Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 223-227 Dec 2010 The magnited of Lead in zahedan ground water Hossein Atashi¹, Nargess Rahimi² and Farrokh Akbari Espaili³ ¹Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, P.O. Box 98164161,Zahedan (Iran). ²Islamic Azad University (Birjand Branch) , And the PhD student of Food science and Thechnology , Islamic Azad University (Sabzevar Branch) (Iran). ³Chemical Engineering Department, M.Sc, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, P.O. Box 98164-161, Zahedan (Iran). Received on July 10, 2010 and accepted on August 25, 2010
ABSTRACT Zahedan city is located in the dry and semidry area in the Iran and close to Pakistan boarder. At this region fresh drinking water is limited to groundwater resource. Because of main role of water in the transmission several type of disease and assess the risks of adverse health effect on human exposure to lead influenced by human activities and geological survey in Zahedan we decide to test water sample from 10 well in separate places in zahedan for measuring quantity of lead. We have measured lead concentration by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The concentration of lead in sampling wells was the range of 1.47 to 1.68 ppm. Comparing the amounts of measured lead concentration of lead are more than standard limit (0.01ppm) in all the wells. In order to determine contaminated regions and direction of pollution diffusions, we have down isoconcentration counters on the geological map of the area. By the obtaining information about industrial, agricultural, animal husbandry activities, geological and geochemistry of the region we have defind the origin of grand water pollution of the region. Keywords : Zahedan, lead, pollution, grand water.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 229-234 Dec 2010
A sustainable fuel strategy for the Iranian passenger cars using a continuous dynamic optimization approach A.A. Rassafi*, A.N. Azadani¹, Z. Esmaeili², S. Sharifnia³ and M. S. Hajitarverdi4 *Faculty of Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin (Iran). ¹Faculty of Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin (Iran). ²Department of Mechanical Engineering, Research Office, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin (Iran). ³Chemical Engineering Dept. Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah (Iran). 4Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research, Tehran (Iran). Received on October 14, 2010 and accepted on November 21, 2010
ABSTRACT Using alternative fuels for vehicles is of great importance even in developed countries. The current paper attempts to analyze the possible choices for passenger car fuel and to present an appropriate strategy for choosing an alternative fuel. In this regard, four types of fuels including gasoline as the current prevailing energy content in Iran were selected. The alternatives were LPG, CNG, and hydrogen. Potential strategies have been produced by using a continuous dynamic approach according to political, economical and social objectives. The strategies are statically and dynamically applicable. However, in this study the dynamical continuous approach was selected. The results show that hydrogen as a zero emission fuel is a suitable choice although the cultural and infrastructural obstacles exist against it. The second proposed fuel after gasoline is CNG which is the current choice of the country as an alternative fuel. The methodology presented herein can be extended to more alternatives and wider period in order to gain more comprehensive results. Keywords : sustainable development, fuel strategy, pollution, modeling, multi-criteria decision making.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 235-242 Dec 2010
The measurement of sprouting amount of dry and fresh weight in plant organs in environment due to polluting affect of cadmium in 8 varieties of Brassica napus L. Habibeh Zare and Ali Morad Shahi Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Bushehr (Iran). Received on April 12, 2010 and accepted on June 17, 2010
ABSTRACT Cadmium is one of the most polluting herbaceous, poison, heavy metal. Although it is not essential for plant’s growth, it is simply absorbed by root and transferred to aerial organs. Gathered cadmium in plants is the main source of food poisoning for human and animals. Cadmium is an element that is found in crust naturally. Pure cadmium is a soft like- silver metal. Usually cadmium is not found as a free metal in environment but in combination with other elements, like cadmium oxide, cadmium chloride or cadmium sulfide and cadmium sulfate etc. Cadmium sulfide is used as pigments in plastic. The main factors that cause cadmium pollution in environment include: the burning of coal and house- waste rubbishes and extraction of metals from mines and that leads to increase cadmium in environment. house- waste and industrial waste waters introduce cadmium in potable waters, and under ground waters. chemical fertilizers specially phosphor have sufficient amount of cadmium. Fertilizers made from phosphate minerals is also one of the source of cadmium pollution. Agricultural lands in many parts of the world are polluted by cadmium as a result of the use of phosphate fertilizers for long time. In this study the effects of cadmium chloride on a number of agricultural Brassica napus kinds is under taken, with following points. 