BSU LP-31
Elbbruecke Quartier
Solar Envelope Studies
Study of insolation and shading Insolation duration and Solar Envelope Model Elbbrueckequartier
Belichtungsstudien. Besonnungsdauerbemessung und Solar Envelope Model Elbbrueckequartier
Existing master plan analysis and design proposal based on the study
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BSU LP-31
Elbbruecke Quartier
Solar Envelope Studies
Table of contents џ џ џ џ џ џ џ џ џ џ џ џ џ џ џ џ
Summary Master plan characteristics Introduction of method Analysis of insolation duration (beginning) Analysis of insolation duration (ending) Analysis of insolation duration and shading Solar envelope Solar envelope (correlation with existing master plan design) Block analysis (Block 6, 7) Block analysis (Block 6, 7) Block analysis (Block 10) Block analysis (Block 10) Design proposal for Block 10 Design proposal for Block 10 (Court insolation analysis) Design proposal for Block 10 (Court and facades insolation analysis) Design proposal for the whole district
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2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Summary This study was a preparation for the city competition on the master plan of the Elbbruecke Quartier. Results of the analysis were considered in the work on competition objectives and requirements. According to present Building code of the city of Hamburg the only requirement is to keep distances between buildings equal to 0.4H. In the case of HafenCity development project it is allowed to build even denser as in zone of special regulation. The main policy for new districts is to provide 30% amount of the dwellings as a
social housing. In this situation apartments with better characteristics (views, orientation, cross-ventilation, better light exposure) could be on the free market when those with worse socially supported. Light exposure and shading parameters of existing master plan were thoroughly analized according Russian insolation regulations. The model of solar envelope was built to show how existing master plan could be changed to meet the regulations and were the solutions are not optimal. Time period and geometric method of
calculation based on SanPiN 2.1.1/2.1.1.1076-01 “Hygienic requierments to insolation and sun protection of premises of dwelling and public buildings” All calculations of insolation duration are made in SketchUp with LSS plug-in. Parametric modelling of solar envelope and rays loft figures are made in Rhinoceros 3D with Grasshoper. Model unit of sky dome simulation based on Grasshopper module: LadyBug by Mostapha Sadeghipour. Methods of insolation assessment are explained on the page 4.
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BSU LP-31
Elbbruecke Quartier
Solar Envelope Studies
Master plan characteristics
4 3
8
2 1-1 7 14
6 12
5 10 1-2
15
This diagram shows zones presumably should be insolated in order to provide equal conditions for dwelling units of later designed dwelling houses in quarters.
13 11 Functional Zoning
9 1-4 Master-plan Blocks characteristics Blocks ordinal numbers
1-3
- commerce - dwelling - offices
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BSU LP-31
Sun seasonal trajectories simulations are made in Rhinocerous 3d and Grasshopper
Sun trajectory diagram 21.09. Autumnal equinox
Time period and geometric method of calculation based on SanPiN 2.1.1/2.1.1.1076-01 “Hygienic requierments to insolation and sun protection of premises of dwelling and public buildings� All calculations of insolation duration are made in SketchUp with LSS plug-in. Parametric modelling of solar envelope and rays loft figures are made in Rhinoceros 3D with Grasshoper. Model
Sun trajectory diagram 21.06. Summer solstice
unit of sky dome simulation based on Grasshopper module: LadyBug by Mostapha Sadeghipour. City location data obtained from *.epw weather file. According to SanPiN for the central zone (located between N480 and N580) insolation period equals 2 continuos hours from 22.03 to 22.09. (art. 2.4, art. 2.5) This regulation is in force for rooms of dwellings and public
Sun trajectory diagram 21.06. Summer solstice
