sljtf sljtf k|wfg rf}dfl;s klqsf
sljtf ÷ 1
2 ÷ sljtf
sljtf k"0ff{ªs \ M !)!, j}zfv–;fpg, @)&@
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sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs ufoqL lji6
g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fg sdnfbL, sf7df8f}F
sljtf ÷ 3
sljtf k"0ff{ªs \ M !)!, j}zfv–;fpg, @)&@ k|sfzs
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cfj/0f ;Hhf ;Dks{ j]a ;fO6 E-mail
M www.nepalacademy.org.np : office@nepalacademy.org.np
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VITA KAVIT A VIT KA A Collection of Contemporary Nepali Poetry
4 ÷ sljtf
web source:www.khaasskhass.com
g]kfnn] Oltxf;b]lv afXo x:tIf]k / pTkL8gsf] kL8f vKb} cfPsf] 5 . ;'uf}nL ;lGwaf6 o;sf] ljlwjt\ cf/De ePsf] lyof] . cª\u|]h;Fusf] o'b\wdf k/fhosf] ;fdgf ug'{ k/]kl5 g]kfnn] cfˆgf] 7"nf] e"efu t u'dfpg' k¥of] g} afXo x:tIf]k / pTkL8gsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] ;fdgf klg ug'{ k¥of] . b]zeSt g]kfnLx?n] o;sf] lg/Gt/ k|ltjfb u/] klg ;fdGtL ;Ttfdf lj/fhdfg s}of}F zf;sx?n] cª\uh ]| ;fd|fHosf] g]kfndflysf] cf}klgj]lzs pTkL8gsf] s'g} k|ltjfb u/]gg\ . a? pgLx? cª\u|]hx?nfO{ l/emfpg / cfˆgf] zf;g ;Ttfsf] cfo' nDAofpg tkm{ nfu] . ;'uf}nL ;lGwb]lv otf cg]sf}F c;dfg ;lGw ;Demf}tfx? ePsf 5g\ . o:tf ;lGw ;Demf}tfx?n] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf, /fli6«o :jfwLgtf / cfTd ;Ddfg dfly uDeL/ cf3ft k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . /f0ff zf;gsf] cGTo eof], ef/taf6 cª\uh ]| x? uP, g]kfn / ef/t b'a} d'ns ' df nf]stGqsf] :yfkgf eof] t/ c;dfg ;lGw ;Demf}tfx? oyfjt\ dfq /x]gg\, g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf, /fli6«o :jfwLgtf / cfTd ;Ddfgdfly cfFr k'Ug] u/L ef/t;Fu c¿ klg ;lGw ;Demf}tfx? eP . ;g\ !(%) sf] ;lGwkl5 g]kfnn] ;a}eGbf a9L ef/tLo x:tIf]k / pTkL8g vKg' k/]sf] 5 . g]kfndfly k|ToIf ck|ToIf b'a} lsl;dn] x:tIf]k / pTkL8g x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . cfly{s, /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts nufot ljljw If]qdf o;nfO{ ;':ki6 ¿kdf b]Vg ;lsG5 . gj cf}klgj]lzs pTkL8g em]ln /x]sf] jt{dfg g]kfndfly ;a}eGbf a9L x:tIf]k / pTkL8g ef/ts} x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ;Ldf cltj|md0fb]lv g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] ;"Id Joj:yfkg;Dd of] lj:tfl/t ePsf] 5 . ef/tn] g]kfnnfO{ Ps :jtGq / ;fj{ef}d ;Ttf ;DkGg d'n'ssf ¿kdf :jLsf/ ug}{ rfx]sf] b]lvGg . ef/taf6 cª\u|]h /fh ;dfKt ePsf] nfdf] ;do eO{ ;Sbf klg pm cª\uh ]| x?sf] dfgl;stf / b[li6sf]0faf6 d'St x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;fIox? eG5g\– ef/t g]kfnnfO{ cfˆgf] cfZostf / rfxgf cg';f/ lxF8fpg rfxG5 . g]kfnnfO{ cfˆgf ;'/Iff /0fgLltx?sf] dftxtdf /fVg', o;sf] k|fs[lts ;|ft] ;fwgdfly PsflwkTo :yfkgf ug'{ / o;dfly lg/Gt/ k|eT' j agfO /fVg' p;sf d'Vo ceLi6x? b]lvG5g\ . afXo x:tIf]k / pTkL8gsf] b]zeSt g]kfnLx?n] lg/Gt/ k|ltjfb ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . g]kfnL hgtfn] k|bz{g ub}{ cfPsf] b]zelStsf] efjgfsf] hlt k|z+;f u/] klg sd x'G5 . g]kfnL hgtfdf kfOg] /fi6« k|]d / /fli6«o r]tgf g]kfnL zf;sx?df gkfOg', kfOP klg cToGt sd kfOg' Ps b'vb\ lj8Dagf xf] . s}of}F zf;sx?n] t u'nfdLsf] dfgl;stf dfq k|bz{g u/]sf 5}gg\, /fli6«o lxt / :jfy{ ljk/Ltsf sfo{x? klg u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf ef/tLo x:tIf]k / pTkL8g lg/Gt/ a9\b} hfg'df o; rl/qn] dxTTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] 5 . @))& ;fnkl5 o; ljifodf ;hu / uDeL/ x'g ;s]sf] eP o:tf] l:yltsf] ;fdgf ug'{ kg]{ lyPg . aflx/ /fi6«jfbsf hlt;'s} 7'nf s'/f ul/P klg g]kfnnfO{ o; b[li6n] alnof] agfpg] sfd x'g} ;s]g . lj;ª\ut g]kfnL /fhgLltleq g]kfnL /fli6«o lrGtg / /fi6«jfb sdhf]/ aGof] . ef}lts / cflTds b'a} b[li6n] Ps alnof] /fi6«sf] lgdf{0f x'g} ;s]g . dw];df ePsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 ;f/]/ ef/tn] g]kfndfly k'gM gfsfaGbL nufPsf]
sljtf ÷ 5
5 . dw]; cfGbf]ngsf] s'/f axfgfafhL l;jfo c¿ s]xL xf]Og eGg] s'/fsf lglDt w]/} a]/ 3f]lTng' kb}g{ . ef/tåf/f g]kfndfly nufOPsf] gfsfaGbL p;sf] k|eT' jjfbL rl/qs} lg/Gt/tf xf] . Ps sl7g ;doaf6 u'lh| /x]sf] g]kfndfly gfsfaGbL nufP/ pm cfˆgf lxt cg'sn" sf sfo{x? u/fpg rflx /x]5 eGg] s'/f :ki6 5 . dw]; cfGbf]ng g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s dfdnf xf] . o;df s;}n] bVvn lbg'nfO{ s'g} klg ts{sf cfwf/df plrt 7x¥ofpg ;lsGg . ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 Tolt 7'nf] ax'dt;lxt kfl/t ;+ljwfgnfO{ ef/tn] :jfut gug'n{ fO{ p;sf leqL rfxgfx?;Fu} hf]8/] x]g{' kb{5 . pm gfsfaGbLsf dfWodaf6 sl7geGbf sl7g l:ylt ;[hgf u/]/ cfˆgf ceLi6x? cg'¿k g]kfnnfO{ lxF8fpg rfxG5 . of] gfsfaGbL g]kfndflysf] 7f8f] x:tIf]k xf] . of] cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tfx?sf] lj?b\wdf 5 . lgjf{w cGt/f{li6«o kf/jxg ;'ljwf g]kfnsf] clwsf/ xf] t/ ef/t oL ;a}nfO{ a]jf:tf ul/ /x]5 . g]kfnL ;|i6fx?n] Oltxf;b]lv g} g]kfndflysf] afXo lyrf]ldrf]sf lj?b\wdf cfkm"nfO{ ;zSt ¿kdf pEofpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . pgLx?n] cfˆgf ;[hgfx? dfkm{t To;sf] k|ltjfb t u/]s} 5g\, ef}lts ¿kdf klg To;sf] lj/f]wdf plePsf 5g\ . k|fylds sfnb]lv g} ;|i6fx?n] cf/De u/]sf] afXo lyrf]ldrf]sf] lj/f]w jt{dfg;Dd cfO k'Ubf cem ;':ki6, ;an / k|efjsf/L ag]sf] 5 . g]kfnL ;|i6fx?n] afXo pTkL8gsf ljljw ¿kx?nfO{ cfˆgf /rgfdf zlStzfnL cleJolSt lbPsf 5g\ / To;sf] k|ltjfb klg u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx?sf /rgfdf Ps :jfwLg, ;d'Ggt / ;'Gb/ g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] :jKgn] cleJolSt kfPsf] 5 . pgLx?n] /fi6« / /fli6«otfsf ;Gbe{df g]kfnL /fhgLltdf b]lvPsf lj;ª\ut tl:a/sf] klg s7f]/ cfnf]rgf u/]sf 5g\ . gfsfaGbLsf dfWodaf6 g]kfndfly ul/Psf] ef/tLo x:tIf]ksf] klg g]kfnL ;|i6fx?n] ;zSt k|ltjfb u/]sf 5g\ . ;|i6fx? ;a} lsl;dsf afXo x:tIf]k / pTkL8gsf] cGTo rfxG5g\ . pgLx? l5d]sL d'n's nufot ;a};Fu ;dfgtfsf cfwf/df d}qLk"0f{ ;DaGw rfxG5g\ . ;a} g]kfnLx?sf] rfxgf klg oxL xf] . ;|i6fx?n] u/]sf] afXo x:tIf]ksf] lj/f]w g]kfnL ;|i6fx?df Oltxf;b]lv /xFb} cfPsf] /fi6«jfbL r]tgfsf] lg/Gt/tf xf] . g]kfnL ;|i6fx?n] cfˆgf] o; r]tgfnfO{ cem ;d[4 ug'{ k5{ / ;a} k|sf/sf afXo x:tIf]k / pTkL8gsf] lj/f]wdf cfkm"nfO{ ;zSt ¿kdf pEofpg' kb{5 . lgM;Gb]x g]kfn / ef/tsf aLr ;lbof}F nfdf] ;DaGw 5 . ;DaGwsf cfly{s, /fhgLlts h/fx?eGbf ;f+:s[lts h/fx? lgs} ulx/f 5g\ . g]kfn ef/t;Fu ;dfgtfsf cfwf/df ;DaGwsf] lj:tf/ / ;'b[9Ls/0f rfxG5 . ef/t g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf / ;fj{ef}ldstfk|lt ;+j]bgzLn x'g' k5{ eGg] ck]Iff g]kfnn] /fVg' :jfefljs 5 . ef/tn] g]kfn;Fusf] ;DaGwnfO{ ;'dw'/, ;'b9[ / kmnbfoL agfpg] xf] eg] p;n] g]kfn ;DaGwL cfˆgf s}of}F wf/0ffx?nfO{ ;Rofpg' k5{ / c;dfg ;lGw ;Demf}tfx?nfO{ cGTo ug'{k5{ . o;af6} kf/:kl/s ;DaGwnfO{ bL3{ sfn;Dd d}qLk"0f{ / pknlAwd"ns agfpg ;lsG5 . ljZjsf] ljzfn nf]stflGqs d'ns ' / pboLdfg ljZjzlStsf ¿kdf /x]sf] ef/tsf lglDt oxL g} >]ois/ af6f] x'g] 5 . ef/tn] cfkm"nfO{ ;RofpFbf g]kfnLx?n] ef/tsf] s6' cfnf]rgf ug'{ kg]{ 5}g . ef/tn] g]kfndf ef/t lj/f]wL efjgf 5 eg]/ klg elg /xg' kg]{ 5}g . b'a} d'n'ssf] ;DaGw ;f}xfb{k"0f{ ag]/ cl3 a9\g] 5 . xfdL ef/tnfO{ gfsfaGbL nufot ;a} lsl;dsf x:tIf]kx?nfO{ aGb ug{ / ;dfgtfsf cfwf/df ;DaGwnfO{ cl3 a9fpg cfu|x ub{5f}F .
6 ÷ sljtf
ljifo ;"rL sljtf Tof] sfnf] lbg dxfe"sDk b'O{ xhf/ axTt/ oyfy{, cfjZostf / ckl/xfo{tf l9n} eP klg ltdL cfof} === xsbfaL cfh cfkm\g} dnfO{ Kof/f] eª\Hofxf e'OFrfnf] dflns e"sDk cftª\sdf sDkg a'n6] k|k' m Hofs]6;Fu} k'l/Psf] d Oltxf;, ;Ttf / b]z jt{dfgsf] lj8Dagf === lzjTj /f]lh /x]5 dg aGbstf{sf] cfXjfg atg cg'/fu ;kmn hLjg clGtd jQmJo oL /ftx? 5f]/LnfO{ afsf] ;Daf]wg w/x/f ;s'zn 5 O{Zj/ 5}g jgjf; g]kfn ;femf 3/ xfp 8f]Ndf OR5f s;/L rn]sf] 5 ;+;f/ === dgsf] ‰ofn h'7f] kfl/hfg] h'g cld6 cl:tTj k/tGq eOgF s}n} === xft]dfnf] u/f}F P]gf x]5{ ls x]bg {} pm lhl:sFb} 5 d[To';u F cl:dtf ;f6]/ efn]x?nfO{ === nf6f] 3/ 3/ t];f| ] laxfg g]kfn xf] km'naf/L cf] ofofj/ Û
OGb' kGt piff z]/rg pbo vgfn ‘pd]z’ snflglw bfxfn sljtf /fO{ s[i0fxl/ e6\6 s]=aL= l;Dkn u0f]z v8\sf u08sL k'q uf]v{] ;fOFnf] uf]ljGb /fh e6\6/fO{ hª\u kxf8L hoGtL :kGbg t]h k|sfz >]i7 lbg]z clwsf/L bLkf /fO{ k'g b'vL dfOnf b]jsL clenfifL wtL{rGb| ofqL g/]Gb| s'df/ gu/sf]6L gd{bZ] j/ k|wfg gf/fo0f ltjf/L gLnd sfsL{ lgxfl/sf lgxfl/sf clwsf/L a'l4 df]Stfg eSt/fh Gof}kfg] efUozfnL clwsf/L eLd bfxfn dl0f afª\bn] ‘;fu/’ dfwj k|;fb sf]O/fnf d's'Gb Gof}kfg] d'sG' b kf]v/]n d'gf/fh z]df{ /~hg l3ld/] ‘slNkt’ /ljdfg ndh]n /fh s'df/ >]i7 ¿ks cnª\sf/ nId0f clwsf/L nId0f s'jF / j;Gt yfD;'xfª
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sljtf ÷ 7
web source:www.khaasskhass.com
syf Pp6f dft[e"ldsf] sfG5f] 5f]/f] cfkm\gf] efUo cfk}mF n]V5' ylst ;kgfs]f au/df An]8 nfndfof / km'ndfof jg km'n oftgf lzlj/ o;/L cfpF5 pm rf}tf/f] xfdL pbf;] emf/x? dfjn e"sDk wfljsf P6nfG6f ;dosf] emL/df t/, d af]Ng ;S5' lje|flGt rNg] e"sDk h:t} clnslt ===
jf;'bj] lqkf7L ljdn ef}sfhL ljjz ct[KtofqL ljjz kf]v/]n ljjz j:tL j}/fuL h]7f zf]ef b'nfn ;ª\uLt cfofd ;GWof kxf8L ;¿ kf]v/]n ;Ltf lg/f}nf ;'bLk kflv|g ;'bz ] ;Tofn ;'/]z xfr]sfnL ;'zLnf v8\sf ‘xl;gf’ :jlKgn :d[lt xl/x/ ltldlN;gf x]drGb| g]kfn
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8 ÷ sljtf
web source:www.khaasskhass.com
sljtf
Tof] sfnf] lbg OGb' kGt sfnf] lyof] lbg sDkg hfFbf afbn d8f/]/ ulh{g hfFbf y/y/ j[If y/y/ auFr} f y/y/ 3/, vDaf, kmn}rF f
dxnsf dflg;, e'mk8L ;fy ;a Ps} 7fpF, wtL{d} /fh v'nf cfsfzsf] d'lGt/ cf]n/{] hDdf ePsf lhpFbf n:s/
;a ldnL sfFk/] pk|mg yfn] ;[li6 / /rgfdf ah|g yfn] leqL of] dgn] hkgf u/fof] gf/fo0f, s[i0f, /fd af]nfof]
sf] x'bF f] /}5 cfˆgf k/fO ;a ldnL a;] o;d} enfO cfkt\ kbf{ a'leFmbf] /x]5 l/; / /fu ;a dbf]{ /x]5
:t'lt u0f]z sf]xL eHg yfn] s'nb]j, d"nb]j sf]xL efSg yfn] sDkg cgf}7f], uh{g cgf}7f] qf;bL Tof] lbgsf] bz{g cgf}7f]
s]jn k|f0f arfpg] Wo]o gu/L s;}nfO{ x]nf / x]o hLjgsf] aTtL an]df dfq ;lsFbf] /x]5 ug{ cg]s
eoª\s/ lyof] Tof] lbg /ft k/fO cfkmGt ;a Ps ;fy j}zfv af/ axTt/ ;fn g]kfnL hgsf] eof] a]xfn
cfF;' / xfF;f], b'v / ;'v ;f6]/ xfF;L afFlrbf] /x]5 u'? ag]/ e'OrF fnf] cfof] k|f0fL ;a Ps x'g\, l;sfO uof] .
sljtf ÷ 9
dxfe"sDk b'O{ xhf/ axTt/ piff z]/rg ;bf e}mF hLjg cfˆg} ultdf lxFl8 /x]sf] lyof] ;bf e}mF hLjg cfˆg} nodf alu /x]sf] lyof] dWofXgdf crfgs 8/ nfUbf] sDkg ;lxt PsfPs xlNnPsf] wtL{n] hLjgsf] ult g} df]l8 lbof] hLjgsf] no g} eTsfO lbof]
;a}eGbf ;'/lÔt nfUg] :ju{eGbf ;'Gb/ nfUg] k|f0feGbf Kof/f] nfUg] cfˆgf] 3/ g} ;a}eGbf c;'/lÔt x'bF } cfk}mnfO{ k'g{ tlD;P/ PsfPs /fÔ;df cg"lbt x'bF } cfkm}nfO{ dfg{ tlD;P/ hLjgsf] zflGt g} xl/ lbof] hLjgsf] sflGt g} l5lg lbof]
cnlR5gL Tof] Ps ldg]6 j|m/" / lgb{oL Tof] Ps ldg]6 dxfsfnsf] ¿k lnP/ zfGt ;d'bd| f PSsfl; ;'gfdL p7] e}mF p7]/ hLjgsf] b[Zo g} ab\ln lbof] hLjgsf] kl/efÈf g} km]l/ lbof]
Ps} ldg]6df dxfljgfzsf/L Tof] dxfe"sDkn] s}of}s F f sfvx? l/lTtP s}of}s F f l;Gb'/x? k'l5P s}of}F gfgLx? 6'x/' f eP s}of}F dfG5]x? 3fOt] eP s}of}F hLjgx? ;dfKt eP
y'k}| /ut kl;gf l;Fr/] /x/n] agfPsf] 3/ cfˆg} /ut / kl;gf a]r/] b'vn] agfPsf] 3/
l5ge/d} wtL{n] cfˆgf] /f}b| ¿k b]vfP/ l5ge/d} k|sl[ tn] ljgfz nLnf dRrfP/
10 ÷ sljtf
web source:www.khaasskhass.com
;f/f jtfj/0fnfO{ layf]Nb} htftt} sf]sf]xf]nf] dRrfpFb} hLjgsf] ;'Gb/ ;kgf g}} vf]l; lbof] hLjgsf] ;'Gb/ lakgf g}} tf]l8 lbof]
v'nf wtL{df lgsfn]/ ;8s / rp/df emf/]/ hLjgnfO{ g} cnkq kfl/ lbof] hLjgnfO{{ g} c:tJo:t agfO lbof]
;x/ uNnL 6f]n ;a} elTsP ufpFsf ufpF ;a} ;vfk eP a:tLsf a:tL ;a} phfl8P
;f]rs ] f lyPgf}F slxNo} hLjg o;/L klg ef]Ug kbf]{ /x]5 eg]/ ;f]rs ] f lyPgf}F slxNo} hLjg o;/L klg afFRg kbf]{ /x]5 eg]/
x]bf{ x]b{} xfd|f ;'Gb/ ;+/rgfsf ulj{nf Oltxf;x? xfd|f uf}/jzfnL j}ejtfsf ljZj ;Dkbfx? xfd|f bla{nf klxrfgsf w/x/f / d7 dlGb/x? ;a} ;a}nfO{ 9fn]/ Ôt ljÔt kf/]/ v08x/df cg"lbt u/]/ hLjgsf] lx:;L g} n'l6 lbof] hLjgsf] afGsL g} d]l6 lbof] s}of}s F f 5fgf x/fP s}of}s F f dfgf x/fP cfFwL x'/Lsf lar 3fd kfgLsf lar v'nf cfsfzd'lg
olTt x'bF f x'bF } klg dxfe"sDkn] sf] wgL, sf] ul/a sf] cfˆgf], sf] k/fO{ sf] ldq, sf] zq' sf] hft, sf] a]hft lje]bsf ;a} kbf{x? Roft]/ cxd\sf ;a} kvf{nx? eTsfP/ hLjgnfO{ g} hLjgsf] kf7 k9fO lbof] hLjgnfO{ g} hLjgsf] df]n l;sfO lbof] dxfe"sDkn] hLjgsf] s'g} klg Ô0f clGtd x'g ;S5 eGg] zfZjt ;Gb]z lbP/ uof] Û hLjg ;'Gb/ / dxTTjk"0f{ 5 eg]/ a'emfP/ uof] ÛÛ
sljtf ÷ 11
oyfy{, cfjZostf / ckl/xfo{tf pbo vgfn ‘pd]z’ lgnf] uugsf] jIf :yndf Zj]t skf]tsf em'G8sf] dgf]x/ sfafx? x]//] lxdfnsf ;';n ] Lx?af6 k|jflxt ePsf] zLtn ;'ulGwt xfjfsf] l:gUw :kz{sf] cg'el" t ug{ kfpg' kg]{ rfxgf cfhsf dgx?sf] oyfy{ xf] . cf]8f/ k/]sf pb/x?sf] cGtx[b{ oaf6 k|:km'l6t j]bgfsf] jf:tljstfdfly ;To ;+jb] gf 5/]/ w/tLsf] sf]vaf6
12 ÷ sljtf
;d'Ggltsf cª\s/' x? pAhfpg z/L/sf ;Dk"0f{ cjojleq pT;fxsf pmhf{x? hufpg' cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . cfdfsf] c~rndfly lgl:kmj|mL k/t ag]sf] w'nf]nfO{ bfh'efOsf] k|fs[lts e|ft[ k|d] sf] pb\af]wgåf/f lxdfn kUn]sf] lgd{n hnsf] cleif]sn] kG5fP/ zflGtdo d'lSt pT;j ;hfpg tTk/tf b]vfpg' cfhsf] ckl/xfo{tf xf] .
l9n} eP klg ltdL cfof} ltdLnfO{ ;fw'jfb snflglw bfxfn l9n} eP klg ltdL cfof} ltdLnfO{ wGojfb 5 hxfF, kft e}mF lk/tL km}nGYof] /];f e}mF hLjg ofqf lxF8Y\ of] d[To', dfq sfndf x'GYof] s¥ofªs'¿ªsf ayfgn] cfsfz, ;ª\uLt u'GhGYof] lgnf] cfsfz, em/em'66\ tf/fx?, ;"o{ clg rGb| cGt/ cg'el" tsf] efj t/ª\uleq dfgjtf lapFemGYof] ;a} ;a}df k|ldy; e}mF ToxfF ltdL cfPgf} l7s} 5 cfPs} eP klg yfxf x'GgYof] s;}nfO{ st}lt/ af?bsf] w'jfF df}nfP/ of] lgnf] cfsfzdf
s¥ofªs'?ª p8\g 5f]8] d;nsf] pGdfb pk|m/] hldgdf k|ldy; lxF8g\ 5f]8] s'a/] sf] 3/ eg{ xtf/ lhp;sf ;Gtfgx? h'g j]nf hª\undf cdª\unsf] ;'/f lkpg nfu] ;'Gb/L t 5Fb} 5g\ r]nL rd]nLx? lbgbxf8} b}To cf;g aGg ljjz Û ljjz ÛÛ 5ftLdfly 9'ªu\ f ;xg nfu] l7s} 5 l9n} eP klg Tof] j]nf xlNnFb} xlNnFb} ltdL d':s'/fof} ltdLnfO{ wGojfb 5 d:tL ug]x{ ? cfln;fg ejgdf lv8\sL vf]n/] u:tL ul/ /x]y] sljtf ÷ 13
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u:tLd} /xg]x? l/Ttf k]6 hldg hldgd} cfF;' eml/ /x]y] a}ªs \ Jofkf/ n'6g\ ;kmn ceb| dg dl:tisx? pGdfbsf lt3|f 76fP/ xfF;f]sf] jiff{ ul/ /x]y] l9n} eP klg l7s To; j]nf ltdL cfof} ltdLnfO{ ;fw'jfb 5 lrNnf sf/ r9\gx] ?n] >d axfb'/s} >d p8fP/ cg]sf}F dfOs efFrs ] } x'g\ – s';L{x? kmf]8s ] } x'g\ – P]g bkmfsf kfgfx? Roft]s} x'g\ dfgjtfsf] b'xfO lbg]x?n] a:tLleq}– /ut /utsf] xf]nL v]ns ] } x'g\ gofF e"v08sf] /6fg /6\gx] ?n] ;'k|eftdf ;';GWofdf h'g;'s} j]nf lsg gxf];\ gu/sf]6 jf uf]s0f{ l/;f]6{ xf];\ jf /]:6'/fF n]ann] xf];\ jf lXj:sL a|fG8Ln] ;Gtfg n7\ofP/ ;'tfPs}, em'dfPs} x'g\ Tof] j]nf dWo lbgsf] k|x/df xnrn xnrn ;d'bs | f] emf/L af]s/] cljlbt ltdL cfof} ltdLnfO{ z'e sfdgf 5 14 ÷ sljtf
ljwfgsf] gfdn] dfTg]x? dflt /x]s} 5g\ c1fgtfsf] /f]un] k|sl[ t;Fu lh:sg]x? lhl:s /x]s} 5g\ ;x/÷ufpFdf u/f÷sGb/fdf b]vfj6L ;fgsf] ;f}uft prfln /x]sf] j]nf l9n} eP klg hshs emsems u888 8\ofDd cUnf cf;gsf ;fg / cxª\sf/sf cledfg eTsfP/ efFr]/ l9n} eP klg ltdL cfof} ltdLnfO{ ;fw'jfb 5 ;RrfO ;w}F lttf] x'G5 gLdsf] 8fF7nfO{ ld7f] dfg]/ dflemPsf bfFtx? slt pHofnf 5g\ yfx} ePg ltdL cfPsf] – lz/df zLt r'xs ] f e'mk|fdf – lu6\7f vfPsf k]6x?df – vfF8L nufPsf cfªx?df Tof] j]nf dfq yfxf ef] o:tf hLljt of]4fx?nfO{ ha cfsfzdf p8\g] s¥ofªs'¿ª e}mF xn ?ª\gx] ?– x'nsf x'n l/;f]6{ /]:6'/fF em'Dg]x?– x'nsf x'n lXj:sL a|fG8L na{l/g]x?– x'nsf x'n
a}ªs \ Jofkf/ n'6/] hª\un k;]sf d;nx?– x'nsf x'n r]nL rd]nL anfTsf/n] uuN; xlNng]x?– x'nsf x'n >dzLn xftx?s} /ut /utsf] xf]nL v]ns ] f lt3|fx?– x'nsf x'n lrNnf sf/ r9]/ k]?ª\uf k]6s} k};fn] s';L{ dfOs efFRg]x?– x'nsf x'n em'kf| e'mk8L l5/]/– k|ldy;, cfuf] tfKg nfu] l9n} eP klg cfof} – d]/f] d'6' – d]/f] x[bo – d]/f] k|d] sf] pHofnf] aTtL– k|sl[ t ltdLnfO{ ;x;| ;fw'jfb 5 – em'kf| x?sf] – e'mk8Lx?sf] – r]nL rd]nLx?sf] – k|ldydx?sf] – l/Ttf k]6 / gfª\uf cfªx?sf] – ;t\, lzj, ;'Gb/ ofqf/DeLx?sf] .
sljtf ÷ 15
xsbfaL sljtf /fO{ ;do k'uk] l5 lkFmhfP/ a};F sf] /ª 9kSs} kmlj|mP5 a;fP/ duduL 5/]/ df};dL ;'uGw a]jfl/; km'n Û sfv kfPg p;n] h;n] k|;j kL8f a]xf]l/g\ yfxf kfPg dft[ jfT;No lrg]g ddtfsf] /ª hGdg' p;sf] afWotf ef8fsf] sf]v === . n8fOF klxrfgsf] cfdfx? Û clwsf/ vf]Hb} 5g\ ;Gtfgsf] ;dosf] hfFtf]
16 ÷ sljtf
km]l/ ltgs} 6fpsfdf lkFlwg] ltg} 3'g;l/ ltgs}} dgdf ;+ju] sf] cfFwL ¿k km]/L km]/L zf]if0f ltg}df lje]bsf] v]tL t ub}{ 5 cflv/ k|ljlw ;lbof}bF l] v v]n eO /x]5 z/L/dfly, efjgfdfly . kz'Tjsf] j/0f lsg ub}{ 5 dfG5] lsg u5{ cfk}mnF fO{ j|mo ljj|mo a'l4sf] ljhodf ljj]s u'dfpFb} ;a} yf]s eP/ cls~rg cfTdfljxLg s'g cfdfsf] rN5 xsbfaL < s'g au}rF fsf] xf] < j]jfl/; km'n Û
cfh cfˆg} s[i0fxl/ e6\6 gvfPsfx?nfO{ eft] lgb|f nfUb}g chL0f{x?nfO{ gofF ljrf/sf] vfgkfg gnfu]kl5 ef]sfPsfx?sf] clh{ vfP/ 8sfb}{ pgLx?sf] lgb x/fd ug{ hfUg' k5{ .
au/]nfO{ dfq s] bf]if lbg' oxfF lhpFbs } f] df;' n'5g\ ] slt slt zflGtnfO{ eª\u ug]{ lap /f]k/] lg/Gt/ :jtGqtf / Gofosf] cy{ s] Û
nfv]x?sf] jr{Zj cfˆg} nx/df gsfa kf];x? htftt} lgb|fsf] :jfª ug]x{ ?sf] ayfg ePkl5 efn] s/fpg'sf] cy{ s] Û
cfuf] cf]sNg] ;d/x?n] lr;f] r'nf] hnfpg g;s]kl5 /utsf] xf]nL v]Ng] hNnfbx?sf] pGdfbs} j}ej x'g] g} ef] gfª\uf] cfª 5f]Kg] ;kgfx? cfkmGts} b'Zrj|mdf anfTs[t ePkl5 gofF ue{wf/0fsf] ljsNk s] Û
s]xL b'uG{ w sd u¥of] of] e]nn] e]n ;w}F cfpFbg} kmf]xf]/} kmf]xf]/sf :df/sx?nfO{ aufpg] gag]sf] e]nsf] cy{ s] Û gfs y'g/] lxF8g\ ] afgL k/]kl5 /ª\uxLgnfO{ hufpg'sf]] cy{ s] Û
;fdYo{ 5 s;}sf] gbL /f]Sg] < lxDdt 5 s;}sf] xfjfsf] j]u 5]Sg] < cfpm cfh cfˆg} Pp6f gofF nx/sf] lgdf{0f u/f}F dfgj Gofo / d'lStsf] gofF ;d/ /f]hf}F .
sljtf ÷ 17
dnfO{ Kof/f] s]=aL= l;Dkn ;of}F hftsf] km'nsf] au}rF f dnfO{ Kof/f] g]kfnsf] gS;f cª\lst un}rF f dnfO{ Kof/f] jL/ uf]vf{nL / cd/ ;lxbsf] ;flns dnfO{ Kof/f] g]kfnL wtL{df lx/f, df]tL / ;'g kmnfpg] dflns dnfO{ Kof/f] rGb|, ;"o{ / zflGt af]ss ] f] Wjhf dnfO{ Kof/f] hGde"lddf bz gª\uf| sf] kl;gfsf] af]emf dnfO{ Kof/f] bf}/f, ;'?jfn, sf]6 / 6f]kL klxl/Psf] tl:a/ dnfO{ Kof/f] b]zsf] :jfledfgdf snd rnfpg] sndjL/ dnfO{ Kof/f] /f/f, km]jf / a]ugf;sf] 8'ªu\ f dnfO{ Kof/f] dft[el" d g]kfnsf] df6f] / 9'ªu\ f dnfO{ Kof/f] :jfy{nfO{ ltnf~hnL lbg] ;f/lysf] ;fy dnfO{ Kof/f] e]befj /lxt Pp6} g]kfnL hft dnfO{ Kof/f] ljZjsf] >Lk]r¿kL ;u/dfyfsf] b]z dnfO{ Kof/f] u'Go' rf]nf]df l;Fufl/Psf] efiff / e]if dnfO{ Kof/f] ufpF g} ufpFn] el/Psf] g]kfnL cfafh dnfO{ Kof/f] cg]stfsf] km'naf/L xf] g]kfnL Pstfsf] ;dfh dnfO{ Kof/f] .