1. Cadmium effect on sprouting in petri dishes. 2. The study of cadmium effect on the growth of Brassica napus embryo in Hogland food solution and the selection of B. napus types which are sensitive and resistant to cadmium chloride. 3. The effect of cadmium chloride is considered in respect of these aspects: Variation in amount of chlorophyll from leaves. 4. The study of role of cadmium in roots and aerial parts of the plant. 5. The study of amount of cadmium in the seeds due to green house cultivation of two sensitive and resistant varities Brassica napus kinds. Keywords : Brassica napus, cadmium tension, chlorophyll, dry and fresh weight.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 243-251 Dec 2010
Equilibrium sorption studies for Cu2+ and Pb2+metal ions on three different biomasses Uma M. K. Nagpal¹ and Hassan Rezaei² ¹Department of Geology, University of Pune, Pune (India). ²Department of Environmental Sciences,University of Pune, Pune (India). Received on October 13, 2010 and accepted on November 20, 2010
ABSTRACT Presence of heavy metals in the aquatic system is posing serious problems. The aim of this study was to utilize the locally available agricultural waste materials for scavenging these heavy metals. In the present study, the biomass generated from the dried leaves of Terminalia Catappa, Dalbergia latifolia and Ficus benghalensis was used for evaluating the biosorption characteristics of Pb and Cu ions in aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were performed on these leaves and it was found that the amount of metal ions adsorbed increased with the increase in the initial metal ion concentration. The equilibrium sorption capacity for 800 mg l-1 metal solution was 77.55, 59.35 and 19.35 mg g-1 respectively for these three leaves. Out of the two isotherms tried Langmuir gave the best fit with r2 values ranging from 0.96 to 0.98. Terminalia Catappa leaves were found to be best sorbent than Dalbergia latifolia followed by Ficus benghalensis leaves which showed least sorption. From the leaf composition from XRF, Ion exchange also could be one of the options for studying the mechanism of adsorption of these cations on these leaves. Comparing with other similar studies these were found to be the excellent adsorbents and can be successfully used by Industries for heavy metal removal Keywords : Biosorption, heavy metals, Langmuir Isotherm.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 253-257 Dec 2010
Physico-chemical analysis of borewells drinking water of Kapadwanj territory S.N. PANDYA*, A.K. RANA+ and D.K. BHOI Department of Chemistry, J & J College of Science, Nadiad 387 001 (India). Navjivan Science College, Dahod - 389 151 (India). Received on August 15, 2010 and accepted on September 23, 2010
ABSTRACT Physico-chemical analysis such as temperature , pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, chloride, total alkalinity, calcium and magnesium hardness, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate of bore wells water was carried out from twenty sampling stations of Kapadwanj territory area during the May - 2009 and October 2009 in order to assess water quality index. Keywords : Physico-chemical analysis, Borewells drinking water, Kapadwanj, Gujarat.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 259-261 Dec 2010
Studies on effect of Cumin extract on induced hyper cholesteraemic male rats Habibeh Zare¹ and A. Moradshahi² ¹Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Bushehr (Iran). ²Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University, Eram square, Shiraz (Iran). Received on April 12, 2010 and accepted on June 17, 2010
ABSTRACT In the present study, the effect of water extract of cumin on plasma lipids were studied in healthy male rats. The objective of the present research is to study the effect of extract of cumin on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in induced hyper cholesterolemic male rats. Various biochemical parameters such as triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C and LDL-C were studied. The body weight of rats was measured before and end of the experiment. The results of present study shows that water extract of cumin cause significant decrease of TC (pre- test 299+-37.08, post-test 149.1+-31, p=0.017) and LDL-C(pretest 153+-14 ,post-test 0.12+-8.7, p=0.001). While in case of feeding groups of water extract of cumin shows significant increasing levels of HDL-C(pre-test 77+-13.1 , posttest 120+-18, p=0.003) . No changes in the body weight of the rats were observed in exercised group. Significant changes were also noticed in rats treated with cumin extract. Keywords : Hyper Cholesteraemic rats, cumin, plasma lipoproteins.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 263-270 Dec 2010
