXjaijgV! bjai^bZY^Vaî| ZY Vgi^hi^X]Z ^c \ZcZgVaZ! hkdaiZ ^c bVc^ZgV cdc egd[Zhh^dc^hi^XV# > egd\Zii^ X]Z 6giZ\^dkVcZ ]V egdbdhhd cZ^ eg^b^ ' Vcc^ Y^ Vii^kî| hdcd/ egdYjo^dcZ Y^ heZiiVXda^ YZa <B6 <gjeed Bjh^XVaZ 6giZ\^dkVcZ ! VXXd\a^ZcoV Y^ \gjee^ Vgi^hi^X^ higVc^Zg^! dg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ gVhhZ\cZ Y^ heZiiVXda^! VaaZhi^bZci^ Y^ XVciVci^ îVa^Vc^! dg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ XdcXZgi^ bjh^XVa^ Z eZgXdgh^ [dgbVi^k^ aZ\Vi^ Va WVaad Z Va XVcid#

iZaZ[dcd %)+* ('+(,%

^c[d5VgiZ"\^dkVcZ#^i lll#VgiZ"\^dkVcZ#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

Iô^VcV 7j\cV iô^VcV#Wj\cV5VgiZ"\^dkVcZ#î

6giZ\^dkVcZ h^ XdaadXV VaaÉ^ciZgcd Y^ jc XdciZhid Y^ ViiZco^dcZ Va bdcYd \^dkVcâZ YZaaZ <^jY^XVg^Z Z h^ edcZ XdbZ V\Zco^V ZYjXVi^kV eZg gV\Voo^ Z \^dkVc^ X]Z ^ciZcYdcd heZg^bZciVgh^ ^c ZheZg^ZcoZ Vgi^hi^X]Z Y^ fjVaî|# >a egd\Ziid <B6 <gjeed Bjh^XVaZ 6giZ\^dkVcZ X]Z cVid cZa Y^XZbWgZ É.& V ijii^ \a^ Z[[Zii^ jc aVWdgVidg^d Y^ ZheZg^ZcoZ Y^ kîV Z jcÉdeedgijcî| X]Z bdai^ \^dkVc^ ]Vccd Xdaid ^c fjZhi^ Vcc^# H^ igViiV Y^ jc \gjeed Y^ '* eZghdcZ X]Z XVciVcd! WVaaVcd! hjdcVcd! h^ dXXjeVcd Y^ ^be^Vcid VjY^d Z ajX^! Z ^ch^ZbZ egdedc\dcd jcd heZiiVXdad bjh^XVaZ bjai^bZY^VaZ# >a \gjeed ]V gVXXdaid hjXXZhh^ cdc hdad ^c >iVa^V bV VcX]Z VaaÉZhiZgd Xdc VaXjcZ idjgc Z ^c :jgdeV! bV VcX]Z ^c 7gVhâZ Z cZ^ 7VaXVc^# > \^dkVc^ Y^hedc^Wâ^ V [VgZ â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ edigZWWZgd igdkVgZ jcÉdii^bV dXXVh^dcZ Y^ XgZhXîV eZghdcVaZ Z Y^ ZheZg^ZcoV Y^ kîV k^hhjiV V XdciViid Xdc Vaig^ \^dkVc^ Z V Xdc[gdcid Xdc VaigZ gZVai| Vgi^hi^X]Z# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Æ<gjeed bjh^XVaZ VgiZ\^dkVcZ#Ç <V^V 9Z Bjo^d Z HVbjZaZ <^dkVcZaa^#

&*.

6HHD8>6O>DC: BJG>6A9D YZa IG:CI>CD 6AID 69><:

8=> H>6BD

HZYZ AZ\VaZ/ k^V 8 hV K X^V! && (-&'( HVgYV\cV Y^ IgZcid K^V :cYg^X^! '% (-&'' IgZcid

iZaZ[dcd %)+& '(&('% [Vm %)+& '(+%(+ VhhdX^Vo^dcZ5bjg^VaYd#iVV#^i lll#bjg^VaYd#iVV#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

AjXV HdbVYdhh^

&+%

Y^gZo^dcZ5bjg^VaYd#iVV#^i

6HHD8>6O>DC: DG6IDG>D H# 6CIDC>D " IG:CID ++

8=> H>6BD

K^V H# 6cidc^d! '% (-&'' IgZcid

[Vm %)+& ((&)** XZaa (), )(+&-'.

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ DgVidg^d H# 6cidc^d hiViV [dcYViV cZaaÉdiidWgZ YZa '%%) hjaaV hX^V Y^ jcV igVYô^dcVaZ Vii^kî| deZgVciZ YV daigZ jc kZciZcc^d egZhhd aV EVggdXX]^V Y^ H# 6cidc^d Y^ IgZcid! V XjgV Y^ jc \gjeed Y^ kdadciVg^ hZcoV jcV dg\VcôoVo^dcZ higjiijgViV# AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ cdc ]V Òc^ Y^ ajXgd ZY ^ciZcYZ hkda\ZgZ Vii^kî| Y^ jiâî| hdX^VaZ! cZ^ Xdc" [gdci^ YZ\a^ VhhdX^Vi^ Z Y^ iZgo^! cZ^ hZiidg^ YZaaÉV\\gZ\Vo^dcZ hdX^VaZ! YZaaV XjaijgV! YZaad hedgi Z YZaaV hda^YVg^Zi|! cZa g^heZiid YZaaV a^WZgi| Z Y^\cî| YZ\a^ VhhdX^Vi^# 6 iVaZ ÒcZ aÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ edig| Xdbe^ZgZ d\c^ Vo^dcZ Y^gZiiV V egdbjdkZgZ ^ kVadg^ YZaaV eZghdcV Z Y^ jcV hdX^Zi| [dcYViV hja eajgVa^hbd! hjaaZ eVg^ deedgijcî| Z hjaaV XjaijgV YZaaV hda^YVg^Zi|# >c eVgi^XdaVgZ! aÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ edig| hkda\ZgZ Vii^kî| Y^ dg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ ZkZci^ XjaijgVa^! hedgi^k^! Vgi^hi^X^ Z bjh^XVa^0 dg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ Xdgh^ Z bdYja^ [dgbVi^k^ ^c bViZg^V Y^ ZYjXVo^dcZ Z Y^ XjaijgV0 dg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ î^cZgVg^ \j^YVi^ egZhhd ajd\]^ Y^ gâZkVciZ ^ciZgZhhZ XjaijgVaZ! hidg^Xd Z Vgi^hi^Xd0 \Zhi^dcZ YZ\a^ heVo^ ^ciZgc^ ZY ZhiZgc^ VaaV EVggdXX]^V Y^ H# 6cidc^d0 ^ciZgkZcid Z hjeedgid ^c [VkdgZ YZaaZ [VhXZ hdX^Va^ e^ YZ" Wda^ ZY ^c gZaVo^dcZ V heZX^ÒX]Z hîjVo^dc^ Y^ Y^hV\^d0 XdaaVWdgVgZ Xdc VaigZ 6hhdX^Vo^dc^! dg\Vc^hb^ ZY :ci^! VkZci^ ÒcVaî| Y^ jiâî| Z hda^YVg^Zi| hdX^VaZ#

CZa '%%+ aÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ ]V YZX^hd Y^ VYZg^gZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ CVo^dcVaZ! gîZcZcYd X]Z VaXjc^ hXde^ YZaaÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ h^Vcd Vii^cZci^ V fjZaa^ X]Z h^ egZÒ\\Z â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ# CZa '%%- hiVid Vii^kVid â egd\Ziid Æ8gZhXZgZ ^ch^ZbZ ^c 7da\]ZgVÇ hZXdcYV ZYô^dcZ! X]Z ]V k^hid aV XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Y^ Hdc^V GVbV Z 6ciZV GVkV\c^# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Æ8gZhXZgZ ^ch^ZbZ ^c 7da\]ZgV# 6ccd >>>Ç 6aZhhVcYgd 6gaVi^ Z :aZcV C^Xda^c^#

E^Zigd ;ZggVg^

&+&

6HHD8>6O>DC: E:96<D<>86 HI:>C:G>6C6

8=> H>6BD

K^V :cg^Xd 8dcX^! -+ (-&'( IgZcid

iZaZ[dcd %)+& .(%+*[Vm %)+& (.*,)'

hZ\gZiZg^V5hXjdaVhiZ^cZg"igZc" id#^i lll#hXjdaVhiZ^cZg"igZcid#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

&+'

AV HXjdaV GjYda[ HiZ^cZg Y^ IgZcid hiViV [dcYViV â '% hZiiZbWgZ &..'! Yded jc eZg^dYd Y^ egZeVgVo^dcZ YjgVid Y^kZgh^ Vcc^# 9Va &.-+! ^c[Vii^! jc \gjeed Y^ \Zcîdg^ ZY ZYjXVidg^ h^ ZgV ^cXdcigVid gZ\daVgbZciZ eZg ad hijY^d ^c XdbjcZ YZ\a^ hXgîi^ eZYV\d\^X^ Y^ GjYda[ HiZ^cZg# FjVaZ [gjiid Y^ fjZhi^ eg^b^ Vcc^ Y^ aVkdgd! jc e^XXdad \gjeed Y^ \^dXd eZg WVb" W^c^ ^c Zi| egZhXdaVgZ Xdb^cX^ aV hjV Vii^kî| cZaaÉVjijccd YZa &..%# 9jZ Vcc^ Yded! - WVbW^c^ ^cVj\jgVgdcd aV eg^bV XaVhhZ XdcXajYZcYd â egdeg^d X^Xad Y^ hijY^ Xdc aÉZhVbZ Y^ iZgoV bZY^V cZa \^j\cd YZa '%%%# 9V VaadgV! d\c^ Vccd! jcÉdiiVkV XaVhhZ V[[gdciV Xdc hjXXZhhd aV a^XZcoV bZY^V Z jcV eg^bV ^cô^V jc cjdkd X^Xad Y^ hijY^# 6Y d\\^ aV HXjdaV GjYda[ HiZ^cZg Y^ IgZcid jcV HXjdaV EVg^ÒXViV ZY XdbedhiV YV '- ^chZ\cVci^! &** Vaa^Zk^! hjYY^k^h^ cZaaZ diid XaVhh^ Y^ jc jc^Xd X^Xad * ZaZbZciVg^ Z ( bZY^Z Z '+ WVb" W^c^ ^c Zi| egZhXdaVgZ# DaigZ VaaZ bViZg^Z ^hiîjo^dcVa^! â e^Vcd Y^ hijY^ Vgg^XX]îd YVaaV egZhZcoV Y^ Y^kZghZ bViZg^Z Vgi^hi^X]Z! iZVigVa^! bjh^XVa^! Vii^kî| egVi^X]Z Z Y^ aVWdgVidg^d hX^Zci^ÒXd#

86H6 O6B7>6H>

8=> H>6BD

K^V 9VciZ 6a^\]^Zg^! & (-%&% 9Zccd IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& +**'+* [Vm %)+& +**+%.

XVhVoVbW^Vh^5Xdchda^YV#^i lll#XVhV"oVbW^Vh^#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

A^cd <j^Yda^c Y^gZo^dcZ#XVhVoVbW^Vh^5 Xdchda^YV#^i

&+(

8DAA:<>D 6G8>K:H8DK>A: 8:A:HI>CD :C9G>8>

8=> H>6BD

K^V :cYg^X^ '( (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& &,(&'%% [Vm %)+& &,(&'--

XdaaZ\^d5VgX^kZhXdkâZigZcid#î lll#VgX^kZhXdkâZigZcid#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

;âêed <Vaa^ Òaêed\Vaa^5VgX^kZhXdkâZigZcid#î

&+)

8DBJC: 9> 6C96AD

8=> H>6BD

E^VooV 8ZcigVaZ & (-%&% 6C96AD IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& *-*',* [Vm %)+& *-.+',

7^Wa^diZXV >ciZgXdbjcVaZ 6aide^Vcd EV\VcZaaV 7gZciV

AV 7^Wa^diZXV >ciZgXdbjcVaZ aÉJ[ÒX^d 8jaijgVaZ YZ^ 8^cfjZ Xdbjc^ YZaaÉ6aide^Vcd YZaaV EV\VcZaaV Z cVhXZ cZa &..*# AV hZYZ XZcigVaZ Y^ 6cYVad V[ÒVcXViV YV^ ejci^ Y^ aZiijgV Y^ BdakZcd! ;V^ YZaaV EV\VcZaaV! 8VkZYV\d Z HedgbV\\^dgZ# :É jc hZgkô^d g^kdaid V ijii^ ^ XîiVY^c^ gZh^YZci^ ZY dheî^ cZa iZggîdg^d! hZcoV Y^hi^co^dc^ Y^ Zi|! Y^ ^higjo^dcZ Z Y^ egd[Zhh^dcZ# 8dcXdggZ VaaÉZYjXVo^dcZ eZgbVcZciZ Z hdYY^h[V d\c^ Zh^\ZcoV Y^ aZiijgV! ^c[dgbVo^dcZ! V\\^dgcVbZcid Z hijY^d! gZVaôoVcYd jc bdYZgcd hZgkô^d Y^ g^XZgXV! ^c[dgbVo^dcZ Z YdXjbZciVo^dcZ# AV 7^Wa^diZXV h^ ^he^gV V^ eg^cXê^ ZcjcX^Vi^ cZa BVc^[Zhid JC:H8D eZg aZ 7^Wa^diZX]Z ejWWa^X]Z# 6iijVabZciZ Y^hedcZ Y^ X^gXV )%#%%% kdajb^! e^ Vaigd bViZg^VaZ bjai^bZY^VaZ (#%%% YdXjbZci^ X^gXV # > hZgkô^ d[[Zgi^ egZkZYdcd â egZhiîd V Ydb^Xâ^d Z aV XdchjaiVo^dcZ ^c hZYZ Y^ XViVad\]^ ZaZiigdc^X^! g^XZgX]Z Z XdchjaZcoZ W^Wa^d\gVÒX]Z! cVk^\Vo^dcZ >ciZgcZi! k^YZdiZXV! [dcdiZXV! ZbZgdiZXV! [didiZXV# AV 7^Wa^diZXV hkâjeeV cjbZgdh^ egd\Zii^ heZX^Va^ g^kdai^ VaaV hXjdaV Z VaaÉ^c[Vco^V ZY deZgV cZa gZXjeZgd Z cZaaV kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZaaV hidg^V adXVaZ#

VcYVad5W^Wa^d#^c[dic#^i lll#W^Wa^deV\VcZaaV#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

AV 7^Wa^diZXV ^ciZcYZ YVgZ aV edhh^Wâî| V^ \^dkVc^ Y^ Æ[VgZ XjaijgVÇ Xdc aZ egdeg^Z XdbeZiZcoZ! bVc^! XjdgZ ZY Zbdo^dc^# CZa '%%. ]V eVgiZXêVid Va egd\Ziid ÆLZWbVhiZg XgZVi^k^ eZg aV XjaijgV# 8dbjc^XVgZ aV 7^Wa^diZXV ^c ^ciZgcZiÇ Da^kZg EVXZ

<gVo^Vcd 8dhcZg \gVo^Vcd#XdhcZg5W^Wa^d#^c[dic#^i

&+*

8DBJC: 9> 7G:CIDC>8D

8=> H>6BD

K^V ;VW^d >ao^! (* (-%+% 7gZcidc^Xd IC iZaZ[dcd %)+) (..&%*"(..&&&

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ 7gZcidc^Xd h^ ZhiZcYZ hjaaV eVgiZ hZiiZcig^dcVaZ YZa BdciZ 7VaYd! igV aV KVaaZ YZaaÉ6Y^\Z ZY â aV\d Y^ <VgYV# >a iZggîdg^d XdbjcVaZ XVgViiZgôoVid YV jcÉdgd\gVÒV fjVh^ bjai^[dgbZ X]V kV YVaaV Xdaa^cV VaaV bdciV\cV! ZY ]V XdbZ XZcigd aÉVWîVid Y^ 7gZcidc^Xd# AV kVhiî| YZa iZggîdg^d ZY â cjbZgd YZ^ gZh^YZci^ edXd bZcd Y^ )#%%%! bV X]Z cZ^ eZg^dY^ ijg^hi^X^ VjbZciVcd ^c bdYd Xdch^YZgZkdaZ XdcÒ\jgVcd 7gZcidc^Xd XdbZ jcd YZ^ bV\\^dg^ igV ^ ''( 8dbjc^ YZaaV Egdk^cX^V Y^ IgZcid# >a iZggîdg^d V kd" XVo^dcZ ijg^hi^XV! Xdc aV egZhZcoV Y^ VaXjcZ higjiijgZ VaWZg\]^ZgZ gâZkVci^ hdegViijiid cZaaZ hiVo^dc^ bdciVcZ Z Y^ higjiijgZ g^XZii^kZ cZaaZ [gVo^dc^ Z cZa XZcigd# AV ededaVo^dcZ gZh^YZciZ hkda\Z aV egdeg^V Vii^kî| aVkdgVi^kV cZa [dcYdkVaaZ Z cZ^ XZcig^ bV\\^dg^ YZaaV Egdk^cX^V IgZcid Z hdegViijiid GdkZgZid ! Xdc ^be^Z\]^ cZ^ hZiidg^ Y^ ^cYjhig^V Z hZgkô^# >c VbWîd hdX^d"XjaijgVaZ â 8dbjcZ Y^ 7gZcidc^Xd eVgi^XdaVgbZciZ hZch^WâZ ZY ViiZcid cZaaÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ Z hjeedgid VaaZ ^cô^Vi^kZ Z hZgkô^ g^kdai^ V^ WVbW^c^! V^ \^dkVc^! V\a^ VYjai^! V\a^ Vco^Vc^ ZY V^ XîiVY^c^ higVc^Zg^#

ig^Wji^5XdbjcZ#WgZcidc^Xd#ic#^i lll#XdbjcZ#WgZcidc^Xd#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

6ccVa^hV EVhhZg^c^

&++

VccVa^hV#eVhhZg^c^5XdbjcZ# WgZcidc^Xd#ic#^i

8dc â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ â 8dbjcZ Y^ 7gZcidc^Xd ^ciZcYZ kVadgôoVgZ ^ \^dkVc^! gZcYZcYda^ egdiV\dc^hi^ hja iZggîdg^d Y^ ZheZg^ZcoZ h^\c^ÒXVi^kZ Y^ ÆXîiVY^cVcoV Vii^kVÇ! ViigVkZghd aV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ ZY â hjeedgid V^ hZgkô^ Zgd\Vi^ ZY VaaZ Vii^kî| egdedhiZ YV eVgiZ YZa" aÉ6bb^c^higVo^dcZ# AV kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ Z aÉdii^bôoVo^dcZ YZaaZ g^hdghZ egZhZci^ hja iZggîdg^d edhhd" cd ^c[Vii^! ^c egdheZii^kV! edgiVgZ VY jc b^\a^dgVbZcid YZa gVeedgid XîiVY^c^"hZgkô^! eZg g^hedcYZgZ V^ cjbZgdh^ Z Y^kZgh^ÒXVi^ W^hd\c^ ZhegZhh^ YVaaV XdaaZii^kî|! Xdc eVgi^XdaVgZ ViiZco^dcZ Z Xd^ckda\ZcYd bV\\^dgbZciZ aZ [VhXZ e^ YZWda^ YZaaV Xdbjcî|# CZa '%%. ]Vccd eVgiZXêVid Va egd\Ziid Æ>c[dgbVgZ! dg^ZciVgZ! V^jiVgZ eZg [Vg XgZhXZgZ aV XdbjcîVÇ :aZdcdgV 7jii^\a^dcZ Z KVaZci^cV EâVi^#

8DBJC: 9> 86A9DC6OOD

8=> H>6BD

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ 8VaYdcVood! :ciZ EjWWa^Xd AdXVaZ Xdc daigZ ('%% gZh^YZci^! jcÉ>hiîjo^dcZ X]Z! ^c WVhZ VaaZ ÒcVaî| YZa egdeg^d HiVijid! gî^ZcZ eg^dgîVg^V aV egdbdo^dcZ YZaaV Xja" ijgV Z YZaaZ kVg^Z ^cô^Vi^kZ Z bVc^[ZhiVo^dc^ V XVgViiZgZ XjaijgVaZ Z g^XgZVi^kd# :É bdaid hkâjeeViV aÉVii^kî| Y^ kdadciVg^Vid Xdc aV egZhZcoV Y^ daigZ )% VhhdX^Vo^dc^ deZgVci^ cZa 8dbjcZ X]Z egdbjdkdcd ^cô^Vi^kZ Z VeejciVbZci^ Y^ XVgViiZgZ XjaijgVaZ Z g^XgZVi^kd#

E^VooV Bjc^X^e^d! & (-%*' 8VaYdcVood IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& ,'(&'( [Vm %)+& ,')*)) 7^Wa^diZXV iZa %)+& ,')(-%

XdbjcZ5XdbjcZ#XVaYdcVood#ic#^i lll#XdbjcZ#XVaYdcVood#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ 8VaYdcVood ]V X]^Zhid Z diiZcjid aÉVXXgZYîVbZcid Z aÉ^hXgô^dcZ VaaÉVaWd YZaaV Egdk^cX^V 6jidcdbV Y^ IgZcid YZ\a^ :ci^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ CVo^dcVaZ Xdc ad hXded Y^ Xd^ckda\ZgZ ^ \^dkVc^ ^c egd\Zii^ XjaijgVa^ Z g^XgZVi^k^# >c eVgi^XdaVgZ aZ ZcZg\^Z YZ^ gV\Voo^ Z YZaaZ gV\VooZ edigVccd ZhhZgZ kVadgôoViZ cZaaV egd\gVbbVo^dcZ Z \Zhi^dcZ Y^ bVc^" [ZhiVo^dc^ Z dXXVh^dc^ XjaijgVa^ hdiid aV gZ\^V YZaaÉ6bb^c^higVo^dcZ 8dbjcVaZ Z igVbîZ â hjeedgid YZaaV 7^Wa^diZXV#

:aZcV 6cYgZViiV XVaYdcVood5W^Wa^d#^c[dic#^i

&+,

8DBJC: 9> 8:CI6 H6C C>8DADÉ

8=> H>6BD

K^V Bjc^X^e^d! ' (-%)% 8ZciV HVc C^Xda IC iZaZ[dcd %)+, ,'''') [Vm %)+, ,''',.

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ 8ZciV HVc C^Xda jc ZciZ ejWWa^Xd iZggîdg^VaZ YZaaV Egdk^cX^V Y^ IgZcid# :É hîjVid hjaaÉVaiê^Vcd YZaaV K^\daVcV Z h^ V[[VXX^V hja aV\d Y^ 8VaYdcVood! X]Z Y^hiV X^gXV kZci^ X]âdbZig^ YV IgZcid# CZaaÉVbWîd YZaaZ egdeg^Z XdbeZiZcoZ â 8dbjcZ ^beZ\cVid/ x cZaaÉVbW^ZciZ Z egdiZo^dcZ X^kâZ! XjgVcYd Z kVadgôoVcYd â WdhXd! ^ hZci^Zg^! â cjdkd eVgXd Ójk^VaZ hja idggZciZ 8ZciV! XVgViiZgôoVid YV eZgXdgh^ Y^YVii^X^! cVijgVa^hi^X^! hidg^X^ Z kZXX]^ bja^c^! egZh^Y^VcYd aÉVbe^d iZggîdg^d Z ^ bVh^0 x cZaaÉVhh^hiZcoV Xdc ^ciZgkZci^ V hdhiZ\cd YZaaV IZgoV :i| Jc^kZghî| YZaaV IZgoV :i|! <Zhi^dcZ 8VhV 6co^Vc^ ! YZ^ <^dkVc^ XgZVo^dcZ Y^ ÆHeVo^d \^dkVc^Ç YV \Zhi^gZ Z egdbjdkZgZ! Egd\Ziid <^dkVc^ Z Y^ XViZ\dg^Z heZX^Va^ 6o^dcZ &% 0 x cZaaÉVbWîd XjaijgVaZ! Xdc aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ jcV ^bedgiVciZ ^cô^Vi^kV Y^ g^hdcVcoV egdk^cX^VaZ/ â XdcXdghd aZiiZgVg^d! dgbV^ kZciZccVaZ! ÆAV ;^VWV Z â GVXXdcid Y^ CViVaZÇ0 x cZaaÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ cjbZgdh^ Xdgh^! aVWdgVidg^ g^XgZVi^k^" Y^YVii^X^! X^Xa^ Y^ Xdc[ZgZcoZ! ^cXdcig^! XdcXZgi^! cZaaÉVaaZhi^bZcid Y^ bdhigZ! egd^Zo^dc^ Y^ Òab! ZkZci^ [daàdg^hi^X^ ^bedgiVci^ ÆAV WVgZaV YZ 8VgcZkVaÇ! V EVhfjV Æ:a ajc^ YZ^ dk^Ç!½ 0 x cZaaV egdbdo^dcZ YZa a^Wgd Z YZaaV aZiijgV egZhhd aV W^Wa^diZXV XdbjcVaZ#

X#XZciVhVcc^Xdad5Xdbjc^# ^c[dic#^i lll#XdbjcZ#XZciVhVc^Xdad#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

8^co^V ;g^hVcXd Xh#[g^hVcXd5Va^XZ#^i

&+-

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ 8ZciV HVc C^Xda ]V dheîVid Xdci^cjVi^kVbZciZ! YVa &..* Òcd Va '%%%! ZheZg^ZcoZ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hdhiîji^kd YZaaV aZkV bâîVgZ! ^be^Z\VcYd \a^ dW^Ziidg^ cZ^ hZgkô^ XjaijgVa^ W^Wa^diZXV! Xdgh^ Y^ ^c[dgbVi^XV V^ \^dkVc^! Vhh^hiZcoV V^ Xdbeî^ ! hdX^Va^ egd\Zii^ Y^ hdhiZ\cd V\a^ Vco^Vc^ ! VbW^ZciVa^ kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZa iZggîdg^d # AÉVYZh^dcZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ gVeegZhZciV! eZgiVcid! jcV cjdkV iVeeV Y^ fjZhid eZgXdghd Y^ ViiZco^dcZ kZghd ^ \^dkVc^ YZ^ fjVa^ X^ h^ egdedcZ Y^ kVadgôoVgZ aZ fjVaî| Z aZ XdbeZiZcoZ cZaaÉVbWîd Y^ jcd hXVbW^d Z Y^ jcV XgZhXîV [dgbVi^kV ZY jbVcV gZXêgdXV# >a 8dbjcZ Y^ 8ZciV HVc C^Xda ^ciZcYZ egZhZciVgZ egd\Zii^ gZaVi^k^/ x VaaÉZYjXVo^dcZ Z egdbdo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ egd\Ziid Y^ ^cXdcigd VaaV aZiijgV YZ^ \^dkVc^! ^beaZbZciVo^dcZ YZa XdhigjZcYd hîd lZW YZa 8dbjcZ! Vc^bVo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ YZ^ gV\Voo^! egdbdo^dcZ YZa cjdkd HeVo^d \^dkVc^ Xdc ^cXdcig^! bjh^XV! Vii^kî| [dgbVi^kZ Z Y^ V\\gZ\Vo^dcZ! Xdc[ZgZcoZ! bdhigZ! ^cXdcig^ 0 x VaaÉZYjXVo^dcZ VbW^ZciVaZ Vii^kî| Y^ kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZa EVgXd ;ajk^VaZ YZa idggZciZ 8ZciV Xdc ^YZVo^dcZ! egd\ZiiVo^dcZ! ZhZXjo^dcZ Y^ aVWdgVidg^ Z eZgXdgh^ hjaaÉVbW^ZciZ ÓdgV! [VjcV! VXfjV ! hj^ bVcj[Vii^ hidg^X^ gZXjeZgVi^ XdbZ ^ bja^c^ Z \a^ dgi^! ^c gVeedgid VaaV g^hXdeZgiV YZaaZ igVYô^dc^ V\gd"VbW^ZciVa^ YZa iZggîdg^d 0 x YZa hdX^VaZ Vc^bVo^dcZ Z eVgiZXêVo^dcZ V egd\Zii^ eZg \^dkVc^! Vco^Vc^ Z VhhdX^Vo^dc^ Y^ kdadciVg^Vid #

8DBJC: 9> A6K6GDC:

8=> H>6BD

;gVo^dcZ <^dc\]^! &%, (-%)+ AVkVgdcZ IC iZaZ[dcd %)+) ,-(-('

aVkVgdcZ5W^Wa^d#^c[dic#^i lll#XdbjcZ#aVkVgdcZ#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

BdgZcV 7ZgidaY^ aVkVgdcZ5W^Wa^d#^c[dic#^i

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ AVkVgdcZ ]V dheîVid Xdci^cjVi^kVbZciZ! Òcd VaaV hjV hdheZch^dcZ! ZheZ" g^ZcoZ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hdhiîji^kd VaaV aZkV bâîVgZ! ^be^Z\VcYd \a^ dW^Ziidg^ cZ^ hZgkô^ XjaijgVa^ W^Wa^diZXV Z hdX^Va^ egd\Zii^ Y^ hdhiZ\cd V\a^ Vco^Vc^ # AÉVYZh^dcZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ KdadciVg^d gVeegZhZciV eZgiVcid jcV cjdkV iVeeV Y^ fjZhid eZgXdghd Y^ ViiZco^dcZ kZghd ^ \^dkVc^! YZ^ fjVa^ X^ h^ egdedcZ Y^ kVadgôoVgZ aZ fjVaî| Z aZ XdbeZiZcoZ cZaaÉVb" Wîd Y^ jcd hXVbW^d Z Y^ jcV XgZhXîV [dgbVi^kV ZY jbVcV gZXêgdX]Z# >c fjZhiÉdii^XV â 8dbjcZ Y^ AVkVgdcZ ^ciZcYZ egZhZciVgZ egd\Zii^ cZ\a^ VbWî^/ x YZa hdX^VaZ Vc^bVo^dcZ Z eVgiZXêVo^dcZ V egd\Zii^ g^\jVgYVci^ Vco^Vc^ Z \^dkVc^ 0 x YZaaÉZYjXVo^dcZ Z egdbdo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ egd\Zii^ Y^ egdbdo^dcZ YZa a^Wgd Z YZaaV aZi" ijgV ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ g^kdai^ V WVbW^c^ Z \^dkVc^! ZaVWdgVo^dcZ XdciZcji^ Z V\\^dgcVbZcid YZa hîd lZW YZaaV W^Wa^diZXV 0 x YZa eVig^bdc^d Vgi^hi^Xd Z XjaijgVaZ ^YZVo^dcZ! egd\ZiiVo^dcZ! ZhZXjo^dcZ Y^ aVWdgV" idg^ Y^YVii^X^ gZaVi^k^ VaaV Eg^bV \jZggV bdcY^VaZ Z aÉjhd YZaaZ [dci^ hidg^X]Z! ^YZVo^dcZ! egd\ZiiVo^dcZ ZY ZhZXjo^dcZ Y^ egd\Zii^ Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ " ^cXdcig^! Xdc[ZgZcoZ! VaaZhi^bZcid bdhigZ ZXX# # CZa '%%. ]Vccd eVgiZXêVid Va egd\Ziid ÆJcV W^Wa^diZXV eZg aV Xdbjcî|Ç ;gVcXZhXd 6ooda^c^ ZY :a^hV 7ZgidaY^#

&+.

8DBJC: 9> A:K>8D I:GB:

8=> H>6BD

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ AZk^Xd IZgbZ jcd YZ^ bV\\^dg^ XZcig^ YZaaV KVahj\VcV0 h^ ZhiZcYZ hj jcV hjeZgÒX^Z Y^ +'!-- `bf Xdc jcÉVaiîjY^cZ YV^ '%%'b YZaaV EVcVgdiiV V^ )'*b YZa [dcYdkVaaZ# DaigZ Va XZcigd Y^ AZk^Xd! â 8dbjcZ XdciV aZ [gVo^dc^ Y^ 8Vbe^Zaad Z KZig^dad! 7VgXd! HVciV <^ja^VcV Z FjVZgZ eZg XdbeaZhh^k^ ,#(%% VWîVci^ Va (& Y^XZbWgZ '%%-#

K^V BVgXdc^ + (-%*+ AZk^Xd IZgbZ IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& ,&%'(& [Vm %)+& ,%-*).