18 ÷ sljtf
eª\Hofxf e'OrF fnf] u0f]z v8\sf of] s'g sDkg zf:q xf], ;DemL ;DemL, emD6L emD6L sfFKg' kg]{ < wfdL, emfFjm| L / lah'jfx? /ftel/ sfFK5g\ / e"tk|t] eufP/, l;of l;sf/L dG5fP/ dTy/ x'G5g\ clg hfG5g\\ cfˆgf] af6f] lnP/ cfˆg} sfdsfhdf ef]lnkN6 laxfg} t/ of], === Pp6f eoª\s/ ;Gqf; / c1ft eo a;f{P/ sfFlk /xG5 kL8f j]bgfn] cfs'nJofs'n dgx?nfO{ t;f{pg a]va/ af/Daf/=== Psf]xf]/f] cfpg] hfg] ul/ /xG5 lgM;ª\sf]r lg/Gt/ cg]sg csNkgLo /, jLeT; b[Zox? 5f]8/] d]/f] elh{g e"ldnfO{ Roft]/ 5]b ul/ lbg] kflki6 xf] of] 3/, uf]7, dlGb/, kf6L kf}jf, b]jfno, ;ª\ux| fno, w/x/f=== lxdfn–kxf8, dw];–t/fO{, k'n k'n;] f, af6f]3f6f] ;a} ;a} eTsfP/ e's6'{ kfl/ lbg] cwdL{ xf] of] dxn b/af/b]lv em'k8L ofS;fx? s]xL g5f]8g\ ] lgb{oL / j|m/" xf] of] lax]sf] hUu]df a;]sf slTt a]xn ' Lx?sf] l;pFbf]df k'Ug} nfu]sf] l;Gb'/ 5]pdf a;]sL nf]sGtLsf] l;pFbf]df k'¥ofO lbof] a]xn' fsf] xft xNnfO lbP/ / a]xn ' Lsf] lgwf/ eftvf}/s ] f] uf]8fdf x'¥ofO lbof] wªwª] nfO lbP/ vf; 9f]Ug' t lyof] p;s} a]xn' fnfO{ klt k/d]Zj/ dfg]/ 3/ lelqg nfu]sf s}of}F b'nxLx? ;ª\3f/ g6]Sb} l;s'jfsf] hfFtf]df k5fl/P ;fFemdf ;'xfu/ft dgfpg l7Ss k/]sf gj bDktLsf] ;kgfsf] /ft layf]ln lbof] dRrL dRrL xNnfO lbP/ /x/sf] vf6 sljtf ÷ 19
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;DalGwt 7fpFdf sf]xL s]xL k'Ug ;s]gg\, lzjfo rf}/sf 6]G6 afx]s olt rsrs u/]kl5 klg cfk"m rflxF k=====/ k'u/] a]hf]8n] lhp dsf{pbF } km]l/ csf]{ eofjx k/sDkg 5f]8/] b'lgofFsf] ;ftf]kT' nf] lnG5 of] xft ;dft]/ cFuflnFb} w/x/f r9\g] lszf]/ hf]8Lsf] a};F fn' of]hgf cfˆgf] gjhft lzz'nfO{ :tgkfg u/fpFb} ;kgf a'Gg] dft[ jfT;Notf hGd lbgsf] cj;/df cfkmGt / z'e lrGtsx?af6 bL3f{os ' f] z'e sfdgf yfk]/ ay{ 8] ;]na] ;]| gsf nflu ev{/} kf6L{ Kofn]; k'us ] f ;De|fGt jox? ;8s k]6Ldf l;d]G6sf] af]/f prfn]/ la/fdL cfdfnfO{ l;6fdf]n v'jfpg] wf]sf] xn uf]? gf/]/ df6f]df kl;gf /f]Kg nfnflot hfFu/x? ufpFsf] cFWof/f] 3/ aGbsL /fv]/ pHofnf]sf] vf]hLdf ;x/ k;]sf t?0fx?sf] cfsfª\Iff kf7zfnf hfFb} u/]sf b]zsf ;;fgf 3fd h"gx?sf] afn ;'ne v';L === ;Gtfgsf] sdfOdf ;f; cNemfO /x]sf j[bw\ j[bw\ fx?sf] e/f];f /, slTt slTt– sfvx?, sf]vx?, l;pFbf]x?, pd]/x?, /x/x?, rfxgfx?, OR5fx?, ;kgfx? === hDd}nfO{ If0fe/df ;vfk kfg]{ of] cb[Zo cl:tTj ca t cfpFbg} xf]nf eGof] emg\ ;DemL ;DemL, emD6L emD6L cfO /xG5 / dfG5]sf] dg a]lx;fa xNnfO /xG5 x'/Ln] ?v xNnfP h:tf] s]sf] l/; xf]nf dfG5]x?;Fu o;sf] lwt} gdg]{ o:tf] < gc3fPsf] l;+x h:tf] c;lTt of] eª\Hofxf e'OrF fnf] ;lDemG5'– d ;fgf] 5Fbf Tof] e'OrF fnf] uPsf] ;fn xh'/afn] ;'gfPsf] of] e"ldleqsf] df5f] / To;n] xNnfPsf] sfgsf] syf k9\b} 5' / ;f]Rb} 5' of] e'OrF fnf] kZrft\ e"ue{ljb\n] lbPsf ts{x? === x] crDd Û s:tf] xf]nf, of] k[YjLd'lg Ps;fy lxF8g\ ] hf]8L Kn]6 === < h;n] sDkgkl5 k/sDkg ub}{ of] e"uf]nnfO{ em'nf] rsds agfpFb} 5 / dfG5]sf dg cfˆgf]eGbf Hofbf /]S6/ :s]ndf xNnfpFb} 5 cfk"m h'w/] km]l/ olt j]nf clns 9'Ss 5' o; sf/0f ls oxL eª\hfxf e'OrF fnf]n] ubf{ g} oxfFsf eª\hfxf dfG5]x? yf]/} eP klg 1fgL x'g yfn]sf 5g\\ . 20 ÷ sljtf
dflns e"sDk cftª\sdf u08sL k'q sf] xf] Tof] ;8s g} Rofltg] u/L s/fO /x]5 e"sDksf] dfu u/]/ . lsg dg k/]g p;nfO{ d]/f] prfO hxfFaf6 d cjnf]sg u5{' d]/} h:tf] j}ej kf]t/] cg'xf/df xfF; e}mF 9NsFb} lxF8g\ ] a'l4hLjLx? b/af/ h:tf] of] d]/f] 3/ oxLF aG5g\\ uf]Ko of]hgfx? / ltgsf] k|efjn] k|Hjlnt aG5 d]/f] cg'xf/ b'ud{ ufpFsf l9sL / hfFtfx? d]/} ho ufgdf alh /xG5g\\ /ftlbg oxLF hDdf x'G5g\\ ls;fgsf] kl;gfn] rlDsPsf wfgsf afnfx? oxLF a;]/ n]lvG5g\\ ljwjfsf] lgwf/df efUosf] td;'s
oxL 3/df kf]lvPsf] 5 dfYnf] ufpFdf hfg] ;8ssf] lu6L oxL 3/df xflnPsf] 5 gbLkfl/ hfg] emf]nª ' u\ ] k'n ot} st} s'gfdf 5f]k/] /flvPsf] 5 /fli6«o uLtsf] w'g / oxL 3/sf] /vjf/L ug{ bf}8G5g\\ ufpFns ] f s'v/' f rf]g]{ gfd'b e':ofxf e}mF nfUg] 56\6' s's/' x? . hLjgsf ;a} prfO xf]RofP/ sdfPsf] d]/f] gfdsf] 6f]kL xhf/ ufnLn] klg gxNng] afgL k/]sf] d]/f] dg s;n] xNnfpg vf]lh /x]5 Tof] rf}af6f]df pleP/ sf] dflu /x]5 e"sDk s] d]/f] b/af/ eTsfpg] zlSt ;~ro ul/ ;Sof] ;don]===<
sljtf ÷ 21
sDkg uf]v]{ ;fO“nf] 3/} 6'6n\ f h:t} y/y/ u/L sDkg eof] a;]sf] sf]7f g} r/r/ u/L rs{g uof] cFw/] f] 5fof] of] dg d'6' k'/} yls{g uof] cxf] Û eGbf eGb} km/km/ u/L kmls{g uof] . ;a} g} eTsfof] 3/ hldg g} r"0f{ eOuf] ePsf] h] h] xf] hghg ;a} gi6 eOuf] g tf ;f]rfO{ y]F ul/a hgsf] jf; pl7uf] e/] vfg] s] xf] < ca eg ;v] cfkm' ;lsof] . 5 xfd|f] g]kfnL kg cln eg] ;f]r ulx/f] n8] 8fF8f kfvf jg s';d' df aU5 klx/f] 6'6] ;f/f g]kfn e/ klxrfgL lrhx? s7} h'6n \ fg\ s}n] ca ;a lg;fgL ldtx? < h'6f}F x} vfFrf] ef] ca t ;a of] b]z / snf arfpmF xfdLn] ul/a hgsf df}lns snf xF;fcf}F xfdL g} ;sn hgsf leq dgdf k'¥ofpFm x} ;]jf ;sn b'lvofsf ;'–tgdf . agcf}F x} xfd|} gj w/x/f kf}/v lemsL sxfF aGnf cfˆg} k|an dgsf] hf]z glemsL agfP cfTdfsf] x[bo ky g} pRr /xnf a9fP/} ;]jf o'u o'u w/f :jR5 /xnf . 22 ÷ sljtf
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a'n]6 k'|km Hofs]6;Fu} k'l/Psf] d uf]ljGb /fh e6\6/fO{ of] b[Zo dWo cfsfzb]lv Osf/;! v;] h:t} xf] dflydfly w]/} dfly cfsfzdf k'u/] , p8\bf p8\b} cfsfz 5]8/] kNnf] 5]p k'Uof} x] Osf/; cfˆg} lktfsf] ltdLn] s;/L cj1f ub}{ Tof] k|r08 ;"os { f] cfFugd} k'Uof} Tof] c;Xo k|sfzn] ltd|f kv]6f klUnP, 89] / v:of} ltdL cfsfzdf k'us ] f] b]v/] } oxfF xfdLn] klg cfsfz 5'g] cfsfª\Iff /fv]sf lyof}F la; tn], klRr; tn], krf; tn];Dd /RofF} ltdLn] e}mF 6fF;s ] f kv]6fdf p8]/ xf]Og cfˆg} k/fj|mdsf] kmn lah'nL e¥ofªdf r9\b} ;// tn emg{] ;//=== dfly k'Ug] x] Osf/; ltdL slt d"v{ lyof} dfly dfly w]/} dfly d]/f] uugr'DaLsf] krf;f}F tnfaf6 x]bf{
tnsf] ;+;f/ ltld{/ ltld{/ x'GYof] tn sldnfsf tfFtL 3l;|Gy], km6\ofª\uf| plk|mGy], k'tnL p8\y] s]xL /ª\uLg 8Nn] ls/f klg t}l/Gy] dfly sqf] ljho efj lyof] krf; tnfdfly dfly pFef] kms{/] b]ptf;Fu ;+jfb ug{ ;lsPnf h:tf] /flt h'g nfu]sf] j]nf Tof] klg ;Dej lyof] ToxLFaf6 Osf/;nfO{ lwSsfb{} lyPF ltdL slt d"v{ /x]5f} x] Osf/; lsg d]/f] e}mF uugr'DaL /r]gf} hxfFaf6 tn hldgdf 3l;|gx] ? t'R5 hLjx? b]lvG5g\\ w'nf] / w'jfFdf n6kl6Psf b]lvG5g\\ c¿sf 3fd 5]lnP/ oxL uugr'DaLdf atf; 7f]lsP/, b[Zo 6flnP/ tnsfx? lgTo k/flht 5g\\ d]/f] uugr'DaLn] pTkGg u/]sf] cb[Zo / ljho efj, To;sf] cfgGbdf /dfO /x]sf] lyPF d sljtf ÷ 23
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x] dflns, xfd|f 3/sf] 3fd 5]lnof] xfjf atf; / k|sfz 5]lnof] ptfsf b[Zo Wjlg ;a} 5]lnP oL O{Zj/sf lgMz'Ns pkxf/ t/=== of] xfO /fOh ag]kl5 s] eP Û xh'/sf] uugr'DaLn] s] u¥of] < tnsfx?n] dlng :j/df af]n] l;/fg tnfaf6} k|To'Tt/df d af]nF] jL/ ef]Uof a;'Gw/f To;} j]nf, l7s To;} j]nf d]/f] z/L/ y//{ y//{ sfDof] dfly rGb|flul/ klg gfr]em} F ub{5 } gfufh{g' klg To:t} b]V5' l7s To;} j]nf pgn] ;f]lwg\ e"sDk h:tf] ;f/f sfDb} 5 of] s] xf]nf xh'/ Û ls d]/f] l/Fu6f dfq xf] < k|To'Tt/df d af]n—F] oL z/L/df a'n6] k'k| m Hofs]6 5g\\ dfofn' ltdL g8/fpm To;/L e"sDksf] s] s'/f sfnl;t klg Psl5g t kfF7} h ] f]/L v]lnG5 l7s To;} j]nf y//{ sfDof] nrs nrs l;/fg tnfdf d yrSs} a;]F 3l;|bF } lyPF Plne]6/sf] 5]jd} f k'us ] f] dfq lyPF ‰ofk} lah'nL uof] / ;a};a} rsgfr"/ eof] x] Osf/;, ltdL tf PSn} d¥of} dWofXgsf] lr;f] ;d'bL| lsgf/fdf 24 ÷ sljtf
5Knfª\u cfafh dfq ;'g] ;a}n] 8fF8faf6 e'u| n ] n]@ ltdL 8'as ] f] klg b]v] / t cfsfzaf6 Osf/;sf] ktg lrq n]v] dWofXgsf] tftf] 3fddf ltdL To;/L d}gn] 6fF;s ] f kv]6f kUn]/ em¥of} d klg ;fob, To;} u/L em/]F d]/f O{iof{, å]if / bDen] 7l8Psf] uugr'DaL ;gg ;gg ;gg== xlNnof] dlRrof] b'?/{ b'/?{ u¥of], uugr'DaLsf] 6'Kkf] nrs nrs hldgdf 5f]nf e}mF uYof{] To;} j]nf r// r/s, r¥ofs r'?s s¥ofSs 8\ofDd} u¥of] uugr'DaLsf tnfx? Psdfly csf{] vlK6P/ v;] / e'OdF f ahfl/P 8\ofDd y'???== b;} lbzf slDkt eP ltdL PSn} lyof} Osf/; dWofXgdf ltdL v;]sf] ;a}n] b]v] t/ d xhf/f};F uF lyPF ;a} p8] h:tf eP, uugr'DaL lrl/Fb} km'6t\ ,} wl:;Fb} uof] ;f/f To:t} cftª\sdf lyP d hldgdf v;]sf] ;fob s;}n] b]vg] c¿ ;of}F ;of}F d]/fx? uugr'DaL leq} k'l/P s;}n] b]vg] xf]nf x] Osf/; Û d of] w'nf] df6f]n] k'l/Psf] 5', 58, OF6f, lad, 9nfgn] 5f]lkPsf] 5'
ltdL sxfF 5\of} x] hLjg ;ª\lugL Û< afn'jf / l;d]G6Lsf] kj{t slt ux|f,F} d]/f] a'n6] k|k' m klg r]lK6of] ls Sof xf] Û ltdL To;kl5 sxfF s] eof} yfxf 5}g| d t eUgfjz]if leqaf6 af]Nb} 5' cfh dlxgf lbg k'Uof] t/ s;}n] eUgfjz]if vf];g|]
d oxL 8ª\u/' leqsf] lrxfgdf 5' clnslt j|mf]wsf] 5ftf cf]9s ] f] lyPF e|flGt lj>fd sf]7fdf cxª\sf/sf] ;j{t lkpFb} lyPF a'n6] k|k' m Hofs]6 klg lyof] t/ s]xLn] gyfDbf] /x]5 d vfln hldgd} ljgfxnrn k;fl/Psf] 5' To; j]nfb]lv g} d lgik|f0f 5' .
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Osf/; (Icarus) lu|;]nL ldys k'/f0fdf 8Øf8fn; k'q . 8Øf8n;nfO{ lj|m6sf /fh ldgf];n] 8Øf8fn;sf] cfˆg} cflj:sf/ Ps ljzfn e'ne'n}of rqmJo"xleq y'g]sf lyP . t/ tL dxfg\ lzNkL sf/fu[xdf cl8Pgg\† kv]6f agfP/ afa'5f]/} p8] . w]/} tn gp8\g" 5f]/f, ;d'b|sf] cf];n] kv]6f grNg] x'G5g\, w]/} dfly gp8\g" 5f]/f, k"j{sf] tfkn] kv]6f klUnG5g\ eg]sf] lyof] t/ p;n] lktfsf] jf0fLsf] cj1f u¥of] / dfly cfsfzaf6 p8\bfp8\b} Osf/; tn em¥of]† kv]6f klUn ;s]sf lyP† dWofXgsf] ;do lyof] . 5KNofª\u ;d'b|df em¥of] . To;}df cfwfl/t cg]s snfs[lt 5g\, To;}df cfwfl/t e'|u]nsf] k]lG6ª 5, Landscape with the Fall of Icarus zLif{s . To;}df cfwfl/t ljlnod Sofnf]{; ljlnoD;sf] sljtf 5— Landscape with the Fall of
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e'|u]n !^ cf}F ztfAbLsf 8r k]G6/ . dxfg\ snfsf/ lk6/ a'|u]n h;n] !%^) df /r]sf] Osf/;sf] ktgsf] k]lG6ª ljZj k|l;4 5† h'g s[lt c¿ cg]s s[ltsf] k|/] s 5 .
Icarus.
sljtf ÷ 25
Oltxf;, ;Ttf / b]z hª\u kxf8L s';L{ efFr/] lksf{ agfpF5' d vf];f{gL lk;]/ w'nf] agfpF5' d dfG5] df;]/ afFb/ agfpF5' d ljj]s df;]/ Pp6f tf08j b]vfpF5' d 7fG5', d 5'66\ } k|sf/sf] j}1flgs x'g] ePF d em'Sb} gem'Sg] g]kfnLsf] 5f]/f] jL/ uf]vf{nLsf] 5f]/f] lxhf] /ft g;'tL hfuf a:g]x? dfly p;sf] zfnLgtfb]lv 8:g]x? ljrf/, ;[hgfsf] n8fOF gn8L xnf] sf6L d'ªu\ f| ] agfpg]x? ;fob, kxf8 b]Vg] lalTts} gfs 7f]lsG5 ;Dd d}bfg b]Vg] lalTts} cfFvf rlDsG5 Hofg lbg] / lng] lalTts} ljrf/ aGb}g cfsfz a]Rof} tf/f s;}n] uGb}g d}bfg au/ aGof] ca xfd|f] cfˆgf] 3/ aGb}g ¿v r9, xfFuf xNnfpm t/ ?v 9Nb}g ;"o{ 5]s, /f]s xTs]nfn] /f]s/] /f]lsGg Oltxf; oxL wtL{df hlGdP/ ;+;f/ abNg]x? cFuf/ vfP/ cfuf] cf]sNg]x? lgi7fdfly, ljrf/dfly cl8P/ /dfpg]x? 26 ÷ sljtf
h;n] pHofnf] 5¥of], /ª e¥of] tL t cd/ ;lxb ag] :jl0f{d cIf/df gfd n]lvof] pg}sf] gfddf ;flns algof] t/ ltdL, g8'Ag' lyof] kfgL 8'ak] l5 lxF8g\ } k5{ dg nfu] gnfu] klg agfO s5'jfsf] ult bf}8sf] lgod xf], lgod x'G5 kfngf u/ 3/L 3/L lht dfq x'bF g} ;w}F xf/ klg x'G5 :jLsf/ ljrf/ u/L u/L b]z Û bz}bzf b]zel/ d';f s'b5 \ g\ k]6el/ cfFvf /;fP af]nL efl:;of] af]Nbf 3/L 3/L cfafh ;'Gof], lrRofx6 ;'Gof], ;Ggf6f 5fof] k/]jf kG5L p8\of] 5fgf jl/kl/ ;+;f/n] x]¥of] /ldtf, sf]xL lrGtfn] /f]of] l5d]sLn] x]¥of], ;'Gof] ;'g] klg ;'gs ] f] g;'Go} eof] af]Nof] ljrf/ u/L u/L ljrf/ u/L u/L .
jt{dfgsf] lj8Dagf / eljiosf] ;kgf hoGtL :kGbg a;f}{+b]lv b]z sd{zLnx?sf] d"No;Fu klxrfgsf] vf]hLdf nf]slk|otf xfl;n ug{ pb\bt 5 . ;do ;fk]Iftf cg'sn ' ÷k|lts'n bf];fFwdf 56\k6fpFb} hLjg rj|mx?df ef}tfFl/O /x]5 . 5'§} klxrfgsf] v]n v]Nb} ;dosf] s73/fdf pleP/ Pstdf;sf] ;ªsf]rsf] v]tL ug{ l8n s'//] a:g] Ps x'n as'Nnfx? j|mf]lgs l8lhh e}mF b]zs} vf6f pSsfO /x]5g\\ lg/Gt/—lg/Gt/ .
h]df vfof] ToxLF cf]sN] g' slTtsf] a'l4dtf x'G5 < cfˆgf ljjz cl:tTj a]r/] lhGbuLsf :jl0f{d kfgf RofTb} ;do ;Fu} df]ndf]nfO{ ub}{ cfˆgf cfdfsf] gfpFdf kf}7] hf]/L v]Ng < P ;Da4 sd{zLnx? xf] Û ;'b9[ ;ª\sNk af]s/] lbuf] ljZjf; t'g/] ;fsf/ eljio agfpg] ;kgfdf dfgjLo c;n rfxgf cg'¿k kn kn al9 /x"F . zfGt, l:gUw dg dl:tisdf b]zdf eljio lrGtgx? el/pmg\ ;b}j x[bosf cGt/ s'Gt/df af}låstfsf esf/Lx?df ;[hgzLn ltd|f xftx?df .
sljtf ÷ 27
lzjTj /f]lh /x]5 dg t]h k|sfz >]i7 Pp6f laDa af]ss ] f] /ft :jlKgn cfFvfn] kl/lwleq h]lnPsf] cf:yfsf] kvf{n lg/k]Iftfsf] k|xf/n] eTsg vf]hs ] f] b]Vbf sfutLe}mF lgrf]l/G5 d]/f] dg . lg/k]Iftfsf] zª\v3f]if cf:yf kl/jt{gsf] xf]8afhL nf]e / nfnrsf] la:s'g 5tf5'Nn afFl8Psf] j]nf a's;{' L dfg{ vf]H5 dg d[usf kf7fx? e}mF 5nfª nufpg vf]H5 dg lrt'jfsf] nDsfO e}mF a'4, dxDdb / oz'df ?dlNng vf]H5 dg .
28 ÷ sljtf
t/ cf:yf uHhasf] lhlg; x'bF f] /x]5 s's/' sf] k'R5/ h:t} af/ jif{ 9'ªu\ f| d] f sf]Rbf klg afª\ufsf] afª\u} k]ml/g dfGb}g /lTte/ cf:yfdf clNemPsf] dg . g otf rNg dfG5 g ptf xNng dfG5 lnª\u] lkªsf] a6fl/Psf] n7f/f] e}mF cfˆg} cf:yf, cfˆg} ljZjf;df sl;G5 a? dg Û alnof] 5 cf:yfsf] kvf{n eTsg ;Sb}g sbflk c¿sf] nx}nx}df /t a|XdTj vf]lh /x]5 d]/f] dg Û lzjTj /f]lh /x]5 d]/f] dg ÛÛ
aGbstf{sf] cfXjfg lbg]z clwsf/L 3/ aflx/ xfdL c:ktfn / :s"n vf]Ng lbFbg} f}F df]6/ u'8g\ / xjfOhxfh p8\g lb+bg} f}F pb\of]u, sn sf/vfgf, k;n / /]:6'/G] 6 aGb u5f}+{ vfg]kfgL / ljb\ot' \ cfk"lt{ /f}S5f}F 6fo/ t afN5f}F g} lar ;8sdf /, dg nfUbf] gf/fafhL klg u5f}+{ lj/f]wdf sf]xL plqP lglZrt 5— ltgLx?sf] vKk/ kmf]5f}F{ of] kljq sfdsf nflu cfpg' xf];\ Û xfdLnfO{ ;fy lbg' xf];\ Û xfdL tkfO{n + fO{ cfXjfg u5f}+{ Û 3/leq ;'/lIft 5' eg]/ a]jf:tf gug'{ xf]nf of] aGbnfO{ /, aGbsf] cjlwel/ tkfO{+ cfˆgf] vfgkfg /f]Sg';,\ /f]Sg';\ Û 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ DjfOF vfg /f]Sg';,\ /f]uL / a'9fa'9Lsf] cf}ifwL ;]jg /f]Sg';,\
;'Ts]/L x'g /f]Sg';\ sfvsf] gfgLnfO{ cfdfsf] b'w /f]Sg';\ ;+jfb /f]Sg';,\ ;Def]u /f]Sg';\ k9\g, n]Vg / v]Ng klg alh{t 5 of] j]nf Û ljj]s 5 eGb}df — x'bF g} xfd|f] lj?b\wdf To;sf] k|of]u /f]Sg';,\ dfGg' ePg eg] tkfO{n + fO{ t 5f]8b\ g} f},F 5f]8b\ g} f}F xfdL tkfO{s + f] 3/ klg 89fpg ;S5f}F a]nd} f cfk"mnfO{ aaf{b x'gaf6 /f]Sg';\ a'‰g' eof] lg tkfO{n + ] aGbsf] cy{ / dxTTj oL ;a} sfds'/fx? xfdLn] tkfO{x+ ?s} lxtdf ul/ /fv]sf 5f}F of] Pp6f s'/f rflxF 9'ªu\ f s} cIf/df n]lv /fVg' eP x'G5 ;Ttfdf k'uk] l5 eg] xfdL cfk}m klg of] aGbsf] lj/f]wdf pqg] 5f}F Û
sljtf ÷ 29
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atg cg'/fu bLkf /fO{ k'g lsg cfpF5g\\ oL atf;x? d]/f] ufpFsf] ;Demgf lnP/ w'ldn lrq p3fb}{ t[i0ff ld7f] dgsf] lÔlth kfl/ ;kgf cf}nF fP/ dnfO{ ;'6S' s lxF8fPsf] ljjztfsf] uf]/6] f] cfkm} k5\ofpFb} ;w}F ofb lnP/
;kgfsf] Tof] lÔlth kfl/ k'uf];\ eGg] sfdgf x'g ;S5 rlDsPsf tf/fx? uf]/6] f]e/L cfP/ dWo/ftdf cfsfzaf6 l6k]/ v';L lbPYof] /ftnfO{ a]va/ agfO{ st} Pp6f cf]8f/ e]l6cf];\ lhGbuL gfdnfO{ cf]t lbg ;lscf];\
lem;ld;] laxfg} cfdfn] 6'sL afn]/ d"n 9f]sf cufl8 ;fOtsf] ufu|Ldf cfwfdf w]/} 55lNsPsf] hLjg cfFvfaf6 emf/]/ lbPsf] cfzLjf{b 9f]u/] af6f] nfu]sf] cFw/] f] /ft r'x/] ;lsg cufj} cfFugdf k|eftsf] ls/0f cfP/ dnfO{ vf]Hg cufj} k'vf{n] hLjge/ sdfP/ ydfPsf] Pp6f sd{7 ljZjf; ;fy} lnP/
lxFl8 /x]F cufl8 k5fl8 lÔlth gfKb} d k'Ug] e/f];fsf] lzv/ hLjgsf] clglZrt ofqfdf sxfF e]l6Fbf] /x]5 ;xh} /x/n] agfPsf] ;kgfsf] ;x/ a? cfkm};uF k5\ofP/ cfpFbf] /x]5 afNosfndf w'nf]df v]ns ] f] ofb a};F df ufPsf] n}a/L efsf cfˆg} efÈf e]ze"Èf ;+:s[lt cfk"m /dfpg] ;a} rf8af8x? clg cfdfn] gla;{g" x} eg]sf]
afbnx? xft xNnfO /x]Yof] OGb|0] fL d[b' d':sfg lrxfP/ 30 ÷ sljtf
pwf}nL / pef}nL hxfF k'u] klg cfkm};uF lxF8g\ ] /x]5 cfˆgf] ;+;f/ cfk"m PSnf] eg]/ s] ug'{ ckgTjsf] x'bF f] /x]5 le8ef8 sf]l/Psf 5g\\ ;Ldf/]vfx? km]l/ klg v'nf 5 dgsf] d}bfg hxfF pleP/ ljZj aGw'Tjsf] efjgf km}nfpg ;s"F k|To]s 7fpF, k|To]s dfG5] Pp6f ;dfh, Pp6f b]z d]6/] ;Ldf/]vf :jLsfg{ ;sF" cfkm} Pp6f b]z .
sljtf ÷ 31
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;kmn hLjg b'vL dfOnf u'nfa e}mF hLjg km'Ng' k5{ rd]nL e}mF dudu aGg' k5{ rl/q xf] hLjgsf] ;'uGw cfcf];\ ;w}F hLjgdf j;Gt . cfrf/ ltd|f] ltdL;Fu g} 5 ljrf/ uª\uf ltdLleq aU5 5 lhGbufgL a'em x} ck"0f{ ;'wf/ xf];,\ hLjg aG5 k"0f{ . czflGtdf hLjg dg{ ;S5 ;'zflGtdf hLjg km'n lvN5 vfg] s'/fdf ltdL xf]; /fv af]Nbf ;w}F s~rg zAb hf]v . xfdL ;a} ;Hhg aGg' k5{ prfOd} OHht /fVg' k5{ cfsfzsf rGb| / ;"o{ h:t} xfdL ;a} rlDsg' k5{ p:t} . k|of; d} hLjg xfFSg' k5{ xfdL ;a} sd{7 aGg' k5{ ;v], agf}F hLjgdf k|;Gg xfd|f] To;} hLjg laTg' x'Gg . 32 ÷ sljtf
clGtd jQmJo b]jsL clenfifL g/f]ks ] f xf]Ogf} ltdLn] d lxF8g\ ] k|To]s af6f]x?df ljiffn' nfk|m] sfF8fx? hnfPs} xf} cf:yfsf ;'Gb/ em'k8Lx? 9nfPs} xf} ;kgfsf cUnf w/f]x/x? clg y'gs ] } t xf} cfh;Dd ltd|f] cflbd h]nleq nfdf] cGt/fn kl5 ca o:tf] nflu /x]5 laxfgLsf] kfl/nf] 3fd d]/f] cFWof/f] efG;f sf]7f x'bF } lrl;Psf] tgdg 5f]P/ hfg]5 csf]{ rlDsnf] h'g lbP/ d aUg yfNb} 5' ca OGb|fjtL e}mF clj/n clj/n g5]s rf/}lt/ b'jfnL nufP/ k/ k/ hfpm lsgf/feGbf 6f9f d ;fpgsf] e]n eP/ pn]s { f] 5' lsg dnfO{ ;'lg /x"F nfUb}gg\ cr]n h'g tf/f emfg]{ ltd|f syfx?
dnfO{ k|l] dn nfUb}gg\ ;f]d/;n] n6\l7Psf sfd's cfFvfx? ha u[x k|jz ] x'G5 dWo /ftdf ltd|f] e"sDd h:t} qf;do nfU5 ;w}F lsg dnfO{ ltd|f] cfudg < 5}gg\ s'g} ld7f sNkgf ltd|f] afx'df sl:;P/ a;"F of t ltdL;Fu} lgbfpFm of :jl0f{d ;kgf b]vf}F tL ;a ;a kL8fsf cTof; nfUbf kxf8 gf3]/ ;dosf] s73/f 5]paf6 cfuf] cf]sln /x]5' d x]b{} hfpm ca d ¿kfGtl/t 8f]h/ eP/ cfpFb} 5' ltd|f cflbd l;dfgfx? eTsfpg ca ltdL cfpg' k5{ / b]vfpg' k5{ sxfF sxfF l5kfP/ /fv]sf 5f} gS;f ljgfsf cFWof/f dxnx? < ltdL x]/L dfq /fv sljtf ÷ 33
ltd|} cufl8 s;/L tf]8g\ ] 5' d ltd|f] bf;tfsf] 9f]sf /, s;/L agfpg] 5' km]l/ d]/} gofF a:tLdf ;kgfsf ;'Gb/ dxnx? ca dnfO{ :jLsfo{ x'bF g} z/L/el/sf gLn8fdx? g t :jLsfo{ g} 5 ltd|f] j}jflxs anfTsf/ d d]/f] klxrfg dfUg clGtd o'bw\ n8\b} 5' ltd|f] k|eT' j;Fu / ;'g clN6d]6d tf]Sb} 5' ltd|f] cGwf] ;TtfnfO{ .
34 ÷ sljtf
oL /ftx? wtL{rGb| ofqL emNofF:; lapFem]/ x]5{' lsg lsg dnfO{ jfSs nfU5 lbSs nfU5 oL /ftx?b]lv 56\kl6G5', ps';d'd;' x'G5' l;/s kmfN5' ‰ofnsf] aflx/L kmSNofF6f] vf]N5' hfnLaf6 lr;f] xfjf l55{ aflx/ nfdv'66\ x] ? e'ge'gfpF5g\ ;ª\uLt e}mF nfU5, dg zLtn kfb}{ ;f]Rg yfN5' lg/Gt/ lg/Gt/ slt lgb{oL 5g\ oL /ftx? slt s6\ld/f 5g\ slt cK7\of/f cldNbf, r's h:tf] /ftnfO{ h] h] eg]/ kl/efiff u/] klg d}n] latfPsf /ftx? ltg} x'g\ hxfF d}n] s}of}F /ftx? dgnfO{ zfGt kf/]/ latfPF s}of}F /ftx? cfkm}n] cfkm}nfO{ dgleqb]lv s}b u/]/ latfPF oL /ftx?sf] t s] s'/f u¿F d oL /ftx?;Fu} slt efj's ePF st} kfun e}mF lxF8] a:tL a:tL rxfb}{ kmls/ e}mF
lgTo lg/Gt/ ofqfdf dg tlNng ag]/ lxF8b\ f lxF8b\ } Pp6f ;'xfu/ft dgfPF === dgel/sf ;+jb] gfx? kf]vF] ;a} ;a} 5tf5'Nn u/fPF eGg} ufxf/f] slt s7f]/ lyPF xfd|f To; ;dosf /ftx? slt klg s'/f a'‰b}gy] slt klg s'/f dfGb}gy] uf]Ko clt uf]Ko ug{ vf]Hy] /ftx?n] leq leq} :jod\ lnnfdL ug{ rfxGy] t/ cfk"mnfO{ cln s7f]/ agfpFb} d oL /ftx?;Fu ljb|fx] ug{ rfxGy]F k|ltsf/ ug{ rfxGy]F lsgls oL /ftx?;Fu /Dg] g/Dg] t d]/f] klg t v';L xf] d dg v';L geOsg hah{:tL tgnfO{ ToxfF nfg rfxFbg} y],F tL c3f]/L cFw/] L sfn /ftx? lrRofO lrRofO dnfO{ sljtf ÷ 35
d]/f] df;' vfg cfpFy] dgleqb]lv kL8fsf hngx? pdfy]{ tL lgM;Gb]x lgb{oL s/fOdf e'l6g nfu]sf s'g} ef]hg e}m,F d e'l6g tof/ x'Gy]F t}klg clGtd;Dd d]/f] ljb|fx] 8/fO g} /x]sf] x'GYof] of] /ft cnlR5gL /ft cgfof; hlt ufnL u/] klg /ftsf] kl/efiff cw'/f] g} nfU5 / ;f]R5' dgdg} oL sfnhoL /ftx? lsg lsg df}g a:5g\ lsg dnfO{ 3R3RofO /xG5g\ d 5Ss k/]/ ;f]lr /xG5' st} oL /ftx?sf] xTof ePsf] 5}g st} oL /ftx?sf] anfTsf/ ePsf] 5}g st} oL /ftx?sf] cl:dtf n'l6Psf] 5}g oL / o:t} k|Zgx?n] ufFHbf ufFHb} /ftx?sf] 3g3f]/ hª\undf d x/fO /x]sf] x'G5' / cfˆgf] ljb|fx] sf] Hjfnf ltg} ha cfuGt's /ftx?nfO{ ;'lDkFb} labf lng vf]H5' .
36 ÷ sljtf
5f]/LnfO{ afsf] ;Daf]wg g/]Gb| s'df/ gu/sf]6L 5f]/L, lslg lbpFnf lg t]/f] ;kgf a]:df/L lrnfPsf] 5 bflxg] xTs]nf x'g ;Snf yk sdfO / vGg ;s'n F f ;kgfsf] uf]/6] f] Û lal;{ g;Sg' 5 t]/f] u'g RofFv] yfk]/} lhGbuL b'vsf] b]p8fdf lbg/ft ahfO;\ 5g\5 \ g\\ 5g\5 \ g\\ r'/fsf] ;ª\uLt t}n F ] ksfPsf] sf]bf]sf] h'g …efFuf]Úsf] crf/;Fu lgn]sf] :jfb of] rf/ cdnsf] lha|fd] f ;fob} d]l6Pnf :ofpsf] ltgkfg] lgsfNg kf]Vt t]/f xftx? slTt hfFul/nf, t]/} >dsf] z[ªu\ f/n] t wfg]sf] 5 xfd|f] lhGbuLsf] ;f}Gbo{ 3/ kmls{Psf r/fsf ayfg x]5{' / sNkG5' s'g s'gf;Dd k'u/] cfPsf xf]nfg\
oL r/fx? of;f{ vf]Hg uPsf] t]/f] bfh} eg] cfpnf gcfpnf nfU5, t}F t 5];\ Ps dfq e/f];f t}n F ] le/df em'lG8P/ 3fF; sf6\bf sf6\b} cf}n F f g} 7'GSofpFbf klg lrTt b'vfOg;\ / 3fd lapFlemg' cl3 g} b'x/] ufO{sf] b'w cfFugdf kf]lt;\ /ftf] df6f]n] 3fd lem;ld;]d} hfFtf];uF } kmgkmgL 3'ds ] f] t]/f] dgdf s]s] cfpFbf x'g\ t}n F ] :s'nsf] cfFug 6]Sg t kfOg;\ t/ klg ;'g\ 5f]/L Û df;L{ wfg pdfg{ t k9\g' kb}g{ lg Û vRr/n] 9f8df af]s/] } NofpF5 Ps k]6 ef]ssf] cf]vtL sljtf ÷ 37
k]6s} nflu t xf] of] ;f/f b'vsf] z[ª [ v \ nf afFRgs} nflu t xf] ;f;} /f]lsg] u/L psfnL cf]/fnL ug'{ k/]sf] v'kf{gL, gf:kftL / :ofp 6f]s/] } /dfPsL b]p8f gfr]/} x'ss {] L s:t'/Lsf] d"Nodf afFrs ] L 8fFkm]sf] ;f}Gbo{n] ;lhPsL d]/L 5f]/L, a8L dflnsf dfO{sf] s:;d vfP/ eG5'– tFnfO{ d ckf/ dfof u5'{ .
