October 2017
Issue: 113
Machinery Exporters Union Monthly Magazine
in english
THE TURKISH MACHINERY IN TARGET MARKET; IRAN The Turkish Machinery took its place at the 17th Tehran International Industry Fair held in Tehran on October 6-9.
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he Turkish Machinery participated for the second time in the annual Tehran International Industry Fair held in Tehran, the capital of Iran. The Turkish Machinery once again showed the importance on the Iranian market with its promotional and lobbying activities, which emphasize the production power of the Turkish machinery sector. A total of 94 companies from 28 countries participated in the fair held in 11 hall. In the organization where Turkey was represented by 29 companies in the framework of the national participation organization, Machinery Branch personnels, Işıl Aydın and Tuğçe Karabörk Okan were also present in order to represent
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Machinery Exporters' Association (MAİB) and the Turkish Machinery activities. The Turkish Machinery gave detailed information
about the activities of the Turkish Machinery and its members to the participants and the visitors. Within the scope of the fair, Tehran Commerce Principal Consultant of Turkey, Cengiz Gürsel visited the booth of the Turkish Machinery and gave information about Iran's machinery sector. The fair, which is the majority of participants and visitors, was evaluated as offering opportunities for direct communication with the counterparts in Iran, which is the target market of the Turkish machinery sector. Turkish firms also noted that they were generally satisfied with the organization. The Turkish Machinery did an effective promotion activity by carrying out various negotiations within the scope of the fair which was held for four days and visited by more than 100.000 people.
TARMAKBİR TOOK OVER AGRIEVOLUTION CHAIRMANSHIP Asia and Pacific Agricultural Machinery Associations Regional Council Training and Workshop brought together the agricultural machinery in-dustry delegates on a global scale. The event was held in China between 18-28 October. Within the framework of the event, TARMAKBİR transferred the task of the Agrievolution Chairmanship, which he has been pursuing for two years, to the Association of Agricultural Machinery Distributors of China.
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he training and working activity of the Asia and Pacific Agricultural Machinery Unions Regional Council-ReCAMA, which is the roof organization of agricultural machinery manufacturers' associations in Asia-Pacific countries, is also a mem-ber of The Turkish Association of Agricultural Machinery & Equipment Manufacturers (TARMAKBİR), held in Beijing and Wu Han, cities of China between 18-28 October. In the scope of the events organized by the theme of "Precision Agriculture and Harvest Technologies in the Corn and Rice Field", it has also
been included training programs and factories visits. In the last part of event, Agrievolution 6th World Agricultural Machinery Summit and CIAME, International Agricultural Machinery Fair were held in the Agrievolution Alliance of Agricultural Machinery Manufacturers' Unions, where TARMAKBİR has been running the presidency for about two years. At the end of the summit, TARMAKBİR transferred the role of Agrievolution Chairmanship to the Association of Distributors of Agricultural Machinery of China (CAMDA). Agrievolution today has 14 member agricultural machinery manufactu-
rers' as-sociations and represents more than 6 companies worldwide. Agrievolution founded in 2012 to be a global representative of the agricultural machinery in-dustry, to address industry issues on a global scale and to create various cooper-ation opportunities among the member associations. Asia and Pacific Agricultur-al Machinery Unions' Regional Council Training and Workshop was followed by 56 representatives, 12 countries from Sri Lanka to Russia, Pakistan to Nepal, in-cluding the Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization Center of the United Nations Asia and Pacific Region.
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in english
TARMAKBİR'S URGE PROGRAM GOES ON 11 companies from TARMAKBİR have organized a trade delegation to Kiev, capital of Ukraine between October 30 and November 3 to promote their products and to make contacts with various public and private institutions.