Vii^kîVZXdcdb^X]ZhdX^Va^5 XdbjcZ#aZk^Xd"iZgbZ#ic#î lll#XdbjcZ#aZk^Xd"iZgbZ#ic#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

GdWZgid IgZci^c igZci^cgdWZgid5XdbjcZ#aZk^Xd" iZgbZ#ic#^i

&,%

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ AZk^Xd IZgbZ gî^ZcZ Y^ egZkZYZgZ aÉ^be^Z\d Y^ \^dkVc^ ^c hZgkô^d X^kâZ Va ÒcZ Y^ d[[g^gZ jcÉZheZg^ZcoV X]Z Xdcig^Wj^hXV VaaV adgd [dgbVo^dcZ X^k^XV! hdX^VaZ! XjaijgVaZ Z egd[Zhh^dcVaZ cdcX] VaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ Vii^kî| ^ciZ\gVi^kZ g^heZiid V fjZaaZ cdgbVabZciZ gZVaôoViZ YV\a^ j[ÒX^ Z YV^ hZgkô^ XdbjcVa^# EgZkZYZ aV egZhZciVo^dcZ Z \Zhi^dcZ Y^ egd\Zii^ Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ eZg â Xd^ckda\^bZcid Z aV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ Y^ \^dkVc^ gV\Voo^ Z gV\VooZ ^c Vii^kî| Y^ egdbdo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ! ZYjXVo^dcZ! hVakV\jVgY^V Z [gjô^dcZ YZa eVig^bdc^d Vgi^hi^Xd! hidg^Xd! YdXjbZciVg^d Z hZiidgZ \^dkVc^#

8DBJC: 9> E:G<>C: K6AHJ<6C6

8=> H>6BD

E^VooV Bjc^X^e^d! , (-%*, EZg\^cZ KVahj\VcV IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& *%'(*&

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ EZg\^cZ KVahj\VcV gVeegZhZciV jc ZciZ ejWWa^Xd iZggîdg^VaZ e^jiidhid Vbe^d# H^ igViiV! ^c[Vii^! YZa iZgod XdbjcZ IgZci^cd e^ \gVcYZ eZg cjbZgd Y^ VWîVci^! X^gXV '%#%%%! hîjVid ^c jcV odcV \Zd\gVÒXV higViZ\^XV# H^ igdkV V edX]^ X]âdbZig^ YVa XVedajd\d IgZcid! ^c jcV kVaaZ X]Z k^V Y^ Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ igV IgZci^cd Z KZcZid# :É jc XdbjcZ eVgi^XdaVgbZciZ Vii^kd YVa ejcid Y^ k^hiV hdX^VaZ Z XjaijgVaZ! hdcd egZhZci^ ^c[Vii^ cjbZgdhZ VhhdX^Vo^dc^ XjaijgVa^! ZYjXVi^kZ! iZVigVa^! hdX^Va^! Y^ kdadciVg^Vid! hXdji X]Z gZcYdcd aV e^XXdaV XîiVY^cV jc ajd\d VXXd\a^ZciZ! Y^cVb^Xd Z hi^bdaVciZ# CZ\a^ jai^b^ Vcc^ â 8dbjcZ hiV hkâjeeVcYd edaî^X]Z eZg aV [Vb^\a^V Z ^ \^dkVc^ [dgcZcYd hZgkô^ V^ XîiVY^c^ Z egdedcZcYd Vii^kî| Y^ hkV\d Z Y^kZgi^bZcid eZg d\c^ iVg\Zi# EZg ^ \^dkVc^! ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ! hiVid Vii^kVid jc 8Zcigd <^dkVc^ X]Z Y^kZciVid ejcid Y^ g^[Zg^bZcid eZg bdai^ gV\Voo^ X]Z VWîVcd ^c fjZhiV odcV Z X]Z d[[gZ Vii^kî| Y^ d\c^ iêd/ ZhXjgh^dc^ Zhi^kZ! hdhiZ\cd hXdaVhi^Xd! aVWdgVidg^ iZbVi^X^! ^cô^Vi^kZ Y^ hkV\d! ZXX# >a 8dbjcZ Y^ EZg\^cZ hiVid [gV ^ eg^b^ VY VYZg^gZ Va E^Vcd <^dkVc^ Y^ OdcV ZY dgV h^ hiV Vii^kVcYd VcX]Z eZg diiZcZgZ aÉVXXgZYîVbZcid eZg VXXd\a^ZgZ gV\Voo^ YZa HZgkô^d KdadciVg^d :jgdeZd#

hdX^VaZ5XdbjcZ#eZg\^cZ#ic#^i lll#XdbjcZ#eZg\^cZ#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

;gVcXZhXV EVgdaVg^ [gVcXZhXV#eVgdaVg^5XdbjcZ# eZg\^cZ#ic#^i

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ EZg\^cZ KVahj\VcV ^beZ\cVid YV iZbed cZaaÉ^cY^k^YjVgZ! Vhh^ZbZ V^ \^dkVc^ YZa egdeg^d iZggîdg^d! bdY^ Z eZgXdgh^ Y^ gZhedchVWâôoVo^dcZ X]Z ed\\^Vcd hj jcV YZÒcô^dcZ edhî^kV YZaaÉZi| \^dkVcZ Z X]Z ejciVcd V hdhiZcZgZ â egdiV\dc^hbd YZ^ \^dkVc^ Z â hdhiZ\cd VaaZ adgd XdbeZiZcoZ ^c jcV [VhZ Y^[ÒXâZ Y^ eVhhV\\^d kZghd aV XîiVY^cVcoV e^ZcV# AÉd[[ZgiV YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ h^ ^chZg^hXZ V e^Zcd iîdad ^c fjZhid eZgXdghd# AÉVaigV bdi^kVo^dcZ [dcYVciZ X]Z he^c\Z â 8dbjcZ Y^ EZg\^cZ KVahj\VcV VY VYZg^gZ VaaV egdedhiV Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ aV [dgiZ XVgViiZgôoVo^dcZ Zi^XV X]Z eZgbZV iVaZ deedgijcî|# 8dcXZii^ fjVa^ hda^YVg^Zi| hdX^VaZ! [dgbVo^dcZ X^k^XV! hda^YVg^Zi| Z XddeZgVo^dcZ cZ^ g^\jVgY^ YZaaV ijiZaV YZ^ Y^gîi^ YZaaV eZghdcV hdcd ZaZbZci^ ZhhZco^Va^ cZaaÉZaVWdgVo^dcZ Y^ edaî^X]Z \^dkVcâ^ X]Z cdc ]Vccd XdbZ jc^XV ÒcVaî| ad hkV\d ZY â Y^kZgi^bZcid! bV X]Z b^gVcd hdegViijiid V hdhiZcZgZ aV XgZhXîV Y^ XîiVY^c^ XdchVeZkda^ Z bVijg^#

&,&

8DBJC: 9> GDK:G:ID ,,

8=> H>6BD

E^VooV EdYZhi|! && (-%+- GdkZgZid IC

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ GdkZgZid! hîjVid cZa XdbegZchdg^d YZaaV KVaaV\Vg^cV! jc ZciZ ejWWa^Xd iZggîdg^VaZ Z gVeegZhZciV â hZXdcYd 8dbjcZ YZaaV Egdk^cX^V 6jidcdbV Y^ IgZcid eZg ed" edaVo^dcZ gZh^YZciZ (( bâV VWîVci^ Z hjeZgÒX^Z YZa egdeg^d iZggîdg^d# AÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ Vbb^c^higVi^kV YZa XdbjcZ h^ ^he^gV V^ eg^cXê^ YZaaV ^beVgo^Vaî|! YZaaV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ! YZaaV gZhedchVWâî|! YZaaV hZbea^Xî|! YZaaV igVheVgZcoV YZaaZ egdXZYjgZ Z YZaaÉZ[ÒX^ZcoV YZ^ hZgkô^ ZY ]V fjVaZ dW^Zii^kd jai^bd! â hdYY^h[VX^bZcid YZaaZ Zh^\ZcoZ YZaaV Xdbj" cî| XîiVY^cV# AV YZcdb^cVo^dcZ g^hVaZ VaaV idedcdbVhi^XV gdbVcV ÆGdWdgZijbÇ! dhh^V hZakV Y^ fjZgXZ! VaWZgd X]Z VWWdcYV cZaaV kVaaZ ZY Z[Ò\^Z YZaad hiZbbV XdbjcVaZ#

iZaZ[dcd %)+) )*'&&&

lll#XdbjcZ#gdkZgZid#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

EVdaV 7gjhVedgXd WgjhVedgXdeVdaV5XdbjcZ# gdkZgZid#ic#^i

&,'

AÉZheZg^ZcoV YZa 8dbjcZ Y^ GdkZgZid g^\jVgYd Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ g^hVaZ Va &.-* Xdc aÉ^b" e^Z\d Y^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaZ Vii^kî| hdX^Va^! XjaijgVa^ Z Y^ egZkZco^dcZ YZa Y^hV\^d \^dkVcâZ ZY YZaaÉZbVg\^cVo^dcZ hdX^VaZ# AÉ6bb^c^higVo^dcZ 8dbjcVaZ d[[gZ V^ \^dkVc^ aÉdeedgijcî| Y^ eVgiZXêVgZ V^ egdeg^ egd" \Zii^ cZ\a^ VbWî^ YZaaÉVhh^hiZcoV Z YZaaV XjaijgV#

8DBJC: 9> IG:CID

8=> H>6BD

K^V 7ZaZcoVc^! &. (-&'' IgZcid

iZaZ[dcd %)+& --)')%"'(*%+'

lll#igZcid\^dkVc^#^i lll#XdbjcZ#igZcid#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

GdhVccV LZ\]Zg

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ IgZcid h^ ^beZ\cVid cZaaÉVXXd\a^ZcoV Y^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ViigV" kZghd egd\Zii^ kdai^ V Xdhiîj^gZ deedgijcî| Y^ hdX^VaôoVo^dcZ! XgZVi^kî|! egd\ZiijVaî| Z [dgbVo^dcZ# Egd\Zii^ XVeVX^ Y^ egdbjdkZgZ jcV XjaijgV YZaaV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ Z YZaaV Xî" iVY^cVcoV Vii^kV! Y^ hdhiZcZgZ ^ eZgXdgh^ Y^ XgZhXîV eZghdcVaZ Z egd[Zhh^dcVaZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ Z Y^ ^cigdYjggZ ZaZbZci^ ^ccdkVi^k^ Z Y^ fjVaî|! cZaaÉVo^dcZ YZaaÉ6bb^c^higVo^dcZ# CZa '%%. ]Vccd eVgiZXêVid Va egd\Ziid Æ* \^dkVc^ eZg jc iZVb XgZ6ii^kd/Vc^bVo^dcZ Z hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ V b^hjgV Y^ WVbW^cd5Ç HVgV 6bWgdh^! BVhh^bâ^Vcd 9ZXVga^! BVhh^b^" a^Vcd ;ZaaZg! 6aZhhVcYgd EZg^c^ Z 8]^VgV OVbW^Vh^0 Æ<^dkVc^ XgZVi^k^ eZg Xdbjc^XVgZ aV Xîi| V^ \^dkVc^Ç ?VXded 6aÒZg^! HjhVccV 8VaYdcVoo^ Z 8dhiVcoV <VgVkZaa^#

j[ÒX^dTedaî^X]Z\^dkVcâ^5Xdbj" cZ#igZcid#î

&,(

8DBJC: 9> K><DAD K6II6GD

8=> H>6BD

E^VooV YZa Ededad . (-%,. K^\dad KViiVgd IC

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ K^\dad KViiVgd hîjVid hjaaÉ6aiê^Vcd YZaaV K^\daVcV V fjdiV ,.' b h#a#b# igV ^ XdcigV[[dgi^ YZaaV BVgodaV &,(- b Z YZaaV K^\daVcV '#&*% b # AÉVWîVid Ydb^cVid YV 8VhiZa K^\dad hja kZghVciZ Zhi YZa bdciZ BVgodaV Y^ Xj^ XdchZgkViV egZhhd aÉ6gX]^k^d Y^ HiVid Y^ IgZcid aV Æ8VgiV Y^ 8VhiZa K^\dadÇ g^hVaZciZ Va &'&) cZaaV fjVaZ h^ hVcX^hXZ aÉ^beZ\cd [gV Æ\a^ jdb^c^ Y^ K^\dadÇ ZY â kZhXdkd KVc\V eZg aV iZcjiV YZa XVhiZaad hiZhhd# >a 8dbjcZ Y^ K^\dad KViiVgd jc eVZhZ V [dgiZ kdXVo^dcZ V\g^XdaV#

iZaZ[dcd %)+& -)--&' [Vm %)+& -)*%%'

hZ\gZiZg^V5XdbjcZ#k^\dad" kViiVgd#ic#^i lll#XdbjcZ#k^\dadkViiVgd#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

;gVcXV G^\dii^ [gVcXV#g^\dii^5W^Wa^d#^c[dic#^i

&,)

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ K^\dad KViiVgd kVciV jcÉVbe^V ZheZg^ZcoV cZaaÉVbWîd YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ X]Z g^hVaZ Va &.-+ Xdc aÉ^be^Z\d YZ\a^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV egZhhd aV 7^Wa^diZXV >ciZgXdbjcVaZ Y^ K^\dad KViiVgd# 9^ fjZaaÉZedXV VcXdgV Vii^kd â [Zhi^kVa Y^ bjh^XV YV XVbZgV Æ:hiViZ ^c bjh^XVÇ cVid YVaaÉ^beZ\cd Z YVaaV egdedhiV YZ\a^ VaadgV dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV# AÉ6bb^c^higVo^dcZ XdbjcVaZ! ^cdaigZ! ]V egdbdhhd Z edgiVid VkVci^ aZ edaî^X]Z \^dkVcâ^ hjaaÉ6aiê^Vcd YZaaV K^\daVcV fjVaZ dXXVh^dcZ egdedhî^kV Z [dgbVi^kV eZg ^ \^dkVc^# >c fjZhid XdciZhid h^ ^ccZhiV aÉVYZh^dcZ YZa 8dbjcZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ CVo^dcVaZ Xdc aÉ^ciZco^dcZ Y^ egdbjdkZgZ jaiZg^dgbZciZ aZ Vo^dc^ cZ^ Xdc[gdci^ YZ^ \^dkVc^ ^c jcÉdii^XV Y^ hXVbW^d Z XgZhXîV XdbjcZ

8DBJC>I¿ 9> EG>B>:GD

8=> H>6BD

K^V GdbV! &. (-%*) IdcVY^Xd IC

AV 8dbjcî| Y^ Eg^bZ^gd jc ZciZ ^hiîjîd YVaaV Egdk^cX^V 6jidcdbV Y^ IgZcid cZa &.+) XdbZ Xdchdgo^d Y^ 8dbjc^0 Y^kZciVid cZa &.,( :ciZ Y^ Y^gîid ejWWa^Xd hkda\ZcYd VcX]Z ijiiZ aZ Vii^kî| gZaVi^kZ VaaZ Xdbjcî| bdciVcZ# CZa &.-& aV Y^hXêa^cV gZaVi^kV V fjZhi^ Zci^ hiViV ^ciZ\gViV Z hjXXZhh^kVbZciZ g^Y^bZch^dcViV# 6iijVabZciZ A 8dbjcî| ZhZgXîV [jco^dc^ V[ÒYViZ YV^ 8dbjc^! daigZ V fjZaaZ Viig^WjîZ d YZaZ\ViZ YV aZ\\^ egdk^cX^Va^# ;^cVaî| YZaaV 8dbjcî| [Vkdg^gZ â hZchd Y^ VeeVgiZcZcoV YZaaZ ededaVo^dc^ ^cY^k^YjVcYd YZ\a^ ^ciZgZhh^ Z dW^Zii^k^ egdeg^ VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZaaV Xdbjcî| egdk^cX^VaZ#

iZaZ[dcd %)(. +)+)&

^c[d5eg^b^Zgd#ic#^i lll#eg^b^Zgd#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

HiZ[Vc^V IgdiiZg hiZ[Vc^V#igdiiZg5eg^b^Zgd#ic#^i

AV 8dbjcî| VYZg^hXZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ^c fjVcid ]V bVijgVid ZheZg^ZcoZ edhî^kZ XdaaVWdgVcYd Xdc \a^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV YVa &.-* Vii^kV XdckZco^dcZ eZg c# ( edhi^ Z Òcd Va '%%*! Vccd ^c Xj^! XZhhVid â hZgkô^d Y^ aZkV! VjidbVi^XVbZciZ kZcjiV V XVYZgZ aV XdckZco^dcZ # 6iijVabZciZ aV 8dbjcî| ]V VeZgid jc XZcigd YZcdb^cVid ÆAZ GZi^Ç " ejcid Y^ VhXdaid eZg â XîiVY^cd " ^c ViijVo^dcZ YZaaÉVgi# )* A#E# c# &($'%%,! Vjhe^XVcYd aV heZg^bZciVo^dcZ V a^kZaad adXVaZ Y^ jc bdYZaad ^ciZ\gVid Y^ hZgkô^! g^hdghZ Z deedgijcî| egZhZci^ hja iZggîdg^d# AV ÒcVaî| fjZaaV Y^ XgZVgZ ^ egZhjeedhi^ YZaaÉ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ hdX^VaZ! YZaaV XdZh^dcZ Z YZaad hiVg WZcZ ^cY^k^YjVaZ Z XdaaZii^kd! egdbjdkZcYd aV XgZhXîV Z aV gZhedchVWâôoVo^dcZ YZaaV Xdbjcî|! Vkk^X^cVcYd ^ XîiVY^c^ VaaÉ>hiîjo^dcZ# >c fjZhid XdciZhid aV 8dbjcî| gî^ZcZ ^bedgiVciZ ^chZg^gZ \^dkVc^ bdi^kVi^ V XdaaVWdgVgZ cZaaV \Zhi^dcZ YZaaÉ^cô^Vi^kV! Xdcig^WjZcYd VY VjbZciVgZ aV fjVaî| Z aV fjVciî| YZaaZ deedgijcî| d[[ZgiZ! hdegViijiid cZaaÉVbWîd YZ\a^ ^ciZgkZci^ gZVaôoVi^ V [VkdgZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ Z YZaaZ [Vb^\a^Z! iZcZcYd Xdcid YZaaZ VheZiiVi^kZ Z kVadgôoVcYd aZ XdbeZiZcoZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ hiZhh^#

&,*

8DC#HDA>96 " 8dc[XddeZgVi^kZ$;ZYZghda^YVg^Zi|

8=> H>6BD

7gZccZgd! ')+ X$d Ig^YZciZ ) (-&'& IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& '(*,'( [Vm %)+& '(,&++

>a h^hiZbV YZaaZ XddeZgVi^kZ hdX^Va^ ;ZYZghda^YVg^Zi|$8dc[XddeZgVi^kZ g^XdcdhXZ XdbZ hjV ÒcVaî| â WZcZhhZgZ YZaaV Xdbjcî|! dkkZgd Y^ ijii^ \a^ ^cY^k^Yj^ X]Z cZ [Vccd eVgiZ# >cY^k^Yj^ XVgViiZgôoVi^ YV jcV egdeg^V hidg^V! YV XVeVXî| heZX^ÒX]Z! YV VheZiiVi^kZ Z W^hd\c^ Y^kZgh^# D\cjcd! YjcfjZ! ej Xdcig^Wj^gZ Va WZcZhhZgZ YZaaV XdaaZii^kî| edgiVcYd aV g^XX]ZooV YZaaV egdeg^V ^YZciî| Z YZaaV egdeg^V ZheZg^ZcoV# EZghZ\j^gZ â WZcZhhZgZ YZaaV Xdbjcî| h^\c^ÒXV cdc hdad dg\VcôoVgZ hZgkô^ aVYYdkZ egZhZciZ jcV YdbVcYV! bV hdegViijiid XgZVgZ Z hdhiZcZgZ aZ XdcYô^dc^ V[ÒcX] aV Xdbjcî| hiZhhV g^XZgX]^ aZ hdajo^dc^ V^ W^hd\c^ X]Z ^c ZhhV ZbZg\dcd! ViigVkZghd jcd hXVbW^d eVgîVg^d [gV ^ XîiVY^c^# 8dc#Hda^YV# Vhh^XjgV VaaZ XddeZgVi^kZ VYZgZci^ â Xdchdgo^d ^ hZgkô^ cZXZhhVg^ eZg aV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ XdbZ/ egd\ZiiVo^dcZ! [dgbVo^dcZ! hZaZo^dcZ! ijidgV\\^d! Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ! bdcîdgV\\^d#

Xdchda^YV5Xdchda^YV#^i lll#Xdchda^YV#Xdde

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

6cYgZV ;ZggVcY^ VcYgZV#[ZggVcY^5Xdchda^YV#^i

&,+

K^kZgZ jcÉZheZg^ZcoV Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egZhhd aZ 8ddeZgVi^kZ HdX^Va^ XdchZciZ V^ kdadciVg^ Y^ Xdc^j\VgZ \a^ VheZii^ Z aZ bdi^kVo^dc^ hdX^Va^ Z hda^YVg^hi^X]Z Xdc jcÉZheZg^ZcoV jiâZ eZg VXfj^h^gZ heZX^ÒX]Z XdcdhXZcoZ Z XdbeZiZcoZ ^c VaXjc^ VbWî^ egd[Zhh^dcVa^# AÉVbWîd Y^ ^be^Z\d egZhhd 8dc#Hda^YV a^bîVid VaaV egdbdo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ ZY ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ VaaV Y^[[jh^dcZ YZaaV egdheZii^kV XddeZgVi^kV cZaaV Xdbjcî| igZci^cV# CZa '%%. ]Vccd eVgiZXêVid Va egd\Ziid Æ:YjXVgZ Z egdbjdkZgZ aV hdX^Vaî|Ç B^g^Vb 7gVco! C^XdaV Gôo^ Z HdbV K^h^ciV^cZg#

8DCH><A>D EGDK>C8>6A: Y^ IG:CID

;dgjb IgZci^cd eZg aV EVXZ Z ^ 9^g^ii^ JbVc^

8=> H>6BD

X$d 8dch^\a^d Egdk^cX^VaZ <VaaZg^V <VgWVg^! &' (-&'' IgZcid

;dgjb IgZci^cd eZg aV EVXZ Z ^ Y^gîi^ jbVc^ jc dg\Vcd eZgbVcZciZ Y^ Xj^ â 8dch^\a^d YZaaV Egdk^cX^V VjidcdbV Y^ IgZcid ]V YZX^hd Y^ YdiVgh^ cZa &..&! eZg egdbjdkZgZ Z Y^[[dcYZgZ Xdci^cjVi^kVbZciZ aV ÆXjaijgV YZaaV eVXZÇ! g^XdcdhXZcYd cZaaV eVXZ jc Y^gîid [dcYVbZciVaZ Y^ jdb^c^! XjaijgZ Z iZggîdg^# >a ;dgjb Xdhiîjîd YV Y^kZgh^ dg\Vc^/ aÉ6hhZbWaZV YZa ;dgjb! XdbedhiV YV gVeegZhZciVci^ YZaaZ bdaiZ VhhdX^Vo^dc^ X]Z [Vccd eVgiZ YZa ;dgjb Z YV gVeegZhZciVci^ YZa 8dch^\a^d Egdk^cX^VaZ Z YZa bdcYd ^hiîjo^dcVaZ jc^kZghî|! bjhZ^! ZXX# 0 â 8dch^\a^d eZg aV eVXZ Z â egZh^YZciZ YZa ;dgjb# >a ;dgjb aVkdgV V XdciViid Xdc aZ hXjdaZ! Xdc \a^ Zci^ adXVa^! Xdc aZ VhhdX^Vo^dc^! gZcYZcYdh^ edciZ igV ^ Y^kZgh^ bdcY^#

iZaZ[dcd %)+& '&(&,+ [Vm %)+& '&(&*& [dgjb#eVXZ5Xdch^\a^d#egdk^cX^V# ic#^i lll#[dgjbeVXZ#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

;gVcXZhXV OZc^ [gVcXZhXV#oZc^5[dgjbeVXZ#^i

>a ;dgjb IgZci^cd eZg aV EVXZ Z ^ Y^gîi^ jbVc^ hkda\Z YV &- Vcc^ jc gjdad Vii^kd Y^ egdbdo^dcZ Z Veegd[dcY^bZcid YZaaZ iZbVi^X]Z aZ\ViZ VaaV XdcdhXZcoV Z egdbdo^dcZ YZ^ Y^gîi^ Ä d\c^ \ZcZgVo^dcZ Y^ Y^gîi^ Ä! YZaaV XjaijgV YZaaV eVXZ! YZaaV cdck^daZcoV! YZa g^heZiid YZaaÉVbW^ZciZ Z Y^ d\c^ Y^kZghî|# 6ii^kd YV Vcc^ cZaaÉZYjXVo^dcZ YZ^ e^ \^dkVc^! â ;dgjb IgZci^cd eZg aV EVXZ Z ^ Y^gîi^ jbVc^ VYZg^hXZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ eZg kVadgôoVgZ aV XgZVi^kî| Z aÉVeedgid [dcYVbZciVaZ X]Z gV\VooZ Z gV\Voo^ edhhdcd YVgZ cZaaV egd\ZiiVo^dcZ Z ViijVo^dcZ YZ^ aVkdg^ YZ\a^ Vcc^ egdhh^b^! X]Z h^ ^cXZcigZgVccd hj/ dg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ ZkZci^! ^YZVo^dcZ Y^ eZgXdgh^ [dgbVi^k^ hjaaV \Zhi^dcZ YZa XdcÓîid Z XddgY^cVbZcid Xdc \a^ Zci^ adXVa^ hj ijiid â iZggîdg^d egdk^cX^VaZ! kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZaaZ g^hdghZ W^Wa^d\gVÒX]Z YZa ;dgjb! dg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ Vii^kî|! V\\^dgcVbZcid Z bZiVbdg[dh^ YZ\a^ higjbZci^ Y^ Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ YZa ;dgjb# AZ Vii^kî| hkdaiZ eZgbZiiZgVccd Y^ XdbegZcYZgZ â kVadgZ YZaaV egd\ZiiVo^dcZ XdcY^k^hV Z Y^ Veegd[dcY^gZ iZb^ X]^VkZ YZaaV XdciZbedgVcZî|#

&,,

8DCHDGO>D IJG>HI>8D EGD AD8D K6A G:C9:C6

8=> H>6BD

K^V HVc K^\^a^d & (-%-- He^Vood IC iZaZ[dcd$[Vm %)+* -%&*)) XZaa ((* ,-()(')

>a 8dchdgo^d Ijg^hi^Xd Egd AdXd KVa GZcYZcV! Xdhiîjîdh^ cZa hZiiZbWgZ '%%+! aÉjc^dcZ YZaaZ &) egd adXd YZaaV KVaaZ dkkZgd/ KâaV GZcYZcV! 9Vg ! K^\d GZcYZcV! EZaj\d! He^Vood! 7dXZcV\d! HigZbWd! 8VYZgodcZ! BVhh^bZcd! <^jhi^cd! E^codad! 8Vg^hdad! HVciÉ6cidc^d Y^ BVk^\cdaV Z BVYdccV Y^ 8Vbe^\a^d# DaigZ VaaZ Egd AdXd [Vccd eVgiZ YZaaÉVhhZbWaZV YZa 8dchdgo^d ijii^ ^ 8dbjc^! â EVgXd CVijgVaZ 6YVbZaad 7gZciV Z aÉ6#E#I# BVYdccV Y^ 8Vbe^\a^d"E^codad"KVa GZcYZcV# AV hZYZ YZa 8dchdo^d V He^Vood ZY ]V jc j[ÒX^d VeZgid ijiid aÉVccd Xdc jcV egdeg^V YêZcYZciZ! X]Z \VgVci^hXZ VcX]Z jc hZgkô^d Y^ ^c[dgbVo^dcZ ijg^hi^XV# >a 8dchdgo^d Ijg^hi^Xd Egd AdXd KVa GZcYZcV cVid Xdc ad hXded Y^ YVgZ hjeedgid Z XddgY^cVbZcid VaaZ egd adXd YZaaV KVaaZ! XZgXVcYd Y^ XgZVgZ jc^dcZ Z h^cZg\^V igV aZ VhhdX^Vo^dc^ X]Z deZgVcd cZa hZiidgZ ijg^hi^Xd# AÉVbWîd iZggîdg^VaZ YdkZ deZgV â 8dchdgo^d ijiiV aV KVa GZcYZcV! YdkZ ^c XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc aZ h^c\daZ egd adXd XgZV Z dg\VcôoV ZkZci^ Y^ fjVaî|#

^c[d5egdadXdkVagZcYZcV#^i lll#Xdchdgo^dkVagZcYZcV#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

9Vc^ZaV 8]Zh^ ^c[d5egdadXdkVagZcYZcV#^i

&,-

>a 8dchdgo^d ]V XdbZ dW^Zii^kd Y^ hkâjeeVgZ jaiZg^dgbZciZ â hZiidgZ ijg^hi^Xd"XjaijgVaZ YZaaV KVaaZ ZhVaiVcYd ^ eZgXdgh^ YZaaÉVgiZ Z bjhZVa^ egZhZci^ ^c adXd# 6 fjZhid hXded ]V gîZcjid ^bedgiVciZ eVgiZXêVgZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ^c bdYd YV ^chZg^gZ ^ \^dkVc^ ^c jc egd\Ziid Y^ g^XZgXV! hijY^d! Z kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZaaZ hjYYZiiZ gZVai|# >c eVgi^XdaVgZ! ad hXdghd Vccd VaXjc^ ZkZci^ hjaaV <gVcYZ <jZggV! ]Vccd Xd^ckdaid aÉ^ciZgV KVa GZcYZcV# D\c^ h^c\daV egd adXd! Xdc â XddgY^cVbZcid YZa 8dchdgo^d! X]Z [jc\ZkV YV gZ\^V! ]V gZVaôoVid cZa egdeg^d eVZhZ jcV bVc^[ZhiVo^dcZ aZ\ViV Va iZbV YZa .% Vcc^kZghVg^d YZaaV ÒcZ YZaaV <gVcYZ <jZggV# <a^ ZkZci^ ]Vccd heVo^Vid YV bdhigZ! hZb^cVg^! gVeegZhZciVo^dc^ iZVigVa^! k^hîZ \j^YViZ! ZhXjgh^dc^ hj^ ajd\]^ ^ciZgZhhVi^ YVaaÉZkZcid WZaa^Xd! eZg iZgb^cVgZ Xdc jcV g^ZkdXVo^dcZ ^c XdhijbZ dg^\^cVaZ YÉZedXV hjaaV kîV cZ^ eVZh^ YjgVciZ â XdcÓîid#

8=> H>6BD

K^V OVbWgV! && (-&'& IgZcid

iZaZ[dcd %)+& )%,%'%

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

:9JH jcÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ ^hXgîiV VaaÉ6aWd Egdk^cX^VaZ 6hhdX^Vo^dc^ Y^ KdadciVg^Vid YZaaV E6I hZcoV hXded Y^ ajXgd! XdhiîjîV cZa '%%(! X]Z Xdci^cjV â aVkdgd Z aÉ^beZ\cd YZaaÉVh" hdX^Vo^dcZ 6KH> IgZcid! XdhiîjîV â &- [ZWWgV^d &..(# :9JH deZgV cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaV XddeZgVo^dcZ ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ! ^beZ\cVcYdh^ egZkVaZciZ" bZciZ cZ^ hZiidg^ YZaaV [dgbVo^dcZ hXdaVhi^XV! egd[Zhh^dcVaZ Z YZaaÉVhh^hiZcoV hdX^VaZ! eg^kâZ\^VcYd \a^ ^ciZgkZci^ V [VkdgZ YZaaÉ^c[Vco^V Z YZaaÉVYdaZhXZcoV# AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ VYZg^hXZ Va cZildg` 6KH> >CI:GC6I>DC6A YZa fjVaZ [Vccd eVgiZ ') hd\\Zii^ [gV VhhdX^Vo^dc^ Z DC< Y^ eVZh^ ZjgdeZ^! V[g^XVc^! aVi^cdVbZg^XVc^ X]Z XdaaVWdgVcd VaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ egd\Zii^ Y^ hkâjeed Z Y^ XVbeV\cZ Y^ hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ hjaaZ iZbVi^X]Z ^cZgZci^ ad hkâjeed YZ^ EKH# :9JH deZgV eZg egdbjdkZgZ ad hkâjeed jbVcd cZ^ eVZh^ edkZg^ hjaaV hX^V YZaaÉ^chZ" \cVbZcid YZaaV 9diig^cV HdX^VaZ 8Viida^XV Xdc eVgi^XdaVgZ ViiZco^dcZ VaaÉZYjXVo^dcZ Z VaaV egdbdo^dcZ YZaaV Y^\cî| YZaaV eZghdcV jbVcV ^c ijiiZ aZ hjZ ZhegZhh^dc^# 6Y d\\^ ]V gZVaôoVid '- egd\Zii^ Y^ XddeZgVo^dcZ Z ViijVabZciZ deZgV ^c 7gVhâZ! @dhdkd! H^ZggV AZdcZ#

AV bdi^kVo^dcZ eg^cXêVaZ X]Z ]V he^cid aÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ VY VYZg^gZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hiViV aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ ediZg Xd^ckda\ZgZ ^ \^dkVc^ ^ciZgZhhVi^ VY VXfj^h^gZ jcV Xdhigjii^kV ZheZg^ZcoV! h^V egd[Zhh^dcVaZ X]Z jbVcV! cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaV 8ddeZgVo^dcZ ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ# BdaiZ hdcd aZ eZghdcZ X]Z X^ X]^ZYdcd Y^ ediZg XdaaVWdgVgZ Xdc :9JH^! bV Òcd VY d\\^ aZ a^bîViZ g^hdghZ ZXdcdb^X]Z ]Vccd hZbegZ ^beZYîd Y^ ediZg g^hedcYZgZ edhî^kVbZciZ# IgVbîZ â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egZhZciZgVccd bV\\^dg^ edhh^Wâî| Y^ XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ igV ^ \^dkVc^ Z aÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ#

&,.

:CI: E6G8D E6C:K:<<>D " E6A: 9> H6C B6GI>CD

8=> H>6BD

AdXVa^i| 8VhiZae^ZigV ' (-%*) IdcVY^Xd IC iZaZ[dcd %)(. +)-*) [Vm %)(. ,+')&.

^c[d5eVgXdeVc#dg\ lll#eVgXdeVc#dg\

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

&-%

Ad hXded YZa eVgXd EVcZkZ\\^d " EVaZ Y^ HVc BVgi^cd aV ijiZaV YZaaZ XVgViiZg^hi^X]Z cVijgVa^ Z VbW^ZciVa^! aV egdbdo^dcZ YZaad hijY^d hX^Zci^ÒXd Z aÉjhd hdX^VaZ YZ^ WZc^ VbW^ZciVa^# >a EVgXd h^ hkâjeeV egZkVaZciZbZciZ ^c iZggîdg^d bdciVcd Xdc fjdiZ \ZcZgVabZciZ hjeZg^dg^ V^ &*%% bZig^ Z ^ciZgZhhV jcV hjeZgÒX^Z Y^ &.#,&,!)+ ZiiVg^# >a iZggîdg^d YZa EVgXd CVijgVaZ EVcZkZ\\^d EVaZ Y^ HVc BVgi^cd hîjVid cZaaZ 6ae^ Dg^ZciVa^ 9dadbî^ IgZci^cd Dg^ZciVaZ Z h^ hkâjeeV ^cidgcd V^ WVX^c^ ^Ygd\gVÒX^ YZ^ idggZci^ 8^hbdc! KVcd^ Z IgVk^\cdad! XdbegZcYZcYd aV KVa KZcZ\^V! aV ;dgZhiV Y^ EVcZkZ\\^d! jcÉVbe^V edgo^dcZ YZa <gjeed YZaaZ EVaZ Y^ HVc BVgi^cd! aÉZhigZbî| dg^ZciVaZ YZaaV XViZcV YZa AV\dgV^ Z jcV eVgiZ YZaaV XViZcV Ajh^V " 8^bV 7dXX]Z! VgZZ X]Z Xdhiîj^hXdcd Hî^ Y^ >bedgiVcoV 8dbjcîVg^V Z OdcZ Y^ EgdiZo^dcZ HeZX^VaZ VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZaaV GZiZ :jgdeZV »CVijgV '%%%¼# Ad higVdgY^cVg^d <gjeed YZaaZ EVaZ Y^ HVc BVgi^cd jcd YZ^ cdkZ \gjee^ bdcijdh^ ^hXgîi^ cZaaV a^hiV YZ^ WZc^ cVijgVa^ g^XdcdhX^ji^ YVaaÉJcZhXd! eVig^bdc^d YZaaÉJbVcî|#

FONDAZIONE EDMUND MACH 86

CHI SIAMO

Via E.Mach,1 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN) telefono 0461 615213

Istituto Agrario di San Michele all’Adige

L’Istituto Agrario di San Michele all’Adige effettua e promuove attività di ricerca e sperimentazione scientifica, di istruzione e formazione, di assistenza tecnica, nonché di servizio alle imprese, il tutto finalizzato alla crescita socio-economica e culturale degli addetti all’agricoltura e allo sviluppo del sistema agro-alimentare e forestale, con particolare riferimento all’ambiente e alla tutela del territorio trentino. Ente funzionale della Provincia autonoma di Trento, istituito con legge provinciale n.28 del 5 novembre 1990, l’Istituto Agrario ha conseguito negli anni importanti traguardi a livello nazionale e internazionale sia nel campo della ricerca sia della formazione. E’ stato fondato nel 1874 quando la Dieta regionale tirolese di Innsbruck deliberò di attivare a San Michele una scuola agraria con annessa stazione sperimentale per la rinascita dell’agricoltura del Tirolo. Dal primo gennaio 2002 l’Istituto si articola in tre centri: scolastico, sperimentale, per l’assistenza tecnica. Con gennaio 2008 l’Istituto Agrario di San Michele è stato ufficialmente soppresso e transitato nel nuovo soggetto giuridico Fondazione Edmund Mach: un ente di interesse pubblico con personalità giuridica di diritto privato, così come previsto dalla legge di riordino della ricerca.

segreteria.scuola@iasma.it www.iasma.it

SERVIZIO CIVILE referente per la comunicazione

Michele Covi

Il Centro scolastico della Fondazione Edmund Mach si è accreditato quale Ente di Servizio Civile con un duplice scopo: in primo luogo perché si ritiene che l’esperienza di Servizio Civile che sarà offerta ai giovani costituisca una valida opportunità di crescita umana all’interno di un contesto giovane e dinamico qual è la scuola media superiore; in secondo luogo, perché si considera importante l’inserimento di giovani motivati ad un’esperienza di solidarietà a supporto di azioni di utilità sociale. Nella scuola si profilano ambiti in cui gli studenti più svantaggiati possono essere accompagnati verso una migliore integrazione sociale e sostenuti nel loro percorso di formazione e maturazione.

michele.covi@iasma.it

181

;DC96O>DC: <6AA:G>6 8>K>86

8=> H>6BD

K^V 8Vkdjg &. (-&'' IgZcid

iZaZ[dcd %)+& .-**&& [Vm %)+& '(,%((

AV ;dcYVo^dcZ <VaaZg^V 8^k^XV Ä 8Zcigd Y^ g^XZgXV hjaaV XdciZbedgVcZî| Y^ IgZcid! Xdhiîj^hXZ aÉZkdajo^dcZ YZaaV <VaaZg^V 8^k^XV YÉ6giZ 8dciZbedgVcZV Y^ IgZcid! \ZhiîV ^c egZXZYZcoV YVa 8dbjcZ Y^ IgZcid# AV ;dcYVo^dcZ cdc ]V hXded Y^ ajXgd Z deZgV ViigVkZghd â eZghZ\j^bZcid Y^ Y^kZgh^ dW^Zii^k^ fjVa^ aÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ! aV egdbdo^dcZ! â hdhiZ\cd VY Vii^kî| Zhedhî^kZ! ^cXdcig^! XdckZ\c^! hZb^cVg^! bdhigZ eZgbVcZci^ d iZbedgVcZZ! XdcXZgi^! ZkZci^! bVc^[ZhiVo^dc^! ejWWa^XVo^dc^! egdYjo^dc^ VjY^dk^h^kZ! ^cô^Vi^kZ ZYîdg^Va^0 aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Z aV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ VY Vii^kî| Y^ hijY^d! Y^ g^XZgXV! Y^YVii^X]Z Z Y^kja\Vi^kZ! eVgiZXêVcYd Va h^hiZbV bjhZVaZ igZci^cd Z XddeZgVcYd VcX]Z Xdc \a^ Vaig^ hd\\Zii^ YZa h^hiZbV egdk^cX^VaZ YZaaV g^XZgXV# AV ;dcYVo^dcZ [dgbViV YV hdX^ [dcYVidg^ ejWWa^X^ fjVaZ â 8dbjcZ Y^ IgZcid Z YV eg^kVi^ X]Z ZcigVcd V [Vg eVgiZ YZa 8daaZ\^d YZ^ ;dcYVidg^ Z YZ^ eVgiZXêVci^! dg\Vcd YZaaV ;dcYVo^dcZ Vhh^ZbZ Va 8dch^\a^d Y^ 6bb^c^higVo^dcZ! Va EgZh^YZciZ! Va 9^gZiidgZ! Va 8dbîVid Y^ XdchjaiVo^dcZ Z kVajiVo^dcZ Z Va GZk^hdgZ YZ^ 8dci^#

