Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 01-08 June 2010 Thermal stability of copolymers of pbromophenyl acrylamide-methyl methacrylate Fahd A.A. Trikistani and I. Zaafarany Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AlQura University, Makkah Al-Mokkaramah, B.O. Box 7650 (Saudi Arabia). Received on April 06, 2010 and accepted on May 12, 2010
ABSTRACT Copolymers of p-bromophenyl acrylamide with methyl methacrylate were prepared and characterized using microanalysis and IR spectroscopy. The reactivity ratio values of the copolymerization were calculated using 1HNMR technique. Thermal analyses of the copolymers showed that the stability are intermediate between poly(Pbromo phenyl acrylamide) and poly (methyl methacrylate) homopolymers. Keywords : Co-polymers, Thermal stability, micro analysis and IR spectroscopy.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 09-14 June 2010
The determination of 210Pb in the sediments: Sedimentation rates from the Terengganu coastal waters, Malaysia B.Y. Kamaruzzaman¹* and M.C. Ong² ¹Institute of Oceanography and Maritime Studies, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan (Malaysia). ²Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Maritime Studies and Marine Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu (Malaysia). Received on March 10, 2010 and accepted on April 17, 2010
ABSTRACT Detail 210Pb analysis of two core samples collected with a gravity corer from the coastal water of Terengganu South China Sea has provided a chronology of the sediments identifying the subtle yet distinct variations in recent sedimentation. This investigation of recent sedimentation with the use of 210Pb analyses is a part of an overall study to examine and quantify past and present patterns and rates of sedimentation, revealing how deposition environments and their morphological structure transform. To assess the recent to sub-recent depositional processes in the Terengganu coastal water, a detailed sediment analysis was conducted. The activities of natural radionuclide 210Pb along with the 208Po tracer were measured by Alpha Spectrometry to estimate sedimentation rate and mass accumulation rate. The highest accumulation rates were recorded near the Terengganu river estuary, seem to be controlled by several addition factors that modulate the settling particles, such as onshore precipitation and river runoff and the lower rates near the island. Keywords : 210pbm Sedimentation, Alpha Spectrometry.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 15-22 June 2010
To study the effect of leachate treated with scrap tire shreds and gravel on soil and groundwater Gunjan Bhalla¹, Arvind Kumar¹* and Ajay Bansal² ¹Department of Civil Engineering, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar -144 011 Punjab (India). ²Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab (India). Received on October 11, 2009 and accepted on December 19, 2009
ABSTRACT Laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the effect of leachate on soil and groundwater sample. Collected leachate sample was passed through Test Cell-1 consisting of scrap-tireshreds (200 mm) and gravel layer (300 mm) with total thickness 500 mm of leachate collection layer. The treatment method which adopted consisted of a combined bed of a scraptire-shreds and gravel, that was quite effective in the reduction of various physico-chemical parameters of leachate of environmental concern. The percentage improvement in terms of reduction in various parameters of leachate sample was as high as 68.8 % and 79.6 % reduction in case of BOD and COD values respectively. Thus scrap-tire-shreds can be used as a potential alternative to conventional gravel in the leachate collection layer and for the treatment of leachate and would definitely reduce the magnitude of the current tire disposal problem by converting one waste into a beneficial material. Further, both leachate sample and treated leachate sample were passed through Test Cell-2 having beds of soil of thickness about 150 mm and then further passing diluted leachate and treated diluted leachate (50 % and 20 % by volume of water) through Test Cell-3 having groundwater sample. By comparing various physico-chemical parameters it was inferred that the leachate generated from the landfill site was affecting the soil and groundwater quality of the adjacent areas through percolation in the subsoil. Keywords : Groundwater, gravel, scrap-tire-shreds, leachate collection layer.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 23-29 June 2010
Used lubricating oils recycling using solvent extraction Vineet Katiyar and Sattar Husain Department of Chemical Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, A.M.U., Aligarh - 202 002 (India). Received on April 20, 2010 and accepted on May 15, 2010
ABSTRACT Huge amounts of used lubricating oils from automotive sources are disposed of as a harmful waste into the environment. For this reason, means to recover and reuse these wastes need to be found. Valuable lubricant could be recovered from disposed oil. More importantly, oil may be the most important factor to influence the shape of society in the 21st century. This paper discusses the regeneration of used lubricating oils. Keywords : Used lubricating oils, Recycling, Solvent treatment.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 31-38 June 2010
Biodegradation of formaldehyde under saline conditions by a moderately halophilic bacterial consortium KRISHNASWAMY VEENAGAYATHRI* and NAMASIVAYAM VASUDEVAN Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University-Chennai, Chennai - 600 025 (India). Received on April 25, 2010 and accepted on May 20, 2010
ABSTRACT A bacterial consortium isolated from saline environment was used for in the degradation of formaldehyde under saline conditions. Formaldehyde degradation was studied with the bacterial consortium at various NaCl concentrations from 3 % to 7%. The consortium utilized formaldehyde (100-400mg/L), and degraded within 96 h. The degradation of formaldehyde was optimum at 5 % NaCl (w/v). The removal efficiency of formaldehyde could be enhanced by the addition of growth promoting substances namely yeast extract, tryptone and urea, of which yeast extract proved to be efficient. The presence of different salts (i.e. KCl, Na2SO4, K2SO4 and NaNO3) did not affect the microbial growth and biodegradation of formaldehyde. The consortium could degrade formaldehyde along with phenol as the co-substrate. Keywords : Formaldehyde, Biodegradation, Moderate halophile, Bacterial consortium, Saline wastewater.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 39-49 June 2010