38 ÷ sljtf
w/x/f ;s'zn 5 gd{b]Zj/ k|wfg w/x/f cflv/ hldgs} lyof]=== r9\g] dft nfu]sfx?n] csfl;g vf]Hg] pGdfbLx?n] w/x/fdf prfOsf] xfjf e/], / w/x/f 78\ofP clg r9]=== v'a r9]=== w/x/fsf] prfO lsGt' lg/Lx lyof] === hlt;'s} pRr eP klg w/x/fsf] prfO oyfy{df
dfq r9\g] v'6l\ snfx? lyP r9\g] k|To]s kfOtnfd'lg w/x/fsf] prfO s'lNrGYof] === xf]lrGYof]=== crfgs dxfe"sDk cfof] w/x/fsf] xfjfbf/L prfO 9Nof]=== s'lNrg] v'6l\ snfx? eTs]=== cftª\lst ;an] eg] w/x/f lu¥of]=== x/fof]=== t/, d}n] eg] w/x/f ;s'zn 5=== pm t cfˆg} hldgdf kms]s { f] 5 cflv/, w/x/f t hldgs} xf] lg=== .
sljtf ÷ 39
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O{Zj/ 5}g gf/fo0f ltjf/L cfFv} cufl8 uNof{Dd 9Nof] w/x/f ToxfF o'un hf]8Lx? lyP plSnFb} ylst lhGbuLaf6 s]xL If0f d':sfg pdfg{ cfPsf afn aflnsfx? lyP plSnFb} hLjgdf w]/} s'/f 5g\\ plSng klxn] of] w/x/f t plSnpF eGb} dfgf}F hLjgsf] ;kgf a'Gg cfPsf=== s] ck/fw lyof] pgLx?sf] /, ;hfo kfP uNof{Dd 9Nof] w/x/f /, To;df k'l/P, efl;P, d/] cgGt ;kgfx? Û cgGt ;Defjgfx? Û Û xf], o; sf/0f O{Zj/ 5}g O{Zj/ ePsf] eP lg/fk/fwx?sf] Hofg lng] lyPg af/kfs k'/} ;vfk x'g] lyPg l;Gw' kfNrf]s Wj:t x'g] lyPg .
ot} sf7df8f},F nlnt k'/, eStk'/ hxfF hxfF sdhf]/ 3/ 5g\, ugL ugL ltgsf] ljgfz ug]{ lyPg O{Zj/ x'g] eP . ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 of] e'OrF fnf]sf] nlIft ;d"x ===< hxfF ul/ax? a:b 5g\\ h;sf 3/x? hL0f{l;0f{ 5g\\ cfˆgf] k'/fgf] ljkGg 3/nfO{ h;n] gofF kfg{ ;Sb}gg\ pgLx? x'g\ of] e'OrF fnf]sf] nlIft ;d"x Û To;}n] hf] dl/ /x]sf] 5 p;}nfO{ l;Wofpg] b]jtf x'g ;Sb}g=== o; sf/0f O{Zj/ 5}g .
40 ÷ sljtf
web source:www.khaasskhass.com
jgjf; gLnd sfsL{ lgxfl/sf Ps x'n 5fn tF5f8 d5f8 ub}{ :jfut u5{ ;'/jL/nfO{ o;} u/L x/]s labfsf] lbg ha k'U5 sf]gL cfONofG8 5]p vf]Hg cfkm}nfO{ 5fgf] r'lx /x]sf] 3/sf] lkF9Ldf a;]/ j[bw\ cfdfsf] cflzif lz/df l;pl/Psf] labfO x]b{} ;'Ts]/L lk|os + f] cfFvfdf gj lzz'sf] lgwf/df 6fF;s ] f] clGtd r'Dag ;DemgfnfO{ ld;fpg] u5{ pn]/{ lsgf/f e]6g\ cfpg] clg x/fpg] ;d'bL| 5fn;Fu /ftf] ;"on { ] ;d'bn | fO{ glgNbf;Dd afn'jfdf cfkm};uF cg;g al; /xG5 ;'/jL/ === pm al; /xG5 ;f]lw /xG5 lg?Ttl/t k|Zg cfˆg} x[bo;Fu === lxpFn] afn'jfdf ;]tf] Rofb/ la5\ofpFbf klg cfpg] u5{
;"os { f] e6\6Ldf afn'jf e'l6Fbf klg cfpF5 ;d'b| lrl;P/ a/km aGbf klg cfpF5 ;d'b| tfltFbf aflkFmbf klg cfpF5 lgTo lgTo cfpF5 x/]s labfsf] lbg cln k/ b]al]| t/ lgMj:q ;'ts ] L of}jgfdf p;sL lk|oª\sf b]Vg ;Sb}g b[Zo km]g'{ cl3 cfFvn} ] Ps k5\of}/L cf]9fO lbG5 ;'/jL/ of}jgfsf] z/L/df / nfdf] Zjf; lnG5 dfly cfsfzdf p8\g] hxfhn] g Nofpg ;s]sf] xf] p;sf] cfwL HofgnfO{ plt/ g t ofq' agfpg g} ;s]sf] 5 ;'/jL/nfO{ n}hfg ptflt/ Û cfh klg pm h:t} ofqL p;s} cfsfzdfly 8f]sf]e/L ;kgf eg{ pl8 /x]5g\\ ToxL ;kgfsf] l/Ttf] 8f]sf] la;fpg] 5g\\ s]xL a]/df st}lt/ sljtf ÷ 41
yfxf 5}g slxn] el/g] xf] r'lxg] 8f]sf] < ;'/jL/sf] ;kgf Û kSs} Dofgx6gsf] uug r'DaL ejg hqf] lyPg g ;d'b| e}mF km}lnPsf] g} sf]gL cfONofG8 5]psf] Ps'l/oddf kf}l8 /x]sf] aGbL kfgL 3f]8f h:t} ;'/jL/sf] dg O{= ;+jt\sf] gj cfudg;Fu slxNo} /Dg ;Sb}g e'n/] j}zfv PsnfO{ ;'/jL/nfO{ t lj|m;d;;Fu} a8fb;}F rflxPsf] 5 xnljgdf ufO{hfqf rflxG5
;'/jL/ Û slxn] O:6fRo' ckm lna6L{nfO{ ;u/dfyfsf] 6'Kkfdf plePsf] ;kgf b]V5 / ctflnFb} p7\5 ;'/jL/ Û slxn] ;d'bn| fO{ cGh'nLdf pefP/ s0ff{nLdf k'¥ofpF5 slxn] d]rL–sfnL NofP/ ;d'bd| f ld;fpF5 afn'jfdf o:t} o:t} b]V5 ;kgfdf ;'/jL/ ;'/jL/ eG5 ;d'b;| uF /fd t jgjf; rf}w jif{ uPsf lyP /] Û d}n] /fdsf] /]s8{ efFrs ] f] 5' /fdnfO{ t jgjf; bz/yn] k7fP /] Û t/ dnfO{ jgjf; s;n] k7fof] <
42 ÷ sljtf
web source:www.khaasskhass.com
g]kfn ;femf 3/ lgxfl/sf clwsf/L /ª\uLrª\uL /dfOnf] km'naf/L xfd|f] hfthflt efiffefifLsf] d]nldnfk /fd|f] r/L gfRg] oxL b]z, km'n xfF:5 oxLF ;femf b]z g]kfndf sdL 5}g s]xL . /fO{, lnDa", j}Zo ;'b| ;a} hgf oxfF jz'bj} s'6D' asd\ efjgf 5 hxfF Pstfdf ljZjf; 5 b]z xfd|f] ;femf hft wd{ ;+:s[lt of] /xf];\ ;w}F tfhf . ;fgf] 7'nf] tndfly oxfF sf]xL 5}g ;dfg 5f}F ;a} hgf e]befj 5}g ;To wd{ zflGt k|d] d"No 7'nf] egL g]kfnsf] ;]jf u5f}{ ;a} cfˆgf] 7fgL .
sljtf ÷ 43
xfp 8f]Ndf a'l4 df]Stfg xfp 8f]Ndf Û cl:t lxpF kmNg] j]nf z}nª ' u\ ] kfvfsf] hf8f]df l;pF l;pF / cf5'5' ub}{ rf}/Lsf] k'R5/ k5\ofpg] ltd|f] hf]jg ca n]sfnL of}jgn] kmj|mSs km'Nof] xf]Og < s'g} lbg d"n af6f]df g'gsf] ef/L af]s/] tf]Sdf 6]sfpFbf 5]js } f] /fgL jgd'lg xl/of] rf}/ / ljzfn vs{df rb}{ u/]sf] rf}/LufO{ e]8f / afv«fsf] ayfg kG5fP/ ltdLnfO{ k'nS' s x]/s ] f] lyPF abnfdf Ps ef/L nhfn' d':sfgn] 3'dleqsf] /ª\ud~rdf 3'D6f]n] cw/ n'sfpFbf v} ddf s]sf] ;fx; t/ª\lut eP s'lGg d}n] tdf]/sf] u8\lt/} u8\lt/ ;b'{ / ltGh'/s ] f] psfnf]df lgs}dfly g'gsf] ef/L psfn]5' 44 ÷ sljtf
xfp 8f]Ndf Û k|d] ;fx; xf] k|d] hLjg xf] 9fs/ la;fP/ uf]7sf] af;df /ft}el/, ;kg}el/ Ps y'uF f rd]nL d':s'/fO /Xof] Ps y'uF f n]sfnL of}jg 5ftLdf cfO /Xof] / t cfh hLjgsf] lhhLljÈfdf ds}sf] l98f], xl/of] l;:gf];uF sfF;] yfnsf] 5]pdf v';f{gLsf] 9]8L n8fP/ vfgfSkf, lrlDkmª / l6d'/sf] crf/n] SjfKNjfs SjfKNjfs vfFbf ;fFRr} hLjg 7'nf] vs{, d}bfg / rf}/sf] cg'et" u5f}{ km]l/ Ps k6s d}n] g'g af]Sg hfg' 5 km]l/ Ps k6s d}n] 9fs/ af]Sg hfg' 5 km]l/ Ps k6s
d}n] lÔlth sf6\g' 5 k/b]zL x'g' 5 ef]6 hfg' 5 t/ of] d]/f] klxrfg g;Dem kmlj{mFbf eGHofª kfl/af6 /ldt] rf}tf/Laf6 Ps nsf]{ ;]nf] d ufpFnf dw'/ ;]nf] Wjlg, k|ltWjlg x'bF } ltd|f] sfgdf k'Ubf d]/f] cfudgdf v';Ln] 6f]6f]nf, ;okqL, dvdnL / lbof] snz tof/ gu/ ca ;do ablnof] xfp 8f]Ndf Û uf]8f wf]P/ kfgL vfFbf dxfg\ x'g ;lsFbg} Oaf]nf ;g{ ;S5 Oaf]nf ;f/]/ /f]uL x'G5f} ls bf;Tj :jLsf/]/ dxfg\ < 6f]6f]nf / ;okqLsf] ;'uGw p;sf] cl:tTj xf] dvdnLsf] ;f}Gbo{tf p;sf] klxrfg xf] csf{sf] cl:tTj, klxrfxg / ;'Gb/tf
gi6 u/L l;Fuf/]sf] dfnf klxl/P/ dfG5] l;Fufl/g ;S5 / < t/ ;Ôd x'g' k5{ ;Ôd dfG5]n] cfˆgf] klxrfg c¿;Fu dfuL a:g' kb}g{ xfp 8f]Ndf Û of] j]nf ltdLnfO{ d}n] plxn] plxn]sf 5f]/L dfG5]nfO{ e}mF x]/F] eg] dnfO{ So'/Lsf] /]l8odn] ;/fK5 e'66\ f]sf] Tofun] ;/fK5 ;'sLsf] of]ubfg / lrGtgn] ;/fK5 To;}n] === xfp 8f]Ndf Û dnfO{ ef]sf] k]6 s;]/ k/d]Zj/sf] ¿kdf k"hf u/]/ xf]Og c;n hLjg ;fyLsf] ¿kdf k|d] u/ cflv/ l;ª\uf] cfsfz l;ª\uf] wtL{ ltd|f] cfwf d]/f] cfwf Û
sljtf ÷ 45
OR5f eSt/fh Gof}kfg] phf8 au/ h:tf dgx? uLt / no ljxLg sf]/; w'gx? pb\bZ] o, k|of]hgljxLg clj/fd ofqfx? /f]lsg' k5{, /f]lsg} k5{ ca gq s;/L hLjgsf lg/; af/Lx?df lgw{Ss x'sg{ ;Snfg\ lhhLljiffsf a]gf{x? < Pp6} ldof] jl/kl/ 3'ld /x]sf xfd|f k'/ftg af]nL / cfbz{ cIf/sf lrGtg / z}nL ca ult abNg' k5{ xfjfsf j]ux?, gbLsf axfjx? kfxfl/nf 3fd :kz{ / df6f]sf] ;'jf; lbgsf uGtLx?, lg:tAw /ft laDasf] kvf{nleq c;'/lIft, cf:yfsf] z/L/ ca tf]8/] aGwgsf] ;Ldf cfpg} k5{ abnfjsf] of] v'nf /fhdfu{df ;flns h:tf] xf]Ogf}F xfdL knkn km]l/O /xg] a;f{ts \ f df};d e}mF abln /xg] ljrf/sf l;dl;d]x?df kvflng' k5{ l;lgTt 6Nsg] u/L hLjgdf 6flS;Psf] WjfF;f] . 46 ÷ sljtf
;gftgL /f}/j / pTt/ cfw'lgs pGdfb larsf] zfnLg /fhdfu{df cy{x? e]l6g' k5{ dfG5] x'gs ' f] lj?b\w} lj?b\w lg0f{osf] ;lGw x'g' klg 5}g vfln kljq ;+jl] bt dgx? kl;gfn] chf{Kb} ;ª\sNksf] al;nf ;[hgfn] s'bF /] hLjg 36\6 pEofpg' 5 cfbz{sf] nfddf x/kmsf] nfOg bu'b{} l8ssf] af6f] cIf/sf h'n;' lxFl8 ;s]sf 5g\ ltgsf 8f]a / :j/df hfu/0fsf] ;b\aLh 5l/Psf 5g\ b]jnx?df r]tgfsf km'nx? kmlj|m ;s]sf 5g\ ;b\efjsf laofF l6Kb} ztfAbLsf] of] rsdGg cfFugdf sf] ub}{ 5 s7f]/ df]nflxhf < hfu[ltsf] r'nLdf pleP/ x]/ Û pHHjn ;Defjgfsf a]gf{x? s;/L df}nfP/ xl/of] eO /x]5g\ <
s;/L rn]sf] 5 ;+;f/ hfGb}g sf]xL klg efUozfnL clwsf/L p8\5g\ afkm / lxGb ;fu/ la;] cfsfzdf Tof] uof] hD5g\ dfly k'u/] x'G5 cl;gf rL;f] x'g] s] eof] kfgL a"bF ptf em/] d';nsf wf/f ;dfg} cxf] Û r8\Sof] afbnleq x]/ lah'nL lemNsf crDd} 5 of] . kfgL k5{ hxfF lge] t w/tL cfuf] /xGgg\ st} jiff{aLr lbP/ hfG5 s;/L lemNsf atfcf] g x} df6f]df ha aLh k5{ p;sf xfFuf b'O{ lgl:sP of}6f dfly p7]/ cfpF5 a9L csf]{ tn} km}lnP . pd|s ] f] clg x'G5 aLh xl/of] k[YjL agfof] ;a} of}6f x'Gg s'g} r/fr/ oxfF sf]xL lg tTjf] ge} 9'ªu\ f kmf]/ t leq x]/ p;sf /]vf dxf rqm 5g\ ltGsf leq k;]/ sf] 5 s;/L sNn] ToxfF sf]b5 { g\ . of}6f of] 5 ljlrq x]/ b'lgofF o:tf cgf}7f slt km]nf kfg{ ;lsGg leq slt 5g\ vf]h/] x]bf{ hlt nfPsf] cg'dfg x'G5 ;an] cfcfˆg' of}6f ToxfF ;S5g\ sf] 5 sxfF atfpg ;a} hfg]/ sNn] oxfF . s:tf] of] 5 ckf/ x]/ dlxdf of] ;[li6sf] sNkgf dfG5]n] hlt sf]l;;} ul/ oxfF sq} u/f];\ jGbgf cfof] sDk hxfF s'g} avtdf xlNnG5 k[YjL clg xNn]sf] lsg xf] t sf/0f 5 s] hfGb}g sf]xL klg . sljtf ÷ 47
dgsf] ‰ofn h'7f] kf/L hfg] h'g eLd bfxfn 3/ / dg b'a} 5lnPsf] x'bF f slxn] h'gn] L /ft cfpF5 / slxn] hfG5 yfxf x'bF g} dnfO{ . cfpFbf] xf] Ps d'77\ L h'g d]/f] lv8\sLdf slxn] sfxLF dgdf kmls{ cfpg] s'g} caf]nf / nlR5gsf] cfF;' yf]kf cWofo h:tf] . cfˆg} u[x:y ;'d;'DofP/ 6f]nfO /x]sf g xf]nfg\ sf] kf] kmsL{ kmsL{ x]5{ / yfs]sf] 3fpsf] bfuleq hdfgfd} lgsf] ePsf] Joyf of] d]/f] a:tL To;/L rln cfPsf] 5 . Tof] syf Pp6f dSsfPsf] cª\uj:q ag]/ s'g} s'gfdf /f]O /xnf o'u o'ufGt /f]O /xf];\ . t/ lsg xf] cfh km]l/ dnfO{ h'gn] L /ft ofb ePsf] 5 . o:tf] nfU5 ;D‰of] ls t d]/f] dg laufg]{ h'gsf]
48 ÷ sljtf
Ps d'67\ L 6xs km]l/ d]/f] cFWof/f] 3/sf] lv8\sL 5f]P/ d'v h'7f] kf/L hfg]5 . tfklg dg g} xg]{ nf]nfPsf] ld7f] cfh dl;t s]xL ysfj6 5 . clns uLt ;'lg /fvf}F dgsf] afn'jfdf cfzfsf] clnslt kfgL xfln /fvf}F Ps cgGt ;kf6 z"Go ;dodf st} ToxfF pd|L kf] xfN5 ls lg7'/Lx?sf] dg lg7'/L dg, afn'jf dg . xf];\ ca elGbg' g} knf{ cf], k/]nLaf6 eflu hfg]x? ca ptf glaemfpg" s;}sf] cfFvfdf p:t/L, dWo/ftlt/ 3fp grx¥ofpg" s;}sf] ;kf6 Psnf; z"GotfnfO{ ltdLx?n] zAb glbg", uLt glbg" ‰ofnsf] h"g;Fu n'ls lxF8g\ n] ] sxfF ufpg ;S5 ltdLx?sf] lg7"/L uLt, ;Sb}g .
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50 ÷ sljtf
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sljtf ÷ 53
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54 ÷ sljtf
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sljtf ÷ 57
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60 ÷ sljtf
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sljtf ÷ 61
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62 ÷ sljtf
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e"tsfn syf eGg' jt{dfg 5 gf6s cfVofgsf] ;+/rgf hxfF gf6s ule{t lhGbuL Pp6f ls:;f So} oyfy{ / sNkgf s]xL eGg' ;'Gg' klg ldnfO{ l;lN;nf cln s}n] xfF;F" k]6 ldrL s}n] /f]pmF ls lgem{/L slt ;'Gg' slt k9\g' lkpFm slt syf/; syf ;l/t\ ;fu/ xf] cfsNk kf}l8pFm;l/ syf xf] /rgfjfu rfv]F s6' dw' b'a} h] elgG5 lhGbuLsf] af/]df 36gf u'yF L Tof] sYo xf] 5fFl6Psf] oyfy{ sNkgf kn syf xf] lhGbuL 5fF6b\ } So} sYg' clg eGg' g} syf To:tf] syg xf] hf] ;'Gbf lk|o xf];\ ;wF} slt oyfy{ cfVofg h:t} g} sNkgfdo cfVofgsf] sfNklgsL oyfy{ hlts} sxLF syf o} ;fFwsf] ;[li6 So} ef]ufO / sNkgf sYo eGg] zlStzfnL afGsL sygsf}zn syf aofg xf] ;fgf] demf}nf of a[xt\ klg lhGbuL b[Zo /rgf sf]xL ub{5 j0f{g ;+jfb / dgf]jfb ue{df gf6sLotf of] xf] syg cfVofg of] jf Tof] b[li6laGb'df 36gfsf] tf/tDo :y"n ;"Id a'gf]6df hf]gL{ ck|ToIf sxLF sl;nf] v'sn ' f] hxfF tf]8b\ } hf]8b\ } sygn] cg'qmd / z[ªv \ nf syf sygsf] l;k g k'i6 g t IfL0f g} k}n] bGTosyf rNy] Kof/f k'/fsyf klg ls t gLltsyf 8'Ny] ltn:dL klg So} syf
dxfsyfleq ;fgf plgg] slt x'g\ syf ca 5f]6f syf Kof/f pkGof; a[xt\ syf 7]Ssf oyfy{sf] tf]8L 5 3':bf] :j}/ sNkgf 3';/] lhGbuL :jf6\6 ls tdf;f eof] syf syf / lhGbuLlar e]b/]vf sd} eof] syf kftlnFb} hfFbf csyf So} cd"t{ ef] PsflGjlt sxfF vf]Hg' sxfF ;+/rgf /; syf eof] lhGbuL e}mF ax' xfFuf ax' :j/ sljtfsf] st} em:sf] st} lyRof] ljrf/n] lhGbuLs} ljlgdf{0f ljb|k' So} syf eof] sf]xL eG5g\ lhGbuLsf] ?g' xfF:g' syf t xf] k'mtL{kmftL{ xf:o;Fu} slt s?0f j|mGbg P]gf ;+;f/ x]g{] of] ‰ofn xf] klg eGb5g\ lhGbuL sNkgf lvKg] 36gfsf] a'gf]6 hf] syf xf] sYo 3'D6Ldf cf]9L sygsf] snf dd{:kzL x'g k'uf];\ hf] /f]rs / /Do xf];\ lhGbuL So} syf h:tf] sfo{sf/0f ;fOgf] 5\ofGgAofGg 5 s]xL of] csyf 5/k:6 e}mF bDktL e}mF jfs\ / cy{ b'Os { f] v]n jfª\do dftf lktf hut\sf oL kfj{tL k/d]Zj/ dxfslj sflnbf; ;f]R5g\ bfDkTo of]u of] sxfF sYo sygsf] e]b/]vf lvr"F d x] s;/L elgof] ¿k j:t' h] elgof] ToxL sxfF j:t' sxfF ¿k sxfF syf ljefhg oL x}gg\ Ps l;Ssfs} b'O{ kf6fx? klg g j:t' g t ¿k} g} syf cd/ ;[hgf sljtf ÷ 63
¿kd} j:t' lelqG5 ¿k ;+/rgf syf sxfF sYo syf¿k af]jm| f] u'bL sxfF k[ys\ s];f| 5'66\ o\ fpFb} hfFbf km'n eGg' /Xof] sxfF Kofh 5f]8fpFb} hfFbf cGtj{:t' /Xof] sxfF dg'io af]Ng] k|f0fL xf] eG5 ;'G5 syfx? syf ;'Gg' hLjg xf] syf ;lsg' d[To' xf] cfVofg lhGbuL cfkm} cfVofgzLn ;+:s[lt ;Eotfsf] x'G5 d[To' cfVofg} g/x]kl5 nfU5 of}6f syf h:tf] afFlrof] h'g lhGbuL ;Tt/L jif{sf] ofqf cfˆg} nfUof] dxfsyf syf slt :jod\ leq} wgL x] :d[ltsf]if 5 n]vF" Sof/] cfTdsyf h] h:tf] h;/L lhPF k|To]s lhGbuL eGg' :jod\ xf] Pp6f syf eg]/ h'g l;b\lwGg ;x;| /hgLel/ lhGbuL xf] dxfsfJo la;{b+ f klg z]if hf] s;/L xf] syf eGg' /r"F cfTdsyf ls d .
64 ÷ sljtf
dft[el" dsf] sfG5f] 5f]/f] ljdn ef}sfhL d]/f] s'g} b]z 5}g, d ljgfb]zsf] 5f]/f] d;Fu /fHo /hf}6fsf] Ps c+z klg 5}g dfq, d]/f] ;kgf 5 ;kgfsf] Pp6f /fhwfgL 5 hxfF, ;d|f6, ;fd|f1Lsf] s'g} kbjL 5}g dfgj lgld{t cGo kbnf]nk' tf klg 5}g . t/ 5, d;Fu Pp6f ;j{>i] 7tf 5, s]an, ToxfF dfG5] 5 /, dfG5]jfbLtfsf] kb 5, :jk|bTt kb, d sfG5f] 5f]/f] cfzo hfx]/ ug{ rfxG5' :jlgld{t, d]/f] clek|fo k[YjL d d]/f] dft[el" dsf] 3f]if0ff ug{ rfxG5', o; cy{df d /fi6«bf| x] L, k[YjLjfbLsf] cy{df x'g ;s"nF f d df6f]bf| x] L, /fhgLlts e"v08sf] lj?b\wdf x'g ;s"nF f dnfO{, dfglrqsf] ljeflht ;Ldf/]vfk|lt /lTte/ ljZjf; 5}g÷;/f]sf/ 5}g
d}n] ;d]6s ] f] k[YjL ;Dk"0f{ Pp6} hut\, dft[el" d hf], d]/L cfdfsf] csf]{ kl/is[t gfd xf] . 5f]/f x'gs ' f] gftfdf d rfxG5' pgL;Fu c+zaG8fsf] bfaL u¿F, d cfafh p7fpg] sf]l;; ul/ /x]5' pgsf k[ys\ k[ys\ 5f]/fx?sf] lj/f]wdf, o; sf/0f ls k[ys\ 5f]/fx?n] afF8s ] f k[ys\ emG8fx? k[YjL ;'xfpFbf 5}gg\, To;f] t k[YjL :j¿ksf] emG8f d}n] b]vs ] f] klg 5}g . d]/f] ;kgfsf] /fhwfgLdf t/ d}n] dfG5] x'gs ' f] Pp6f emG8f kmx/fO ;s]sf] 5' emG8f hf] d]/f] cf:yfsf] /ª h:tf] 5 cfsf/ ljZjf;n] ;d]l6Psf] 5 ToxL cf:yf / ToxL ljZjf;sf] tfTko{ sljtf ÷ 65
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d]/f] df6f] xf] df6f]eGbf 7'nf] efjgf clxn] sxfF 5 < t;y{ d}n] df6f]nfO{ O{Zj/ k'Hg] u/]sf] 5' o; sf/0f klg ls eujfg\nfO{ efuaG8f ug{ ;lsGg . df6f]dfly :jb]zL / ljb]zLsf kvf{n prfNg] P, dfG5] / dfG5]sf ;Gtfgx? Û of] df6f]df b]zjfbL hGdfpg] hdsf]{ gu/, k[YjLdf b]z pEofpg] r]i6f gu/ Û
66 ÷ sljtf
cfˆgf] efUo cfk}m n]V5' ljjz ct[KtofqL d ha :jR5Gb v]Ng vf]H5' k|sl[ t;Fu r/f e}mF lr/la/fO{ p8\g vf]H5' afaf sfg ;dft]/ k9\g nufpg' x'G5 cfdf k9]/ 7'nf] dfG5] aGg' k5{ eGg' x'G5 8fS6/ OlGhlgo/sf] pbfx/0f lbP/ l5d]sLsf] s'/f u/]/ To:t} x'g' k5{ eGg' x'G5 t/ d v]Ng rfxG5' k|sl[ t;Fu pk|mg rfxG5' :jR5Gb k|fs[t hLjh:t} ;a} /f]S5g\, 5]S5g\ d]/f] cfsfª\Iff lsg s;}n] ;f]Wb}gg\ d]/f OR5f rfxgfx? dnfO{ tgfa eof] dnfO{ w]/} g} ps';d's;' eof] 7'nfx?n] cfzLjf{b lbFbf lsg 7'nf] aGg' k5{ eG5g\ u'?n] 3f]sfpFbf lsg wgL / 7'nfsf] pbfx/0f lbG5g\ lsg lan u]6;\ / cf]afdfsf] pbfx/0f lbG5g\ d ltg5s k5'{ lsg s;}n] dnfO{ /fd ag eGb}gg\ lsg s;}n] dnfO{ a'bw\ h:t} 1fgL ag eGb}gg\ lsg s;}n] dnfO{ c;n ag eg]/ eGb}gg\
lsg l;sfpFbg} g\ k|sl[ tsf] snf / ;'Gb/tfsf] cy{ dnfO{ tgfa eof] k6s k6s tgfa eof] lsg aGg' kg]{ d}n] 7'nf] dfG5] s;sf nflu aGg' k5{ d}n] 7"nf] dfG5] d]/f] ;fgf] dl:tis k8s]nf h:tf] eof] dnfO{ tgfa eof] d sfuhdf k/]jfsf] lrq sf]5{' afaf ufnfdf r8\sfP/ ufnL cf]sNg' x'G5 d cu]gfdf zflGt bLk afN5' cfdf xft em8\sf/]/ laRsfpg' x'G5 s;}n] lsg a'‰b}gg\ d]/f OR5fx? sf]xL s;}n] slxn] klg dnfO{ tgfa eof] d aGg rfxGgF 7'nf] dfG5] d c;n dfG5] aGg rfxG5' clg vf]H5' 7'nf] / ;fgf]lar km/s agfpF5' 5'66\ } kl/efiff d cfk}m n]V5' cfˆg} efUo lgwf/ kmf]//] sd{n] km'6fP/ cGw dfgl;stfsf] r6\6fg d cfk}m n]V5' cfˆg} efUo . sljtf ÷ 67
ylst ;kgfs]f au/df ljjz kf]v/]n clj/fd dflg;sf n:s/ alu /x]sf Jo:t cfsfz] k'ndf df}g plePsf] 5' / x]l/ /x]5' cfk"m;Fu} 6fFl:;P/ cfPsf] lg/fzfsf] sfnf] 5fof / ;f]lr /x]5' sljtf of] Jo:t dxfgu/df a]/f]huf/ 5' / klg ck'u 5 ;do aU5' afbn h:tf], vf]nf h:tf] / ;dfpFbf ;dfpFb} k'mlTsPsf] lgi7'/L ;do h:tf] cfFvfx? 7f]lsG5g\ cIf/sf la:s'g eP/ 5l/Psf lj1fkgx?df, ;"rgfx?df lg/Gt/ ?‰5'– kfgLsf] j]un] xfg]sf] gbL 5]psf] 3fOt] 9'ªu\ f e}mF lgy|S' s b'V5'– cl;gfn] r'6s ] f] km'n e}mF ddf{xt ldl;G5', cfFvfdf pTslif{t ;kgf af]s/] psfnf] nfu]sf dfG5]sf h'n;' ;Fu} 68 ÷ sljtf
/ cgj/t em5'{ k/fhosf] b'vb\ cf]/fnf] htgn] af]ss ] f] k|flKtsf k|To]s vf]:6fx?df cfpF5 afa'sf] /ut / kl;gfsf] uGw gfKg ;lSbgF dfkgsf] s'g} t/fh'df cfdfsf 9'ªu\ L| , a'nfsL / ltnx/Lsf] d"No log} sfuhsf Psfw 6'jm| fx? af]s/] cfPsf] 5' ;Defljt of] dxfgu/df a"9f af / cfdfsf] ;ª\ux[ Lt ;kgf lsGg bf}l8 /x]5' lg/Gt/ lg/fzfsf] ;'?ªaf6 Pp6f pHofnf] ;do e]6g\ cefuL b'vL kxf8;Fu ;f6]sf] 5' Pp6f ;DkGg ;x/ hxfF wldnf 5g\ cfzfsf 3fd 3/L 3/L oL sfuhsf vf]:6faf6 km'Tt plk|mP/ efU5g\ v;L, afv«f, e]8f / Rofª\uf| x? 3/L 3/L pu|fpF5g\ ufO{ j:t'x?
clgolGqt x'bF } e'/{ p8\5g\ xfF;, s'v/' f / k/]jfx? ;d]65 \ ' / k9\5' 6fF83] /sf afF;e ] ¥ofª h:t} oL sfuhL vf]:6fsf v08 v08df sf]l/Psf ljljw k|fKtfª\s / cIf/x? / ef]U5' ;w}F ;w}F cf]/fnf] nfu]sf] ofqf / eofjx ;kgf sf]/Ng] sxfnL nfUbf] /ft ;DemG5', ;DejtM 3/L 3/L aHg] ‘ANofs PG8 XjfO6’ yf]qf] df]afOnsf ss{z ‘l/ª 6f]g’ ;Fu} eml:sFbf x'g\ ufpFdf a'9f af / a'9L cfdf / k|To]s em:sfO;Fu} b]Vbf x'g\ 5f]/f stf/, sf]l/of / dn]l;of p8]sf] ;'vb\ ;kgf .
sljtf ÷ 69
An]8 ljjz j:tL x/]s lbg sf6\5' d cfˆgf] bf¥xL wf/o'St An]8n] /, slxn] g/d g/d /]h/n] klg km';l{ bnf lbgx?df xf];\ jf, clt g} Jo:t lbgrof{af6 u'lh|Psf] If0fdf g} lsg gxf];\ d sf6\g] u5'{ cfˆg} bf¥xL, 5f]6f] kfg]{ 5' cf]7 9fSg] u/L df}nfO /x]sf] h'uF fnfO{ a]ˆjfFsdf lbgfg'lbg knfpg] bf¥xLnfO{ d cfˆgf] d'xf/af6 k"0f{tM lg:sflzt ug]{ 5' cxF Û d p;nfO{ cfˆgf] ;'Gb/ cg'xf/df sbflk rlDsg lbGgF s'g} lbg An]8sf] e"ldsf cToGt} zª\sf:kb x'G5 bf¥xL sf6\bf sf6\b} gdHhfn] /8\lsG5 /, 3fpsf] ;"qkft x'G5 If0fe/df g} knfpg yfN5g\ 70 ÷ sljtf
/utsf dl;gf yf]kfx? rx¥ofpg yfN5 cg]s kL8f 5b}{ b]lvG5 cg'xf/ k'/} ;f}Gbo{ ljd'v÷x/fpF5 p:t} u/L rds klg cg'xf/ tfl5Pkl5 s'g rflxF dflg; xfF:g ;S5 / < lx6n/, rfpr]:s', /]ug jf c¿ s'g} zf;sx? g} eg"F cg'xf/df lju|x lglDtPkl5 s;/L d':s'/fpg ;S5 < To;}n] t, d'dl{' /G5' d :t/xLg An]8 a]Rg]x?b]lv h;n], lxhf] dfq} yDofO lbPsf lyP d]/f] xftdf An]8 :t/Lo / l6sfpkgsf] lj1fkg u/]/ cr]n b]z / cfˆgf] cg'xf/ p:t} p:t} nfUg yfn]sf] 5 dnfO{ t/, b'j} x}/fg a];fpg afWo 5g\
htftt} :t/xLg An]8sf] rxnkxn b]v/] h;n] tfl5 /x]5g\– cg'xf/sf] tfhf tfhf rds An]8 lsGbf w]/} g} ;ts{ x'g5 ] ' d ca An]8 lsGg'cl3 xhf/f}F k6s ;f]Rg]5' d':sfgsf] pTklTt x'g] cg'xf/af6 /utsf yf]kfx? knfPsf] dnfO{ ;Xo x'g] 5}g ca s'g} klg If0f, /, ;Vt 3[0ff ug]5 { ' :t/xLg An]8nfO{ /, tGdotfk"js { hf]ufpg]lt/ nfUg] 5' s'g} klg lx;fan] cfˆgf] cg'xf/sf] /f}gstf .