^c[d5[dcYVo^dcZ\VaaZg^VX^k^XV# ic#^i lll#[dcYVo^dcZ\VaaZg^VX^k^XV# ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

;gVcXZhXV EZYgdc^ eZYgdc^5 [dcYVo^dcZ\VaaZg^VX^k^XV#ic#^i

&-'

AV ;dcYVo^dcZ <VaaZg^V 8^k^XV 8Zcigd Y^ G^XZgXV hjaaV 8dciZbedgVcZî| kjdaZ d[[g^gZ aV edhh^Wâî| V Xdadgd X]Z VWW^Vcd ^ciZgZhhZ ^c XVbed ^ciZgY^hXêa^cVgZ Y^ hZ\j^gZ aZ [Vh^ Y^ dg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ bdhigZ ZY ZkZci^ XjaijgVa^ Z Y^ XdbegZcYZgZ aZ Y^cVb^X]Z YZa [jco^dcVbZcid \ZcZgVaZ Y^ jcÉ ^hiîjo^dcZ bjhZVaZ# AV ;dcYVo^dcZ h^ egdedcZ ^cdaigZ Y^ ^cY^k^YjVgZ aZ XdbeZiZcoZ Y^ X^VhXjc \^dkVcZ ^c hZgkô^d X^kâZ Z Y^ ^cY^gôoVgad cZa hZiidgZ X]Z e^ \a^ h^ VYY^XZ ^c bdYd YV ediZg [Vg ZbZg\ZgZ aZ hjZ ediZco^Vaî|# 8dh [VXZcYd h^ kjdaZ Xdcig^Wj^gZ! YVaaV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ VaaV Y^YVii^XV! VaaV hZ\gZiZg^V dg\VcôoVi^kV! cZaad hkâjeeVgZ jcV XdhX^ZcoV eZg â adgd [jijgd aVkdgVi^kd aVYYdkZ h^V ^cXZgiV#

<GJEED D6H> 9> 869>C:

8=> H>6BD

K^V YZa Bda^c! () (-&'( 8VY^cZ IC

>a <gjeed D6H> Y^ 8VY^cZ jcÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ kdadciVg^Vid! Xdc eZghdcVaî| \^jg^Y^XV! ^hXgîiV VaaÉVaWd egdk^cX^VaZ YZaaZ dcajh! X]Z deZgV cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaV egdbdo^dcZ YZ^ Y^gîi^ eZg aÉ^c[Vco^V Z aÉVYdaZhXZcoV# H^ egdedcZ Y^ YVgZ g^hedhiV V^ W^hd\c^ YZ^ \^dkVc^! [VkdgZc" Yd aÉZYjXVo^dcZ Va iZbed a^WZgd Z gZVaôoVcYd eZgXdgh^ Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ! aVWdgVidg^! ZkZci^ Z fjVciÉVaigd edhhV hkâjeeVgZ deedgijcî| Y^ V\\gZ\Vo^dcZ Z Y^ ZhegZhh^dcZ XgZVi^kV# Hdcd YjZ aZ iêdad\^Z Y^ ^ciZgkZcid YZaaÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ/ aV \Zhi^dcZ YZa 8Zcigd 8dcigVhid Y^ V\\gZ\Vo^dcZ \^dkVcâZ Y^ 8VY^cZ Z aÉ^YZVo^dcZ Y^ heZX^ÒX^ egd\Zii^ XjaijgVa^ V g^XVYjiV egdk^cX^VaZ! gZ\^dcVaZ Z iVakdaiV cVo^dcVaZ#

iZaZ[dcd %)+& -+*)-&

^c[d5dVh^#ic#^i lll#dVh^#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

GdhVc\ZaV 8VeeZaaZii^

>a <gjeed DVh^ gî^ZcZ X]Z aÉZheZg^ZcoV Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ edhhV Xdhiîj^gZ jc bZood Z[Ò" XVXZ Y^ ^higjo^dcZ Z Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ hjeeaZbZciVgZ eZg ^ \^dkVc^# >c[Vii^! aV hXdeZgiV Y^ cjdk^ dgôodci^! aÉVYViiVbZcid VY Vaig^ XdciZhi^ hdX^Va^ Z XjaijgVa^! cZaaÉVbWîd Y^ Vii^kî| hXZaiZ ^c Vjidcdb^V! hdcd eZg d\c^ eVgiZXêVciZ jcÉdXXVh^dcZ eZg ^cXVcVaVgZ aZ egdeg^Z ZcZg\^Z XgZVi^kZ# > \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! ]Vccd aÉdeedgijcî| Y^ hkâjeeVgZ XVeVXî| Y^ aVkdgd Y^ \gjeed! Y^ deZgVgZ ^c Vii^kî| X]Z Y^Vcd ^bejahd V egd\Zii^ Y^ hkâjeed iZggîdg^VaZ# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid ÆHZ\c^ eVgi^XdaVg^/ XgZ5i^kdÇ HVgV <jVYV\c^c Z HVgV] Kîi^#

^c[d5dVh^#ic#^i Vbb^c^higVo^dcZ5dVh^#ic#^i

&-(

<IK <GJEED IG:CI>CD 9> KDADCI6G>6ID

8=> H>6BD

K^V H# BVgXd! ( (-&'' IgZcid

iZaZ[dcd %)+& .-++.+

>a <IK jcV dg\VcôoVo^dcZ cdc ajXgVi^kV Y^ jiâî| hdX^VaZ dcajh X]Z h^ dXXjeV Y^ Xdd" eZgVo^dcZ ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ! ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ cZa K^ZicVb Z cZa HjY :hi 6h^Vi^Xd# 9V &% Vcc^ aVkdg^Vbd ÒVcXd V ÒVcXd VaaZ Xdbjcî| adXVa^ eZg b^\a^dgVgZ aZ adgd XdcYô^d" c^ Y^ kîV! Xdc eVgi^XdaVgZ ViiZco^dcZ VaaZ b^cdgVcoZ Zic^X]Z! VaaZ YdccZ Z V^ WVbW^c^# >c XdcXgZid â cdhigd aVkdgd egZkZYZ bdaiZea^X^ ^ciZgkZci^ X]Z kVccd YVa [dgc^gZ bVXX]^cVg^ V\a^ dheZYVa^ Z [dgbVgZ ^ bZY^X^ eZg â adgd jiâôod0 Va Xdhigj^gZ ^c[gVhigjiijgZ eZg \V" gVci^gZ V ijii^ â Y^gîid VaaÉVXfjV ediVWâZ! Va [dgc^gZ bVXX]^cVg^ Z [dgbVo^dcZ VaaZ hXjdaZ egd[Zhh^dcVa^! Va gZVaôoVgZ XVbeV\cZ Y^ hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ Z ^c[dgbVo^dcZ hj^ eg^cXêVa^ egdWaZb^ YZaaV Xdbjcî|# DaigZ V fjZhid <IK h^ dXXjeV VcX]Z YZa hdhiZ\cd V Y^hiVcoV! kdaid V hdhiZcZgZ aZ b^hZgZ XdcYô^dc^ Y^ kîV Y^ VaXjc^ WVbW^c^ X]Z VWîVcd cZ^ kâaV\\^ cZa cdgY YZa K^ZicVb! Z YZaaV hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ Z YZaaV hda^YVg^Zi| igVbîZ gVXXdaiZ Y^ [VgbVX^! aV XVbeV\cV Y^ hdhiZ\cd V Y^hiVcoV! Xdgh^ Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ Z hZb^cVg^ hj^ iZb^ YZaaV XddeZgVo^dcZ! YZaad hkâjeed Z YZaaV eVXZ! bdhigZ [did\gVÒX]Z Z XZcZ Zic^Xd"hda^YVa^#

^c[d5\ikdca^cZ#dg\ lll#\ikdca^cZ#dg\

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

;gVcXZhXV 6co^ ^c[d5\ikdca^cZ#dg\

&-)

6iijVabZciZ! [gV aZ iVciZ Vii^kî| Y^ <IK ^c Xdghd jc egd\Ziid ig^ZccVaZ eZg ad ÆHkâjeed YZaaZ g^hdghZ jbVcZ YZaaÉJc^dcZ YZaaZ 9dccZ Y^ 8Vd 7Vc\Ç! jc egd\Ziid gZVaôoVid ^c XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc aV Egdk^cX^V 6jidcdbV Y^ IgZcid X]Z b^gV V b^\a^dgVgZ aZ XVeVXî| dg\VcôoVi^kZ Z aZ XdbeZiZcoZ ^c fjZhiV edkZgd iZggîdg^d Y^ bdciV\cV V^ XdcÒc^ Xdc aV 8^cV# >cdaigZ! ]V egZhd â k^V â egd\Ziid ÒcVco^Vid \gVo^Z Va Æ[dcYd Y^ ^ciZgkZcid V [VkdgZ YZaaZ ededaVo^dc^ YZa hjY Zhi Vh^Vi^XdÇ! eZg V^jiVgZ cZaaV [VhZ edhi ZbZg\Zco^VaZ aZ ededaVo^dc^ XdaeîZ YVaad ihjcVb^! Z ViijVid YV ^c XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc aZ VhhdX^Vo^dc^ LdgaY =dbZ [dg Ndji] XVedÒaV YZa egd\Ziid Z B^XgdÒcVcoV Z Xdc aZ XdcigdeVgi^ adXVa^ ÆHjbVcV]Vaa^ HdX^ZinÇ Y^ 7Vc\VadgZ Z ÆHVaZh^Vch d[ 9dc 7dhXdÇ Y^ 8]ZccV^# H^ ^ciZgkZcji^ ^c VaXjc^ kâaV\\^ Y^ eZhXVidg^ cZa Y^higZiid Y^ 8jYYVadgZ! hjaaZ XdhiZ XdaeîZ YVa bVgZbdid cZaad hiVid >cY^Vcd YZa IVbâ CVYj# AV egdedhiV Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ^cY^gôoViV V X]^ bdi^kVid Z YZh^YZgV deZgVgZ cZa hZiidgZ YZaaV XddeZgVo^dcZ Vaad hkâjeed Z YZaaV hda^YVg^Zi| ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Æ8dcdhXZgZ aV XddeZgVo^dcZ# <IK XdbZ higjbZcid Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ VaaV XjaijgV Y^ hda^YVg^Zi| " >>V ZYô^dcZÇ 6cV]^ 7g^YV Z 6c\ZaV 8dhade#

> B>C>EDA>;DC>8> AV HXjdaV Y^ Bjh^XV YZaaÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ 8jaijgVaZ Æ> B^cêda^[dc^X^Ç! cViV cZa &.-'! VXXdbeV\cV ^ WVbW^c^ ^hXgîi^ V^ Xdgh^ YV^ igZ Vcc^ Òcd VaaV adgd bVijgî|# 8=> H>6BD 8dc e^ Y^ +%% Vaa^Zk^ Z aZ hZY^ Y^ IgZcid! KâaVooVcd"Edkd! 8d\cdaV! HdegVbdciZ Z 7ZhZcZaad jc ^bedgiVciZ hd\\Ziid Y^ g^[Zg^bZcid cZa eVcdgVbV YZaaV [dgbVo^dcZ \^dkVcâZ Z YZaaV XjaijgV bjh^XVaZ cZa IgZci^cd# 6a hjd ^ciZgcd hdcd hdgiZ higVdgY^cVg^Z ZheZg^ZcoZ Y^ bjh^XV YÉ^ch^ZbZ/ â Xdgd Y^ kdX^ W^VcX]Z! â Xdgd \^dkVcâZ! aÉdgX]ZhigV YV XVbZgV Z â \gjeed \^dkVcâZ Y^ ÒVi^# K^V E^VkZ! * AÉVii^kî| YZaaV HXjdaV egZkZYZ! daigZ VaaÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ YZ^ Xdgh^ eZg ^ egdeg^ Vaa^Zk^! aV (-&'' IgZcid eVgiZXêVo^dcZ VY ^bedgiVci^ ^cô^Vi^kZ! ^c XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc Vaig^ Zci^ bjh^XVa^ ZY ^hiîjo^dcVa^# >c eVgi^XdaVgZ \ZbZaaV\\^ Xdc hXjdaZ bjh^XVa^ îVa^VcZ Z higVc^ZgZ @ZbeiZc! ;ZaY`^gX]! >cchWgjX`! Aj\Vcd! Ocd_bd ! dg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ XdcXZgi^! XdcXdgh^ Z eVgi^XdaVg^ iZaZ[dcd egd\Zii^ YZY^XVi^ V^ \^dkVc^! ^cô^Vi^kZ higVdgY^cVg^Z Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ eZg ^ egdeg^ Vaa^Zk^ %)+& .()--% Z ^ egdeg^ YdXZci^! bV VcX]Z ldg`h]de ^ciZgcVo^dcVa^ VeZgi^ V YdXZci^ ZhiZgc^ ^c XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc ^ 8dchZgkVidg^ Y^ Bjh^XV ZY ^cÒcZ! XdchjaZcoZ eZg aZ hXjdaZ ejWWa^X]Z YVaaZ hXjdaZ YZaaÉ^c[Vco^V VaaZ hjeZg^dg^ # >c VbWîd hdX^VaZ dg\VcôoV Z eVgiZXêV VY ^cô^Vi^kZ Y^ hda^YVg^Zi|! XdaaVWdgVcYd Xdc VhhdX^Vo^dc^ ZY Zci^ YZa hZiidgZ0 hkda\Z Vii^kî| Y^ kdadciVg^Vid YZ^ egdeg^ YdXZci^ XdbZ VY Zh# ÆBjh^XV ^c dheZYVaZÇ 0 hkâjeeV Z hZ\gZiZg^V5b^cêda^[dc^X^#igZcid# bVci^ZcZ higZiiZ XdaaVWdgVo^dc^ Xdc ^ 8dbjc^ cZ^ fjVa^ hdcd egZhZci^ aZ egdeg^Z hZY^ î lll#b^cêda^[dc^X^#igZcid#î Y^YVii^X]Z#

gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

HiZ[Vcd 8]^XXd

AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ Æ> B^cêda^[dc^X^Ç ]V YZX^hd Y^ ^beZ\cVgh^ cZaaÉVXXd\a^ZcoV Y^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ eZg YVgZ adgd aÉdeedgijcî| Y^ VXXgZhXZgZ aV egdeg^V ZheZg^ZcoV H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: XjaijgVaZ! Xdc g^[Zg^bZcid heZX^ÒXd VaaV bjh^XV# >ciZcYZ VaigZh d[[g^gZ aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ XgZhXîV eZghdcVaZ YZa \^dkVcZ Z Y^ b^\a^dgVbZcid YZaaZ egdeg^Z XdbeZiZcoZ h^V V a^kZaad Vgi^hi^Xd X]Z hdX^VaZ# AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ VYZg^hXZ eZg aV eg^bV kdaiV VY ZheZg^ZcoZ Y^ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! bV! eZg â [jijgd! ^ciZcYZ YZY^XVgh^ Xdc hZbegZ bV\\^dgZ ViiZco^dcZ V fjZhid ^bedgiVciZ VbWîd [dgbVi^kd# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid ÆBjh^XV! VgiZ eZg â hdX^VaZ#Ç 6aZhhVcYgd 6gcdaYd! Y^gZo^dcZ5b^cêda^[dc^X^#igZcid#î 6cYgZV 9É6bVid! 6a^XZ CVgYZaa^ Z ;gZY^VcV Eg^bVkZh^#

&-*

>HI>IJID 6CIDC>D GDHB>C> " IG:CID

8=> H>6BD

K^V BVa[Vii^! ' (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& .&))%% [Vm %)+&$.&)).-

^hi^ijid5gdhb^c^#ic#^i lll#gdhb^c^#Zj

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

EVdaV EVhfjVa^c eVdaV#[ZaeV5k^g\^a^d#^i

&-+

>HI>IJID 8DBEG:CH>KD 9> H8JDA6 EG>B6G>6 : H:8DC96G>6 Y^ EG>B>:GD

8=> H>6BD

K^V YZaaZ ;dci^! &% (-%*) IgVchVXfjV IC iZaZ[dcd %)(. +')(* [Vm %)(. ,+')++

AÉ>hiîjid 8dbegZch^kd Y^ Eg^b^Zgd jcV >hiîjo^dcZ hXdaVhi^XV VjidcdbV hiViVaZ! \ZhiîV YVaaÉ6bb^c^higVo^dcZ YZaaV Egdk^cX^V 6jidcdbV Y^ IgZcid# H^ XdaadXV cZa iZggîdg^d YZa Eg^b^Zgd! ^c egdk^cX^V Y^ IgZcid! Va XdcÒcZ Xdc aV egdk^cX^V kZcZiV Y^ 7Zaajcd# AV XdbeZiZcoV iZggîdg^VaZ YZaaÉ>hiîjid Xd^cX^YZ Xdc â iZggîdg^d YZ\a^ diid Xdbjc^ igZci^c^ Y^ 8VcVa HVc 7dkd! >bZg! BZooVcd! IgVchVXfjV! ;^ZgV Y^ Eg^b^Zgd! IdcVY^Xd! H^gdg! HV\gdc"B^h# AZ ÒcVaî| YZaaÉ:ciZ hdcd aV [dgbVo^dcZ Z aÉZYjXVo^dcZ! igVbîZ aÉZgd\Vo^dcZ YZa hZgkô^d Y^ ^higjo^dcZ eZg aÉVhhdak^bZcid YZaaÉdWWa^\d hXdaVhi^Xd! cdcX] aÉd[[ZgiV Y^ ^higjo^dcZ hjeZg^dgZ eZg â XdchZ\j^bZcid Y^ jc YêadbV# H^ g^kda\Z V X^gXV &%%% hijYZci^# HXjdaV eg^bVg^V Ä 8VcVa HVc 7dkd! >bZg! BZooVcd! H^gdg! H# BVgi^cd Y^ 8VhigdooV! IdcVY^Xd0 HXjdaV HZXdcYVg^V Y^ eg^bd \gVYd Ä 8VcVa HVc 7dkd Z ÆAj^\^ CZ\gZaa^Ç Y^ IgVchVXfjV0 >hiîjid Y^ >higjo^dcZ Y^ ;^ZgV Y^ Eg^b^Zgd Ä A^XZd HX^Zci^ÒXd! A^XZd :Xdcdb^Xd Z 8dghd IZXc^Xd eZg aZ Xdhigjo^dc^! aÉVbW^ZciZ ZY â iZggîdg^d Xdc W^Zcc^d >#I#>#0 egd\Ziid ><:60 egd\Ziid :G>860 egd\Ziid 8>CFJ:#

hZ\g#^Xeg^b^Zgd5hXjdaZ# egdk^cX^V#ic#^i lll#hXjdaZeg^b^Zgd#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

6aZhhVcYgd 7dcZh^c^ VaZhhVcYgd#WdcZh^c^5i^c#^i

AV YZX^h^dcZ Y^ VYZg^gZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hXVijg^hXZ YVaaV Xdch^YZgVo^dcZ YZaaÉjiâî| ZhiZhV YZaaV egZhZcoV VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZaaZ Vii^kî| ^hiîjo^dcVa^ Y^ ZYjXVo^dcZ Z [dgbVo^dcZ! Y^ \^dkVc^ X]Z edhhVcd k^kZgZ jcÉZheZg^ZcoV V XdciViid Xdc \a^ hijYZci^! YVaaV hXjdaV eg^bVg^V VaaV hXjdaV hjeZg^dgZ# AÉ>hiîjid eZg aV hjV eVgi^XdaVgZ XdbeaZhhî|! dg\VcôoV bdaiZ Vii^kî| X]Z edhhdcd egZkZYZgZ jcV edhî^kV egZhZcoV ^c V[ÒVcXVbZcid [gV egd[Zhh^dc^hi^ Z gV\Voo^ YZa H8C# H^ igViiV V iîdad ZhZbea^ÒXVi^kd Y^ heVo^ Y^ hijY^d! aZo^dc^ Vgi^XdaViZ! jhXîZ hja iZggîdg^d! aVWdgVidg^ Y^ gZXjeZgd Z hkâjeed! bdbZci^ Y^ ^ciZghXjdaV! Veegd[dcY^bZci^ edbZg^Y^Vc^! hedgiZaad hijYZci^! Vhh^hiZcoV Vii^kî| Vjid\ZhiîZ! aVWdgVidg^ XgZVi^k^ Z iZVigVa^! Vii^kî| hedgi^kZ# >c egdheZii^kV h^ igViiV VcX]Z Y^ d[[g^gZ V^ gV\Voo^ YZaaV KVaaZ Y^ Eg^b^Zgd aV edhh^Wâî|! jcV kdaiV YêadbVi^ d aVjgZVi^! Y^ ^ckZhi^gZ jc Vccd YZaaV egdeg^V kîV cZaaV hXjdaV YZa egdeg^d ajd\d! Xdc jc gjdad X]^VkZ cZa Xdcig^Wj^gZ Va egdÒad ZYjXVi^kd Z VaaV XgZhXîV YZ^ gV\Voo^ e^ \^dkVc^# CZa '%%. ]V VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid ÆEgd\Ziid >9:6Ç <^VXdbd 7dc\gVo^d#

&-,

>HI>IJID 8DBEG:CH>KD 9> H8JDA6 EG>B6G>6 : H:8DC96G>6 K6AA: 9> A:9GD

8=> H>6BD

K^V <# 8^h! *& (-%+% A:9GD IC

AÉ>hAÉ^hiîjid 8dbegZch^kd KVaaZ Y^ AZYgd jcÉ^hiîjo^dcZ hXdaVhi^XV VjidcdbV hiViVaZ! \Z" hiîV YVaaÉVbb^c^higVo^dcZ YZaaV egdk^cX^V VjidcdbV Y^ IgZcid# H^ XdaadXV cZaaV eVgiZ hjY dXX^YZciVaZ YZaaV egdk^cX^V Y^ IgZcid Z XdegZ â iZggîdg^d YZaaÉdbdc^bV kVaaZ# AÉ>hiîjid Xdbedhid YV igZ eaZhh^ Y^ hXjdaV ZaZbZciVgZ! hîjVi^ cZ^ eVZh^ Y^ I^Vgcd Y^ HdegV! Bda^cV Y^ AZYgd Z :c\j^hd! Z jc eaZhhd Y^ hXjdaV bZY^V! hîjVid V 7ZooZXXV# 6iijVabZciZ aV ededaVo^dcZ hXdaVhi^XV XdbeaZhh^kV XdhiîjîV YV )-, hijYZci^# AZ ÒcVaî| YZaaÉ:ciZ hdcd aV [dgbVo^dcZ Z aÉZYjXVo^dcZ! ViigVkZghd jc [dgiZ gVY^XVbZcid cZa egdeg^d iZggîdg^d! jcÉViiZco^dcZ V^ kVadg^ YZaaV XîiVY^cVcoV Vii^kV Z gZhedchVWâZ! Z aV XjgV cZaaV [dgbVo^dcZ YZ^ XîiVY^c^ Y^ YdbVc^

iZaZ[dcd %)+) *.&%+, [Vm %)+) *.%'*)

gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

BVjg^o^d 8Vegdc^

AÉVXXgZYîVbZcid Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ XdchZciZ VaaÉ^hiîjid >#8# KVaaZ Y^ AZYgd Y^ XdcXgZiôoVgZ ^ egd\Zii^ egZk^hi^ YVa e^Vcd YZaaÉd[[ZgiV [dgbVi^kV VkkVaZcYdh^ Y^ [dgoZ \^dkVc^# D\\^ aV H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: hXjdaV ]V aV cZXZhhî| Y^ Veg^gh^ kZghd aÉZhiZgcd eZg XdaaVWdgVgZ Xdc g^hdghZ \^dkVc^ Z bdi^kViZ X]Z edhhVcd V[ÒVcXVgZ Z kVadgôoVgZ aÉdeZgV YZ\a^ ^chZ\cVci^# JcV hXjdaV ]V igV ^ hjd^ Xdbeî^ VcX]Z fjZaad Y^ Xdcig^Wj^gZ VaaÉVgg^XX]^bZcid YZa iZggîdg^d Y^ Xj^ [V eVgiZ! [jc\ZcYd ZhhV hiZhhV YV V\Zco^V XjaijgVaZ VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZaaV fjVaZ ^ \^dkVc^ YZkdcd ediZg ZhZgXîVgZ jc gjdad YV egdiV\dc^hi^# HeVo^ Y^ hijY^d! jhXîZ hja iZggîdg^d! aVWdgVidg^ Y^ gZXjeZgd Z Y^ hkâjeed! bdbZci^ Y^ ^c" iZghXjdaV! aVWdgVidg^ XgZVi^k^ Z iZVigVa^! Vii^kî| hedgi^kZ hdcd VaXjc^ ZhZbe^ Y^ Vii^kî| ^c Y^g#^X#WZooZXXV5hXjdaZ#egdk^cX^V# Xj^ ^beZ\cVgZ ^ gV\Voo^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ# ic#î

&--

>HI>IJID 9> >HIGJO>DC: B6G>: 8JG>: " E:G<>C: K6AHJ<6C6

8=> H>6BD

K^V H# E^Zigd! ) (-%*, EZg\^cZ KVahj\VcV IC

AZ ÒcVaî| YZaaÉ^hiîjid g^\jVgYVcd aV egdbdo^dcZ YZaaÉ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ Z aV XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ YZa h^hiZbV ZYjXVi^kd egdk^cX^VaZ Xdc â iZggîdg^d Z aV kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZaaV eVgiZXêV" o^dcZ YZaaZ [Vb^\a^Z0 â g^XdcdhXZgZ Z kVadgôoVgZ aV Y^[[ZgZcoV Y^ \ZcZgZ ViigVkZghd aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ ^ciZgkZci^ kdai^ Va hdhiZ\cd YZaaZ eVg^ deedgijcî| igV jdbd Z YdccV0 egdbjdkZgZ aV XdcdhXZcoV YZa iZggîdg^d bdciVcd Z aV kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZaaZ Vii^kî| Z YZa eVig^bdc^d Vae^cd#

iZaZ[dcd %)+& *&&(.,

Y^g#Xjg^Z#eZg\^cZ5hXjdaZ# egdk^cX^V#ic#î0 hZ\g#Xjg^Z#eZg\^cZ5hXjdaZ# egdk^cX^V#ic#î lll#Xjg^ZeZg\^cZ#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

&-.

@6A:>9DH8DE>D

8=> H>6BD

K^V Ydc 9VaaVÒdg! '$V$W (-%*% EDKD IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& -&+%(+

`VaZ^YdhXde^d5Xdchda^YV#^i lll#`VaZ^YdhXde^d#Xdde

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

;gVcXZhXV 7^VcX]Zii^ [W^VcX]Zii^5Xdchda^YV#^i

&.%

@VaZ^YdhXde^d \^| YV Vcc^ hZYZ eZg \^dkVc^ X]Z ^ciZcYdcd hkda\ZgZ jcÉZheZg^ZcoV eZghdcVaZ [dgbVi^kV h^V ^c fjVaî| Y^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV eg^bV Z Y^ \^dkVc^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ed^! XdbZ ejgZ Y^ i^gdX^cVci^! hiV\^hi^ Z cjbZgdh^ kdadciVg^# AV Xdck^co^dcZ ! ^c[Vii^! X]Z aV 8ddeZgVi^kV hdX^VaZ h^V ajd\d XdZgZciZ Xdc \a^ dW^Zii^k^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! hXZaiV Y^ ^beZ\cd V [VkdgZ Y^ Vaig^ Z XdciZhijVabZciZ deedgijcî| Y^ ZheZg^ZcoV Z XgZhXîV eZghdcVaZ daigZ X]Z egd[Zhh^dcVaZ# D\c^ Vccd @VaZ^YdhXde^d egd\ZiiV Z \Zhi^hXZ cjbZgdh^ hZgkô^ Z ^cô^Vi^kZ! VaXjcZ Y^ ^beViid Z YjgViV XdciZcjiZ cZa iZbed! bZcigZ VaigZ Y^ edgiViV bdaid e^ Vbe^V# >c fjZhid bdk^bZcid Xdci^cjd h^ ^cY^k^YjVcd hZbegZ egd\Zii^ Z heVo^ X]Z edhhdcd Xdhiîj^gZ jcV egZo^dhV dXXVh^dcZ Y^ ^beZ\cd X^kâZ Z hdX^VaZ eZg bdai^ \^dkVc^/ egd\Zii^ aZ\Vi^ V YZ^ h^c\da^ hZgkô^ XZcig^ Y^jgc^! XZcig^ VeZgi^! Vii^kî| ZmigVhXdaVhi^X]Z Z Xdh k^V bV VcX]Z igVhkZghVa^ Z Y^ ^ciZgZhhZ fj^cY^ eZg aÉ^ciZgV dg\VcôoVo^dcZ XdbZ VY ZhZbe^d aV gZcY^XdciVo^dcZ hdX^VaZ! aV Xdhigjo^dcZ Z aV \Zhi^dcZ YZaaZ XVgiZ YZ^ hZgkô^! d Vaigd # CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Æ;VgZ ZheZg^ZcoV Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ Xdc ^ \^dkVc^ cZaaZ Xdbjcî| Y^ bdciV\cVÇ AjXV <g^hZci^0 Va egd\Ziid ÆAÉVc^bVo^dcZ hdX^d"ZYjXVi^kV eZg WVbW^c^ Z gV\Voo^ YV^ + V^ &- Vcc^ ^c XdciZhi^ iZggîdg^Va^ heZX^ÒX^Ç :aZcV AjcVgYZaa^ Z B^X]ZaZ HZ\ViiV#

A6 8D88>C:AA6

8=> H>6BD

8dghd 9VciZ! &( (-%'( 8aZh IC iZaZ[dcd %)+(+%%&+-

CZ^ eg^b^ Vcc^ É.% V 8aZh cVhXZ jc hZgkô^d eg^kVid g^kdaid V^ WVbW^c^ YV oZgd V igZ Vcc^ YZcdb^cVid Æ7VWn 8daaZ\ZÇ# CZa &..*! hj g^X]^ZhiV Y^ bdai^ \Zcîdg^ VaaÉ:ciZ ejWWa^Xd aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ jc hZgkô^d ZYjXVi^kd fjVa^ÒXVid Z eZg bZ\a^d g^hedcYZgZ V Zh^\ZcoZ Xdc VaiV egd[Zhh^dcVaî|! cVhXZ aV 8ddeZgVi^kV HdX^VaZ AV 8dXX^cZaaV# D\\^ AV 8dXX^cZaaV jc ^begZhV hdX^VaZ X]Z XdciV YZX^cZ Y^ hdX^/ \Zcîdg^! ZYjXVig^X^ Z kdadciVg^# 6XXVcid V^ hdX^! jc cjbZgd XgZhXZciZ Y^ YêZcYZci^ Z Y^ XdaaVWdgVidg^ XddeZgVcd ^c jcV higjiijgV Z[ÒX^ZciZ Z ÓZhh^WâZ! X]Z XdchZciZ jc ^ciZgkZcid Y^kZgh^ÒXVid hja iZggîdg^d Y^ bdai^ 8dbjc^ YZa IgZci^cd# > HZgkô^ YZaaV XddeZgVi^kV hdcd \a^ Vhâ^ c^Yd Z b^Xgd Ä c^Y^! h^V ^c XdckZco^dcZ Xdc ^ 8dbjc^ X]Z ^c [dgbV eg^kViV daigZ VY Vii^kî| Zhi^kZ XdbZ >a <^gdidcYd X]Z egZkZYZ Vii^kî| hedgi^kV Z g^XgZVi^kV eZg aZ WVbW^cZ Z ^ WVbW^c^ YV^ ( V^ + Vcc^# :hiViZ ^ch^ZbZ/ Vii^kî| g^kdaiV V gV\VooZ Z gV\Voo^ igV ^ + Z ^ &( Vcc^/ h^ gZVaôoVcd egd\Zii^ Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ Z eZgXdgh^ Y^ hXdeZgiV YZaaV cVijgV#

bVii^V#\Vg^WVaY^5 aVXdXX^cZaaV#Xdde lll#aVXdXX^cZaaV#Xdde

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

&.&

A>8:D H8>:CI>;>8D <6A>A:D <6A>A:>

8=> H>6BD

K^VaZ 7dad\c^c^! -- (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+&.&(),.

hZ\g#a^XZd\VaâZ^5hXjdaZ#egdk^c" X^V#ic#î lll#ah\VaâZ^#ic#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

&.'