Impact of climate change on agriculture: An Indian perspective R.K. Prajapati¹, S.K. Tripathi² and R.M. Mishra¹ ¹School of Environmental Biology, Awadhesh Pratap Singh University Rewa - 486 003 (India). ²Departments of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot - 485 331 (India). Received on January 29, 2010 and accepted on March 09, 2010
ABSTRACT India is the seventh largest country of the world. In India temperature will increase 3oC to 6oC and rainfall will increase 15-30% in 21 Centaury. While the global surface temperature is projected to increase by 1-4oC from 2100 for low emission scenario and 2.5-5.8oC for higher emission scenario in the atmosphere. This Paper has been prepared with the objects of provide key information on the impacts of climate on Indian agriculture. The greenhouses gas emissions increases day by day in the atmosphere from the many sources such as industrial sources crop production and fossil fuel combustion. These are the major sources for the climate change. The global increases in carbon dioxide concentration are due primarily to fossil fuel use and land use change, while those of methane and nitrous oxide are primarily due to agriculture. Currently Available general circulation models (GCMs) suggest that the area-averaged annual mean warming would be about 3°C in the decade of the 2050s and about 5°C in the decade of the 2080s over the land regions of Asia as a result of future increases in atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases. In Rajasthan, a 2°C rise in temperature was estimated to reduce production of pearl millet by 10-15 per cent (Y S Ramakrishna et al.,). The state of Madhya Pradesh, where soybean is grown on 77 per cent of all agricultural land, could dubiously benefit from an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Keywords : Circulation models, carbon sequestration, mineralization, Copenhagen Accord, Greenhouse gases.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 51-58 June 2010
Phytosociological study of vegetation of some selected arid region of the Thar desert of Rajasthan, India K.K. Sharma* and A.K. Pandey Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, M.D.S. University, Ajmer - 305 009 (India). Received on January 01, 2010 and accepted on February 07, 2010
ABSTRACT The present paper deals with phytosociological study in the sandy plains of the Thar Desert of Rajasthan. Panchpadra, Balotra and Nakoda of Barmer district of Rajasthan represent some unique semi-arid and arid vegetation characteristic. Barmer lies in the southern part of North-west Rajasthan. Barmer district is situated at 710 35’ 49.59" E longitude and 260 13’ 51.48" N latitude. The entire region of Barmer district is hot and sandy. Generally the vegetation in this arid region is sparse. Mainly xerophytic adapted plants are able to establish themselves in this region. The IVI value of tree species varied from 10.30 to 24.32. Variations are observed in vegetation characteristics in the three sites studied. Contagious and random distribution is recorded at all the sites but regular distribution is found only in Balotra area. The study may be used for restoration of natural vegetation in such a desert ecosystem. Keywords : Contagious and Random distribution, IVI values, Phytosociological study, Semi arid, vegetation
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 59-66 June 2010
Tribal life in the environment and biodiversity of Tripura, India Biplab De*, Trijash Debbarma¹, Saikat Sen² and Raja Chakraborty² *Regional Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPSAT), Abhoynagar, Agartala, Tripura - 799 005 (India). ¹Singhania University, Pacheri Bari, Rajasthan, (India). 2CES College of Pharmacy, Kurnool - 518 218 (India). Received on March 25, 2010 and accepted on April 28, 2010
ABSTRACT Tripura is a landlocked small hilly state of north-eastern India and part of richest reservoir of biodiversity. Aggressive civilization, rapid growth of industrialization and pollution results loss of different species from the earth causes danger to biodiversity. Different tribes of Tripura still lives on and near forest and depend on local flora and fauna for the food, shelter, medication and ritual ceremonies. Environmental hazards and destruction of forest resulted permanent loss of different flora and fauna for the earth. This also causes great changes in the lives of tribal people of the state. Now this is appropriate time of demand to ensure the biodiversity and conserve it to protect the traditional life of tribal people and the world environment. Keywords : Biodiversity, Environment, Conservation, Tribal people, Tripura.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 67-71 June 2010
A correlation study on physico- chemical characteristics of ground water in ThaneBelapur Industrial area, Mumbai A.D. Chapolikar¹ and M.B. Ubale² ¹Government College of Arts and Science, Aurangabad (India). ²PG. Centre in Chemistry, Vasantrao Naik Mahavidyalaya, Aurangabad - 431 003 (India). Received on June 01, 2009 and accepted on July 05, 2009
ABSTRACT The Physico-chemical characteristics of Ground water in ThaneBelapur Industrial Area has been studied to examine its suitability for drinking purpose.the suitability of ground water has been evaluated with reference to Indian standards. A correlation analysis has been carried out among the various parameters. The analysis is very useful in the rapid study of ground water quality. The study revealed that many of Ground water samples in this area were non-potable. Keywords : Physico-chemical parameters, Thane Belapur Industrial area, Mumbai.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 73-77 June 2010
Physico-chemical and inorganic contaminants examination in food grains for high yield and yield stability Ishrat Alim1, 4, Mohammad Rafi2 and Azra Aijaz3 1Quality Assurance Laboratory, M.P. Council of Science and Technology, Vigyan Bhavan, Science Hills, Nehru Nagar, Bhopal (India). 2ICFAI Institute of Science and Technology, Medchal, Hyderabad (India). 3M.H. College of Home Science and Science for Women, Jabalpur (India). Received on April 12, 2010; and accepted on June 17, 2010