A study of media seeking habits and mass media reach for urban settings of Tripura G.P. PANDEY¹ and SUPRATIM BISWAS² ¹Department of Mass Communication, School of Information Sciences, Assam Central University, Silchar - 788 011 (India). ²State Health & Family Welfare Society (National Rural Health Mission), Health Directorate Building, 3rd Floor, Pt. Nehru Complex, Gurkhabasti, P.O Kunjaban, Agartala-799006 (India). Received on October 03, 2010 and accepted on December 12, 2010
ABSTRACT Human development and well being of individual is the primary objective held by our country in the form of implementing monitorable plans and policies. In this age of Information Technology where our present world has shifted to a global village, the process of advancing developmental priorities has doubly reinforced. The development of the society is directly related to education. Mass Media enable the spread of education through conventional as well as unconventional methods. In Mass Communication, the channel is one or more of the following mass media, viz, TV, Radio, Print Media, etc. Mass Media can raise awareness of specific facts, because the mass media are assumed to carry a certain authority and reliability. Mass Media are used to add new information to human knowledge and keep on upgrading it. The paper aims of analyzing media seeking habits and mass media reach of common people in urban settings of Tripura. Keywords : Mass Media, Media Seeking Habit, Urban Setting, Tripura.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 271-278 Dec 2010
Environmental chemistry of a rare muddy snowfall occurrence on Alpine zone glaciers of Gulmarg, Kashmir Himalaya, India F.A. Lone, M.A. Khan, N. Qureshi, N.A. Kirmani¹, S.H. Sidiquee² and R.A. Shah³ Division of Environmental Sciences,S.K.University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 191 121 (India). ¹Division of Soil Sciences,S.K.University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 191 121 (India). ²Division of Agri-Statistics ,FoA wadura, S.K.University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar - 191 121 (India). ³Department of BioSciences,Jammia Millia Islamia, New Delhi - 110 025 (India). Received on January 12, 2009 and accepted on February 20, 2009
ABSTRACT The Kashmir Himalayan valley witnessed some unique environmental pollution phenomena including black snow and outbreak of red-tide in lacustrine systems during early 1991. The occurrence of a rare muddy snowfall in May 2002 on high altitude (>4300 m.asl) Afarwat glaciers in the alpine zone (near Gulmarg) of Pir Panjal mountainous range of the Kashmir Himalaya indicates changing environmental scenario of the region. The principal hydrochemistry of the snow samples collected from the glacier revealed relatively high pH values (6.2-6.9) as compared to low records (pH;5.6) in snow samples of the valley-floor (alt.1600 m). The ionic composition showed relatively high values (u eq L-1) of chloride (12), carbonates (20), bicarbonates (36) and silicates (19) in the top-most layer of the glacier whilst dissolved oxygen and dissolved organic matter were below detection levels. On the contrary, low levels of nitrate (3.3 u eq L-1) and ammonical-nitrogen (2.8 u eq L-1) were recorded in glacier snow samples compared to valley-floor samples. The comparison with published works from other regions of the world indicates that the ionic concentration is higher in the glacier snow of the Kashmir Himalaya. Keywords : Chemical environment, Muddy snow, Himalayan glacier, Kashmir, Comparison, World-records
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 279-285 Dec 2010
Heat transfer and fluid flow analysis of roughness ribin solar air heater duct by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Prashant Baredar¹, Shankar kumar², Ajeet kumar Giri² and Jitendra kumar³ ¹Department of Energy, Maulana Ajad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal - 462 051 (India). ²Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lakshmi Narayan College of Technology, Bhopal -462 021 (India). ³Department of Mechanical Engineering, NRI Institute of Information Science and Technology, Bhopal - 462 021(India). Received on April 12, 2010 and accepted on June 17, 2010