buildings (art. 2.3). In dwelling units at least one room of studios, 1 and 2 bedroom apartments should be insolated; at least 2 rooms of 3 and more bedroom apartments (art. 3.1). Discrete period is allowed but one phase should be at least 1 hour long. The whole period is to be for 0,5 h longer (art.3.3)
Sun trajectory diagram 21.12. Winter solstice
Elbbruecke Quartier
Solar Envelope Studies
Introduction of method
Sun trajectory diagram 21.12. Winter solstice
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BSU LP-31
Elbbruecke Quartier
Solar Envelope Studies
Analysis of insolation duration Master plan of Elbbruecke Quartier
Calculations are made in SketchUp 8 with LSS plugin
II 8
7
6
5
I XII
X IX VII V
38
39
36
31
27
20
32
28
21
35 33
37
29
25
24
16 17 12
XI
18
VIII
11
III 10
9
22
26 30 34
1
VI
II III
II
7
12
11
10
9
8
55
51 57 52 47
54
46
58 59
40 60 41
XV
49 50 56
Court 1
48
Pt# 9 __ 10 11
| Int# | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1
| Starts | Ends | 09:40 | 11:36 | 12:01 | 13:01 | 09:08 | 11:02 | 08:59 | 11:02
12 | __ |
XVII XVI 53
45
Starts 09:03 11:57 09:03 11:40 08:58 11:14 07:36 10:32 11:49
| | | | | | | | | |
Ends 10:35 12:30 09:30 12:30 09:04 12:30 08:35 10:48 12:30
| | | | | | | | | |
Duration 01h32m 00h33m 00h27m 00h50m 00h06m 01h16m 00h59m 00h16m 00h41m
4
6
IV
| | | | | | | | | |
3
13
19 15
23
| Int# | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3
2
5 14
Pt# 5 __ 6 __ 7 __ 8 __ __
XIII II 15 IV
42 43 44
14 13
Pt# 13 14 __ 15 __
| Int# | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2
| Starts | 13:03 | 09:15 | 10:21 | 09:07 | 10:15
| | | | | |
Ends 14:52 09:36 11:34 09:31 10:52
1 | 2 |
08:59 | 13:37 |
| Duration 01h56m | 01h00m | 01h54m | 02h03m
|
11:02 | 15:40 |
02h03m 02h03m
| Duration | 01h49m | 00h21m | 01h13m | 00h24m | 00h37m
XIV
61
XVIII I 4
3
2
1
Pt# 1 __ 2 __
| Int# | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2
| Starts | Ends | 07:00 | 10:18 | 11:39 | 12:30 | 07:00 | 08:49 | 11:13 | 12:30
| Duration | 03h18m | 00h51m | 01h49m | 01h17m
3 __ 4 __
|
|
|
1 | 2 | 1 | 2
07:00 | 10:41 | 09:51 | 12:04
|
07:45 | 12:30 | 11:43 | 12:30
00h45m | 01h49m | 01h52m | 00h26m
II V 16
Pt# | Int# | Starts | Ends | Duration 16 | 1 | 14:11 | 16:07 | 01h56m 17 | 1 | 14:11 | 15:34 | 01h23m
II VI 18
19
17 Pt# | Int# | Starts | Ends | Duration 16 | 1 | 14:11 | 16:07 | 01h56m 17 | 1 | 14:11 | 15:34 | 01h23m
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BSU LP-31
Elbbruecke Quartier
Solar Envelope Studies
Analysis of insolation duration Master plan of Elbbruecke Quartier
Calculations are made in SketchUp 8 with LSS plugin
Pt# 20 21 22 __ 23
VII 22
| Int# | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1
| Starts | 10:07 | 09:55 | 07:55 | 10:07 | 10:23
|
36
| | | | |
Ends 12:30 12:30 07:57 12:30 12:30
| Duration | 02h23m | 02h35m | 00h02m | 02h23m | 02h07m
XI
| | |
Ends 15:31 13:32 12:30
| Duration | 02h26m | 04h09m | 03h16m
XII
35
37
Pt# 35 36 37
| Int# | 1 | 1 | 1
| Starts | 13:05 | 09:23 | 09:14
| | | |
Ends 15:27 13:32 12:30
| Duration | 02h22m | 04h09m | 03h16m
23
21
VIII 26
25
20
Pt# 24 25 26
24
| Int# | 1 | 1 | 1
| Starts | 13:05 | 09:23 | 09:14
|
Pt# | Int# | Starts | Ends | Duration 38 | 1 | 14:11 | 15:30 | 01h19m 39 | 1 | 14:11 | 17:00 | 02h49m
39
38
IX 27
28
29
30
X 33 34
32
31
Pt# 27 28 29 30
| Int# | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
| Starts | 14:06 | 14:11 | 14:11 | 14:11
|
Pt# 31 __ 32 33 34
| Int# | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1
| Starts | 07:29 | 10:20 | 08:13 | 10:20 | 10:37
|
| | | |
| | | | |
Ends 16:08 15:27 15:17 15:17
| Duration | 02h02m | 01h16m | 01h06m | 01h06m
XIII
Ends 07:31 12:30 12:30 12:30 12:30
| Duration | 00h02m | 02h10m | 04h17m | 02h10m | 01h53m
XIV 47
43
42
46
41
45
40
44
Pt# 40 __ 41 42 43 __
| Int# | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2
| Starts | 08:20 | 12:00 | 11:34 | 10:48 | 09:15 | 09:45
|
Pt# 44 __ 45 46 __ 47 __
| Int# | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2
| Starts | 09:42 | 13:05 | 09:12 | 08:59 | 14:10 | 08:59 | 11:19
|
| | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Ends 08:48 12:30 12:30 12:30 09:23 12:30
| Duration | 00h28m | 00h30m | 00h56m | 01h42m | 00h08m | 02h45m
Ends 11:06 15:29 13:47 11:09 15:31 11:02 13:51