ABSTRACT Food grain quality components like visual quality, nutritional quality, including digestibility and big-availability of nutrients, anti-nutritional factors, milling characteristics, cooking quality, consumer acceptability, and storage stability deserves an important place in evaluation of new varieties as high yield and yield stability. Grain produced in a farmer’s field passes through several transformations before it is consumed in the form of food. As it ensure that these transformations which are accomplished efficiently and with minimum nutrient loss, better interactions between different disciplines are needed, and an understanding of various aspects of food grain quality becomes vital. The present study reveals the characteristics of some components of grain quality in sorghum and oat. The findings observed during the study period suggested the regular check up the quality of the farmer’s inputs and food grains. The quality assessment should be done regularly and it may also concluded from the study that the crop and food grains variety had the great influence on the Physico chemical, and nutritional characteristics of different food varieties for high yield and yield stability. The present investigations is mainly concerned with the Physico-chemical profiling of grains with special reference to the nutritional potential of the food grains and free from the microbial contamination which confirms grain stability against the moisture content percent in the selected species. Keywords : Food grains, quality components.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 79-84 June 2010
Reclamation of used lubricating oils Vineet Katiyar and Sattar Husain Department of Chemical Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, A.M.U., Aligarh- 202 002 (India). Received on April 25, 2010 and accepted on May 18, 2010
ABSTRACT Lubricating oils are widely used to reduce friction and wear by interposing a film of material between rubbing surfaces. However, the used lubricant oil does not evaporate and less subject to biodegradation. It requires proper treatment before it can be discharged to the environment. Recently, there is an increase tendency of using used lubricating oil as re-refining feedstock on a worldwide basis. Re-refining of used lubricating oil is an intelligent option for any country, more so for India, as it would conserve both the natural resources as well as foreign exchange. It would also make us near self-reliant in lube oils. Keywords : Used lubricating oils, refining, lube oil.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 85-89 June 2010
Microbial degradation of waste oil sludge found near the automobile service station R. MAHALAKSHMI¹, C. ANCHANA DEVI² and K. LAKSHMI PRABHA³ ¹Department of Microbiology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Arts and Science for Women, Perambalur (India). ²Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli (India). ³Department of Chemistry, Cauvery College for Women, Tiruchirappalli (India). Received on November 04, 2010 and accepted on December 20, 2010
ABSTRACT Biodegradation is a process in which microorganisms are committed to transform toxic chemicals into less toxic or harmless. Three bacterial strains, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Micrococcus sp., and Clostridium sp. were isolated from contaminated soil found near the automobile service station and tested for their ability to degrade the waste oil sludge found near automobile service station. The results collectively indicating that these bacterial strains have considerable potential for bioremediation of waste oil sludge. The present study also demonstrates that, among the three organisms, E. coli showed the best oil degrader, when compared to other two bacterial species. Keywords : Oil pollution, Sludge, Biodegradation, Bacterial strains.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 91-97 June 2010
Application of groundwater model in coastal aquifer: A case study of Veraval area of Gujarat S. Shoba, P. S. Niranjan and Marutheesha Reddy šFaculty of Civil Engineering, MVJ College of Engineering, Bangalore (India). Received on May 12, 2010 and accepted on June 24, 2010
ABSTRACT The development and management of fresh ground water resources in coastal aquifers are seriously constrained by the presence of seawater intrusion. Seawater intrusion is a process that occurs in virtually all coastal aquifers, where they are in hydraulic continuity with seawater. This process is caused by the higher density of sea water than freshwater. Over the years, many models have been developed to represent and study the problems related to seawater intrusion. Numerical models provide effective tool to handle ground water problems. This paper presents simulation of seawater intrusion in a section of the Veraval coast of Gujarat through Saturated and Unsaturated Transport model and examines the impact of increased pumping scenarios on extent of seawater intrusion. The density driven salt-water intrusion process was simulated with the use of commercially available finite element based software, SUTRA (Saturated–Unsaturated TRAnsport). Initial and boundary conditions determined from the aerial calibration were used to evaluate steady-state, hydraulic heads. Pumping and inflow of coastal area was estimated for three different time periods using the model. Keywords : Sea water intrusion; SUTRA model; Saurashtra Coast, Numerical modeling; Recharge; Pumping.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 99-100 June 2010
Effect of pesticide degradation on the growth of cotton variety RCH2 arika Kanade, A.B. Ade* and V.C. Khilare Department of Botany, Vasantrao Naik Mahavidyalaya, CIDCO, Aurangabad - 431 003 (India). *Department of Botany, University of Pune, Pune - 411 007 (India). Received on October 10, 2009 and accepted on November 22, 2009
ABSTRACT The pesticides are known for the control of pests as well as on the other hand these are hazards for human, animal, plants and microbial life. To degrade the pesticides, biodegradation is an efficient method. The Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) which are associated with the rhizosphere of the plant are found to be beneficial for the pesticide degradation in the soil. In the present investigation, these bacteria were used for the pesticide degradation. The effect of pesticide degradation on by PGPR on the growth of cotton variety RCH2 was studied. With the application of PGPR along with pesticide, Malathion the growth of cotton variety was found improved in some cases while as compare to control this growth was slightly less. Keywords : Pesticide, degradation, PGPR, Malathion, cotton, growth.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 101-106 June 2010
Design and life cycle cost analysis of a SAPV system to electrify a rural area household in India Mohd. Arif* and M. Emran Khan *Mechanical Engineering, University Polytechnic, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110 025 (India). Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi - 110 025 (India). Received on January 05, 2010 and accepted on March 12, 2010