sljtf ÷ 71
nfndfof / km'ndfof j}/fuL h]7f e'?? cfpF5] l;dn 8fnL ufpF5] uLtx? nfndfof / km'ndfofsf ledn r/L ;ª\uLt e5]{ l;?kft] v's/' L;Fu} d uf]n5]pnsf] n]sdf gflr /x]sf] x'G5' afGrf}/sf e~Hofªx? d'/nL ahfpF5g\ kxf8sf w'/f] xfF:5g\ k|r08 /fhfx? xfTtL ;"8F df xDkmfn]/ kmnfSb} sfld /x]5g\ l7ª\u plePsf] 5' lknsf]6 nfndfof / km'ndfof la;{g g;s]/ gfu dNn e}mF cf/f]xsf] uLt ufO /x]5' skmNn]sLdf d'v vf]Ng g;s]/ k|e;' Ttf lj?b\w gu/f ahfO /x]5' u08sLsf] lsgf/n] 72 ÷ sljtf
rfgxf]d e}mF p7fPsf] k|r08 /fhf eu];fpgsf] hfn v]ln /x]5 hgo'bw\ sf] gfpdf l5d]sLx? sfFrf] d'9f]nfO{ ;fFw nufP e}mF d]/f] b]znfO{ nufO /x]5g\ dfn]df kxf8 h:t} km}lnPsf d]/f h/f x'g\ km'nx? k'mln /x]5g\ cGofodf efu]Zj/ e}mF eflu /x]5g\ ls;fgsf 9f8 efFr/] ;Eotfsf] Oltxf;df cfuf] nufP/ kf]ln /x]5g\\ d'bf{ e}mF lz/ em'sfP/ dfUg] 5}g rf/f] ledn r/L a// emf5]{ cfF;' d krfpg ;lSbgF a]/f]huf/sf] l;F9L r9]/ pd]/ eml/ /x]5 uGtJo cf]/fnf] P]gf e}mF x]l/ /x]5'
l;b|f] 5fd]/ elg /x]5' eu];fpgn] dnfO{ 5f]Kg vf]H5 k|r08 cFug] f jl/kl/ ;]tLsf] lsgf/ d]/f] k}tfnf] lzv/x? d]/f lz/ x'g\ kxf8sf vf}nfx? d]/f gfeL x'g\ xft]dfnf] ub}{ 5g\ nfndfof / km'ndfofx? hLjg /ftf] d;Ldf rf]k/] kmf]sf kmf]sf eP/ pl7 /x]5g\ k|r08x?, j}bo\ x? kLtfDa/df cfuf] kf/]/ oGqaf6 lg:s]sf] cfuf]n] ls;fgx?sf] xf]d ul/ /x]5g\ 5'8fn / cd/ 36\6x] ? vfhf dflu /x]5g\
wtL{df km'Ng emf]nL yflk /x]5g\ ;fª\6L / a]tfnx? o'bw\ sf] vk{g af]s/] x/]s d}bfgx?df d pkl:ylt ePsf] 5' tNb]xL / km'n8Lx? syf ;'gfO /x]5g\ Zofd s'lb /xG5 d b'Anf] x'bF } uO /x]5' 5ftLdf ah|s ] f] 3gZofd ljzfn wtL{ /f]lh /x]5 ljrf/sf w'jfFx? uf]nb]pnsf] n]sdf 7f]lsO /x]5g\ d k|Zg ul/ /x]5' nfndfof / km'ndfofx?nfO{ ltdLx?n] af]ss ] f dfG5]x? vf]O <
sljtf ÷ 73
jg km'n zf]ef b'nfn d/]sfnfO{ lhpFbf dnfdL x'G5g\ lhpFb} d/]sfnfO{ s]sf] dnfdL < lrgf/L, x/fpF5 le8df jgkm'nnfO{ kfgL xfnL /fVg' kb}g{ sfF8f ltvfg]{ s'g} xltof/ 5}g kL8fsf dxf ;fu/af6 p7]sf 6fk'x?nfO{ t}/g] s'g} tflnd rflxFbg} cf]7x? aGb eP klg rf]6x? aNem]kl5 jgkm'nx? d/]sf 5}gg\ xf], jgkm'nx? d/]sf xNnf u/]/ rf}af6f]df la:s'g nufpg] slyt dfnLx? jgkm'n a'6d'lg s'lNrOFbf Tof}xf/ dfG5g\ jgkm'n dl/ ;s]sf]
74 ÷ sljtf
d'rN' sf p7fpF5g\ clg df]ntf]n u5{g\ jgkm'n t lslrP/ lylrP/ klg db}g{ gkTofP x]/, /fd|/L sfnfkfgLsf au/df ;':tf dx]z k'/sf 5ftLdf pld| /x]sf 5g\ jgkm'nx? csfl;Fbf] dxFuL / ef]sd/Lsf] aufn;Fu h'lw /x]sf 5g\ jgkm'nx? Pp6f cfFwLsf] kvf{Odf ;l~rt ub}{ 5g\ lemj|mfx? ltd|f] :ju{df, cfuf] emf]:g pm jgkm'n xf] p;sf] df};d cfpgf ;fy km'N5 ;fy km'N5 uf9f /ftf] k'mn .
oftgf lzlj/ ;ª\uLt cfofd d;Fu cgGt b'v} b'vsf kxf8x? 5g\ b'vnfO{ cfsif{s dfnf agfP/ ;fob, dfG5]sf] dlGb/df r9fpg ;lsFbg} d;Fu kL8} kL8fsf tfh dxnx? 5g\ kL8fnfO{ k|d] do agfP/ ;fob, dfG5]sf] dg kufNg ;lsFbg} . cfˆg} Ift ljIft kl/j]z;Fu} d k|foM r'krfk x'G5' dg xNsf kfg{ slxn] sfxLF PSn} PSn} ?G5' cfFvf cl3lNt/ cfP/ ;w}F d':s'/fpg] df};d dnfO{ :kz{ ub}{
d':s'/fpg hfGb} hfGb}g s'g} gf}nf] lrh k|fKt ubf{ v';Ln] pTt]lht x'g] If0f dnfO{ kfP/ slxNo} /dfpg g} dfGb}g . d k|foM b]Vg] u5'{ ;don] Ct'x?nfO{ ;'dw'/ uLt agfO ufpF5 t/ d]/f] uLt eg] ;dosf] c1ft ue{df g} st} lanfpF5 Oltxf; d]/} cl3lNt/ cf/f]x0f u/L sxLF k'Ug xtfl/P e}mF bu'5{ t/ d]/f] Oltxf; eg] oftgf lzlj/sf] pHofnf] e}mF ;'SF ;'sfpFb} 9N5 .
sljtf ÷ 75
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o;/L cfpF5 pm ;GWof kxf8L o;/L cfpF5 pm d]/f] glhs h;/L cfpF5 afbn kxf8sf] glhs clg p;}df ldl;G5 h;/L laxfg} cfpF5 3fd cfFugdf clg pHofnf] km}lnG5 h;/L zLtn k|sfz af]s/] cfsfzdf 8'ln /xG5 h'g kq}kq /x:o af]s/] au}rF fdf km'ln /xG5 km'n ha d p;sf cIf/x?;Fu nfl8g yfN5' k|d] n] :kz{ u5{' p;sf zAbx?nfO{ To;/L cfpF5 pm d]/f] glhs h;/L dlGb/sf 306;Fu} k/af6 u'lGhG5g\ r/fsf lr/la/x? h;/L dGq h:t} kl9G5g\ sljtfsf kª\lStx? t/ cfpFbg} pm To;/L slxNo} klg h;/L ljkt\ dfG5]sf] 3/;Dd cfpF5 dleqsf] cGwsf/nfO{ lrb}{ pm t To;/L cfpF5 d]/f] glhs h;/L ef]sfPsfx?;Dd cGg cfpF5 /f]ufPsfx?sf nflu cf}ifwL cfpF5 kL8fn] rfpl/Psf cf]7x?df k'gM d':sfg cfpF5 . 76 ÷ sljtf
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rf}tf/f] ;¿ kf]v/]n d"n af6f]sf] 5]pdf a;f}b{ l] v 5' v} slxn] hGd] s;n] hGdfof] yfxf kfpg]x? df6f] g} alg ;s] xf]nfg\ 5ftLdf pd|s ] f a/ lkkn chª\u ePsf 5g\ rf/}lt/ bf}8g vf]Hb} 5g\ xfFufx? t/ d y]lKrPsf] 5' ltgs} tn d}nfO{ 6]s/] rl9 /x]5g\ km'nkftLx? xfFufdf s}of}F r/fx? cfP/ a;]sf 5g\ s}of}F p8]sf 5g\ p;} u/L t/ ltgn] v;fPsf kx]n F f kftx? / la:6fx? eg] s6\sl6Psf 5g\ d]/f 5kgLel/ dnfO{ ;fÔL agfP/ slt k|d] sf km'n km'n] slt kq kq r'l8P
8f]nn] ] 8f]nL la;fpFbf klg dnfdL kms]/{ ;':tfpFbf klg p:t} 5' d a;f}b{+ l] v af]wL;Tjsf] vf]hLdf a'bw\ klg cfP oxLF slxn] aGb'ssf] gfn 7f]Sb} slxn] af?b / adsf] emf]nf la;fpFb} w]/} of]bw\ f klg cfP oxLF /fd klg cfP, /fj0f klg cfP rf]/ klg cfP, ;fw' klg cfP p8\gx] ? oxL af6f] p8] kms{gx] ? oxLF kl;gf cf]efpg cfP slxn] xÈ{sf] dft slxn] b'vsf] cfF;' lnP/ cfP t/ d gofF kft knfpFbf klg / tL km]l/ kx]lF nP/ embf{ klg x/]s lgd]Èsf] ;fÔL x'bF f x'bF } d'sbz{s al; /x]5' a;f}b+{ l] v o;/L g} Û sljtf ÷ 77
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xfdL pbf;] emf/x? ;Ltf lg/f}nf yf]/} lr:ofg clg df6f]sf] pmhf{df xnSs x'g] xfd|f] k|jl[ Tt nxnxfpg] nfnr pdf/]/ ;dsfnLgnfO{ pl5Gb} l7ª\u pleG5f}F . dg g xf] xf}l;G5 g} lhpdf ;;fgf sf]lknf pdf/]/ a};F km'nfpF5f}F dfgf}F o;/L g} rN5 cfh;Fu dl:sFb} lal;{ lbG5f}F ef]ln . ebf}/] e]nn] k5f/]sf lgIf]lkt 8fF7¿kL xfdL EofTt} s'lxg' xfd|f] lgolt a'6o\ fgsf] ;kgf gb]v] x'G5 chDa/L uLt gufP x'G5 cflv/ xfdL pbf;] emf/x? .
78 ÷ sljtf
dfjn ;'bLk kflv|g Pp6} af6f] eP/ k'luGYof] dlGb/ / dfjn klxn] hxfF+=== dGqf]Rrf/0f u/] e}mF kl08tn] ;'gfpg' x'GYof] k/Lsyfx? dfdf, 3G6L e}mF aHYof] k'/fgf] vf]sL xh'/ cfdfsf] /, k}mnGYof] w"ksf] ;'uGw e}mF w'jfF pxfFsf] r'nf]af6 k'/} 3/df Pp6} h:tf] nfUYof] dl:hb / dfjn klxn] hxfF+=== ;vf/} s'g} df}njLn] Ps;'/df a8f] ;'/sf ;fy cfhfg ufP e}mF nfUYof] xh'/ a'afsf] xKsfO klg /, nflu /xGYof] ls bf]xf]¥ofO /x"F tL s]6fs]6L uNtLx? af/Daf/, ;kmf x[bosf ;fy Ps w'gn] gdfh k9] e}mF rln /xGy] ;flgdfx?sf xftx? ;kmf eO /xGy] ef8fs'8F f, sf]7f, a/G8f / k'/} jftfj/0f
x'ax' Ps} b]lvGy] rr{ / dfjn klxn] u'?åf/f / u'Daf klg r'krfk cfP/ ykSs a;] e}mF uy]{ dfjnd} h;sf] 5fgfdflyaf6 ;'? x'g] OGb]0| fL emg} /ª\uLg x'g] ub{Yof] ce}m ;'l/nf] nfUYof] hxfFsf] ‰ofndf r9]/ ufpg] sf]OnL klg hxfF zq'x? g} klg ldqx?eGbf a9L ldq nfUy] hf] glhs} /x]/ ;'dw'/ ;DaGwsf ;'l/nf /fux? ufO /xGy] ;fFRr} g} p:t} lyP dfjn / b'lgofFsf k|To]s ;'Gb/ s'/fx? klxn] p:t} 5g\ dfjn / b'lgofFsf x/]s kfjg s'/fx? clxn] Pp6} af6f] eP/ k'luG5 dlGb/ / dfjn clxn] klg .
sljtf ÷ 79
e"sDk ;'b]z ;Tofn afF85 \ g\ /fxt x]lnsK6/x? uNnL / of] rf]sdf b]z} of] 6'x/' f] ePkl5 cxf] Û 5g\ zf]s g} zf]sdf em'kf| ] g} ha nf} 9Nof] ul/asf] cftª\s 5fP5 ls dfG5];uF l/;fpFbf k|sl[ t of] e"sDk cfP5 ls < wSsfn] klg xlNnP d'6x' ? ;f;} :jtM /f]lsof] wfFhf kmfl6 /x]/ nf} g k[lyjL kftfndf 7f]lsof] ef:of] x} ha ;':t/L hldg of] lg:s]5 Hjfnf klg af}nfPkl5 of] :jod\ k|sl[ t g} s] nfU5 s:sf] clg . s}of}F /ft lat] v'nf rp/d} s] /}’5 o:sf] ;'/ eTsfPkl5 tL ;a} u'8F x? a:5g\ sxfF 9'Ss'/ gf}nf] ;+/rgf agfpg egL ;f/f h'6fPkl5 s]xL x'Gg 9n]/ lalN8ªx? p7\5g\ p7fPkl5 . l;ª\uf] of] 5tn] lsr]kl5 cxf] Û s] x'G5 xf]nf eg eTs]sf] 3/ dfq xf]Og cxf] Û eTSof] oxfF hLjg eTs] tfklg r}To, dlGb/x? elTsGg cf:yf t/ of] e"sDk crDdsf] ljifo xf] lj1fgeGbf k/ . s] s] x'G5 k|sf]k k|fs[lts xf] So} 5}g o:sf] e/ of] e"sDk uof] eg] ca k'gM klN6G5 306f3/ OR5fzlSt gu'lN6cf];\ w/x/f uNof{Dd u'N6] klg xfd|f xftx? ;w}F h'l6 /x"g\ lgdf{0f ug]{ egL . 80 ÷ sljtf
wfljsf P6nfG6f ;'/]z xfr]sfnL ltd|f] wfjg dfu{df ;'gsf uf]8f ltg]s es'G8fx? kmflnPsf 5g\ wfljsf P6nfG6f . ltdLnfO{ lax] ug{ cft'/ ltd|f] k'?if k|lt:kwL{ lxKkf]ldG; ;dfgfGt/ bu'l/ /x]sf] 5' xf¥of} eg] of] wfjg k|lt:kwf{ k|lt1f cg';f/ :jLsfg'{ k5{ ltdLn] lxKkf]ldG;sf] kltTj / ltd|f] km/flsnf] P6nfG6f cl:tTj lxKkf]ldG;sL cwf{ªl\ ugLdf v'lDrg] 5 . oL hfHjNodfg :j0f{ es'G8fx? sk6sf rj|mJo"x x'g\ lxKkf]ldG;n] v;fn]sf] .
lbof]sf] wkwkL k|Hjngdf gf}/ª\uL jo:s k'tnL em'lDdP h:tf] ltdL nf]leof} eg] es'G8fsf kx]n F f] bf}ntdf P6nfG6f v]ns'bsf] wfjg ljwfleq ltdLnfO{ sxLF cª\lst ub}g{ Oltxf;n] . olTt k|dfl0ft ul/ b]pm P6nfG6f :jf:gL dfG5]x? dª\l;/sf] ;'Gtnf jfuafgL h:tf] ;'g} ;'gn] kx]nF k'/ eP/ n}ªl\ us k|lt:kwf{ la;{b+ g} g\ .
sljtf ÷ 81
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;dosf] lem/df ;'zLnf v8\sf ‘xl;gf’ lgb|fsf] 3]/f tf]8/] lapFembf cfFvfel/ lxd d':sfg 5b}{ ;u/dfyf pleP klg xfF:g la;]s { f cf]7sf syf gkm'6s ] f af]nLdf c8\ss ] f] 5 cf]5o\ fgaf6 h'?Ss p7]/ klxnf] Zjf; k|Zjf; ubf{ /ftel/ kx/fdf kmj|ms ] f] knfF;sf] af:gf kfP klg ;Demgfleq s}b cfdfsf] ;kgf ;dosf] lem/df plgPsf] 5 sf]7faf6 aflx/ lg:s]/ k/]nLsf] 9f]sf p3fb}{ b[li6 ubf{ kmfF6df tf]/L km'ns ] f] e]6] klg ;a}sf] /x/ af]s/] lxF8s ] f] ‘zflGt’ s'g} afFw / ;fFwdf y'lgPsf] 5 lIflthsf] ue{af6 hGd]sf] ;"o{ ls/0f tª\l/Fb} hfFbf cfzfsf] dfnf rFl' 8Psf] 5 pb\bZ] osf] bLk lge]sf] 5 t}klg lbg;Fu bf}l8Fbf stfstf ;'lgG5 :jtGqtfsf] gf/f 82 ÷ sljtf
oL gf/fx? klg rsf]{ 3fddf ;'ss ] f] kfgLsf] cjz]if h:t} nfU5, a'bw\ sf] e"lddf do'/sf] ;kgf lsr]/ lub\wsf] ;kgf /f]k] h:t} k|sl[ tsf] lbgrof{ ha ;fFem k5{ lgnf] cfsfz cf]9/] cfF6Ldf ;':tfpFb} blng Rofk]/ a/a/fpF5' ;Demg} g;s]sf] df6f]sf] kL8f dl:tisdf lnlkab\w u5'{ e'Ng} g;s]sf] l;dfgfsf] Joyf 5ftLdf x:tfIf/ u5'{ lgbf]i{ f tL cfF;n ' fO{, dgnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ cfFugLdf em/]sf] h'g x]//] Ps d'67\ L /fli6«otf hf]ufpg r/fx?sf] uLt ;'G5' nfnL u'/fF;sf] /ª k9\5' h'gls/Lsf] pHofnf]df ar]sf] ;fx; a6'Nb} d]/f] cf:yfsf] emf]nfdf efiff, e]z / ;+:s[lt af]S5' d]/f] b]zsf] x/fpFb} u/]sf] kl/ro af]S5[' .
t/, d af]Ng ;S5' :jlKgn :d[lt xf], d af]Ng ;lSbgF Û d]/f] sfgn] clxn];Dd s'g} ljikmf]6 ;'gs ] f] 5}g nf]stGq, Gofo, ;/sf/ jf qmflGt oL zAbsf] cy{ dnfO{ laNs'n yfxf 5}g . d x'F hª\unjf;L hª\undf 5' ;x/÷;/sf/÷/fHoeGbf w]/} 6f9f hª\undf 5' d]/} ;Eotfsf] Eofs'/ vf]l;| /x]5' . k'vf{nfO{ r9fpg km'n r'lF 8 /xFbf xf];\ of cf7 tn] l;dnsf] ?vdfly wg'sf] tfFbf]df clGtd sfF8 tGsfO /xFbf r'krfk x'G5' d vf]nfdf df5f dfg{ b'jfnL yflk /xFbf of a'9L af]hs ' f] cfTdf k'Hg kfxfnfO{ 9'ls /xFbf . d t hª\unL dfG5] d;Fu ;Eo efiff 5}g hª\undf vf;} af]ln /xg' klg kb}g{ gfr] dfq klg x'G5, gflr lbG5' vf]nfsf nx/;Fu ufP dfq klg x'G5, ufO lbG5' ao]nL atf;;Fu bf}l8g' k5{ g}, bf}l8 a:5' lrt'jfsf aRrfx?;Fu hª\undf t kft dfq v:of] eg] klg xNnf x'G5 . hª\unsf] efiff ls r'krfk x'G5 ls cfFwL x'G5 . sljtf ÷ 83
d hª\unjf;L ;/sf/ dnfO{ hª\unaf6 y't/] ;o tn] ‘l;len xf]D;’df /fVg rfxG5 hª\un d]/f] O{Zj/ xf] ;/sf/ hª\und'lgsf] lgnf] kTy/ pTvgg\ ug{ rfxG5 ha ls d]/f k'vf{x? 5g\ ToxfF t Û ;/sf/ dnfO{ lng k6s k6s x]lnsK6/ lnP/ cfpF5 af]n eG5÷kmsfpF5÷emsemSofpF5 ;/sf/ klg t hª\uns} ;Gtfg xf] nv]6o\ f] ls hª\unlt/} efU5 Û t/, ;/sf/ dnfO{ dfq hª\unL eG5 ufnL u5{, aGb's xNnfpF5 af]n ls af]n eG5 s;/L af]Ng] xf] < ls d]/f] lha|fn] fO{ ;/sf/ zAbsf] :jfb yfxf 5}g h:tf] ls ;/sf/sf] lha|fn] fO{ d]/f] hª\unsf] l6d'/sf] :jfb yfxf 5 d]/f] vf]nfsf] ltt]df5fsf] :jfb yfxf 5 cxF, d af]Ng ;lSbgF Û slt 7'nf] cfafhdf af]Ng] xf] < h:tf] ls af3sf] uh{gdf of la/fnf]sf] DofpFdf cxF d t af]Ng ;lSbgF Û t/, d af]Ng ;S5' ha hª\undf cfuf] nfpF5 ;/sf/ / ;x/df 9f8 ;]sfpF5 ha ;/sf/ ltvf{p5 F / vf]nf ;x/lt/ kmsf{p5 F d af]N5'÷s/fpF5÷ ' ufnL u5'÷ { plk|mG5' ;/sf/ ;'g] klg g;'g] e}mF u5{ t]/f] efiff a'‰b} a'lemgF eG5 t d s] u¿F < ;fob, ;/sf/ aGb'ssf] efiff dfq a'‰5 ta d}n] klg aGb'ssf] efiff l;Sg' kg]{ x'G5 . 84 ÷ sljtf
lje|flGt xl/x/ ltldlN;gf slt sldnfx?n] PsPs lrD6L df6f] a6'n/] y'kf/]sf] xf]nf of] l9:sf] h:tf] k[YjL < o;}dfly r9]/ d}n] ;"os { f] kl/j|mdf u/]sf] lyPF k|yd k6s . / oxfFsf caf}+{ dflg;n] h:t} d}n] klg /f]ks ] f] lyPF oxL df6f]df cfwf hf]/ ;kgf sfkLsf kfgfh:tf oxLFsf af/Lsf kf6fdf afn] pdfg'{ ePsf] lyof] b]ptf h:tf cIf/ / d]/f] lz/df xft /fVb} eGg' ePsf] lyof]– æd]/f] wfd, d]/f] O{Zj/ d]/f] :ju{, d]/f] ;kgf oxL d}n] 6]ss ] f] hldg xf], afa' Û ltdLn] klg slxNo} ge'Ng" cfˆgf] hldg lxF8g\ " cfˆg} kf}/vn] vg]sf] af6f] .Æ To;kl5 d lxFl8 /x],F lxFl8 /x]F / lxFl8 /x]F nuftf/
t/ e]66\ fpg ;lsgF ;kgf /f]ks ] f] hldg x/] Û sxfF cfO k'uF] d vf]O d]/f] r'ªu\ L c8\lsPsf] cfsfz < vf]O tf/f km'Ng] l;dnsf] ?v < vf]O d}n] kfgL lkpg] kFw/] f], vf]O d}n] n'sfdf/L v]Ng] rf}tf/f] < dnfO{ au/ agfP/ stf hfFb} 5 of] gbL < dnfO{ lgh{g 7fpFdf 5f]8/] , sxfF c:tfpFb} 5 of] 3fd < of] k[YjL 3'ds ] f] xf] ls ;"o{ Û of] cfsfz tn 5 ls dfly ÛÛ d lxF8b\ f lxF8b\ s } f] af6f] x/fof] / zª\sf nfUg yfn]sf] 5 PsfPs dnfO{ af]s/] lxFl8 /x]5 s;}sf] uf]8f of s;}sf] uf]8fnfO{ af]s/] lxFl8 /x]sf] 5' d Û
sljtf ÷ 85
rNg] e"sDk h:t} clnslt === x]drGb| g]kfn s] x'GYof] ofg h:tf] 3'gg' g' ' axg] j|mb' w\ cfj]u s:tf] s] x'GYof] af9 h:tf] ;dtn gk'uL s'ln{g] wf/ s:tf] s] tftf] zLt xfjf x'gg' g' ' axg] 5}g cfsf/ s:tf] k|f0fLsf] s] s'/f ef]’ lul/uxg u'kmf leqsf] gfb s:tf] Û w"nf] 5f/f] p8fO{ hldg hlt ;a} yy{/fP/ cfof] lrGb} lrGb}g sf]xL l/k'bn h;/L emlD6Fb} km]l/ cfof] cfkm}F ub}g{ s]xL 3/lt/ hlt 5g\ ˆofFS5 cf}hf/ k}n] 8fª\ 8fª\ 8'ª\ 8'ª\ u/]/} lgldife/ l56f] hfG5 e"sDk P]n] . k}nf] e"sDk cfof] d'ns ' e/ l56f] km}lnof] af/kfs sf]bf/L If]q tf]8b\ } kl5 slt ylkP sDksf sDk vft lhª\/fof] /fHo l;ª\u} xtkt s;/L h'6t\ 5g\ ldq /fi6« of] s:tf] efUo xfd|f] asas d'vn] ug'{ a]sf/ aft . cfF6f] xf];\ ;fu;AhL clnslt g'g xf];\ bfn xf];\ cGgkfgL af]sL hfFbf p8]/} ;alt/ r/ 5g\ 8g'{ kb}g{ dGqL ug}{ kb}g{ /Iff htg u/ l56f] /f]Sg sf] ;S5 P]n] rNg] e"sDk h:t} clnslt dgdf /fv r}tGo k}n] . c:yfoL kfn kfP ;/0f k|sl[ ts} k5{ g]kfn P]n] k}n] :yfoL sxfF y]’ 3/ clg 6x/f hf]8g\ ' knf{ j|md}n] cSsfn} Hofg hfFbf ljrlnt gx'g] x'G5 s:sf] nnf6 kL8fsf] 3fp eb}{ ;k'tx? l56f] ;'lDkb\of} cfTdefj . 86 ÷ sljtf
web source:www.khaasskhass.com
uLt
efj]z e'd/L k/b]zLsf] dfof km'sfO{ l;/fgLdf /fV5\of} xf]nf d]/} af/] ;f]Rbf ;f]Rb} ltdL yfSg' yfS5\of} xf]nf . sfddf hfG5' sfd}el/ ltdL cfpF5o\ f} 3l/3l/ ufpFsf] Kof;n] 56kl6G5' d'v} 5f]K5 cfF;' em/L s:tf] xf]nf wf/fkfgL emfFjm| Lv]tsf] v]tLkftL w]/} s'/f v]N5g\ lk|of afpcfdfsf cfzfdfly . sf]xL cfˆgf 5}gg\ oxfF ;a} d]/f Totflt/ ha ufpFdf aH5 dfbn PF7] g k5{ otflt/ 3/ ;DemL ;f; km]5{' ltd|f nflu afFrs ] f] 5' d'6' b'vL kmf6\bf klg ltDnfO{ lbg ufF;s ] f] 5' .
sljtf ÷ 87
j;Gt ljTof;L yfkf sf]xL ;fyL vf]H5g\ efp, sf]xL ;fyL vf]H5g\ bfp cfh km]l/ aNemfO lbof], gb'vs ] f] dgleqsf] 3fp Û eG5g\ Ps s'/f u5{g\ csf]{ s'g ;fyLsf] xf] ljZjf; ug]{ v} sxfF;Dd xf] ;fyLn] ;fyLsf] lxF8fO /f]Sb} hfg] Û sf]xL ;fyL vf]H5g\ efp, sf]xL ;fyL vf]H5g\ bfp cfh km]l/ eTsfO lbof], v';Lsf] ef/L la;fpg] 7fpF Û u5{g\ ld7f aft km]5g{ \ /ª s'g ;fyLsf] xf] e/f];f x'g] v} slt;Dd xf] ;fyLn] ;fyLsf] prfO d]6b\ } hfg] Û sf]xL ;fyL vf]H5g\ efp, sf]xL ;fyL vf]H5g\ bfp cfh km]l/ d]6fO lbof], ;f]emf]kgsf] Odfgbf/L gfp Û
88 ÷ sljtf
uhn
sfG5f ;/sf/ of] b]zsf] d'xf/ km]l/of];\ ca hgtfdf d':sfg s]l/of];\ ca . xf] ;fgf / 7'nf, ul/a / wgL ;a}nfO{ ;dfg x]l/of];\ ca . sf] afx'g, IfqL, sf] cflbjf;L ;a} Pp6} ;"qdf a]l/of];\ ca . xTof / lx+;f w]/} ef] b]zdf zflGtn] ;+;f/ 3]l/of];\ ca . of] b]zn] km]l/ alnbfg dfu] xf], d]/} lg lz/ ;]l/of];\ ca .
sljtf ÷ 89
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dw' kf]v/]n g;f]Wg" dnfO{ d s] xfndf 5' ;w}F xf/ dfq} x'g] vfndf 5' . k'u] nf} ;a} tL ;w}F dfly dfly d kfgLljgfsf] cem} tfndf 5' . 5 ;f/f cFWof/f] ge]6L lsgf/f 8'as ] f] d dfG5] cem} 5fndf 5' . hn]sf] 5 5ftL egf}F s] s;f]/L ljgf cy{ aGbL d tf hfndf 5' . ;a} bfUg vf]Hg] d dfly k|xf/ s}of}F 5g\ lzsf/L d hGhfndf 5' . cem};Dd b]lvGg s]xL pHofnf] d rf/} lbzf aGb kvf{ndf 5' . a;]sf] lyPF zfGt, ;'Gb/ w/fdf eof] cfh s:tf] d g]kfndf 5' .
90 ÷ sljtf
dfgGw/ /]vf ‘sfnL’ o'un] dfu]kl5 cfdf, csf]{ a'bw\ ;Gtfg b]pm jL/ uf]vf{nL / xfd|f] g]kfnsf] klxrfg b]pm . x]k/] g} l;dfgf ldRg] s+znfO{ aw ug]{ of] wtL{df ca Pp6f s[i0f h:tf] anjfg b]pm . dfu]/} dfq slt rN5, b]z xDd] xDd] e} ;Sof] 9's6' L aGb ug]{ cfdf, afafnfO{ c8fg b]pm . cfGbf]ngdf slt d/], ;lxbn] ;/fKg] 5g\ k|hftGq lbuf] /fVg, rfF8} g} ;dfwfg b]pm .
sljtf ÷ 91
ljlkg rGb| ag]kfnL lg/Lxsf b'v kL8f aUb} t/n x'g] b]zdf afFRg ufxf/f] dg{ rflxF ;/n x'g] b]zdf . 5n u/L lhTg]n] g} n]v] em'6f] Oltxf; if8\oGq / 3ft clj/n x'g] b]zdf . ljlwsf] zf;g d¥of], ;lt uof] sfg'g klg ljwfg xf]Og, af]nL cdn x'g] b]zdf . w]/} au] lgd'vfsf kl;gf / /ut oxfF lxhf] 5fk|f] x'gs ] f] dxn x'g] b]zdf . ;'sfO ;s] /fi6« bf}/f, ;'?jfn nufpg]n] d]rL, dxfsfnL lxhf] snsn x'g] b]zdf .
92 ÷ sljtf
cg"lbt sljtf
;fFu/' f] af6f]df cfgGb hf]zL k';sf] /ftsf] lr;f] xfjf / s'lx/f]lar plePsf] of] ljZjsf] Pp6f af6f] ;fFu/' f] af6f]df d]/f] hLjgsf] Pp6f nfdf] ;':s]/f;Dd klg c6]g . xf], To;}n] cfh lttf] ;kgf af]s/] lxFl8 /x]sf dfG5]x?sf] dl:tisdf e'OrF fnf] cfpg' k5{ Hjfnfd'vL km'6g\ ' k5{ . lsgeg] s}of}F cgfy lzz'x? hf8f]n] y'/y'/ sfFDb} ToxL ;fFu/' f] af6f]df cfdfsf] dfof vf]Hb} 5g\ vf]Hb} 5g\ ===Û c;dod} cfdf ag]sf t?gLx? cGtxLg Joyfdf hn]/ ToxLF cfP/ cf>o vf]lh /x]5g\ . To;} u/L d]/f] h:t} s}of}F hLjgx? ToxfFaf6 lxF8g\ vf]H5g\ t/ of] af6f] ;fFu/' f] 5 ToxfF /x]sf dfG5]x?sf] sfd h:t} . k|To]s dfG5]
k'/} 6fpsf] ;d:ofn] u|:t 3G6f3/ h:tf] hLjg af]s/] lttf], 6/f]{ lakgfl;t 6fFl:;P/ h;/L eP klg lxFl8 /xG5g\ ToxL ;fFu/' f] af6f]df . t/ dnfO{ eg] k|To]s lbg zª\sf nfU5 s;n] l;lgTt kfnf{ dfgjLo :jefjsf OR5fx?nfO{ j/k/sf] af6f]sf lsgf/ e}mF s;n] l6Kg] xf]nf hf]jgsf tf/fx? Tof] af6f]sf 9'ªu\ f / df6f] e}mF dfG5]leq x'ls{ /x]sf] km/flsnf] af6f] lbg}lkR5] h'g lvOFb} lvOFb} ;fFul' /Fb} uO /x]5 xfd|f] hLjgsf] cf:yf e}mF Û ToxfF t a'bw\ / dfS;{ h:tf j|mfO:6 h:tfx? klg sfFKb} lxF8g\ ' k5{, kfOnf rfNg' k5{ . dfG5]x?af6} lgld{t Tof] af6f]df slt dfG5]x? lxFl8 ;s] Û t/ cfh ToxfF d]/f] hLjgsf] :jtGqtfsf] cleofg ;d]t c6fPg Û sljtf ÷ 93
P, k|f0fxLg eP/ klg dfG5]sf] hLjg e}mF lxFl8 /x]sf] af6f] Û d o; o'usf] dfG5] ca d ltd|f] dl:tisdf, ltd|f] 5ftLdf Pp6f xnrn dRrfO lbG5' s]xL ug{ cfTt'/ d]/f xftn] ltdLnfO{ l;Fufg'{ 5, ;hfpg' 5 d]/f] xfF;f] ltdLnfO{ afF8g\ ' 5 kl;gf aufP/ ltdLnfO{ gofF hLjg lbg'5 ltd|f] hLjgsf 3fpx?df d}n] cf}ifwL nufpg' 5 lsgeg] ;Tosf] pb\3f6g ;w}F x'g' k5{ jf:tljstfsf] kbf{ ;// p3|g' k5{ To;}n] 56\k6fO /x]sf] d]/f] cfTdfn] abnf lnG5 ;do ;dodf ljZjsf] s'gf sfKrfdf kl/jt{g x'g' k5{ lsgeg] ;[li6 g} oxL xf] clg ltd|f] hLjg klg km}ng]5 d]/f] xfF;f] ltd|f] cfafhl;t oxfF u'lGh /xg]5 ===u'lGh /xg]5 ====Û Û
cg'jfb M w'|j dlwsdL{ -g]kfn efiffaf6_
94 ÷ sljtf
onDa/sf] emf]n u0f]z /fO{ Ps af]6 cb'jf ltg d'G6f ltt]kftL Ps lrG8f] onDa/sf] emf]n ltg 9'ªu\ ] r'nfdf kf?xfª / ;'lDgdf d'Gb'd ufO /x]sf] 5– gfS;f] k[YjL, hn, jfo', hLjhGt', sL6 ktª\u pTklQsf] syf bf]xf]¥ofO /x]5 sfFwdf wg'jf{0f / sDd/df v'8F f le/]sf Ps dg'jf d'Gw'd ufO /x]sf] 5 lg/Gt/˜ lg/Gt/˜ lg/Gt/˜ 9's/' sf] ufF8df k/]sf] cGg 5b}{ vflSrn'kf /, l/gfvfn] lkt[ k'hs ] f] syf r]nL hfpdf] / lVnpdf]n]
tfg a'gs ] f] syf k|sl[ tn] kfn'jf xfn]sf] syf pef}nLdf df5f / s¥ofªs'?ª gbLsf] pb\udtkm{ x'n afFw/] psflnPsf pwf}nLdf Gofgf] vf]Hb} pFwf] em/]sf clg lkt[ / k|sl[ tsf] ;Ddfgdf vf]nfgfnf, lzsf/L a]vf/Lsf] bz{g 9's F 9' s F' ' 9f]n, ‰ofd˜‰ofd˜ ‰ofD6f ahfP/ ;]pnL xNnfpFb} ;fs]nf gfRb} plxNo}bl] v clxn];Dd rln /x]sf] 5– onDa/sf] emf]n;Fu} hfu]sf] hf]; ;}˜ ;}˜ nf˜ xf]˜ s'/{ xf˜xf˜ .
s]xL zAbfy{ M gfS;f] – ls/ftL jfDa'n] /fO{leqsf] s'n k"hf/L . s'n u'? . vflSrn'kf – jfDa'n] d'Gb'ddf w/tLnfO{ kfng kf]if0f ug]{ cflbd k'?if . l/gfvf – jfDa'n] d'Gb'ddf w/tLnfO{ kfng kf]if0f ug]{ cflbd :qL, vflSrn'kfsL kTgL . hfpdf] / lVnpdf – vflSrn'kfsf h]7L / sfG5L lbbL, h;nfO{ tfg a'Gg] snfsf] k|tLs dflgG5 .
cg'jfb M slj :jod\ -jfDa'n] /fO{ efiffaf6_ sljtf ÷ 95
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csf]{ lbgsf] cvaf/ ljZjgfy k|;fb ltjf/L hL=cf/=kL= bf/f]ufn] n]vg] l/kf]6{ To; kxf8L o'jssf] h'g kmls{ /x]sf] lyof] hnGw/af6 sdfP/ cfˆgf] b]z g]kfn h;nfO{ u'G8fx?n] ˆofFls lbof] u'8b\ } u/]sf] uf8Laf6 aflx/ / p7fP/ nUof] p;sL la; jlif{of alxgLnfO{ h;nfO{ ;'Gb/ agfPsf] lyof] p;sf] b'ef{Uon] Ps lbg dfq 5fKof] of] va/ cvaf/n] csf]{ lbg vf]Hb} /Xof] a]rg} Ln] ls s] eof] To; kfj{tLsf] < s'g :6];g glhs s'lNrOg\ Tof] nIdL < s'g sf]7Ldf a]lrg ;/:jtL < t/ csf]{ lbgsf] cvaf/ u'lGh /x]sf] lyof] /]n dGqLsf] uh{gn] wgan, afx'an, ;'/Iff ansf] c6\6xf;df sxLF Ps kª\lSt klg lyPg To; cgfd canfsf] af/]df .