>a A^XZd HX^Zci^ÒXd Æ<# <VaâZ^Ç Y^ IgZcid cVhXZ cZa &.'( Xdc aÉ^ciZcid ÆY^ hkâjeeVgZ ZY Veegd[dcY^gZ aÉ^higjo^dcZ YZ^ \^dkVc^! X]Z Vhe^g^cd V\a^ hijY^ jc^kZghîVg^ cZaaZ ;VXdai| Y^ HX^ZcoZ Z Y^ BZY^X^cV Z 8]^gjg\^V Xdc eVgi^XdaVgZ g^\jVgYd VaaV XjaijgV hX^Zci^ÒXVÇ# >a A^XZd kZYZ XgZhXZgZ XdhiVciZbZciZ ^ egdeg^ ^hXgîi^ iVcid X]Z cZa Xdghd YZ\a^ Vcc^ IgZciV k^ZcZ hXZaid XdbZ cjdkV hZYZ â eVaVood Æ9VbZ Y^ H^dcÇ dkZ â A^XZd g^bVgg| h^cd Va &.)(# CZ^ eg^b^ Vcc^ HZiiVciV h^ V\\^jc\dcd aZ hZo^dc^ hiVXXViZ Y^ 8aZh! 7dg\d! I^dcZ Z fj^cY^ fjZaaV Y^ 8VkVaZhZ0 â cjbZgd YZ\a^ ^hXgîi^ Vgg^kV V &'%%# CZa &.,* â A^XZd Æ<# <VaâZ^Ç h^ hYdee^V YVcYd dg^\^cZ Va A^XZd HX^Zci^ÒXd ÆAZdcVgYd YV K^cX^Ç# AÉ^hiîjo^dcZ egdbjdkZ cZaaV egdeg^V egVi^XV [dgbVi^kV aV XgZhXîV Z aV kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZaaV eZghdcV cZa g^heZiid YZaaZ Y^[[ZgZcoZ Z YZaaZ ^YZciî| Y^ X^VhXjcd# >cdaigZ! egdbjdkZ aÉZYjXVo^dcZ VaaV hda^YVg^Zi|! VaaV eVXZ Z VaaV XddeZgVo^dcZ! VaaV ijiZaV Z Va g^heZiid YZaaÉVbW^ZciZ

B6<> >ciZgcVi^dcVa 6hhdX^Vi^dc d[ BZY^XVa <ZcZi^Xh

8=> H>6BD

K^V YZaaZ <gVo^Z ( (-%+- GdkZgZid IC iZaZ[dcd %)+) ++',,& [Vm %)+) )'*+()

B6<> Dcajh h^ dXXjeV Y^ bVaVii^Z \ZcZi^X]Z gVgZ Z [dgc^hXZ hZgkô^ Y^ XdchjaZcoV \ZcZi^XV! Y^V\cdhi^XV Z Vhh^hiZcoV# Jcd YZ\a^ dW^Zii^k^ eg^cXêVa^ YZaaÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ fjZaad Y^ Y^kZciVgZ jc ejcid Y^ g^[Zg^bZcid eZg ^ eVo^Zci^ V[[Zii^ YV bVaVii^Z \ZcZi^X]Z# 8^ h^ egdedcZ Y^ b^\a^dgVgZ ^ hZgkô^ d[[Zgi^ XZgXVcYd ^ccVcoîjiid Y^ [dgc^gZ jcÉ^c[dgbVo^dcZ ejcijVaZ Z jc hZgkô^d Y^ Vhh^hiZcoV Z Y^V\cdhi^XV Z[ÒX^ZciZ Z egd[Zhh^dcVaZ# AÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ Y^hedcZ Y^ jc aVWdgVidg^d X]Z ZhZ\jZ VcVa^h^ Y^ W^dad\^V bdaZXdaVgZ cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaV Y^V\cdh^ Z YZaaÉ^cfjVYgVbZcid bdaZXdaVgZ YZaaZ bVaVii^Z# 6iijVabZciZ! aÉVii^kî| YZa aVWdgVidg^d h^ dXXjeV ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ Y^ bVaVii^Z ZgZYîVg^Z YZaaV gZi^cV# DaigZ VaaV Y^V\cdh^! jcV eVgiZ YZaaÉVii^kî| YZY^XViV VaaV g^XZgXV Z Vaad hijY^d eZg ^beaZbZciVgZ ^ egdidXdaa^ Y^V\cdhi^X^ Z XdchZ\jZciZbZciZ Vbea^VgZ â kZciV\a^d Y^ ZhVb^ Y^hedc^Wâ^ ZY ZhhZgZ higjbZcid Y^ ^c[dgbVo^dcZ eZg aV XdaaZii^kî|

^c[d5VhhdbV\^#dg\ lll#VhhdbV\^#dg\

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

HiZ[Vcd 8ZXX]^c^ ZkZci^5VhhdbV\^#dg\

&.(

B6C9686Gç

8=> H>6BD

K^V EgZedh^ijgV! (' (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& '(',.&

AV 8ddeZgVi^kV BVcYVXVg Dcajh H8H ]V XdbZ dW^Zii^kd aV egdbdo^dcZ Y^ jcÉZXdcdb^V hda^YVaZ# 6iigVkZghd â XdbbZgX^d Zfjd Xdc â HjY YZa bdcYd! aV ÒcVcoV hda^YVaZ Z cjbZgdhZ Vii^kî| ZYjXVi^kZ Z XjaijgVa^ Z Y^ hda^YVg^Zi| ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ! h^ egdedcZ Y^ XgZVgZ Z Y^[[dcYZgZ hXVbW^ ZXdcdb^X^ X]Z bZiidcd Va XZcigd aV Y^\cî| Y^ d\c^ eZghdcV# CZaaV Xdck^co^dcZ X]Z ^ Xdchjb^ Z aZ hXZaiZ ZXdcdb^X]Z fjdi^Y^VcZ edhhdcd Y^kZciVgZ higjbZci^ XdcXgZi^ Y^ XVbW^VbZcid! kZghd jc bdcYd e^ \^jhid eZg ijii^# ;dcYViV cZa &.-.! aV XddeZgVi^kV ]V Vkjid jcV XgZhXîV gVe^YV Z XdhiVciZ! ^c h^cidc^V Xdc ad hkâjeed Y^ ijiid â bdk^bZcid YZa XdbbZgX^d Zfjd Z hda^YVaZ îVa^Vcd# 6iijVabZciZ ]V &-+* hdX^ Z! \gVo^Z Va hdhiZ\cd YZ^ cjbZgdh^ kdadciVg^! \Zhi^hXZ &( 7diiZ\]Z ^c IgZci^cd0 egdbjdkZ ^cô^Vi^kZ Y^ ^c[d gbVo^dcZ Z hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ0 egdbjdkZ ^ciZgkZci^ ZYjXVi^k^ cZaaZ hXjdaZ0 hkâjeeV egd\Zii^ Y^ XddeZgVo^dcZ Xdc ^ egdYjiidg^ YZa HjY YZa bdcYd# AV 8ddeZgVi^kV BVcYVXVg ! h^c YVaaZ hjZ dg^\^c^! hdX^V YZa Xdchdgo^d 8ib VaigdbZgXVid! aV bV\\^dgZ dg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ XdbbZgX^d Zfjd ^c >iVa^V#

hZYZ5bVcYVXVgj#^i lll#bVcYVXVgj#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

7ZVig^XZ 9Z 7aVh^ ZYjXVo^dcZ5bVcYVXVgj#^i

&.)

CZaaÉVbWîd YZa egd\Ziid ÆKdadciVg^ eZg jcÉZXdcdb^V hda^YVaZÇ YZaXdchdgo^d 8ib VaigdbZgXVid! aV XddeZgVi^kV BVcYVXVg ! Yded VkZg bVijgVid jcV heaZcY^YV ZheZg^ZcoV cZa Xdghd YZ\a^ hXdgh^ Vcc^! XZgXV \^dkVc^ ^ciZgZhhVi^ VaaÉZheZg^ZcoV Y^ jc Vccd Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ YV hkda\ZgZ egZhhd aV XddeZgVi^kV cZaaZ egdeg^Z hZY^/ IgZcid! GdkZgZid! G^kV 9Za <VgYV! EgZYVood! AVkVgdcZ! ;^ZgV Y^ Eg^b^Zgd! 8aZh! BZoodadbWVgYd! EZg\^cZ KVahj\VcV! I^dcZ! AVk^h# >a hZgkô^d! hkdaid VaaÉ^ciZgcd Y^ jcV YZaaZ e^ \gVcY^ gZVai| Y^ XdbbZgX^d Zfjd Z hda^YVaZ ^c >iVa^V! g^\jVgYV aÉVbWîd ^c[dgbVi^kd Z XjaijgVaZ! Z aZ Vii^kî| hkdaiZ YV^ \^dkVc^ hdcd/ ^c[dgbVo^dcZ V^ XdchjbVidg^ cZaaZ WdiiZ\]Z Z hja iZggîdg^d dg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ bdhigZ! ÒZgZ! ^cXdcig^ XjaijgVa^ Vii^kî| Y^YVii^XV Z Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ egdbdo^dcZ Z ^c[dgbVo^dcZ hj^ egdYdii^ Z egd\Zii^ YZa XdbbZgX^d Zfjd Z hj^ gZaVi^k^ egd\Zii^ ^c 6h^V! 6[g^XV Z 6bZg^XV AVi^cV#

BJH:D 9:<A> JH> : 8DHIJB> 9:AA6 <:CI: IG:CI>C6

&%%

8=> H>6BD

K^V :# BVX]! ' (-%&% H# B^X]ZaZ V$6Y^\Z IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& %)+&+*%(&) [Vm %)+&+*%,%(

CVid cZa &.+- cZaaV hj\\Zhi^kV Xdgc^XZ YZaaÉVci^Xd XdckZcid V\dhi^c^Vcd Y^ HVc B^X]ZaZ VaaÉ6Y^\Z \gVo^Z VaaV [Za^XZ ^cijô^dcZ bjhZd\gVÒXV Y^ <^jhZeeZ ZWZhiV! ZciZ higjbZciVaZ YZaaV Egdk^cX^V 6jidcdbV Y^ IgZcid YVa &.,'! â BjhZd YZ\a^ Jh^ Z 8dhijb^ YZaaV <ZciZ IgZci^cV egZhZciV jc g^XXd eZgXdghd Zhedhî^kd Y^ WZc )( hVaZ! Vgi^XdaVcYdh^ ^c '* Y^kZghZ hZo^dc^# 8dc e^ Y^ &'#%%% d\\Zii^! igV ^ fjVa^ he^XXVcd aZ \gVcY^ bVXX]^cZ VY VXfjV! bja^cd! [jX^cV Z hZ\]Zg^V kZcZo^VcV! â BjhZd h^ Y^hi^c\jZ eZg aÉViiZco^dcZ X]Z YZY^XV Va h^hiZbV V\gdhâkdeVhidgVaZ YZaaV bdciV\cV igZci^cV Z VaaZ aVkdgVo^dc^ Vgi^\^VcZ Y^ hjeedgid Va bdcYd XdciVY^cd Ä aZ\cd! [Zggd! gVbZ! XZgVb^XV! iZhhji^ Ä Òcd VaaZ iZhi^bdc^VcoZ YZaaV gZa^\^dhî|! YZaaV bjh^XV Z YZa [daàdgZ# >a BjhZd YZ\a^ Jh^ Z 8dhijb^ YZaaV <ZciZ IgZci^cV VcX]Z â ajd\d ^YZVaZ ^c Xj^ Vkk^X^cVgh^ VaaV bZbdg^V Z VaaZ gVY^X^ YZa iZggîdg^d# 6aaÉZhedhô^dcZ eZgbVcZciZ â BjhZd V[ÒVcXV ^c[Vii^ jcÉ^ciZchV Vii^kî| Y^YVii^XV! ZYîdg^VaZ Z Y^ g^XZgXV! dheîVcYd jcV 7^Wa^diZXV Z jcV bZY^ViZXV heZX^VaôoViV Z [jc\ZcYd YV XZcigd Y^ hijY^ Zicd\gVÒX^ eZg aÉ^ciZgd VgXd Vae^cd#

^c[d5bjhZdhVcb^X]ZaZ#^i lll#bjhZdhVcb^X]ZaZ#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

9Vc^ZaV ;^cVgY^ Y#ÒcVgY^5bjhZdhVcb^X]ZaZ#^i

8dcig^Wj^gZ VaaV Y^[[jh^dcZ YZaaV XjaijgV YZa iZggîdg^d Z YZaaV XdcdhXZcoV YZaaZ dg^\^c^ bdi^kd eg^bVg^d Y^ eVgiZXêVo^dcZ V^ egd\Zii^ Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ YZa BjhZd YZ\a^ Jh^ Z 8dhijb^ YZaaV <ZciZ IgZci^cV# >a \^dkVcZ! X]Z egZhiZg| hZgkô^d X^kâZ! ^c[Vii^! Xdcig^Wj^g| VaaV egdbdo^dcZ YZa eVig^bdc^d Vgi^hi^Xd Z XjaijgVaZ XdchZgkVid cZa BjhZd! hZXdcYd aZ ÒcVaî| egdeg^Z YZaaÉZciZ/ gVXXd\a^ZgZ! dgY^cVgZ Z hijY^VgZ ^ bViZg^Va^ X]Z h^ g^[Zg^hXdcd V hidg^V! ZXdcdb^V! Y^VaZii^! [daXadgZ! Xdhijb^ ZY jh^ ^c hZchd aVid YZaaV \ZciZ igZci^cV0 egdbjdkZgZ Z ejWWa^XVgZ hijY^ Z g^XZgX]Z V XVgViiZgZ Zicdad\^Xd0 egdbjdkZgZ ZY V^jiVgZ aV egdeV\VcYV eZg aV XdchZgkVo^dcZ YZ\a^ jh^! Xdhijb^ Z iZXcdad\^Z X]Z hdcd eVig^bdc^d YZaaV \ZciZ igZci^cV! Xdcig^WjZcYd VaaV Y^[[jh^dcZ YZaaV XdcdhXZcoV YZa eVig^bdc^d hiZhhd! VcX]Z egZhiVcYd aV egdeg^V XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Z Vhh^hiZcoV iZXc^XV Z dg\VcôoVi^kV VaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ ^cô^Vi^kZ egdbdhhZ YVaaV Egdk^cX^V d YV^ Xdbjc^! cdcX] Y^ Vii^kî| Y^YVii^X]Z Z Y^ g^XZgXV g^X]^ZhiZ YVaaV hXjdaV Y^ d\c^ dgY^cZ Z \gVYd! VcX]Z egdbjdkZcYd ^cô^Vi^kZ VY ZhhV VYViiZ# EZg gV\\^jc\ZgZ fjZhi^ dW^Zii^k^ aZ bVch^dc^ hVgVccd Y^ XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc ^ gZhedchVWâ^ YZaaV egdbdo^dcZ! YZaaV XdchZgkVo^dcZ Z YZ^ HZgkô^ :YjXVi^k^ YZa BjhZd#

&.*

&%&

8=> H>6BD

>hiîjo^dcZ ejWWa^XV X]Z YV daigZ jc hZXdad YdXjbZciV aV hidg^V cVijgVaZ YZaaV gZ\^dcZ Vae^cV \gVo^Z V g^XZgX]Z cVijgVa^hi^X]Z Y^ Vaid egdÒad! ^bedgiVci^ XdaaZo^dc^ ZY Zhedhô^dc^ eZgbVcZci^# 6 eVgi^gZ YVa &..' â BjhZd Ig^YZci^cd Y^ HX^ZcoZ CVijgVa^ ^cô^V V [Vgh^ XdcdhXZgZ VcX]Z eZg aZ cjdkZ bdhigZ XVgViiZgôoViZ YVaaV ^ciZgVii^kî| Z YVaad h\jVgYd bjai^Y^hXêa^cVgZ hj iZb^ Y^ ^ciZgZhhZ \ZcZgVaZ# 9Va &..) â BjhZd d[[gZ â egdeg^d eV" ig^bdc^d Y^ XdcdhXZcoZ Z XdbeZiZcoZ Xdbjc^XVi^kZ Va bdcYd YZaaV hXjdaV V hjeedgid YZaaÉVii^kî| Y^YVii^XV igVYô^dcVaZ! Xdc jc [dgiZ ^beZ\cd ZYjXVi^kd X]Z h^ VcYVid k^V" k^V gV[[dgoVcYd cZaaV Xdck^co^dcZ X]Z aZ egdedhiZ Y^kja\Vi^kZ! gZVaôoVcYd aV XgZhXîV XjaijgVaZ Z hdX^VaZ! egdbjdkdcd aÉZYjXVo^dcZ hX^Zci^ÒXV XdaaZii^kV# >a BjhZd Ig^YZci^cd Y^ HX^ZcoZ CVijgVa^ jcV gZiZ Y^ ^hiîjo^dc^ bjhZVa^! XZcig^ Y^ g^XZgXV Z Y^ Y^kja\Vo^dcZ hX^Zci^ÒXV Y^[[jh^ hja iZggîdg^d igZci^cd/ BjhZd Ig^YZci^cd Y^ HX^ZcoZ CV" ijgVa^ " BjhZd <# 8Vegdc^# 6ZgdcVji^XV! hX^ZcoV Z ^ccdkVo^dcZ " <^VgY^cd 7diVc^Xd 6ae^cd Z IZggVooV YZaaZ HiZaaZ YZaaZ K^diiZ Y^ BdciZ 7dcYdcZ Ä BjhZd YZaaZ eVaVÒiiZ YZa AV\d Y^ AZYgd Ä AZYgdaVW Ä 6gWdgZid Y^ 6gXd Ä aV HiVo^dcZ a^bcdad\^XV YZa AV\d Y^ IdkZa Ä IZccd#

a^hVTc^Xdajhh^5bihc#ic#^i lll#bihc#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

a^hVTc^Xdajhh^5bihc#ic#^i

&.+

DG6IDG>D " B:OOD8DGDC6

&%'

8=> H>6BD

K^V H# <# 7dhXd! &% (-%&+ BZoodXdgdcV IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& +%&(-+ XZaajaVgZ ((* ,)-,&.*

^c[d5dgVidg^dY^bZooVXdgdcV#^i lll#dgVidg^dY^bZoodXdgdcV#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

<^dkVcc^ <]ZooZg \]ZooZg\^dkVcc^5i^c#^i

&.,

E:G>H8DE>D

&%(

8=> H>6BD

K^V OVbWgV! && (-&'& IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& )%,%*% XZaajaVgZ ('- %(-&,(,

AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ EZg^hXde^d cVhXZ cZa hZiiZbWgZ '%%+ Xdc ad hXded Y^ Xdchda^YVgZ Z gZcYZgZ hiVWâ^ ^ egd\Zii^ cVi^ egZXZYZciZbZciZ ^c hZcd VaaÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ Y^ ^chZ\cVci^ Æ9^ZhhZ IgZcidÇ# 9Va '%%& hdcd hiVi^ egd\ZiiVi^ Z hkâjeeVi^ VaXjc^ hZgkô^ ZYjXVi^k^ eZg gV\Voo^ YZaaZ hXjdaZ bZY^Z Z hjeZg^dg^# CZa '%%+ â Xdch^\a^d Y^gZii^kd Y^ Æ9^ZhhZÇ ]V ^hiîjiîd jcÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ VY ]dX X]Z ediZhhZ YZY^XVgh^ Vaad hkâjeed Y^ egd\Zii^! VcX]Z Va ÒcZ Y^ [VXâîVgZ ad hkâjeed Y^ Æ9^ZhhZÇ kZghd aV hjV heZX^ÒXV b^hh^dc# > hZgkô^ hkdai^ YV EZg^hXde^d hiVWâbZciZ cZ\a^ jai^b^ Vcc^ g^\jVgYVcd Vii^kî|/ Y^ V^jid Vaad hijY^d! dg^ZciVbZcid Z g^"dg^ZciVbZcid YZ^ gV\Voo^0 Y^ gZXjeZgd hXdaVhi^Xd ^cY^k^YjVaôoVid! VcX]Z eZg gV\Voo^ Xdc 9H60 Y^ ^chZ\cVbZcid YZaaÉîVa^Vcd gV\Voo^ higVc^Zg^ Z Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ#

hZ\gZiZg^V5eZg^hXde^d#ic#^i lll#eZg^hXde^d#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

AZi^o^V 8]^dXX]Zii^ hZ\gZiZg^V5eZg^hXde^d#ic#^i

&.-

AÉV^jid Vaad hijY^d Z â hdhiZ\cd hXdaVhi^Xd XVgViiZgôoVcd aV b^hh^dc Y^ EZg^hXde^d! ^ciZhV cdc hdad XdbZ hZbea^XZ YdedhXjdaV ^c Xj^ kZc\dcd hkdai^ ^ Xdbeî^! bV hdegViijiid XdbZ ajd\d ^c Xj^ ZhhZgZ V^jiVi^ cZaaÉ^cigdYjo^dcZ VaaV kîV Y^ ijii^ ^ \^dgc^# Egdeg^d fjZhiV egZiZhV Y^ VXXdbeV\cVgZ ^ gV\Voo^ cZa XVbb^cd YZaaV XdcdhXZcoV! VkZcYd XdbZ dW^Zii^kd aV XgZhXîV YZaaV eZghdcV! ]V he^cid aÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ VY VYZg^gZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdedcZcYd eZg aV eg^bV kdaiV jc egd\Ziid# H^ kjdaZ d[[g^gZ V^ \^dkVc^ X]Z YZX^Ydcd Y^ ^ckZhi^gZ jc Vccd YZaaV egdeg^V kîV! hkda\ZcYd â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! aÉdXXVh^dcZ cdc hdad Y^ XdcY^k^YZgZ jc eZood Y^ higVYV Xdc YZ^ gV\Voo^! bV hdegViijiid aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ jcV XgZhXîV eZghdcVaZ cZa gVeedgid Xdc adgd Z Xdc \a^ Vaig^ VYjai^! cdcX] aÉVeegZcY^bZcid Y^ jcV hZg^Z Y^ XdbeZiZcoZ heZcY^Wâ^ cZa bdcYd YZa aVkdgd Z jiâ^ V jcV [dgbVo^dcZ Z bVijgVo^dcZ Y^ h # CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Æ8Zcigd Y^ V^jid Vaad hijY^d eZg^hXde^d#Ç 8ViZg^cV HiZ[Vc^ Z :a^hVWZiiV IVYYZd#

EGD9><>D

&%)

8=> H>6BD

K^V <gVbhX^! )+ 6$7 (-&'( IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& .'*&+&

AÉdW^Zii^kd eg^cXêVaZ YZaaÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ EgdY^\^d fjZaad Y^ hZch^WâôoVgZ aV hdX^Zi| hj^ iZb^ gZaVi^k^ VaaZ Y^kZghZ VWâî|! [VkdgZcYd Xdh aV e^ZcV ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ YZaaZ eZghdcZ Y^hVWâ^ cZa iZhhjid hdX^VaZ# AÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ eZghZ\jZ ^ hjd^ Òc^ ^c Y^kZgh^ bdY^! Z ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ ViigVkZghd aV gZVaôoV" o^dcZ Z aV ejWWa^XVo^dcZ Y^ Egd#9^#<^d! W^bZhigVaZ ViiZcid VaaZ iZbVi^X]Z YZaaV Y^hVWâî|! YZaaV hVajiZ Z YZa Y^hV\^d hdX^VaZ Y^kja\Vid VcX]Z ViigVkZghd â hîd lll#egdY^\^d#î## EgdY^\^d ^beZ\cViV VcX]Z cZa bdcYd YZaaV hXjdaV Xdc aÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ ^cXdcig^ Y^ hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ hjaaV egZkZco^dcZ YZ\a^ ^cX^YZci^ higVYVa^ Z hjaaV Y^[[jh^dcZ YZaaV XjaijgV YZaaV Y^kZghV VWâî|# AÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ! ^cÒcZ! XdaaVWdgV Xdc Y^kZgh^ Zci^ Z ^hiîjo^dc^ " igV Xj^ aV E#6#I#" VaaÉ^YZVo^dcZ Z gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ egd\Zii^ b^gVci^ V b^\a^dgVgZ aV kîV YZaaZ eZghdcZ Y^hVWâ^ ViigVkZghd aÉVWWVii^bZcid YZaaZ WVgg^ZgZ VgX]îZiidc^X]Z#

VhhdX^Vo^dcZ5egdY^\^d#^i lll#egdY^\^d#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

<^jhZeeZ BVaX]^dccV \bZaX]^dccV5\bV^a#Xdb

;VgZ â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egZhhd EgdY^\^d h^\c^ÒXV h^V VkZgZ aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ jc XdciViid Z Y^ jc Xdc[gdcid Xdc aV gZVai| YZaaV Y^hVWâî|! h^V eVgiZXêVgZ VaaZ Vii^kî| egdbdhhZ YVaaÉVh" hdX^Vo^dcZ eZg aV hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ kZghd iVa^ iZbVi^X]Z# > \^dkVc^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ X]Z deZgVcd egZhhd EgdY^\^d hdcd ^beZ\cVi^ ^c ijiiZ aZ [Vh^ Y^ gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZa W^bZhigVaZ/ ^YZVo^dcZ YZa bZcVW ! egdYjo^dcZ Y^ Vgi^Xda^! gZeZg^bZcid Y^ cdiô^Z! ^beV\^cVo^dcZ! Xdg" gZo^dcZ YZaaZ WdooZ# AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ d[[gZ VcX]Z aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ diiZcZgZ â eViZci^cd Y^ ejWWa^X^hiV \gVo^Z VY jcV XdckZco^dcZ Xdc aÉdgY^cZ YZ^ \^dgcVa^hi^# EZg fjVcid g^\jVgYV \a^ ^cXdcig^ cZaaZ hXjdaZ Z aÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ ZkZci^ XjaijgVa^! ^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hdcd Xd^ckdai^ Vii^kVbZciZ h^V VaaV [VhZ ^YZVi^kV X]Z V fjZaaV dg\VcôoVi^kV# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid ÆEgd\Ziid Y^ \^dgcVaZ +Ç Iô^VcV <^gVgY^ Z 6cYgZV IgjVci#

&..

H> B>CDG:

&%*

8=> H>6BD

K^V ;#aa^ EZg^c^! ++ (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& .''%**

egd\Zii^5h^b^cdgZ#^i lll#h^b^cdgZ#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

B^X]ZaZ 7Zoo^ egd\Zii^5h^b^cdgZ#^i

'%%

6XXgZYîViV VaaÉ6aWd Egdk^cX^VaZ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ YVa '%%- ^ciZcYZ egZhZciVgZ egd\Zii^ d[[gZcYd V^ \^dkVc^ ^ciZgZhhVi^ jcÉdeedgijcî| Y^ XgZhXîV cZaaZ bdaiZea^X^ Vii^kî| egdedhiZ YVaaÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ# w jcÉ dXXVh^dcZ eZg Xdcig^Wj^gZ Va b^\a^dgVbZcid YZa hZgkô^d d[[Zgid! cdcX] eZg edgiVgZ cjdk^ Xdcig^Wji^ Z XgZVi^kî| h^V V^ gV\Voo^ VXXdai^ h^V V Xdadgd X]Z fjdi^Y^VcVbZciZ deZgVcd Va hjd ^ciZgcd# 6aXjcZ YZaaZ Vii^kî| gZVaôoViZ Òcd VY d\\^ hdcd/ eZgXdghd ^c[dgbVi^kd hjaaV aZ\^haVo^dcZ ^c bViZg^V Y^ ^bb^\gVo^dcZ! eVgiZXêVo^dcZ VaaÉ^cô^Vi^kV ÆOZgd 8aêÇ Xdcigd aÉVWjhd Y^ VaXda igV ^ \^dkVc^! XgZVo^dcZ YZaaV bdhigV [did\gVÒXV Æ6aWVc^V">iVa^V/ iZggZ k^hhjiZ! iZggZ gVXXdciViZÇ! eVgiZXêVo^dcZ V iVkda^ Y^ aVkdgd iZggîdg^Va^ Z Xdghd ^ciZgcd Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ eZgbVcZciZ YZ\a^ ZYjXVidg^ ^c hZgkô^d#

&%+

8=> H>6BD

IZggZ 8dbjc^ jcÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ Y^ egdbdo^dcZ hdX^VaZ ^hXgîiV Va gZ\^higd egdk^cX^VaZ# HXded YZaaÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ aÉVc^bVo^dcZ Y^ Xdbjcî| ^ciZhV XdbZ egVi^XV hdX^VaZ ÒcVaôoViV VaaV egZhV Y^ XdhX^ZcoV Z Vaad hkâjeed YZaaZ aViZci^ ediZco^Vaî| ^chîZ cZ\a^ ^cY^k^Yj^ Z cZ^ \gjee^! ViigVkZghd egd\Zii^ [dgbVi^kd"XjaijgVa^ eZg Z Xdc â bdcYd \^dkVcâZ# AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ deZgV hja iZggîdg^d YZaaZ kVaa^ <^jY^XVg^Z Z Vii^kV egd\Zii^ cZ^ hZ\jZci^ VbWî^/ hXVbW^! ^cXdcig^ Z Xdc[gdci^ [gV \gjee^ Y^ \^dkVc^! eZgXdgh^ [dgbVi^k^! \Zhi^dcZ Y^ higjiijgZ Y^ VXXd\a^ZcoV XVhZ kVXVcoZ \gjee^ ! hedgiZaa^ iZggîdg^Va^ Y^ dg^ZciVbZcid! dg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ e^Vc^ \^dkVc^ Y^ odcV#

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

Jc \^dkVcZ X]Z kdaZhhZ [VgZ â HZkô^d 8^kâZ egZhhd fjZhiV VhhdX^Vo^dcZ igdkZgZWWZ Xdc XZgiZooV jc iZggZcd [ZgiâZ eZg b^hjgVgh^ hj ^cô^Vi^kZ iZcYZci^ V kVadgôoVgZ aZ ediZco^Vaî| YZ^ h^c\da^ ^c jc XdciZhid XdbjcîVg^d# 6aXjcZ ^cô^Vi^kZ h^\c^ÒXVi^kZ egdbdhhZ cZ\a^ jai^b^ Vcc^ hdcd hiViZ/ x IgV bVg^ Z bdci^ hXVbW^d igV \^dkVc^ igZci^c^ Z XVaVWgZh^ 0 x HiV\Z ^c >c\]âiZggV eZg ^beVgVgZ aV a^c\jV ^c\aZhZ0 x <Zhi^dcZ XVhZ kVXVcoZ eZg VXXd\a^ZcoV \gjee^ eVggdXX]^Va^ îVa^Vc^0 x 8Vbejh [dgbVi^k^ iZbVi^X^ eZg VYdaZhXZci^0 x 8daaVWdgVo^dc^ Xdc ZheZg^ZcoZ Vgi^hi^X]Z0 x Dg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ ZkZci^ XjaijgVa^ ^cXdcig^ Xdc eZghdcV\\^ [Vbdh^ #

'%&

J7< J76A96 7:II>C> <>G:AA6

&%,

8=> H>6BD

K^V 7ZcVXZchZ! (( (-%+- GdkZgZid IC iZaZ[dcd %)+) )'(.*[Vm %)+) )'(.*-

^c[d5VhhdX^Vo^dcZ\^gZaaV#^i lll#VhhdX^Vo^dcZ\^gZaaV#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

BVhh^bd OVbe^Zg^ bVhh^bd#oVbe^Zg^5VhhdX^Vo^d" cZ\^gZaaV#^i

'%'

AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ JWVaYV 7Zii^c^ <^gZaaV dcajh deZgV YVa &..% cZaaV Xîi| Y^ GdkZgZid! ^c XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc â 8dbjcZ Y^ GdkZgZid! â 8dbegZchdg^d YZaaV KVaaV\Vg^cV! aV Egdk^cX^V VjidcdbV Y^ IgZcid! \a^ >hiîji^ hXdaVhi^X^ Z ^ 8Zcig^ Y^ ;dgbVo^dcZ Egd[Zhh^dcVaZ YZa iZgg^" idg^d! aÉ6\Zco^V YZa AVkdgd! aZ 6o^ZcYZ Y^ egdYjo^dcZ Z Y^ hZgkô^ YZaaV odcV! \a^ :ci^ Z aZ 8ddeZgVi^kZ YZa eg^kVid hdX^VaZ# AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ! VeVgiî^XV Z hZcoV hXded Y^ ajXgd! h^ egd" edcZ Y^ \Zhi^gZ Vii^kî| Y^ cVijgV hdX^d"Vhh^hiZco^VaZ Z hdX^d"hVcîVg^V! Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ Z Y^ ^higjo^dcZ! g^kdaiZ V b^cdg^! VYdaZhXZci^ Z \^dkVc^ ^c hîjVo^dcZ Y^ Y^hV\^d Z Y^hVWâî| Z Y^ gZVaôoVgZ Z \Zhi^gZ Vii^kî| Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ! hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ! V\\^dgcVbZcid Z XdchjaZc" oV eZg egdbjdkZgZ egd[Zhh^dcVaî| ^c \gVYd Y^ ^ciZgkZc^gZ cZa hZiidgZ hdX^d"Vhh^hiZco^VaZ! VcX]Z gZVaôoVcYd egdeg^Z ejWWa^XVo^dc^# > eg^cXêVa^ VbWî^ YÉ^ciZgkZcid YZaaÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ g^\jVgYVcd aV egd\ZiiVo^dcZ Z aV \Zhi^d" cZ Y^ eZgXdgh^ ^cY^k^YjVaôoVi^ Y^ VaiZgcVcoV [dgbVo^dcZ$aVkdgd Z Y^ eZgXdgh^ ^cY^k^YjVaô" oVi^ Y^ hdhiZ\cd ZYjXVi^kd$hXdaVhi^Xd eZg VYdaZhXZci^ Z \^dkVc^ X]Z kZghVcd ^c hîjVo^dc^ Y^ Y^[ÒXdai|0 ^cdaigZ aÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ \Zhi^hXZ hja iZggîdg^d Y^ GdkZgZid ^ ÆAVWdgVidg^ YZa ;VgZÇ! ajd\]^ Y^ ^cXdcigd Z Y^ V\\gZ\Vo^dcZ eZg VYdaZhXZci^ Xdc aV egZhZcoV Y^ ZYjXVidg^ Z Y^ ZheZgi^ kdadciVg^# 6iijVabZciZ hdcd Vii^k^ ^ AVWdgVidg^ Y^/ bjai^bZY^Vaî|! XjX^cV! add` Z ^bbV\^cZ! VgiZ Z Wg^XdaV\Z! bVcjiZco^dcZ bdidg^c^ Z W^X^XaZiiZ0 ^ciZgkZci^ Y^ ZYjXVi^kV Ydb^Xâ^VgZ g^kdaid V WVbW^c^$gV\Voo^$VYdaZhXZci^ Z$d \^dkVc^ VYjai^ X]Z cdc ]Vccd VWWVcYdcVid â cj" XaZd [Vbâ^VgZ Z X]Z k^kdcd ^c jc XdciZhid bjaiêgdWaZbVi^Xd0 Vii^kî| Y^ XdchjaZcoV eZg egd\ZiiVo^dcZ! Vii^kVo^dcZ! \Zhi^dcZ! kZg^ÒXV Z kVajiVo^dcZ Y^ eZgXdgh^ [dgbVi^k^0 Vii^kî| Y^ XdchjaZcoV Xdc \Zcîdg^! ^chZ\cVci^! kdadciVg^! ZYjXVidg^! XdbZ hjeedgid V ^ciZgkZci^ Y^ XVgViiZgZ ZYjXVi^kd0 aV egdbdo^dcZ Z gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ ^cXdcig^! Y^WViiî^! Xdc[ZgZcoZ! XdckZ\c^! Xdgh^ Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ Xdc ZheZgi^ Y^ egdWaZb^ gZaVi^k^ Va bdcYd \^dkVcâZ! VcX]Z ^c XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc Vaig^ hd\\Zii^ YZa iZggîdg^d#

AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ VYZg^hXZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ^ccVco^ ijiid eZg d[[g^gZ V^ \^dkVc^ YZa iZggîdg^d jcÉdeedgijcî| Y^ XgZhXîV eZghdcVaZ ^c jcÉZheZg^ZcoV VaiVbZciZ [dgbVi^kV! XdaaVWdgVcYd Xdc \a^ ZYjXVidg^ cZaaV \Zhi^dcZ Y^ egd\Zii^ g^kdai^ V \^dkVc^ Z$d V gV\VooZ Z gV\Voo^ X]Z kZghVcd ^c hîjVo^dcZ Y^ Y^[ÒXdai|# AÉdW^Zii^kd eg^cXêVaZ aV kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZa kdadciVg^Vid cdc XdbZ WZcZÒXZcoV cZa hZc" hd Y^ YVgZ V^jid V X]^ ]V W^hd\cd ^c jcV gZaVo^dcZ Y^hZ\jVaZ igV X]^ Y| Z X]^ g^XZkZ bV XdbZ Vo^dcZ! aVkdgd X]Z h^ VYdeZgV V[ÒcX] aV [gjô^dcZ YZ^ Y^gîi^ h^V \VgVciîV XdcXgZiV" bZciZ V d\c^ XîiVY^cd Z hdegViijiid V fjVci^ hdcd igdeed YZWda^ eZg Y^[ZcYZgh^ YV hda^ Z! egdeg^d eZg fjZhid! hdcd he^ci^ kZghd odcZ Y^ ZhXajh^dcZ VhhdajiVbZciZ ^cidaaZgVWâ^# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd V^ egd\Zii^ ÆAVWdg6iidg^ YZa [VgZ " (S ZYô^dcZÇ 6gZh 6YVb^ Z 6ccV 8VcVa! Z ÆG>":H8DÇ HZgZcV 8dhiV! <^VcÒaêed GjWWjVcd Z GV[[ZaZ IjXX^VgZaa^#

&%-

8=> H>6BD

k^V 7ZaZcoVc^! &' (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& --&&'+

gZiidgZ5jcîc#î lll#jcîc#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

'%(

:CI> EGDK>C8>6A>

E6IG>BDC>D 6GI>HI>8D : 8JAIJG6A:

8DAA:<>D 6G8>K:H8DK>A: 8:A:HI>CD :C9G>8>

&%.