| Duration | 01h24m | 02h24m | 04h35m | 02h10m | 01h21m | 02h03m | 02h32m
7
BSU LP-31
Elbbruecke Quartier
Solar Envelope Studies
Analysis of insolation duration and shading Master plan of Elbbruecke Quartier
Calculations are made in SketchUp 8 with LSS plugin
XVII
Pt# 53 __ 54
| Int# | 1 | 2 | 1
| Starts | 07:19 | 10:37 | 08:13
| | | |
Ends 07:20 12:30 11:36
54
| Duration | 00h01m | 01h53m | 03h23m
Court 1
53
I XII 38
39
36
X IX VII V 31
27
20
32
28
21
29
35 33
37
25
24
16 17 12
XI
11
III 10
9
22 18
26 30
VIII
34
1
3 4
13 6
VI
IV
XV
II
5 14
19 15
23
2
Pt# 55 __ 56 57 58 59 60
55
7 8
| Int# | 1 | 2 | 1 | __ | 1 | 1 | 1
| Starts | 08:05 | 10:49 | 09:57 | _____ | 11:12 | 13:05 | 14:11
| | | | | | | |
Ends 08:10 12:30 12:30 _____ 15:09 15:15 14:41
| Duration | 00h05m | 01h41m | 02h33m | ______ | 03h57m | 02h10m | 00h30m
58
XVII XVI 55
49 50 56 51 57 52 47
54
61
46
58 59
40 60 41
XV
48
Court 1
53
59
45
60
XIII
56
42 43 44
XIV 57
XVIII Pt# 48 49 50
XVI
50 48
49
| Int# | 1 | 1 | 1
| Starts | 14:11 | 14:11 | 14:11
| Ends | 15:17 | 15:17 | 15:27
| Duration | 01h06m | 01h06m | 01h16m
51
Pt# 51 __ 52
| Int# | 1 | 2 | __
| Starts | | 14:11 | | 15:41 | | _____ |
Ends 14:55 16:29 _____
| Duration | 00h44m | 00h48m | ______
XVIII |
52 61
Pt# | Int# | Starts | Ends | Duration 61 | 1 | 14:11 | 15:44 | 01h33m
|
60% of court is not insolated Average duration 48 min Area of 2 hrs duration and longer 35%
8
BSU LP-31
Elbbruecke Quartier
Solar Envelope Studies
Solar Envelope
Solar envelope model for the whole area of Elbbruecke Quartier The solar envelope is an imaginary volume that regulates development within imaginary boundaries derived from the sun’s relative motion. Buildings within this container do not overshadow surroundings during defined periods of the day and the year. prof. Ralph L. Knowles, USC Time period and geometric method of calculation based on SanPiN 2.1.1/2.1.1.1076-01 “Hygienic requierments to insolation and sun protection of premises of dwelling and public buildings”
Solar envelope model which represented here is based on a minimal 2 hour insolation period for each external perimetrical facade (excl. northern). The model calculated to define perimetrical and internal maximal allowable volumes disregarding the internal quarter configuration and insolation requierments for internal facades, courts etc. Insolation of internal elements of quarter is to be defined during following profound studies for each quarter.
Envelope slopes providing 2 hours insolation of western facades
Envelope slopes providing 2 hours insolation of eastern facades Envelope slopes providing 2 hours insolation of
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BSU LP-31
Elbbruecke Quartier
Solar Envelope Studies
Solar Envelope
Correlation with existing master-plan design
Buildable volumes according to solar envelope substracted volumes Buildable volume of master-plan proposal
On the following schemes the solar envelope model and master-plan are superimposed on each other. Colored diagram shows differences and possible alterations in design in order to meet minimal solar insolation requirements
Southern row of houses on the Elbe embankment is shifted on approximately one third of block length closing through axes from Elbe to Baakenhafen. This design method causes all day long shading for western corners of adjacent quarters.
Analysis Typical peculiarity - shaded western facades of dwelling quarters because of relatively late insolation periods and thus lower sun rays in comparison to eastern or even southern facades. High-rise district allocated in general with similar mistakes causing shading for the eastern facades of first row of dwelling development in the direction to the west.
Location of western tower is also not suitable and causes shading for the shorter facade of “П”-shaped dwelling house.
Conclusions. Required rearrangment of volumes and block development for both dwelling/mixed zones and office high-rise quarters. In some cases is possible to maintain or even increase TFA by adding extra floors in places where allowed by solar envelope. In other - TFA of quarter will be decreased thus compensational measures should be carryed over adjacent quarters with less/no height limitations.