ABSTRACT This study evaluates heat transfer and fluid flow behavior in a rectangular duct with inverted U-type turbulator roughened ribs mounted on one of the principal wall (solar plate) by computational fluid dynamics software (Fluent 6.3.26 Solver). In this study CFD software has been used to perform a numerical simulation for enhance turbulent heat transfer. In this study, the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes analysis is used as a numerical technique and the k-e turbulent model with near-wall treatment as a turbulent model. The results are validated by comparing with existing experimental datas. The Reynolds number, pitch-to-rib high ratio and different pitch are chosen as design variables. Reynolds number range from 3800 to 18000; ratio of turbulator height to duct hydraulic mean diameter is varied from, e/Dh = 0.0186 to 0.03986 (Dh = 37.63 mm and e = 0.7 to 1.5 mm) and turbulator pitch to height ratio is varied from, p/e = 6.67 to 57.14 (p = 10 to 40 mm).The angle of attack of flow on turbulators, a = 90o kept constant during the whole analysis. The effects of roughness parameters on Nusselt number and friction factor have been discussed and the conditions for the best performance have been analysied. Keywords : Heat transfer, computational fluid dynamics.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 287-292 Dec 2010
Effect of thermal pollution on the hydrological parameters of river Jhelum (J & K) Tanveer A. Qureshi, T.A. Qureshi, Salman Rouf Chalkoo, Kamlesh Borana and Susan Manohar Department of Applied Aquaculture, Barkatullah University, Bhopal - 462 026 (India). Received on November 11, 2010 and accepted on December 25, 2010
ABSTRACT The Buniyar hydroelectric project and the Lower Jhelum Barrier at Gantamulla constructed across river Jhelum are in operation from several years. The two power stations have changed the hydrological features of the area where dam is situated. Therefore, the impact of hydroelectric projects on fishery resources of river Jhelum is a matter of great concern. The treated water from the power house is released through turbines, having cooling effect on them. The change in the hydrological parameters such as increase in temperature, depletion of oxygen etc. might have brought fishes under stress which is the main cause in decreased population of finfishes from site to site. The golden Mahaseer, Tor putitora, which was once an abundant species in River Jhelum has come under the threat of extinction due to human intervention. The prevailing water quality around hydroelectric projects is unsuitable for finfishes of river Jhelum. Keywords : Pollution, Hydrological parameters, Finfish, Jhelum.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 293-298 Dec 2010
Assessment of drinking water quality of jaipur main and its suburb railway stations with special mention to fluoride Anirudh Sahni¹, Kavita Sahni² and Abhishek Gautam¹ ¹Department of Environmental Science, Birla Institute of Technology, Jaipur Campus, Jaipur (India). ²Department of Zoology, Vedic Kanya PG College, Jaipur (India). Received on August 19, 2010 and accepted on September 23, 2010
ABSTRACT Fluorosis is the prevalent problem of the Rajasthan state as the drinking water source at many places are ground water which are having high concentration of fluoride ion. Fluoride contamination of ground water may be correlated with the regional geological aspects. For the present study the water samples were collected and analysed for physico-chemical parameters namely pH, EC, TDS, Calcium and Magnesium Hardness, Total Alkalinity, Chlorides, Sulphates, Nitrates etc. with special reference to fluoride deliberation for drinking water of Jaipur main station (Two samples); Jagatpura; Durgapura; Sanganer; Gandhinagar; Baisgodam and Kanakpura railway stations. The source of drinking water at every station is groundwater. The analysed values were compared with the standard values of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and World Health Organisation (WHO). The analysis shows that the fluoride concentration is much higher in the drinking water samples of Sanganer; Jagatpura; Jaipur main; Baisgodam and Kanakpura railway station where as it is within permissible limits for the drinking water of Durgapura and Gandhinagar railway station. According to BIS and WHO the fluoride concentration more than 1.5 mg/l is toxic and may cause Fluorosis. Too much of fluoride concentration leads to destruction of enamel and causes fluorosis leading to decalcification, dental disorder, mineralization of tendons, digestive and nervous system. Out of eight water samples six are of higher range and two comes in the permissible limits. Hence the study suggests the defluoridation of drinking water in the study area. Keywords : Fluorosis, decalcification, drinking water quality, defluoridation.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 299-304 Dec 2010