cg'jfb M /fd bofn /fs]z -lxGbL efiffaf6_ 96 ÷ sljtf
cfTdsYo
sljtf M ;[hgf / cfljisf/ t'n;L lbj;
d ;flxTo ;[hgfsf] yfngLdf cGo ljwfdf ;+nUg eP klg d"ntM sljtfdf s]lGb|t eP/ Psf]l/P/ uPsf] 5' . sljtfaf6 cfk"mnfO{ cleJoQm ug{ ;lsG5, ;S5' / ;s]sf] 5' eGg] ljZjf;sf ;fy d o;df ;+nUg 5' . sljtf cfkm};uF Odfgbf/Lk"j{s ul/Psf] s'/fsfgL of cfTd ;+jfb xf] . dflg;n] c¿;Fu ;+jfb ubf{ Odfgbfl/tf sfod gu/L klg ug{ ;S5 t/ cfk"m;Fu ubf{ eg] Odfgbf/L sfod gu/L ;+jfb ug{ g;lsg] l:ylt d}n] cg'ej u/]sf] 5' . ctM cfkm};Fusf] Odfgbf/ ;+jfbsf ¿kdf sljtfk|ltsf] d]/f] ljZjf; / cf:yf cem a9L ulxl/Fb} jf plrFb} uPsf] cg'ej d;Fu 5 . sljtfnfO{ ;fdfGotM dflg;n] k|l;4L, dfgj sNof0f jf /fhgLlts cfbz{;uF hf]8]/ x]g{] u/]sf] k/Dk/f e]l6G5 . d eg] sljtfnfO{ dflg;sf] l;h{gzLn k|ltefsf] lj:tf/ xf] eGg] dfG5' . oyfy{df sljtf dflg;sf] l;h{gzLntfsf] ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] txsf] snfTds eflifs
cleJolSt xf] . sljtfdf dflg;n] cfˆgf] ;[hgfsf] pkNnf] k|flKtnfO{ cg'et" ug{ ;S5 / d klg ToxL cg'ej ub{} 5' . sljtf s]jn sf]/f sNkgf k|;t" j:t' xf]Og . sljtfdf sljn] cfˆgf] hLjgdf cfkm}n] ef]us ] f] jf ;"Idfg'et" u/]sf] dfgjLo ;+j]bgfaf6 pTk|]l/t ljrf/, efjgf / cg'e"lt cleJoQm ul/ /x]sf] x'G5 . sljtfdf Ps jf csf{] k|sf/n] hlxn] klg gjLgtf, lghTj / df}lnstf x'g' k5{ / x'g] u5{ . of] sljtfsf] clgjfo{ ;t{ xf] . slj jf l;h{gzLn JolStx? cGo k|efjzfnL /rgf jf sljtfaf6 k| e fljt x' g ;S5g\ . To; k|efjnfO{ krfP/ cfˆgf] ljz]iftf / v'aLsf ;fy df}lnstf sfod ug{] u/L pm b]vf k5{ ls kb{g} < d"n k|Zg of] xf] . To;}n] d eGg] u5'{, sljtf Ps k|sf/sf] cfljisf/ klg xf] t/ Tof] d"ntM ;[hgf xf] . j}1flgsn] k|s[ltdf lglxt ;Tosf] pb\3f6g u5{ . lj1fgn] cl3 slxNo} k|sl[ tsf] cl:tTjdf gePsf]
sljtf ÷ 97
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j:t'sf] ;[hgf ub{g} t/ ;|i6fn] eg] cl3 slxNo} cl:tTjdf gePsf] j:t' cl:tTjdf Nofpg] u5{ . Tof] ;[hgf lgtfGt lghL / df}lns j:t' x'G5 . Tof] ;fdfGo ef}lts j:t' geP/ Ps hLljt j:t' x'G5 . dleq sljtf aLhf/f] k 0fsf] cfˆg} k|lj|mof 5 . Tof] ue{df ljsl;t eO /x]sf] e|0" f h:t} x'G5 / pm k"0f{ eO{ dnfO{ ;"lrt gul/Gh]n d sljtf n]lVbgF / aflx/ NofpFlbg klg . To;f] t, d Ps b'O{ dlxgf jf b'O{ ;ftfdf klg s'g} sljtf n]V5' t/ slxn] sfxLF Tof] !) b]lv !% jif{;Dd nufP/ dleqaf6 j|mdzM ljsl;t eP/ sljtf hGd]sf] klg d}n] cg'ej u/]sf] 5' . sljtf ljsl;t x'g] ;dofjlw lglZrt eg] x' F b } g . d} n ] sljtfnfO{ o; sf/0f klg hLljt j:t' eg]sf] x'F ls sljtfdf hlxn] klg sljsf] hLjf+z x'g] u5{ . h;/L s'g} afa'cfdfsf] lj:tf/sf ¿kdf ltgsf ;Gtfg k}bf x'G5g\, To;/L g} sljsf] lj:tf/sf] ¿kdf cfˆg} lghTj / df}lnstfsf ;fy p;sf sljtf k|s6 x'G5g\ . lghTj, gjLgtf / df}lnstfn] sljtfnfO{ ;zSt / hLjGt agfpF5 . clg sljsf] JolStTjn] klg lghTj / df}lnstf k|fKt u5{ . k|sl[ tsf j:t'x? 7f]; klg x'G5g\, t/n klg x'G5g\ / jfikLo klg x'G5g\ . o;/L g} sljtf klg 7f];, t/n / jfikLo x'G5g\ . sljtfn] cfk"m hLjGt geOsg c¿nfO{ t/ª\u pTkfbg u/]/ cg'et" u/fpg ;Sg] Ifdtf / ;fdYo{ /fVb}g . ;xL sljtfn] hlxn] klg cfˆgf] cl:tTj, cl:dtf / klxrfgnfO{ dxTj lbG5 . sljtfsf] aLhf/f]k0f, uef{wfg / hGdsf] k|lj|mof lgoldt ¿kdf rln
98 ÷ sljtf
/xG5 . zAb;Fu sljtfsf] ;DaGw 3lgi7 eP klg Tof] zAbeGbf leq jf aflx/ a9L x'G5 . sljtf s]jn eflifs ¿kdf zAb ;+/rgfdf /x]/ aflx/ b]vf kg{] eP klg d" n tM Tof] dfgj dfqsf] l;h{gzLntf, /ª, Wjlg / zAb;Fu a9L ;DalGwt x' G 5 . Wjlg;F u sf] l;h{ g zLntf, ;ª\ u Lt, /ª;F u sf] l;h{ g zLntf lrqsnf / zAb;F u ;DalGwt l;h{ g zLntf sljtf jf ;flxTosf] ¿k lnP/ b]vf k5{ . sljtf j:t' x'gs ' f] cy{ s;}nfO{ 5'g' / g5'g';Fu ;DalGwt 5}g . s;}n] b]Vg' / gb]Vg';Fu klg ;DalGwt 5}g . sljtfdf lglxt ;+jb] gf / cg'el" tnfO{ cleJoSt ug{] Ifdtf hlxn] klg slj;Fu x'g] u/] e}mF kf7s jf ;|ft] f;Fu To;nfO{ u|x0f ug{] Ifdtf klg x'g' k5{ / x'G5 . slxn] sfxLF slj / kf7ssf] cleJolSt jf a'emfOsf] tx gldn]df jf ;dfg :t/sf] gePdf sljn] eg]sf] s'/f ToxL ¿kdf ghfg ;S5 . sljn] h] h;f] u/L h'g ¿kdf eg]sf] 5 To;/L g} kf7s jf ;|f]tfn] a'‰g' k5{ eGg] klg 5}g . kf7s jf ;|ft] fn] sljtfnfO{ cfˆgf] 9ª\un] a'‰g] clwsf/ cfk"m;Fu ;'/lIft /fV5 eGg] kIfdf d 5' . sljtf jf:tjdf Psn cy{sf] x'Fb}g . ax'n cy{ nfUg]] x'G5 / x'g' k5{ . sljtfsf] ax'n cy{, cj:yf, :yfg, kfq / kl/l:ylt;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5 . o;/L Pp6} sljtfsf] leGgleGg cy{ nfUg ;S5 / nfUg h?/L 5 . sljtf ;fdfGo efiffdf cfP tfklg ;fdfGo efiffsf] Psn cy{df ;Lldt eP/ To;sf] aGbL x'Fb}Fg .
sljtf, ;r] t gf / cler] t gf d}n] ;flxlTos hLjgsf] yfngLdf ljZjsf ljleGg efiffdf n]lvPsf sljtf;Fu cfk"mnfO{ ;fIffTsf/ u/fpg] k|oTg u/]sf] lyPF . To;af6 s] cg'ej u/]F eg] dfG5] cIf/ k9]/ k':ts x'g] xf]Og . dfG5] cIf/ k9]/ dfG5] g} x'g] xf] . 1fg cfh{g ug{ cIf/ lglZrt ¿kn] ;xfos x'g] x'G5 t/ 1fg, cg'ej jf cg'elt / ;+jb] gf JolStdf ;Lldt x'g' x'Fb}g . To;nfO{ x:tfGt/0f of k':tfGt/0f ug'{ k5{ . Tof] x:tfGt/0f efiffsf] dfWodaf6 x'G5 t/ Tof] klxn] g} c¿sf nflu n]vs ] f] eg]/ 9f]n lk6\g] kIfdf d 5}g . Tof] klxnf d}n] cfˆg} nflu n]v]sf] x'G5' . Tof] k|sflzt / jflrt eO ;s]kl5 c¿sf] lglDt x'G5 / c¿sf] j:t' x'G5 . sljtf n]vgk|lt sljdf ;r]tgf / cler] t gf - meta poetic awareness_ x'g h?/L 5 . sljtfsf] cjwf/0ffaf/] s'/f ubf{ k"jL{o jf kfZrfTo l;4fGtsf] ;fdfGo uf]6L jf Kofbf eP/ sljn] sljtf n]Vg] xf]Og . tL k|rlnt ljleGg l;4fGt;F u kl/lrt x' g ] / ltgLx?k|lt lrgfhfgL a9fpg] ug'{ k5{ t/ ltgLx?af6 lgb{]lzt eP/ xf]Og, cfk"m cl3 a9\g] j|mddf cfk"mn] cfh{g u/]sf] 1fg, cg'el" t / cg'ejdf cfwfl/t eP/ sljn] To;nfO{ Odfgbf/Lk"j{s ;[hgfdf nfu' ug'{ k5{ . cfˆgf] sljtfaf/] cfk"m :ki6 x'g] jf cfkm}n] jsfnt ug]{ Ifdtf sljn] ljsl;t ug'{ k5{ . sljtf c:ki6 5 eg] Tof] s'/f klg Odfgbf/L– k"js { eGg ;Sg] cfF6 klg sljn] /fVg' k5{ eGg] kIfdf d 5' .
sljtfdf lghTj, gjLgtf / df}lnstf cleJoSt ug{ To;sf] ;Gbe{, ;+/rgf jf pb\bZ] ok|lt slj ;r]t x'g' k5{ . sljtfnfO{ s'g} ;fdfGo ;fwgsf] ¿kdf dfq k|of]u gu/L sljtfTds Odfgbf/Ltf sfod ug{ ;Sg' k5{ eGg] r]tgf cfkm}n] ljsl;t ug'{ k5{ / d}n] Tof] u/]sf] 5'' . oxL :ki6 cjwf/0ffsf ;fy d sljtf ;[hgfdf nfu]sf] 5' . d]/f] ljrf/df cfhsf] g]kfnL sljtfsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ b'O{ c9fO xhf/ jif{cl3 hlGdPsf k"jL{o / kfZrfTo sfJout l;4fGtaf6 x]l/g] k/Dk/faf6 d'St eO{ cfhs} hLjgkb\wlt, cfhs} cj:yf / l:yltdf ljZn]if0f u/]/ gofF l;4fGt / dfGotf k|ltkfbg ul/g' k5{ . To;s} cfwf/df cfhsf sljtfsf] JofVof / ljZn]if0f ug'{ k5{ . To;}n] slj / sljtfsf] ;DaGw / ;Gbe{ tyf n]vgLsf ;Gbe{df pm :ki6 x'g' k5{ . d}n] s] n]v]F, s'g d'8df n]v]F eg]/ sljn] cg'Tt/bfoL 9ª\un] pGd'lSt kfpg' x'bF g} . hLjg, k| s [ l t / sljtf sljtf k|sl[ t;Fu 3lgi7 /xFbf/xFb} jf hLjg;Fu cfj4 x'bF fx'bF } klg :jtGq cl:tTj lnP/ b]vf k5{ / kg'{ k5{ eGg]df d ljZj:t 5' t/ hLjg / k|sl[ t ;w}F kl/jt{gzLn / ultzLn 5g\ . sljtf hLjg / k|s[ltaf6 w]/} 6f9f 5}g . sljtfdf ;+ / rgf jf cleJolStut z}nLsf ;Gbe{df klg j|mlds ¿kdf To;df ultzLntf / kl/jt{g gcfO ;'v 5}g eGg] sfJout ultzLntfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug'{ k5{ . efg'eStsf kfnfdf jf To;eGbf kl5 / clxn] s} sljtfdf
sljtf ÷ 99
klg Ps} sljsf sljtfdf z}nL / cGo kl/j{tg b]vf kg{ ;S5g\ . sljtfdf lg/Gt/tf / kl/jt{gsf] j|md ;Fu;Fu} x'G5 . To; j]nf / clxn]sf hLjg / k|sl[ tsf ;Gbe{df w]/} leGgtf cfO ;s]sf] 5 . lhGbuL afFRbf cg'e"t u/]sf] jf ;txdf b]lvPsf] j:t' h:tf] xf]Og . csf{] s'/f, sljtfnfO{ s]jn aflx/L jf Ps txaf6 dfq} x]l/g' x'Fb}g . o;nfO{ ;du|tf -leq / aflx/ jf ;tx / ulx/fO_ af6 ;d]t x]l/g' k5{ . aflx/L ¿kdf b]lvg] ;txsf] ;fdfGo j:t' xf]Og sljtf . ToxfFaf6 s]jn Ps cfwf/ dfq pknAw x'G5 . sljtfdf ulx/fO x'G5 . sljtfdf prfO x'G5 . sljtfdf lj:tf/ x'G5 . lj:tfl/t ePkl5 sljtf nf]slk|o x'G5 . nf]slk|o sljtf lj:tfl/t x'G5 . x/]s sljsf x/]s sljtfdf TolTts} ulx/fO, prfO / lj:tf/ x'G5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf s;}n] ug{ ;Sb}g . leGgleGg lrGtg, leGg ;f]r / ulx/fO sljtfdf x'G5g\ t/ Ps} sljtf jf x/]s sljn] n]vsf sljtfdf TolTts} ulx/fO jf TolTts} prfO x'g ;S5 eGg] xf]Og, x'g ;s]df /fd|f] . sljtfsf] ulx/fO / cUnfO b]lvg]eGbf klg cg'e"t ul/g]] ljifo xf] . jf:tjdf sljtf n]Vbf n]Vb} sljtfsf] hLjg k|lj|mof;Fu 3lgi7 ¿kn] ;DalGwt eP/ d cfkm}n] ef]u]sf]] x'G5' . d cfkm}n] leqL txdf k'u]/ To;nfO{ cg'e"t u/]sf] x'G5' . clg Tof] sljtf Ps;/f] s07fu| klg x' g ] u5{ . d sljtfsf] ue{wf/0f jf lrGtgsf] txdf lakgfdf dfq xf]Og, ;kgfdf klg To;sf] l;h{gzLntfsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] k|lj|mofdf x'G5' . To;nfO{ lakgfdf NofP/ n]Vg]
100 ÷ sljtf
sf]l;; u5'{ / Tof] ul/g' k5{ . d]/f …t'n;L lbj;sf sljtfÚ ;ª\ux| leqsf …P6gf / ljz'leP;Ú, …lj/fdL /ftÚ jf cGo sljtf klg o;sf pbfx/0f x'g\ . To;df ;fdflhstf / k|fs[lts ¿kn] x]bf{ ;tx dfq geO{ ;txleq cGt/df k;]/ To;nfO{ aflx/ Nofpg] sfJout sf]l;; e/;s u/]sf] 5' . d]/f x/ sljtf n]vgsf] k5fl8 To;sf] cfˆg} lsl;dsf] k[i7e"ld, ;Gbe{, 36gf, cg'ej / lrGtgsf] k|lj|mof / l;nl;nf x'G5 . Tof] geOsg k|foM d sljtf n]lVbgF . d}n] lbOPsf] ljifo -zLif{s_ df sljtf n]vs ] f] 5}g . lbOPsf] zLif{s / zAb ;ª\Vofdf sljtf n]Vg] / k'/:s[t x'g] klg 5g\ . To;/L n]Vg ;Sg] v'aL klg sljsf ljz]iftf x'g ;Snfg\ . To;/L n]Vbf cWoogsf] uxgtf / ul/dfnfO{ wfGg ;Sg] :ki6 l:ylt x'Fb}g . casf] ;do km/s 5 . cWoog / pTt/bfloTjsf ;fy ;[hgfdf b]vf kg'{ k5{ . clg ;[hgfnfO{ ;Ddfg, ;Tsf/ / cfb/ kfpg ;Sg] / Tof] lng ;Sg] :t/df n}hfg' k5{ eGg] kIfdf d 5' . ljZj;F u sf] t' n gf, ;dfgtf / leGgtf d}n] g]kfnLsf] ;b\efj / z'e sfdgfn] Pl;ofsf dn]l;of, lkmlnlkG;, hfkfg, rLg, ef/t, blIf0f sf]l/of, a+unfb]z, kfls:tfg, l;ª\ufk'/sf ;fy} cd]l/sf / o'/f]k a]nfot, k|mfG;, :k]g, ?;, lkmgNofG8 cflb d'n'sdf ePsf ljZj sljtf jfrg, ;flxlTos ;df/f]x / ;f+:s[lts ;Dd]ng cflbdf ;xefuL eO{ sfo{kq k|:t'ltsf] k|z:t cj;/ kfPsf]
5' . To; j|mddf ljleGg ;qsf] cWoIftf klg u/]sf] 5' . ToxL gftfn] dnfO{ ljZjsf jl/i7 / k|l;4 ;+:s[ltljb\ n]vs slj;Fu JolStut txdf 3lgi7 ;DaGw :yfkgf ug{] / ;Dks{df cfpg] cj;/ pknAw ePsf] 5 . xfdLx? xfd|f sljtf ljZjsf cGo If]qsf sljtf;Fu s'g l:yltdf 5 eg]/ t'ngf ug{ vf]H5f} . dnfO{ s] nfU5 eg] g]kfnL sljtf g]kfnL h:t} x'G5, Tof] aª\ufnL, pb",{ cª\uh ]| L jf lxGbLdf n]lvP h:tf] x'Fb}g cyf{t\ sljtfdf :yfgut, sfnut tyf ;dfh, b]z / hfltn] ef]us ] f] ;+jb] gf / cg'el" t lglxt x'G5 . dnfO{ cGo d'n'ssf slj / sljtf;Fusf] cGtlj|mo{ fsf j|mddf af]w eof], ;[hgfsf If]qdf ;dfgtf xf]Og, leGgtf vf]Hg' k5{, Tof] a9L dxTTjk"0f{ x'G5 . cGo d'n's, efifL / hfltsf sljtfdf s] ;dfgtfeGbf s] leGgtf 5 eGg] x]bf{ ltgsf df}lnstf;Fu kl/lrt x'g] cj;/ k|fKt x'Fbf] /x]5 . To; sf/0f g] k fnL sljtfnfO{ t' n gf ubf{ ;dfgtfeGbf vf; s] leGgtf 5 eGg] s'/f a9L yfxf kfpg' h?/L 5 . g]kfnL sljtf eGg'sf] cy{ g]kfnL efiffdf n]lvPsf] sljtf dfq xf] eGg] xf]Og, To;df g]kfnL tTTj -element_ slTtsf] 5, Tof] x]l/g' k5{ . To; b[li6n] x]bf{ g]kfnL sljtf klg ljZj :t/sf cGo ljsl;t d'n'ssf sljtf;Fu k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;Sg] 9ª\un] cfpg ;Sg] l:ylt 5 . sf] b'Anf] jf sf] cUnf] eGg] s'/f s'g df] 6 f] / s' g xf] r f] ; F u t' n gf u/] / elgG5 . To; sf/0f ;fk]Iftfdf gx]/L w/ gx'g] l:ylt /x]5 . g]kfn}leq klg t'ngf ubf{ s'g hflt, s'g ;+:s[lt jf
s'g ef}uflns kl/j]zdf a;]sf dfG5]n] n]v]sf 5g\ eGg] cfwf/df x]g'{ kg{] x'G5 . ToxfFleq ljljwtf x'G5 . ljljw efiffsf j}ljWo sljtfdf cfpg] u/]sf] x'G5, Tof] cfk"mnfO{ lrgfpg] dfWod klg xf] . Tof] ljljwtf ;[hgfdf cfpg' k5{ . g]kfnL sljtf klg cfˆgf]kg lnP/ t'ngLo ¿kdf cl3 a9]sf] 5 . sljn] cfˆgf] sljtfk|lt Odfgbf/Ltf;fy k|:t't x'g] j|md rflxF a9fpg' k5{ . d"ntM ;[hgfx? cGt/ /fli6«o efiffdf cg'jfb geOsg To;nfO{ cGo kf7sn] cg'et" ug{ ;Sb}gg\ eGg] klg xf] O g . d ;g\ !(*% df hd{ g Lsf] x]dau{df ePsf] $& cf}F ljZj k]g sFu;]| df ljlzi6 cltly - u]:6 ckm cg/_ sf ¿kdf cfdlGqt eP/ hfFbf ToxfF ljZjsf sl/a ;ft ;o krf; slj n]vs;Fu ;fIffTsf/ ubf{ ToxL cg'ej u/]sf] 5' . ToxfF d}n] Pp6f ;qsf] cWoIftf klg u/]sf] lyPF . sfo{kq k|:t'lt / sljtf jfrg ePsf lyP . ToxL j|mddf Ps ljZjljBfnon] sljtf jfrgdf cfdGq0f u/]sf] lyof] . ToxfF cfˆgf sljtfnfO{ cg' j fb ;lxt jfrg ug{ vf] l hPsf] lyof] . ;|f]tfn] cfˆg} efiffdf sljtf ;'gfpg cfu|x u/]] . d}n] g]kfnLdf sljtf jfrg u/],F ;|ft] fx? Ps jf csf{] k|sf/n] t/ª\lut ePsf] / cg'e"t u/]sf] kfPF . clg dnfO{ s] nfUof] eg], sljtf cIf/df d'lb|t dfq gx'bF f] /x]5, o;af6 pTkGg Wjlg jf ;ª\uLtn] dflg;nfO{ cgf}7f] ¿kdf k|efj / c;/ kfbf{] /x]5 . To; sf/0f sljtfdf zAbsf] txaf6 l;w} cy{sf] txdf xfdkmfNg' x'Fb}g . sljtfnfO{ Ps cy{sf] ;Ldfaf6 dfly prfNg' k5{
sljtf ÷ 101
/ To;f] gubf{ sljtfnfO{ lkFh8fsf] aGbL agfOPsf] efg x'G5 . sljtfnfO{ zAb sf]ifLo cy{df geO ax'n cy{sf] p8fgdf 5fl8 lbg' k5{ . To;f] t, Ps efiffaf6 csf{] efiffdf hfFbf cg'jfb gu/L ljsNk 5}g, To;df efiffsf] ;fy} ;f+:s[lts tyf ;fdflhs 9ª\u / z}nLsf] klg cg'jfb x'g] u/L k|:t't ug'{ ;fdlos x'G5 . cg'jfbsf j|mddf slj / sljtfsf] kl/j]z, ;dfh, p;sf] hLjg kb\wlt / ;+:s[ltnfO{ klg k|s6 u/fpg' kg{] /x]5 . o; ;Gbe{df d]/f] csf{] cg'ej klg 5 . d}n] lj;+= @)!^ df …x[bosf] afnsÚ eGg] sljtf n]v]F . g]kfndf Tof] sljtf jfrg ubf{ ;|ft] fx? To;af6 k|ToIf cg'ej ul/ /x]sf x'Gy] . ToxL sljtf cª\ u | ] h Ldf cg' j fb u/] / Ps k6s cd]l/sfdf jfrg u/]F, s;}nfO{ klg 5f]Psf] kfOgF . To; sljtfdf /ft / lbgsf] ;Gbe{df lbgsf] d'vdf ds} e'6g\ ] xfF8Lsf] lkFwdf hd]sf] sfnf] df];f] nfu]kl5 /ft x'G5 eg]sf] lyPF . pgLx? t ldl;gaf6 e'6]sf] kksg vfG5g\ . xfdL xfF8Ldf ds} e'6\5f} . xfdLn] e'6]sf] ds} 9SsLdf /fVg] u/]sf] ;Gbe{nfO{ d}n] sljtfdf cfsfzsf] lgnf] 9SsLdf km'n p7]sf tf/fx? ;lhG5g\ eg]sf] 5' . cd]l/sfdf bfp/f afn]/ ds} e'6g\ ] ;+:s[lt x/fO;s]sf] 5 . To; sf/0f xfF8Ln] pgLx?nfO{ ;dft]g . xfd|f]df ToxL eGbf ‰jfDd ;dfTbf] /x]5 . ToxL sljtf hfkfgdf k9\bf cfwf h:tf] a'em]sf] cg'ej u/F] . To;}n] ;+:s[ltsf] lgs6tf -proximity of culture_ sf] klg dxTTj x'G5 . Tof] Pp6f ljZjJofkL a'emfpg] / csf{] :yfgLo k|sl[ t / ;dfh ;fk]If x'bF f]
/x]5 . cg'jfb efiffGt/ dfq xf]Og, Ps ;+:s[ltaf6 csf{] ;+:s[ltdf hfg] k|lj|mof / sfo{ klg xf] . o;df ;fd"lxs n]vg / cGtlj|m{ of u/]/ of] eGg vf]hs ] f] jf Tof] eGg vf]hs ] f] eg]/ ul/g' k5{{ eGg] d}n] cg'ej u/]F . slj JolStTj / jfrgsf] ;fdYo{ d}n] k|foM eGb} cfPsf] 5', slj eg]sf] cefju|:t lhGbuL afFRg ljjz k|f0fL xf] eGg] s'/faf6 xfdL d'St x'g' k5{ . slj eg] s f] bf¥xL kfn] s f] , RofltPsf] n'uf jf rKkn nufpg] x'g' k5{ eGg] xf]Og . p;n] c¿sf] ;fwg pkof]u u/]/ dfq} afFRg' k5{ eGg] klg 5}g . p;sf hlt ;fwg ;|ft] 5g\ To;sf] snfTds pkof]u ug{ pm :jtGq 5 / x'g' k5{ . s] sljn] ljz]if lghL uf8L r9\g gx'g] < s] sljn] cfkm\gf] ljz]if 3/ agfpg' gx'g] < To;f] t, sljtf n]v]/ ;du| hLjg u'hf/f x'G5 t eGg] ;Gbe{ klg 5 . sljtf n]vg k];f x'g ;s]df /fd|f], ;s]g eg] klg /fi6«n] slj / sljtfnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ ;Sg' k5{ . xfd|f]df ;[hgfnfO{ a9L dxTTj lbP/ ;|i6fnfO{ k[i7e"lddf /flvPsf] jf a]jf:tf ul/Psf] kfOPsf] 5 . sfnhoL /rgfsf/ 5 eg] klg lhpFbf]df pkrf/ vr{ gx'g] clg d/]kl5 dxfg\ ;|i6f egL ;Ddfg lbOg]] ul/G5 . Tof] ul/g' x'Fb}g . d]/f] xsdf eGg] xf] eg] /fHon] s]xL lbPg jf lbg' k5{ eGg] 5}g, ;w}F o:tf] l:ylt t g/xnf . d cfˆgf] cfTd ;Ddfg klg sfod ug{ rfxG5' . To;f] t, sd pd]/df -sfG5f]_ k|f1 ePsf] x'F / clxn] klg cfhLjg
102 ÷ sljtf
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;b:o 5' . d}n] u/]sf] eGbf w]/} kfPsf] 5', o;df ;a}k|lt s[t1 5' . cgfjZos ¿kn] bfaL ub{} lxF8\g] sfd klg d ulb{gF . d h:tf] ;a}n] kfPsf 5g\ ls 5}gg\ < k|Zg of] xf] . b]z ef}lts ¿kdf dfq xf]Og, ;f+:s[lts / ;[hgfTds, dfgl;s / cfGtl/s ¿kdf TolTts} ljsl;t ul/g' k5{ . /fHon] ;|i6fsf] ;Ddfg / ;[hgsf] ljsf; Ps};fy u/fpg] sfd ug'{ k5{ . sljn] klg p8Gt] jf cfbz{sf] s'/f ug{,] cfk"m kfngf gug{] / clg c¿nfO{ pkb]z dfq lbg] sfd ug'{ xF'b}g . c¿nfO{ lzIff lbg] cfk"m kfngf gug{] å}w rl/q /fv]/ slj cl3 a9\g' x'Fb}g . p;n] cfk"mnfO{ 9fF6g\ ' x'Gg, cfˆgf] ;f]r / lrGtgk|lt :ki6 x'g' k5{ . jfrgsf ;Gbe{df eGg' kbf{, d}n] sljtf jfrg u/]sf] jf af]ns ] fdf dflg; k|efljt ePsf] b]v]sf] / ;'g]sf] 5' . sljtfnfO{ cIf/df lnlkj4 eP/ aGbL x'g ljjz u/fOg' x'Fb}g . sljtf d'b|0f ubf{ xfO u/]/ cf]5o\ fgaf6 p7\g] k|oTg u/]sf] t/ cf]5o\ fg g5f8]sf] cj:yfdf x'G5 . ha o;nfO{ Wjlgdf pRrl/t ul/G5, sljtfn] lxF88'n u/]sf] x'G5 . sljtf hLjGt eP/ b]vf k5{ . jfrg u/]kl5 sljtfdf sljn] eGg vf]hs ] f] s'/f s] xf], :ki6 ¿kn] cfˆgf] cfFvfn] cufl8 gb]v] klg cg'e"t ug{ ;lsG5 . Tof] sljn] dfq xf]Og, c¿n] klg sljsf sljtfnfO{ To;/L g} jfrg ug]{ ;+:s[lt ljsl;t ug'{ k5{ eGg] kIfdf d 5' . sljtf d'lb|t jf lnlkdf cfPkl5 dfq k"0f{ x'Fb}g, pRrl/t ePkl5 k"0f{ x'G5 . jfrgaf6 g} slj / sljtfsf] klxrfgnfO{
aflx/ Nofpg ;lsG5 . sljn] sljtfsf] ;ª\uLt, no / dfqfnfO{ aflx/ Nofpg] u/L jfrg ug'{ k5{ . sljtfdf no x'G5 . Tof] uB sljtfdf klg x'G5 . jfrgdf Tof] k|s6 x'G5 . Tof] Wjlgdf dfq xf]Og, ljrf/, cg'ej / ;+jb] gfsf] ;"Idtd\ cg'el" tnfO{ :ki6 u/fpg ;zSt jfrg cfjZos x'G5 . af]Nbfv]/L klg cfafhx? :jtM lrlKng], l56f] lxF8g\ ,] sxLF cf/fd ug{,] WjlgnfO{ :jfefljs clego lbg] j|md h?/L 5 . ca sljtf cIf/df b]lvg], sfgn] ;'lgg] dfq xf]Og, sljtf g} b]Vg ;Sg] u/fpg' sljtf jfrgsf] snf xf] . kf7s / ;|f]tfnfO{ sljtf pRrf/0f ug{ ;Sg] agfpg' k5{ . cfufdL ofqf d}n] dfly klg eg],F sljtfk|ltsf] d]/f] cfˆg} ljZjf; / cf:yf clxn] klg TolTts} b[9 5 . hLjgdf JolStut kL8f w]/} eof] t/ sljtfsf sf/0fn] d slxn] klg yflsgF . d hLjgdf ;w}F OGb|0] fLo'St /ª\uLg ;'v dfq} b]Vg rfxGgF . hLjgdf psfnf] cf]/fnf], sfF8f, 3fd kfgL / ;'v b'v ;a} 5 . o;nfO{ hLjgsf] cleGg cª\u agfpg' k5{ . d}n] b]zleq klg /fd|f] / b]z aflx/ Ps} sljtf jfrgaf6 ?=@%,))).– -klRr; xhf/_ ;Dd kfl/>lds kfPF, Tof] sljtf n]vg ofqfsf] ;'vb If0f xf] . dnfO{ 7fpF 7fpFdf af]Ng, k|lzIf0f lbg af]nfOG5, To;sf] klg kfl/>lds lbOG5 . ljb]zdf t /]l8of], 6]lnlehg / kq klqsfdf cGtjf{tf{ lbFbf klg kfl/>lds lbOG5 . g]kfndf rflxF of] ;+:sf/ / ;+:s[lt cem} cfPsf] 5}g .
sljtf ÷ 103
h] xf];,\ slj x/]s cfˆgf sljtfdf leHg' k5{ / s'g} ljifosf] k|Zg jf 1fgsf] pTt/ ToxfF e]l6g' k5{ eGg] d]/f] dfGotf 5 . h:tf], d wgs'6fdf hGd],F x'ls{PF / a9]F . clxn] nfdf] ;dob]lv nlntk'/df a:5' tyflk To; j]nfsf ofb lj:d[t ePsf 5}gg\ . To; j]nf df]6/ af6f] lyPg . xfdL w/fg wgs'6fsf] ofqf ul/ /xGYof}F . Tof] af6f]df ;fF3/' Lsf] cf]/fnf] / wf/fkfgLsf] psfnf] lxF 8 \ Y of} F . w/fgaf6 hfF b f ;fF3'/Lsf] cf]/fnf], wgs'6faf6 cfpFbf ToxL wf/fkfgLsf] psfnf] . Tof] af6fsf] gfd b'O{ j6f s;/L eof] < km]bLaf6 ;'? ubf{ Tof] af6f] psfnf], r'r/' faf6 ;'? ubf{ ToxL af6f] cf]/fnf] . ToxL eP/ d}n] n]v]F=== …pSnFbf pSnFb} psfnf]df pSn]sf] af6f] g} cf]ln{Pkl5 pSng]sf] klg s]xL nfUbf] /x]g5====Ú af6f] agfPsf] t dfG5]n] xf] t/ Pp6f l:yltdf k'uk] l5 af6f]n] dflg;nfO{ 8'nfpFbf] /x]5 . jf:tjdf x/]s dflg;sf] hLjg psfnf] r9] h:tf] / cf]/fnf] em/] h:tf] eO /x]sf]] x'G5 . dfG5]n] af6f]nfO{ cfk"mn] 8f]¥ofpg] k|of; ug'{ k5{ . gofF k':tfdf cfk"mn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] ;+/rgf / ;fdu|Ln] dflg;nfO{ g} ljgfz ug'{ x'Fb}g . d]/f ljleGg gofF sljtfsf, k'/fgf]sf] gofF ;+:s/0fsf] ;+oS' t jf cnu s[lt lgsfNg], cg'jfb ug{,] cª\uh ]| Lsf] km/s k':ts Nofpg] tof/L 5 . gofF sljtf n]Vg] j|md /f]lsPsf] 5}g t/ sljtf n] v gsf] uef{ w fgsf] ;do nlDaPsf] 5 . d}n] sltko sljtf t n]Vg g} afFsL 5, tL dleq} 5g\, dnfO{
104 ÷ sljtf
yfxf 5}g, d hLljt x'Gh]n tL sljtf lg:sG5g\ jf lg:sFb}gg\ . d sljtfnfO{ hah{:tL zNo lrlsT;f u/]/ lgsfNg] kIfdf 5}g . xfdLleq olt 7fpF /x]5 ls ;a} k':tsfno Pp6f lrK;\df c6] h:tf] slxn] sfxLF dgleq sljtf ;ª\ux| eP/ a:g ;Sbf] /x]5 . ToxfF olt 7fpF /x]5, slxn] sfxLF Ps} sljtfn] 7'nf] 7fpF lnP h:tf] nfU5, slxn] sfxLF w]/} sljtfn] klg el/Fbf] /x]5 . ;[hgfsf j|mddf nfu]sf] em6\sf / t/ª\u cg'et" ug{] j|md rln /xG5 . ;s];Dd tL dleqsf sljtf aflx/ lgsfNg] kIfdf 5' . d}n] sltko sljtf cfk"mn] eg]/ c¿nfO{ n]vfPsf] 5' . w]/} lrGtg / ljrf/ eO /xFbf cleJoSt ug{ jf n]vgLdf Nofpg EofO gEofO x'G5 . cg'ej a9L ePdf n]vgdf hLljt x'bF g} , af]Nb} hfFbf :jf6\6 cfpF5 . To; cl3 dleq hd]/ /x]sfn] g} To;/L cfPsf x'g\ . To;sf] klg cfˆg} l;nl;nf x'G5 . cGTodf, hLjgdf gofF gofF cg'ej ljsl;t eO ;s]sf x'G5g\ . d]/f] xsdf klg ToxL xf] . x/]s sljtf km/s km/s x'G5 . gofF gofF sljtfsf] ;[hgfdf gofF k':tfsf JolStn] lg/Gt/tf lbg' k5{, gofF k':tfn] k/Dk/f cfk"mdf xfjL x'g lbg' x'Fb}g, To;f] ePdf Tof] gSsn -An' lk|G6_ x'G5 . d]/f sljtfsf] k|efjaf6 klg gofF k':tfn] s]xL l;Sg] xf] eg] To;sf] lg/Gt/tf geO{ k|:t'lt, :yfg, ljrf/ / ;Gbe{;uF } cnu k|efj kfg{] nIosf cnu sljtf n]lvg' k5{ .
