Winter Canola Breeding and Research Program for the Southern Great Plains
Michael J. Stamm Department of Agronomy Kansas State University
The U.S. Canola Association set a goal of 1.5 million acres in the southern Great Plains by 2018. Planted Winter Canola Acres in the Southern Great Plains (2013/14 estimated; Sources: NASS, FSA) 500,000
Planted Acres
400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
Year Oklahoma
Kansas
Other (CO & TX)
2013/14
Objectives 1. Develop and evaluate high-yielding, regionally adapted winter canola cultivars. Priority traits of the breeding program include: winter survival, tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicide carryover, tolerance to post-emergence applications of glyphosate herbicide, yield potential, quality of the grain and extracted oil, blackleg disease and pest resistance, and forage quality. 3. Improve canola cropping systems by addressing agronomic management issues through scientific research. Production studies will address: crop establishment, simulated grazing of forage, crop rotation, harvest management, on-farm testing, and crop modeling in DSSAT. 4. Extend production and marketing technologies for canola through appropriate extension and outreach programs. Demonstrate to producers that winter canola is an agronomically and economically viable oilseed and/or grazing crop. Methods of delivery may include, but are not limited to, field days, field tours, risk management schools, extension and journal publications, professional society meetings, agronomic updates, radio and television interviews, and social media.
Breeding for Adaptability • Use diverse germplasm to increase yield potential and incorporate traits of interest • Oil quantity and quality • Winter survival • Disease tolerance • Herbicide resistance – Sulfonylurea residuals – Glyphosate
• Relative maturity • Dual purpose forage and grain
Griffin
Lamont, OK March 27, 2014
Winter Survival
KS4549 – potential new variety for northern Kansas Head-to-head mean survival (1-5) across 6 southern Great Plains sites, 2013-2014. KS4549
1.9
KSUR21
2.0
DKW46-15
2.4
Safran
3.2
Wichita
3.3
46W94
3.9
P-value
<.0001
LSD (0.05)
0.4
Sulfonylurea Herbicide Carryover KSUR21 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; potential new cultivar
Figure 1. Response of KSUR21 to different rates of Finesse herbicide applied pre-p 100 90
Sumner (Finesse)
80 ns Percent 70 of Viable Plants 60
KSUR21 (Finesse)
ns
50 40 30 20
*
10 0 0.25x
*Significant at P<0.05
0.5x
ns
1x Rates
2x
Blackleg Tolerance Results from a disease screening nursery comparing commercial varieties with K-State experimental lines in Oklahoma. Entry
Company/ University
KSUR21
Severity(0-5)1 2011
2012
2013
K-State
1.0
---
1.4
Sitro
Rubisco
2.2
1.1
2.2
46W94
Pioneer
---
2.3
2.4
HyCLASS115W
Croplan
1.6
1.9
3.4
DKW46-15
DeKalb
2.5
1.4
2.3
Sumner
K-State
2.1
0.6
1.9
1.0
0.7
0.9
LSD (0.05)
1Internal stem decay on a 0 to 5 scale where 0=no disease, 1=25% decay, 2=50% decay, 3=75% decay, 4=100% decay, 5=dead plant.
KSUR21
Competitor
Green stubble indicates minimal blackleg infection
Yield (lb/a) of Roundup Ready cultivars from the 2012/13 OSU Winter Canola Performance Trials. Fort Cobb
Helena
Lahoma
Average
KSR4649S
2281
3066
2052
2466
KSR4650
2396
1994
1873
2088
KSR07352S
2204
2418
1244
1955
KSR07363
2175
2221
1950
2115
46W94
2735
2519
1672
2309
DKW46-15
2174
2363
1691
2076
HyCLASS115W
2391
2252
1610
2084
Mean
2234
2298
1701
2077
CV
11
19
21
LSD (0.05)
341
620
507
Mean yield a reflection of all entries in the trial.