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uring the visit of the trade delegation attended by 11 Turkish companies producing agricultural machines, the Turkish firms had a total of 120 bilateral business negotiations with Ukrainian 30 agricultural machinery dealers and distributors. Both Turkish companies from the Turkish Association of Agricultural Machinery & Equipment Manufacturers (TARMAKBİR), and Ukrainian companies commented that the negotiations were quite favorable for both sides. On the second day of the five-day trade delegation program, officials of the Ukrainian Ministry of Agriculture also
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participated and Ukraine made a presentation on the agricultural potential and the need for agricultural machinery. On the last day of the Ukrainian program, the delegation held visits to the Turkish Commercial Counselor and the Turkish-Ukrainian Businessmen Association (TUID), and had the opportunity to listen to the experiences of business representatives who had established business relations in Ukraine in advance. Ukraine owns 30 percent of the land, which is the world's most fertile agricultural land, within its borders. Agriculture is one of the most important income sources of the country. In this sen-
se Ukraine that is the largest and most fertile land of of eastern Europe, also has a serious potential in terms of Turkish agricultural machinery manufacturers. Within the Supporting the Development of International Competitiveness (URGE) project, TARMAKBİR's fifth trade mission visit, aims to increase the prevalence of Turkish agricultural machinery which is not yet widely used in Ukraine, a country with fertile agricultural lands. TARMAKBİR plans to continue to visit the trade delegation, especially in South Africa and Russia, within the scope of the URGE project in the upcoming period.
İSDER, IN SHANGHAI FOR CEMAT ASIA FAIR As Turkish Machinery Federation (MAKFED) member, İSDER participated in CeMAT Asia International Stacking, Automation, Transportation and Logistics Fair held in Shanghai, China from October 31 to November 3.
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his year more than 600 companies took part in CeMAT Asia, which is among the most important stacking machine fairs in Asia. Materials Handling Storage & Industrial Equipment Association of Turkey (ISDER), who welcomes visitors from a number of countries within the scope of the fair, gave detailed information about the structure, work and association companies of the Turkish stacking machinery sector. The renting market in China and Japan was evaluated at the "International Rental Conference Asia" meeting held on the first day of the fair. İSDER Rental Committee Chairman Reyhan Ugurlu Yücel and İSDER Deputy Secretary General Oguz Yusuf Yigit attended at the the meeting. İSDER prepared the grounds for the collabora-
tions that were important for the sector and the associations and members with the meetings organized during the fair. In this context, a joint meeting with China Forklift Association (CITA) evaluated the current situation of China forklift market and the place of
Chinese forklifts in the world. At the same time, it was decided to strengthen the relationship between CITA and İSDER. İSDER also met with the American Association of Stacking Machineries (MHI) on the fairgrounds. The main agenda was the support of İSDER for MHI events to take place next year, and it was announced that the two institutions were sister organizations. İSDER officials stated that international fairs are of great importance for the promotion of Turkey and machine sub-sector associations. İSDER officials informed that various workshops were held with the organizer Deutsche Messe about the work to be done for the presentation of the Turkish stacking machinery industry at other CEMAT Fairs organized around the world.
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in english
MANY HANDS MAKE LIGHT WORK WIN EURASIA, which collects the international six industry fair under one roof, will be organized at TÜYAP between 15 - 18 March 2018 with the slogan "many hands make light work."
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he leading international six industry fairs of the Eurasian region have joined together under the name of WIN EURASIA with the slogan"many hands make light work." Metalworking EURASIA, SurfaceTechnology EURASIA, Welding EURASIA, IAMD EURASIA, Electrotech EURASIA and CeMAT EURASIA to be held in TÜYAP between 15-18 March 2018 under one roof of WIN EURASIA. WIN EURASIA, organized by Deutsche Messe's subsidiary Hannover Fairs Turkey Trade Fairs in Turkey, expects about 3.000 participants from all over
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the world and more than 85.000 visitors. Hannover Fairs Turkey General Manager Alexander Kühnel stressed that WIN EURASIA is the pioneer and leader in its field in Turkey. "The Eurasia base of manufacturing industries will be the meeting point for industrialists from all over the world for new business connections. WIN EURASIA is a fair that adds great strength to the brand value of Istanbul. At the same time we believe that we will make a great contribution to the work carried out to make Turkey one of the most strategic exhibition centers of the world with WIN EURASIA," he said.
Kühnel also stressed that WIN EURASIA will offer a wide range of experience for Industry 4.0, as well as the large exhibition space that brings together exhibitors and visitors. "Fairs should become the center of information and experience as much as they are in trade. We attach great importance for that in WIN EURASIA. We created a special experience area for Industry 4.0. We will organize a fair that will broaden the vision of the industry, providing an interactive environment for our participating and on-site activities with our 4.0 industry-specific presentation areas," he said. Domestic and foreign companies will find the opportunity to introduce their latest technology products and services at WIN EURASIA where exist special place for Industry 4.0, in Istanbul. With its special focus on industry-oriented 4.0 and new implementations, WIN EURASIA will be a showcase to represent the latest technologies of world industry giants. The exhibitors who aim to provide all aspects of the manufacturing industry with the viewpoint will be able to experience the technological developments such as automation, digitalization, the Internet of objects and the increased reality.