k|:t'lt M k|sfz l;njfn
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;dsfnLg g]kfnL sljtfdf blnt r]tgf 8f= n]v k|;fb lg/f}nf != ljifo k|j]z blnt zAbsf] ;f]emf] cy{ bdg ul/Psf], lylrPsf] jf s'lNrPsf] eGg] xf] . o; zAbn] j}lbs sfndf z"b| elgg] ;d'bfonfO{ ;ª\s]t ub{Yof] -e6\6/fO{, @)&) M !*$_ . jt{dfg ;Gbe{df cy{ut lj:tf/sf sf/0f o;nfO{ cg] s kl/efiffx?sf dfWodaf6 JofVof ul/G5 . ob\olk blnt zAbsf] k|rlnt cy{n] lglZrt hfltx?nfO{ dfq ;ª\st] u/]sf] dflgG5 tfklg blntnfO{ hfltdf dfq ga'em]/ Pp6f ju{s} ¿kdf a'‰g' kg]{ x'G5 . elgG5, hf] hGdFb} j0f{ Joj:yfsf sf/0f c5't ju{df kb{5g\ / ;dfg ¿kdf ;fdflhs xs, clwsf/ cyjf k|lti7f nufotsf cGo dfgj ;/x hLjg lgjf{x ug{ kfpFb}gg\ ltg} blnt x'g\ . blnt cfof]un] klg blnt ;d'bfo eGgfn] hftLo e]befj / 5'jf5'tsf] df/df k/L ;fdflhs, cfly{ s , z} l Ifs, /fhgLlts Pjd\ wfld{s If]qdf ;dfhsf] ;a}eGbf k5fl8 kfl/Psf] / dfgjLo ;Ddfg Pjd\ ;fdflhs Gofo kfpg g;s]sf] hft ;d'bfonfO{ a'emfpF5 eGg] s'/f k|:6 kf/]sf] 5 . j:t'tM blnt hflt dfq geP/ ;d'bfo klg xf] . ;a}h;f] hflt / ;d'bfodf 5't, c5't, pr, lgr /
dflyNnf] jf tNnf] h:tf lje]bx? /x]sf x'G5g\ -1jfnL M !^#_ . o;n] Pp6f juL{o ;d:ofsf] ¿k klg wf/0f ul/ ;s]sf] 5 . dw];L ;d'bfodf rdf/, d';x/ h:t} g]jf/ ;d'bfodf klg kf]8] / Rofd] 5g\ . kxf8L lxGb" ;dfhdf sfdL bd}, ;fsL{ eP h:t} blntleq} klg pRr gLrsf] k/Dk/f 5 . To;}n] of] hftLo ;d:of dfq xf]Og, juL{o ;d:of klg xf] -1jfnL, @)&) M !^#_ . >d ljefhgsf sf/0f ;dfhdf pTkGg lje]b :j¿k blntx?sf] ju{ lgwf{/0f ePsf] xf] . sfd ug]{ / gug],{ sfd u/] klg /fd|f] sfd / g/fd|f] jf cK7\of/f] sfd ug]{ tyf nafO v'jfOdf Pjd\ ;/;kmfO cflbdf la:tf/} b]vf kb}{ uPsf leGgtfsf sf/0f blntx? 5'66\ } ju{df ljeflht x'g k'u]sf x'g\ . k|f/Dedf >d cg';f/sf] ju{ ljefhgnfO{ af}bl\ ws Pjd\ ;DkGg ju{n] dg':d[lt h:tf wd{zf:q cflbsf] lgdf{0f ub}{ cfk"mnfO{ ;w}F dfly kfg]{ s' l 6n k| j [ l Ttsf sf/0f blntx?sf] hLjg:t/ k|efljt aGb} uPsf] xf] . pgLx?af6 la:tf/} dfgjLo Jojxf/df ;d] t km/skg b] v fpg' n ] ;fdfhdf blntx?sf] dfgjLo d"No klg emg} v:sFbf] cj:yftkm{ nlDsPsf] xf] . cfo{ / cgfo{larsf] b"/L tyf zf/Ll/s j0f{ut
sljtf ÷ 105
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leGgtfsf sf/0f ;d]t blntx?sf] 5'66\ } ju{ lgwf{/0f x'g yfn]sf] xf] . g]kfnsf blntx? ;lbof}bF l] v n]Vg, k9\g / ;DklQ sdfpgaf6 jl~rt kfl/P . g]kfnnfO{ c;nL lxGb':tfg agfpg] j|mddf !(() ;fndf b]z ;~rfng ug]{ d"n sfg'g} hft cg';f/ 7'nf] / ;fgf], 5't / c5't, kfgL rNg] / grNg] gLltsf] cfwf/df lgdf{0f ul/of] . @))& ;fndf k|hftGq cfPkl5 dfq lxDdt ug{ ;Sg] blntn] n]Vg, k9\g / ;DklQ sfdfpg 5'6 kfP -;'Gbf;, @)&) M #*_ . jf:tjdf blnt r]tgf eGg' klg blntsf cfˆgf hLjg ef] u fO;F u } df}nfPsf cg'e"ltx? g} x'g\, h;nfO{ ;dsfnLg g] k fnL sljtfx?n] lgs} xb;Dd k|sfz kfg]{ sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .
@= g]kfnL sljtf k/Dk/f M blnt r] t gfsf ;fk] I ftfdf ;dfhsf tdfd ultljlwx?nfO{ ;flxTon] cfTd;ft\ u/]sf] x'G5 eg] blnt ;flxTodf blntsf] hLjg, p;sf] b'v;'v ;fdflhs l:ylt, cf:yf, cgf:yf, zf]if0f pTkL8g cflbsf] k|lt/f]wsf] l:yltnfO{ ulx/fOdf k'u/] snfTds ¿kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] x'G5 -nfn @))* M !%_ . o;df z"bT| jaf6, prgLr kbfg'jm| daf6, zf]if0f cflbaf6 ;dfhnfO{ d'St u/fO{ ;dtfjfbL ;fdfhsf] lgdf{0fdf hf]8 lbOG5 -cf]emf, @)&) M @#*_ . g]kfnL ;flxTodf blnt r]tgfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbFb} n]lvPsf cg]sf}F cleJolStx? kfOG5g\ . sljtf ljwfsf cltl/St syf, pkGof;, gf6s nufotsf ljwfx?df ;d]t blnt r]tgf ;DaGwL :j/x? JoQm ePsf 5g\ . o;sf] :kz{af6 g]kfnL ;flxTosf] s'g} klg ljwf jl~rt 5} g . 106 ÷ sljtf
g]kfnL sljtf k/Dk/fn] k|fylds sfnb] l v dfWolds x' F b } cfw' l gs sfn;Ddsf] ofqf lgwf{/0f ul/ ;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . oxfF;Dd cfO k'Ubf o;n] k|f/lDes sfndf jL/tfhGo ljifo j:t' / O{Zj/Lo lrGtg tyf dfWolds sfndf z[ªu\ fl/s ;Gbe{ ljz]ifnfO{ k|dv ' tfsf ;fy cfTd;ft\ u/]sf] 5 . To;} u/L cfw'lgs sfnsf] yfngL;Fu} o;df ljifo j:t' u t ljljwtf / efiffz} n Lut kl/kSjtf h:tf ljz]iftfx? klg ylkFb} uPsf 5g\ . hftLo lje] b Pjd\ c:k[Zotfsf] lj/f]w g]kfnL ;dfhdf w]/} klxn]b]lv eP klg ;[hgfdf o;sf] cleJolSt g]kfnL sljtfsf] k|fylds sfnsf] ;]/f]km]/f]af6 x'g cf/De ePsf] xf] -lu/L, @)&@ M *_ . cyf{t\, k|fylds sfnLg elStwf/f;Fu} ljsl;t lgu'{0f elStwf/fsf sljx?af6 g]kfnL sljtfdf blnt r]tgfsf] aLhfwfg ePsf] xf] . ob\olk blnt ljifos g]kfnL ;flxTosf] vf]hsf nflu bfz{lgs a'b\wb]lv ;Gt sljx? zzLw/, 1fglbn bf;, of]udfof / kl5Nnf] r/0fsf ;flxTosf/;Ddsf /rgflt/ Wofg lbg' h?/L x'G5 -dxh{g, @)&) M @$_ . hftLo lje]bhGo :j/nfO{ ;dfj]z ug{] hf];dgL ;Dk|bfosf pSt ;Gt sljx? jf:tjd} pNn] v gLo dflgG5g\ . pgLx?af6} klxnf] k6s g]kfnL ;dfhdf ljb\odfg hftLo e]befj / To;df klg a|fXd0fjfbsf lj?b\w r]tgf km}nfpg] sfo{ ePsf] xf] . ;dsfnLg g] k fnL sljtfsf] alnof] k[i7e"ld jf cfwf lznfdWo] cfw'lgs :jR5GbtfjfbL dxfslj nIdL k|;fb b]jsf]6f klg Ps x'g\ . pgsf ;flxlTos ;[hgfx?df hlt efjfj]usf] tLj|tf 5 Tolt g} ;zSt ;fdflhs
o'u af]wsf] r]tgf / dfgjtfjfbL lrGtg klg 5 . blnt r]tgfsf b[li6n] k|fylds sfndf aLhfwfg ePsf] ljb|fx] sf] :j/ b]jsf]6fs} ;[hgfx?af6 6';fpg yfn]sf] xf] . pgsf] d'gfdbg -!((@_ df JoSt dflg; 7' n f] lbnn] x' G 5 hftn] x'Fb}g eGg] ;Gbe{df dflg;lar ljb\odfg hftLo lje]b / tTsfnLg e]befju|:t g]kfnL ;fdflhs cj:yfnfO{ uDeL/ 9ª\uaf6 p7fPsf] kfOG5 . To:t} pgsf …bdfO{ bfOÚ -@)!)_ …Ps ;' G b/L RofldgLk|ltÚ -@)!#_, …;fsL{Ú -@)!%_ cyjf …ofqLÚ -!((%_ h:tf sljtfx?df ;d]t hftLo e]befjk|ltsf] cfj|mf]z Pjd\ dfgjtfjfbL r]tgfsf] x'ª\sf/ kfOG5 . To;kl5 hftLo 5' j f5' t sf sf/0f clezKt ;dfhnfO{ afns[i0f ;dsf] lr;f] r'Xnf nf] -@)!%_ dxfsfJon] dd{:kzL lsl;daf6 ;d] 6 ] s f] kfOG5 . ;fy} , ;dosf] cGt/fn;Fu} df]bgfy k|l>tsf dfgj -@)@#_ dxfsfJo / b] j f;' / ;ª\u|fd -@)#)_ df ;d]t ju{åGåsf ;fk] I ftfdf clehfTo ju{ / blnt hLjgsf] j:t' oyfy{nfO{ cf}NF ofpg] k|of; ePsf] b]lvG5 . slj s]jnk'/] ls;fgsf sljtfx?n] blnt r]tgfsf] :j/nfO{ cem ulx/fO;Dd k'u/] k|:t't ug]{ k|of; u/]sf 5g\ . o; b[li6n] pgsf] nfx'/] ;fsL ;fsL{ -@)@(_ zLif{ssf] sljtf pNn]vgLo /x]sf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df l;b\lw r/0f >]i7, s[i0f rGb|l;+x k|wfg,, /ljnfn clwsf/L, dxfgGb ;fksf]6f cflbsf] of]ubfg klg ljlzi6 lsl;ds} dflgG5 . ob\ o lk k|f/Dedf blnt r]tgf ;DaGwL ;zSt :j/x? d'vl/t ug]{ ;flxTosf/x? k|foM u}/blnt g} b]vf kb{5g\ . xf], pgLx?sf cleJolStx? lgtfGt blnt r]tgfdf dfq ;Lldt g/x]/ sltko cj:yfdf ju{åGå
/ k|foh;f] dfgjtfjfbL lrGtgsf ;fk]Iftfdf ljsl;t ePsf 5g\ . g] k fnL sljtf k/Dk/fdf blntx?af6 klg blnt r]tgfnfO{ ;dfj]z ug]{ sfo{ x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . vf; u/L lj=;+= @))^ sf] cf;kf;b]lv g} o; sfo{sf] yfngL ePsf] xf] . l/knfn ljZjsdf{sf] wfld{s k':tsnfO{ 5f]8\g] xf] eg] @))^ ;fnlt/ 6L=cf/=ljZjsdf{n] sljtf dfkm{t blnt n]vgsf] yfngL u/]sf x'g\ . pgn] leQ] klqsf k|sfzgsf j| m ddf sljtfsf dfWodaf6 blnt ;flxTo n]Vg yfn]sf x'g\ -;'Gbf;, @)&) M #(_ . pgsf afFRg] 7'nf] -@)!&_, d'6' / df6f] -@)%)_, o'uLg ;r]gtfsf :j/x? -@)^$_ h:tf sljtf ;ª\ux| x? k|sflzt 5g\ . ;fy}, dfgjtf lj/f]wL ;[hgfsf b[li6n] pgsf] eSs'nfO{ /fFuff] -@)!(n]=_ sljtfTds ;[hgf lgs} rlr{t dflgG5 . To:t} hjfx/ /f]Ssfsf] s:tf eO ;SYof}F -@)@&_ sljtf klg blnt r]tgfsf b[li6n] dxTTjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . csf{ slj kbd ;'Gbf;sf] vf]n 9f]sf cfF;' xfd|f] ;xf/f 5 -@)@!_ zLif{ssf] sljtf k|sflzt ePsf] kfOG5 . csf{ ;flxTosf/ 8Da/ kxf8Lsf d] r L lsgf/sf sljtfx? -@)#!_ / k|x/ -@)%(_ gfds sljtf ;ª\ u | x x? k|sflzt 5g\ . pgnfO{ k|ltefzfnL cu' j f blnt ;| i 6fsf ¿kdf lng] ul/G5 . g]kfnL efiffsf sljtfdf @)#% ;fnotf, j:t'tM @)#%÷#^ sf] hg ;ª\3if{ / hgdt ;ª\ux| b]lv otfsf] l;ª\u} ;do ;d;fdlos sfnv08 xf] -kf08]o, @)&) M !#(_ . of] cjlw g} blnt r]tgfsf b[li6n] g]kfnL sljtf ;flxTosf] pj{/ cjlw dflgG5 . o; cjlwdf blnt
sljtf ÷ 107
;flxTosf/x?af6} k|z:t dfqfdf blnt r]tgf ;DaGwL ;[hgfx? k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . To;} j|mddf ;dsfnLg blnt ;flxTosf/ /ljdfg ndh]nsf] ;flxlTos of]ubfg pNn]vgLo b]lvG5 . pgn] g]kfnL ;flxTodf ljljw ljwfx?sf dfWodaf6 of]ubfg k'¥ofpFb} cfP tfklg pgsf k|sflzt sljtf ;ª\u|xx? pGd'lStsf cfj]ux? -@)$*_, ;[hgfsf 5fnx? -@)^)_, dgleqsf v'Nb'nLx? -@)^@_ / tdf]/ lsgf/sf sljtfx? -@)&)_ cflb x'g\ . To:t} blnt r]tgfsf b[li6n] csf{ ;zSt ;|i6f Pjd\ lrGts ;flxTosf/ cfx'lt x'g\ . j}rfl/s s[ltsf cltl/St pgsf tk:jLsf uLtx? -@)$(_ / ux' F u f] / f] clk| m sf -@)&!_ h:tf sljtfTds s[ltx? k|sflzt 5g\ . To;} j|mddf b]vf kg]{ cGo slj ;|i6f / ltgsf s[ l tx?df ¿knfn ljZjsdf{ s f o' u km] l /F b f -@)$$_ / dfG5] s f] vf] h L -@)$*_ gfds uLt Pjd\ sljt ;ª\ux| x?, 5ljnfn ljZjsdf{sf] dfgj dof{bfsf uLtx? -@)%) M uLt ;ª\ux| _, df]tLnfn g]kfnLsf] ;'gufef / ;kgfx? -@)%#_, /fd a;'sf] nfx nfx''/af6 lr6\6\7L /af6 3/nfO{ lr 7L -@)%$, sfJo_, ls;fg k|d] Lsf ufpF a:tL /f]O /x]sf] 5 -@)%(_ sljtf ;ª\ux| , uha 5 dfG5 dfG5] -@)^#_ uhn ;ª\ux| / r] t gf -@)^(_ gfds uLltsfJox? kb{5g\\ . To:t} ;L=Pd=ljZjsdf{sf] blnt a:tLsf ;' ; ] n Lx? -@)%^_, ls/0f bgf{nsf] dgsf t/ª\u -@)%(_, w|j' s'df/ kl/of/sf] cfafh -@)^)_, /fd axfb'/ kl/of/sf] j]bgf -@)^)_, v]d g]kfnLsf] cf:yfsf] v]tL -@)^!_, ¿k axfb'/ kl/of/sf] d'lStsf :j/x? -@)^@_, k~r s'df/L kl/of/sf] ;kgf / cfFvfx? -@)^@_ tyf h'7L -@)&)_,
108 ÷ sljtf
uf]ljGb g]kfnLsf] cGhfg cK;/fnfO{ /ljsf] kq -@)^#_, aL=s]= ;]jssf] dfG5] / df6f df6f] -@)^#_, lji0f' axfb'/ ljZjsdf{sf] h'gL -@)^$ M v08sfJo_, w|j' ;Tosf] askq -@)^%_ z]/ axfb'/ ljZjsdf{sf] e'se's] pHofnf] -@)^%_, bLk]Gb| /;fOnLsf] sljtf, uLt, uhn / d -@)^%_ tyf kG5Lx?sf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng -@)^&_, ¿kl;+x ljZjsdf{sf] ;do ;Gbe{ -@)^&_ / zf]ef b'nfnsf] Hjfnfd' v L k' m 6] k l5 -@)^*_ cflb sljtf ;ª\ u | x x? k| s flzt ePsf kfOG5g\ . o:t} cGo bltn r]tgf ;DaGwL ;flxTosf/x?df wg s'df/L ;'gf/, ;fg'efO ljZjsdf{, sdn ljs, df]xg ljs, cd[t vftL, ;fg' kxf8L, ljj|md g]kfnL, hgfb{g ljof]uL, b]jG] b| ;St]g, bnjL/ a/fOnL, hª\u kxf8L, a'b\w l;+x a/fOnL, zfGtf g]kfnL, s[i0f kl/of/, k"0f{ g]kfnL cª\s/' , lbn ;xgL, Clifafa' kl/of/, /g axfb'/ /Dt]n, emnsdfg uGwj{, ;'efif bgf{n, ho/fd ;'Gbf;, cd[t kl/of/, wf]O/f] sfdL, ;Tof kxf8L, uª\uf g]kfnL, u0f]z ljZjsdf{, 5q axfb'/ g]kfnL, sfn'l;+x /gkx]n F L, ;'efif bgf{n, ho/fd ;'Gbf;, ;Ltf ljZjsdf{ / a'gf ljZjsdf{ cflb /x]sf 5g\ . ;dsfnLg sljtfdf blnt r]tgfnfO{ d'vl/t ug]{ cGo ;flxTosf/ / ltgsf sljtfTds ;[hgfx?sf] ;"rL klg lgs} nfdf] tof/ eO ;s]sf] 5 . tLdWo] /fhLjsf] ;+;f/ kmnfdsf] xf], kfl/hftsf h'7L bldlgLsf] cleJolSt / Pp6L :jf:gL dfG5] , s[ i 0f ;] g OR5' s sf cflbjf;L jif{ / levf/Lbf; ;fbf ;fbf, l;D7f/f] wfg wfg,
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#= ;dsfnLg g]kfnL sljtfdf blnt r] t gfsf cGtj{ : t' x ? b+ lnt r]tgfsf ;Gbe{df d"ntM lxGb" j0f{ Joj:yfsf sf/0f pTkGg ;d:ofs]Gb|L ljifo j:t'n] k|wfgtf kfPsf] x'G5 . hftLo k/Dk/fu|:t ;dfhdf blntx?nfO{ c5't hfltsf ¿kdf x]g]{ kb\wlt :j¿k To;af6 d'lStsf nflu blntx?sf] r]tgf hfUg' k5{ eGg] ljrf/n] k|fyldstf kfpF5 . To;leq a|fXd0f– jfbsf] s8f k|ltjfb x'g' k5{ eGg] lrGtg ;d]t cGtlg{lxt x'G5 . a|fXd0fjfbL k|j[lTtsf sf/0f Psy/LnfO{ hGdhft ¿kdf kljq ju{ / csf]{ y/LnfO{ ckljq cyf{t\ 5f]Ol56f] ug]{ ju{sf ¿kdf :yflkt ul/Psf] cj:yf 5 . j:t'tM ;dfhdf JofKt k"jf{ux| , vf]jm| f cfbz{, dfgj lj/f]wL d"No / c;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t ;dfh Joj:yfsf] lj/f]w g} blnt r]tgfsf] d'Vo rf;f]leq kb{5 -rfkufO{+, @)&) M *!_ . o; k|jl[ Ttdf h;/L blnt ju{sf ¿kdf
Pp6f lglZrt hflt ;d"xnfO{ c5't dflgPsf] x'G5 To;/L g} blntleq klg k/:k/df c5'ts} ¿kdf Jojxf/ ug'{ k5{ dGg] dfGotf klg sfod} /xG5 . To;}n] blnt r]tgfsf ¿kdf To:tf h'g;'s} lsl;dsf c:k[Zo cjwf/0faf6 d'lStsf nflu ;ª\3if{ ug'{ kg]{ s'/fn] k|>o kfpF5 / zf]if0f jf pTkL8gsf lj?b\wsf] :j/ klg 3lGsPsf] x'G5 . #=! lxGb" j0f{ j fbsf] lj/f] w ;dsfnLg g] k fnL sljtfdf kfOg] Pp6f d"ne"t blnt r]tgfsf ¿kdf lxGb" j0f{jfbsf] lj/f]w /x]sf] 5 . lxGb" wd{ ;+:s[ltsf cf8df ljsl;t hftLo k/Dk/fn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf rf/ hftdWo] kfgL crn hftsf ¿kdf z" b | n fO{ lnOG5 . o:tf] c5't jf c:k[Zo hft lgwf{/0f ug]{ a|fXd0fjfbsf cu'jfx?sf] s' l 6n k| j [ l Ttk| l t ;dsfnLg blnt sljtfx?df v' n ] / cfnf] r gf ePsf] kfOG5 . To;}n] t slj /fd axfb'/ kl/of/n] j]bgf uLlt ;ª\ux| df eg]sf 5g\– cnUu} a;L eft vfG5g\ bdfO{ ljjfx hGtdf z'e sfo{df cl3 nfOG5g\ 5f]Ol56f] cGtdf . -kl/of/, @)^)v_ To:t} csf{ slj v]d g]kfnLn] cfˆgf] kfgL rNb}g /] zLif{ssf] sljtf dfkm{t eg]sf 5g\– kfgL rNb} g /] t/ /ut rNb5 s}n];Dd o:tf] 9f]FuL hut rNb5 < -g]kfnL, @)^! M !%_ slj b]j]Gb| ;Sg]tn] ;d]t eg d]/f] /utsf] /ª s:tf] 5 < zLif{ssf] sljtfdf dfgj hfltdf ljb\odfg ;dfg k| s [ l tsf] /utsf] gftfnfO{ hftLo
sljtf ÷ 109
cxª\ s f/jfbn] s:tf] lj8Dagfk" 0 f{ cj:yfdf k'¥ofPsf] 5 eGg] s'/f ;d]6b\ } eg]sf 5g\– === o;/L ltdLn] /utsf] ;fj{ e f} d ;d' b | d fly w;f{ sf] / ] / ;fF w pEofpg vf] H of} / hftLo cxª\ s f/jfbsf] jsfnt u¥of} . -;St]g, @)%( M #%_ slj k~r s'df/L kl/of/n] klg o:t} cGofok"0f{ Jojxf/sf] HjnGt kL8f jf cfj|mf]znfO{ bf;tfsf] hLjg Ho"g'eGbf :jfledfgL d[To' j]z sljtf cGtu{t k|:t't u/]sL 5g\ . pgn] PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLdf klg o:tf] c5't hLjg afFRg' kg]{ lgoltk|lt efj's ;+jb] gf k|s6 ub}{ blntsf] hLjg dd{nfO{ o;/L k|:t't u/]sL 5g\– pm s;} s f] ;ª\ 3 f/af6 l5g{ ;St} g cfk} m F n ] g} l;lh{ t dlGb/sf] eujfg\ ; F u b' v ] ; f] kf] V g ;St} g dfgjx?sf] x' n df k' m Ssf ;dt' N o afF R g ;St} g pGd' S t xfF ; f] xfF : g ;St} g lsgls pm PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLsf] c5't xf] /] ==. -kl/of/, @)^@ M !$–!%__ >d ljefhgs} kmn :j¿k blntx?sf] pTklQ ePsf] dflgG5 . hlt cK7\of/f jf r'gf}tLk"0f{ sfdx? x'G5g\ ltgnfO{ Odfgbf/Ltfsf ;fy ;Dkfbg ug]x{ ? g} cGttM blntsf ¿kdf kl/eflift aGg k'u]sf 5g\ . ca blntleq o:tf] e]befj ;DaGwL /x:o af]w eO ;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . To;}n] cfk"mx?n] u/]sf sfdsf] ;Ddfg x'g' kg]{ s'/fdf pgLx? ;r]t aGg yfn]sf 5g\ . o; ;Gbe{df
110 ÷ sljtf
slj aL=s]= …;]jsÚsf] c5't x'G5 /] Û zLif{ssf] sljtfleqsf oL egfOx? lgs} 3t nfUbf b]lvG5g\– agfOPsf] x:tsnf dh]/Ldf /fh u5{ t/ agfpg] j fnf c5" t x' G 5 /] , l;nfPsf] j:qn] p;sf] JolStTj a' G 5 t/ l;nfpg]jfnf c5't x'G5 /] === . -;]js, @)^# M $%_ Pp6f ljj]sL dfgjsf b[li6n] x]g{] xf] eg] klg blntx?k|ltsf] e]befj slt cGofok"0f{ /x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f 5n{ªu\ b]lvG5 g} . h;n] kl/>d u5{ p;n] g} ;kmntf jf ;Ddfg kfpg' kg]{ of] t zfZjt Gofosf] l;b\wfGt g} xf] t/ s] blntk|lt ;fFlRrs} Gofo ePsf] 5 t < o; s'/fsf] ;xL d"Nofª\sg slxn] xf]nf < blntx?sf] kL8f Toltv]/ r/d ;Ldfdf k'U5 hltv]/ pgLx?n] j}slNks ¿kdf :jfjnDaL x'g] cj;/ klg u'dfpg' kg]{ l:ylt cfpF5 . 5'jf5'tsf] l;sf/s} sf/0f dxfg\ sfo{ ug{ g;ls /x]sf] cj:yfdf e};F L kfn]/ b'w a]Rb} hLjg ofkg ug{ vf]Hbf ;d]t hftLo cl:tTjsf] ;ª\s6n] blntx? askq ug{ tof/ ug{ afWo eO /x]sf 5g\ . To;} ;Gbe{df slj w|'j;Ton] g} d]/f] hft sljtf cGtu{t eg]sf 5g\– dnfO{ ge8\ s fOPsf] eP s'g} sLlt{ km}ng] sd{ ug{ g;s] klg e}F;L kfn]/ b'w a]Ry]F t/, d] / f] hft < === . -w| ' j ;To, @)^% M *_ lgod, sfg' g jf ;+ l jwfgdf dflg; dflg;lar s'g} e]befj g/x]sf] :ki6 cleJolSt kfOG5 . ;DkGg Pjd\ a|fXd0fjfbL clehfTo ju{sf] ;fdGtjfbL k|j[lTtn] o; lsl;daf6 ;dfgtfsf]
hlt;'s} lju'n k'ms] klg cflv/df ;dsfnLg ;dfhdf sxLF st} klg ;dfgtf /x]sf] cg'e"lt ePs} 5}g . ;dfgtf t Toltv]/ ;Dej 5 jf x'G5 hltv]/ g]kfnsf ;Dk"0f{ If]qsf blnt ju{x?df k|;Ggtfsf] cj:yf ;[hgf x'G5 . To:t} ;Gbe{nfO{ ;d]6/] slj w|j' s'df/ kl/of/n] ;dfgtf sxfF 5 < sljtfdf cfˆgf ljrf/x? o;/L k|:t't u/]sf 5g\– h' D nfsf] bdfO{ xfF : g] vf] 6 fªsf] sfdL v' ; L x' g ] wf} n flul/sf] ;fsL{ /dfpg] ToxL t lyof] …;dfgtfÚ dfG5] n ] glbg] eP cflv/ ;dfgtf sxfF 5 <. -kl/of/, @)^) s M ^#_ blntx?n] :jb]zdf /xFbf dfq xf]Og ljb]zdf k'Ubf ;d]t cfˆgf] ju{n] ef]Ug' k/]sf] k/Dk/fut lje]bhGo kL8fnfO{ e'Ng ;s]sf 5}gg\ . :jb]zdf /xFbf;Dd r/d pTkL8gsf sf/0f ljb|fx] ug{ g;s]sf blntx?n] ljb]zL e"ldaf6} xs clwsf/sf nflu c8\g cfXjfg ul/ /x]sf 5g\ . pgLx?n] ;Demg] u/]sf 5g\– s;/L a|fXd0fjfbsf cjz]ifx?af6 wfld{ s cg' i 7fgsf] k| ; fbdf ;d] t cfk"mdfly e]befj ul/G5 . clg, s;/L zlSt ;DkGgx?af6 klxn] k'vf{sf andf / clxn] klg a'bl\ wsf 5ndf blntdfly bdg ul/Fb} 5 . o:t} ;Gbe{nfO{ slj /fd a;'n] nfx'/af6 3/nfO{ lr6\7L zLif{ssf] uLlt sfJodf eg]sf 5g\– Tof] k~rfd[ t ;a} n fO{ lbP, lbPgg\ xfdLnfO{ cz' b \ w x' G 5 glbg' eg] , bdfO{ sfdLnfO{ . ))) klxNo} xfDnfO{ blnt kf/] ,
k' v f{ s f ann] clxn] klg 5Sofpg vf] H 5g\ , a' b \ l wsf 5nn] . -a;', @)%_ lxGb" j0f{jfbleq a|fXd0fjfb sf/0f z"bx| ?lar ;d]t cfk;df c5'tsf] Joj:yf nfu' ul/Psf] dflgG5 . c:k[Zotfsf] l;sf/n] ubf{ blntx?n] g t >dsf] ;d'lrt d"No kfPsf 5g\ g dfgjLo cl:tTjsf] af]w ug{ ;s]sf 5g\ . a? lg/Gt/ sl7g >dsf afah'b ckdfg, 3[0ff, lt/:sf/ / pTkL8g dfq ef]Ug afWo ePsf 5g\ . o;af6 pgLx?n] Psflt/ cfˆgf] hLjg :t/nfO{ dfly p7fpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ eg] csf{lt/ cfk;L Pstfdf ;d]t pN6f] k|efj k/]sf] 5 . ;'?;'?df o; s'/fsf] x]Ssf geP klg ca la:tf/} blntx?lar Pstf gx'gs ' f] sf/0f lgSof}n{ ub}{ /fd axfb'/ kl/of/n] g} cfk;L e]befj zLif{ssf] sljtfdf eg]sf 5g\– a| f Xd0fjfbn] x} s d ug{ 5' 6 \ 6 \ o fof] hftkft c5' t leq} ;fgf] / 7' n f] s] 5 t csf] { hft . c5' t leq} rNb} g kfgL hftsf] e] b efjn] of] z'b| ju{ ;dfg xf}F egL lrGb} g g\ cfkm} n ] . -kl/of/, @)^) v M #)–#!_ o;/L ;dsfnLg g] k fnL sljtfdf lxGb"j0f{jfb;Fu ufFl;P/ cfPsf tdfd ;d:ofx? / To;af6 blntx?sf] dfgl;stfdf k/]sf] k|efj cflbnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstfsf ;fy p7fOPsf] kfOG5 . #=@ /fHo kIfsf] lg/Gt/ pbf;Lgtfk| l t cfklTt d'n'sdf 7'nf 7'nf kl/jt{gx?
sljtf ÷ 111
ePsf 5g\ . d'n'sL P]gb]lv @)&@ sf] ;+ljwfg;Ddsf] kl/jt{gn] /fhgLlt cyjf sfg'gL If]qdf lgs} pynk'yn dRrfO ;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . ljsf;sf] ;"rsfª\sdf klg gf}nf df]8x? b]vf kl/ ;s]sf 5g\ . t/, /fHosf tkm{af6 blntx?n] cem} jf:tljs Gofo kfpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . pgLx?n] g t ljutdf g} Gofo Pjd\ ;Ddfg kfPsf lyP g jt{ d fgdf g} . g] k fnsf] ef} u f] l ns PsLs/0fsf] j|mddf ;xefuL ag]sf la;] gurL{, dl0f/fd ufOg], afª\u] ;fsL{ cflb cyjf @))& ;fndf /f0ff zf;g ˆofFs/] k|hftGq k|fKt ug{ Hofgsf] afhL nufpg] dl0f bdfO{ / uf]kL Rofd] cflb cyjf /f0ffsfnd} /fli6«o w'g ;[hgf ug]{ ;ª\uLtsf/ avtjL/ a'9flkyf{bl] v ;fdflhs s'/Llt lj?b\w n8\g] ;j{lht ljZjsdf{sf] gfd sxLF st} 5}g -ljZjsdf{ / cGo @)^#_ . o:t} cfh;Dd klg /fHo kIfaf6 x'Fb} cfPsf e]befjx? lj?b\wsf] Pp6f k|tLsfTds k|:t'ltsf ¿kdf slj w| ' j ;Tosf] d] / f] hft sljtfnfO{ g} x]g{ ;lsG5– d} n ] l;+ x b/af/sf] cUnf] u] 6 af6 pdfb]jL jfbL lbbLsf] u'Go' rf]nL;Fu} d]/f] b]zsf] emG8f nq]sf] b]v]F ===. -w|j' ;To, @)^% M *_ cem} klg d'ns ' df blnt k|ltlglw– jfbL hftsL pdf lbbLsf] z/L/n] ;;Ddfg cfFu 9fSg ;Sg] lsl;dsf] u'Go'rf]nf] s]xL kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . l;+x b/af/df cUnf u]6x? tof/ eO ;s] t/ b]zsf] OHhtsf ¿kdf /x]sf pdf lbbLx?sf] OHhltnf] cj:yf ;[hgf x'g g;s]sf]df cfj|mf]z 5 . To;af6 b]zs} emG8f nlqPsf] cg'el" t x'g' afx]s s]xL afFsL 5}g . o;} ;Gbe{df cGo slj >j0f
112 ÷ sljtf
d'sf?ªsf ;flxlTos /rgfx?df blnt r]tgfsf ;zSt :j/x? cleJol~ht ePsf kfOG5g\ . pgn] k|ltlglw kfq bhL{ s f dfWodaf6 /fHo kIfsf] pbf;Lgtfsf sf/0f blntx?sf] ;du| Oltxf;nfO{ ;ª\st] u/]sf 5g\– c9fO{ ;o jif{ b ] l v– d} n ] t' g ] s f yfª\ g fdf x' s ] { s f d] / f b/;Gtfgx? sxfF sxfF k' u ] < d} n ] vf] H g rfx] x' F n f d] / f cf} F n fdf vf] l kPsf 5\ o fGb| f / au] s f /utx?n] dnfO{ pS;fof] t/af/n] cfh] { s f] d' n ' s eGbf d} n ] wfuf]n] pg]sf] d'ns ' ljzfn 7fg]F x'nF f dflns Û o; df6f] s f] Oltxf;;F u } d xh' / sf] /fi6« d f 5' d s;/L c/fli6« x' g ;S5' <== . -d'sf?ª, @)^& M %_ o:t} ;Gbe{nfO{ slj s]jnk'/] ls;fgn] @)!@ lt/} tof/ kf/]sf oL sljtf+zx?df ;d]t blntk|ltsf] /fhgLlts pbf;LgtfnfO{ o;/L b;f{OPsf] kfOG5– c5' t df ulgPsf bd} ;fsL{ sfdL rdf/ / kf]8] Rofd] tL afbL / wfdL k|hftGq ;fFRr} eP kfpFy] logn] xs s] s f] x' G Yof] k| h ftGq vfln kmf] ; | f ] ukm . -ls;fg, @)$%_ o;/L a| f Xd0fjfbsf sf/0f ;dfhdf hGdhft ¿kn] c5'tsf] kL8f ef]Ug ljjz ag]sf blntx?n] /fHo kIfsf] pbf;Lg e"ldsfsf sf/0f emg\ a9L kL8f ef]Ug' k/]sf] ljifonfO{ p7fpFb} cfPsf] b]lvG5 . #=# bdg÷pTkL8gsf ljb| f ] x sf] :j/
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blnt ;flxTosf] ljsf;sf ;Gbe{df k|ultjfbL r]tn] ;d]t ljlzi6 e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] 5 . ju{åGåsf] lr/kmf/sf j|mddf k|ultjfbL sljx?n] ;dflhs Pjd\ cfly{s bdg jf pTkL8gsf] ljifonfO{ hlt k|fyldstf lbPsf 5g\ tL;Fu} blnt ;Gbe{x? klg ufFl;P/ cfPsf 5g\ . cGofo ;xg' x'Gg eGg] k|ult r]tsf] k|efjsf sf/0f blnt ;flxTodf ;d]t ljb|f]xL efjgf hfUg k'u]sf] 5 . kmn:j¿k blnt r]tgfd"ns sljtfx?sf] cGt/s' G t/df ljb| f ] x L efjgfn] :yfg kfPs} b]lvG5 . To:t} ljb| f ] x L efjgfsf ;fy pTkLl8t sljtfdf slj 8Da/ kxf8L b]vf kb{5g\– cGofo÷cTofrf/ /, ;fdGtL s' / Llt ;+ : sf/ lj?b\ w ;fdflhs kl/jt{ g vflt/ r6\ o fª ag] / r8\ s L lbg ;Sb5 pTkLl8t÷blnt === . -kxf8L, @)%(, $_ oxfF blntnfO{ pTkLl8t hfltsf ¿kdf dfq ;f] R g] afgL aGb ug{ nnsfl/Psf] 5 . blnt blnt dfq alg /xFbg} g\† pgLx?df pTkL8gsf lj?b\w r6\ofª ag]/ r8\ls lbg] Ifdtf klg 5 . To:t} ;zSt k|ultjfbL slj cfx'ltn] 5't hfltx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ ltdLn] ;f]r] h:tf] la;f}F ztfAbLsf c5'tx? 5}gg\† lognfO{ g t j0f{e]bn] /f]Sg ;Sb5g\ g hflt e]bn] g} /f]Sg ;Sb5g\ eg] s f 5g\ . pgsf ljrf/df uf] n e"uf]nleqsf] ;a} clk|msfn] ca d'lSt kfP/} 5f8\5 . blnt r]tgfsf] o:tf] ljZjJofkL :jtGqtfd"ns pb\3f]ifnfO{ ux'Fuf]/f] clk|msf zLif{ssf] sljtfn] ;l6s 9ª\ u af6 ;d] 6 ] s f] kfOG5 .