ABSTRACT This paper presents a study on a stand-alone photovoltaic (SAPV) system to provide the required electricity for a single residential household in India. The complete design of the suggested system is carried out, such that the site radiation data and the electrical load data of a typical household in the considered site are taken into account during the design steps. Also, the life cycle cost (LCC) analysis is conducted to assess the economic viability of the system. The results of the study encouraged the use of the PV systems to electrify the rural sites of India. Keywords : Rural area electrification, PV array, storage battery, battery charge controller, inverter.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 107-109 June 2010
Esterification of phthalic anhydride with nButanol using eco-friendly solid acid catalystsulfamic acid M.S. Patil1, V.D. Gurudasani2 and G.A. Usmani3 1,2Department of Chemical Engineering, Anuradha Engineering College, Chikhli, Buldana - 443201(India). 3University Department of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University Jalgaon, (India). Received on February 18, 2010 and accepted on April 10, 2010
ABSTRACT Present study involves investigation of Sulfamic acid as a catalyst for esterification of Phthalic anhydride with n- Butanol. Effect of different operating parameters such as molar ratio of reactants, catalyst quantity and operating temperature has been studied with an aim of optimization. The optimum parameters for this process have been found to be 1:.2 molar ratio of Phthalic anhydride to n-butanol, catalyst concentration of 6%(by weight) of reaction mixture and 130-180 degrees C reaction temperature. Maximum conversion levels of about 89% have been obtained in 1.5h of reaction time under these optimized conditions. Keywords : Esterification, phthalic anhydride, Catalysts.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 111-116 June 2010
Bioaccumulation of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in Rohu, Labeo rohita (Ham.) fry ANUSAYA MALLICK*, B.C. MOHAPATRA and N. SARANGI Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) Bhubaneswar- 751 002 (India). Received on March 25, 2009 and accepted on May 07, 2009
ABSTRACT The bioaccumulation of alkali and alkaline earth metals such as Na, K, Ca and Mg were studied in the fry of rohu, Labeo rohita (Ham.), a species of freshwater aquaculture importance in India. The experiments were conducted in laboratory conditions exposing the rohu eggs up to fry stage in one experiment; and fry to advanced fry stage in other experiment, to different concentrations of the salts. Sodium chloride (0.15, 1.5, 15, and 150 mg/l), potassium chloride (0.015, 0.15, and 1.5 mg/l), magnesium chloride (0.15, 1.5, 15, and 150 mg/l), and calcium chloride (0.15, 1.5, 15, and 150 mg/l) were used as test salts. The tests were conducted in 20-litre capacity glass aquaria stocked with 800 eggs up to fry stage; and in the second experiment with 60 numbers of fry up to advanced fry stage. Control animals were reared in the laboratory without addition of salts. The experiments were conducted in triplicate and each one continued for one-month duration. Normal rearing practices were followed and 50 per cent test solutions from each aquarium were replaced with fresh ones in every week. The bioaccumulations in wet weight basis in whole tissue of fry reared from eggs and in advanced fry exposed to respective salts at the end of the experiment were 100-572 and 91-147 ppm for sodium; 71-104 and 13-22 ppm for potassium; 16-32 and 24-48 ppm for calcium; and 210-660 and 150-300 ppm for magnesium respectively. In control the bioaccumulations for fry reared from eggs, and in advanced fry were 150-212 and 371412 ppm for sodium; 85-99 and 80-85 ppm for potassium; 1822 and 5.5-7.8 ppm for calcium; and 250-260 and 15 ppm for magnesium respectively. No definite relationship could be established between the alkali and alkaline earth metals concentration in aquatic environment and bioaccumulation in fish tissue, except sodium and calcium in fry stage. Keywords : Labeo rohita, aquaculture, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and bioaccumulation
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 117-122 June 2010
A latest study for toxicity of fluoride in Karera and Narwar blocks of Shivpuri district (M.P.) Meena Mourya1, Manisha Sonel2, Bhavana Ayachit3 and Sudhanshu Dwivedi4 1Institute of Research Technology and Science, Bhopal (India). 2Corporate Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal (India). 3Sagar Institute of Research Technology and Science, Bhopal (India). 4Benazir College, Bhopal (India). Received on April 12, 2010 and accepted on June 17, 2010
ABSTRACT If the fluoride (F -) concentration in the drinking water is over and above the permissible limits (1.5mg/l) then it leads to severe human health hazards like skeletal and dental fluorosis, affecting millions of people in the world. Many states of India have high concentration of fluoride in their water resources; Madhya Pradesh is one of them. In order to investigate the concentration of fluoride in potable water of Shivpuri district (M.P.), drinking water samples from 7 villages of Karera and Narwar block, (Shivpuri district, M.P.), were analyzed. The results revealed that the fluoride concentration was found to be 1.21 to 4.89 ppm, which is more than the permissible limit (1.5mg/l).It was found that 75% to 80%of the samples studied have more concentration than the permissible limit. The worst fluoride affected villages were Hatheda, Phulpur, Bichi, Baroda, Doni and Dahertasani. Most of the people in these villages suffer from dental and skeletal fluorosis.The source of fluoride in ground water of the study area is mainly from geological occurrence. The litho logical units of the study area consist of Achaean granite, genesis complex rocks, shale and Limestone. It is unfortunate that the people living in these villages are consuming the water easily accessible to them without knowing the ill effects of such consumption. Government is also playing an active role by installing defluoridation plants based on Nalgonda technique and carrying defluoridated water through pipelines from other unaffected villages. But all these efforts are seem to be unsatisfactory if the people of villages are not involved seriously .An urgent need is to educate the people on the causes of fluorosis and encouraging rain water harvesting. Keywords : Dental and skeletal fluorosis, fluoride, gneissic rock, rain water harvesting.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 123-125 June 2010