"TOBB TURKEY SECTOR COUNCILS LEADS SECTORAL POLICIES" TOBB Turkey Sector Assemblies continue to improve the important duties of the country economy to create the future strategies of the workplaces creating value-added.
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stablished in 2006 within the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB), the Turkish Sectoral Assemblies continue to work with 61 different sectoral assemblies. TOBB Deputy Secretary General Cengiz DelibaĹ&#x; stated that the Turkish sectoral assemblies are an important meeting place which includes the associations or organizations established by public institutions and organizations and business people working in the sector. "This structure is designed to carry out studies that can provide significant contributions to the negotiation process with the EU, including the operation of regulatory impact analyzes, where future strategies for sectors are identified," Cengiz DelibaĹ&#x; said. What is the aim of the TOBB Sectoral Assemblies of Turkey? Our aim is to bring together the public sector and the private sector, as the private sector, to convey the general opinions and demands of the economy. Specific needs and demands arising from legislation or internal-external developments in every sectors. These issues need to be discussed by experts, and being solved the problems. The sector councils play a very important role here. The Sec-
toral Assemblies of Turkey, which are created to promote sectoral development, provide opportunities to represent sectors on behalf of TOBB and to form joint opinions and to develop cooperation between the private sector and the public sector. What can you say about the organizational structures of the Sectoral Assemblies? Sector assemblies consist of doyens of industry and related institutions and organizations. This structure carries out all its activities under the TOBB framework. Since all sides of the sector are in these sectoral assemblies, the agenda and issues of the meetings are determined by the members. Again, the chairman of the sector assemblies and the subcommittees to be formed are elected and formed by council members. Reports are also being prepared in this framework.
What is the level of cooperation with the public about the viability of the policy objectives established in the 61 sub-sectoral assemblies? We are strengthening our work in our legal framework, which is an important basis for public relations. For example, every year we regularly organize the Sectoral Economy Forum with the participation of our president, prime minister and economy ministers. As TOBB, we have also introduced a new approach to public relations: We are not a structure that generates problems as a private sector and when we express the problem in every matter, we have definitely communicated the proposal for a solution specific to the solution of this problem. At the end of these meetings, we are constantly in contact and follow-up at the point of resolution of the issues brought to our attention.
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in english
COMMERCIAL TREATY AGREEMENTS WITHOUT BORDERS: FTAS The wheels are keeping to turn in global economy that continues seek new way out for more production and consumption. Free Trade Agreements (FTA), now generate now 43% of global trade. Turkey is placing between the first 10 countries having the most FTAs in the world. Turkey continues to upgrade 21 countries and take steps to compensate economic losses due to eu FTAs.
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ransparency of the borders in the globalizing world brings an increase in global foreign trade volume. Countries that strengthen their ties with the global economy and enter international markets are growing faster than countries that can not enter global markets. The increasing trade volume of these countries also supports economic growth, brings improvements in welfare levels. The advantage of globalization means that international trade is even easier and liberalization. For this reason, it has become the primary target of all countries. Despite multila-
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teral negotiations under the World Trade Organization (WTO) framework in the direction of this goal, these arrangements do not meet the requirements of today and the multilateral trading regime is insufficient in terms of new market access. Therefore, the countries tend to make bilateral and regional trade agreements. Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) are also becoming increasingly widespread in developed countries, as well as in northsouth and south-south trade and economic relations. Free Trade Agreements remove tariffs and non-tariff barriers between two countries or groups of countri-