elgPsf] 5– d la;f} F ztfAbLsf] …c5" t Ú x' F of] uf] n e" u f] n sf] Pp6f ux' F u f] / f] clk| m sf x' F d Gofo rfxG5' d d'lSt rfxG5' . -cfx'lt, @)%& M @%_ slj ;] j ssf b[ l i6df klg ljb|fx] eGbf csf]{ s] ljsNk b]lvG5 / Û pgn] c5't blnt ju{nfO{ d'lStsf] cfafh 3Gsfpg lgw{Ss cfXjfg u/]sf 5g\ . pgL rfxG5g\ g]kfndf klg clkm|sfs} h:tf] /ª\ue]b lj/f]wL dxfg\ g]tf g]N;g d08]nfsf] pbo xf];\ . pgn] c5"t x'G5 /] Û sljtfdf eg]sf 5g\– To;} n ] t ;a} c5' t x? h' d ' { / fP/ p7\ g ' k5{ d' l Stsf] cfafh 3Gsfpg' k5{ , ;f] r , afF R bfafF R b} lsg kf] dg] { xf] g] k fn cfdfn] oxfF y' k | } …g] N ;g dG8] n fÚ hGdfpg' kg]{ xf] . -;]js, @)^#_ o:t} slj ab| L kflnv] å f/f lnlvt p7 Û blnt xf] , p7 Û zLif{ssf] sljtfdf JoSt csf]{ Pp6f cfXjfgd"ns efjnfO{ x]g{ ;lsG5 . pgn] eg]sf 5g\– p7 Û blnt xf] , p7 Û 5' j f5' t sf] c;dfg kxf8x?nfO{ ;Dofpg p7 Û g] N ;g dG8] n f eP/ p7 Û -kflnv], @)%( M #_ blntx? a;f}b+{ l] v g]kfnL /fli6«o Pstf / cv08tfsf k'hs aGb} cfPsf 5g\ . pgLx?df cGo hflt jf ju{;/x g} /fi6«k|ltsf] akmfbfl/tfsf sf/0f ;Ddfg efjsf] af]w 5 . t/, ha pgLx?
sljtf ÷ 113
cfˆgf] ;dflhs k/Dk/fnfO{ glhsaf6 cg'ej ub{5g\ ta pgLx?leqsf] kL8f ljb|f]xsf ¿kdf JoSt x'g yfNb5 . a|fXd0fjfbL ;fdGtL ;dfhdf pgLx?sf] ;b\Jojxf/n] ckdfg af]w / kL8f l;afo s'g} :yfg kfPsf] b]lvFbg} . To;}n] pgLx? ljb|fx] L aGb} a? ljif j[If /f]Kg] lgisif{df k'Ub5g\ . o;} ;Gbe{df slj /ljdfg ndh]nn] ljif j[If /f]Kg nflu /x]5' zlfif{ssf]] sljtfdf eg]sf 5g\– o;n] af] n ] s f jf0fLx? unt 5g\ eg] / cy{ nufO lbG5' o;n] afF w ] s f bf;Tjsf l;j| m Lx? r'F8fP/ o;s} kfv'/Ldf afFlw lbG5' ===. -ndh]n, @)^) M &#_ o;/L k6s k6s bf;Tj nfb\g] dflg;nfO{ blntn] ;Ddfg lbO /x] klg cyjf ljgd|tf efj b]vfO /x] klg paf6 nfTtL vfg' k/]sf], ;nfd ubf{ xltof/ k|xf/sf] kL8f ef]Ug' k/]sf], cGg dfUbf d'vdf y'ls lbPsf], laGtL r9fP klg cflv/df bfFt} emf/]sf] / Psflwsf/k"js { j+zhnfO{ g} clwsf/ hdfPsf] cj:yf ePsfn] cGttM ljif j[If /f]Kg afWo x'bF } bf;Tjsf] l;j|mL r'8F fP/ kmfNg tof/ x'g' k/]sf] ;Gbe{ sf]6\ofpg slj ndh]n afWo ePsf b]lvG5g\ . k|ultjfbL slj cd/ lu/Ln] klg blnt zLif{ssf] sljtfdf >ddf ljZjf; ug]{ blntn] lje]bsf sf/0f cfh;Dd lg/Gt/ kmnfd vfP/ kmnfd;Fu} lxF8g\ ' kbf{ h] hlt b'vx? ef]u] klg ca blntx? hflu ;s]sf] s'/f atfPsf 5g\ . pgsf] s] egfO 5 eg] blntdf olt zlStaf]w ePsf] 5 ls cf/gdf /ftf] ePsf] kmnfdnfO{ x]/] k'U5– ===d p7\ g ] 5'
114 ÷ sljtf
/ p8\ g ] 5' kmnfd;F u ;F u } cf/gdf /ftf] ePsf] kmnfd b] v ] s f 5f} < slt 8/ nfUbf] x' G 5 . -lu/L, @)^$ M %)_ ju{åGås} kl/0ffd g]kfnL ;dfhsf tdfd o'jf o'jltx?sf] k|0fo cg'/fudf ;d]t cf3ft k'u]sf] kfOG5 . cem To;df blnt x'g' kbf{sf] kL8f klg 5Fb} 5 . To;}n] pgLx?af6 j]nf j]nfdf ljb|f]x x'g] ub{5 . o:t} ;Gbe{df slj n] v k| ; fb lg/f} n fsf] dfntL v08sfJosf egfOx? cfPsf 5g\– rt' k ibL x} g dg' i o hflt cg] s tf 5} g dg' i odfly of} 6 } 5 dfof d' 6 ' /ª\ u 5ftL cfof] sxfF of] ;a hfltkflt < .. -lg/f}nf, @)^) M $(_ k|foM x/]s blntsf cleJolStx?df hfu[lt, Pstf / ljb|fx] s} :j/ 3lGs /x] s } x' G 5 . To;} n ] t slj bLk] G b| /;fOnLn] cfˆgf] uhndf eg]sf 5g\– e]befj lj?b\wdf h'6\g' k5{ blntx? tnb]lv dfly;Dd p7\g' k5{ blntx? . -/;fOnL, @)^%_ o; k|sf/ blntx? Psh'6 x'bF } e]befj, zf]if0f / pTkL8gsf lj?b\w ghfu];Dd blnt d'lSt c;Dej /x]sf] lrGtgnfO{ 68\sf/f] ¿kdf p7fOFb} cfPsf] kfOG5 . #=$ /fli6« o kl/36gf ;Gbe{ blnt;Fu ufFl;P/ cfPsf sltko To:tf /fli6«o kl/36gf ;Gbe{x? 5g\ h;nfO{ sljtfTds :j¿k lbOPsf] kfOG5 . ob\olk To:tf 36gfx?n] 5'6\6} /fhgLlts cy{ k|bfg u/] klg jf:tjdf tL 36gfx?n] blnt r]tgfnfO{ ;zSt
t'Nofpg db\bt u/]sf] kfOG5 . @)%& ;fndf l;/fxfsf] nfxfgdf kz'sf] l;gf] kmfNg] ;Gbe{df blnt cfGbf]ng eP:j¿k slj lbn ;xgLn] blntsf nflu a]sf/ ag]sf ;du| l;gf] t'No dfGotfx? kmflng' kg]{ h:tf blnt r]tgfd"ns :j/ k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . To;} j|mddf pgn] l;gf] sljtfdf eg]sf 5g\– xfdL oxfFsf ;8]un]sf Pp6f Pp6f l;gf] n fO{ ugLugL kmfNg] 5f} F lrgL lrgL kmfNg] 5f} F 5fgL 5fgL kmfNg] 5f} F / ;[hg ug]{ 5f}F Pp6f l;gf] l agfsf] ;' G b/ /fHo ;dfh Pp6f l;gf]lagfsf] ;+;f/ . -;xgL, @)%& M @^_ o;} ;Gbe{df @)^# j}zfv !# ut] lvg] bhL{ -5q axfb'/ kl/of/ #% jif{_ sf] a]naf/L df]/ªdf ;]gfsf] uf]nLaf6 d[To' ePkl5 ;~rf/sdL{ Pjd\ ;flxTosf/ zª\s/ v/]nåf/f n]lvPsf] lvg] bhL{n] uf]nL vfP sfJo pNn]vgLo /x]sf] 5 . To;df elgPsf] 5– pgnfO{ lgDtf] lyPg /, klg pgL pT;fxn] uP ToxfF pgL ef]h vfg uPsf lyPgg\ k' m ?ª\ u eP/ bf} l 8P/ xf} l ;P/ uP === . -v/]n, @)^$ M @#_ slj bLk]Gb| /;fOnLn]] g]kfndf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgfkl5 klg blntx?nfO{ stfstf dlGb/ k|j]zdf /f]s nufOPsf] cj:yfdf To;sf] k|ltsf/df pqg cfXjfg u/]sf 5g\ – Bf}tf eGg] d"lt{ ;femf xf] 5f]Ol56f] lsg <
5ftL vf] n L dlGb/df k:g' k5{ blntx? . -/;fOnL, @)^%_ o:tf /fli6«o 36gf ;Gbe{x?nfO{ ;flxlTos cfFvfn] ljj]rgf ug'{ blnt r]tgfsf ;fk]Iftfdf P]ltxfl;s sfo{ dfGg ;lsG5 . #=% dfgjtfjfbL :j/ blnt r]tgf jf:tjdf dfgjtf– jfbL :j/s} bfz{lgs dfGotfdf ljsl;t b]lvG5 . dflg;n] dflg;nfO{ dflg; ;/x g} Jojxf/ ug'{ k5{ / x/]s dfgjsf lar :jtGqtf, ;dfgtf / e|ft[Tjsf] efjgf /xg' k5{ eGg] dfGotf g} dfgjtf– jfbL :j/ xf] . t/, blntk|lt ;dfhsf s]xL pRr ju{ jf hfltn] kz'eGbf klg 6f9fsf] cdfgjLo Jojxf/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df slj ls;fg k|]dLsf] r]tgf sfJonfO{ x]g{ ;lsG5 . pgn] eg]sf 5g\– la/fnf] s' s ' / sfvdf lnG5g\ dfG5] n fO{ 5f] O l56f] wf/fdf kL8f, l9sLdf kL8f of] slt gld7f] < kTy/ s}No} af]Nb}g oxfF hltn] k'h] lg sf]Onf ;]tf], s] x'GYof] oxfF hlt g} ?em] lg .. @.%) -ls;fg k|d] L, @)^( M !*_ To;} u/L blnt ;flxTo If]qsf sd{7 ;flxTosf/ kbd ;'Gbf;n] klg d]/f] sljtf zLif{ssf] sljtfdf cem} klg g]kfnL ;dfhsf ;Dk"0f{ dfgjåf/f ;Dk"0f{ dfgjk|lt dfgjLo Jojxf/ k|:t't x'g g;s]sf] lttf] oyfy{ k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . pgL cfk"m dfG5] eP/ krf; k'Ug nfUbf ;d]t dfG5]kgsf] cg'e"lt x'g g;s]sfdf cfs|f]lzt b]lvG5g\ . To;}n] pgn] eg]sf 5g\–
sljtf ÷ 115
d] / f] sljtf l5M s] s f] d] / f] sljtf < dfG5] eP/ dfG5] x' g ;Sg' a f6 knfog eO /x] s f] d] / f] of] krf; k' U g} nfu] s f] d[ t dfG5] k gdf clnslt klg d'lSt afFRg'sf] cy{af]w u/fpg ;s]g . -;'Gbf;, @)%) M !%_ o; lsl;dsf ljb|f]x / dfgjtfjfbL :j/x? k|foM cGo ;flxTosf/sf sljtfx?df klg kfpg ;lsG5 t/ blnt r]tgfsf ;Gbe{;Fu dfq ufFl;Psf ;[hgfx? eg] ck]Iffs[t Go"g dfqfd} /x]sf 5g\ . #=^ blnt gf/Lsf] kL8f jt{ d fg blnt r] t gfk/s sljtfdf ;du| blnt ;d'bfosf hLjg ef]ufO / cfj|mf]zx? g} a9L dfqfdf ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . ltgdf dlxnf, afn aflnsf tyf ckfª\utf ePsf cflb ljlzi6 k|s[ltsf JolStx?sf] ljifon] kof{Kt :yfg kfPsf] b]lvFb}g . Tolt x'Fbf x'bF } klg z/b kf}8n ] sf] d blnt dlxnf x'F zLif{ssf] sljtf lgs} pNn]vgLo /x]sf] 5 . To;df elgPsf] 5– d blnt dlxnf x' F rf] 6 } r f] 6 5 5f]OG5 ls kFw]/fdf tsL{ lxF8\b} 5' ;fOt lbg af6f] 3f6f] efuL lxF8b\ } 5' la:6Ho"sf] cfFug d}n] cem} w'Fb} 5' ===. -kf}8n ] , @)^) M &*_ k'?ifsf cltl/St dlxnfn] ub}{ cfPsf ;fdflhs sfdx? lgZro klg s] x L km/s k| s [ l tsf /x] s f 5g\ . pgLx?sf] >dn] ;Ddfg kfpg] s'g} cfzf g} b]lvFb}g . hlt sfd u/] klg pgLx?sf] hLjg:t/ slt bogLo aGg ;Sbf] /x]5 t . o; ;Gbe{df slj kl/of/sf] egfO
116 ÷ sljtf
x]g{ ;lsG5– kfpF l bgg\ h' Q f, vfnL 5 v' 6 \ 6 f, rf] n f] 5 kmf6] s f] d'l:snn] s7} blntsL gf/L OHht 9fs] s f] . -kl/of/, @)^)_ o; lsl;dsf blnt gf/Lx?sf] kL8fsf ;Gbe{df tof/ kfl/Psf sljtfx? lgZro klg sd 5g\ . t;y{, o; ljifodf cem} snd rnfOg' ;fGble{s x'g cfpF5 .
$= lgisif{ blnt r]tgf c5'tx?sf] r]tgf xf] eg] zf]lift / pTkLl8tx?sf] r]tgf klg xf] . hf] blnt Pjd\ pTkLl8t x'G5, p;sf] ;flxTo jf p;sf ;Gbe{;Fu ufFl;Psf] ;flxTodf ;Tod\ lzjd\ ;'Gb/d\sf] /;f:jfbg ;DaGwL r]tgf ck]Iffs[t Go"g /xG5 g} . o:tf] ;flxTodf c5't hfltn] cyf{t\ dg'jfbL j0f{ ;+:sf/sf sf/0f c:k[Zo ju{df k/]sf hfltx?n] a]xf]g{' kg]{ hftLo 5'jf5'tsf] lj/f]w, dfgjLo d"Nosf] vf]hL, ;fdflhs Gofosf nflu ;ª\ 3 if{ , cGofo / pTkL8gsf lj?b\wsf] cfj|mf]z cflb g} d'Vo ljifox? /x]sf x'G5g\\ . blnt r]tgfn] g]kfnL sljtfsf] ljsf; k/Dk/fdf k|fylds sfnsf] Pp6f v08df ue{wf/0f u/]sf] xf] / cfw'lgs sfnsf] k"jj{ tL{ ;dodf k|;j sfnnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/]sf] xf] . To;kl5 o;n] la:tf/} pQ/jtL{ ;dsfnLg g]kfnL sljtf k/Dk/f;Fu} z}zj cj:yf k|fKt ul/ /x]sf] 5 . oxfF;Ddsf] ofqfdf u}/blnt Pjd\ blnt b'a} vfn] ;flxTosf/x?n] blnt r]tgfd"ns sljtfTds ;[hgfx? kl:sFb} cfPsf 5g\ . k|f/Dedf u}/blntx?sf] ;[hgfnfO{ u'0ffTds Pjd\ kl/df0ffTds
b'a} b[li6n] pNn]vgLo dflgP klg ;dsfnLg kl/j]zdf blnt ;flxTosf/x?sf ;[hgfx? klg s]xL ;an 9ª\uaf6 b]vf kl/ /x]sf 5g\ . k|foM ;a}h;f] blnt r]tgfd"ns ;[hgfx?df c5't hfltsf] kL8f / vf; u/L a|fXd0fjfbn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf c:k[Zo If]qx?sf lj?b\wsf] cfj|mf]z, zf]if0f, bdg / pTkL8gsf lj?b\wsf] x'ªs \ f/ tyf dfgjtfjfbL lrGtg g} d'Vo ljifo ag]sf 5g\ . o;/L ;dsfnLg g] k fnL sljtfdf blnt r]tgfsf cg]s kIfx? ;d]l6Fb} cfPsf] kfOG5 . cem xfn;Ddsf] cj:yfnfO{ x]bf{ g]kfnL efiffsf blnt ljifos ;flxTodf klg u}/blnt n]vsx?sf k|efjzfnL /rgfsf] cflwSo kfOG5 eg] blntx?n] klg blnt ;flxTo n]vgsf] pGgogsf nflu cfˆgf] n]vg s]lGb|t gu/]sf] oyfy{ klg kfOG5 g} . -dxh{g, @)&) M @^_ olt x'Fbf x'Fb} klg blnt ;flxTosf/n] h:tf] ;a} u}/blnt ;flxTosf/n] hLjg ef]ufOsf] dd{nfO{ cleGg lsl;daf6 cg'et" gug{
;S5 . o;y{ l:jsfg}{ kg]{ s'/f] rflxF s] xf] eg] blntx?n] ef]Ug' k/]sf j:t'ut oyfy{ / cfGtl/s j]bgf, b'v / kL8fsf cg'el" tsf] ulx/fOnfO{ u}/blntx?n] ToxL ¿kdf sbflk cg'et" ug{ / cleJoSt ug{ ;Sb}gg\ -rfkfufO{+, @)&) M &(_ . ctM blnt r]tgfnfO{ ;dsfnLg sljtfx?n] cf;nfUbf] lsl;daf6 ;d]6g\ ] k|of; u/] klg Tof] k"0f{tof kof{Kt b]lvFb}g . To;df klg hlt k|ultjfbL juL{ o lrGtgsf ;fk] I ftfdf blnt r]tgfd"ns sljtfx? b]vf k/]sf 5g\ Tolt g} ltgLx? leqaf6 ljlzi6 lsl;dn] blnt hLjgsf dd{ x ?sf] lr/kmf/ / ;Daf]wg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;du| d f eGg' k bf{ ;dsfnLg g] k fnL sljtfdf blnt r]tgfsf] :ki6 /]vfª\sg ePsf] 5 / To;leq c:k[Zotfsf sf/0f kL8faf] w , ljb| f ] x tyf dfgjtfjfbL lrGtgn] k|d'vtf kfP klg ljifout j}ljWo ;lxt sljtfTds ;f}Gbo{ cem} ck]lIft b]lvG5 .
;Gbe{ ; " r L cfx'lt, -@)%&_ …ux'uF f]/f] clk|msfÚ -k'gM k|=_, ;dsfnLg g]kfnL sljtf sf7df8f}F M clvn g]kfn hg ;f+:s[lts ;ª\3, k[=@% . cf]emf, -@)&)_, …g]kfnL efiffsf] ;flxTodf blnt r]tgfÚ, blnt ;f}Gbo{ af]w, ;Dkf= /fh]Gb| dxh{g, sf7df8f}F M ;dtf kfpG8];g, k[=@#%–@^# . ls;fg, s]ank'/], -@)$%_, s]ank'/] ls;fgsf uLt / sljtfx? sljtfx?, g]kfn kl;gf k|sfzg . ls;fg k|]dL, -@)^(_, r]tgf gf, tgx' M zª\s/ 3tfg] :d[lt k|lti7fg . v/]n, zª\s/ -@)^$_, lvg] bhL{n] uf]nL vfP vfP, sf7df8f}F M ljdn u'/fufO{+ . lu/L, cd/, …g]kfnL ;flxToleqsf] blnt ;flxToÚ dw'ks{, ;Dkf=>Lcf]d >]i7, %%!, @)&@ j}zfv, k[=^–!) . =============, -@)^$_ b';fWo ;do ;do, sf7df8f}F M lem;ld;] k|sfzg .
sljtf ÷ 117
rfkufO{,+ lgg' -@)&)_, blnt ;f}Gbo{zf:q / ;flxTo, blnt ;f}Gbo{ af]w, ;Dkf= /fh]Gb| dxh{g, sf7df8f}F M ;dtf kfpG8];g, k[=%%–!!) . 1jfnL, O{Zj/rGb| -@)&)_ …;flxTodf blnt ;f}Gbo{ / ;f}Gbo{af]wÚ, blnt ;f}Gbo{ af]w, ;Dkf= /fh]Gb| dxh{g, sf7df8f}F M ;dtf kfpG8];g k[=!^#–!&( . w|j' ;To, -@)^%_, askq, sf7df8f}F M /Tgdfof blnt ;flxTo ;+/If0f ;ldlt . lg/f}nf, n]v k|;fb, -@)^)_, dfntL, sf7df8f}F M bfloTj jfª\do k|lti7fg g]kfn . g]kfnL, v]d, -@)^!_, cf:yfsf] v]tLL, /fh;f d~r g]kfn, s]=;= . kl/of/, /fd axfb'/ -@)^)v_, a]bgf, sf7df8f}F M < . kl/of/, w|j' s'df/ -@)^)s_, cfafh cfafh, zflGtu[x / n]vs . kl/of/, k~r s'df/L -@)^@_ ;kgf / cfFvfx? sf7df8f}F M ljj]s l;h{gzLn k|sfzg . kxf8L, 8Da/ -@)%(_, k|x/, lj/f6 gu/ M g]kfn blnt ;flxTo tyf ;+:s[lt k|lti7fg . kflnv], ab|L -@)%(_, zflGt:t"k, /Tgdfof blnt ;flxTo ;+/If0f ;ldlt . kf08]o, tf/fsfGt -8f=_-@)&)_, …;d;fdlos k|ultzLn sljtfdf blnt r]tgfÚ, blnt ;f}Gbo{ af]w , ;Dkf= /fh]Gb| dxh{g, sf7df8f}F M ;dtf kfpG8];g k[=!@&– !^@ . kf}8n ] , z/b, -@)^)_, …blnt dlxnfÚ, d'lStky -df3_ sf7df8f}F M g]kfn /fli6«o blnt d'lSt ;ª\u7g . dxh{g, /fh]Gb|, -@)&)_ …Oltxf;sf] Sofgef;df blnt ;f}Gbo{, blnt ;f}Gbo{ af]w , ;Dkf= /fh]Gb| dxh{g, sf7df8f}F M ;dtf kfpG8];g k[=(–#@ . d'sf?ª, >j0f, -@)^&_, la;] gurL{sf] aofg sf7df8f}F M ;fª\lu|nf a'S; . a;', /fd -@)%$_, nfx"/af6 3/nfO{ lr6\7L emfkf M >L ltns l;+x ljZjsdf{ . e6\6/fO{, /d]z k|;fb -@)&)_ …blnt kl/k|I] o M k|ultjfbL cfVofgsf ;Gbe{dfÚ, blnt ;f}Gbo{ af]w, ;Dkf= /fh]Gb| dxh{g, sf7df8f}F M ;dtf kfpG8];g, k[=!&(– @#$ . /;fOnL, bLk]Gb|, -@)^%_ uLt uhn / d ;+o'St ;ª\u|x, sf7df8f}F M :jod\ . ndh]n, /ljdfg - @)^)_, ;[hgfsf 5fnx?, yf]Sn'ª M s]/]k] k|sfzg . nfn, rdg, -;g\ @))%_, blnt ;flxTo M Ps d"Nofª\sgg, lbNnL M /fhkfn PG8 ;G; . ljZjsdf{, kbdnfn, ofd axfb'/ ls;fg, /ljdfg ndh]n / u0f]z ljs] -@)^#_, g]kfnL blnt cfGbf]ngsf] ;ª\lIfKt Oltxf; Oltxf;, sf7df8f}F M hg pTyfg k|lti7fg . ljZjsdf{, lji0f' axfb'/ -@)^$_ h'gL v08sfJo, g]kfn blnt d'lSt df]rf{ . ljZjsdf{{, ;L=Pd= -@)%^_ blnt a:tLsf ;';]nLx? sf7df8f}F M blnt u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf . >flkt, ;'dg, @)^), …aGb 9f]sf vf]n] klgÚ g]kfnL d~r !, & k[=#& . ;'Gbf;, kbd -@)&)_, …blnt ;flxTosf] gn]lvPsf] Oltxf;Ú, blnt ;f}Gbo{ af]w, ;Dkf= /fh]Gb| dxh{g, sf7df8f}F M ;dtf kfpG8];g k[=##–%$ . =============, @)%), d]/f] sljtf,, ;dfgtf, !, ! k[=!% . ;St]g, b]jG] b|, @)%(, eg d]/f] /utsf] /ª s:tf] 5 < hg pTyfg pTyfg, @$ k[=##–#$ . ;fxgL, lbn, …l;gf]Ú, hgfb]z, @& h]7 . …;]jsÚ ljs], -@)^#_ dfG5] / df6f],, sf7df8f}F M hg pTyfg k|lti7fg .
118 ÷ sljtf
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sljsf b[li6df ;dsfnLg sljtf
;dsfnLg g]kfnL sljtf M cj:yf / ;jfn jf;'b]j clwsf/L ;dsfnLg kl/j] z ljut c9fO bzs g]kfnL ;dfh cg]s pmxfkf]x ;fy cl3 a9\of] . o; cjlwdf 7'N7'nf ;fdflhs /fhgLlts kl/jt{g eP . cy{tGqsf] :j¿kdf klg w]/yf]/ kl/jt{g b]vf k¥of] . pTkfbgsf ;fwgx?df kl/jt{g b]vf kb}{ uof] . oL ;a} kl/jt{gsf kIf jf ljkIfdf cfcfˆg} wf/, ljrf/ wf/f jf ;d"x lj|mofzLn lyP . ;dfh ¿kfGt/0fsf tL k|To]s r/0fdf n]vsx? ljleGg e"ldsfdf s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf ;xefuL lyP . ;'vb\ ;jfn, cfd n]vsx? kl/jt{gsf] kIfdf g} b]lvP . n]vs eGgfn] w]/} lx:;f sljx? g} cfpF5g\ . sljx? ;dfh ¿kfGt/0fdf ;lj|motfsf ;fy nfuL k/]sf x'gfn] sljtf To;} klg k|v/tfsf ;fy b]vf k¥of] . j|mflGt sfnLg tyf ;ª\j|md0f sfnLg r/0fdf k|v/tfsf ;fy b]vf kg'{ sljtfsf] wd{ xf] . of] u]ofTds 5 / o;n] cfd hgtfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;S5 . of] lzlIft clzlIft ;a}df k'Ug ;S5 . g]kfnL sljtfn] cfGbf]ngsf] ;dodf k|v/ ;Gb]z ;lxt hgtfsf]df hfg] / ltgnfO{ cfGbf]lnt ug]{ wd{ lgjf{x u/]sf] 5 . k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] cGTo, bf];|f] hg cfGbf]ng, Ps xbdf hg
o' 4 sfnLg ;dodf sljtf /rgfsf] ;ª\Vof tyf u'0fdf a9f]Tt/L ePsf] 5 . To; cjlwdf slj dgdf ePsf] ;[hgf la:kmf]6n] /rgfdf ;sf/fTds k|efj k/]sf] 5 . To;kl5sf] ;ª\j|md0fnfO{ l5rf]Ng eg] s}of}F slj tyf sljtf k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . s]xLn] dfq To;sf] r'/f]df k'uL lbzfaf]w ug]{ cfF6 u/]sf 5g\ . o; cjlwdf Pslt/ b]z u0ftflGqs x'g] ulj{nf] jftfj/0f tof/ ePsf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ To;df cGt/lglxt :jfy{sf] 6s/fan] ljv08g / cJoj:yfnfO{ klg hGdfPsf] 5 . o; cjlwdf klxrfgsf] :j/ ;'lgg] :t/df u'lGhPsf] 5 / Tof] :jfefljs 5 . o; gf/fdf /fhgLlts j[Ttdf eg] b[Zo cb[Zo rnv]n klg ePsf] 5, c;n gf/fsf] huaf6 c/fhstf / eb|uf]n ;[hgf ePsf] klg 5 . tyflk /fli6«o Pstf / ;fdflhs ;b\efjgfsf] :j/ g} clxn]sf] sljtfsf] d"n :j/ aGg k'u]sf] 5 . lttf ld7f s]xL ;[hgfsf] afah'b ;+ljwfg n]vg tyf hg ;ª\3if{sf] pknlAwnfO{ ;+ : yfut agfpg] j| m ddf pTkGg jftfj/0fn] sljtf hGdfpg eGbf dfg{ ;xof]u u/] klg sljx?n] kl/ro / PsTjsf efj ;Dk|l] ift u/]s} 5g\ . dl;gf :j/df lgsflnPsf tL :j/ u'0fsf/L
sljtf ÷ 119
5g\ t/ ltgn] /fli6«o /fhgLltnfO{ x:tIf]k u/L lbzf lgb]z { eg] ug{ ;s]sf 5} g g\ . kmntM w] / } /rgf sljtf ;ª\jm| d0f sfnLg u'gf;fsf] ¿kdf JoSt x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . c;ª\Vo sljtfsf dfem s]xL sljtf eg] ;Dk|i] f0fsf b[li6n] a]hf]8 x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . ltgn] cfGbf]ngsf r/0fdf klg / ;ª\jm| d0f sfnLg r/0fdf klg kf7s dgnfO{ emª\st[ agfPs} 5g\ .
n] v g, k| s fzg tyf k| ; f/0f cleofg xfd|f] kl/j]zdf sljtfaf6} w]/h } ;f] n]vssf] ;flxTo ofqf cf/De x'G5 . sljtf :s'nb]lv g} n]lvG5 . uf]7fnf] hfFbfb]lv g} ufpg ;'? ul/G5 . kfsf] pd] / df klg nfdf z[ ª \ v nf n]VgeGbf s]xL x/km sljtf n]Vg ;'ud x'G5 cyf{t\ sljtf /rgfdf ;fd]n JolSt w]/} 5g\ . w]/} JolStn] lgoldt jf clgoldt ¿kdf n]lv /xFbf w]/} g} sljtf n]lvO ;s]sf] 5 . sfo{jm| d tyf k|sfzgn] sljtf hGdfO /xG5g\ . clxn] k|of]udf cfPsf] ;fdflhs ;~hfnn] klg sljtfnfO{ emg\ dnhn ul/ /x]sf] 5 . sljtfsf] of] ;ª\Vofsf] cg'kftdf u'0fdf slQsf] ;'wf/ ePsf] 5 < o;n] kf7snfO{ slQsf] tfGg ;kmn ePsf] 5 < oL ljifodf rflxF ulx/f] 5nkmn ug{ cfjZos 5 . ljleGg k':tfsf cg]s vfnsf ;+:yf, ljifout ;d"x tyf 6f]nLx? ;[hgf ;Da4{g tyf pGgogsf] nflu nflu /x] s f, Psn sljtf jfrg, l6s6df sljtf ;'Gg] nufotsf sfo{jm| d rln /x]sf, ahf/df s]xL l8lh6n sljtf k'lu /x]sf], sljtf n]vgsf] /Gsf]df kf7s kª\lSt klg tof/ eO /x]sf] cj:yfdf /rgfsf] cf]h / slj jf 120 ÷ sljtf
cfof] h s kª\ l Stsf] cfof] h g÷ahf/ k|a4{g ;Ifdtfsf] sf/0f sljtf hghgdf k' l u /x] s f] klg 5 . o;n] g] k fnL sljtfsf] ;ª\VofTds a[l4nfO{ Oª\lut u5{ . u'0ffTds sljtf n]Vg] JolSt ylkO /x]sf 5g\ . s]xL o'jf snd ;fFRr} ;zSt eP/ cfPsf] 5 . ltgdf u'0f tyf ;[hgf b'a} vfnsf] clUg k|Hjlnt 5 . gofF k'/fgf w]/}n] eg] cfk"mnfO{ vfg{ tyf lgvfg{ afFsL 5 . tyflk w]/}df ;[hgfsf] plDdb a9\bf] 5 . k|jf;L snd oxL ultdf ;[hgf/t 5 . k|sfzg, k|;f/0fsf] s'/f ubf{ oltv]/ 7'nf ldl8of / lau xfp;sf] k|efj a9\bf] 5 . lju xfp; cGo sfd;Fu} k|sfzgdf 5 . k|sfzg cGtu{t sljtf ljwf slxn] pk]lIft x'bF } t slxn] ;fdfGo k|fyldstfdf kb}{ u0fgfdf kb}{ cfPsf] klg 5 . t/ lj8Dagfsf] s'/f, ltgLx? s]xL bh{gnfO{ eGbf lrGb}gg\, :yfg lbg dg k/fpFbg} g\ . ltgnfO{ :t/Lo / :jfledfgLx? s}of}F sljx? dg kb}{g . ldl8of dfkm{t\ s}of}F sljx?n] kf7s;Dd k'Ug kfPsf 5g\ eg] ldl8ofn] ;fdfGo slj÷sljtfnfO{ klg ljlzi6 agfpg] / :t/Lo ;fwsnfO{ j]jf:tf ug]{ k|rngdf lg/Gt/tf 5 . Odfgbf/ / :jfledfgL n]vssf nflu of] 7'nf] r'gf}tL xf] . tyflk ;"rgf ;~rf/sf] ljikmf]6sf] ;'vb cj;/ cfd n]vsnfO{ k|fKt 5 . o;df hf]l8Psf n]vsx?n] ca cfk"mnfO{ k|sflzt ug{ ;Dkfbs k|sfzssf] vf;} e/ kg'{ kb}{g . pgLx? km];a's nufotsf ;fdflhs ;~hfn dfkm{t\ k|sflzt x'g ;S5g\ . s[ltut ¿kdf of] pko'St ynf] x'g g;s] klg km'6s/ /rgf k|sfzgsf] nflu of] /fd| f ] d~r b] l vPsf] 5 . /rgf pGgogsf nflu ag]sf ;d"x, ltgsf
;fd"lxs sfd / pk ljwfut sfdx?df eO /x]sf] kxn sbdL :jfut of]Uo 5 . o;af6 s}of}F pk ljwf :jtM dfly p7\b} uPsf] cj:yf 5 . 5Gb, uhn, nf]s, dft[efiff, d'Qms uLt cflbdf j}olSts / ;fd'lxs sfd cl3 a9]sf] 5 .