Removal of heavy metals from waste water using different biosorbents S. Murugavelh¹ and D.Vinothkumar²* ¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam (India). ²Department of Biotechnology, Adhiyamaan Engineering College, Hosur, Tamil Nadu (India). Received on November 19, 2010 and accepted on December 16, 2010
ABSTRACT The discharge of waste water containing heavy metals like Cr, Cd, Cu from tanneries, electroplating units, metal processing industry etc is the major cause for metal pollution which in turn causes adverse effects in the environment. The conventional methods available for removal of heavy metal are costly and also produce some toxic sludge. This has lead to the invention of new technology like biological removal of heavy metal. In this paper use of various biosorbents like plants, microbes and their derived products were reviewed with context to metal removal. Various modes of operation and reactor types, adsorption kinetics with respect to growth condition and metal sorption were also given importance. Keywords : Biosorption, bioremediation, heavy metal, bioreactors, immobilization, isotherms.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 305-310 Dec 2010
Application of water quality index for assessment of pond water quality status in Orissa, India Rizwan Reza* and Gurdeep Singh ยนDeparment of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand (India). Received on June 05, 2010 and accepted on July 11, 2010
ABSTRACT Water quality index (WQI) has been calculated for different Ponds water in industrialized area at Angul-Talcher region of Orissa (India). Water Quality Index used to assess the spatial and temporal variation and also helps in classification of pond water suitability. The pond water samples were collected (n=14) from different locations of the study area. The highest value of WQI of the samples was 80 in monsoon season while the lowest value was 43 in summer season. The higher value of WQI has been found to be mainly from the increased concentration of BOD and Coliforms in the pond water. Most of the water samples within study area were found within medium category of National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI). Keywords : Pond water, WQI, seasonal variation, National sanitation foundation, domestic waste.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 311-315 Dec 2010
The jeoparadised wonderland of aquatic ecosystem Deepa S. Kumar Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Near Kaliasot Dam, Kolar Road, Bhopal - 462 001 (India). Received on April 12, 2010 and accepted on June 17, 2010
ABSTRACT Human activities have dangerously altered the balance of aquatic Ecosystem. Over fishing, trawling and dredging, plastic debris & nets, waste dumping, toxin washing, oil spills and piracy on the high seas has done extensive damage to the ecosystem. The aquatic ecosystem is vital to the health and welfare of all life forms that pass through it. The present paper attempts to recount the immeasurable benefits of aquatic ecosystem which are indispensable for the ecological balance and preservation of the planet ‘Earth’. The human callousness has jeopardized the costal wetlands and oceans to irreversible levels causing increase in water temperature, drying of lacks, change in streams, increase in the distribution areas of ailment vectors, change in precipitation amounts and models. Loss of this magnitude has impacted the entire ecosystem depriving valuable resources of food, medicines and industrial materials for human beings. Keywords : Global Warming, Bio-diversity, Aquatic Ecosystem, Wet land, mangroves, Ecology
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 317-321 Dec 2010
Advance oxidation processes for textile waste water treatment - At a glance Rajendra Singh¹, R.S. Verma² and Yogita yadav³ ¹Department of Chemistry, I.G.B.N. P.G. College, Jhunjhunu (India). ²Department of Chemistry, Government Dungar College, Bikaner (India) ³Department of Chemistry, JIET, Jaipur (India). Received on April 12, 2010 and accepted on June 17, 2010
ABSTRACT Effluent Quality has became more restrictive day by day as the world wide water authorities has became more aware with this respect. Use of conventional treatment such as biological treatment discharge will no longer be tolerated as 53% of 87 colours are identified as non-bio-degradable. Advance oxidation processes provide great alternatives for better treatment of textile effluent and for the protection of environment. In this paper an overview is considered in respect of basis and treatment efficiency of different AOPs with their special features. Keywords : H2O2/UV; 03/UV; 03/H2O2, 03/H202/UV.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 323-327 Dec 2010
Ferronia elefuntum fruit shell : A carrier for the removal of lead (II) from aqueous solution U.E. Chaudhari Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Fule Arts, Commerce and Sitramji Chaudhari Science College, Warud, Distt. Amravati (India). Received on August 11, 2010 and accepted on September 18, 2010