8=> H>6BD

K^V :cYg^X^ '( (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& &,(&'%% [Vm %)+& &,(&'--

XdaaZ\^d5VgX^kZhXdkâZigZcid#î lll#VgX^kZhXdkâZigZcid#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

;âêed <Vaa^ Òaêed\Vaa^5VgX^kZhXdkâZigZcid#î

'%*

8DBJC: 9> 76H:A<6 9> E>CÝ

&&%

8=> H>6BD

K^V 8ZhVgZ 7Vii^hi^! '' (-%)' 7VhZa\V Y^ E^c IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& **,%')

>a XdbjcZ Y^ 7VhZa\V Y^ E^c ! hjeZgÒX^Z Y^ @bf )%!-)! h^ ZhiZcYZ eZg aV bV\\^dg eVgiZ cZa hZiidgZ bZg^Y^dcVaZ YZaaÉ6aide^Vcd Y^ E^c ZY ^c e^XXdaV eVgiZ hjaaZ ZhigZbZ eZcY^X^ bZg^Y^dcVa^ YZaaV 8ViZcV YZa AV\dgV^# 8dciV X^gXV ),%% VWîVci^ ZY hjYY^k^hd ^c Y^ZX^ [gVo^dc^/ HVc BVjgd! IgZhhâaV! 7VhZa\V! K^\d Ä ;ZggVg^! BdciV\cV\V! B^daV! ;V^YV! G^XVaYd! HiZgc^\d! GôodaV\V# Hdgid Xdc ^ Xdbjc^ Y^ B^daV! 7ZYdaad Z AdcV AVhZh XdbZ jcî| Vbb^c^higVi^kV cZa &-,* hjaaZ XZcZg^ YZaaV Æ8dbjcî| YZaaZ gZ\daZ YZaaV BdciV\cV Y^ E^c Ç! ]V VXfj^hîd aÉZhiZch^dcZ ViijVaZ cZa &.'- Xdc aÉ^cXajh^dcZ YZa 8dbjcZ Y^ B^daV# >a 8dbjcZ! V [dgiZ kdXVo^dcZ ijg^hi^XV hkâjeeViV Òc YVa hZXdad M>M cZ^ YjZ eda^ Y^ ijg^hbd aVXjVaZ V HZggV^V Z gZa^\^dhd V BdciV\cV\V! d\\^ jcV YZaaZ e^ g^XdcdhX^jiZ adXVaî| Y^ ijg^hbd Zhi^kd YZaaV Egdk^cX^V Y^ IgZcid# : \gVo^Z Vaad HiVY^d YZa <]^VXX^d >XZ G^c` Y^ B^daV Y^kZciVid â eg^cXêVaZ XZcigd îVa^Vcd YZa eVii^cV\\^d kZadXî| hj \]^VXX^d# >a XdbjcZ Y^ 7VhZa\V Y^ E^c egdbjdkZ ad hkâjeed YZaaV egdeg^V 8dbjcî| hZXdcYd ^ eg^cXê^ Z aZ a^cZZ ZhegZhh^ YVa egdeg^d HiVijid 8dbjcVaZ#

X#WVhZa\VYê^cZ5Xdbjc^#^c[dic#î lll#XdbjcZ#WVhZa\VYê^cZ#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

BVg^cV ;ZggVg^ bVg^cV#[ZggVg^5Xdbjc^#^c[dic#^i

'%+

AV EjWWa^XV 7^Wa^diZXV 8dbjcVaZ Y^ 7VhZa\V Y^ E^c aÉV\Zco^V XjaijgVaZ Z ^c[dgbVi^kV hiVWâZ ^hiîjîV YVaaÉ6bb^c^higVo^dcZ 8dbjcVaZ eZg hdYY^h[VgZ ^ W^hd\c^ XjaijgVa^ Y^ WVhZ YZaaÉ^ciZgV 8dbjcî| adXVaZ# 6aaV Y^gZo^dcZ YZaaV hiZhhV V[ÒYViV aÉViijVo^dcZ YZaaZ ^cô^Vi^kZ XjaijgVa^ egdbdhhZ YVaaÉ6hhZhhdgVid 8dbjcVaZ VaaV 8jaijgV# AÉZheZg^ZcoV YZa 8dbjcZ Y^ 7VhZa\V Y^ E^c cZaaÉVbWîd YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ g^hVaZ Va &.-* Xdc aÉ^be^Z\d Y^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV egZhhd aV EjWWa^XV 7^Wa^diZXV! cZaaV fjVaZ Òcd Va '%%) YZX^cZ Y^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV ]Vccd egZhiVid hZgkô^d Xdc hdYY^h[Vo^dcZ gZXêgdXV# 8dc aV g^[dgbV YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ CVo^dcVaZ! aÉ6bb^c^higVo^dcZ 8dbjcVaZ ]V Xdch^YZgVid ^bedgiVciZ kVadgôoVgZ aÉZheZg^ZcoV dg\VcôoVi^kV Z \Zhi^dcVaZ bVijgViV cZa eVhhVid VYZgZcYd VaaV cjdkV deedgijcî|# AÉ^ciZco^dcZ Y^ egZhZciVgZ VccjVabZciZ jc egd\Ziid Y^ jiâî| XdbjcîVg^V cZa hZiidgZ YZaaÉZYjXVo^dcZ Z YZaaV egdbdo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ#

&&&

8=> H>6BD

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

IgViid YZaaV KVaaZ YZa HVgXV! hîjVid igV IdWa^cd Z G^kV YZa <VgYV VWîVid h^c YVaaÉVci^X]î|# HiVo^dcZ gdbVcV! aV bî^XV Xîi| Y^ @Vh d\\Ziid YZaaV aZ\\ZcYV X]Z aV k^YZ hZedaiV hdiid aV [gVcV YZaaZ BVgdXX]Z# CZa BZY^dZkd 9gd k^YZ aV Ydb^cVo^dcZ YZ^ HZ_Vc^ Y^hXZcYZci^ YV 8Vgad BV\cd X]Z Xdhigj^gdcd â adgd XVhiZaad hj jc Ydhhd edXd [jdg^ aÉVWîVid ZY ZhiZhZgd â adgd Ydb^c^d hjaaV KVaaZ Y^ 8VkZY^cZ Òcd Va &',(! fjVcYd hjWZcigVgdcd ^ 8dci^ YÉ6gXd# KZccZ g^heVgb^ViV YVaaÉ^cXZcY^d XdchZ\jZciZ VaaV eVhhViV YZa \ZcZgVaZ KZcYdbZ \gVo^Z VaaV YZkdo^dcZ V H#6cidc^d! Va fjVaZ YZY^XViV jcV YZaaZ X]^ZhZ YZa eVZhZ# <gVo^Z VaaV Wdc^ÒXV YZaaÉ-%%! 9gd Y^kZciV [VbdhV eZg â Xa^bV bîZ! eZg ^ k^c^ Z eZg aV Xdai^kVo^dcZ YZaaÉja^kd Z YZaaZ hjh^cZ# AV hjV cVijgV \^jg^Y^XV :ciZ iZggîdg^VaZ " Vjidcdbd Xdc ÒcVaî| egdeg^Z Z YZaZ\ViZ#

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ 9gd ^ciZcYZ Vkk^VgZ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ eZg ^chZg^gZ ^ \^dkVc^ ^c Y^kZghZ ^cô^Vi^kZ Y^ kVadgôoVo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ! fjVa^ Æ9gdYZhZgVÇ Z â egd\Ziid Y^ VgX]^k^Vo^dcZ YÉ^bbV\^c^ YZaaV hidg^V adXVaZ! Z eZg d[[g^gZ adgd aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ jcÉZheZg^ZcoV cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaÉVc^bVo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ Z ^c fjZaad YZaaZ W^Wa^diZX]Z# >a 8dbjcZ Y^ 9gd h^ VkkVahd ^c eVhhVid YZaaV egZhZcoV YZ\a^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV# 8dc aV g^[dgbV YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! aÉ6bb^c^higVo^dcZ XdbjcVaZ ]V gîZcjid Y^ g^ccdkVgZ iVaZ deedgijcî| V^ \^dkVc^ Va ÒcZ Y^ kVadgôoVgZ ^ egdeg^ hZgkô^! hjeedgiVcYd â eZghdcVaZ YZa 8dbjcZ Z ediZco^VcYd ^ hZgkô^ VaaÉjiZcoV# CZa '%%. ]Vccd eVgiZXêVid Va egd\Ziid ÆAZ higVYZ YZaaV bZbdg^VÇ CVY^cZ 6^h]V 8dci! AVjgV BVg^cZaa^ Z B^gXd BViiZdii^#

'%,

&&'

8=> H>6BD

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

'%-

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ AVkVgdcZ ]V dheîVid Xdci^cjVi^kVbZciZ! Òcd VaaV hjV hdheZch^dcZ! ZheZ" g^ZcoZ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hdhiîji^kd VaaV aZkV bâîVgZ! ^be^Z\VcYd \a^ dW^Ziidg^ cZ^ hZgkô^ XjaijgVa^ W^Wa^diZXV Z hdX^Va^ egd\Zii^ Y^ hdhiZ\cd V\a^ Vco^Vc^ # AÉVYZh^dcZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ KdadciVg^d gVeegZhZciV eZgiVcid jcV cjdkV iVeeV Y^ fjZhid eZgXdghd Y^ ViiZco^dcZ kZghd ^ \^dkVc^! YZ^ fjVa^ X^ h^ egdedcZ Y^ kVadgôoVgZ aZ fjVaî| Z aZ XdbeZiZcoZ cZaaÉVb" Wîd Y^ jcd hXVbW^d Z Y^ jcV XgZhXîV [dgbVi^kV ZY jbVcV gZXêgdX]Z# >c fjZhiÉdii^XV â 8dbjcZ Y^ AVkVgdcZ ^ciZcYZ egZhZciVgZ egd\Zii^ cZ\a^ VbWî^/ x YZa hdX^VaZ Vc^bVo^dcZ Z eVgiZXêVo^dcZ V egd\Zii^ g^\jVgYVci^ Vco^Vc^ Z \^dkVc^ 0 x YZaaÉZYjXVo^dcZ Z egdbdo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ egd\Zii^ Y^ egdbdo^dcZ YZa a^Wgd Z YZaaV aZi" ijgV ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ g^kdai^ V WVbW^c^ Z \^dkVc^! ZaVWdgVo^dcZ XdciZcji^ Z V\\^dgcVbZcid YZa hîd lZW YZaaV W^Wa^diZXV 0 x YZa eVig^bdc^d Vgi^hi^Xd Z XjaijgVaZ ^YZVo^dcZ! egd\ZiiVo^dcZ! ZhZXjo^dcZ Y^ aVWdgV" idg^ Y^YVii^X^ gZaVi^k^ VaaV Eg^bV \jZggV bdcY^VaZ Z aÉjhd YZaaZ [dci^ hidg^X]Z! ^YZVo^dcZ! egd\ZiiVo^dcZ ZY ZhZXjo^dcZ Y^ egd\Zii^ Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ " ^cXdcig^! Xdc[ZgZcoZ! VaaZhi^bZcid bdhigZ ZXX# # CZa '%%. ]Vccd eVgiZXêVid Va egd\Ziid ÆJcV W^Wa^diZXV eZg aV Xdbjcî|Ç ;gVcXZhXd 6ooda^c^ ZY :a^hV KZgidaY^#

8DBJC: 9> A:K>8D I:GB:

&&(

8=> H>6BD

K^V BVgXdc^ + (-%*+ AZk^Xd IZgbZ IC

iZaZ[dcd %)+& ,&%'(& [Vm %)+& ,%-*). Vii^kîVZXdcdb^X]ZhdX^Va^5 XdbjcZ#aZk^Xd"iZgbZ#ic#î lll#XdbjcZ#aZk^Xd"iZgbZ#ic#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

GdWZgid IgZci^c igZci^cgdWZgid5XdbjcZ#aZk^Xd" iZgbZ#ic#^i

'%.

&&)

8=> H>6BD

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

'&%

8DBJC: 9> IG:CID

&&*

8=> H>6BD

K^V 7ZaZcoVc^! &. (-&'' IgZcid

iZaZ[dcd %)+& --)')%"'(*%+'

lll#igZcid\^dkVc^#^i lll#XdbjcZ#igZcid#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

GdhVccV LZ\]Zg j[ÒX^dTedaî^X]Z\^dkVcâ^5Xdbj" cZ#igZcid#î

'&&

8DCHDGO>D IJG>HI>8D EGD AD8D K6A G:C9:C6

&&+

8=> H>6BD

K^V HVc K^\^a^d & (-%-- He^Vood IC iZaZ[dcd$[Vm %)+* -%&*)) XZaa ((* ,-()(')

^c[d5egdadXdkVagZcYZcV#^i lll#Xdchdgo^dkVagZcYZcV#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

9Vc^ZaV 8]Zh^ ^c[d5egdadXdkVagZcYZcV#^i

'&'

&&,

8=> H>6BD

K^V 9^Zigd aZ BjgV! 7$* (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+&&-''*.*

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

>a <gjeed XjaijgVaZ J8I Vii^kd YV e^ Y^ igZciÉVcc^! YV fjVcYd cZa &.,+ [dcY aÉdbdc^bV g^k^hiV! â Xj^ XVbed Y^ ^cYV\^cZ aV g^XZgXV XjaijgVaZ Z hdX^VaZ# <a^ d\\Zii^ YZaaÉVcVa^h^ heVo^Vcd YVaaV aZiiZgVijgV Va iZVigd! YVaaÉVgiZ VaaV bjh^XV! YVaaV [did\gVÒV Va X^cZbV Z VcX]Z V iZb^ fjVa^ aÉZbVg\^cVo^dcZ \^dkVc^! Vco^Vc^! Z YdccZ ! â Y^hVYViiVbZcid! aV hVcî|! aV eVXZ! aÉVbW^ZciZ Z aV hXjdaV# >a <gjeed XjaijgVaZ J8I cdc V ÒcZ Y^ ajXgd Z â hjd hiVijid egZkZYZ X]Z Zhhd VWW^V ÒcVaî| Y^ ejWWa^XV jiâî|# >a iîdad YZaaV cdhigV iZhiViV Jdbd! 8îi|! IZggîdg^d h^ egdedcZ d\\^ e^ X]Z bV^ ZbWaZbVi^Xd Z egdedhî^kd! ^c fjVcid Xdc^j\V! ^c jc gVeedgid Y^ gZXêgdXd g^heZiid! igZ Y^bZch^dc^/ fjZaaV ^cY^k^YjVaZ! fjZaaV XdaaZii^kV YZaaV Xdbjcî| XîiVY^cV Z fjZaaV YZaaÉVbW^ZciZ iZggîdg^VaZ X^gXdhiVciZ# AÉ^beZ\cd YZaaÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ h^ egd[jhd VcX]Z cZaaÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ Xdc[ZgZcoZ! ^cXdcig^ XjaijgVa^! XdckZ\c^! Z cZaaÉ^hiîjo^dcZ YZa egZb^d Æ>a IgZci^cd YZaaÉVccdÇ YVa &.-- # >a <gjeed J8I [V ^cdaigZ eVgiZ YZa Æ;dgjb EZgbVcZciZ IgZci^cd YZa IZgod HZiidgZÇ Z YZa Æ;dgjb IgZci^cd YZaaV EVXZÇ#

J8I YVa &.,- h^ VkkVahd YZa Xdcig^Wjid YZ\a^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV Z! Xdc aV g^[dgbV YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! ]V YZX^hd Y^ VYdiiVgZ aZ ^ccdkVo^dc^ ^cigdYdiiZ! gîZcZcYdaZ ZheZg^ZcoZ h^\c^ÒXVi^kZ eZg ^ \^dkVc^# 6YZg^gZ V^ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egdedhi^ YV J8I ej h^\c^ÒXVgZ eZg jc \^dkVcZ deedgijcî| Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ! ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ eZg fjVcid g^\jVgYV aÉZYîdg^V! aV bjai^bZY^Vaî| Z aV g^XZgXV hidg^XV! XdcXZcigVcYdh^ hj Vg\dbZci^ XjaijgVa^! hdX^Va^ ZY VbW^ZciVa^# > egd\Zii^ egdedhi^ Òcd VY dgV d[[gdcd V^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ aÉdXXVh^dcZ Y^ g^ÓZiiZgZ Z Veegd[dcY^gZ VaXjc^ iZb^ Y^ gâZkVcoV XjaijgVaZ Z hdX^VaZ Z Y^ XdcdhXZgZ aÉ^ciZgd egdXZhhd egdYjii^kd X]Z XdchZciZ aV ejWWa^XVo^dcZ Y^ jcV g^k^hiV# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Æ^ciZgVo^dcZ igV XjaijgV! VbW^ZciZ Z iZggîdg^d cZa XdciZhid adXVaZ Z cVo^dcVaZÇ 6g^VccV 8VaYdcVoo^! Iô^Vcd <gZ\dgn EZgj\^c^! 9Vc^ZaZ HVcija^VcV Z :a^hV OjXXdii^#

'&(

>HI>IJID 8DBEG:CH>KD 9> H8JDA6 EG>B6G>6 : H:8DC96G>6 K6AA: 9> A:9GD

&&-

8=> H>6BD

K^V <# 8^h! *& (-%+% A:9GD IC

iZaZ[dcd %)+) *.&%+, [Vm %)+) *.%'*)

gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

BVjg^o^d 8Vegdc^

'&)

a &&.

8=> H>6BD

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

9Zc^hZ 7ZgcVW Y#WZgcVWZ5bVgi#ic#^i

>a B6GI! BjhZd YÉ6giZ BdYZgcV Z 8dciZbedgVcZV Y^ IgZcid Z GdkZgZid! jcV \gVcYZ ^hiîjo^dcZ YZY^XViV VaaÉVgiZ bdYZgcV Z XdciZbedgVcZV Z hZgkZ VY ^ciZ\gVgZ Z \Zhi^gZ â kVhid eVig^bdc^d Vgi^hi^Xd Z aZ Vii^kî| cZa XVbed YZaaÉVgiZ YZaaV Egdk^cX^V VjidcdbV Y^ IgZcid# AV XdaaZo^dcZ eZgbVcZciZ YZa B6GI ^cXajYZ X^gXV &*#%%% deZgZ/ Yê^ci^! Y^hZ\c^! ^cX^h^dc^ Z hXjaijgZ! Xdc cjXaZ^ ^bedgiVci^ hdegViijiid eZg fjVcid g^\jVgYV aZ VkVc\jVgY^Z YZa CdkZXZcid# EZg hdYY^h[VgZ aZ bdaiZea^X^ Zh^\ZcoZ! XdchZgkVi^kZ! Zhedhî^kZ Z Y^YVii^X]Z! â BjhZd Vgi^XdaVid ^c Y^kZghZ hZY^/ x â BjhZd YÉ6giZ BdYZgcV Z 8dciZbedgVcZV Y^ IgZcid Z GdkZgZid aV hZYZ XZcigVaZ! dheîV \gVc eVgiZ YZaaÉVii^kî| Zhedhî^kV! ^ hZgkô^ Z \a^ j[ÒX^! daigZ V XjhidY^gZ aZ XdaaZo^dc^ Y^ VgiZ bdYZgcV Z XdciZbedgVcZV! aZ deZgZ Y^ ;dgijcVid 9ZeZgd Z â g^XXd [dcYd YZaaÉVg" X]^k^d YZa È.%%# x â EVaVood YZaaZ 6aWZgZ! V IgZcid! aV hZYZ YZaaZ XdaaZo^dc^ Y^ VgiZ îVa^VcV YZaaÉ-%%0 x aV 8VhV BjhZd 9ZeZgd V GdkZgZid#

>a BjhZd YÉVgiZ bdYZgcV Z XdciZbedgVcZV Y^ IgZcid Z GdkZgZid h^ VXXgZYîVid XdbZ ZciZ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Vaad hXded Y^ d[[g^gZ V^ Z VaaZ \^dkVc^ Y^ Zi| XdbegZhV igV ^ Y^X^diid Z ^ kZcidiid Vcc^ jcÉjaiZg^dgZ deedgijcî| Y^ XgZhXîV eZghdcVaZ Z egd[Zhh^dcVaZ# 8dchVeZkdaZ X]Z iVaZ ZheZg^ZcoV YZWWV g^hedcYZgZ VY jc XgîZg^d Y^ jiâî| hdX^VaZ! â BVgi ^ciZcYZ egZhZciVgZ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ X]Z XdbedgiZgVccd â Xd^ckda\^bZcid Y^gZiid YZ^ kdadciVg^ cZaaZ egdeg^Z Vii^kî|# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid ÆBVgi/ Y^YVii^XV! bZY^Vo^dcZ Z Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ Va ejWWa^XdÇ C^XdaZiiV 7VgW^Zg^! :aZcV 8]^cZaaVid Z KVaZg^V BVgX]^! Va egd\Ziid ÆGZ\^higVgZ Z XdchZgkVgZ AÉ Vii^kî| VgX]^k^hi^XV Z Y^ gZhiVjgd XdbZ higjbZci^ Y^ HijY^d Z ijiZaV YZa eVig^bdc^d bjhZVaZ#Ç <VWg^ZaZ 6cZh^! ;ZYZg^XV 9VaaV EdgiV Z <^ja^V 9Vci^#

museo di arte moderna e contemporanea di trento e roveret o

a '&*

BJH:D 9:<A> JH> : 8DHIJB> 9:AA6 <:CI: IG:CI>C6

&'%

8=> H>6BD

K^V :# BVX]! ' (-%&% H# B^X]ZaZ V$6Y^\Z IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& %)+&+*%(&) [Vm %)+&+*%,%(

^c[d5bjhZdhVcb^X]ZaZ#^i lll#bjhZdhVcb^X]ZaZ#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

9Vc^ZaV ;^cVgY^ Y#ÒcVgY^5bjhZdhVcb^X]ZaZ#^i

'&+

&'&

8=> H>6BD

a^hVTc^Xdajhh^5bihc#ic#^i lll#bihc#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

a^hVTc^Xdajhh^5bihc#ic#^i

<^| ^c eVhhVid â BjhZd ]V bVijgVid jcV ajc\V ZheZg^ZcoV cZaaÉVXXd\a^ZcoV YZ\a^ ÆdW^Zi" idg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoVÇ# AV edhh^Wâî| d\\^ Y^ Xd^ckda\ZgZ cZaaZ egdeg^Z Vii^kî| gV\Voo^ Z gV\Vo" oZ X]Z hXZa\dcd aV cjdkV [dgbV Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! k^ZcZ VXXdaiV Xdc \gVcYZ Zcijh^Vhbd ^c jc BjhZd ^c Xdci^cjV ZheVch^dcZ Z XgZhXîV#7Zc XdchVeZkdaZ X]Z aÉZheZg^ZcoV YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ YZkZ Xdhiîj^gZ Z[[Zii^kVbZciZ jc bdbZcid Y^ XgZhXîV eZghdcVaZ Z Y^ b^\a^dgVbZcid YZaaZ XVeVXî| YZ^ \^dkVc^! Z g^hedcYZgZ VY jc XgîZg^d Y^ jiâî| hdX^VaZ! â BjhZd ]V ZaVWdgVid ^c eVhhVid! heZX^ÒX^ Z WZc YZiiV\a^Vi^ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ X]Z egZkZYdcd aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ Vii^kî| Y^kZghZ V hZXdcYV YZaaZ Y^[[ZgZci^ hZo^dc^ ^c Xj^ â \^dkVcZ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ k^ZcZ ^chZgîd# =Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Æ>ckZciVg^d Z <Zhi^d" cZ YZaaZ XdaaZo^dc^ cVijgVa^hi^X]Z YZa BjhZd Ig^YZci^cd Y^ HX^ZcoZ CVijgVa^Ç BVgi^cV Bdc" iVcVg^! GVX]ZaZ EaVc`! GdhhVcV IdYZhXd Z AjXV IdaYd0 Va egd\Ziid Æ> HZgkô^ :YjXVi^k^ YZa BjhZd Ig^YZci^cd Y^ HX^ZcoZ CVijgVa^Ç :a^hV 8]^hi Z G^XXVgYd I^YY^0 Va egd\Ziid ÆBjhZ^ igV hX^ZcoV Z hdX^ZiVÉ/kZghd jcV cjdkV YZÒcô^dcZ Y^ bjhZd XdciZbedgVcZdÇ <^dkVcc^ 6\dhiVc^! BVgi^cV 7ViiVc Z BVgiV <ZccVgd# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Æ6ci^X]Z kVg^Zi| Z e^VciZ jc^X]Z! jcV Y^kZghî| YV egdiZ\\ZgZÇ A^hV 6c\Za^X^ Z <^jhZeeZ BZcZ\do0 Va egd\Ziid Æ>ckZciVg^d Z <Zhi^dcZ YZaaZ XdaaZo^dc^ cVijgVa^hi^X]Z YZa BjhZd Ig^YZci^cd Y^ HX^ZcoZ CVijgVa^Ç BVgi^cV BdciVcVg^! GVX]ZaZ EaVc`! GdhhVcV IdYZhXd Z AjXV IdaYd0 Va egd\Ziid Æ> HZgkô^ :YjXVi^k^ YZa BjhZd Ig^YZci^cd Y^ HX^ZcoZ CVijgVa^Ç :a^hV 8]^hi Z G^XXVgYd I^YY^0 Va egd\Ziid ÆBjhZ^ igV hX^ZcoV Z hdX^ZiVÉ/kZghd jcV cjdkV YZÒcô^dcZ Y^ bjhZd XdciZbedgVcZdÇ <^dkVcc^ 6\dhiVc^! BVgi^cV 7ViiVc Z BVgiV <ZccVgd#

'&,

EGD AD8D 96GOD

&''

8=> H>6BD

E^VooV MK> 6gi^\a^Zg^V &%$V (-%-. 96GOD IC iZaZ[dcd %)+* .%&'&, [Vm %)+* .%%(()

^c[d5egdadXdYVgod#^i lll#egdadXdYVgod#^i

AV Egd AdXd cViV cZa &.+(# H^c YVaaV hjV cVhXîV ]V Vkjid jc gjdad [dcYVbZciVaZ eZg ad hkâjeed hdX^VaZ Z XjaijgVaZ YZa eVZhZ Y^ 9Vgod# <a^ dWW^Zii^k^ eg^cXêVa^ YZaaÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ egZkZYdcd/ " g^jc^gZ ^c VhhdX^Vo^dcZ ijii^ Xdadgd X]Z ]Vccd ^ciZgZhhZ Vaad hkâjeed ijg^hi^Xd Z XjaijgVaZ YZa iZggîdg^d0 " egdbjdkZgZ! XddgY^cVgZ Z \Zhi^gZ ^cô^Vi^kZ Z Vii^kî| " ^k^ XdbegZhZ fjZaaZ Y^ VWWZaa^" bZcid Ä VcX]Z Y^ ^ciZgZhhZ g^XgZVi^kd Z hedgi^kd ^c XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc Vaig^ dg\Vc^hb^0 " ^hiîj^gZ aÉj[ÒX^d ^c[dgbVo^dc^ Z Y^ VXXd\a^ZcoV ijg^hi^XV0 " egdedggZ ^cô^Vi^kZ Y^ hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ eZg â g^heZiid YZaaÉVbW^ZciZ0 " hkda\ZgZ! ^c bVc^ZgV Vjhâ^Vg^V Z hjhh^Y^Vg^V! Vii^kî| Y^ kZcYîV Z ^ciZgbZY^Vo^dcZ Y^ eVXX]Zii^ ijg^hi^X^# AV Egd AdXd Y^ 9Vgod ^beZ\cViV hj bdai^ [gdci^/ eZg fjVcid g^\jVgYV aÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ Vii^kî| g^XgZVi^kZ Z Y^ hdX^VaôoVo^dcZ gZVaôoV aZ bVc^[ZhiVo^dc^ e^ igVYô^dcVa^ XdbZ Æ9Vgod ^c hV\gV! ;ZhiV Y^ XVgcZkVaZ! ;ZhiV YZa eVigdcd! ;ZhiV ^c bdciV\cV! Vii^kî| cViVaô^ZÇ0 XdaaVWdgV! Xdc \a^ Zci^ YZaaV Xdbjcî| adXVaZ! cZaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ ^cô^Vi^kZ eVgi^XdaVg^ XdbZ aV Æ;ZhiV YZa [daàdgZ Z YZaaÉ:b^\gVo^dcZÇ Xdc â 8dbjcZ Y^ Hidgd! aZ Æ6hhZbWaZZ ^hiîjo^dcVa^ Y^ 8VhhV GjgVaZ! 8ddeZgVi^kV Z 8dchdgo^d :aZiig^XdÇ# 6aigV Vii^kî| g^hZgkViV Vaad hkâjeed YZa eVig^bdc^d hidg^d"XjaijgVaZ ViigVkZghd â egd\Ziid YZcdb^cVid ÆAV HigVYV YZaaZ B^c^ZgZÇ#

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

8^co^V 8db^cdii^ X^co^V5k^h^iX]^ZhZ#^i

'&-

AV Egd AdXd! ^hXgîiV VaaÉVaWd YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ YVa '%%.! ^ciZcYZ d[[g^gZ V^ \^dkVc^ aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ heZg^bZciVgh^! eg^cXêVabZciZ! ^c eZgXdgh^ ^c Vii^kî| Y^ gZXjeZgd YZa eVig^bdc^d hidg^Xd"XjaijgVaZ Z YZaaV kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZa iZggîdg^d# H^ gî^ZcZ X]Z aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ heZcYZgh^ ^c eg^bV eZghdcV ^c iVa^ Vii^kî|! edhhV hi^bdaVgZ cZ^ \^dkVc^ ^YZZ Z XgZVi^kî| cZXZhhVg^Z V Xdhigj^gZ egd[Zhh^dcVaî| ^c adXd! daigZ VY Vjhe^XVgZ Y^ ediZg Xdh Xdcig^Wj^gZ V a^bîVgZ aÉZhdYd YZ^ \^dkVc^ kZghd ^ XZcig^ jgWVc^ e^ k^X^c^# AV Egd AdXd! ^c[Vii^! YV VaXjc^ Vcc^ ^beZ\cViV cZaad hkâjeed Y^ jc egd\Ziid V XVgViiZgZ hidg^Xd"XjaijgVaZ â Xj^ hXded eg^cXêVaZ Y^ gêZgXdggZgZ aV hidg^V YZaaV Xdbjcî| adXVaZ! gZXjeZgVcYdcZ â eVig^bdc^d bViZg^VaZ ViigZoo^! YdXjbZci^! [did\gVÒZ Z ^bbViZg^VaZ g^XdgY^! ^ciZgk^hiZ! bZbdg^Z #

&'(

8=> H>6BD

K^V 7ZaZcoVc^! &' (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& --&&'+

gZiidgZ5jcîc#î lll#jcîc#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

'&.

:CI> EGDK>C8>6A>

6B7>:CI:

8DBJC: 9> 6G8D

&')

8=> H>6BD

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

''&

8DBJC: 9> 8:CI6 H6C C>8DADÉ

&'*

8=> H>6BD

K^V Bjc^X^e^d! ' (-%)% 8ZciV HVc C^Xda IC iZaZ[dcd %)+, ,'''') [Vm %)+, ,''',.

X#XZciVhVcc^Xdad5Xdbjc^# ^c[dic#^i lll#XdbjcZ#XZciVhVcc^Xdad# ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

8^co^V ;g^hVcXd Xh[g^hVcXd5Va^XZ#^i

'''

8DBJC: 9> A6K6GDC:

&'+

8=> H>6BD

;gVo^dcZ <^dc\]^! &%, (-%)+ AVkVgdcZ IC iZaZ[dcd %)+) ,-(-('

aVkVgdcZ5W^Wa^d#^c[dic#^i lll#XdbjcZ#aVkVgdcZ#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

BdgZcV 7ZgidaY^ aVkVgdcZ5W^Wa^d#^c[dic#^i

''(

&',

8=> H>6BD

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

'')

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ GdbVaad jc ZciZ ejWWa^Xd iZggîdg^VaZ Xdc X^gXV +%% VWîVci^ hîjVid ^c KVaaZ Y^ Cdc cZaaV odcV YZaaV ÆIZgoV HedcYVÇ# AV gZVai| ZXdcdb^XV Z hdX^VaZ ^c Xj^ deZgV egZkVaZciZbZciZ V\g^XdaV VcX]Z hZ cZ\a^ jai^b^ Vcc^! h^V eZg bZgîd YZaaÉVii^kî| Y^ egd\gVbbVo^dcZ hkdaiV YVa 8dbjcZ X]Z eZg Zh^\ZcoZ Y^ XVgViiZgZ Xdci^c\ZciZ! h^ hiVccd egd\gZhh^kVbZciZ V[[ZgbVcYd VaigZ Vii^kî| ZXdcdb^X]Z ^ciZ\gVi^kZ WVhViZ hja ijg^hbd hdhiZc^WâZ# 6a ÒcZ Y^ hkâjeeVgZ Z VjbZciVgZ iVa^ Vii^kî|! aÉVbb^c^higVo^dcZ XdbjcVaZ h^ Vii^kViV! ^c XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc Vaig^ Zci^ ejWWa^X^! eZg gZVaôoVgZ jc eVgXd Ójk^VaZ Z hiV egd\gVbbVcYd kVg^Z VaigZ ^cô^Vi^kZ X]Z edhhVcd Y^kZgh^ÒXVgZ aÉVii^kî| ZXdcdb^XV a^bîVcYd aV eZg^XdadhV YêZcYZcoV YVaaV bdcdXdaijgV YZaaV bZaV#

6a ÒcZ Y^ gVkk^kVgZ Z Y^kZgh^ÒXVgZ aÉVii^kî| ZXdcdb^XV Z hdX^VaZ YZaaV odcV Z \VgVci^gZ aV edhh^Wâî| V eZghdcZ \^dkVc^ Y^ egZhiVgZ aV egdeg^V XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ eZg aV XgZhXîV YZaaV Xdbjcî| Y^ GdbVaad Z YZ^ eVZh^ a^bîgdÒ! â 8dbjcZ Y^ GdbVaad dgV ^hXgîid VaaÉ6aWd Egdk^cX^VaZ YZ\a^ Zci^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ# DW^Zii^kd eg^cXêVaZ YZa egd\Ziid ad hkâjeed YZaaÉVii^kî| hdX^VaZ! XjaijgVaZ Z ijg^hi^XV YZaaV odcV ^c XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc â XZcigd 8VggZ[djg YZaaZ 6ae^# CZa '%%. ]V eVgiZXêVid Va egd\Ziid ÆHkâjeed hdhiZc^WâZ Z kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZaaV g^hdghV VXfjV cZa EVgXd ;ajk^VaZ YZa CdkZaaVÇ 6c^V EViZgcdhiZg#

8DBJC: 9> GDK:G:ID &'-

8=> H>6BD

E^VooV EdYZhi|! && (-%+- GdkZgZid IC

iZaZ[dcd %)+) )*'&&&

lll#XdbjcZ#gdkZgZid#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

EVdaV 7gjhVedgXd WgjhVedgXdeVdaV5XdbjcZ# gdkZgZid#ic#^i

''*

&'.