es that affect the trade of certain goods or services. The Free Trade Agreements provide free trade area between the parts, but they are the agreements that allow the third parts to maintain existing national regulations in third country trade. The main objective of these agreements is to increase trade between the parts to the treaty by maintaining mutual interests. According to this, the companies of the countries of the part are more advantageous than the companies of the countries which are not part to this agreement. The reason for this is that the FTAs signatory countries have implemented practices that will provide ease to each other, such as reduced customs duties, reduction or removal of denominations and downward protection walls. FTAs may cover trade in goods or services, as well as areas such as intellectual property rights, investments, government tenders and competition policies. While eliminating barriers to trade and investment with FTAs, it is essential to increase trade volume through business division, specialization and, most importantly, comparative advantages. With the expansion of the FTAs network among countries, many countries in the world supply goods from
FTA partners. Countries outside the FTAs networks are deprived of the opportunities provided by preferential trade. This situation creates a domino effect, which naturally entails that all countries increasingly form FTAs networks. More than 90 percent of WTO members, currently 164 member states, are in favor of at least one FTA or Customs Union agreement. The number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) reported to the WTO is estimated at 453. When 250 of them are in the FTA position, the number of customs union agreements is 30, the number of economic integration agreements is 150, and the number of preferential trade agreements is 23. Moreover, the mobility of these numbers is noteworthy in recent years. It has been 47 years since the signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947, which constituted the basis for WTO agreements, to the establishment of the WTO in 1994. If we share knowledge of signing 124 FTAs, which is already the end of the validity period, it can be better understood that almost half the FTAs are signed in half of this time. 43 PER CENT OF GLOBAL TRADE ARE FORMED BY FTAS According to the WTO, FTAs and customs union agreements, characterized as regional trade agreements, constitute the basic exception of the "Most Favored Nation" (MFN) rule governing the trade of goods between WTO member countries. Because MFN is a country with a WTO membership in accordance with the rule, it can not afford any less favorable treatment than any other country in terms of tariff rates and other commercial measures against other WTO member countries. At present, 43 percent of international trade is carried out among WTO member countries within the framework of FTAs. It
is also estimated that this ratio will exceed 55% with the concluding of the FTAs' negotiations. In 2015, The US have made about 34 percent of its imports and about 47 percent of its exports in 20 partner countries over a total of 14 STA's. In 2016, the EU made 32.6 percent of its exports, and 28 percent of its imports through partner countries that FTA has signed. Turkey has 21 FTAs still in force. These 21 FTAs were the source of 12 percent of Turkey's exports and 9 percent of imports in 2016. 21 FTAS ARE IN FORCE FTAs are becoming an important trade policy of Turkey nowadays. These agreements have an important role in increasing Turkey's share in the global trade and in creating the economic policy. In this context, Turkey, in line with its tendency to establish STA networks in international trade, continues to construct similar agreements based on mutual benefit on the basis of the EU's FTA agreements within the framework of the Customs Union. Although the number of FTAs signed by Turkey has reached 34, the 11 FTAs signed with the Central and Eastern European countries have been abolished because of their EU membership. The 21 FTAs currently in force are EFTA countries (Norway, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Iceland), Israel, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Palestine, Tuni-
sia, Morocco, Syria ((The Association Agreement establishing Free Trade Area between Turkey and Syria was suspended with the decision of the Council of Ministers dated 6 December 2011), Egypt, Albania, Georgia, Montenegro, Serbia, Chile, Jordan, Morityus, South Korea, Malaysia, Moldova, Faroe Islands and Singapore. On the other hand, the FTA process is completed with Lebanon and Kosovo. FTAs will enter into force following the internal approval process. The target is to sign in near future FTA with Ghana. It is expected to enter into force with the completion of the internal approval processes of the "Investment Agreement" and the "Service Trade Agreement" signed between Turkey and South Korea on February 26, 2015. Efforts are also underway to extend the coverage, and updating of existing FTAs according to today's needs to include areas such as investments and services. The process initiated in this framework with Serbia has been completed. Ongoing negotiations with EFTA countries, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Georgia are also expected to result in the near term. The FTAs in force in Turkey have enabled the Turkish exporters to enter the 1.5 trillion dollar import market with a national gross of 4.2 trillion dollars with a population of approximately 326 million by the year 2016. As of September 2017, Turkey's trade with its FTAs
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in Turkey's total imports was 9 percent. In the list of countries where we have the largest number of imports among the countries we have signed, FTA includes the top three countries South Korea, EFTA countries (more than 80% of the imports from EFTA countries are realized with Switzerland) and Israel.