ABSTRACT The studies on removal of Lead (II) were conducted using Ferronia elefuntum Fruit shell. Adsorption efficiency has been evaluated. The effect of pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, concentration of metal, particle size and temperature were studied. The results reveal that Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms are followed during adsorption process. Thermodynamids parameters indicate the feasibility of the process. Kinetic studies have been performed to understand the mechanism of adsorption. Column studies have been carried out to compare these with batch capacities. Keywords : Lead (II), Adsorption, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm, Ferronia elefuntum fruit shell.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 329-331 Dec 2010
Habitation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the aura of Agra the city of Taj Mahal Deepti Srivastava, Avdhesh Kumar Johri* and Ashok Kumar School of Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, St. John’s College, Agra (India). *Department of Chemistry, S.C.G.P.G College, Mainpuri (India). Received on April 12, 2010 and accepted on June 17, 2010
ABSTRACT When speaking about harm to the human body in the term of pollution, indoor pollution is equally harmful as the outdoor pollution. Volatile Organic Compounds contribute to the toxic oxidants which are harmful to the ecosystem, human health and atmosphere. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major group of air pollutants which play critical role in atmospheric chemistry. It contributes to toxic oxidants which are harmful to ecosystem human health and atmosphere. A sampling program was conducted to determine volatile organic compounds (VOCs) levels in the aura of the Agra (India) during day time and overnight between mid-September and mid-October 2010. Sampling sites were selected at residential area and industrial area in Agra. Samples were analyzed for benzene, toluene, ethylenebenzene and o-xylene. The day-and-night differences and day-to-day variations in the concentrations of four selected species were investigated and the effects of several factors such as metrological parameters, sources and transport characteristics on them, were studied. A back trajectory analysis showed that relatively higher levels of VOCs were related to long-range transport of pollutants from polluted area. The vertical motions of air masses also had a large impact on the variations of the level of VOCs. Keywords : Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ambient air.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 333-337 Dec 2010
Declination in the fertility of lands due to the flood in Bagalkot district Basavaraj M. Kalshetty¹*, R.C. Sheth¹, M.C. Sangannavar1 and M.B. Kalashetti² ¹Department of Chemistry, B.L.D.E.A’s Comm. B.H.S. Arts & T.G.P. Science College, Jamkhandi - 587 302 (India). ²P.G. Department of studies in Chemistry, Karnataka University, Dharwad - 580 003 (India). Received on October 19, 2010 and accepted on November 18, 2010
ABSTRACT Soil plays a very vital role as it produces food for human beings and animals. The organic matter in soil as decomposed by a host of micro organism. Due to human activities, soil is the receptor of many pollutants including pesticides, fertilizers, etc., Hence, soil is an important component of environmental chemical cycle. Keywords : Soil, flood, fertility of lands.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 339-343 Dec 2010
Trace metal analysis of a drinking water resource of Central India Vandana MagarDe, S.A. Iqbal and Subrata Paniยน Lake Conservation Authority of MP, E-5 Arera Colony, Bhopal (India). Received on August 16, 2010 and accepted on September 22, 2010
ABSTRACT An attempt was made to assess the concentration of toxic metals in Bhoj Wetland (Upper lake) a Ramsar Site in India which is a major source of potable water catering the needs of about 1.4 million people of Bhopal. The main toxic metal namely chromium, zinc, cadmium, nickel, lead and manganese were analyzed during the period 2007-2008. Higher concentration of Heavy Metals was found in the month of March and September in most of the cases. Keywords : Trace metals, Drinking water, Central India.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 345-349 Dec 2010
Adsorption removal of pollutants (triphenylmethane and xanthene dyes) from water by charfines and activated carbon K.N. SINGH and SHASHI KANT RAI Department of Chemistry, S.G.R.P.G.College, Dobhi, Jaunpur 222 149 (India). Received on October 14, 2010 and accepted on November 17, 2010