8=> H>6BD

K^V 7ZaZcoVc^! &. (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& --)')%

lll#igZcid\^dkVc^#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

''+

>a 8dbjcZ Y^ IgZcid h^ ^beZ\cVid cZaaÉVXXd\a^ZcoV Y^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ViigV" kZghd egd\Zii^ kdai^ V Xdhiîj^gZ deedgijcî| Y^ hdX^VaôoVo^dcZ! XgZVi^kî|! egd\ZiijVaî| Z [dgbVo^dcZ# Egd\Zii^ XVeVX^ Y^ egdbjdkZgZ jcV XjaijgV YZaaV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ Z YZaaV Xî" iVY^cVcoV Vii^kV! Y^ hdhiZcZgZ ^ eZgXdgh^ Y^ XgZhXîV eZghdcVaZ Z egd[Zhh^dcVaZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ Z Y^ ^cigdYjggZ ZaZbZci^ ^ccdkVi^k^ Z Y^ fjVaî|! cZaaÉVo^dcZ YZaaÉ6bb^c^higVo^dcZ# CZa '%%. ]Vccd eVgiZXêVid Va egd\Ziid ÆHide V^ g^Òji^Ç Z ÆIgZcid@ndid " XZgXVh^ kdadciVg^ eZg hZch^WâôoVgiZ ^ XîiVY^c^ YZa 8dbjcZ Y^ IgZcid hj^ g^Òji^ ZY ZcZg\^VÇ BVg^V <gVo^V <^VXdbdc^ Z Hâk^V IVgiZg#

8DBJC: 9> K>AA6 A6<6G>C6

&(%

8=> H>6BD

E^V ooZiiV :# HXg^co^! ( (-%+% KâaV AV\Vg^cV IC iZaZ[dcd %)+) ).)''' %)+) ).)'%[Vm %)+) ).)'&, hZ\gZiZg^V5XdbjcZ# kâaVaV\Vg^cV#ic#î lll#XdbjcZ#kâaVaV\Vg^cV#ic#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

B^gi^h 7VaYZhhVgZaa^

XjaijgV5XdbjcZ#k^aaVaV\Vg^cV# ic#^i

9dXjbZciVid V eVgi^gZ YVa bZY^dZkd hZXda^ M>>"M>>> ! â 8dbjcZ Y^ KâaV AV\Vg^cV! hjW ^c ZedXV cVedaZdc^XV &-&% Z fj^cY^ YjgVciZ â \dkZgcd [VhX^hiV &.'. YZaaZ bdY^ÒX]Z ^hiîjo^dcVa^! ^c hZ\jîd VaaZ fjVa^ Vaig^ Xdbjc^ kZccZgd V\\gZ\Vi^ V KâaV AV\Vg^cV# CZa &.** VkkZccZ â YZÒcî^kd VhhZiid! ^c WVhZ Va fjVaZ â XdbjcZ d\\^ [dgbVid YVa XVedajd\d KâaV AV\Vg^cV &-% b# hab! &+'% VWîVci^ Z YVaaZ [gVo^dc^/ EZYZghVcd )%% b# hab! -)( VWîVci^ ! 8VhiZaaVcd -%% b# hab *.+ VWîVci^ Z E^Vood '%% b# hab (+- VWîVci^ # 6aigZ adXVaî| VWîViZ Y^ jcV XZgiV ^bedgiVcoV hdcd 8Zhj^cd Z 8Z^# 9ViV aV hjV edhô^dcZ XZcigVaZ g^heZiid VaaÉVgZV aV\Vg^cV! Va XdaaZ\VbZcid edciZ Xdc aV k^X^cV XîiVY^cV Y^ GdkZgZid! Va XdaaZ\VbZcid Y^gZiid XVhZaad Xdc aV gZiZ VjidhigVYVaZ! VaaÉZh^hiZcoV Y^ ^bedgiVci^ hZgkô^ ejWWa^X^ hXjdaZ! h^XjgZooV! egZh^Y^ bZY^X^! ^hiîjo^dc^ XjaijgVa^ ! VY jcV k^kVXZ kîV ZXdcdb^XV Z egdYjii^kV! KâaV AV\Vg^cV h^ edcZ XdbZ XZcigd Y^ g^[Zg^bZcid eZg ^ Xdbjc^ YZaaV YZhigV 6Y^\Z a^bîgdÒ# KâaV AV\Vg^cV ej XdciVgZ! ^cdaigZ! h^V hj ^bedgiVci^ kVaZcoZ hidg^Xd"XjaijgVa^/ eVaVoo^ h^\cdgâ^ YZa XZcigd hidg^Xd YZa XVedajd\d! X]^ZhV VgXêgZiVaZ Y^ HVciV BVg^V 6hhjciV Xdch^YZgViV igV aZ bVhh^bZ ZhegZhh^dc^ Y^ VgiZ WVgdXXV V a^kZaad egdk^cX^VaZ! ;âVid^d Y^ E^Vood! BjhZd 9^dXZhVcd0 h^V hj ^ciZgZhhVci^ kVaZcoZ VbW^ZciVa^ fjVaZ ad heaZcY^Yd aV\]Ziid Vae^cd Y^ 8Z^! hîd Y^ ^ciZgZhhZ XdbjcîVg^d Z g^hZgkV cVijgVaZ#

AÉ6bb^c^higVo^dcZ XdbjcVaZ Y^ KâaV AV\Vg^cV ]V kdajid VYZg^gZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Xdc ad hXded Y^ hkâjeeVgZ egd\Zii^ X]Z VWW^Vcd! Va XdciZbed! g^XVYjiZ hjaaÉ^ciZgV Xdbjcî| Z hj^ \^dkVc^ Xd^ckdai^# Eg^dgîVg^d fj^cY^ â Xd^ckda\^bZcid YZ^ \^dkVc^ ^c Vii^kî| XdcXgZiZ X]Z edhhdcd g^\jVgYVgZ ^ e^ Y^kZgh^ VbWî^ igV Xj^ aV XjaijgV! aÉVbW^ZciZ Z iVci^ Vaig^ ^bedgiVci^ iZb^! hZbegZ e^ ^c Zkdajo^dcZ! fjVaZ VY ZhZbe^d â lZa[VgZ# > egd\Zii^ hVgVccd â e^ edhh^WâZ VYZgZci^ Va iZggîdg^d Z VaaZ Zh^\ZcoZ YZaaÉ:ciZ hZcoV! ijiiVk^V! eZgYZgZ Y^ k^hiV \a^ hXde^ egZX^h^ edhi^ YVa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Z YdkgVccd VkZgZ! ^c jc egdhh^bd [jijgd! XVgViiZgZ Y^ hdkgVXdbjcVaî|#

'',

8DCHDGO>D IJG>HI>8D EGD AD8D K6A G:C9:C6

&(&

8=> H>6BD

K^V HVc K^\^a^d & (-%-- He^Vood IC iZaZ[dcd$[Vm %)+* -%&*)) XZaa ((* ,-()(')

^c[d5egdadXdkVagZcYZcV#^i lll#Xdchdgo^dkVagZcYZcV#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

9Vc^ZaV 8]Zh^ ^c[d5egdadXdkVagZcYZcV#^i

''-

:CI: E6G8D E6C:K:<<>D " E6A: 9> H6C B6GI>CD

&('

8=> H>6BD

AdXVa^i| 8VhiZae^ZigV ' (-%*) IdcVY^Xd IC iZaZ[dcd %)(. +)-*) [Vm %)(. ,+')&.

^c[d5eVgXdeVc#dg\ lll#eVgXdeVc#dg\

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

''.

>HI>IJID 8DBEG:CH>KD 9> H8JDA6 EG>B6G>6 : H:8DC96G>6 K6AA: 9> A:9GD

&((

8=> H>6BD

K^V <# 8^h! *& (-%+% A:9GD IC

iZaZ[dcd %)+) *.&%+, [Vm %)+) *.%'*)

gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

BVjg^o^d 8Vegdc^

'(%

&()

8=> H>6BD

a^hVTc^Xdajhh^5bihc#ic#^i lll#bihc#ic#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

a^hVTc^Xdajhh^5bihc#ic#^i

'(&

JC>K:GH>I¿ 9:<A> HIJ9> Y^ IG:CID

&(*

8=> H>6BD

k^V 7ZaZcoVc^! &' (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& --&&'+

gZiidgZ5jcîc#î lll#jcîc#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

'('

:CI> EGDK>C8>6A>

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: 6AAÉ:HI:GD

gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

66I 6HHD8>6O>DC: 6B>8> IG:CI>C>

&(+

8=> H>6BD AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ 6b^X^ IgZci^c^ dcajh cVhXZ ^c KVahj\VcV cZa &.-% Xdc aV ÒcVaî| Y^ b^\a^dgVgZ aZ XdcYô^dc^ bdgVa^! bViZg^Va^! hdX^Va^ YZ^ b^cdg^ ^c hiVid Y^ cZXZhhî| Z Y^ VWWVcYdcd# CZaaÉ-) g^XdcdhX^bZcid YZaaV eZghdcVaî| \^jg^Y^XV YVaaV E#6#I#! YVa &..,g^XdcdhX^jiV Dcajh Z YVa '%%% :ciZ 6jidgôoVid eZg aÉVYdo^dcZ ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ# Ajc\d â XVbb^cd kdadciVg^hi^Xd " hda^YVaZ eZgXdghd eZg aV egdbdo^dcZ YZa [jijgd YZ^ WVbW^c^ ^c Y^[ÒXdai|! h^ higjiijgViV ^c YjZ VbWî^ deZgVi^k^/ & egdbdo^dcZ Y^ egd\Zii^ Y^ XddeZgVo^dcZ ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ Z ^cô^Vi^kZ Y^ hdhiZ\cd ^cY^k^YjVaZ V Y^hiVcoV V [VkdgZ Y^ WVbW^c^$gV\Voo^ Z YZaaZ adgd [Vb^\a^Z cZa eVZhZ Y^ dg^\^cZ0 & egdbdo^dcZ YZaaÉVYdo^dcZ eZg ^ WVbW^c^ ^c hiVid Y^ idiVaZ Z YZÒcî^kd VWWVcYdcd# 8daaVWdg^Vbd eg^cXêVabZciZ Xdc >cY^V Z CZeVa ^c 6h^V Z Xdc 7da^k^V! 8dadbW^V! ZY :XjVYdg ^c 6bZg^XV AVi^cV#

K^V :hiZgaZ! '+ (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& '+%).%

igZcid5Vb^XîgZci^c^#î lll#Vb^XîgZci^c^#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

Hâk^V 8g^hi^cV OVc\gVcYd igZcid5Vb^XîgZci^c^#î

'()

6HHD8>6O>DC: Y^ KDADCI6G>6ID IG:B:B7w &(,

8=> H>6BD

K^V YZaaÉ6aWZgV! '* XZcigd BVgc^\]Z (-&'( 8d\cdaV Y^ IgZcid IC

igZbZbWZ#dcajh5\bV^a#Xdb lll#igZbZbWZ#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

AÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ IgZbZbW Dcajh cVhXZ V IgZcid cZa bVgod É.. Z h^ dXXjeV Y^ b^Xgd"egd" \Zii^ Y^ XddeZgVo^dcZ Vaad hkâjeed Z Y^ hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ ZY ZYjXVo^dcZ Vaad hkâjeed! VaV bdcY^Vaî| ZY VaaÉ^ciZgXjaijgVaî|# x >c IgZci^cd dg\VcôoV d\c^ Vccd jc Xdghd Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ g^kdaid V^ \^dkVc^ Z V\a^ VYjai^ hja iZbV YZaaV bdcY^Vaî| Z XddeZgVo^dcZ ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ! X]Z h^ XdcXajYZ Xdc jc k^V\" \^d ^c 7gVhâZ Z cZ^ 7VaXVc^ Z aZ Æ8ZcZ YZaaÉ6aigd BdcYdÇ! jcV YZaaZ bVc^[ZhiVo^dc^ e^ h^\c^ÒXVi^kZ cZa eVcdgVbV ^ciZgXjaijgVaZ igZci^cd# x CZa cdgY"Zhi YZa 7gVhâZ VXXdbeV\cV â egd\Ziid ÆIjg^hbd GZhedchVWâZÇ X]Z ]V edgiVid ÒcdgV '%%% eZgcdiiVbZci^ cZa kâaV\\^d IgZbZbW 0 â Egd\Ziid Æ7dYZ\VÇ! jc ^ccdkVi^kd egd\Ziid Y^ XdbbZgX^d Zfjd Z hda^YVaZ X]Z eZgbZiiZ VY jcV igZci^cV Y^ Xdbjcî| Y^ kZcYZgZ ^ egdeg^ egdYdii^ V\g^Xda^ Z Vgi^\^VcVa^0 â Egd\Ziid Æ8dXdÇ WVhVid hj Y^ jcV e^XXdaV [VWWg^XV X]Z eZgbZiiZ Y^ hbVai^gZ Z cZaad hiZhhd iZbed kVadgôoVgZ aV WjXX^V Y^ XdXXd hZXXd0 â Egd\Ziid Æ8dfjZg^c]dÇ X]Z jc egd\Ziid egZhZciVid V Edgid 6aZ\gZ XdbZ bdYZaad Y^ hkâjeed V\gd"ijg^hi^Xd XdbjcîVg^d ZY â Egd\Ziid 8Zcigd Y^jgcd EZYZ\gVa! X]Z Xdch^hiZ ^c jc ejcid Y^ g^[Zg^bZcid eZg ^ gV\Voo^ ZY VYdaZhXZci^ ^c XdcYô^dcZ Y^ g^hX]^d Ygd\V! egdhiîjo^dcZ Z [jgid # x CZ^ 7VaXVc^ VXXdbeV\cV jc egd\Ziid X]Z b^gV VaaV Xdhigjo^dcZ YZaaV gZiZ YZa Ijg^hbd GZhedchVWâZ Z aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ YZaaV eg^bV X^Xad"ijg^hi^XV ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ cZ^ 7VaXVc^#

8dc aÉ^hXgô^dcZ VaaÉ6aWd egdk^cX^VaZ YZ\a^ Zci^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! aÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ ^ciZcYZ YVgZ aÉdeedgijcî|! VY VaXjc^ \^dkVc^ [dgiZbZciZ bdi^kVi^! Y^ eVgiZXêVgZ V egd\Zii^ ZY ^cô^Vi^kZ Y^ XddeZgVo^dcZ Vaad hkâjeed cZa HjY YZa BdcYd! Y^ hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ Z Y^ ^ciZgXjaijgVaî|! k^kZcYd ZheZg^ZcoZ Y^ XgZhXîV eZghdcVaZ#

8]^VgV <]ZiiV ((* +.)*+%+ igZbZbWZ#dcajh5\bV^a#Xdb

'(*

8DCH><A>D EGDK>C8>6A: Y^ IG:CID

;DGJB IG:CI>CD E:G A6 E68: : > 9>G>II> JB6C>

&(-

8=> H>6BD

X$d 8dch^\a^d Egdk^cX^VaZ <VaaZg^V <VgWVg^! &' (-&'' IgZcid

iZaZ[dcd %)+& '&(&,+ [Vm %)+& '&(&*& [dgjb#eVXZ5Xdch^\a^d#egdk^cX^V# ic#^i lll#[dgjbeVXZ#^i

gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

;gVcXZhXV OZc^

'(+

>a ;dgjb IgZci^cd eZg aV EVXZ Z ^ Y^gîi^ jbVc^ hkda\Z YV &- Vcc^ jc gjdad Vii^kd Y^ egdbdo^dcZ Z Veegd[dcY^bZcid YZaaZ iZbVi^X]Z aZ\ViZ VaaV XdcdhXZcoV Z egdbdo^dcZ H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: YZ^ Y^gîi^ Ä d\c^ \ZcZgVo^dcZ Y^ Y^gîi^ Ä! YZaaV XjaijgV YZaaV eVXZ! YZaaV cdck^daZcoV! YZa g^heZiid YZaaÉVbW^ZciZ Z Y^ d\c^ Y^kZghî|# 6ii^kd YV Vcc^ cZaaÉZYjXVo^dcZ YZ^ e^ \^dkVc^! â ;dgjb IgZci^cd eZg aV EVXZ Z ^ Y^gîi^ jbVc^ VYZg^hXZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ eZg kVadgôoVgZ aV XgZVi^kî| Z aÉVeedgid [dcYVbZciVaZ X]Z gV\VooZ Z gV\Voo^ edhhdcd YVgZ cZaaV egd\ZiiVo^dcZ Z ViijVo^dcZ YZ^ aVkdg^ YZ\a^ Vcc^ egdhh^b^! X]Z h^ ^cXZcigZgVccd hj/ dg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ ZkZci^! ^YZVo^dcZ Y^ eZgXdgh^ [dgbVi^k^ hjaaV \Zhi^dcZ YZa XdcÓîid Z XddgY^cVbZcid Xdc \a^ Zci^ adXVa^ hj ijiid â iZggîdg^d egdk^cX^VaZ! kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZaaZ g^hdghZ W^Wa^d\gVÒX]Z [dgjb#eVXZ5Xdch^\a^d#egdk^cX^V# YZa ;dgjb! dg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ Vii^kî|! V\\^dgcVbZcid Z bZiVbdg[dh^ YZ\a^ higjbZci^ Y^ ic#î Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ YZa ;dgjb# AZ Vii^kî| hkdaiZ eZgbZiiZgVccd Y^ XdbegZcYZgZ â kVadgZ [gVcXZhXV#oZc^5[dgjbeVXZ#î YZaaV egd\ZiiVo^dcZ XdcY^k^hV Z Y^ Veegd[dcY^gZ iZb^ X]^VkZ YZaaV XdciZbedgVcZî|#

&(.

8=> H>6BD

K^V H# BVgXd! ( (-&'' IgZcid

iZaZ[dcd %)+& .-++.+

>a <IK jcV Dg\VcôoVo^dcZ cdc AjXgVi^kV Y^ Jiâî| HdX^VaZ dcajh X]Z h^ dXXjeV Y^ Xdd" eZgVo^dcZ ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ! ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ cZa K^ZicVb Z cZa HjY :hi 6h^Vi^Xd# 9V &% Vcc^ aVkdg^Vbd ÒVcXd V ÒVcXd VaaZ Xdbjcî| adXVa^ eZg b^\a^dgVgZ aZ adgd XdcYô^d" c^ Y^ kîV! Xdc eVgi^XdaVgZ ViiZco^dcZ VaaZ b^cdgVcoZ Zic^X]Z! VaaZ YdccZ Z V^ WVbW^c^# >c XdcXgZid â cdhigd aVkdgd egZkZYZ bdaiZea^X^ ^ciZgkZci^ X]Z kVccd YVa [dgc^gZ bVXX]^cVg^ V\a^ dheZYVa^ Z [dgbVgZ ^ bZY^X^ eZg â adgd jiâôod0 Va Xdhigj^gZ ^c[gVhigjiijgZ eZg \V" gVci^gZ V ijii^ â Y^gîid VaaÉVXfjV ediVWâZ! Va [dgc^gZ bVXX]^cVg^ Z [dgbVo^dcZ VaaZ hXjdaZ egd[Zhh^dcVa^! Va gZVaôoVgZ XVbeV\cZ Y^ hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ Z ^c[dgbVo^dcZ hj^ eg^cXêVa^ egdWaZb^ YZaaV Xdbjcî|# DaigZ V fjZhid <IK h^ dXXjeV VcX]Z YZa hdhiZ\cd V Y^hiVcoV! kdaid V hdhiZcZgZ aZ b^hZgZ XdcYô^dc^ Y^ kîV Y^ VaXjc^ WVbW^c^ X]Z VWîVcd cZ^ kâaV\\^ cZa cdgY YZa K^ZicVb! Z YZaaV hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ Z YZaaV hda^YVg^Zi| igVbîZ gVXXdaiZ Y^ [VgbVX^! aV XVbeV\cV Y^ hdhiZ\cd V Y^hiVcoV! Xdgh^ Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ Z hZb^cVg^ hj^ iZb^ YZaaV XddeZgVo^dcZ! YZaad hkâjeed Z YZaaV eVXZ! bdhigZ [did\gVÒX]Z Z XZcZ Zic^Xd"hda^YVa^#

^c[d5\ikdca^cZ#dg\ lll#\ikdca^cZ#dg\

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

;gVcXZhXV 6co^ ^c[d5\ikdca^cZ#dg\

6iijVabZciZ! [gV aZ iVciZ Vii^kî| Y^ <IK! ^c Xdghd jc egd\Ziid ig^ZccVaZ eZg ad ÆHkâjeed YZaaZ g^hdghZ jbVcZ YZaaÉJc^dcZ YZaaZ 9dccZ Y^ 8Vd 7Vc\Ç! jc egd\Ziid gZVaôoVid ^c XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc aV Egdk^cX^V 6jidcdbV Y^ IgZcid X]Z b^gV V b^\a^dgVgZ aZ XVeVXî| dg\VcôoVi^kZ Z aZ XdbeZiZcoZ ^c fjZhiV edkZgd iZggîdg^d Y^ bdciV\cV V^ XdcÒc^ Xdc aV 8^cV# >cdaigZ! ]V egZhd â k^V â egd\Ziid ÒcVco^Vid \gVo^Z Va Æ;dcYd Y^ ^ciZgkZcid V [VkdgZ YZaaZ ededaVo^dc^ YZa hjY Zhi Vh^Vi^XdÇ! eZg V^jiVgZ cZaaV [VhZ edhi ZbZg\Zco^VaZ aZ ed" edaVo^dc^ XdaeîZ YVaad ihjcVb^! Z ViijVid YV <IK ^c XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc aZ VhhdX^Vo^dc^ LdgaY =dbZ [dg Ndji] XVedÒaV YZa egd\Ziid Z B^XgdÒcVcoV Z Xdc aZ XdcigdeVgi^ adXVa^ ÆHjbVcV]Vaa^ HdX^ZinÇ Y^ 7Vc\VadgZ Z ÆHVaZh^Vch d[ 9dc 7dhXdÇ Y^ 8]ZccV^# H^ ^ciZgkZgg| ^c VaXjc^ kâaV\\^ Y^ eZhXVidg^ cZa Y^higZiid Y^ 8jYYVadgZ! hjaaZ XdhiZ XdaeîZ YVa bVgZbdid cZaad hiVid >cY^Vcd YZa IVbâ CVYj# 9jcfjZ! aV cdhigV egdedhiV Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ^cY^gôoViV V X]^jcfjZ YZh^YZgVhhZ ^cigV" egZcYZgZ jc eZgXdghd Z cZ [dhhZ gZVabZciZ bdi^kVid k^X^cd VaaV XddeZgVo^dcZ Vaad hkâjeed ZY VaaV hda^YVg^Zi| ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ# CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Æ8dcdhXZgZ aV XddeZgVo^dcZ# <IK XdbZ higjbZcid Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ VaaV XjaijgV Y^ hda^YVg^Zi| " ' ZY#Ç 7g^YV 6cV]^ Z 6c\ZaV 8dhade#

'(,

L=N >CI:GC6I>DC6A 6HHD8>6I>DC D; B:9>86A <:C:I>8H

&)%

8=> H>6BD

X#hd >>> CdkZbWgZ! &&+ (-&'' IgZcid

iZaZ[dcd %)+& .()&.& XZaa (), -'')+%-

^c[d5l]n^ch^ZbZ#dg\ lll#l]n^ch^ZbZ#dg\

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

BVgi^cV 8VbegZ\]Zg bVgi^cV#XVbegZ\]Zg5\bV^a#Xdb ^c[d5n)n#^i

'(-

:CI> C6O>DC6A>

68A> " 6HHD8>6O>DC> 8G>HI>6C: A6KDG6IDG> >I6A>6C>

&)&

8=> H>6BD

hZYZ ^c IgZci^cd K^V GdbV! *, (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& ',,',, [Vm %)+& ',,',-

hZ\gZiZg^V5VXaîgZci^cZ#î lll#VXaîgZci^cZ#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ ;Vjhid <VgYjb^ [Vjhid#\VgYjb^5VXa^igZci^cZ#^i

')%

AZ 68A>! 6hhdX^Vo^dc^ Xg^hi^VcZ aVkdgVidg^ îVa^Vc^! hdcd jcÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ Y^ aV^X^ Xg^hi^Vc^ X]Z! ViigVkZghd jcV gZiZ Y^ X^gXda^! hZgkô^! ^begZhZ! egd\Zii^ ZY VhhdX^Vo^dc^ heZX^ÒX]Z! Xdcig^Wj^hXZ YV e^ Y^ +% Vcc^ V iZhhZgZ ^ aZ\Vb^ YZaaV hdX^Zi|! [VkdgZcYd [dgbZ Y^ eVgiZXêVo^dcZ Z Y^ YZbdXgVo^V# AZ 68A> h^ egZhZciVcd XdbZ jcV ÆVhhdX^Vo^dcZ Y^ egdbdo^dcZ hdX^VaZÇ/ jc h^hiZbV Y^[[jhd Z dg\VcôoVid hja iZggîdg^d X]Z egdbjdkZ â aVkdgd Z ^ aVkdgVidg^! ZYjXV ZY ^cXdgV\\^V VaaV XîiVY^cVcoV Vii^kV! Y^[ZcYZ! V^jiV Z hdhi^ZcZ ^ XîiVY^c^! ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ fjVci^ h^ igdkVcd ^c XdcYô^dcZ Y^ ZbVg\^cVo^dcZ d V g^hX]^d Y^ ZhXajh^dcZ hdX^VaZ# 8dbZ hd\\Ziid VjidgZkdaZ YZaaV hdX^Zi| X^kâZ dg\VcôoViV! aZ 68A> hdcd egdiV\dc^hiZ cZa bdcYd YZa Xdh^YYZiid ÆiZgod hZiidgZÇ/ â kdadciVg^Vid! â cdc egdÒi! aÉ^begZhV hdX^VaZ# >c egdk^cX^V Y^ IgZcid aZ 68A> hdcd egZhZci^ Xdc Y^ZX^ hZY^ egdeg^Z Z ^c eVgiZcVg^Vid X]Z Xdegdcd ijii^ ^ hZiidg^ YÉ^ciZgkZcid fjVa^/ 68A> 6co^Vc^ 8DCH6I! :C6>E :ciZ CVo^dcVaZ 68A> >higjo^dcZ Egd[Zhh^dcVaZ ! <^dkVc^ YZaaZ 68A>! EVigdcVid 68A> IgZcid! Jc^dcZ Hedgi^kV 68A> IgZcid! 68A> IZggV IgZcid! 8Zcigd Ijg^hi^Xd 68A> IgZcid# 9V +% Vcc^ aZ 68A> IgZci^cZ deZgVcd eZg VaaVg\VgZ ^ XdcÒc^ YZaaV hda^YVg^Zi|! YZaaV eVXZ Z YZ^ Y^gîi^ jbVc^# ;ZYZa^ V fjZhid bVcYVid aÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ ]V dg\VcôoVid jcV Y^[[jhV gZiZ Y^ Y^[ZhV! V^jid Z egdbdo^dcZ YZ^ aVkdgVidg^! YZaaZ [Vb^\a^Z Z Y^ fjVci^ h^ igdkVcd ^c hîjVo^dc^ Y^ ZbVg\^cVo^dcZ# AZ 68A> IgZci^cZ h^ egdedc\dcd Y^ eZg[Zo^dcVgZ Z Xdchda^YVgZ jcV a^cZV Y^ ZheZg^ZcoV VhhdX^Vi^kV X]Z eVgiZ YVa egZhjeedhid hZXdcYd Xj^ Y^Zigd d\c^ egVi^XV hdX^VaZ XÉ jc eZch^Zgd Z jc egd\Ziid# 9V fj^ aÉ^YZV Y^ jc aVkdgd hja iZggîdg^d XVeVXZ Y^ Xdc^j\VgZ hVeZg^ Z bZhi^Zg^ Va hZgkô^d YZ^ XîiVY^c^ Z YZaaZ [Vb^\a^Z#

AZ 68A>! egdbdig^X^ VeeVhh^dcViZ YZa HZgkô^d X^kâZ VaiZgcVi^kd Va HZgkô^d bâîVgZ! ]Vccd Vkk^X^cVid Z YVid aÉdeedgijcî| V XZci^cV^V Y^ \^dkVc^! igZci^c^ Z cdc! Y^ hkda\ZgZ â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egZhhd aZ egdeg^Z higjiijgZ EVigdcVid 68A>! Jc^dcZ Hedgi^kV 68A>! 68A> IZggV! 8Zcigd Ijg^hi^Xd 68A> # IZgb^cViV fjZaaV ^bedgiVciZ ZheZg^ZcoV! hZbWgVid cVijgVaZ YVgZ heVo^d V^ \^dkVc^ ^c fjZhiV cjdkV [dgbV Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ# 9VaaÉZcigViV ^c k^\dgZ YZa cjdkd HZgkô^d 8^kâZ aZ 68A> IgZci^cZ ]Vccd VXXdaid \^dkVc^ kdadciVg^ CZa '%%. ]Vccd eVgiZXêVid Va egd\Ziid Æ<^dkVc^! bdcYd YZa aVkdgd Z Xdbjcî|/ kZghd cjdkZ [dgbZ Y^ egdiV\dc^hbd Z ^ciZgVo^dcZÇ AjXV 8VbegZ\]Zg! AjXV 8dhZg! HVgV :cYgôo^! HVgV ;ZYgôo^! :a^hVWZiiV <^ja^Vc^! HZaZcZ BViiZ^ Z GdhVccV EZaaZ\g^c^#

688G> 6HH# 9> 8DDE# 8G>HI>6C6 >CI:GC6O>DC6A:

&)'

8=> H>6BD

hZYZ ^c IgZci^cd

K^V H# <^dkVcc^ 7dhXd! , (-&%% IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& -.&',.

igZcid5VXXg^#^i lll#VXXg^#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ ;gVcXZhXV 7daYg^c igZcid5VXXg^#^i

KdadciVg^ cZa bdcYd " ;D8H>K aV ;ZYZgVo^dcZ Y^ +% dg\VcôoVo^dc^ cdc \dkZgcVi^kZ DC< Xg^hi^VcZ Y^ hZgkô^d ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ kdadciVg^d ^beZ\cViZ cZaaV egdbdo^dcZ Y^ jcV XjaijgV YZaaV bdcY^Vaî| Z cZaaV XddeZgVo^dcZ Xdc ^ ededa^ YZ^ HjY YZa bdcYd# AÉdW^Zii^kd Y^ Xdcig^Wj^gZ VaaV adiiV Xdcigd d\c^ [dgbV Y^ edkZgi| Z Y^ ZhXajh^dcZ! VaaÉV[[ZgbVo^dcZ YZaaV Y^\cî| Z YZ^ Y^gîi^ YZaaÉjdbd! VaaV XgZhXîV YZaaZ Xdbjcî| Z YZaaZ ^hiîjo^dc^ adXVa^# CViV ^cô^VabZciZ hdiid [dgbV Y^ XddgY^cVbZcid igV Y^kZghZ gZVai| aV^XVa^ XdaaZ\ViZ Va bdcYd b^hh^dcVg^d Xdc â cdbZ Y^ ;DAB ;ZYZgVo^dcZ YZ\a^ Dg\Vc^hb^ Y^ AV^XVid B^hh^dcVg^d ! Z igVh[dgbViV cZa &.,' ^c ;D8H>K! gVeegZhZciV d\\^ aV e^ \gVcYZ ;ZYZgVo^dcZ îVa^VcV Y^ Dg\Vc^hb^ Xg^hi^Vc^ Y^ kdadciVg^Vid ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ# 6iijVabZciZ egZhZciZ ^c -+ eVZh^ igV 6[g^XV! 6h^V! 6bZg^XV AVi^cV! :jgdeV! BZY^d Dg^ZciZ Z DXZVc^V# 688G> 6hhdX^Vo^dcZ Y^ 8ddeZgVo^dcZ 8g^hi^VcV >ciZgcVo^dcVaZ jc Dg\Vc^hbd Cdc <dkZgcVi^kd Y^ kdadciVg^Vid ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ cdcX] jcÉDg\VcôoVo^dcZ Cdc AjXgVi^kV Y^ Jiâî| HdX^VaZ dcajh ! X]Z deZgV cZa XVbed YZaaV XddeZgVo^dcZ Xdc ^ ÆEVZh^ ^c K^V Y^ HkâjeedÇ# <a^ dWW^Zii^k^ YZaaÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ hdcd/ YVgZ eg^dgî| VaaV eZghdcV! VaaV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ Z Va kdadciVg^Vid Z â hjd bdiid ÆdeZgVgZ XdcÇ! Æ[VgZ ^ch^ZbZÇ h^V hja iZggîdg^d adXVaZ X]Z ZhiZgd# 688G> h^ dXXjeV e^ heZX^ÒXViVbZciZ Y^/ h ^c[dgbVo^dcZ ZY ZYjXVo^dcZ Vaad hkâjeed! hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ Z [dgbVo^dcZ VaaV bdcY^Vaî| cZaaV hXjdaV Z hja iZggîdg^d0 h [dgbVo^dcZ Y^ kdadciVg^ ^ciZgcVo^dcVa^0 h ^ciZgkZci^ Y^ XddeZgVo^dcZ Vaad hkâjeed egd\Zii^ # 6iijVabZciZ egZhZciZ ^c :XjVYdg! 8âZ Z 8^VY# AV eVgiZXêVgZ VY jc egd\Ziid Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ egZhhd aÉ688G> d[[gZ Va \^dkVcZ aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ deZgVgZ ^c [VkdgZ YZa HjY YZa BdcYd! hkda\ZcYd YZaaZ Vii^kî| XjaijgVa^ Z Y^ hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ cZa CdgY YZa BdcYd# H^ XdcÒ\jgV! fj^cY^! XdbZ jc eZgXdghd Y^ XgZhXîV! Y^ XdcdhXZcoV! Y^ g^ÓZhh^dcZ Z Y^ Vhhjco^dcZ Y^ gZhedchVWâî| eZghdcVaZ# 688G> Y^ IgZcid ]V Vii^kVid ^c eVhhVid jc egd\Ziid â Xj^ dW^Zii^kd ZgV aÉZaVWdgVo^dcZ Z aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ Vii^kî|! Y^ hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ VaaZ iZbVi^X]Z YZaaV bdcY^Vaî|! YZaaÉ^ciZgXjaijgV! YZaaV eVXZ Z YZaaV hda^YVg^Zi| ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ# >a egd\Ziid egZkZYZkV heZX^ÒX^ ^ciZgkZci^ cZaaZ hXjdaZ Z cZa iZggîdg^d# > egd\Zii^ [jijg^ h^ hkda\ZgVccd cZaad hiZhhd VbWîd! bV g^kda\ZgVccd aÉViiZco^dcZ eg^cXêVabZciZ V^ EVZh^ ^c K^V Y^ Hkâjeed#

Associazione di Co operazione Cristiana Internazional e

')&

69D8 " 6HHD8>6O>DC: 9>;:H6 DG>:CI6B:CID 8DCHJB6IDG>

&)(

8=> H>6BD

hZYZ ^c IgZci^cd K^V BViiZdii^! '%$& (-&'& IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& (,+&&( [Vm %)+& (,+&..