partners accounts for 10.5 percent of Turkey's total trade. NEGOTIATIONS PROCEED FOR NEW FTAS Turkey, which is among the top 10 countries with the highest number of FTAs in the world, will continue to follow an active FTA policy within the framework of its 2023 targets in the upcoming period. New negotiations continue at full pelt with the aim of adding to existing FTA network. In the context of FTA negotiations officially launched with 19 countries/groups, 12 countries (Ukraine, Indonesia, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Pakistan, Japan, Thailand, Sudan, Djibouti and Qatar ) negotiations are being actively run on. In addition to merchandise trade within the scope of negotiations, service trade negotiations with Ukraine and Qatar, with service trade and investments negotiations with Peru and Mexico, service trade, investments and public procurement negotiations with Japan, have carried out. In the negotiation process are continuing to be carried out with the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cameroon, Chad, Seychelles, Gulf Cooperation Council (Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE and Bahrain), Libya, MERCOSUR countries (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Venezuela and Uruguay). We also attempt to initiate FTA negotiations with the US, Canada, India, Vietnam, the Central American Community
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(Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, and Nicaragua), African Caribbean Pacific States (consisting of 46 states in total), Algeria and South Africa. On the other hand, negotiations for the conclusion of a wide and comprehensive FTA in the medium to long term are being continued, while the UK has been in the process of being separated from the EU and the short-term bargain has been preserved. EFTA FTA IS EFFECTIVE IN EXPORT AND IMPORT Turkey's exports to the countries it has signed with FTA continue to increase in recent years. Although total exports, which were approximately 15.3 billion dollars in 2012, were 20.5 billion dollars in 2015, decreased in 2016 to 17.6 billion dollars. The share of exports made to FTAsigned countries in Turkey's total exports is measured as approximately 12 percent. The countries with the largest share of exports to the countries that Turkey has signed with FTA are EFTA countries (more than 80% of the exports to EFTA countries are realized with Switzerland), Egypt and Israel. Turkey's imports from countries signed by FTA are following a fluctuating course. Imports, which rose from $ 17.3 billion in 2012 to $ 24.5 billion in 2013, declined in the following years to $ 17 billion in 2016. In 2016, the share of imports from the countries we signed with FTA
GOODS FREE MOVEMENT NOT IMPORTANT, ORIGIN RULES ARE The customs union with EU, the largest trade partner of Turkey, is a commercial integration model in which all customs duties, analogous taxes and quantitative restrictions on trade are abolished and all common-law measures are abolished and the common customs tariff is applied to the third countries is an important cooperation agreement that plays a role in the strengthening of the Turkish economy. While free circulation of goods is essential in the Customs Union, it is necessary to develop and implement common rules of competition with the parties in this framework. In FTAs, trade between the parties takes advantage of the preferential regime of goods according to the rules of origin. In addition, FTAs do not have the obligation to implement common trade policies and common competition rules, and parties can apply their custom tariffs to third countries. In this framework, FTAs should develop foreign trade in neighboring and peripheral countries and ensure that exporters can compete in foreign markets on equal terms with their competitors, especially with the initiatives of EU countries. FTAs are important in terms of mutual investments and joint ventures to increase Turkey's international competitiveness. In this context, while Turkey has no obligation to accept the contents of FTAs signed by the EU, the negotiations taking into account Turkey's sensitivities with industrial and trade policy priorities.
"THE MOST ACCURATE ADDRESS FOR SPAIN MARKET" TİSTO Board of Directors Esther González, stressed that TİSTO is the one of the right address in Spain to open to new markets, to promote product and service.
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he Turkish-Spanish Chamber of Industry and Commerce is a platform that allows the Turkish and Spanish private sector to understand each other better. TİSTO Chairman of the Board of Directors (on behalf of Amadeus) Esther González talked about what they were doing for the purpose of establishing TİSTO as well as the opportunities for cooperation between Turkish and Spanish firms. When and how does the TurkishSpanish Official Chamber of Industry and Commerce operate? TİSTO was established in 1988 to contribute to the development of commercial and social relations between Turkey and Spain, but it is an official establishment which started its effective work in 2011. TİSTO has more than 90 institutional members in different sizes from different sectors. Thanks to the communication network established by TİSTO, Turkish and Spanish companies; they can be informed firsthand about the advantages of the initiatives of both countries and the difficulties they may encounter. TİSTO helps companies to increase their commercial relations with them by including their members in an active network primarily with dif-
ferent events to be organized in Spain and Turkey. TİSTO brings together professionals from the private and public sector with interested firms in the market and creates an environment that will enable them to benefit from each other's experiences. What is the trade between the two countries? If the figures meets the potential of size of both countries? Trade between Turkey and Spain follows a fairly balanced course. While Turkey's young and educated population and the EU membership process make it easier for Spanish companies to invest in Turkey, cultural similarities and geopolitical proximity between the two countries are also factors that positively affect bilateral trade volume. According to TURKSTAT figures, Spain is the eighth country with the
highest exports by 2016, the ninth country with the highest imports, but Turkey and Spain still do not not fully assess the potential of trade. We continue to work to make it happen. What kind of services does the chamber offer to the Turkish producers who want to open up to the Spanish market? TİSTO gives information about personal and expert opinions to the extent possible, as well as organized business network activities that enable its members to be brought together with interested parties and institutions and to be informed in the most accurate way through seminars. In addition, the activities of our member companies are announced by a wide range of audiences who hear about both markets through our regularly published newsletters and social media accounts.