ABSTRACT The adsorption removal of Triphenylmethane & Xanthene dyes onto a low-cost coal based adsorption (Charfines) and its efficiency in dye colour sorption was compared with activated carbon (F-400). Batch studies were performed and the results revealed that Charfines demonstrated on ability to adsorb the reactive Triphenylmethane & Xanthene dyes. The sorption interaction of reactive dye on to Charfines obeys the first order rate equation. The sorption data indicates that the adsorptive removal of the dye from equeous solution is rather comlex involving both boundary layer diffusion and interporticle diffusion. The process of dye sorption while activated carbon resulted in physisorption interaction. Dye sorption is found to be dependent on the aqueous phase pH and the dye uptake is greater at lower pH. Keywords : Pollutants, Activated carbon, Charfines.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 351-354 Dec 2010
Environmental education: Awareness, planning and management Seeme Mahmood Department of Education, Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Kaliasot Dam, Kolar Road, Bhopal- 462016 (India). Received on October 19, 2010 and accepted on November 21, 2010
ABSTRACT Nature is capable of providing man with everything that he needs not only for self-sustenance, but also for making his life fully comfortable. However mans desire for joy and comforts has led him to exploit natures free goods to the extent of reducing its natural capacities for self stabilization. Today we are facing severe environmental crisis which is not limited to any particular country or region; it is global. Survival of all living species including humans has increasingly become very difficult as land water and air has become polluted as never before. The current marker of contemporary world scenario i.e. globalization, industrialization, liberalization and consumerization has eroded the delicate balance between human activity and nature. Time has come to ensure that the concepts of education for sustainability in the broadest sense are discussed and woven into a framework upon which current and future education policies should based. The time is right to engage in a dynamic process to educate children and all citizens about the environmental realities of today’s world. We must reeducate ourselves to treat the environment with greater caution and control and it is this realization that gives environmental education a place of prime importance. Keywords : Environmental Education, awareness and planning.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 355-359 Dec 2010
Study of physico-chemical parameters of drinking water of Bhopal city with reference to health impacts H.C. Kataria et al., Department of Chemistry, Government Geetanjali Girls PG College, Berasia Road, Bhopal - 462 038 (India). Received on August 13, 2010 and accepted on September 21, 2010
ABSTRACT Safe drinking water is the primary need of time most of the people depends upon groundwater sources that have problems of hardness, calcium, Nitrate, Phosphate, fluoride, D.O., B.O.D., COD and heavy metals copper and Zinc and excess of MPN count, Different samples has collected in pre and post monsoon seasons during 2008-09. Different parameters of water has been analyzed and evaluated to the suitability of drinking water for human consumption and public hygiene scenario and health impacts. Some of the parameters are observed within the prescribed limits of 15 : 10500 while others are beyond the limits of WHO and ISI. Keywords : Physico-chemical parameters, drinking water, Bhopal city.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 361-364 Dec 2010
A review of various approaches to optimize the solar air heater Prashant Baredar1, Anil Kumar2, Sandeep Jaiswal3* and Sankar Kumar4 1-2Department of Energy, Faculty of Engineering, MANIT Bhopal - 462 051 (India). 3-4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, LNCT, Kalchuri Nagar, Raisen Road Bhopal - 462 021 (India). Received on November 11, 2010 and accepted on December 10, 2010
ABSTRACT A comparative study of various approaches to optimise and increase the performance of solar air heater is carried out in the present work. Various types of artificial roughness geometries in the absorber plate of solar air heater duct and their characteristics have been investigated for the heat transfer improvement or enhance the performance by many researchers. However, exergy data are more practical and realistic in comparison with the respective energy values that have been found in this communication. Keywords : Solar air heater, various approaches.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 365-368 Dec 2010
Role of natural coagulant and solar energy in treating turbid water Syeda Azeem Unnisa¹*, Chaitanyakumar Desitti² and S. Bhupatthi Rao¹ ¹Regional Centre for Urban and Environmental Studies, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500 007 (India). ²JNT University Hyderabad - 500 085 (India). Received on October 05, 2010 and accepted on December 10, 2010