Isolation of soil Mycoflora of Gangtok, India Kavita Sharma, Rita SHABNAM LUKA and Sandhya Lanjewar Arts and Commerce Girls College, Raipur (India). Received on February 06, 2010 and accepted on March 23, 2010
ABSTRACT Isolation of soil mycoflora from Gangtok was observed by serial dilution method, In investigation period 146 colonies of 22 fungal species were observed the maximum percentage contribution of Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger (12.32%) ,was followed by A. flavus , A. luchensis, Mucor sp. (6.84%) and minimum percentage contribution of Cladosporium sphaerospermum (0.68%). The maximum fungal species belongs to the Ascomycotina 92 colonies, followed by Deuteromycotina 29 colonies, Zygomycotina 18 colonies and mycelia sterilia (white) 7 colonies were observed. Keywords : Gangtok, Aspergillus fumigatus, soil mycoflora.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 127-129 June 2010
Physicochemical studies of ground water at different areas in Jalgaon city (M.S.) India M.S. Mustaqeem1 and G.A. Usmani2 1Department of Chemistry, Iqra’s H. J. Thim College, Jalgaon 425 001 (India). 2University Department of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon - 425 001(India). Received on March 02, 2010 and accepted on April 23, 2010
ABSTRACT Present work deals with the study of physicochemical parameters of ground water samples in Jalgaon city at different sampling stations during 2008 – 2009 in pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon seasons. The observed values of various physicochemical parameters of water samples were compared with standard values recommended by W.H.O. It was found that the concentration of total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, pH, zinc, total hardness and total dissolved solids are within permissible limits of W.H.O. But the concentration of cadmium and chromium in the present water samples exceeds the maximum permissible limit of W.H.O. However, the sample collected at station no.2, bore well water of Salar Nagar, shows the value of Hardness and TDS more than maximum permissible limits of W.H.O. Therefore this water can be used for household purpose, but is harmful for drinking. Keywords : Ground water, physicochemical parameter, total dissolved solids, heavy metals.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 131-136 June 2010
Eudrilus eugeniae as a putative candidate for textile industry effluent polluted soil bioremediation A. Veeramani¹, S.S. Kumar², M.S. Mohamed Jaabir²*, C. Sivagandhi², R. Marimuthu² and R. Ravikumar³ ¹Department of Botany, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal - 637 002 (India). ²Department of Biotechnology, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli - 620 020 (India). ³Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli - 620 020 (India). Received on April 12, 2010 and accepted on June 17, 2010
ABSTRACT Efforts were taken to understand the impact of textile effluent on the population of earthworms mimicking the condition prevalent in Textile belt of Tamil Nadu where effluents are drained into the cultivable land through the water stream. Categories of earthworms were maintained and drained with calculated amounts of raw, chemically and biologically treated effluents for a period of 8 weeks in which fecundity and growth were recorded. There was significantly high fecundity in the soil treated with raw effluent than that of control and the treated effluents suggesting us to use of these worms for bioremediation of textile effluent polluted soil. Keywords : Eudrilus eugeniae, Textile effluent pollution, Bioremediation.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 137-141 June 2010
Identification and classification of some freshwater invertebrates in Anasagar lake of Ajmer Praveen Mathur, Sangeeta Patan*, Kriti Sharma and Yati Kachhawa Department Environmental Studies, M.D.S University, Ajmer 305 001 (India). Received on March 09, 2010 and accepted on April 15, 2010
ABSTRACT “Limnology� a new interdisciplinary science with multifarious dimensions has emerged which deals with the study of structural and functional attributes of the lentic fresh water environment and problems associated with them. Limnology has immense and universal significance for the citizen of today, all around the world. Streams, rivers, wetlands and lakes are home for many small animals called macro invertebrates. The term macro invertebrates describe those animals that have no back bone and can be seen with naked eyes. This study includes analysis of identification of invertebrates in Anasagar Lake in Ajmer (Raj.).The methodology employed involves collection and identification of invertebrates with the help of various equipments and tools. The result has been presented in form of a key of freshwater invertebrates of Anasagar Lake of Ajmer. Keywords : Limnology, lentic freshwater, invertebrates, back bone,Anasagar Lake.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 143-146 June 2010
Industrial hazardous waste management studies of nitrogenous chemical fertilizer factory in Vijapur, District Guna (M.P.) India R.P. Prajapati¹*, Anand Sharma² and D.R. Tiwari³ ¹Department of Chemistry (DESM) Regional Institute of Education Bhopal - 462 013 (India). ²Department of Chemistry, 3Department of Geology, MVM, Bhopal - 462 001 (India). Received on October 20, 2009 and accepted on November 30, 2009
ABSTRACT Nitrogenous fertilizer industry generates high concentration of ammonia, urea, air emission (SOx, NOx, and COx SPM), ETP, sludge and spent catalysts wastes. These industrial hazardous waste of the NFL in Vijaipur are considered highly toxic in therefore disposal of such wastes needs proper attention so as to reduce possible environmental hazards. Industrial growth has resulted in generation of huge volume of hazardous wastes in the country. Hazardous waste management (HWM) is a very important issues and is assuming significance globally. Scientific disposal of hazardous wastes has become a major environmental issue in India. Hazardous waste (management & handling) rules, 1989 have been framed by Central Government and amended in 2000 and 2003 to deal with he hazardous waste related environmental problem that may rise in the near future. This paper gives details about the waste characteristics and management of NFL HW. Keywords : Industrial wastes, secured landfill, spent catalysts, fertilizer, hazardous waste, treatment