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in english EXPORT FIGURES IN RESPECT TO THE ACTIVITY FIELD OF THE MACHINERY AND ACCESSORIES
Source: All Exporter Unions Database JANUARY 1-AUGUST 31, 2016
PRODUCT GROUP
VALUE (Mil $)
$/kg
JANUARY 1-AUGUST 31, 2017 QUANTITY (1000 Tonnes)
VALUE (Mil $)
$/kg
(%) CHANGE
QUANTITY
VALUE
ENGINES, ACCESSORIES AND SPARE PARTS
82,6
1.337
16,2
95,3
1.400
14,7
15,4
4,7
INDUSTRIAL AIR CONDITIONERS AND COOLING MACHINES
328,4
1.341
4,1
338,4
1.350
4,0
3,0
0,7
OTHER INDUSTRIAL WASHING AND DRYING MACHINES
302,9
852,5
2,8
320,3
881
2,8
5,8
3,4
OTHER MACHINES
104,9
714,5
6,8
119,6
788,1
6,6
14,1
10,3
CONSTRUCTION AND MINING MACHINES
148,7
570,4
3,8
181,1
607,1
3,4
21,8
6,4
PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS
65,9
454,1
6,9
71,1
520,2
7,3
7,9
14,6
AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY MACHINES
87,1
413,5
4,7
100,2
448,2
4,5
15,1
8,4
MACHINE TOOLS
62
429,5
6,9
65,7
440,6
6,7
5,9
2,6
TURBIN, TURBOJETS, TURBO PROPELLERS
9,2
244,4
26,5
10,7
401,4
37,5
16,0
64,3
TEXTILE AND CLOTHING MACHINES AND ACCESSORIES
55
301,9
5,5
60,5
347,4
5,7
9,8
15,1
VALVES
34
285,3
8,4
35,9
325,2
9,1
5,6
14,0
FOOD INDUSTRY MACHINES, ACCESSORIES AND SPARE PARTS
46,9
267,2
5,7
61,3
316,4
5,2
30,6
18,4
REACTORS AND BOILERS
37,8
271,3
7,2
38,7
297,1
7,7
2,4
9,5
WEAPONS AND AMMUNITION FOR THE DEFENSE INDUSTRY
27,5
420,6
15,3
15,3
254,6
16,6
-44,1
-39,5
ROLLER AND FOUNDRY MACHINES, MOULDS
25,7
190,1
7,4
28
217,2
7,7
9,0
14,2
24
173,2
7,2
28,6
203,9
7,1
19,5
17,7
34,6
158,3
4,6
43,2
180,8
4,2
25,0
14,2
5
94,3
18,8
5,7
109,8
19,2
14,0
16,5
GUM, PLASTIC, RUBBER PROCESSING MACHINES
8,9
98,5
11,0
10
105,5
10,5
12,1
7,1
OFFICE MACHINES
2,1
92,8
42,3
2,7
98,6
36,0
24,9
6,2
BEARINGS
7,5
83,5
11,1
7,8
87,7
11,2
4,2
4,9
PAPER MANUFACTURING AND TYPOGRAPHY MACHINES
5,9
41,8
7,1
8,8
56,6
6,4
48,7
35,2
LEATHER PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING MACHINES AND ACCESSORIES
1,3
8,4
6,3
1,9
9,7
5,0
45,2
16,0
1.508
8.846
5,9
1.651
9.449
5,7
9,5
6,8
INDUSTRIAL HEATERS AND COOKERS LOAD LIFTING, CARRYING AND STOWING MACHINES PACKAGING MACHINES, ACCESSORIES AND SPARE PARTS
TOTAL
128
QUANTITY (1000 Tonnes)