ABSTRACT Present study deals with use of indigenous or natural treatment methods using plant material and solar radiation as alternatives to conventional treatment method. The coagulation ability of Zeemays (Maize) extract was assessed by the use of standard jar test measurements in water with various turbidities. Investigation of Zeemays as natural coagulant was confirmed by its positive effective coagulation activity. An optimum dose of 200 mg/l, 220 mg/l and 300 mg/l of this coagulant resulted in 75 %, 65% and 70% coagulation activity for clarification of 20 NTU, 40 NTU and 80 NTU water along with inactivation of bacteria in 60 minutes. Further clarified water with natural coagulant was exposed to sunlight which showed 100 % inactivation of both E. coli and Coliforms counts within 2 hr, with no subsequent reactivation of growth after 24 hr. Keywords : Turbidity, natural coagulant, solar disinfection, Zee mays, E. coli, rural population.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 369-371 Dec 2010
Mycological survey of the Bhandedwal temple, Arang, Chhattisgarh Kavita Sharma and Sandhya Lanjewar Arts and Commerce Girls College, Raipur (India). Government College, Tilda (India). Received on October 12, 2010 and accepted on November 15, 2010
ABSTRACT Biodeterioration processes result from complex interactions of surface-invading microbes with each other as well as with the surface material. Fungal ability in production of pigments and organic acids have crucial role in discoloration and degradation of monuments. Air acts as a vehicle for the dispersion of microorganisms. It introduces into air from different sources i.e. soil, water, organic waste of man, plant leaves, sneezes and cough. This investigation focuses on mycological survey of The Bhandedwal Temple of Arang. The 19 fungal floras were isolated. Aspergillus Alternaria, Penicillium,Curvularia,Cladosporium,Fusarium,Mucor,Rhizopus , were dominant. During present study 165 fungal colonies were observed. Keywords : Biodegradation, cultural heritage, fungi.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 373-378 Dec 2010
Performance evaluation of effluent treatment plant of dairy industry Dipali H. Chaiudhari* and R.M. Dhoble G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur (India). Received on September 09, 2010 and accepted on October 28, 2010
ABSTRACT Dairy industry is among the most polluting of the food industries in regard to its large water consumption. Dairy is one of the major industries causing water pollution. Considering the increased milk demand, the dairy industry in India is expected to grow rapidly and have the waste generation and related environmental problems are also assumed increased importance. Poorly treated wastewater with high level of pollutants caused by poor design, operation or treatment systems creates major environmental problems when discharged to the surface land or water. Various operations in a dairy industry may include pasteurization, cream, cheese, milk powder etc. Considering the above stated implications an attempt has been made in the present project to evaluate one of the ETP for dairy waste. Samples are collected from forth points; Raw effluent [P-1], Equalization tank [P-2], Aeration tank [P-3], Oxidation ditch [P-4] to evaluate the performance of ETP. Parameters analyzed for evaluation of performance of ETP are pH, COD, BOD at 27째 C, TSS. The COD, BOD at 27째 C and TSS removal efficiency of ETP were 94 %, 95%, 93% respectively. Keywords : Wastewater characteristics, Biological treatment.
Volume 5 No. 2 Page No. 379-382 Dec 2010
Physico-chemical and bacteriological studies of ground water layers in Bhanpur Bhopal (M.P.) Manisha Sonel1, Meena Mourya2, Sudhanshu Dwivedi3 and D.R. Tiwari4 1Corporate Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal (India). 2Sagar Institute of Research Technology and Science, Bhopal (India)) 3Benazir College, Bhopal (Inida). 4MVM College, Bhopal (India). Received on April 12, 2010 and accepted on June 17, 2010
ABSTRACT Bhopal, the capital city of M.P. is situated amidst the emerald lakes. This paper presents results of physico chemical and bacteriological examination of ground water layers in Bhanpur Bhopal. The study has clearly indicated that the concentration of most of the parameters is below the maximum permissible limits for TDS, alkalinity, Magnesium, chloride, sulphate, and fluoride. The bacteriological contamination at places near Bhanpur which is the dumping site of municipal solid waste was reported and at some places it even exceeded the permissible limits and not suitable for drinking purpose. The sample collection, preservation and pre treatment was according to standard method of collecting samples at international level i.e. BIS procedure. Prior to this a thorough survey conducted to know about probable pollution source and other relevant features. Keywords : Bacteriological, permissible, contamination, concentration.