ljrf/, no tyf cfudg no sljtsf] ljwfut j}lzi6\o xf] . zf:qLo, nf]s tyf d'St nodWo] zf:qLo nodf n]Vg]x? 3/L 3/L lvOFb} hfG5g\, 3/L 3/L hfUb} hfG5g\ . s]xL sljx? o;}k|lt ;dlk{t ePsf 5g\ . d'St nodf l;h{gzLn w]/d} f no ;+j]bgzLntf sd eP klg tL dWo] s]xLn] ljlzi6 no ;[hgf u/]sf 5g\ . ToxL sf/0f Ps xb;Dd ;dsfnLg sljtf n]vgsf] sfJofTds u'0ffTdstfdf sdhf]/ b]lvPsf] klg 5 . g]kfnL sljtfnfO{ ljZj sljtf n]vgn] k|efj kfl/ /x]sf] 5 . of] k|efj ;fdlos tyf zf:qLo b'a} kIfaf6 k/]sf] 5 . sljtfdf ljrf/ cleJoSt x'G5, ul/G5 . cf:yfut lx;fadf klg sljtf n]lvG5 . sljtf gf/f xf]Og t/ ljrf/ x'G5, cfpF5 . cfpg} k5{ . cljrf/ klg ljrf/ xf] . sljtfdf ToxL eP klg cfpF5 . b/f]v/f] ;do ePsf] sf/0f ljut s]xL ;dodf, vf; u/L ;dsfndf g] k fnL sljtfdf bl/nf ljrf/ cfPsf 5g\ . cfPsf ljrf/ dWo] ;dfh ¿kfGt/0fsf/L ljrf/ k|an / k| v / ¿kdf cfPsf] 5 / Tof] klxn]eGbf cln snfTds / ldlxg ¿kdf b]vf kg]{ j|md a9\bf] 5 . snf r]tgfdf klg g]kfnL sljtfn] u'0ffTds km8\sf] dfb}{ 5 . of] ldlxg x'Fb} 5, lrlNnFb} 5 . snfo'St aGb} hfFbf s]xL ga'lemg]kg klg
a9\b} 5 . snfdf k|v/tfsf] dfqf eg] ylkFb} 5 . o; lx;fan] g]kfnL sljtfsf] Pp6f c+z ljZj sljtfs} xf/fxf/Ldf pleg] cj:yfdf b]lvG5 . of] g]kfnL sljtfsf] alnof] kIf xf] . klxnf /fhwfgL / s]xL s]xL s]Gb| dfq ;flxTosf pj{/ :yfg x'Gy] . clxn] ;a} s'gf / If]qaf6 ;flxlTos :j/ u'lGhFb} 5 . b]zJofkL sfJo dxf]T;jx? x'Fbf] 5 . t/ pRr cfly{s sf/f]af/ x'g] :yfgaf6 eg] o; sfo{df Tolt of]ubfg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . s'gfsfgLaf6 pbfPsf ;flxTosf/n] lgs} ;'l/nf / df}lns lrh lbg vf]h]sf 5g\ . pgLx?sf] cg'e"lt cfd ;x/df a;f]af; ug]{sf] eGbf lgZro g} k[ys 5 . of] /rgfTdstfsf] gofF cfofd xf] . ;x/ tyf /fhwfgLdf ljb\odfg sf]nfhdo sfJofTdstfdf s'gfs'gfaf6 pbfPsf sljx?sf] yk :j/ ;dsfnLg sljtfsf] ljlzi6 dxs xf] . o;df yl/yl/sf :s'n tyf l;sfOsf] ;|f]t 5 . To;df k|lt:kwf{, ld7f; / ;fxro{ ltg} tTTjsf] ;lDdng 5 . k|To]s :s'nn] l;Sg] / u'? dfGg] cfˆg} z}nL 5 . PSnf] PSnf] l;sfOeGbf o; vfnsf] :s'nLo l;sfOn] :t/ dfly p7fpg db\bt klg u5{ . To;sf] Pp6} dfq} hf]lvd 5M Ps :s'nsf cg'ofoLsf] Ps} vfnsf] ;f]r, :jefj / cleJolSt z}nL x'g ;S5 . To;df JolSt n]vsn] kl/>d ug'{sf] s'g} ljsNk 5}g . hxfF;Dd sfJofTds :j/sf] ;jfn 5 s]xL zf:qLo sljx? afx]s ;fdlos ;jfnd} sljtf /rgf ul/ /x]sf 5g\ . ;dsfnLg w]/} sljtfdWo] s]xL sljtf cd/ x'G5g\÷ePsf 5g\ . ;dsfnsf] uGw} gcfpg] ;gftgL sljtfn]
sljtf ÷ 121
kf7s dgnfO{ cfslif{t} ug{ ;St}g . ljifo k|:t'ltsf] sf/0f sljtf b'af] h:tf], ;fu h:tf] jf wlgofF h:tf] ltg} vfnsf] x'g ;S5 . a9L ;fdlos sljtfnfO{ lk|mhdf /fVg klg ;lsG5 . xfdL sf]dn P];F n ] n ' fO{ sd;n / s6';nfO{ dfq} /fd|f] u'0f:t/sf] kmn eGg ;Sb}gf}F . ;dsfnsf s}of}F pHofnf sljx?n] :yfgLo, /fli6«o tyf ljZj kl/j]z;Fu kl/lrt eO{ ;"Id tyf a[xt\ b'a} kl/j]zsf sljtf n]lv /x]sf 5g\ . s}of}F k|efjzfnL sljx?n] xfdLn] b]lv ef]lu /x]sf] ;jfnnfO{ lnP/ a]hf]8 sljtf n]lv /x]sf 5g\ . ltgsf sljtf ;fdlos, dg 5'g] / kf7snfO{ l;w} cFufNg] vfnsf 5g\ . ;fdfGo b}lgsL / ef]ufOaf6 pDbf sljtf ;[hgf eO /x]sf] 5 . Tof] uj{sf] s'/f 5 . sljn] kf7s;Fu l;w} ;+jfb ul/ /x]sf] 5 . gofF 9fFrfdf /rgf yflnPsf] klg 5 . Psbd} gofF 9fFrfsf] sljtf n]Vg] gfddf n]vs x/fPsf] klg 5 . kf7sn] e]p g} gkfpg] /rgf klg ePsf] 5 . b'af]w{ sljtf oltv]/ kf7ssf] ?rfOdf k/]sf] 5}g .
kfOnf kfOnfsf ;jfn sljtf hlt n]v] klg hLjGt sljtf g} c;nL sljsf] kl/rfos xf] . o;sf] nflu sljx? u'0ffTdstfk|lt ;+j]bgzLn x'g cfjZos 5 . sljtfnfO{ s;/L ;Dk|i] f0fo'St agfpg] < of] n]vg, uf]i7L, k|sfzg tyf ;Dkfbgdf cfO /xg] ;jfn xf] . o;n] efjL sljtfsf] ¿k/]vf / ;fdYo{nfO{ ;ª\s]t u5{ . ;dsfnLg sljtf /rgfsf] s]Gb| tyf cfnDagx? s] s] x'g\ < cg]s k];f tyf lhDd]jf/Ldf afFl8Psf ;dsfnLg sljx?sf] ;fwgfsf] :t/ s:tf] 5 < 122 ÷ sljtf
sfFwdf bh{gf}F d'Vo sfd af]s/] lxF8g\ ] pgLx? bL3{ ;fwgfdf nfUg ;S5g\ < /rgfsf/ l5kl5k] ;fwgfaf6 cl3 a9\bf uDeL/ /rgf x'g ;S5 < s] n]vg k];f xf] < o;af6 hLjg lgjf{x x'g ;S5 < ls of] cf+lzs sd{ xf] < of] /x/sf] sd{ xf] < /x/af6 o'unfO{ xfFSg ;lsG5 < of] k};f sdfpg] xltof/ xf] < ls ;do tyf cj;/ u'dfpg] xl/n6\7s sfd < kf7\ o j| m d n] v sn] ;xL slj tyf ;fGble{s sljtf s;/L km]nf kf5{ / kf7\oj|mddf /fV5 < kf7\oj|md n]vsn] o'uaf]wL sljtf k9\g / rog ug{ cfjZos 5}g < vf;df olt w]/} n]lvPsf] sljtfn] cfˆgf] cf}lrTo tyf ;fGble{stf k|dfl0ft ug{ ;s]sf 5g\ < 5}g eg] o;sf] bf]if s;sf] xf] < sljnfO{ :ylkt ug{ pm cfk}m nfUg] ls c¿ klg nfUg'' kg]{ < sljx?sf] sfd n]Vg] dfq xf] ls k9\g] klg xf] < cGoyf ltgnfO{ ;do af]w s;/L x'g ;S5 < sljx? ljrf/l;t s;/L ufFl;g] < bnsf] emG8} af]s/] ls gaf]s]/ klg < ljrf/;Fu cfa4 / ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf] sd{kl| t k|lta4 slj / cljrf/o'St, lkknkft] jf xfjfbf/L JolStx?nfO{ xfdLn] s;/L d"Nofª\sg ug]{ < oL / o:tf ;jfn ;dsfnsf HjnGt ;jfn x'g\ . ltgnfO{ ;fy{s n]vg / ;+odk"0f{ e"ldsfn] hjfkm lbF b } hfg ;S5 . ;dsfnsf k| v / sljx?n] pko'l{ Nnlvt ;jfnnfO{ ;l6s ;[hgf dfkm{t\ hjfkm lbFb} cl3 a9]sf 5g\ . x'nsf x'n sljsf lgD5/f l;h{g r]tdf hLjGttf / k|f0f eg]{ ;jfn clxn]sf] k|d'v ;jfn xf] . emsf]{ nfUbf] sljtf n]Vg]x? lardf ;fwgf/t pDbf sljnfO{ xfdLn] k9\g} k5{, lsdfy{ ckdfg ug{' x'Fb}g .
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;flxTo hLjgs} sf/0f n]lvG5 s[i0fxl/ a/fn
;flxlTos hLjgsf] ;'?jft s;/L ug'{ eof] < w]/} ;flxTosf/x?sf] ;flxlTos hLjgsf] k|f/De h;/L x'G5, d]/f] klg To;/L g} eof] . egfOsf] tfTko{ , cfk"meGbf k"js { f ;flxTosf/sf kª\lStx? k9]/, ;'g/] d}n] sflJos hLjgsf] ;'?jft u/]sf] xf] . ;fy} nf]suLt / ehg ;'g]/ klg d ;flxTo sd{lt/ cfslif{t x'Fb} uPF . s;sf] k| ] / 0ffaf6 slxn] b ] l v sfJo sd{ d f nfUg' eof] < s'/f] s] lyof] eg] d To;tfsf xh'/ a'af / xh'/ cfdf;Fu} ;'Ty]F / 3/sf] 7'nf] gflt lyPF . ^ jif{s} pd]/df cfdf v:g' eof], To;kl5 emg\ pxfFx?;Fu g} a:g / ;'Tg nfu]F . laxfgL efn] af:g] j]nfdf xh'/ a'af …u'KtL gfdw/L ;sL gu/Ldf k:Gof avtdf klgÚ eGg] Znf]s k9\g' x'GYof] . oxL Znf]sn] x/]s laxfgL dnfO{ lapFemfpFYof] . k9\g ghfg]sf] j]nfdf klg dxfef/t / /fdfo0fdf
ePsf kmf]6fx? x]l/GYof] / hfGg] ePkl5 oL s[ l tx? lgs} kl9of] . o' b \ w ;F u ;DalGwt kf7 a9L kl9GYof] To; j]nf . d]/f a'afn] n]vgfy kf}8o\ fn / dxfslj nIdL k|;fb b]jsf]6fsf sljtfx? a9L k9\g' x'GYof] . To;}tfsf s]jnk'/] ls;fgsf] uLt ;ª\ u | x -kl5 d} n ] …uLt l;4fGt / Oltxf;Ú eGg] lstfa n] V g] j| m ddf n]vssf] gfd yfxf kfPsf]_ sf] …a; ;flxFnL 3/}df ltdLÚ eGg] af]nsf] uLt dnfO{ s07} lyof] . clg ufpF3/df j]nf j]nfdf ufOg] ehgx? /ftel/ ;'Gy] . To; j]nf nf]s axfb'/ IfqL lhNnfd} k|Voft ehg] lyP . log} ;Gbe{x?n] dnfO{ n]vglt/ k|]l/t u/] . d}n] xTkt] ufpFdf g} cjl:yt sdnf ck/ k|fOd/L :s'ndf sIff % df k9bf klxn] sljtf n]v]/ sfkL k'/:sf/ kfPsf] lyP . tkfO{ + cfˆgf] ;flxlTos sd{sf] cfbz{ s;nfO{ dfGg' x'G5 < h;sf s[lt k9]/ / ;'g/] d o;
sljtf ÷ 123
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If]qdf k|jz ] u/]F / h;sf /rgfn] dnfO{ cufl8 a9\g k|l] /t ul/ /x]sf 5g\, ltg} d]/f cfbz{ x'g . o; cy{df Jof;, jfNdLls, b]jsf]6f, n]vgfy d]/f cfbz{ x'g\ eg] uLttkm{ dfwj l3ld/], /Tgzdz]/ yfkf, ls/0f v/]n cflbsf uLtn] dnfO{ o;tkm{ 8f]¥ofP . lxGbL rnlrqsf w]/} uLtsf/x?sf uLtn] klg dnfO{ k|efljt t'NofPsf 5g\ . tkfO{+ cfk"mnfO{ ;aeGbf a9L s] eg] / lrgfpg rfxg' x' G 5 < Ps cy{df d l;Gw'nLsf] xTkt] eGg] 7fpFdf hGd]sf] x',F g]kfnL x'F . k];fsf] ;Gbe{df d k|fWofkfs x'F . n]vssf] ;Gbe{ d f uLtsf/, uhnsf/ tyf ;dfnf]rs x'F . cem eGg' kbf{ rflxF d Ps dflg; x'F . tkfO{+ cfk"mnfO{ ;aeGbf a9L s' g ljwfdf ;kmn ePsf] dfGg' x' G 5 < d}n] snd rnfPsf ;flxlTos ljwfdWo] ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf] ljwf xf:oJoª\Uo xf] . d}n] ;'?df w]/} xf:oJoªUo n]v]F t/ e}/j cof{nsf] xf:oJoªUo n]vg;fd' cfk"mnfO{ w]/} tn 5' eGg] cg'ej eof] / d}n] of] ljwf g} 5f]l8 lbPF . dnfO{ w]/}n] uLtsf/ / uhnsf/sf] ¿kdf g} lrG5g\ . o;f] x'g' klg :jfefljs g} xf] lsgls of] ljwf kf7\oeGbf >Jo ljwf xf] . uLt / uhn hltn] ;'G5g\ Tolt ;dfnf]rgfsf kf7s x'Fb}gg\ . elgG5 ls g] k fndf Pp6} JolSt w]/} k];fdf hf]l8Psf x'G5g\ t/ s' g } klg ljifodf ljz] i f1tf xfl;n ug{ ;s] s f x' F b } g g\ , o;af/] oxfF s f] wf/0ff <
124 ÷ sljtf
elgG5, …Hofs ckm cn, df:6/ ckm ggÚ . of] egfO klg ;a} cj:yfdf d]n vfFb}g Sof/] . dxfslj b]jsf]6fn] /fd|f sljtf klg n]v,] lgaGw klg /fd|f] n]v] . Pl/:6f]6nn] sfJozf:qsf] l;4fGt t atfP g} cGo ljifodf klg b/f ts{ lbP . elgG5, lnof]gfbf]{ bf leGrL ax'd'vL k|ltefsf wgL lyP . sf]xL o:tf dflg; klg x'G5g\ hf] Pp6} k];fdf /x]/ klg vf;} s]xL ug{ ;s]sf x'bF g} g\, ;w}F p:t} / Pp6} 7fpFdf g} /xG5g\ . slj jf uLtsf/ aGg' k|fs[lts u' 0 f xf] ls aflx/L jftfj/0fsf] k|efj < sf]xL JolSt slj jf uLtsf/ aGg' k|fs[lt u'0f / aflx/L jftfj/0fsf] k|efj b'O6} xf] . k|ltef ;DkGg JolStx? klg jftfj/0f / 1fgsf] cefjsf sf/0f /fd|f] slj, uLtsf/ jf snfsf/ aGg ;s]sf x'Fb}gg\ . d]/f] dfGotf s] 5 eg] k|ltef ;a}df x'G5 To;nfO{ vf]hL u/]/ lgsfNg' k5{ . /fd|f] lzIff / jftfj/0f kfPg eg] p;n] cfˆgf] k|ltef b]v ] fpg ;Sb}g . To;}n] k|ltef / jftfj/0f b'as } f] ;DaGw /xG5, lap / df6f]sf] h:t} . uLt, uhn / sljtfnfO{ s;/L 5' 6 \ 6 \ o fpg' x' G 5 < ;flxTonfO{ sljtf, gf6s, cfVofg tyf lgaGw u/]/ d'VotM rf/ ljwfdf juL{s/0f u/]/ x]g{] rng 5, ob\olk oLleq klg cg]s e]b e]l6G5 g} . cfVofgsf n3'syf, syf, nfdf] syf jf 5f]6f pkGof; tyf pkGof; h:tf pknlAw 5g\ eg] sljtfnfO{ rf/ ¿k n3'td, n3', demf}nf / a[xt\ u/]/ afF8\g] rng 5 . sljtfdf n3' ¿ks}
klg cg]s cg'xf/ b]V] g ;lsG5– uLt, uhn, sljtf cflb cflb . oL ljwfx? sljtf cGtu{t g} kg]{ ePsf x'gfn] logLx?sf] 8LPgP Pp6} x'g' :jfefljs g} xf] . 8LPgP Pp6} eP klg afa' / 5f]/fsf] cg'xf/ gldn] h:tf] logLx?sf] cg' x f/ ldNb} g . sljtfsf oL ltg pknlAwx?df k|z:t ;dfgtf 5 . oL ltg} ljwfdf efj, sNkgf / ljDa clg k|tLssf] k|of]u clgjfo{ x'G5 . eflifs ljlzi6tf oL ltg}sf] ;dfg ljz]iftf xf] . olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg uLt / uhndf h'g ¿kdf ;ª\uLtsf] k|of]u x'G5 t/ sljtf ub\olt/ ;/]sf] ;Gbe{df o;df Tolt gx'g klg ;S5 . uhndf rflxF dflyb] l v tn;Ddsf ;]/df Pp6} 5Gbsf] k|of]u cfjZos x'G5 / o;df ;fdfGotf aa, ba, La, da, ea sf j|mddf cGTofg'kf| ; jf sflkmofsf] k|of]u x'g] ub{5 . x/]s ;]/df d'StsLotf uhnsf] lhpFbf] hfUbf ljz]iftf xf] h'g uLt / sljtfdf x'Fb}g . tkfO{ + s f] ljrf/df snf / ;flxTosf] kl/efiff s] x'g ;S5 < snf hLjgsf nflu cfjZos j:t' xf], o;n] hLjgnfO{ ;DkGg / ;'vdo agfpg e"ldsf v]Nb5 . o;n] xfd|f] dl:tisnfO{ pTt]lht agfpF5, x;fpF5 . snfdf b'O{ ¿k x'g] s'/f ;]nLn] …Xjf6 Oh cf6{Ú eGg] n]vdf rrf{ u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] eg]sf 5g\– ¿k -Form_ o;sf] cfjZos s'/f xf] eg] csf]{ rflxF ljifo j:t' geO gx'g] s'/f xf] . ;flxTo ;[hgfsf] j|mddf snd, d;L, sfuh, cIf/ / zAb ¿k cGtu{t k5{ eg] ljrf/sf] k|ltljDa rflxF ljifo j:t'af6 x'g] ub{5 . After the end of
the art df n]vs 8gf6f]n] of] snf xf] of] xf]Og eGg] ;Ldf g} gePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . To;} u/L, l:6e ldy]gn] ljrf/ ljlgdo u/fpg] k|tLsfTds cy{ cfpg] ljDanfO{ snf eg]sf 5g\ . cNa6{ cfOG;6fOgn] /x:onfO{ ;'Gb/ j:t' dfGb}gg\, o;nfO{ snf / lj1fgsf] ;|ft] dfg]sf 5g\ . ;flxTo klg Pp6f snf g} xf] lsg eg] o;df efj, ;+ju] , sNkgf, no tyf efiffsf] ;'Gb/ v]n b]Vg ;lsG5 / o;n] kf7s jf >f]tfdf Pp6f a]Un} /ª el/ lbG5 . g] k fndf cem} uLt n] v ] / , uLt ufP/, afhf ahfP/ hLjgofkg ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf b]lvFb}g, o;af/] oxfFsf] wf/0ff s] 5 < o; k| Z gsf] pTt/ lbg' c l3 …hLjgofkgÚ af/] s]xL eGg' kg]{ x'G5 . s:tf] k|sf/sf] hLjg ofkg < xfd|f] ;Gbe{x?n] ;ª\uLt s} cf>odf hLjgofkg klxn]b]lv g} ub}{ cfPsf] Oltxf; 5 . t/ ltgsf] hLjg s;/L rNof] eGg] k|Zg clxn] klg plTts} ;fGble{s 5 h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb5 . clxn] s} ;Gbe{df eGg] xf] eGg] oxL k];fnfO{ dfq cFufn]/ s]xL ufos / s]xL ;ª\uLtsf/x? afFlr /x]sf 5g\, uf8L r9]/ g} lxFl8 /x]sf 5g\ . of] ;sf/fTds kIf xf] eGg] dnfO{ nfUb5 . t/ g]kfndf uLt, ;ª\uLtsf] hlt efp x'g' kg]{ xf] Tolt x'g ;s]sf] cj:yf 5}g\ . hLjg, hut\ / ;flxToaf/] oxfF s f] wf/0ff s] /x] s f] 5 < ;flxTo hLjgs} sf/0f n]lvG5 / hLjg;Fu} st} g st}, s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf ;DalGwt 5 . ;flxTon] k|]ldsfn] lbPsf] h:tf] dw'/ tl/sfn] pkb]z klg
sljtf ÷ 125
lbg ;S5, ;dfh lgdf{0f, /fi6« lgdf{0f tyf ljZj lgdf{0f s} ;Gbe{df o;n] e"ldsf v]Ng klg ;S5 / dfgjnfO{ k|km'Nn agfP/ dfq} cfˆgf] nIo k'/f ug{ klg ;S5 . s[ifsn] cGg pAhfO lbP/ k]6 eg]{ ;xof]u h:tf] k|ToIf ;xof]u t ;flxTon] gunf{ t/ s[ifsnfO{ o;sf nflu k|]l/t ug{ eg] ;S5 . ;/sf/n] aGb's b]vfP/ ck/fwLnfO{ lgoGq0fdff lnP h:tf] lgoGq0fdf lng t g;Snf t/ g}ltstfsf] eo b]vfP/ Tof] af6f]lt/ gnfUg k|]l/t eg] ug{ ;S5 . ;+;f/df P]g, sfg'g aGg'eGbf cufl8 ;flxTon] g} ;dfhnfO{ 8f]¥ofO /x]sf] ;Gbe{ clxn] klg xfdLn] e'Ng' x' F b } g . ;flxTon] To; j] n f klg /fhgLlts, P]ltxfl;s, ;f+:s[lts tyf z}lIfs bfloTj af]ss ] f] lyof] / clxn] klg To;sf] e"ldsf k|ToIf ck|ToIf ¿kn] k'/f ub}{ 5 . olb x'Fbfx'Fb} klg pko'St k|of]hg k'/f gug]{ ;flxTosf] /rgf klg x'g] u5{ logn] olb dgnfO{ cfglGbt t'NofpF5g\ eg] ltgsf] zlStnfO{ klg xfdLn] sDtL cfF S g' x' F b } g . u' n fa, ;okqL, a]nL, rd]nLsf] kmn vfg ldNb}g t/ klg xfdL 3/ cufl8 cfF u gs} 5]p5fpdf /f]K5f}F lsgls ltgn] cfgGb k|bfg u5{g\ . o; cy{df logsf] ;DaGw klg st} g st} hLjg;Fu hf]l8G5 g} . 8fo:kf]/f g]kfnL ;flxToaf/] oxfF s f] wf/0ff s] x' g ;S5 < clxn] g]kfnLdf o:tf] n]vgsf] ljsf; klg b|'t ultdf eO /x]sf] 5 . t/ s:tf] / s'g xb;Ddsf] n]vnfO{ 8fo:kf]/f eGg] af/] rflxF s]xL cGof}n sfod} eP e} m F nfU5 . ;fdfGotfM n]vsb\jf/f cfˆgf] dft[el" daf6 aflx/L
126 ÷ sljtf
b] z df a;L n] l vPsf /rgfnfO{ 8fo:kf]l/s ;flxTo elgG5 t/ s] b]z aflx/ a;]/ n]Vg] lalTts} Tof] 8fo:kf]l/s x'G5 t < To;df cfˆgf] dft[e"ldaf6 6f9f x'Fbfsf] kL8f / To;af6 pTkGg cleJolSt ;dfj]z x'g' k5{ ls kb}{g eGg] k|Zg p7\g ;S5 . clg ToxfFsf] ;+:s[ltsf] ;ª\jm| d0f b]lvg' k5{ ls kb}g{ , o;df ;don] e"ldsf v]N5 ls v]Nb}g < o;df efiffsf] k|of]u s:tf] x'g' k5{ < oL k|Zgx?sf] pTt/ljgf 8fo:kf]l/s a'‰g ;lsFb}g . clxn]sf] g]kfnL ;dfnf]rgfnfO{ s;/L x]g'{ ePsf] 5 < clxn] s f] g] k fnL ;dfnf] r gf hf]ufpg] klg ljZj ljb\ofno g} xf] / laufg]{ >]o klg o;nfO{ g} hfG5 . hf]ufpg]sf] tfTko{ s] xf] eg] g]kfnsf /fd|f ;dfnf]rsx?dWo] clwsf+z ljZj ljb\ o fnosf k| f Wofksx? g} 5g\ / laufg]s { f] ;"rLdf klg ToxL k|fWofksx?s} ;"rL 5 . s'/f] s] eg] ;]jf k|j]z / a9'jfsf nflu klg ljZj ljb\ofnon] ;dfnf]rgfsf nflu s]xL cª\s 5'66\ o\ fPsf] x'G5 / To;n] ubf{ oxfF k|jz ] u/]kl5 ;flxTosf k|fWofksx?n] s]xL g s]xL n]Vg} kg]{ x'G5 . o; j|mddf hf] hf] k|ltefzfnL 5g\ ltgn] t ;dfnf]rgf ubf{ Gofo u5{g t/ hf];uF 1fgsf] sdL 5 / ljwf lrGg] x}l;ot g} 5}g To:tfn] eg] o;nfO{ abgfd g} ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . sf]xL ;dfnf]rgfsf gfpFdf JolStut txdf ufnL unf}hdf pqG5g\ t sf]xL rfs8Lsf] dfnf nufO lbg klg kl5 kb}g{ g\ . s;}sf] ;dfnf]rgf rflxF vf; a'bF fdf cfwfl/t cToGt oflGqs / ?vf] x'G5 . km]l/ ;[hgfsf] t'ngfdf ;dfnf]rgf
Tolts} km:6fpg] s'/f klg x'bF g} . ;dfnf] r gf / ;flxTonfO{ s;/L hf] 8 ] / x] g { ;lsG5 < d ;dfnf]rgf / ;flxTo b'O6} ljwfdf snd rnfO /x]sf] JolSt x'F . dnfO{ ;[hgf ubf{ ;dfnf]rgf / ;dfnf]rgf ubf{ ;[hgfn] ;xof]u k'¥ofO /x]sf] x'G5 . s'/f] s] xf] eg] /fd|f] ;[hgf ug{ g;Sg] dfG5] /fd|f] ;dfnf]rgf ug{ ;Sb}g eGg] d]/f] 7x/ 5 lsgeg] s'g} ;flxTosf/sf] s[ltsf] d"Nofª\sg n]Vbfsf] cj:yfdf g} efjgfdf g8'aL n]Vg ;lsGg . clg ;dfnf]rgfn] rflxF ;[hgfsf j|mddf leqaf6 cfPsf] efjnfO{ s;/L Jojl:yt ug]{ / s:tf] lzNk k|of]u ug]{ eGg]af/] ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 / kl/isf/sf nflu dfu{ lgb]{z ku5{ . ;flxTodf pTt/ cfw'lgstfjfbL ljrf/af/] oxfFsf] wf/0ff < s'g} klg jfbnfO{ eujfg\ jf /fIf; eGg] JolStleq d klb{gF . o:tf] d}n] lsg eg]sf] xf] eg] pTt/ cfw'lgstfaf/] clxn] o:t} o:t} ax;x? 5g\ . of] ax; ug{ pgLx?nfO{ cfk"mleqsf] ljrf/n] k|]l/t ul/ /x]sf] klg b]lvG5 . dnfO{ t kl/isf/jfbL, :jR5GbtfjfbL, lj;ª\ult cl:tTjjfbL ;a} vfn] ;flxTo dg k5{ . pTt/ cfw'lgstf cg]stf larsf] Pstf xf], hxfF Pp6} :yfgdf ljljw jfb, ljljw ljwf ;d]l6g ;lsG5 eGg] cy{sf] Pp6} d"n k|jfx klg To;df x'Fb}g . o;sf] pb\b]Zo eflifs v]n v]Ng] x'G5 / o; v]naf6 a]Unf a]Un} v]nf8Ln] a]Unf a]Un} cfgGb lnG5 . ;Toaf/] klg o;sf] Pp6} b[ l i6sf] 0 f 5} g . ;To JolStlkR5], ;dolkR5] / :yfglkR5] km/s x'G5 eGg] l;4fGtnfO{ o;n] kj|ms ] f]
5 . h:t}, uf8L r9]/ lxF8]sf] JolSt leqaf6 aflx/ x]bf{ uf8L xf]Og ?v s'bs ] f] b]Vb5 t/ aflx/ plePsf] JolSt JolSt s'b]sf] b]Vb5 . s:tf] km/s 5 oL b'O{ ;Todf < csf]{ pbfx/0f, a;leq a;]sf JolSt a; s'bF s ] f] eP klg rfns Ps} 7fpFdf a;]sf] b]V5g\ t/ aflx/af6 x]g{] JolStn] rfns a;;Fu} csf]{ 7fpFdf k'us ] f] b]V5g\ . pTt/ cfw'lgstfjfbn] efiffsf] k/Dk/fut cy{nfO{ klg dfGb}g lsgeg] of] ;+/rgfjfb xf]Og . pTt/ ;+/rgfjfb / ljlgdf{0fjfb lgs6 5 . efiffsf] ;fdfGo zlSteGbf k/ uP/ klg cy{ hf]8g\ ] x'gfn] of] cg]sfy{s ag]sf] 5 eg] ljwf eTsfpg] sfo{df nfu]sfn] of] lgs} c/fhs klg 5 . olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg o;n] Ps k|sf/sf] :jfb lbG5, o;sf] zlSt klg oxL xf] . k" j L{ o / kfZrTo ;flxTosf] t' n gf s;/L ug' { x' G 5 < t'ngf ug'{ eGg] sfd lgs} cK7\of/f] kf] x'G5 . k"j{df ;+:s[lt ;flxTosf] h'g ljsf; eof] , h] h:tf ;[ h gf / ;dfnf]rgfx? oxfF n]lvG5 tL s[ltx? To; tfsfsf klZrdsf s[ltx?;Fu ;f]em} k|ltikwf{ ug]{ vfnsf lyP . ;do j|mddf klZrdf ljsl;t /fi6«x?n] ljZj ljb\ofnosf] :yfkgf ubf{;Dd xfdL g]kfnL ;flxlTos n]vgdf sxfF lyof}F sxfF . xfd|f] n]vg k[YjL gf/fo0f zfxsf] ljho cleofgb]lv a9L ;lj|mo ePsf] b]lvG5 . olt 5f]6f] ;dodf klg g]kfnL ;flxTon] h'g lsl;dn] ljsf; u/]sf] 5 Tof] c;fWo} k|z+;gLo 5 / t'ngf of]Uo 5 . /fHon] ;h{ s nfO{ pk] I ff u/]s} xf] t <
sljtf ÷ 127
hf] cfkm} pk]lIft 5, p;af6 s] ck]Iff ug'{ < olt x'Fbf klg /fHo;Fu zlSt 5, aGb's 5 . To;}n] klxn] pm cfk"m afFR5 / cfˆgfnfO{ v'jfpF5 . dGqLn] lrGg] / kf6L{;uF cToGt lgs6 -yf] / } lgs6 xf] O g_ dfG5] s f nflu ;/sf/L esf/L ;w}F v'nf g} x'G5 . c¿ cfd dfG5]sf nflu of] cfzf ug'{ g} a]sf/ xf] . em6f/f];Dd klg xftdf gePsf] JolStn] w]/} dflysf] kmnsf] cfzf ug'{ /fd|f] x'bF g} . o;f] t k|hftflGqs Joj:yfdf t'ngfTds ¿kdf hgtf alnof x'G5g\ / pgLx?n] ;xL Gofo kfpg] u5{g\ eGg] ul/G5 t/ of] klg e"uf]n cg';f/ x'G5 ls s] xf] < tkfO{ + s f] ljrf/df hLjg, k|]d / ;]S; s] xf] < hLjg / ;]S;lar k|ToIf ;DaGw 5 h:tf] nfU5 dnfO{, lsgls ;]S; geP hLjg x'g] lyPg clg hLjg 5 / t ;]S; 5 . elgG5, ;]S; ;[hgfsf] sf/s xf] / o;n] snfsf] ;[hgfdf klg cGtt{xdf a;]/ e"ldsf v]N5 . Psl5g k|mfo8sf] l;4fGtnfO{ la;{g] xf] eg] k|d] klg s]xL k|ltzt;Dd ;]S;;Fu ;DaGw /fVb5 . h] xf];, k|]d / ;]S; x'Fbf kf] hLjg cfsif{s / cfglGbt 5 . k|]dnfO{ u|x0f u/f},F ;]S;nfO{ kl/is[t u/f}F / hLjgnfO{ ;Ddfg u/f}F . elgG5 ls kfFr uLt a/fa/ Ps uhn x' G 5 /] , oxfF n fO{ s:tf] nfUb5 < Pp6f uLtdf Pp6f ljifosf] k|of]u x'G5 / uhndf rflxF kfFr cf]6f ;]/ x'G5g\ eg] kfFrf}F cf]6f ljifodf klg
k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 / o:tf] k|of]u ePsf] uhnnfO{ u}/ …d';n;nÚ eGg] ul/G5 . of] k|Zg oxL sf/0fn] cfPsf] x'g ;S5 . uhnsf ;a} ;]/ cy{ / Jofs/0fsf cfwf/df cfk}mdf k"0f{ x'G5g\ / ltgn] leGgfleGg} d'Stssf] :jfb lbG5g\ . o; cy{df Pp6f uhn kfFr uLt a/fa/eGbf klg kfFr d'Sts a/fa/eGbf a9L l7s xf]nf h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 . uhnsf] Oltxf;af/] s] eGg rfxg' x' G 5 < g] k fnLdf uhnsf] n] v g df]tL/fd e§af6 k|f/De ePsf] :jLsfo{ 5 . o; r/0fdf df]tL/fd e§ nufot nIdLbQ kGt, uf]kLgfy nf]xgL, g/b]j kf08], c~hb x';g} cflbn] uhndf snd rnfpg' e of] . To;kl5 zDe" k| ; fb 9'ªu\ n ] , eLdlglw ltjf/L nufotn] y'k}| uhn n]v] . ljj|md ;+jt\ @))@ b]lv @)#% ;Ddsf] cjlwdf uhn sd n]lvof] / uhndf ;r] t gf sd b] l vof] . To;kl5 1fg'jfs/ kf}8n ] , dg' a|fhfsL nufotn] o; If]qdf ljz]if Wofg lbP / o;}sf] of]ubfg :j¿k clxn] uhnsf] n]vg ;zSt ¿kdf eO /x]sf] 5 . :jb]zleq dfq xf]Og, ;+;f/el/sf ljleGg 7fpFdf klg g]kfnL uhnsf/ /x]sf 5g\ / uhn ;DaGwL ;ª\3, ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf klg ljleGg w]/} 7fpFdf ePsf] 5 . o;sf] nf]slk|otfsf sf/0f uhnsf] eljiosf] ;'Gb/ eljio jf0fL ul/ /x]sf] 5 .
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128 ÷ sljtf
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