VYdXic5a^WZgd#^i lll#VYdX#dg\

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ HZg\^d <gd[[ XZaa ().&('.++, VYdXic5a^WZgd#^i

')'

AÉ69D8 aÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ cVo^dcVaZ eZg aV Y^[ZhV Z aÉdg^ZciVbZcid YZ^ XdchjbVidg^! YZ\a^ jiZci^! YZ^ g^heVgb^Vidg^! YZ^ bVaVi^! YZ^ Xdcig^WjZci^# 8dhiîjîV cZa &.-- ]V X^gXV +*#%%% ^hXgîi^! egZhZciZ hj ijiid â iZggîdg^d cVo^dcVaZ# :É egZhZciZ hja iZggîdg^d egdk^cX^VaZ Xdc jcV egdeg^V hZYZ# AÉ69D8 cVo^dcVaZ XdciV! ^c >iVa^V! X^gXV +*#%%% ^hXgîi^ ZY egZhZciZ ^c ijii^ ^ XVedajd\]^ egdk^cX^Va^ Xdc kdadciVg^ ZheZgi^ cZa Y^gîid YZa XdchjbVidgZ! eZghdcZ ^c \gVYd Y^ YVgZ ^c[dgbVo^dc^ V^ XîiVY^c^ ZY VWâîViZ VaaZ egdXZYjgZ Y^ XdcXâ^Vo^dcZ ZY VgWîgVid! egdciZ VY Vhh^hiZgZ Y^gZiiVbZciZ \a^ ^hXgîi^ ^c fjVajcfjZ iêd Y^ XdcigdkZgh^V ZmigV\^jYô^VaZ# >c d\c^ hZYZ egdk^cX^VaZ Y^ 69D8 edhh^WâZ jhj[gj^gZ! daigZ VaaV cdgbVaZ XdchjaZcoV Y^ ZheZgi^ cZa gVbd XdchjbZg^hi^Xd! VcX]Z YZaaV XdchjaZcoV aZ\VaZ heZX^Va^hi^XV \VgVciîV YV VkkdXVi^ XdckZco^dcVi^# AÉ69D8 igV ^ [dcYVidg^ Y^ 8dchjbZghÉ ;dgjb! YZaaÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ :jgdeZV YZ^ 8dchjbVidg^ Z [V eVgiZ h^V YZa 8dch^\a^d CVo^dcVaZ 8dchjbVidg^ ZY JiZci^ 8C8J h^V YZa 8CJ 8dch^\a^d CVo^dcVaZ JiZci^ iZaZk^h^k^# >c IgZci^cd aÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ XdhiîjîV egZhhd aV J>A YZa IgZci^cd Z h^ Y^hi^ciV eZg jcV hZg^Z Y^ ^bedgiVci^ Vo^dc^ Y^ YZcjcX^V cZaaÉVbWîd egdk^cX^VaZ V Y^[ZhV YZ^ XdchjbVidg^ Z YZ\a^ jiZci^# AV hZYZ Y^ IgZcid VWâîViV V egdbjdkZgZ aZ egVi^X]Z Y^ XdcXâ^Vo^dcZ cZ^ Xdc[gdci^ Y^ IZaZXdb! EdhiZ ZY :cZa Z! igVbîZ aV egdeg^V hZYZ cVo^dcVaZ! VcX]Z aZ egVi^X]Z Y^ XdcXâ^Vo^dcZ cZ^ Xdc[gdci^ Y^ cjbZgdh^ Vaig^ Zci^ Z hdX^Zi| WVcX]Z! Vhh^XjgVo^dc^! [Zggdk^Z! kZiidg^ VZgZ^! ZcZg\^V! ZXX# # >a hZgkô^d Y^ XdchjaZcoV k^ZcZ \VgVciîd eZg VaXjc^ \^dgc^ YZaaV hZii^bVcV VcX]Z egZhhd aZ hZY^ J>A Y^ GdkZgZid! G^kV YZa <VgYV! 8aZh Z Hig^\cd#

CZa Xdghd YZa '%%-! ediZcYd VkkVaZgX^ YZaaV XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Y^ jc \^dkVcZ ^c hZgkô^d X^kâZ! edigZbd Vbea^VgZ aÉdgVg^d Y^ VeZgijgV Va ejWWa^Xd YZaad hedgiZaad YZaaV hZYZ eg^cXêVaZ Y^ IgZcid! \VgVciZcYd aV egZhZcoV cZ^ \^dgc^ [Zg^Va^# CZa '%%. ]Vccd eVgiZXêVid Va egd\Ziid ÆK>8D K>>Ç >gZcZ ?dW Z 8aVjY^V K^\Vcd#

6>HB " 6HHD8>6O>DC: >I6A>6C6 H8A:GDH> BJAI>EA6

&))

8=> H>6BD

hZYZ ^c IgZci^cd K^V IdbbVhZd! + (-%+- GdkZgZid IC iZaZ[dcd %)+) )(,.,%

V^hbic5V^hbigZci^cV#&.&#^i lll#V^hb#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ <^dVXX]^cd 7Zgida^c^ V^hbic5V^hbigZci^cV#&.&#^i

AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ >iVa^VcV HXaZgdh^ BjaiêaV 6#>#H#B# ! jcV Dcajh X]Z YV (- Vcc^ deZgV hj ijiid â iZggîdg^d îVa^Vcd ZY ViijVabZciZ egZh^ZYjiV YVa egZb^d CdWZa Egd[#hhV GîV AZk^ BdciVaX^c^ Z YVa Egd[# BVg^d 6aWZgid 7ViiV\a^V# 6>HB aÉjc^XV dg\VcôoVo^dcZ ^c >iVa^V X]Z ^ciZgk^ZcZ V (+% \gVY^ hjaaV hXaZgdh^ bjaiêaV! eZg egdbjdkZgZ Z ÒcVco^VgZ aV g^XZgXV hX^Zci^ÒXV hjaaV bVaVii^V0 [dgc^gZ hZgkô^ hdX^d"hVcîVg^ VaaZ eZghdcZ Xdc hXaZgdh^ bjaiêaV Z VaaZ adgd [Vb^\a^Z0 gVeegZhZciVgZ Z V[[ZgbVgZ ^ Y^gîi^ YZ^ *)#%%% îVa^Vc^ Xdaeî^ YVaaV bVaVii^V# 9Va &..- aÉ6>HB V[ÒVcXViV YVaaV ;>HB! ;dcYVo^dcZ >iVa^VcV HXaZgdh^ BjaiêaV! VcX]ÉZhhV Dcajh! ^hiîjîV eZg Xdci^cjVgZ V ÒcVco^VgZ Z egdbjdkZgZ aV g^XZgXV hX^Zci^ÒXV hjaaV bVaVii^V# AV HZo^dcZ 6>HB egZhZciZ hja iZggîdg^d igZci^cd cViV XdbZ <gjeed DeZgVi^kd cZa &..& Z cZa &..) Y^kZciViV HZo^dcZ Egdk^cX^VaZ ÆIgZcidÇ# CZa bVgod YZa &..' â 8dbjcZ Y^ GdkZgZid ]V bZhhd V Y^hedhô^dcZ aÉViijVaZ hZYZ ZY ^cô^ViV aV cdhigV Vii^kî| X]Z V ijiiÉd\\^ Vhh^hiZ *+ eZghdcZ V[[ZiiZ YV hXaZgdh^ bjaiêaV Z eVidad\^Z h^bâVg^ gZh^YZci^ cdc hdad cZa XdbjcZ Y^ GdkZgZid bV egdkZc^Zci^ VcX]Z YV Xdbjc^ a^bîgdÒ# > hZgkô^ d[[Zgi^ YVa XZcigd hdcd/ Òh^diZgVe^V! \^ccVhi^XV gZhe^gVidg^V! Vii^kî| hdX^d"g^XgZVi^kZ! Vii^kî| XjaijgVa^ Z â hZgkô^d Y^ igVhedgid#

AZ bdi^kVo^dc^ X]Z ]Vccd edgiVid aÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ VY VYZg^gZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hdcd ^ccVcoîjiid aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ \VgVci^gZ V\a^ jiZci^ YZa 8Zcigd aV Xdci^cjî| YZa hZgkô^d! bdaid egZo^dhd! hkdaid ^c eVhhVid YV\a^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV Z hjXXZhh^kVbZciZ YV^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ Hdhiîji^kd# >c eVgi^XdaVgZ ^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! ViigVkZghd â egd\Ziid Y^ ÆVhh^hiZcoV VaaZ eZghdcZ Xdc hXaZgdh^ bjaiêaV Z eVidad\^Z h^bâVg^Ç! edigVccd ZhhZgZ Xd^ckdai^ ^c Vii^kî| Y^/ s Vhh^hiZcoV WjgdXgVi^XV! eZg hjeedgiVgZ ZY V[ÒVcXVgZ aV eZghdcV Xdc H#B# YjgVciZ ad hkda\^bZcid Y^ egVi^X]Z WjgdXgVi^X]Z0 s igVhedgid! eZg VXXdbeV\cVgZ eZghdcZ Xdc H#B#! ^c XVggdoo^cV Z cdc! V[ÒVcXVgZ \a^ Vji^hi^ eZg â igVhedgid Y^ eZghdcZ Y^hVWâ^ hj^ bZoo^ ViigZooVi^ bZhh^ V Y^hedhô^dcZ YVaaV HZo^dcZ0 s Vjidcdb^V YZaaV eZghdcV! eZg hjeedgid cZaaV \Zhi^dcZ YdbZhi^XV0 s Y^hWg^\d Y^ egVi^X]Z Z Xdbb^h" h^dc^0 s Vii^kî| g^XgZVi^kZ Z Y^ hdX^VaôoVo^dcZ! eZg hjeedgiVgZ ZY V[ÒVcXVgZ ^ kdadciVg^ YZaaÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ cZaaÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ Z cZaaÉViijVo^dcZ Y^ Vii^kî| b^gViZ V XgZVgZ dXXVh^dc^ Y^ hdX^VaôoVo^dcZ Z Y^ ^ciZ\gVo^dcZ eZg \a^ jiZci^0 s Vii^kî| XjaijgVa^! eZg hjeedgiVgZ ZY V[ÒVcXVgZ ^ kdadciVg^ cZaaÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ Z cZaaV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ ^ciZgkZci^ kdai^ Va bVciZc^bZcid Z Vaad hkâjeed Y^ XdcdhXZcoZ ^cY^k^YjVa^#

')(

6G8> " H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: IG:CID

&)*

8=> H>6BD

hZY^ ^c IgZci^cd K^V BViiZdii^! '%$& (-&'&IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& (,+&%) [Vm %)+& (,+&%.

igZcid5VgX^hZgkô^dX^kâZ#î lll#VgX^hZgkô^dX^kâZ#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ ;VW^d 8VbegZ\]Zg igZcid5VgX^hZgkô^dX^kâZ#î

'))

6G8> H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: jcÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ hZcoV Òc^ Y^ ajXgd X]Z deZgV hja iZggîdg^d cVo^dcVaZ Z [Vkdg^hXZ aV XgZVo^dcZ Y^ jcV gZiZ ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ YZaaZ ZheZg^ZcoZ Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ# AZ ÒcVaî| X]Z bjdkdcd aÉVo^dcZ Y^ 6gX^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hdcd ZhegZhhZ cZa ÆBVc^[Zhid HZgkô^d 8^kâZ '%%,Ç# 9Va '- \^j\cd '%%& 6G8> hjWZcigViV XdbZ iîdaVgZ Y^gZiid Y^ XdckZco^dcZ Xdc aÉJ[ÒX^d CVo^dcVaZ eZg â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ# > hdX^ [dcYVidg^ Y^ 6gX^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hdcd fjViigd VhhdX^Vo^dc^ cVo^dcVa^/ 6G8> CjdkV 6hhdX^Vo^dcZ! J^he! AZ\VbW^ZciZ! 6gX^gV\Voo^0 YVa hZiiZbWgZ '%%' VcX]Z 6jhZg Y^kZciViViV hdX^d cVo^dcVaZ# Hja iZggîdg^d cVo^dcVaZ! h^V cZaaZ hZY^ Y^ VhhZ\cVo^dcZ X]Z cZ^ XZcig^ deZgVi^k^! deZgVcd VaigZ XZci^cV^V Y^ VhhdX^Vo^dc^! \gjee^ Y^ kdadciVg^Vid! XZcig^ hijY^ Z [dcYVo^dc^ Y^ XVgViiZgZ adXVaZ# >cdaigZ! \gVo^Z VY jcd heZX^ÒXd egdidXdaad Y^ VXXdgYd! ^c Viid jcV XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ YV Vcc^ Xdc 8<>A# Hja iZggîdg^d egdk^cX^VaZ gVeegZhZciViV cZaaV Xîi| Y^ IgZcid YV/ 6G8> HZgkô^d 8^kâZ IgZcid! 6G8> YZa IgZci^cd! J>HE YZa IgZci^cd Z 6jhZg IgZcid# 6G8> H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: IgZcid jcÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ Y^ VhhdX^Vo^dc^! XdaaZ\ViV eZg higjiijgV! ZheZg^ZcoZ! ^YZVa^ Z ÒcVaî| VaaÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ cVo^dcVaZ 6gX^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! g^XdcdhX^jiV YVa B^c^hiZgd XdbeZiZciZ eg^bV XdbZ :ciZ eZg aÉdW^Zo^dcZ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV Z dgV! fjVaZ :ciZ eZg â hZgkô^d X^kâZ# 9V hZbegZ aVkdg^Vbd Xdc Z eZg ^ \^dkVc^ cZaaÉVbWîd XjaijgVaZ! hdX^VaZ! YZaad hedgi ededaVgZ eZg ijii^ Z YZa kdadciVg^Vid! eZg aV Y^[[jh^dcZ YZ\a^ ^YZVa^ YZaaV eVXZ Z YZaaV hda^YVg^Zi|#

IZgb^cViV aV ajc\V ZheZg^ZcoV Xdc \a^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV! Xdc Xj^ daigZ XZcid dW^Ziidg^ ]Vccd hkdaid â hZgkô^d cZaaZ cdhigZ hZY^! aV cVijgVaZ Zkdajo^dcZ ]V edgiVid aÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ V XdaaVWdgVgZ Xdc â HZgkô^d 8^kâZ CVo^dcVaZ#

6HHD8>6O>DC: 8DBJC>I¿ E6E6 <>DK6CC> MM>>>

&)+

8=> H>6BD

hZY^ ^c IgZci^cd 6aWZg\d BVYdccV YZaaZ KZiiZ K^V 8dhiV! '-' 8VcVoZ^ IC iZaZ[dcd %)+' +%&('% 8VhV Zhi^kV BVg^V H^ak^V K^V YZa 9dh YZ aV 8gZYV! & 7VhZa\V Y^ E^c IC iZaZ[dcd %)+& **,'.. XVhX]^W^VcX]^5Ve\'(#dg\ lll#Ve\'(#dg\

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ 9Vc^ZaZ IgZbdci^ XVhX]^W^VcX]^5Ve\'(#dg\

>a '* bV\\^d &.-(! aÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ EVeV <^dkVcc^ MM>>> dii^ZcZ â g^XdcdhX^bZcid Y^ V\\gZ\Vo^dcZ ZXXaZh^VaZ YV eVgiZ YZa KZhXdkd YZaaV 9^dXZh^ Y^ G^b^c^ Bdch# <^dkVcc^ AdXViZaa^# >a , DiidWgZ &..- aÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ 8dbjcî| EVeV <^dkVcc^ MM>>> g^XdcdhX^jiV XdbZ 6hhdX^Vo^dcZ >ciZgcVo^dcVaZ Eg^kViV Y^ ;ZYZa^ Y^ 9^gîid Edci^ÒX^d g^XdcdhX^jiV YVa Edci^ÒX^d 9^XVhiZgd YZ^ AV^X^# 9V daigZ igZciÉVcc^ deZgV cZa kVhid bdcYd YZaaÉZbVg\^cVo^dcZ ^c >iVa^V Z VaaÉZhiZgd# :É egZhZciZ ^c/ 6aWVc^V! 6jhigVa^V! 7Vc\aVYZh]! 7da^k^V! 7gVhâZ! 8âZ! 8^cV! 8gdVo^V! >cY^V! >iVa^V! @ZcnV! GdbVc^V! Gjhh^V! IVcoVc^V! KZcZojZaV Z OVbW^V# GZXZciZbZciZ aÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ ]V diiZcjid ^ g^XdcdhX^bZci^ XVcdc^X^ YZa Edci^ÒX^d 8dch^\a^d YZ^ AV^X^ c#&+,*$.- Z c# -%,$%)# Hja iZggîdg^d egdk^cX^VaZ egZhZciZ Xdc YjZ egdeg^Z hZY^# AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ 8dbjcî| EVeV <^dkVcc^ MM>>> jcV Xdbjcî| [dcYViV YV 9dc DgZhiZ 7Zco^ cZa &.+-# DeZgV ^c hîjVo^dc^ Y^ Y^hV\^d! ViigVkZghd aV XdcY^k^h^dcZ Y^gZiiV Z aV g^bdo^dcZ YZaaZ XVjhZ! VYdiiVcYd XdbZ higjbZci^ Y^ XVbW^VbZcid jcd hiâZ Y^ kîV hda^YVaZ ZY jcV bZidYdad\^V YÉVo^dcZ cdck^daZciV# 7VbW^c^ VWWVcYdcVi^! Y^hVWâ^! hZcoViZiid! Vco^Vc^! idhh^XdYêZcYZci^! d\c^ eZghdcV ^c hiVid Y^ W^hd\cd k^ZcZ VXXdaiV XdbZ jc [gViZaad cZaaV egdeg^V XVhV d ^c e^XXdaZ Xdbjcî| Z k^ZcZ V^jiViV V hjeZgVgZ aZ XVjhZ X]Z aÉ]Vccd edgiViV VaaÉZbVg\^cVo^dcZ#

AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ 8dbjcî| EVeV <^dkVcc^ MM>>> ]V Vii^kVid egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ ^c >iVa^V Z VaaÉZhiZgd# AV egd\ZiiVo^dcZ g^\jVgYV \a^ VbWî^ YZaaÉVhh^hiZcoV Z YZaaV egdbdo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ# >c eVgi^XdaVgZ aZ Vii^kî| egdedhiZ hdcd fjZaaZ Y^ Vhh^hiZcoV! XjgV! VXXdbeV\cVbZcid! VXXd\a^ZcoV Z VhXdaid YZaaV eZghdcV! ZYjXVo^dcZ! Vc^bVo^dcZ! hZch^WâôoVo^dcZ V eZgXdgh^ Z egdedhiZ Y^ eVXZ Z cdc k^daZcoV# Egd\Ziid eVgi^XdaVgZ g^kdaid V^ \^dkVc^ fjZaad YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ :hiZgd/ ^ 8VhX]^ 7^VcX]^# FjZhid egd\Ziid hkâjeeV jcV XdbeaZhhV Z bjai^[dgbZ Vii^kî| ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ Z h^ Vgi^XdaV hj jcV Y^bZch^dcZ ZhiZgV Z hj jcV îVa^VcV# > \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ VaaÉZhiZgd h^ igdkVcd VY deZgVgZ ^c XdciZhi^ XVgViiZgôoVi^ YV hîjVo^dc^ Y^ k^daZcoV higjiijgVaZ! edkZgi|! bVaVii^V! ZbVg\^cVo^dcZ! Y^h\gZ\Vo^dcZ hdX^VaZ! k^daVo^dcZ YZ^ Y^gîi^ jbVc^! XdcÓîid VgbVid# K^kdcd ^c XVhZ [Vb^\a^V! XZcig^ Y^ VXXd\a^ZcoV! Xdbjcî| Y^ gZXjeZgd X]Z aÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ ]V VaaÉZhiZgd! deejgZ egZhhd higjiijgZ Y^ DC< eVgicZg! hZbegZ ^c higZiid XdciViid Xdc aZ ededaVo^dc^ adXVa^# ;dcYVbZciVaZ â gjdad Y^ ÆVciZccVÇ X]Z b^gV V egdYjggZ! ViigVkZghd iZhi^bdc^VcoZ! Vgi^Xda^! gZedgi! jcÉ^c[dgbVo^dcZ cdc bZY^ViV YVa HjY Va CdgY! X]Z kVadgôo^ aÉZheZg^ZcoV Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ gZcYZcYdaV jc Z[ÒXVXZ bZood Y^ XVbW^VbZcid hdX^VaZ#

Associazione Comunità Papa Giovanni XXIII

')*

86G>I6H >I6A>6C6

&),

8=> H>6BD

hZYZ ^c IgZci^cd

K^V :cYg^X^! ', (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& '+&&++

XVgîVh5Y^dXZhîc#î lll#Y^dXZhîc#î$XVgîVh

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ GdWZgid 8Vao| XVgîVh5Y^dXZhîc#î

')+

AV 8VgîVh >iVa^VcV k^ZcZ XdhiîjîV V GdbV â ' aj\a^d &.,& Xdc YZXgZid YZaaV 8Z^ 8dc[ZgZcoV :e^hXdeVaZ >iVa^VcV Yded aV XZhhVo^dcZ cZa &.+- YZaaV EdV Edci^ÒX^V deZgV Y^ Vhh^hiZcoV # EZg fjZhid cjdkd dg\Vc^hbd eVhidgVaZ aÉVaadgV EVeV EVdad K> ^cY^XVkV bZiZ cdc Vhh^hiZco^Va^! bV eVhidgVa^ Z eZYV\d\^X]Z# AV 8VgîVh >iVa^VcV aÉdg\Vc^hbd X]Z egdbjdkZ! VcX]Z ^c XdaaVWdgVo^dcZ Xdc Vaig^ dg\Vc^hb^! aV iZhi^bdc^VcoV YZaaV XVgî| YZaaV Xdbjcî| ZXXaZh^VaZ îVa^VcV! ^c [dgbZ XdchdcZ V^ iZbe^ Z V^ W^hd\c^! ^c k^hiV YZaad hkâjeed ^ciZ\gVaZ YZaaÉjdbd! YZaaV \^jhiô^V hdX^VaZ Z YZaaV eVXZ! Xdc eVgi^XdaVgZ ViiZco^dcZ V\a^ jai^b^ Z Xdc egZkVaZciZ [jco^dcZ eZYV\d\^XV# AV 8VgîVh Y^dXZhVcV jc dg\Vcd eVhidgVaZ YZaaV 8]^ZhV adXVaZ! XdbZ aV 8VgîVh >iVa^VcV ad Y^ fjZaaV cVo^dcVaZ# ;^cVaî| eg^cXêVaZ YZaaV 8VgîVh â bVcYVid ZYjXVi^kd! X^d aÉZYjXVo^dcZ Z aÉVc^bVo^dcZ YZaaV XVgî| VaaÉ^ciZgcd YZaaV Xdbjcî|! ZXXaZh^VaZ Z X^kâZ# 8^ h^\c^ÒXV cdc hdad g^hedcYZgZ V^ W^hd\c^ bV [Vg h X]Z d\c^ g^hedhiV h^V ZhZbeaVgZ eZg ijii^ Z hjhXî^ XdcY^k^h^dcZ Z ViiZco^dcZ kZghd ^ e^ YZWda^# 6[ÒcX] [dhhZ X]^VgV aV hjV cVijgV egdbdo^dcVaZ ZY ZYjXVi^kV! aV 8VgîVh Y^dXZhVcV Y^ IgZcid ]V hXZaid YV iZbed Y^ cdc \Zhi^gZ Y^gZiiVbZciZ VaXjc hZgkô^d igVccZ ^ YjZ XZcig^ Y^ VhXdaid Y^ IgZcid Z GdkZgZid X]Z hdcd [gjiid Y^ jc egd\Ziid XdcY^k^hd Xdc aZ eVggdXX]^Z hdhiZcZcYd e^jiidhid aÉVkk^d Z aV egdbdo^dcZ Y^ gZVai| X]Z edhhdcd g^hedcYZgZ V^ W^hd\c^ ^c bdYd XdbeZiZciZ Z h^Vcd ZhegZhh^dcZ YZaaZ Xdbjcî|# >c fjZhid hZchd! Xdc aV g^[dgbV YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ! aV 8VgîVh Y^ IgZcid YV fjVaX]Z Vccd h^ Vii^kViV VcX]Z eZg cjdkZ egdedhiZ Y^ hZgkô^d g^kdaiZ Va bdcYd \^dkVcâZ X[g# egd\Ziid Æ>cXdcig^ HdX^Va^Ç! XVbe^ Æ>a kZcid Z aV kZaVÇ! cjdkd HZgkô^d 8^kâZ #

AV 8VgîVh Y^dXZhVcV Y^ IgZcid ]V jcV ajc\V igVYô^dcZ cZa XVbed YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ# >c edXd e^ Y^ kZciÉVcc^ hdcd fjVh^ *%% \a^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV X]Z ]Vccd hkdaid hZgkô^d igVbîZ aV 8VgîVh! aV fjVaZ h^ hZbegZ Veed\\^ViV V gZVai| \^| ^beZ\cViZ cZa hdX^VaZ Z cZ^ hZgkô^ VaaZ eZghdcZ ^c Y^[ÒXdai|# 8VgViiZg^hi^XV YZa hZgkô^d ^c 8VgîVh ^c[Vii^ hZbegZ hiViV! Z ad VcXdgV! aÉViiZco^dcZ Va e^ YZWdaZ! Va Y^kZghd! VaaÉZbVg\^cVid# >c fjZhid hZchd â hZgkô^d X^kâZ ]V gVeegZhZciVid eZg bdai^ \^dkVc^ jcV eVaZhigV Y^ kîV! jc ajd\d Y^ ZYjXVo^dcZ VaaV hda^YVg^Zi|# 6aigV eZXja^Vgî| X]Z XdcigVYY^hi^c\jZ â hZgkô^d X^kâZ ^c 8VgîVh aÉViiZco^dcZ VaaV [dgbVo^dcZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ kdadciVg^ V^ fjVa^ d[[ZgiV aÉdeedgijcî| Y^ jcV kîV Y^ Xdbjcî|! fjVaZ higjbZcid [dgiZ Y^ XdcY^k^h^dcZ Z iZhi^bdc^VcoV YZaaV egdeg^V hXZaiV V [VkdgZ YZaaV hdX^Zi|# 9Va '%%' aV 8VgîVh Y^ IgZcid VYZg^hXZ! igVbîZ 8VgîVh >iVa^VcV! Va egd\Ziid Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ CVo^dcVaZ Xdc jc egd\Ziid XdcY^k^hd Xdc 8VgîVh KZgdcV Z 8VgîVh 7daoVcd# 6bWî^ Y^ hZgkô^d hdcd ^ b^cdg^ igVbîZ jcV XdckZco^dcZ Xdc Egd\Ziid .' ! aÉZbVg\^cVo^dcZ VYjaiV ;dcYVo^dcZ 8dbjcî| Hda^YVaZ ! Vco^Vc^ HE:H Z ^chZg^bZcid aVkdgVi^kd 8dde#6AE> # CZa '%%. ]Vccd VYZgîd Va egd\Ziid Æ69:A6CI: 69:A6CI:TKZgdcV Z IgZci^cd 6aid 6Ç B^X]ZaV 9Z\^Vbe^Zgd Z 6aZhhVcYgd AVgZci^h#

8DBJC>I¿ BJG>6A9D IG:CI>CD 6AID 69><:

8VhV <ZcZgVa^o^V E^V HdX# Idg^cZhZ HVc <^jhZeeZ

&)-

8=> H>6BD

hZYZ ^c IgZci^cd

K^V :cYg^X^! '% (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& '(&('% [Vm %)+& '(+%(+

AV 8dbjcîVÉ Bjg^VaYd ]V jcV ^he^gVo^dcZ Xg^hi^VcV Xdc hXZaiV egZ[ZgZco^VaZ Y^ hZgkô^d V^ WVbW^c^ Z \^dkVc^ ^c Y^[ÒXdai|# GZVaôoV ^ciZgkZci^ Z heZX^ÒX^ hZgkô^ V [VkdgZ Y^ WVbW^c^ Z \^dkVc^ X]Z bVcXVcd Y^ jc XdckZc^ZciZ hdhiZ\cd ZYjXVi^kd [Vbâ^VgZ Z hdX^VaZ# > hZgkô^ dgV egZhZci^ hdcd/ XVhV"[Vb^\a^V! \gjeed [Vb^\a^V! XZcigd Y^jgcd! XZcigd VeZgid! XZcigd Y^ Zg\diZgVe^V! egd\Ziid \^dkVc^! bZY^Vo^dcZ ^ciZgXjaijgVaZ! ZYjXVi^kV Y^ higVYV! VXXdbeV\cVbZcid ZYjXVi^kd ^cY^k^YjVaôoVid! ^ egd\Zii^ Æ9db^cdÇ Y^ VXXdbeV\cVbZcid ZYjXVi^kd eZYV\d\^Xd Z Æ>a Òad Z â cdYdÇ Y^ V[ÒYVbZcid [Vbâ^VgZ# 8jgV aV egdbdo^dcZ YZaaV g^XZgXV heZXjaVi^kV Z heZg^bZciVaZ cZa hZiidgZ YZa Y^hV\^d \^dkVcâZ eZg ^cY^k^YjVgZ cjdkZ bZidYdad\^Z Y^ ^ciZgkZcid ^c [jco^dcZ ÆgêVgVi^kVÇ Z hdegViijiid ÆegZkZci^kVÇ Xdc Vii^kVo^dcZ Y^ cjdkZ higViZ\^Z eZg dkk^VgZ VaaÉVaadciVcVbZcid YZa b^cdgZ YVaaV [Vb^\a^V# Dg\VcôoV ^cXdcig^ hja iZbV YZaaÉVXXd\a^ZcoV ^beZ\cVcYdh^! VcX]Z XdaaVWdgVcYd Xdc aÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ 68;6 6hhdX^Vo^dcZ 8dbjcî| [Vb^\a^Z 6XXd\a^Zci^ ^c î^cZgVg^ [dgbVi^k^ eZg VWâîVgZ aZ [Vb^\a^Z VaaÉV[ÒYVbZcid Z VY VaigZ [dgbZ Y^ XdcY^k^h^dcZ#

^c[d5bjg^VaYd#iVV#^i lll#bjg^VaYd#iVV#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A:

6iijVabZciZ cdc k^ hdcd kdadciVg^ ^c H8C Z cdc ^ciZco^dcZ YZaaV 8dbjc^i| Bjg^VaYd Vii^kVgcZ ^c [jijgd ^c fjVcid h^ [Vg| g^[Zg^bZcid VaaÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ Bjg^VaYd YZa IgZci^cd 6aid 6Y^\Z DCAJH#

gZ[ZgZciZ gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ AjXV HdbbVYdhh^ Y^gZo^dcZ5bjg^VaYd#iVV#^i

'),

8IH 8:CIGD IG:CI>CD 9> HDA>96G>:I6É

&).

8=> H>6BD

hZY^ ^c IgZci^cd K^V 7gdcoZii^! &. (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& .((&,. [Vm %)+& .((%)-

Xih#igZcid5^da#^i lll#X^i^ZhhZ#dg\

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ :a^hVWZiiV 7ZckZcjid Xih#igZcid5^da#^i ^c[d5X^i^ZhhZ#dg\

')-

AV ;ZYZgVo^dcZ >iVa^VcV 8dbjcî| iZgVeZji^X]Z! cViV cZa &.-&! eZghZ\jZ jc egdÒad [ZYZgVi^kd X]Z igdkV cZaaV [dgbVo^dcZ! cZaaV hda^YVg^Zi|! cZ^ gVeedgi^ ^hiîjo^dcVa^! cZaaV Xdhigjo^dcZ Y^ VaaZVcoZ \a^ ZaZbZci^ Y^ [dgoV# Hdhi^ZcZ Z gVkk^kV aV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ YZaaZ 6hhdX^Vo^dc^ [ZYZgViZ! Va ÒcZ Y^ egZkZc^gZ Z g^YjggZ ^ XdcYô^dcVbZci^ YZg^kVci^ YVaaÉZbVg\^cVo^dcZ hdX^VaZ ZY ^c bdYd eVgi^XdaVgZ YVa bVaZhhZgZ \^dkVcâZ Z YVaaV idhh^XdYêZcYZcoV# ;dgiZ YZa hZchd Y^ VeeVgiZcZcoV Z YZaaV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ XdZgZciZ YZ^ hjd^ VYZgZci^! aV ;ZYZgVo^dcZ ^ciZcYZ XgZVgZ gVeedgi^ Z XdaaVWdgVo^dc^ Xdc aZ >hiîjo^dc^ edaî^X]Z Z hdX^Va^! VeZgi^ VaaÉ:jgdeV Z Va bdcYd# >a 8Zcigd IgZci^cd Y^ Hda^YVg^Zi| dcajh cVid cZa &.-) ZY hidg^XVbZciZ ^beZ\cVid cZa egdWaZbV YZaaV idhh^XdYêZcYZcoV YV Zgd^cV# 6iigVkZghd aV g^YZÒcô^dcZ YZ\a^ dW^Zii^k^ YZaaV egZhV ^c XVg^Xd Y^ eVo^Zci^ bjaiêgdWaZbVi^X^! h^ \^jci^ VaaV Xdhiîjo^dcZ Y^ jc eZgXdghd gZh^YZco^VaZ X]^VbVid ÆEgd\Ziid <^VcdÇ! X]Z h^ dXXjeV Y^ eZghdcZ X]Z hd[[gdcd h^V Y^ YêZcYZcoZ eVidad\^X]Z h^V Y^ Xd"Zh^hiZci^ Y^hijgW^ eh^X]^X^ \gVk^# >a Egd\Ziid Vgi^XdaVid ^c YjZ Y^kZghZ [Vh^! aÉ6XXd\a^ZcoV Z aV 8dbjcî| IZgVeZji^XV#

AÉVYZg^gZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ h^\c^ÒXV d[[g^gZ V^ \^dkVc^ aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ Z[[ZiijVgZ jc eZgXdghd Y^ XdcdhXZcoV YZaaV gZVai| YZaaZ higjiijgZ iZgVeZji^X]Z Xdc jc aVkdgd h^hiZbVi^Xd Y^ V[ÒVcXVbZcid V\a^ ZYjXVidg^ cZaaV fjdi^Y^Vcî| Xdc ^ eVo^Zci^# >a \^dkVcZ ]V bdYd Y^ XdcdhXZgZ aZ Vii^kî| egdedhiZ! ViigVkZghd â hjeedgid YZaaÉ fjêZ eZg \a^ VheZii^ h^V ad\^hi^X^ h^V dg\VcôoVi^k^# >cdaigZ bVijgV aV bdi^kVo^dcZ eZg Vkk^VgZ jcV egZeVgVo^dcZ Z XgZhXîV YVa ejcid Y^ k^hiV egd[Zhh^dcVaZ! XdbZ hXZaiV aVkdgVi^kV eZg â [jijgd! igdkVcYd ad heVo^d eZg Zheg^bZgZ aZ egdeg^Z g^hdghZ Z XVeVXî| cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaV XjgV#

8>II69>C6CO6II>K6

&*%

8=> H>6BD

hZYZ ^c IgZci^cd

K^V 8dcXdgY^V! '* (-%++ G^kV YZa <VgYV IC iZaZ[dcd$[Vm %)+) **'-+.

XîiVY^cVcoVii^kV#ic5iZaZ'#î lll#XîiVY^cVcoVii^kV#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

8îiVY^cVcoVii^kV jc bdk^bZcid Y^ eVgiZXêVo^dcZ X^k^XV X]Z YVa &.,- egdbjdkZ Z ijiZaV ^ Y^gîi^ YZ^ XîiVY^c^ Z YZ^ XdchjbVidg^# 9Va &..- g^XdcdhX^jiV YVa 8cXj egZhhd â B^c^hiZgd YZaad Hkâjeed :Xdcdb^Xd XdbZ VhhdX^Vo^dcZ YZ^ XdchjbVidg^# AV b^hh^dcZ Y^ 8îiVY^cVcoVii^kV igdkV â hjd [dcYVbZcid cZaaÉVgi#&&- YZaaV 8dhiîjo^dcZ! X]Z gZXîV/ ÆHiVid! gZ\^dc^! egdk^cXZ! Xîi| bZigdedaîVcZ! Xdbjc^ [Vkdg^hXdcd aÉVjidcdbV ^cô^Vi^kV YZ^ XîiVY^c^! h^c\da^ Z VhhdX^Vi^! eZg ad hkda\^bZcid Y^ Vii^kî| Y^ ^ciZgZhhZ \ZcZgVaZ! hjaaV WVhZ YZa eg^cXê^d YZaaV hjhh^Y^Vg^Zi|Ç# Hja iZggîdg^d egdk^cX^VaZ egZhZciZ Xdc jcV egdeg^V hZYZ V G^kV YZa <VgYV# 8îiVY^cVco5ii^kV jcÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ X^k^XV! [dgbViV YV gZi^! VaaV fjVaZ VYZg^hXdcd ^ hZ\jZci^ hd\\Zii^/ s Ig^WjcVaZ eZg ^ Y^gîi^ YZa bVaVid# >c egdk^cX^V hdcd egZhZci^ hZ^ hZo^dc^ Vii^kZ cZaaZ higjiijgZ dheZYVa^ZgZ Y^ IgZcid! EZg\^cZ! 8VkVaZhZ! 8aZh! I^dcZ Z 6gXd# s EgdXjgVidg^ YZ^ XîiVY^c^! X]Z h^ dXXjeVcd YZaaV ijiZaV YZ^ XîiVY^c^ cZ^ kVg^ XdbeVgi^ YZ^ ejWWa^X^ hZgkô^# s <^jhiô^V eZg ^ 9^gîi^! gZiZ [dgbViV YV bZY^X^ heZX^Va^hi^! bZY^X^ aZ\Va^ ZY VkkdXVi^! ^ fjVa^ kZc\dcd Vii^kVi^ eZg kZg^ÒXVgZ aZ hZ\cVaVo^dc^ X]Z ^ XîiVY^c^ [Vccd eZgkZc^gZ VaaZ kVg^Z hZY^# s HXjdaV Y^ 8îiVY^cVco5ii^kV! X]Z h^ dXXjeV YZaaV XVbeV\cV CVo^dcVaZ Æ>beVgVgZH^Xjg^Ç Z g^\jVgYV ^ iZb^ YZaaV h^XjgZooV cZaaV hXjdaV! daigZ VY VaigZ fjZhi^dc^ aZ\ViZ VaaÉVbW^ZciZ hXdaVhi^Xd# 6 G^kV YZa <VgYV egZhhd aV hZYZ Egdk^cX^VaZ Vii^kd jc hZgkô^d YZcdb^cVid/ s CE#>#I#"HZgkô^! eZg fjVcid g^\jVgYV aZ hZ\cVaVo^dc^ Y^ cVijgV XdchjbZg^hi^XV# s E#>#I#"HVajiZ! h^ dXXjeV YZaaZ fjZhi^dc^ hVcîVg^Z! Xdc ^ kVg^ egd[Zhh^dc^hi^ ^beZ\cVi^ cZa cdhigd Bdk^bZcid# 8îiVY^cVco5ii^kV ]V YZX^hd Y^ VYZg^gZ Va HZgkô^d 8^kâZ k^hiV aÉ^bedgiVciZ ZheZg^ZcoV X]Z hiViV [ViiV YVaaV HZYZ CVo^dcVaZ! YdkZ cjbZgdhZ eZghdcZ h^ hdcd ^beZ\cViZ cZ^ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ# H^ gî^ZcZ X]Z VcVad\d ZheZg^bZcid h^ edhhV ViijVgZ cZaaV egdk^cX^V Y^ IgZcid! iZcZcYd Xdcid YZaaÉ^beZ\cd hdX^VaZ V Xj^ â Bdk^bZcid X]^VbVid#

E^Zigd ;VWWg^ X^iiVY^cVcoVii^kV#ic5iZaZ'#^i

').