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 147-154 June 2010
Energy analysis and carbon credit earned by solar cooker Mohd. Arif*, M. Emran Khan¹ and A. Chandra² *Mechanical Engineering University Polytechnic, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi -110 025 (India). ¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi - 110 025 (India). ²Center for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Haus Khas,New Delhi - 110 016 (India). Received on April 27, 2010 and accepted on May 21, 2010
ABSTRACT This chapter presents the study that been carried out to evaluate sensible heating of different load for box type solar cooker. The carbon dioxide mitigation, conventional fuel saved and carbon credit earned as per Kyoto protocol also have been estimated. The pay back period are also estimated for different conventional fuels. If this type of project is installed only in 20% of the Indian rural areas then the carbon credit earned by the system is USD 415 million (Indian Rs. 199 crores) annually. Keywords : Carbon credit, box type solar cooker, payback period, solar radiation.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 155-158 June 2010
Studies on the compatibility of Trichoderma viride with certain Agro-chemicals Kranthi Gampala* and Rajasekhar Pinnamaneni *Department of Biotechnology, Jagarlamudi Kuppuswamy Choudary College, Guntur - 6 (India). Centre for Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur (India). Received on January 29, 2010 and accepted on March 10, 2010
ABSTRACT Trichoderma viride is a biocontrol agent which shows antagonistic activity toward a broad spectrum of phytopathogens. Trichoderma viride was more compatible with fertilizers and pesticides, and can be safely used with chemical fertilizers that give major nutrients for any crop. The latest insecticide, Lambda cyhalothrin (second-generation synthetic pyrethroid), was more compatibile than conventional pesticides. If the fungus is mixed with these chemicals, the resultant efficacy may not be severe. However, fungicides did not show compatibility. It would not be advisable to mix the fungus with inorganic fungicides as the latter may nullify the effect of the microbial agent. Keywords : Trichoderma viride, agro-chemicals, compatibility.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 159-163 June 2010
Physiological ill effect of environmental pollution due to industrial developments B.M. KALSHETTY¹*, R.C. SHETH¹, M.C. SANGANNAVAR¹ and M.B. KALASHETTI² ¹Department of Chemistry, Comm. B.H.S Arts & T.G.P. Science College, Jamkhandi - 587 301 (India). ²P.G. Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad - 580 003 (India). Received on April 04, 2010 and accepted on May 30, 2010
ABSTRACT Modern life has given rise to new form of pollution, called noise pollution. No doubt noise is a normal phenomenon of life and is deemed to be one of the most effective alarm systems in man’s physical environment. It is potentially a serious signal and grave to the environmental health. The modern civilization creates more and more noise, because of the development of industry, machinery and technology. It has been reported that noise inside the factories can become a health hazard causing deafness. The sound intensity is measured in decibel (dBA). Which is 10th part of the longest unit Bel, one dBA is equal to the faintest sound, a human ear can hear. Decibel (dBA) is ratio expressed as the logarithmic scale relative to a reference sound pressure level. The major problem around the town where facing is the quarry blasting a lot of noise affecting on the style of man kind. Keywords : Environmental pollution, Industrial development, Physiological ill effect.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 165-168 June 2010
Public participation in environmental decision making, With special reference to project in Rajasthan Praveen Mathur, Kriti Sharma*, Yati Kachhawa and Sangeeta Patan Department of Environmental Studies, M.D S University, Ajmer (India). Received on May 05, 2010 and accepted on June 27, 2010
ABSTRACT Development is a continuous process and is essential to enable the population to attain a better standard of life. But it should not be at the cost of the environment. The challenge of a development pattern striving to harmonize economics with social and environmental needs requires active citizen participation in public issues. Public participation in decisions about development is fundamental to achieving lasting and possible solutions. Using case study from Rajasthan, this paper identifies the procedure followed for public hearing, its deficiencies and outcomes. The research argues that it is the right of citizen on the part of people to participate and the utmost duty of the authority (project proponent) to help conduct a successful public hearing in accordance with laws and in benefit of the society. Keywords : Development, Environmental Impact Assessment, Public Participation, EIA Notification
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 169-172 June 2010
A preliminary study of some physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of a typical urban soil Malika Pal, Archana Lalwani and Raksha Chauhan Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Sadhu Vaswani College, Bairagarh, Bhopal - 462 030 (India). Received on December 22, 2009 and accepted on January 28, 2010
ABSTRACT Surface soil are the weathered end products of various soil forming factors, which involve action of climate and living organisms on a specific soil parent material. Urban soils pollution and its effect or the characterization of an urban soil is yet to receive its due attention. The diffuse contamination has been revealed to be an important source for modification of the soil of the area.Contaminants reaching the soil disturbs its structure and modify its physico- chemical properties. They also affect the biological properties of the soil by modifying the microbial community and probably making a new or modified habitat. Keywords : Physico chemical & microbiological parameters, urban soil.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 173-176 June 2010
Idol immersion and physico-chemical properties of South Gujarat rivers G.M. Malik*, V.H. Raval, S.K. Zadafiya and A.V. Patel Navyug Science College, Surat - Gujarat (India). Received on January 12, 2010 and accepted on February 22, 2010