K-State Varieties KSR4649S (2014) Roundup Ready and tolerant to sulfonylurea herbicide soil residual License pending
KSR4650 (2014) Roundup Ready License pending
KSR07352S (2013) Will be marketed by DEKALB as DKW45-25 1st K-State Roundup Ready variety Also tolerant to sulfonylurea herbicide soil residual
KSR07363 (2013) Roundup Ready License pending
Griffin (2011) 1st dual-purpose forage and grain variety developed for the Great Plains
Riley (2010) 1st variety released by K-State possessing 40% oil
Kiowa (2008) Sumner (2003)
1st winter canola variety tolerant to sulfonylurea herbicide soil residual
Abilene (2002) Wichita (1999)
Standard winter canola cultivars in the USA
Plainsman (1998)
National Winter Canola Variety Trial • Evaluate experimental varieties and hybrids in a wide range of environments • Determine where commercial varieties and hybrids are best adapted • Increase the national visibility of winter canola • Provide a variety selection tool and source of information for canola producers, breeders, agronomists, and end-users • 2014-2015 NWCVT – 11 breeding programs, 54 entries – 33 hybrids, 21 open-pollinated – 14 Roundup Ready, 3 Clearfield, 6 semi-dwarf – 52 locations in 20 states
Winter Canola Variety Testing • K-State coordinates an USDA-NIFA canola research award and the NWCVT. • The map below identifies participating locations in the 2014-2015 growing season. University research station and USDA-NIFA sub-contractor NWCVT locations The NWCVT includes 54 commercial and experimental winter canola varieties from public and private entities. The NWCVT increases the visibility of winter canola across the USA.
2014-2015 NWCVT Sources # of Entries 5
Commercial Products 2
DuPont Pioneer
5
1
DL Seeds Inc.
5
0
High Plains Crop Development
1
1
Kansas State University
7
3
MOMONT, France / Photosyntech
5
2
Monsanto / DEKALB
9
5
Rubisco Seeds
7
7
Star Specialty Seed
1
1
Syngenta
6
0
Virginia State University
3
1
57
23
Developer / Marketer CROPLAN by WinField
Totals
www.ksre.ksu.edu/bookstore
Results from the 2013-2014 NWCVT City
State
Mean
Min
Max
Auburn
AL
2271
1535
3045
Fruita
CO
1706
1060
2323
Griffin
GA
3770
2631
4866
Vincennes
IN
2423
1296
3264
Mills River
NC
2621
1974
4347
Woodstown
NJ
1800
791
2885
Clovis
NM
1271
807
2061
Springfield
TN
2126
1040
2928
College Station
TX
1173
442
1874
Orange
VA
2498
1631
3228
Alburgh
VT
860
165
1764
***22 trial locations lost or unusable
Oil and Yield Distribution NWCVT, 2003-2012 (Crop Science, Assefa et al., 2014)
Histogram Histogram of OIL of OIL
3000 Frequency
1000
Mean=2.1 SD = 1.1
0
500 0
Mean = 39.3 SD = 3.7
2000
2000 1000
500 0
1500
2000 1000 1500 Frequency
4000
Histogram of Yield_IS
25
2530
3035
3540
4045
4550
Oil content(%) Oil content(%)
79% of variability in oil content in the NWCVT is due to environment.
50
0
2
4
6
8
Canola yield (Mg ha-1)
73% of variability in grain yield in the NWCVT is due to environment.
The future •
Inbred lines for hybrid breeding program –
•
License from INRA-France
Selection of prostrate growth habit –
Greater winter survival and reduced potential for fall stem elongation
–
More flexible planting dates
•
Greater number of herbicide tolerant/resistant cultivars available
•
Raise the base level oil percentage in Great Plains germplasm pool by 2 to 3%
•
Increase grant funding and utilize new collaborative relationships with private industries
Mike Stamm Associate Agronomist / Canola Breeder Department of Agronomy Kansas State University 785-532-3871 mjstamm@ksu.edu Follow @ksucanola on Twitter Follow @KStateAgron on Twitter