8DC;:9:G6O>DC: C6O>DC6A: B>H:G>8DG9>: 9É>I6A>6

&*&

8=> H>6BD

hZYZ ^c IgZci^cd

K^V >cchWgjX`! &( (-&'& IgZcid iZaZ[dcd -%% %.% '(+ [Vm %)+& )',+%'

lll#b^hZg^XdgY^Z#dg\

FjZhid Bdk^bZcid XVgîVi^kd cVXfjZ V ;^gZcoZ cZa &')) ZY VY d\\^ aV e^ Vci^XV [dgbV Y^ kdadciVg^Vid dg\VcôoVid# ;^c YVaaZ adgd dg^\^c^! egVi^XVcYd aZ DeZgZ Y^ 8Vgî|! aZ B^hZg^XdgY^Z ]Vccd hZbegZ Vii^kVbZciZ deZgVid ZY deZgVcd cZa hdXXdghd Z cZaaV hda^YVg^Zi| kZghd X]^jcfjZ edhhV igdkVgh^ cZa W^hd\cd# AÉdg^\^cVg^V bdi^kVo^dcZ ZkVc\Za^XV hiViV Y^ [dcYVbZciVaZ ZhZbe^d ZY ]V YZiZgb^cVid cZa iZbed â hdg\ZgZ Y^ hZbegZ e^ dg\VcôoViZ ^cô^Vi^kZ hda^YVg^hi^X]Z aV^X]Z! kdajiZ Z hdhiZcjiZ V ijii^ ^ a^kZaa^ edaî^X^ Z hdX^Va^# >a eajg^hZXdaVgZ ^beZ\cd YZaaZ B^hZg^XdgY^Z eZg aÉV^jid Va egdhh^bd! bdi^kVid YV egZX^h^ eg^cXê^ Y^ [gViZgcî| Z Y^ VbdgZ! hiVid ^cYjWW^VbZciZ â \ZgbZ Y^ fjZaaV X]Z d\\^ h^ YZÒc^hXZ Æ8îiVY^cVcoV 6ii^kVÇ# Hja iZggîdg^d egdk^cX^VaZ egZhZciZ ^c VXXdgYd Y^ eVgiZcVg^Vid Xdc aV 8dc[gViZgcîV YZaaV b^hZg^XdgY^V Y^ IgZcid dcajh# AV hZo^dcZ Y^ IgZcid! [dcYViV cZa '%%% bZY^VciZ Viid ejWWa^Xd! d\\^ XdciV +% kdadciVg^ Vii^k^ Z daigZ &'% hdX^ hdhiZcîdg^# > cdhig^ kdadciVg^ hdcd hijYZci^ jc^kZghîVg^! eZch^dcVi^! egd[Zhh^dc^hi^! XjdX]^! ^begZcYîdg^! ^be^Z\Vi^! bZY^X^! deZgV^! iZXc^X^! Vgi^\^Vc^ Z XVhVa^c\]Z# AÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ! YÉ^he^gVo^dcZ XViida^XV! deZgV cZa hZiidgZ YZaaV hda^YVg^Zi| ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ! cZaaV egdiZo^dcZ X^kâZ cVo^dcVaZ! cZaaV [dgbVo^dcZ Z cZ^ hZgkô^ hdX^Va^# :É V[Òa^ViV VaaV 8dc[ZYZgVo^dcZ CVo^dcVaZ YZaaZ B^hZg^XdgY^Z YÉ>iVa^V ZY ^hXgîiV VaaÉVaWd YZaaZ VhhdX^Vo^dc^ Y^ kdadciVg^Vid YZaaV Egdk^cX^V 6jidcdbV Y^ IgZcid#

6 ijiiÉd\\^ cdc hdcd hiVi^ Vii^kVi^ egd\Zii^ Y^ HZgk^o^d 8^k^aZ ^c egdk^cX^V Y^ IgZcid#

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ ?jg\Zc IdYZhXd XZaa ()+ +&.),--

'*%

b^hZg^XdgY^VigZcid5`ViVbV^a# Xdb

8GD8: GDHH6 >I6A>6C6

&*'

8=> H>6BD

hZYZ ^c IgZci^cd K^V BjgZYZ^! *& (-&'( IgZcid IC

AÉ6hhdX^Vo^dcZ YZaaV 8gdXZ GdhhV >iVa^VcV! higjiijgViV hj ijiid â iZggîdg^d cVo^dcVaZ Z gVeegZhZciViV hj fjZaad egdk^cX^VaZ YVa 8dbîVid Egdk^cX^VaZ Y^ IgZcid! jc ZciZ ejWWa^" Xd cdc ZXdcdb^Xd X]Z WVhV aV hjV Vii^kî| hja g^heZiid YZ^ hZ\jZci^ hZiiZ eg^cXê^ XVgY^cZ/ jbVcî|! ^beVgo^Vaî|! cZjigVaî|! ^cYêZcYZcoV! kdadciVg^Vid! jcî| ZY jc^kZghVaî|# AZ Vii^kî| hkdaiZ hdcd bdaiZea^X^! VaXjcZ YZaaZ fjVa^ hdcd/ hZgkô^d Y^ igVhedgid ^c[Zgb^! Vii^kî| Y^ egdiZo^dcZ X^kâZ! Xdgh^ Y^ [dgbVo^dcZ VaaV ededaVo^dcZ! VaaZ Vo^ZcYZ Z cZaaZ hXjdaZ! ^ciZgkZci^ V XVgViiZgZ hdX^d Ä Vhh^hiZco^VaZ! Y^[[jh^dcZ YZa Y^gîid ^ciZgcVo^dcVaZ jbVcîVg^d Z b^hh^dc^ jbVcîVg^Z VaaÉZhiZgd#

iZaZ[dcd %)+& (-%%%%

XdbîVidigZcid5XgîgZci^cd#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ AjXV BdhZg XdbîVidigZcid5XgîgZci^cd#î

8dch^YZgViV aV kVaZcoV ZYjXVi^kV Z [dgbVi^kV YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ kdadciVg^d! Z aÉdeedgijc^" i| Y^ XgZhXîV eZghdcVaZ Z egd[Zhh^dcVaZ YZ^ \^dkVc^ Vkk^Vi^! aV 8#G#>#! YV hZbegZ ViiZciV Z k^X^cV V^ \^dkVc^ Z VaaZ adgd Zh^\ZcoZ! ]V kdajid ^ckZhi^gZ cZaaÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ jc hZgkô^d X^kâZ ^c \gVYd Y^ \VgVci^gZ adgd fjZaaÉdXXVh^dcZ jiâZ eZg k^kZgZ ZheZg^ZcoZ Z VXfj^h^gZ kVadg^ Z eg^cXê^ heZcY^Wâ^ VcX]Z Yded aÉVccd Y^ hZgkô^d X^kâZ cZaaV fjdi^Y^Vcî| egd[Zhh^dcVaZ Z eZghdcVaZ# >a hZgkô^d X^kâZ gVeegZhZciV h^XjgVbZciZ jcÉdeedgijcî| eZg Vkk^X^cVgZ ^ \^dkVc^ Z fj^cY^ Xdcig^Wj^gZ VaaV adgd [dgbVo^dcZ YZa WV\V\a^d ZheZg^Zco^VaZ! Z hjeedgiVgZ aZ iVciZ ^cô^Vi^kZ hdX^d Vhh^hiZco^Va^ Z hdX^d hVcîVg^Z gZVaôoViZ hja iZggîdg^d cVo^dcVaZ# > kdadciVg^ YZa hZgkô^d X^kâZ hdcd Vkk^Vi^ ^c egd\Zii^ Y^ Vii^kî| X]Z kZYdcd VaigZh aÉ^b" e^Z\d Y^ Vaigd eZghdcVaZ 8#G#># X]Z [Vg| adgd YV \j^YV eZg aÉ^ciZgd Vccd! gZVaôoVcYd Xdh fjZa eg^cXê^d ^cYZgd\VWâZ YZa igVh[Zg^bZcid YZaaZ XdbeZiZcoZ Z YZ^ kVadg^ YV ÆBVZhigd VY 6eegZcY^hiV#

'*&

;:9:G6O>DC: H8H$8CDH H6A:H>6C>

&*(

8=> H>6BD

hZYZ ^c IgZci^cd

K^V 7VgWVXdk^! '' (-&%% IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& --****

Y^gZo^dcZ5hYWigZcid#^i lll#[ZYZgVo^dcZhXh#dg\ lll#hYWigZcid#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ Ydc HZg\^d 7dghVid Y^gZo^dcZ5hYWigZcid#^i

'*'

>a XVbb^cd YZaaV ;ZYZgVo^dcZ H8H$8CDH eVgiZ YV adciVcd# 9Va YZh^YZg^d Y^ VaXjc^ hVaZh^Vc^ ^beZ\cVi^ cZa hZiidgZ YZa Y^hV\^d \^dkVcâZ Z YVaaZ >heZiidg^Z HVaZh^VcZ YÉ>iVa^V Y^ YVgZ k^h^Wâî| VaaZ ZheZg^ZcoZ Xdc ^ gV\Voo^ ^c hîjVo^dcZ Y^ edkZgi| Z Y^ ZhXajh^dcZ hdX^VaZ# :É hiViV jcV ÆVc^bVo^dcZ YVa WVhhdÇ! YdkZ h^ hdcd bZhXdaVi^ Z hVaYVi^ aV egVhh^ fjdi^Y^VcV YZaaZ h^c\daZ ZheZg^ZcoZ! jcV kd\a^V Y^ XdaaZ\VbZcid eZg YVgZ k^\dgZ VaaZ heZg^bZciVo^dc^! aV g^XZgXV Y^ Xdc[ZgbZ ^hiîjo^dcVa^! â W^hd\cd Y^ Xdc[gdcid! â YZh^YZg^d Y^ Xd^ckda\ZgZ Vaig^# CZa aj\a^d &..( h^ Xdhiîj^hXZ aV ;ZYZgVo^dcZ HZgkô^ 8^kâ^ Z HdX^Va^ H8H egdbdhhV YVa 8Zcigd CVo^dcVaZ DeZgZ HVaZh^VcZ H8H$8CDH Xdc YjZ Òadc^ Y^ ^ciZgkZcid/ dW^Zo^dcZ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV Z hZgkô^d X^kâZ! Y^hV\^d ZY ZbVg\^cVo^dcZ \^dkVcâZ# Hdcd hdX^ aZ >heZiidg^Z HVaZh^VcZ Z aZ VhhdX^Vo^dc^ ZY deZgZ Vii^kZ cZa hZiidgZ YZa Y^hV\^d# >c fjZhi^ Vcc^! ^cdaigZ! aV ;ZYZgVo^dcZ H8H$8CDH h^ ^beZ\cViV Vii^kVbZciZ cZaaV egdbdo^dcZ YZa cdc egdÒi Z YZaaV hdX^Zi| X^kâZ! hiVid ZciZ [dcYVidgZ YZa ;dgjb EZgbVcZciZ YZa IZgod HZiidgZ Z YZaaV 8C:H8 8dc[ZgZcoV CVo^dcVaZ :ci^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ # AV ;ZYZgVo^dcZ egZhZciZ ^c egdk^cX^V Xdc gVeedgi^ Y^ eVgiZcVg^Vid Xdc YjZ hZY^ YZaaÉ>heZiidg^V HVaZh^VcV HVc BVgXd V IgZcid Z VaigZ V BZooVcd Y^ Eg^b^Zgd! K^\d Y^ ;VhhV! O^Vcd Y^ ;^ZbbZ Z G^kV YZa <VgYV# CZaaÉ>hiîjid HVaZh^Vcd Y^ IgZcid [dcYVid YV HVc <^dkVcc^ 7dhXd cZa &--,! [jco^dcV jcV HXjdaV BZY^V EVgîVg^V XViida^XV Xdc X^gXV &*% gV\Voo^$Z egdkZc^Zci^ YVaaV Xîi| Y^ IgZcid Z Y^cidgc^# IVaZ hXjdaV ]V jc hjd egd\Ziid ZYjXVi^kd! Z VaaÉ^ciZgcd Y^ fjZhid! aÉViiZco^dcZ g^kdaiV Va gV\Vood Va fjVaZ h^ d[[gZ ijiid â hZgkô^d ZYjXVi^kd Z hXdaVhi^Xd V[ÒcX] X^VhXjcd XgZhXV Z Y^kZci^ gZVabZciZ aV eZghdcV X]Z ijii^ heZgVcd½aÉdcZhid XîiVY^cd ZY â Wjdc Xg^hi^Vcd# >a egd\Ziid YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hZ\jZ \a^ ^cY^gôo^ ZY ^ kVadg^ egdedhi^ YVaaÉ>hiîjid Z eZg fjZhid h^ ^ciîdaV/ ÆJcV hXjdaV eZg Y^kZc^gZ X^ X]Z hZ^Ç# AV egZhZcoV Y^ \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ iZcYZ V gV[[dgoVgZ ^ hZgkô^ Zh^hiZci^ Z Y^ Vii^kVgcZ VcX]Z Vaig^ kZghd ^ \^dkVc^ YZhi^cViVg^ YZa egd\Ziid ZYjXVi^kd ^c bdYd YV hdhiZcZgZ X]^ ^c Y^[ÒXdai| Z! cZa XdciZbed! Vii^kVgZ eZgXdgh^ Y^ hkâjeed YZaaZ g^hdghZ eZghdcVa^# >a \^dkVcZ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ XdaaVWdgV eZg/ s g^hedcYZgZ VaaV YdbVcYV h^V ^bea^XîV X]Z Zhea^XîV Y^ XgZVgZ hîjVo^dc^ ^c Xj^ gV\Vood edhhV Zheg^bZgZ aZ egdeg^Z XVeVXî| [dgbVi^kZ! hedgi^kZ! bjh^XVa^! XjaijgVa^! iZVigVa^½# # G^hedcYZgZ V iVaZ ^hiVcoV h^\c^ÒXV ZaZkVgZ aÉViiZco^dcZ Va h^c\dad edgiVcYdad V hkâjeeVgZ â egdeg^d egdÒad eZghdcVaZ0 s hjeZgVgZ edhh^Wâ^ Y^hV[[Zo^dc^ hXdaVhi^X]Z X]Z edgiVcd V W^hd\cd Y^ gêZiô^dc^! VY VhhZcoZ! hdeedgiVo^dcZ YZaaÉîZg hXdaVhi^Xd0 s k^cXZgZ aV ^cXVeVXî| Y^ fjVaX]Z gV\Vood cZaaV \Zhi^dcZ YZa iZbed Z cZa XVcVaôoVgZ aZ egdeg^Z XVeVXî| Z g^hdghZ# KZY^ aVkdgd Y^ YdedhXjdaV ZXX0 s [Vg ZbZg\ZgZ! g^XgZVgZ! XgZVgZ d hVcVgZ Y^[ÒXdai| gZaVo^dcVa^! hdegViijiid [Vbâ^Vg^! XVjhV YZa Y^hV\^d d XdchZ\jZcoV YZa Y^hV\^d hiZhhd0 iVaZ Vo^dcZ idXXV hdegViijiid aZ Y^[ÒXdai| [Vbâ^Vg^0 s aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ \gjee^ [dgbVi^k^! XjaijgVa^! hedgi^k^! bjh^XVa^! iZVigVa^½ <gjee^ Y^ >ciZgZhhZ X]Z h^ V[ÒVcXVcd VaaV egdedhiV hXdaVhi^XV YZaaÉ>hiîjid# CZa '%%. ]Vccd eVgiZXêVid Va egd\Ziid Æ6 hXjdaV YV egdiV\dc^hi^Ç BVgXd BâVcd Z AjXV EdhZcVid

>C68 " >HI>IJID C6O>DC6A: 6HH>HI:CO6 8>II69>C>

&*)

8=> H>6BD

hZYZ ^c IgZci^cd

K^V BVXXVc^! &.. (-&'& IgZcid

AÉ>C68" >hiîjid CVo^dcVaZ Y^ 6hh^hiZcoV V^ 8îiVY^c^! â eVigdcVid YZaaV 8>6 8dc[ZYZgVo^dcZ >iVa^VcV 6\g^Xdaidg^ X]Z YV daigZ igZciÉVcc^ ijiZaV \gVijîVbZciZ ^ XîiVY^c^ hjaaZ fjZhi^dc^ egZk^YZco^Va^! Vhh^hiZco^Va^ Z eZg fjVcid g^\jVgYV aÉVhh^XjgVo^dcZ eZg \a^ ^c[dgijc^ hja aVkdgd# :hZgXîV Vii^kî| Y^ ^c[dgbVo^dcZ! Y^ Vhh^hiZcoV Z Y^ ijiZaV VcX]Z Xdc ediZg^ Y^ gVeegZhZciVcoV! V [VkdgZ YZ^ aVkdgVidg^ YêZcYZci^ Z Vjidcdb^! YZ^ eZch^dcVi^! YZ^ h^c\da^ XîiVY^c^ îVa^Vc^! higVc^Zg^ Z Veda^Y^ egZhZci^ cZa iZggîdg^d YZaad HiVid Z YZ^ adgd hjeZghiî^! eZg â XdchZ\j^bZcid ^c >iVa^V Z VaaÉZhiZgd YZaaZ egZhiVo^dc^ Y^ fjVah^Vh^ \ZcZgZ ^c bViZg^V Y^ h^XjgZooV hdX^VaZ! Zgd\ViZ YV Vbb^c^higVo^dc^! Zci^ ejWWa^X^ Z YV Zci^ \Zhidg^ Y^ [dcY^ Y^ egZk^YZcoV#

iZaZ[dcd %)+& )'&'(%

^cVXigZcid5X^V#^i lll#^cVX"X^V#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ HVWg^cV <g^aad

hVWg^cV#\g^aad5X^V#ic#^i

'*(

&**

8=> H>6BD

hZYZ ^c IgZci^cd K^V BViiZdii^! '%$& (-&'& IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& (,+&&&

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ

'*)

A>EJ A:<6 >I6A>6C6 EGDI:O>DC: J88:AA>

&*+

8=> H>6BD

hZYZ ^c IgZci^cd

adX# HVc GdXXd (-&'( IgZcid

AV A>EJ AZ\V >iVa^VcV EgdiZo^dcZ JXXZaa^ 6hhdX^Vo^dcZ Y^ egdiZo^dcZ VbW^ZciVaZ g^XdcdhX^jiV YVa B^c^hiZgd YZaaÉ6bW^ZciZ! :ciZ BdgVaZ g^XdcdhX^jid YVa EgZh^YZciZ YZaaV GZejWWa^XV!dcajh# Dg\VcôoVo^dcZ cdc ajXgVi^kV Y^ jiâî| hdX^VaZ ! :ciZ ^c \gVYd Y^ hkda\ZgZ g^XZgXV hX^Zci^ÒXV ^hXgîiV VaaÉ6cV\gV[Z CVo^dcVaZ YZaaZ G^XZgX]Z egZhhd â B^c^hiZgd YZaaÉJc^kZghî| Z YZaaV G^XZgXV HX^Zci^ÒXV Z IZXcdad\^XV! gVeegZhZciVciZ îVa^Vcd Y^ 7^gYA^[Z >ciZgcVi^dcVa# AV HZo^dcZ A>EJ Y^ IgZcid hiViV [dcYViV e^ Y^ kZciÉVcc^ [V Z h^ dXXjeV egZkVaZciZbZciZ Y^ XdchZgkVo^dcZ YZaaV cVijgV Z Y^ egdiZo^dcZ YZaaV [VjcV! Xdc eVgi^XdaVgZ g^[Zg^bZcid V\a^ jXXZaa^# AÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ egZhZciZ cZa 8dbîVid ;Vjc^hi^Xd Egdk^cX^VaZ Z cZa 8ddgY^cVbZcid YZaaZ 6hhdX^Vo^dc^ 6bW^ZciVa^hiZ IgZci^cZ# 8dciV X^gXV )%% ^hXgîi^ ^c IgZci^cd (%#%%% ^c >iVa^V Z Y^[[dcYZ aZ egdeg^Z ^cô^Vi^kZ ViigVkZghd Xdbjc^XVi^ hiVbeV ZY jcV cZlhaZiiZg# 6iijVabZciZ [dgiZbZciZ ^beZ\cViV cZaaV \Zhi^dcZ YZa 8Zcigd Y^ GZXjeZgd YZaaV ;VjcV cdc XVXX^VWâZ Z egdiZiiV! ^hiîjîd YVaaV E#6#I# cZa '%%)#

iZaZ[dcd ()% ').&--+ Ä ')')'(, 8Zcigd GZXje# 6k^[VjcV %)+& .(&)-&

aêjigZcid5k^g\â^d#î lll#aêj#î lll#Xg[h"igZcid#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ HZg\^d BZgo aêjigZcid5k^g\â^d#î

9ded aV eajg^ZccVaZ ZheZg^ZcoV Xdc \a^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV! aV A>EJ ]V gîZcjid Y^ VYZg^gZ Va h^hiZbV YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ# EgZhhd aV A>EJ! jc \^dkVcZ ej bVijgVgZ jcV WjdcV XdcdhXZcoV YZaaZ iZbVi^X]Z VbW^ZciVa^ Z hkâjeeVgZ dii^bZ XVeVXî| Y^ gZaVo^dcZ \gVo^Z Va XdhiVciZ gVeedgid Xdc ^ cdhig^ ^hXgîi^! Xdc ^ k^hîVidg^ YZaaV HZYZ Z [jc\ZcYd YV ÆÒaigdÇ YZ^ XdciVii^ YZg^kVci^ YVaaZ Vii^kî| YZa 8Zcigd GZXjeZgd ;VjcV# > \^dkVc^ ^c HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hVgVccd ^cdaigZ ^beZ\cVi^ ^c Vii^kî| Y^YVii^X]Z Y^ ZYjXVo^dcZ VbW^ZciVaZ hja iZggîdg^d aZ\ViZ VcX]Z VaaZ [jijgZ ediZco^Vaî| YZa 8Zcigd GZXjeZgd ;VjcV! Vbea^Vid Z igVh[Zgîd cZaaÉZhiViZ YZa '%%, YV 8VcYg^V^ Va Æ7dhXd YZaaV Xîi|ÆY^ IgZcid#

'**

B>C>HI:GD 9:AAÉ>CI:GCD

&*,

8=> H>6BD

hZYZ ^c IgZci^cd

8dghd IgZ CdkZbWgZ! && (-&'' IgZcid

9>E6GI>B:CID E:G A: A>7:GI6É 8>K>A> : AÉ>BB><G6O>DC:

>a 9êVgi^bZcid eZg aZ a^WZgi| X^kâ^ Z aÉ^bb^\gVo^dcZ hkda\Z [jco^dc^ Z Xdbeî^ heZiiVci^ Va B^c^hiZgd cZaaV ijiZaV YZ^ Y^gîi^ X^kâ^! ^k^ XdbegZh^ fjZaa^ XdcXZgcZci^/ aÉ^bb^\gVo^dcZ! aÉVhâd! aV XîiVY^cVcoV! aZ Xdc[Zhh^dc^ gZa^\^dhZ# CZaaÉVbWîd YZa 9êVgi^bZcid deZgVcd aÉJ[ÒX^d eZg aZ Vii^kî| YZa 8dbb^hhVg^d eZg â 8ddgY^cVbZcid YZaaZ >cô^Vi^kZ 6ci^gVX`Zi ZY 6ci^jhjgV Z aÉJ[ÒX^d eZg aZ Vii^kî| YZa 8dbb^hhVg^d eZg â 8ddgY^cVbZcid YZaaZ >cô^Vi^kZ Y^ Hda^YVg^Zi| eZg aZ kîi^bZ YZ^ gZVi^ Y^ iêd bVÒdhd! edhi^ VaaZ Y^gZiiZ YêZcYZcoZ YZ^ g^heZii^k^ 8dbb^hhVg^# CZaaÉVbWîd YZa 9êVgi^bZcid h^ igdkV VaigZh aV 8dbb^hh^dcZ CVo^dcVaZ eZg â Y^gîid Y^ Vhâd#

iZaZ[dcd %)+& ''%''%

lll#^ciZgcd#^i

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ EVdaV 8dooda^cd eVdaV#Xdooda^cd5^ciZgcd#^i

'*+

>a 9êVgi^bZcid VXXgZYîVid VaaÉVaWd YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ CVo^dcVaZ! ^hXgîid VaaV &V XaVhhZ Z edig| egdedggZ egd\Zii^ cZa hZiidgZ YZaaÉVhh^hiZcoV Z eVig^bdc^d Vgi^hi^Xd Z XjaijgVaZ#

EGDK>C8>6 6JIDCDB6 9> IG:CID

&*-

8=> H>6BD

hZYZ ^c IgZci^cd

K^V <# <^aa^! ( (-&'& IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& ).(&%% [Vm %)+& ).(&%&

AV Egdk^cX^V VjidcdbV Y^ IgZcid Xdhiîj^hXZ Xdc aV Egdk^cX^V VjidcdbV Y^ 7daoVcd! aV GZ\^dcZ IgZci^cd 6aid 6Y^\Z$H Yi^gda# AV Egdk^cX^V VjidcdbV Y^ IgZcid ZciZ iZggîdg^VaZ Xdc XdbeZiZcoZ Vbb^c^higVi^kZ Z aZ\^haVi^kZ# <gVo^Z Vaad heZX^VaZ HiVijid Y^ 6jidcdb^V! VYdiiVid Xdc aZ\\Z Xdhiîjo^dcVaZ! Y^hedcZ Y^ eVgi^XdaVg^ [dgbZ Z XdcYô^dc^ Y^ Vjidcdb^V# AZ Vii^kî| aZ\^haVi^kZ hdcd Viig^WjîZ Va 8dch^\a^d egdk^cX^VaZ ZaZiid V hj[[gV\^d jc^kZghVaZ! bZcigZ fjZaaZ Y^ \dkZgcd hdcd Y^ XdbeZiZcoV YZaaV <^jciV egdk^cX^VaZ XdbedhiV YVa EgZh^YZciZ YZaaV Egdk^cX^V Z YV\a^ VhhZhhdg^# AV \Zhi^dcZ Vbb^c^higVi^kV Z [jco^dcVaZ YZaaZ XdbeZiZcoZ YZaaV Egdk^cX^V h^ gZVaôoV ViigVkZghd jcÉdg\VcôoVo^dcZ XdbeaZhhV XdbedhiV YV 9êVgi^bZci^! HZgkô^! J[ÒX^! Z Egd" \Zii^ heZX^Va^#

j[[#hZgkô^dX^kâZ5egdk^cX^V#ic#î lll#hZgkô^dX^kâZ#ic#î

EZg bdai^ Vcc^ aV Egdk^cX^V VjidcdbV Y^ IgZcid hiViV ZciZ XdckZco^dcVid eZg aÉ^be^Z\d Y^ dW^Ziidg^ Y^ XdhX^ZcoV Z bdai^ hdcd hiVi^ ^ \^dkVc^ X]Z ]Vccd k^hhjid aÉZheZg^ZcoV YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ hdhiîji^kd ^c Vii^kî| \ZhiîZ V a^kZaad egdk^cX^VaZ# 9Va '%%+ aV Egdk^cX^V VjidcdbV Y^ IgZcid ^hXgîiV VaaÉ6aWd cVo^dcVaZ YZ\a^ :ci^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ eZg egZhZciVgZ egd\Zii^ ^c VbWî^ Z hZiidg^ Y^kZgh^! VcX]Z VaaÉZhiZgd#

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ HVgV <jZab^

j[[#hZgkô^dX^kâZ5egdk^cX^V#ic#î

CZa hZXdcYd hZbZhigZ '%&% aV Egdk^cX^V Vii^kZg| ^ egd\Zii^/ s ÆBdcîdgV\\^d YZa iZggîdg^d/ egZkZco^dcZ ZY ZYjXVo^dcZ VbW^ZciVa^Ç egdedhid YVa HZgkô^d <Zdad\^Xd cZa VbWîd YZaaÉ6bW^ZciZ0 s ÆEgd\Ziid 7VaXVc^/ 9^Vad\d ^ciZgZic^Xd Z XîiVY^cVcoV Vii^kV ViigVkZghd aV XddeZgVo^dcZ igV Xdbjcî| " ' ZYô^dcZÇ VaaÉZhiZgd cdcX] :YjXVo^dcZ Z egdbdo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ0 s ÆGZiZ ZjgdeZV eZg ^ Y^gîi^ a^c\j^hi^X^ YZ^ XîiVY^c^ Y^ b^cdgVcoVÇ egdedhid YVa HZgkô^d eZg aV egdbdo^dcZ b^cdgVcoZ a^c\j^hi^X]Z adXVa^ cZaaÉVbWîd YZa EVig^bdc^d Vgi^hi^Xd Z XjaijgVaZ Z kVadgôoVo^dcZ hidg^Z XjaijgVa^ adXVa^0 s ÆFjVaî| YZaaÉVbW^ZciZ! ijiZaV YZa eVZhV\\^d Z ^YZciî| XdaaZii^kZÇ egdedhid YVa HZgkô^d JgWVc^hi^XV Z ijiZaV YZa eVZhV\\^d cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaÉ6bW^ZciZ0 s Æ:H#H:G#8># :heZg^ZcoZ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ/ \^dkVc^ ^c gZiZ " ' ZYô^dcZÇ egdedhid YVaaÉJ[ÒX^d HZgkô^d 8^kâZ cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaÉ6c^bVo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ kZghd ^ \^dkVc^0 s ÆJc eVig^bdc^d Y^ ijii^/ â bjhZd " ' ZYô^dcZÇ egdedhid YVa 8VhiZaad YZa 7jdcXdch^\a^d cZaaÉVbWîd YZa EVig^bdc^d Vgi^hi^Xd Z XjaijgVaZ0 s ÆEgdiZo^dcZ YZaaÉVbW^ZciZ/ Xdai^kVgZ aV XjaijgV YZaaV egZkZco^dcZ " ' ZYô^dcZÇ egdedhid YVaaÉ6#E#E#6 cZaaÉVbWîd YZaaÉ:YjXVo^dcZ Z egdbdo^dcZ XjaijgVaZ! ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ kZghd ^ b^cdg^#

'*,

JCEA> " ;:9:G6O>DC: IG:CI>C6 EGD AD8D : ADGD 8DCHDGO>

&*.

8=> H>6BD

hZYZ ^c IgZci^cd

K^V <Vg^WVaY^! ( (-&'' IgZcid iZaZ[dcd %)+& '(.%%+ [Vm %)+& '+),*,

AV ;ZYZgVo^dcZ IgZci^cV Egd AdXd Z adgd 8dchdgo^ aÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ Y^ ijiiZ aZ Egd AdXd YZa IgZci^cd Z YZ^ adgd 8dchdgo^# CVhXZ cZa &.-( eZg [Vg [gdciZ VY Zh^\ZcoZ X]Z g^\jVgYVcd cZa XdbeaZhhd â bdk^bZcid YZa kdadciVg^Vid ijg^hi^Xd# DeZgV eZg aV ijiZaV Z aV XgZhXîV Y^ [dgbZ kdadciVg^Z Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ YZaaV Xdbjcî| X]Z edhhVcd fjVa^ÒXVgZ aZ h^c\daZ gZVai| VcX]Z YVa ejcid Y^ k^hiV ijg^hi^Xd# ;jc\Z YV ^ciZg[VXX^V XdaaZii^kV Va bdcYd YZa ijg^hbd egdk^cX^VaZ bdcîdgVcYd aV h^cZg\^V igV fjZhid Z a^ kdadciVg^Vid! Y^ Xj^ Y^[ZcYZ aV cVijgV hdX^VaZ Z \gVijîV# AV ;ZYZgVo^dcZ â 8dbîVid GZ\^dcVaZ JCEA> Jc^dcZ CVo^dcVaZ Egd AdXd YÉ>iVa^V ! aÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ X]Z g^jc^hXZ aZ X^gXV +#%%% Egd AdXd îVa^VcZ# 6hhdX^V VY d\\^ &*) Egd AdXd Y^hig^WjîZ hj ijiid â iZggîdg^d IgZci^cd Z aZ adgd . V\\gZ\Vo^dc^ iZggîdg^Va^ YZcdb^cViZ 8dchdgo^ Egd AdXd# AV [dgbV \^jg^Y^XV aÉVhhdX^Vo^dcZ Z h^ ÒcVco^V ^c eVgiZ ViigVkZghd aV ae - YZa '%%'! ^c fjVcid hd\\Ziid g^XdcdhX^jid igV \a^ Viidg^ YZa ijg^hbd! ^c eVgiZ Xdc aZ fjdiZ VhhdX^Vi^kZ Z ^c eVgiZ ViigVkZghd aV gZVaôoVo^dcZ Y^ WVcY^ ZY Vii^kî| [dgbVi^kZ#

^c[d5jceaîgZci^cd#î lll#jceaîgZci^cd#î

H:GK>O>D 8>K>A: gZ[ZgZciZ gZ[ZgZciZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ eZg aV Xdbjc^XVo^dcZ >kd Edk^cZaa^

'*-

Y^gZo^dcZ5jcea^igZci^cd#^i

AV ;ZYZgVo^dcZ ^hXgîiV VaaÉ6aWd YZ\a^ Zci^ Y^ HZgkô^d 8^kâZ XdbZ hZYZ YZaaÉJcea^# AV hjV eVgiZXêVo^dcZ XdZgZciZ Xdc aV b^hh^dc ^hiîjo^dcVaZ X]Z ^c \ZcZgVaZ egZkZYZ X]Z aV egdbdo^dcZ Z aÉ^cXgZbZcid YZa kdadciVg^Vid ijg^hi^Xd h^Vcd egVi^XV Y^ eVgiZXêVo^dcZ YZaaZ eZghdcZ V^ YZhi^c^ YZaaV egdeg^V Xdbjcî| Y^ VeeVgiZcZcoV# 6iigVkZghd aÉVii^kî| Y^ Vc^bVo^dcZ! Y^ g^hXdeZgiV Y^ igVYô^dc^! Y^ dg\VcôoVo^dcZ Y^ ZkZci^! aZ Egd AdXd [Vkdg^hXdcd ^c[Vii^ jc gîgdkVid hZchd YZaaV hdX^Vaî| X]Z V\\^jc\Z! Va e^VXZgZ Y^ XdcY^k^YZgZ jc ZheZg^ZcoV Xdc \a^ Vaig^! aV edhh^Wâî| Y^ ZhhZgZ egdiV\dc^hi^ cZaaV kVadgôoVo^dcZ YZa egdeg^d heVo^d Y^ kîV# 6iigVkZghd aZ Egd AdXd h^ gêgZcYZ XdciViid Xdc \a^ heVo^ ejWWa^X^! hZbegZ e^ gVg^ Z hZbegZ e^ kjdi^! h^ eVgiZXêV V hXZaiZ XdaaZii^kZ! fjVajcfjZ h^V â adgd XdciZcjid# 8dc â hZgkô^d X^kâZ aV ;ZYZgVo^dcZ kjdaZ ediZco^VgZ Z gZcYZgZ k^h^WâZ fjZhid VheZiid cVhXdhid YZaaZ Egd AdXd! Y^ Xj^ h^ kZYZ heZhhd â aVid bZgVbZciZ deZgVi^kd d ijg^hi^Xd$ZXdcdb^Xd! hdiida^cZVcYdcZ â kVadgZ hdX^VaZ! V\\gZ\Vi^kd Z Y^ hkâjeed YZaaZ gZaVo^dc^#

6CCJ6G>D '%%.$'%&% ) ZY^o^dcZ

Hja iZgg^idg^d igZci^cd hdcd ^cdaigZ egZhZci^! Xdc hZY^ deZgVi^kZ! :ci^ Y^ Xj^ cdc hiVid edhh^W^aZ gZY^\ZgZ aV hX]ZYV ^c[dgbVi^kV! ZY ^c eVgi^XdaVgZ/

6hhdX^Vo^dcZ H#D#H# >A I:A:;DCD 6OOJGGD 8#D#C#># Ä 8dbîVid Da^be^Xd CVo^dcVaZ >iVa^Vcd 8#H#># Ä 8Zcigd Hedgi^kd >iVa^Vcd 8:#C#6#H#8#6# Ä 8#>#H#A# 8:CIGD C6O>DC6A: HEDGI>KD A>7:GI6H 8dbîVid >iVa^Vcd eZg aÉJC>8:; :#C#9#6#H# " :ciZ CVo^dcVaZ 9ZbdXgVi^Xd Y^ 6o^dcZ HdX^VaZ :#C#H# Ä :ciZ CVo^dcVaZ eZg aV egdiZo^dcZ Z aÉVhh^hiZcoV YZ^ HdgY^ B^c^hiZgd YZaaV <^jhiô^V " 9êVgi^bZcid YZaaÉ6bb^c^higVo^dcZ EZcîZco^Vg^V B^c^hiZgd YZaaV <^jhiô^V " 9êVgi^bZcid eZg aV <^jhiô^V B^cdgâZ EVigdcVid 686> L#L#;# " LdgaY LâY ;jcY

H^ g^c\gVo^Vcd \a^ Zci^ Z aZ dg\VcôoVo^dc^ YZa HZgkô^d 8^kâZ eZg aV gZYVo^dcZ YZaaZ hX]ZYZ Y^ egZhZciVo^dcZ X]Z Xdbedc\dcd fjZhid kdajbZ Z Xdc aÉdXXVh^dcZ X^ h^ hXjhV eZg ZkZcijVa^ iV\a^ Z g^ZaVWdgVo^dc^ YZ^ iZhi^ gZh^ cZXZhhVg^ eZg Zh^\ZcoZ Y^ cVijgV \gVÒXV# ;did/ J[ÒX^d HZgkô^d 8^kâZ E6I " HXVii^ gZVaôoVi^ cZa AVWdgVidg^d [did\gVÒXd Xdc aV hjeZgk^h^dcZ Y^ AZVcYgd HVW^c EVo \gVÒXV/ 7Zc HijY^d " IgZcid hiVbeV/ :;;: Z :GG: Aîd\gVÒXV '%&%

Ben Studio - 2009