ABSTRACT Ganesh chaturthi is one of the main festivals celebrated in India, it is the most celebrated in western India. After predetermined time idol is immersed in water bodies every year. As the extent of idol immersion increases with increasing population with limited water bodies hence water pollution increases, which is alarming situation. In present study total five sampling stations were identified during current year (2009) with respect to idol immersion sites from different cities of South Gujarat i.e. Surat, Navsari, Valsad, Autl-Pardi and Vapi. All the samples collected by means of composite sampling to know the physico-chemical quality of all river water. The analysis was carried out for pH, temperature, color, DO, COD, chloride, hardness, SS, TDS, conductivity, and phosphate parameters. The results obtained reveals that almost all river water becomes acidic after idol immersion except Par river. Parameters like hardness, chloride, color, SS, TDS increases after idol immersion in all rivers except Par river for TDS. DO is decreasing drastically after the next day of idol immersion at all the rivers which is indication of pollution. The trend of increasing such parameters indicates that idol immersion affect the water quality to the extent with respect to self purification of water and flow of stream of the river. Keywords : Ganesh chaturthi, pollution, idol immersion, COD, physico-chemical parameters.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 177-180 June 2010
Water quality assessment of resources of Bijapur, Karnataka S.C. Hiremath*, M.S.Yadawe, U.S. Pujeri, D.M. Hiremat and A.S. Pujar S.B. Arts and K.C.P. Science College, Bijapur (India). Received on April 12, 2010 and accepted on June 17, 2010
ABSTRACT The evaluation of physico chemical parameters of ground water of Bijapur city was carried out seasonally to study the quality of water and suitability for domestic purpose. Talabs (Lakes), Bowdis (Wells) (constructed by Adil Shahi Sultans in 16th &17th century ) and bore wells are water resources of the city. Ten samples were collected from different sources at different locations during summer, rainy season and winter season of 2009. The parameters studied were pH, EC, TDS, Turbidity, Fluoride, Sulphate, Chloride, Nitrate and Total hardness. The present investigation revealed that the quality of water varies from season to season. Some of the samples are unfit for drinking and utility purpose and requires the proper treatment before use. Keywords : Bijapur, Ground water quality, Talabs, Adil shahi, Sultans, seasonal variations
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 181-187 June 2010
Unconventional energy, source green jobs : Global perspective and Indian scenario Dinesh Agarwal¹, Vibha Agarwal² and Deepak paliwal³ ¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUIT, BU, Bhopal (India). ²Department of Chemistry GGITM, Bhopal (India). ³Mechanical S.V. Polytechnic Bhopal (India). Received on March 26, 2010 and accepted on April 28, 2010
ABSTRACT Unconventional energy system are generally characterized by high initial cost & low maintenance cost as compared with relatively low initial cost & high operating cost of conventional system. The comparison of this system is based on monetary outlet of the users ignoring the non – economic factors like social, environmental status value novelty value, freedom from utility grid etc. investing in unconventional energy will reduce long term costs & everlasting source of energy. However looking at its immense potential, if political stimulated it will increase the share of unconventional manifolds in the years to come. The paper highlights the benefits of the solar energy and the policies of the Indian Govt. endorsing the growth and development of renewable energy resources. Keywords : Solar energy, Indian economy social benefits wind energy solar power, small hydro human resources
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 189-192 June 2010
Use of p53 protein or its homologues isolated from freshwater bivalves as a pollution marker Madhav V. Upadhye, Sonal M. Manohar and Ujwala Jadhav Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Santacruz (E), Mumbai - 400 098 (India). Received on February 12, 2010 and accepted on March 19, 2010
ABSTRACT p53 is a tumor suppressor gene that is fundamental in cell cycle control and apoptosis. Bivalve Parreysia corrugata is an important component of freshwater ecosystem of Indian subcontinent. In the present study an attempt was made to check whether p53 protein and its homologues that are extracted and isolated from filter feeder mussels; can be used as pollution markers. Keywords : Parreysia corrugata, p53, Western blotting, water pollution.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 193-196 June 2010
Assessment of roadside ambient air pollution SHYAMLI SINGH* and SAURAV CHAKRABORTY Bhagwan Parshuram Institute of Technology, Sector-17, Rohini, Delhi - 110 089 (India). Received on March 03, 2010 and accepted on April 09, 2010
ABSTRACT Air pollution is one of the major consequences of environmental problems. Transport sector contributes nearly 70% of air pollution, thus proving to be the major culprit .The paper brings out the emission of particulate matter Particulates alternatively referred to as particulate matter (PM) or fine particles, are tiny particles of solid or liquid suspended in a gas. PM is a major component of air pollution that threatens both our health and environment. The study also brings out the relation between various meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction Keywords : Ambient, Particulate Matter Meteorological parameters, Wind speed and Wind direction.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 197-200 June 2010
Premonsoon assessment of heavy metals in surface aquatic system of Korba District, C.G Ramesh JanjalA, Ashish Mishra and M.M. Vaishnav Chemistry Department, C.M.D. Post Graduate College, Bilaspur (India). Received on December 10, 2009 and accepted on January 25, 2010
ABSTRACT Water is essential component of earth planet. The chief sources of water in the earth is surface and ground waster. Owing to anthropogenic activities natural waster sources are continue polluted. In this context, we have undertaken to the detection of concentration and presence of some selected heavy metals such as Hg, Zn, Al and Fe in different surface water, especially preferred open ponds in premonsoon season (March 2009 to April 2009). The measurement was done by ICPA method. The results are expressed in mg/L and values are compared with the standard value IS: 10500:1993, We have selected nine water sampling station in study are named from KDS-1 tO KDS – 9. The max concentration of Hg, Al and Fe were reported as 0.007, 11.89 and 29.27 mg/L at KDS – 9, KDS – 3 respectively in March – 2009 and May 2009. These values were exceed the permissible limit. Zn was detected below the permissible requirement at all water samples. Keywords : Premonsoon, Heavy Metal, ICPA Method.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 201-203 June 2010