BSU LP-31
10
Elbbruecke Quartier
Solar Envelope Studies
Block analysis
Study based on solar envelope analysis and Solar insolation calculations
11
BSU LP-31
Elbbruecke Quartier
Solar Envelope Studies
Block analysis
Block 7 transformations Internal south facade analysis of insolation duration
Study based on solar envelope analysis and Solar insolation calculations
BSU LP-31
12
Elbbruecke Quartier
Solar Envelope Studies
Block analysis
Study based on solar envelope analysis and Solar insolation calculations Block 10
13
BSU LP-31
Elbbruecke Quartier
Solar Envelope Studies
Block analysis
Block 10. Study based on solar envelope analysis and Solar insolation calculations
Solar envelope
According to solar envelope model this quarter fits within its dimensions. Thank to the office building from eastern site it is possible to build up extra floors or even to design a tower house to compensate volume and area deductions of neighboring quarters
Court 1
1.
3.
2.
69% of court area not insolated Average duration 48 min Area of 2 hrs insolation period and longer 25%
50% of court area not insolated Average duration 1 h 16 min Area of 2 hrs insolation period and longer 42%
41% of court area not insolated Average duration 1 h 21 min Area of 2 hrs insolation period and longer 46%
34% of court area not insolated Average duration 1 h 40 min Area of 2 hrs insolation period and longer 59%
Ground floor area 2510 m2 Total floor area 17570 m2
Ground floor area 2510 m2 Floor area reduction (2 floors) 920 m2 Total floor area 16620 m2
Ground floor area 2510 m2 Floor area reduction (3 floors) 1380 m2 Tower floors area (compensation) 1767 m2 Total floor area 17957 m2
Ground floor area 2510 m2 Floor area reduction (4 floors) 1840 m2 Tower floors area (compensation, 4 fl) 2356 m2 Total floor area 18086 m2
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BSU LP-31
Elbbruecke Quartier
Solar Envelope Studies
Design proposal for Block 10
Study based on solar envelope analysis and Solar insolation calculations
5.
4.
6.
7.
41% of court area not insolated Average duration 1 h 19 min Area of 2 hrs insolation period and longer 45%
47 % of court area not insolated Average duration 1 h 16 min Area of 2 hrs insolation period and longer 40 %
37% of court area not insolated Average duration 1 h 19 min Area of 2 hrs insolation period and longer 33%
16% of court area not insolated Average duration 1 h 21 min Area of 2 hrs insolation period and longer 46%
Ground floor area 2510 m2 Floor area reduction (3 floors) 924 m2 Total floor area 16646 m2 Tower floor area (compensation, 2 fl) 1178 m2
Ground floor area 2510 m2 Floor area reduction (3 floors) 924 m2 Total floor area 16646 m2 Tower floor area (compensation, 2 fl) 1178 m2
Ground floor area 2510 m2 Floor area reduction (2 floors) 1064 m2 Tower floor area compensation 1078 m2' Total floor area 17584 m2
Ground floor area 2510 m2 Floor area reduction (6 floors) 1596 m2 Tower floors area (compensation, 3 fl.) 1767 m2 Total floor area 17741 m2
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BSU LP-31
Elbbruecke Quartier
Solar Envelope Studies
Design proposal for Block 10
Study based on solar envelope analysis and Solar insolation calculations
8.
Pt# 4 6 7 8 9 __ 10
| Int# | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1
| | | | | | | |
Starts 08:03 10:23 08:57 07:37 07:00 09:37 07:00
| | | | | |
Ends 10:32 11:50 11:50 11:50 09:04 | 11:32 | 07:44
| Duration | 02h29m | 01h27m | 02h53m | 04h13m | 02h04m | 01h55m | 00h44m
9.
Pt# 7 8 9 10 11
43% of court area not insolated Average duration 1 h 17 min Area of 2 hrs insolation period and longer 39%
Ground floor area 2510 m2 Floor area reduction total 1908 m2 South-West facade (2 floors) 560 m2 South-East facade (4 floors) 1348 m2 Total floor area 15662 m2 Tower floor area (compensation, 4 fl) 2356 m2 Total floor area 18018 m2
| Int# | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
| | | | | |
Starts 09:49 09:38 09:17 08:03 07:05
| | | |
Ends 11:50 11:50 11:50 | 10:32 | 09:08
| | |
| Duration 02h01m 02h12m 02h33m | 02h29m | 02h03m
34 % of court area not insolated Average duration 1 h 31 min Area of 2 hrs insolation period and longer 54%
Ground floor area 2510 m2 Floor area reduction total 1537 m2 South-West facade (4 floors) 1269 m2 South-East facade (3 floors) 268,5 m2 Tower floor area (compensation, 3+7 fl) 3847 m2 Total floor area 19880 m2
BSU LP-31
16
Elbbruecke Quartier
Solar Envelope Studies
Design proposal for Block 10
Study based on solar envelope analysis and Solar insolation calculations
BSU LP-31
17
Elbbruecke Quartier
Solar Envelope Studies
Design proposal for the whole district
Study based on solar envelope analysis and Solar insolation calculations