Physico-chemical analysis of sewage discharged into Varuna river at Varanasi Shikha Singh and K.N. Singh Department of Chemistry, S.G.R.P.G. College Dobhi, Jaunpur 222 149 (India). Received on January 06, 2010 and accepted on April 14, 2010
ABSTRACT The present work deals with the analysis of physicochemical characteristics of municipal waste water of city Varanasi. Most of such water of city flow directly by means of a system of independent drains in river Varuna. Four major nalas in different areas were selected for analysis of waste water quality of city Varanasi during 2008-2009. The result revealed that physico-chemical parameters of city sewage discharged showed quite high values of pH, temperature, alkanity, BOD, COD, Chloride, nitrate , phosphate, potassium, calcium. and low level of dissolved oxygen which make the degradation of water quality of river Varuna. Keywords : Varura, Physico-chemical, Sewage discharge.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 205-208 June 2010
Study of physico-chemical parameters of Dham river in consequence with aquatic life N.P. MOHABANSI, P.V. TEKADE, V.B. PATIL and S.V. Bawankar Department of Chemistry, Jankidevi Bajaj College of Science, Jamnalal Bajaj Marg, Civil Lines, Wardha - 442 001 (India). Received on February 10, 2010 and accepted on March 14, 2010
ABSTRACT A study of Dham river water of district Wardha (M.S.) has been carried out to examine its suitability for aquatic life as well as domestic purposes. The samples from three stations viz., Pavnar Ashram (S1) , Ghorad (S2) & Morchapur (S3) were collected. The data was analysed with reference to ISI & WHO standards. It is found that the water is safe for domestic purposes & aquatic life from the point of view of levels of pH, density, surface tension, viscosity, conductance, TDS, alkalinity, DO & chloride concentration. However, the water quality parameters such as total hardness & Ca++ hardness at some stations were beyond the permissible limit. So it is suggested to remove total hardness & Ca++ hardness to make it fit for consumption. Keywords : Dham river, Aquatic life, Physico-chemical parameters.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 209-211 June 2010
Microbiological analysis of tissues of Parreysia corrugata Madhav V. Upadhye, Rajesh C. PaTIL* and Ujwala Jadhav Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Santacruz (E), Mumbai - 400 098 (India). *Department of Microbiology, Bhavan’s College, Andheri (W), Mumbai - 400 058 (India). Received on March 25, 2010 and accepted on April 29, 2010
ABSTRACT Faecal coliform counts that are indicative of water pollution were isolated and enumerated from water samples and tissues of freshwater mussels Parreysia corrugata collected from two locations in the state of Maharashtra. Results indicated that Nanded site was heavily polluted whereas Thane site was significantly pollution free. Keywords : Parreysia corrugata, faecal coliforms, water pollution, Freshwater mussels.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 213-216 June 2010
Evaluation of adsorption efficiency of Ferronia elephantum fruit shell for congo red retrieveal from aqueous solution U.E. Chaudhari Department of Chemistry, M.F.M. Warud, Dist. Amravati (India). Received on April 12, 2010 and accepted on May 29, 2010
ABSTRACT Congo Red adsorption from an aqueous solution on Ferronia elefuntum fruit shell (FEFS) has been studied experimentally using the batch adsorption method. The operating variables are pH, initial dye concentration contact time. Adsorption isotherm (Langmuir and Freundlich) and kinetics model were studied. The adsorption capacity of FEFS was found to increasing with increase in temperature. Thermodynamics parameters such as “G, “H, and “S for adsorption were evaluated. Adsorption of Congo Red on FEFS found to be endothermic process. The aim of present work is to study the effectiveness of the adsorbent dyes from their aqueous solution and the removal of color from textile and various industrial waste water. Keywords : Adsorption, Ferronia elephantum fruit shell, Congo Red, Adsorption kinetics
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 217-219 June 2010
Monitoring of drinking water quality of Gopuri region of Wardha city, Maharashtra J.R. BAJORIA, A.K. SATONE, R.B. TURALE, P.V. TEKADE and N.P. MOHABANSI Department of Chemistry, Jankidevi Bajaj College of Science, Jamnalal Bajaj Marg, Civil Lines, Wardha - 442 001 (India). Received on January 08, 2010 and accepted on February 27, 2010
ABSTRACT A study of water samples from the historical area, Gopuri of Wardha (M. S.) has been carried out to examine its portability for domestic purposes. The samples from three different places viz., Gitai Nagar (S1), Snehal Nagar (S2) & Laxmi Nagar (S3) were collected. The physicochemical parameters were studied. The parameters were analyzed & compared with standard values prescribed by American Public Health Association (APHA) & World Health Organization. Keywords : Monitoring, Physicochemical parameters, Gopuri.
Volume 5 No. 1 Page No. 221-222 June 2010
Physicochemical analysis of drinking water of Gandhi Nagar area of Bhopal with special reference to pollution H.C. Kataria¹* and Santosh Ambhore² ¹P.G. Department of Chemistry Government, Geetanjali Girls College, Bhopal - 462 038 (India). ²Government Motilal Vigyan Mahavidyalaya, Bhopal - 462 001 (India). Received on February 12, 2010 and accepted on April 04, 2010
ABSTRACT Physico – chemical analysis of bore – wells drinking water of Gandhi Nagar area of Bhopal city has studied in different seasons for one year during 2008-09. Two readings in one season have observed to analyze different parameter i.e. temperature, pH, EC, free CO2, chloride, Total alkalinity, Hardness, Ca – H and Mg – H, The result are found in the range of 26 – 29.5° 6.8 – 7.8 220 – 988 u mhos /cm, 0 – 32.8, 18.2 – 128.28 22.8 – 364 ppm 104.8 – 384, 72 – 312 & 24 – 72.4 ppm. Respectively, While D.O, B.O.D., C.O.D., NO3-1 and SO42 are in the range of 1.14 – 2.68, 2.00 – 3.60, 20.8 – 78.8, 3.2 – 12.4 and 323.2 – 70.6ppm The present study has its utmost importance for hygienic point of view in the public interest. Keywords : Physico - chemical analysis, bore - well, Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal.