Lee chao qun utopianism of human power

Utopianism of Human Power 5B: Tomorrow World's Advanced Architectural Design (AAD) University of Strathclyde 201575145

20 69 Tomorrow World's

Lee Chao Qun

Foreword Utopianism of Human Power

P

eople walk up to 150 million footsteps in their lifetime. “When we walking through a busy train station imagine what if we can convert the energy from every single person walking at the station into a meaningful amount of power.�

Energy exist in our building, but we are not make use of it, we choose to destruction the natural environment to harvest the energy. Why do not just take up what available by changing the way we build our community, through changing the Typology, Morphology and form itself to react to the flow of the energy.

We will have reached a point of future technology advancement of low energy for electric appliance and the technology maturity of large scale vibration energy harvesting system. Each space generate energy through the activity in the space, and the energy will be stored in the community and share between communities members or even share with others community. In 2069, while a human-powered

generator won’t produce the output of a wind turbine or photovoltaic array, it can produce usable power that contributes to your overall energy needs in our daily life and public use. We can imagine, the world is fully powered by the renewable energy, by advancement in technology, the winds and solar power plant will be located far from the human habitation and supply only for the industrial use. So this thesis will be conclude by proposed Human Movement powered community, an energy independence community.

Energy generated by the individual will be sharing in between the community to self-sustain. In the community everything is tailored to maximize the energy producing system that harvest, storage, and sharing.

Amsterdam as the bike city of the modern world, they believe in the human energy in their daily life.

The human powered Utopia type of community will be located on the Waverveen a farmland with travel distance of an hour by bike from Amsterdam city.

Table of Contents FORDWORD TABLE OF CONTENTS TIMELINES INTRODUCTION RESEARCH Utopianism Energy Technology Human Energy UTOPIANISM OF HUMAN POWER Project Brief Site Community Culture Masterplan Community Hub Transport Block Agriculture Block Amenities Block Human Power Residence Human Power Transport System BIBLOGRAPHY POSTSCRIPTS

“Humankind is facing two major global problems in this century: climate change and energy security. Renewable energies are the key for the solution of both problems as they are carbon free, abundant and sustainable. The proper combination of decentralised local renewable power generation and large solar power plants in the deserts has the potential to provide all the energy that will be needed. The precondition for this energy revolution is both a Smart Grid to manage the volatility of decentralised renewable power generation and a Super Grid to link large renewable power plants with the energy users over long distances.�

Prof. Dr. Peter HĂśppe Head of Geo Risks Research, Corporate Climate Centre, Munich Re

Timelines In the past 10 years, motorised transportation was gradually expelled from the city centre, though Street Diet, Car Free 2025 Day, and Giveway to Pedestrian.

Implement of 100% of renewable energy was used in national 2028 grids in EU

Energy bills increasing year after year caused by increased of 2030 the demand and cost of the energy generation.

Crazily increased energy bills caused anxiety of people around the world, leading to the extensive use of human power to 2035 confront the situation.

Advancement in low energy consumption, housing appliances 2040 caused decreased of total housing energy consumption.

New efficient technology on the human power harvesting and method of construction that allow building to generate its 2055 own energy introduced.

Decreased of human relying on the grid energy supply, first 2065 energy bill free human powered community formed.

Introduction _________________________

Human Movement Powered Community, is an energy independence community. Energy generated by the individual will be shared in between the community to self-sustain. In the community everything is tailored to maximize the energy producing system that harvest, Multiply, Storing and Sharing. From footfalls to climbing stairs, to open doors, the building of the future will look at ways of tapping energy from all the mechanical energy we expand going our daily lives.

What This research will be concluded to design a ‘Free Energy’ Human Activity Powered Community with the advancement of future technology. The exploration of the alternative sources of green energy difference the main energy source that we used in today allow the building itself generate it’s own energy and truly realize the utopia of self-sustain community.

When Prediction of advancement in human power harvesting technology and low energy, high efficient electric appliances in next 20 years, In 2056 the first Utopian of Human Power Community will be formed.

Why In the 21 century, we reach a point of high technologies and good living that, never having before, and the same time our humankind are facing challenges of climate changes, energy insecurity, and a lot of urban issues. So it’s the time for us to rethinking the way we interact with the environment and the way we build our community.

Where The predicted first Human Activity Powered Community will be located on the current world bike city, and will be targeted to spread the concept and ideals to the rest of the world.

Who Every future urban citizen that loves the environment and sustainable lifestyle practice that willing to contribute to a better future.

How By changing the way we build our community, through changing the Typology, Morphology and form itself to react to the flow of the energy to maximize the energy harvesting system in the community.

Mind Maps

_________________________

ENERGY INSECURITY

TECHNOLOGY

HUMAN POWER

UTOPIANISM

HUMAN ACTIVITY POWERED COMMUNITY

I. Utopianism

____________________________

utopianism [yoo-toh-pee-uh-niz-uh m] noun 1. the views or habit of mind of a utopian; impracticable schemes of political or social reform.

Sources: dictionary.com

Technological Utopianism

______________________________________________________

T

echnological utopianism derived from the belief in technology conceived as more than tools and machines alone as the means of achieving a ‘perfect’ society in the near future. Such a society, moreover, would not only be the culmination of the introduction of new tools and machines; it would also be modeled on those tools and machines in its institutions, values and culture. The utopians were not oblivious to the problems technological advance might cause, such as unemployment or boredom.

They simply were confident that advancing technology held the solution to those problems and to other, chronic problems, including scarcity, hunger, disease and war. In addition, they assumed that technology would solve the psychological problems that were increasingly worrisome, such as aggression, crowding, rudeness, and social disorder.

Despite its basis in modern technology, technological

F

utopia was not to be a mass of sooting smokestacks, clanging machines, and teeming streets. The dirt, noise, and chaos that invariably accompanied industrialization in the real world were to give way in the future to perfect cleanliness, efficiency, quiet and harmony...Connecting all sectors of the technological utopia would be superbly efficient transportation and communication systems, powered almost exclusively by electricity. These systems would enable widely dispersed citizens to live and work wherever they might choose. As one of them puts it, ‘we have practically eliminated distances.’ The specific means of transportation would include automobiles, trains, subways, ships, airplanes, even moving sidewalks.

The means of communication would include pneumatic mail tubes, telephones, telegraphs, radios, and mechanically composed newspapers.

uthermore, a tech-utopia does not disregard any problems that technology may cause, but strongly believes that technology allows mankind to make social, economic, political, and cultural advancements. Overall, Technological Utopianism views technology’s impacts as extremely positive.

Technological utopianism is any ideology based on the premise that advances in science and technology could and should bring about a utopia, or at least help to fulfil one or another utopian ideal. A techno-utopia is therefore a hypothetical ideal society, in which laws, government, and social conditions are solely operating for the benefit and well-being of all its citizens, set in the near- or far-future, when advanced science and technology will allow these ideal living standards to exist; for example, post-scarcity, transformations in human nature, the abolition of suffering and even the end of death. Technological utopianism is often connected with other discourses presenting technologies as agents of social and cultural change, such as technological determinism or media imaginaries.

Howard Segal Technological Utopianism in American Culture (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985)

Utopianism & Why

______________________________________________________

W

hen we speak of “utopianism” we can speak of a persistent tradition of thought about the perfect society, in which perfection is defined as harmony. Hence, as the level of technology, the state of scientific knowledge, the society, politics and economy are changing, so is the utopian thought. That is why utopian ideas span from mythologies derived from biblical stories, to dreams of alternative unreachable civilizations, to criticism of and deviation-demands from religious beliefs, to demands for revolution and real world, earth-based utopias. In this regard, there are three benefits that come with an engagement with utopianism: Utopianism reveals and criticizes the deficiencies of the real world and calls for a change. Utopianism enriches the sense of human possibility by giving perspective through contrast. And utopianism literature improves our understanding of the respective present social relations and issues in a similar way as social sciences does.

Principles of Technological Utopianism As seen in the chapter above, one can find differences between the utopias found in the literature, while the respective present status seems to always define the main factors on which the utopia focuses on. This holds true, even when the utopia presented encompasses a whole range of different aspects and illustrates a completely alternative or future picture of not just one aspect, but an entire world. Although, classifying such utopias distinct form of utopianism, such as technological utopianism, obviously proves to be more difficult in such cases. Nonetheless, looking at the literature one can see that at times in which science and technology has not played such a big part or was not even fully developed yet, utopias are often based on myths, miracles or are set far apart from the ‘real’ world. It wasn’t until the Age of Enlightenment and the beginning of modern science in the 17th century that the literature of utopias increasingly integrated the potentials of scientific and technological progress as well as predictions of it. for example, is seen as one of the most optimistic imaginative projections of beneficial impacts that science and technology might have on humanity.“ This correlation between the state of the respective present world or reality and the utopian ideas that are devised from it is crucial when one wants to analyse the technological utopianism of our age. It can be said, that all techno-utopians have a relatively strong belief in technology in common, as the means of achieving a perfect, harmonious society in the future. According to many of these utopians, such a society would not only be the result of the progress of technology, but in addition be modelled on technology in its institutions, values and culture.

The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant it is said to be conserved over time.Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it transforms from one form to another. For instance, chemical energy can be converted to kinetic energy in the explosion of a stick of dynamite.

Discovered by Antoine Lavoisier in 1785

II. Energy

____________________________

[en-er-jee] noun, plural energies.

1. the capacity for vigorous activity; available power 2. an adequate or abundant amount of such power Sources: dictionary.com

Sources of Energy _____________________________________

P

rimary energy sources take many forms, including nuclear energy, fossil energy like oil, coal and natural gas and renewable sources like wind, solar, geothermal and hydropower. These primary sources are converted to electricity, a secondary energy source, which flows through power lines and other transmission infrastructure to your home and business. There are different sources of energy that are used in the world to generate power. While there are other sources being discovered all the time, none of them has reached the stage where they can be used to provide the power to help modern life go. All of these different sources of energy are used primarily to produce electricity. The world runs on a series of electrical reactions – whether you are talking about the car you are driving or the light you are turning on. All of these different sources of energy add to the store of electrical power that is then sent out to different locations via high powered lines.

Non Renewable Energy Non-renewable energy comes from sources that will run out or will not be replenished in our lifetimes or even in many, many lifetimes.

Most non-renewable energy sources are fossil fuels: coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Carbon is the main element in fossil fuels. For this reason, the time period that fossil fuels formed (about 360-300 million years ago) is called the Carboniferous Period. All fossil fuels formed in a similar way. Hundreds of millions of years ago, even before the dinosaurs, Earth had a different landscape. It was covered with wide, shallow seas and swampy forests.

Plants, algae, and plankton grew in these ancient wetlands. They absorbed sunlight and created ener-gy through photosynthesis. When they died, the organisms drifted to the bottom of the sea or lake. There was energy stored in the plants and animals when they died. Over time, the dead plants were crushed under the seabed. Rocks and other sediment piled on top of them, creating high heat and pressure underground. In this environment, the plant and animal remains eventually turned into fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and petroleum). Today, there are huge underground pockets (called reservoirs) of these non-renewable sources of energy all over the world.

Disadvantages Burning fossil fuels is harmful for the environment. When coal and oil are burned, they release parti-cles that can pollute the air, water, and land. Some of these particles are caught and set aside, but many of them are released into the air.

Burning fossil fuels also upsets Earth’s “carbon budget,” which balances the carbon in the ocean, earth, and air. When fossil fuels are combusted (heated), they release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a gas that keeps heat in Earth’s atmosphere, a process called the “greenhouse ef-fect.” The greenhouse effect is necessary to life on Earth, but relies on a balanced carbon budget. The carbon in fossil fuels has been sequestered, or stored, underground for millions of years. By removing this sequestered carbon from the earth and releasing it into the atmosphere, Earth’s carbon budget is out of balance. This contributes to temperatures rising faster than organisms can adapt.

Natural Gas Natural gas is another fossil fuel that is trapped underground in reservoirs. It is mostly made up of methane. The decomposing material in landfills also release methane, which smells like rotten eggs. Natural gas is found in deposits a few hundred meters underground. In order to get natural gas out of the ground, companies drill straight down. However, natural gas does not form in big open pockets. Natural gas is trapped in rock formations that can stretch for kilometers. Natural gas is relatively inexpensive to extract, and is a “cleaner” fossil fuel than oil or coal. When natural gas is burned, it only releases carbon dioxide and water vapor

(Source: worldcoal.org)

Coal

Coal is a black or brownish rock. We burn coal to create energy.

Coal is ranked depending on how much “carbonization� it has gone through. Carbonization is the process that ancient organisms undergo to become coal.

Coal is a reliable source of energy. We can rely on it day and night, summer and winter, sunshine or rain, to provide fuel and electricity. Using coal is also harmful. Mining is one of the most dangerous jobs in the world. Coal miners are exposed to toxic dust and face the dangers of cave-ins and explosions at work.

When coal is burned, it releases many toxic gases and pollutants into the atmosphere. Mining for coal can also cause the ground to cave in and create underground fires that burn for decades at a time.

(Source: fraserinstitute.org)

Petroleum

Petroleum is a liquid fossil fuel. It is also called oil or crude oil.

Petroleum is trapped by underground rock formations. In some places, oil bubbles right out of the ground. At the LaBrea Tar Pits, in Los Angeles, California, big pools of thick oil bubble up through the ground. Remains of animals that got trapped there thousands of years ago are still preserved in the tar. However, burning gasoline is harmful to the environment. It releases hazardous gases and fumes into the air that we breathe. There is also the possibility of an oil spill.

Renewable Energy Renewable energy is generated from natural resources such as the sun, wind, and water, using technology which ensures that the energy stores are naturally replenished.

There are many forms of renewable energy. Most of these renewable energies depend in one way or another on sunlight. Wind and hydroelectric power are the direct result of differential heating of the Earth’s surface which leads to air moving about (wind) and precipitation forming as the air is lifted. Solar energy is the direct conversion of sunlight using panels or collectors. Biomass energy is stored sunlight contained in plants. Other renewable energies that do not depend on sunlight are geothermal energy, which is a result of radioactive decay in the crust combined with the original heat of accreting the Earth, and tidal energy, which is a conversion of gravitational energy.

Instead of buying all of your energy from suppliers, you can install renewables technology (also called micro generation and low-carbon technology) to generate your own.

There are lots of good reasons to use renewables.

-Making use of secure and local resources -Reducing your dependence on non-renewable energy -Helping to reduce the production of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases -Creating new jobs in renewable energy industries -Reducing your energy bills. In some cases you can generate income by selling your surplus energy back to your energy provider.

Solar.

This form of energy relies on the nuclear fusion power from the core of the Sun. This energy can be collected and converted in a few different ways. The range is from solar water heating with solar collectors or attic cooling with solar attic fans for domestic use to the complex technologies of direct conversion of sunlight to electrical energy using mirrors and boilers or photovoltaic cells.

Unfortunately these are currently insufficient to fully power our modern society.

(Source:.inhabitat.com)

Wind Power

The movement of the atmosphere is driven by differences of temperature at the Earth’s surface due to varying temperatures of the Earth’s surface when lit by sunlight. Wind energy can be used to pump water or generate electricity, but requires extensive areal coverage to produce significant amounts of energy.

(Source:.inhabitat.com)

Hydroelectric Energy

This form uses the gravitational potential of elevated water that was lifted from the oceans by sunlight. It is not strictly speaking renewable since all reservoirs eventually fill up and require very expensive excavation to become useful again. At this time, most of the available locations for hydroelectric dams are already used in the developed world.

Biomass

(Source: futurumltd.co.uk)

Biomass is the term for energy from organic waste. Energy in this form is very commonly used throughout the world. Unfortunately the most popular is the burning of trees for cooking and warmth.

This process releases copious amounts of carbon dioxide gases into the atmosphere and is a major contributor to unhealthy air in many areas. Some of the more modern forms of biomass energy are methane generation and production of alcohol for automobile fuel and fueling electric power plants.

Geothermal power

(Source: fotovoltaicosulweb.it)

Energy left over from the original accretion of the planet and augmented by heat from radioactive decay seeps out slowly everywhere, everyday. In certain areas the geothermal gradient (increase in temperature with depth) is high enough to exploit to generate electricity. This possibility is limited to a few locations on Earth and many technical problems exist that limit its utility.

Another form of geothermal energy is Earth energy, a result of the heat storage in the Earth’s surface. Soil everywhere tends to stay at a relatively constant temperature, the yearly average, and can be used with heat pumps to heat a building in winter and cool a building in summer. This form of energy can lessen the need for other power to maintain comfortable temperatures in buildings, but cannot be used to produce electricity.

Can A Country Achieve 100% Renewable Energy?

I

f you think 100% renewable energy will never happen?

Several countries have adopted ambitious plan to obtain their power from renewable energy. These countries are not only accelerating RE installations but are also integrating RE into their existing infrastructure to reach a 100% RE mix. Read our article.What are renewable energy sources? Solar power can be used directly for heating and producing electricity or indirectly via biomass, wind, ocean thermal, and hydroelectric power. Energy from the gravititational field can be harnessed by tidal power; and the internal heat of the Earth can be tapped geothermally.

These tools and more can help make the transition from nonrenewable to renewable and environmentally friendly energy.

However, none of these is sufficiently developed or abundant enough to substitute for fossil fuels use. Every one of these power sources (with the exception of hydroelectric) has low environmental costs, and combined have the potential to be important in avoiding a monumental crisis when the fossil fuel crunch hits. These energy sources are often non-centralized, leading to greater consumer control and involvement.

However, currently each of these energy forms is significantly more expensive than fossil fuels, which will lead to economic dislocations and hardship if they become the only power source for the future.

Electric Power System ____________________________________________

A

n electric power system is a network of electrical components deployed to supply, transfer, and use electric power. An example of an electric power system is the network that supplies a region’s homes and industry with power for sizeable regions, this power system is known as the grid and can be broadly divided into the generators that supply the power, the transmission system that carries the power from the generating centres to the load centres and the distribution system that feeds

the power to nearby homes and industries. Smaller power systems are also found in industry, hospitals, commercial buildings and homes. The majority of these systems rely upon three-phase AC power the standard for large-scale power transmission and distribution across the modern world. Specialised power systems that do not always rely upon threephase AC power are found in aircraft, electric rail systems, ocean liners and automob

Residential Power Systems Residential dwellings almost always take supply from the low voltage distribution lines or cables that run past the dwelling. These operate at voltages of between 110 and 260 volts (phase-to-earth) depending upon national standards.

A few decades ago small dwellings would be fed a single phase using a dedicated two-core service cable (one core for the active phase and one core for the neutral return). The active line would then be run through a main isolating switch in the fuse box and then split into one or more circuits to feed lighting and appliances inside the house. By convention, the lighting and appliance circuits are kept separate so the failure of an appliance does not leave the dwelling’s occupants in the dark. All circuits would be fused with an appropriate fuse based upon the wire size used for that circuit. Circuits would have both an active and neutral wire with both the lighting and power sockets being connected in parallel. Sockets would also be provided with a protective earth.

Commercial Power Systems Commercial power systems such as shopping centers or high-rise buildings are larger in scale than residential systems.

Electrical designs for larger commercial systems are usually studied for load flow, short-circuit fault levels, and voltage drop for steady-state loads and during starting of large motors. The objectives of the studies are to assure proper equipment and conductor sizing, and to coordinate protective devices so that minimal disruption is cause when a fault is cleared. Large commercial installations will have an orderly system of sub-panels, separate from the main distribution board to allow for better system protection and more efficient electrical installation.

National Grid Systems

The National Grid is the high-voltage electric power transmission network in Great Britain, connecting power stations and major substations and ensuring that electricity generated anywhere in England, Scotland and Wales can be used to satisfy demand elsewhere.

Power Plant All power systems have one or more sources of power. For some power systems, the source of power is external to the system but for others it is part of the system itself.

Step-up Transformer A transformer is an electrical device that changes the voltage of an AC supply. When a current flows through a wire, some energy is lost as heat. The higher the current, the more heat is lost. The National Grid transmits electricity at a low current to reduce these losses. This requires a high voltage.

Tower Power stations produce electricity at 25,000V. Electricity is sent through the National Grid cables at 400,000V, 275,000V and 132,000V.

Transmission Substation Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels.

Distribution Substation Distribution substation typically operates at 2.4 – 34.5 kV voltage levels, and deliver electric energy directly to industrial and residential consumers. Distribution feeders transport power from the distribution substations to the end consumers’ premises. These feeders serve a large number of premises and usually contain many branches.

Step-down Transformer High voltages are too dangerous for use in the home, so step-down transformers are used locally to reduce the voltage to safe levels.

Home / User

Energy Insecurity

______________________________________________________

T

he IEA defines energy security as “the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordable price�. Energy security has many dimensions: long-term energy security mainly deals with timely investments to supply energy in line with economic developments and sustainable environmental needs. Short-term energy security focuses on the ability of the energy system to react promptly to sudden changes within the supplydemand balance. Lack of energy security is thus linked to the negative economic and social impacts of either physical unavailability of energy, or prices that are not competitive or are overly volatile.

In cases such as the international oil market, where prices are allowed to adjust in response to changes in supply and demand, the risk of physical unavailability is limited to extreme events. Supply security concerns are primarily related to the economic damage caused by extreme price spikes. The concern for physical unavailability of supply is more prevalent in energy markets where transmission systems must be kept

in constant balance, such as electricity and, to some extent, natural gas. This is particularly the case in instances where there are capacity constraints or where prices are not able to work as an adjustment mechanism to balance supply and demand in the short term. Ensuring energy security has been at the centre of the mission of the IEA since its inception.

The ability to respond collectively in the case of a serious oil supply disruption with short-term emergency response measures remains one of the core activities of the IEA. The long-term aspect of energy security was also included in the Agency’s founding objectives, which called for promoting alternative energy sources in order to reduce oil import dependency. The IEA continues to work to improve energy security over the longer term by promoting energy policies that encourage diversification, both of energy types and supply sources, and that facilitate better functioning and more integrated energy markets.

(Source: eastwestcenter.org)

Defining Energy Security

Durability of supply Security means energy flows can withstand and adapt to the interruption of supply. The threat to energy flows can take many forms. In the past few years, major disruptions have come from hurricanes, revolutions, labor strikes, and war. In Rome, talk about what might interrupt energy supplies tended to focus on terrorism.

Affordability The importance of price asserted itself quickly in the NESA Center forum’s discussion of energy security. It does so in any realistic conversation about the subject. But not all such conversations are realistic.

Sufficiency relative to demand. Unmet need does nothing constructive for security; by raising prices, in fact, it does quite the opposite.

Environmental acceptability Most conversations about energy treat the environment and security as discrete matters to be dealt with accordingly. Maybe that’s because each topic is so big and contentious that treating them as mere parts of a larger whole seems unwieldy beyond hope. Maybe that’s wrong.

Energy Transmission losses ______________________________________________________

During the transmission of electricity, some energy is ‘lost’ from the transmission system, usually in the form of heat. This lost energy is known as transmission losses.

As energy is transported from the point of production to the end user, some of it is lost. Under the BSC arrangements there are two ways in which these losses are accounted for: -Losses on the Distribution Networks are allocated through the use of Line Loss Factors (LLFs).

-Losses on the Transmission System are allocated across BSC Parties through the use of Transmission Loss Multipliers (TLMs).

The UK Transmission System is a high voltage electricity network. The network transfers energy from Transmission connected Power Stations to Distribution Networks. These Distribution Networks then transfer energy to our homes and businesses. The Transmission System also transfers energy via Interconnectors to and from France, the Netherlands, Northern Ireland and Ireland. Businesses with high energy consumption may also be directly connected to the Transmission System; these tend to be large factories. Nothing is absolutely perfect, and that includes transmission lines and transformers. Run electrical energy through a wire and some of it will end up becoming heat. As a result, not all all of the electricity generated at a giant rural coal power plant makes its way to the cities that consume most of our electricity.

The Impacts of National Grids

(Source: carboncounter.wordpress.com)

T

he numbers are relatively clear. In typical modernised economies roughly 6-9% of electricity generated is lost in tranmission.

None of the modernised economies lose more than 10%. Japan and South Korea have lower losses than anywhere else, and I guess this is down to high population density. Things are different in developing economies. In 2000, India lost around 30% of its electricity in transmission. However, this has improved significantly, and it is now down to around 18%. Meanwhile, Russia and Mexico can still improve a lot on their losses, but not as much as

India has. China however appears to have always had losses at the levels of typical modernised economies, and its transmission losses are essentially identical to America’s today . Whether this is real or simply a result of deliberate misreporting of statistics is not clear. The unreliability of China’s official statistics has long been a topic of academic research – just look at pork statistics – but I cannot find any research on whether their transmission loss figures are reliable.

Perhaps there is a paper waiting to be written. So, there you go. At most 10% of electricity is lost in transmission, unless you don’t have the luck of living

Efficiency of Electric Appliance

_________________________________________________________________

Top-down energy savings are derived from the multiplication of the variation of a unit energy consumption by an indicator of activity over a reference period. For instance, the energy savings of a given appliance (e.g. refrigerators) are derived from the variation in the average specific energy consumption per appliance (in kWh/year) multiplied by the stock of refrigerators ; for example, a reduction of the specific consumption of refrigerators from 400 to 300 kWh in a country with one 1 million of refrigerators will result in total electricity savings equal to 100 GWh. The weighting system used to calculate ODEX has been defined in such a way that ODEX is equal to a rate of energy savings, i.e. the ratio between the actual energy consumption (E) of the sector in year t and actual energy consumption (E) without energy savings (ES): ODEX =(E/(E+ES)) *100.

For households, the evaluation is carried out at the level of 3 end-uses (heating, water heating, cooking) and 5 large appliances (refrigerators, freezers, washing machines, dishwashers and TVs). For each end-use, the following indicators are considered to measure efficiency progress: -Heating: unit consumption per m2 at normal climate (toe/m2)4 -Water heating: unit consumption per dwelling with water heating -Cooking: unit consumption per dwelling -Large electrical appliances: specific electricity consumption, in kWh/year/appliance In some countries, there is a slow down or even a deterioration of energy efficiency progress for heating since the mid-nineties. In a few other countries, there is even an overall increase in the ODEX since 1990. Such changes should not be interpreted as a reduction of energy efficiency, as technical savings have not actually stopped, with all the extra policy measures implemented in the late nineties and the continuous addition of new dwellings that are much more efficient. This situation rather reflects negative behavioural savings, due to higher indoor temperature. This means that the actual energy efficiency progress is under estimated, with the standard calculation of the ODEX, as proposed above.

(Source: eastwestcenter.org)

Fridge In most homes the refrigerator is the second-largest user of electricity (13.7%), right after the air conditioner (14.1%). With most appliances you save energy by using them less, but you can’t very well do that with your fridge. The main way to save money with your fridge is to use an efficient model. New fridges aren’t just a little more efficient, they’re incredibly more efficient. A 1986-era 18 c.f. fridge uses 1400 kWh a year, while a modern energy-efficient model uses only 350 kWh — a whopping 75% reduction.

Date of Fridge Energy Saving over the Year

(Source: michaelbluejay.com)

Lighting To appreciate the recent advances in lighting, we should consider the historical perspective. Though there was a move towards the use of fluorescent light tubes in the 1960s, incandescent light bulbs remained our main source of domestic lighting for over 90 years. Standard solutions for lighting our homes became established with the typical 40, 60 or 100 watt incandescent lamps available, and any slight deficiencies in lighting were easily addressed with a higher wattage bulb or by investing in a multi-lamp fitting. Energy was cheap and we had little concern over the fact that our light bulbs were only 10% efficient, generating only a miserly dozen or so lumens of light per watt. A very different attitude to lighting has emerged in the last few years. Partly driven by legislation, but also by a growing public appreciation of the role good lighting can play in improving their homes. Lighting has become a lifestyle statement. Homeowners are now looking for wall washes, spot-lit features, subtle accent lighting, clever use of colour temperature and colour rendition, and the ability to control lighting for different moods and activities. In addition they are increasingly aware of the environmental benefits, reduced lighting bills and flexibility that LED technology can provide.

Domestic Lighting Performance Development Over Time

(Source: energysavingtrust.org.uk)

IV. Technology ____________________________

[tek-nol-uh-jee] noun, plural technologies 1. the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment, drawing upon such subjects as industrial arts, engineering, applied science, and pure science.

2. the application of this knowledge for practical ends.

3. the sum of the ways in which social groups provide themselves with the material objects of their civilization.

Human Energy Havesting

_____________________________________________________

T

he human body contains enormous quantities of energy. In fact, the average adult has as much energy stored in fat as a one-ton battery. That energy fuels our everyday activities, but what if those actions could in turn run the electronic devices we rely on? Today, innovators around the world are banking on our potential to do just that.

Movement produces kinetic energy, which can be converted into power. In the past, devices that turned human kinetic energy into electricity, such as handcranked radios, computers and flashlights, involved a person’s full participation. But a growing field is tapping into our energy without our even noticing it.

Consider, for example, a health club. With every step you take on a treadmill and with every bicep curl, you turn surplus calories into motion that could drive a generator and produce electricity. The energy from one person’s workout may not be much, but 100 people could contribute significantly to a facility’s

Hand-Cranked Radios

(Source: ecofriend.com)

A Pedal-Powered Food Processor

power needs.

Vibrational energy harvesting systems that convert ambient mechanical energy in the environment to usable electrical energy represent a promising emerging technology to achieve autonomous, selfrenewable, and maintenance-free operation of wireless electronic devices and systems. A complete energy harvesting system comprises three main components: an energy harvester that converts the mechanical vibrations into electrical energy, an energy harvesting interface circuit that conditions and regulates the energy, and an energy storage element that stores the intermittent harvested energy. In this work, a fully self-contained energy harvesting system is demonstrated using an input-powered interface circuit and a non-resonant electrodynamic harvester, designed specifically for harvesting energy from human movements.

Types of Human Energy Havesting Technology

________________________________________________________________________________________________

Piezoelectric Sensor A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect, to measure changes in pressure, acceleration, temperature, strain or force by converting them to an electrical charge. The theories behind piezoelectricity, or the conversion of movements and vibrations into electricity, have existed for over 100 years. Very few applications of piezoelectricity exist in this modern age.

Piezoelectric plates are placed under the cross-walk so that vibrations and pressure fluctuations caused by cars and pedestrians can be converted into electricity. The electricity is piped to power street lamps, traffic signals, cameras and other electronic devices located in the vicinity. This is an idea technology suitable for busy metropolises.

(Source: mechanicalengineeringblog.com

Electromagnet Transducers

T

here are two basic components in an EMART transducer. One is a magnet and others is an electric coil.

The magnet can be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet , which produces a static or a quasi-static magnetic field.

-In Electromagnectic Transducers, the measured is converted to voltage induced in conductor by change in the magnetic flux, in absence of excitation.

-The electromagnetic transducer are self generating active transducers.

-The motion between a piece of magnet and an electromagnet is reponsible for the change in flux.

(Source: researchgate.net)

Electrorheological (ER) Shock Absorber

T

he weight of a passing vehiecle engages a retchet to drive the flywheel and generator. The unique feature of this system is that the electromagnectic generators only rotate in one direction and can directly obtain DC voltage without using rectifiers.

Energy harvesting devices can also be designed for a combination ofvibration controls. In, ER Shock Absorber harvesting systems,was applied on the vehicle suspension acting as a controllable damper as well as an energy generator. When the vehicle rolling on an uneven road, the shock absorber can transfer the vertical vibration of the vehicle into electrical energy based on the electromagnetic mechanism. The shock absorber was installed on a SUV, and an average power output of 15.4 W was obtained with a 20 Ί external electrical load when the vehicle was driven at 15 mph. This system to be applied in a quarter-car model, and it was shown that this system could improve charge mileage, comfort and reliability of the vehicles.

(Source: researchgate.net)

The shock absorber system applying electromagnetic transducer

Dynamo Electric Generator

A

dynamo is an electrical generator that produces direct current with the use of a commutator. Dynamos were the first electrical generators capable of delivering power for industry, and the foundation upon which many other later electric-power conversion devices were based, including the electric motor, the alternating-current alternator, and the rotary converter. Today, the simpler alternator dominates large scale power generation, for efficiency, reliability and cost reasons. A dynamo has the disadvantages of a mechanical commutator. Also, converting alternating to direct current using power

rectification devices (vacuum tube or more recently solid state) is effective and usually economical.

The electric dynamo uses rotating coils of wire and magnetic fields to convert mechanical rotation into a pulsing direct electric current through Faraday’s law of induction. A dynamo machine consists of a stationary structure, called the stator, which provides a constant magnetic field, and a set of rotating windings called the armature which turn within that field. Due to Faraday’s law of induction the motion of the wire within the magnetic field creates an electromotive force which pushes on the electrons in the metal, creating an electric current in the wire

(Source: hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu)

III. Human Energy

_______________________________________

noun When Human does some work, he gets tired. I will think he looses some energy. If he really loses energy by doing work how does he gain more strength to do more work later. His muscles become strong and body gets more power to do extra work after routine practise.

Human Power

_____________________________

Human power is work or energy that is produced from the human body. It can also refer to the power (rate of work per time) of a human. Power comes primarily from muscles, but body heat is also used to do work like warming shelters, food, or other humans. World records of power performance by humans are of interest to work planners and workprocess engineers. The average level of human power that can be maintained over a certain duration of time, say over the extent of one minute or one hour is interesting to engineers designing work operations in industry. Human power is sometimes used to generate electricity that is stored.

Normal human metabolism produces heat at a basal metabolic rate of around 80 watts.A trained cyclist

can produce about 400 watts of mechanical power for an hour or more, but adults of good average fitness average between 50 and 150 watts for an hour of vigorous exercise. A healthy well-fed laborer over the course of an 8-hour work shift can sustain an average output of about 75 watts. The yield of electric power is decreased by the inefficiency of the human-powered generator, since all real generators will incur some losses during the energy conversion process.While some exercise equipment has been fitted with generators, the amount of energy collected is of low value compared to the cost of the conversion equipment.

Muscle

_______________

M

uscle is a soft tissue found in most animals.

Muscle cells contain protein filaments of actin and myosin that slide past one another, producing a contraction that changes both the length and the shape of the cell. Muscles function to produce force and motion. They are primarily responsible for maintaining and changing posture, locomotion, as well as movement of internal organs, such as the contraction of the heart and the movement of food through the digestive system via peristalsis.

Muscle tissues are derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells in a process known as myogenesis. There are three types of muscle,

skeletal or striated, cardiac, and smooth. Muscle action can be classified as being either voluntary or involuntary. Cardiac and smooth muscles contract without conscious thought and are termed involuntary, whereas the skeletal muscles contract upon command.Skeletal muscles in turn can be divided into fast and slow twitch fibers.

Muscles are predominantly powered by the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates, but anaerobic chemical reactions are also used, particularly by fast twitch fibers. These chemical reactions produce adenosine triphosphate molecules that are used to power the movement of the myosin heads.

Everyday human activity Energy

__________________________________________________________________

R

esearchers at Columbia University have conducted the first exhaustive study into kinetic energy harvesting the harvesting of “free” energy from common human activities, such as walking, writing with a pencil, taking a book off a shelf, or opening a door. Surprisingly, except for those living the most sedentary lifestyles, we all move around enough that a kinetic energy harvester such as a modified Fitbit or Nike FuelBand could sustain a wireless network link with other devices, such as a laptop or smartphone.

Energy harvesting is expected to play a very important role in the future of wearable computing and the internet of things, where direct sources of power such as batteries or solar power are cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. At its most basic, a kinetic/inertial energy harvester is a small box with a weight attached to a spring. When the spring moves, the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy, usually by means of piezoelectrics or MEMS (microelectromechanical systems). If the spring moves with more force, or it bounces back and forth rapidly, more energy is produced.

As you can imagine, some human movements produce more harvestable energy than others, with periodic motions i.e. repetitive left/right, up/down, back/forth motions in particular being the key. This is illustrated by the researchers’ finding that writing with a pencil or opening a drawer produces more harvestable energy (10-30 microwatts) than a plane flight at its most turbulant intervals (5 microwatts). For comparison, walking produces somewhere in the region of 100-200 microwatts. The researchers found that intentionally shaking an object, as demonstrated by shake flashlights, creates more than 3,000 microwatts (3 milliwatts).

The table below shows the amount of energy that humans produce as they go about their everyday lives, relaxing, walking, running, and cycling. Again, you see that the vigorous periodic motion of walking and running produces a lot of energy. The cycling figure, which is very low (10 µW), would be much higher if the harvester was placed lower on the leg.

Future Cities harvest energy from Human Activity

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

F

rom footfalls to climbing stairs, to opening doors, the cities of the future will look at ways of tapping energy from all the mechanical energy we expend going about our daily lives. When looking at the amount of kinetic energy produced in the average metro station at rush hour, or even on the dance floors of nightclubs, harvesting electricity from human activity makes sense.

The technology that makes it possible,the piezoelectric effect is more than 130 years old: in 1880, the brothers Jacques and Pierre Curie discovered that placing crystals under pressure produced an electric charge. Today, manufacturing technology has made it possible to place piezoelectric devices in the most unlikely places and one company, Pavegen, has developed power-generating systems for pavements, football fields and even school corridors. “People walk up to 150 million footsteps in their lifetime,” Pavegen CEO Laurence Kemball-Cook told CNN. “When I was walking through a busy train station in London I thought what if we can convert the energy from every single person walking at the station into a meaningful amount of power.” The company’s footfall harvesting technology a deflecting pad

covered with the type of soft ground surface commonly found in playgrounds - can produce up to 7 watts of energy with each step. Collecting this energy, Kemball-Cook says, is enough to power lights and other small devices for minutes at a time from a mere one hundred or so footfalls.

The technology is most effective in areas with high traffic, producing an efficient solution that matches supply with demand. In Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for instance, the company installed 200 kinetic tiles into a local football pitch in Morro da Mineira -- a favela plagued by blackouts. The Pavegen tiles work day and night alongside solar panels to power the lights for up to 10 hours on a full battery, creating the world’s first ever people-powered football pitch.

“It’s not only a way of inspiring future generations into energy savings but it shows we need different energy mixes ,Some people walk 40,000 steps a day, so there’s a lot of potential in those wasted footsteps.

“Most people go to a gym so why are we plugging in those treadmills? Why not have those self-powered to charge your cellphone? To power the aircon in the building? Use the energy in a new way?”

‘‘Some people walk 40,000 steps a day, so there’s a lot of potential in those wasted footsteps’’

Laurence Kemball-Cook

Activity - Human Energy Floors Powered Subways Station

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

W

hen the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) decided to invest in alternative energy sources, it only had to look to its users for the perfect source of energy. Recently the company decided to update their Tokyo Station with a revolutionary new piezoelectric energy generating floor. The system will harvest the kinetic energy generated by crowds to power ticket gates and display systems.

Piezoelectric flooring is a technology with a wide range of applications that is slowly being adopted in the race to develop alternative energy sources. After all, human power is readily available in pretty much any area with heavy foot traffic, such as a dancefloor, or a tourist attractions.

JR East have recently improved and expanded the system by changing the floor covering from rubber to stone tiles, and have improved the layout of the mechanisms to improve energy generation. The total amount of floor-space will add up to around 25 square meters, and they expect to obtain over 1,400kw per day – more than enough to power their systems.

“An average person, weighing 60 kg, will generate only 0.1 watt in the single second required to take two steps across the tile,” said Yoshiaki Takuya, a planner with Soundpower Corp. “But when they are covering a large area of floor space and thousands of people are stepping or jumping on them, then we can generate significant amounts of power.”

Stored in capacitors, the power can be channeled to energy-hungry parts of the station, he said, including the electrical lighting system and the ticket gates.

Activity - Human Energy Dance Floor Dutch Nightclub

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

N

ew hip Club Watt was somehow electric, you would be right: Watt has a new type of dance floor that harvests the energy generated by jumps and gyrations and transforms it into electricity.

It is one of a handful of energy-generating floors in the world, most still experimental.With its human engineering, Watt partly powers itself: The better the music, the more people dance, the more electricity comes out of the floor.

At Watt, which describes itself as the first sustainable dance club, that electricity is used to power the light show in and around the floor. “For this first club, we thought it was useful for people to see the results,”

said Michel Smit, an adviser on the project. “But if the next owner wants to use the electricity to power his toaster, it can do that just as well.”

Watt is in large part the creation of the Sustainable Dance Club, a quirky company formed last year by a group of Dutch ecological inventors, engineers and investors now headed by Mr. Smit. More than a year in the making, Watt is a huge performance space with not just the sustainable dance floor, but also rainwater-fed toilets and low-waste bars. (Everything is recycled.) Its heat is harvested in part from the bands’ amplifiers and other musical equipment.

‘‘Our idea is that there’s enough energy in this world, you just have to use it the right way’’

Mr. Smit

(Source: inhabitat.com)

Activity - Human Energy-Generating GYM

_________________________________________________________________________________________

A

British gym has become the first in the world to harness the energy of its users to generate its own electricity.Bikes, cross trainers and ‘vario’ machines at Cadbury House in Congresbury, near Bristol will each feed around 100w per hour back into the building’s power supply.

The new treadmills will also use 30 per cent less electricity and generate enough energy to power their own information screens. The 42 pieces of equipment, called ARTIS and supplied by Technogym, cost £600,000 and are considered the most energy efficient in the world. Jason Eaton, general manager of the club said: ‘This is the very latest in health club technology in terms of design, sustainability, connectivity and biomechanical excellence. The technology works by using a dynamo

(Source: sciencepal.blogspot.co.uk)

or holding cell. Once the user has begun to exercise, the equipment will power up - generating electricity from the energy they are producing.As soon as the machines have generated enough power to operate, any surplus energy will be stored inside a holding cell, or dynamo, which is then fed back into the building’s electricity supply. The treadmills use innovative brushless motor technology, combined with low friction materials, to reduce their energy consumption by 30 per cent.

The gym currently powers its own lighting, but the hope is that one day they will be feeding surplus energy into the national grid and reducing electricity bills

V. Utopianism of Human Power ____________________________

[tek-nol-uh-jee] noun, plural technologies 1. the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment, drawing upon such subjects as industrial arts, engineering, applied science, and pure science.

2. the application of this knowledge for practical ends.

3. the sum of the ways in which social groups provide themselves with the material objects of their civilization.

Project Brief

___________________________

B

y research on the current energy, human power, and with the support of the future human energy harvesting technology, a human activity powered community was proposed. The challenge of the project is to design an energy independence community that provides an alternative way of possible lifestyle and typology for the future people.The proposed community will probably solve the insecurity of the energy crisis of self-sustain in energy, independence from the expansive electric bills in the future living. The energy havested from the human activity will be stored and share in between the community to self-sustain. Look into the whole, the community will create a new type of typology of small energy loop in their own community. The design of the community is to provide a community that solves the problems of energy insecurity that will be faced in the future of the mankind. The methods used to realize the mission is changing the way we build, through innovation in typology and morphology to establish a new system that react to the human activity.

Under the prediction and progression of the world in energy and technology, by 2065 human mankind will arrive the advancement of technology in human power harvesting technology and the low energy consumption for the housing appliance, in that time we will change the way we planning and build our community in order to create a sustainable and efficient use of energy lifestyle. The design of the community is to increase the energy used by the people in the community and to harvest the energy to power the community. It might be sound impossible or crazy at the moment, but it will be possible to realize in the future when the technology is matured and ready, so the main purpose of this community design is to prepare and provide a solid future vision of human power community through efficient use of energy.

Mission Mission is to create a utopia types of universal community and integrated it with the agricultural community in Waverveen, Netherlands. People staying in the community are able to live in free energy bills, free from energy insecurity. The purpose of the Human Activity powered community is to realize the true free from energy self-sustain community, At the same time the community will become the model of the experiment for the efficient use of human power in the future context.

Challange - Design a community to increase the efficiency use of energy .

- Design a new community typology that can enhance the human power harvesting system.

- Creating a community that self-sustain free energy sharing system in between the community.

- Identified and design system that havesting, storing and sharing the human activity energy.

- To create a community that included live, work and play concept and harvesting the activity energy .

- To create an energy and food secure community.

- A human powered self-sustain community targeted on 15 to 20 thousand people.

Target Population : 15-20K People

STRATEGY

Program Human Powered Community

Context Agriculture

Human Activity Powered Community uses the concept of utopia, to create a free energy community through the contribution of every residence in the community, the ideals can be cloned to the other part of the world that accept and need for the concept. To assure assimilate the ideals into the local community, the integrated of the local context is very important when design for the community.

SITEWaverveen, Amsterdam ____________________________________________________________

T

he first testing site for the proposed Human Activity Powered Community located in the agriculture community Waverveen on the outskirts of Amsterdam. The site Waverveen, Amsterdam Siphol Airport, and Amsterdam Central will form a triangle relationship for transport, logistic and cultural. Waverveen was chosen because of its ideal geographical strategic location of 1 hour cycling travel distance Amsterdam central.

Reasons behind of this site is :1) Cultural Ready - Amsterdam as the capital of cycling city, it is political, cultural and socially “ready� to accept the change to a better future though the human power.

2)Strategic Location-An Hour of cycling distance from the Amsterdam city center, this provides a good resource supply from the city at the beginning.

3)Triangle Connection - Strategic connection with Siphol Airport and Amsterdam central, this provides this future city become the model of the human powered mobility city to the world.

4) Geographically Suitable - Plenty of flat land on the south side of the city, provide the opportunity of future expansion of the community to accommodate more people.

AMSTERDAM CENTRAL

SCHIPHOL AIRPORT

PROPOSED SITE WAVERVEEN

Location Plan

____________________________

Amsterdam Cultural ________________________________________

A

typical Amsterdam street scene sees countless cyclists either heading to or from work, transporting young children to school, or carrying anything from groceries or house pets to impressively tricky artefacts like ladders or even bulky furniture. With this in mind, it can seem to outsiders like cycling is simply built into the Dutch DNA. In reality, the Netherlands’ renowned cycling prowess is a hard-won combination of urban planning, government spending and people power.

There are more bicycles than residents in The Netherlands and in cities like Amsterdam and The Hague up to 70% of all journeys are made by bike. The BBC’s Hague correspondent, Anna Holligan, who rides an omafiets - or “granny style” - bike complete with wicker basket and pedal-back brakes, examines what made everyone get back in the saddle.

The 70s velo-rution Before World War II, journeys in the Netherlands were predominantly made by bike, but in the 1950s and 1960s, as car ownership rocketed, this changed. As in many countries in Europe, roads became increasingly congested and cyclists were squeezed to the kerb.The jump in car numbers caused a huge rise in the number of deaths on the roads. In 1971 more than 3,000 people were killed by motor vehicles, 450 of them children.In response a social movement demanding safer cycling conditions for children was formed. Called Stop de Kindermoord (Stop the Child Murder), it took its name from the headline of an article written by journalist Vic Langenhoff whose own child had been killed in a road accident. The Dutch faith in the reliability and sustainability of the motor vehicle was also shaken by the Middle East oil crisis of 1973, when oil-producing countries stopped exports to the US and Western Europe.These twin pressures helped to persuade the Dutch government to invest in improved cycling infrastructure and Dutch urban planners started to diverge from the car-centric road-building policies being pursued throughout the urbanising West.

Path to glory To make cycling safer and more inviting the Dutch have built a vast network of cycle paths. These are clearly marked, have smooth surfaces, separate signs and lights for those on two wheels, and wide enough to allow side-by-side cycling and overtaking.

In many cities the paths are completely segregated from motorised traffic. Sometimes, where space is scant and both must share, you can see signs showing an image of a cyclist with a car behind accompanied by the words ‘Bike Street: Cars are guests’.

At roundabouts, too, it is those using pedal power who have priority.

You can cycle around a roundabout while cars (almost always) wait patiently for you to pass. The idea that “the bike is right” is such an alien concept for tourists on bikes that many often find it difficult to navigate roads and junctions at first.

Today, tourists and locals alike find it difficult to image that the city’s most beloved streets and squares were only a few decades ago dominated by cars and parking lots. Even fewer appreciate that this transformation faced fierce opposition. People opposed policies that restricted car access and made parking more expensive. Business owners protested, claiming that less car traffic and parking spaces in front of their shops would threaten their livelihoods. But officials implemented a progressive, ambitious program of reducing car speeds, driving space and parking availability.

Their vision transformed the city into the livable place it is today. Cars have not been banned completely, but the reallocation of space has made driving less convenient, in favor of pedestrians, cyclists and public transport.

Amsterdam or Netherland both at the forefront of human power usage in human history, what is the next destination of this bike city would bring the human power to another position by re-establish the standard for a more sustainable, healthy and energy efficient future city ?

The Answer is Human Activity Powered Community or City.

Cultural : Re-Invention Energy System

_______________________________________________________________________________

B

y 2065, Human Activity Powered Community Energy System is like the blood circulatory system in the human body, it defined the culture of the community. In metaphor, the energy sharing network in the community is the veins, the people are the red blood cells that bring the energy (Oxygen), and the energy will be harvested and send to the center of the energy tower (Heart) and share in between the community. The whole system defines the typology of the community, to harvest, distribute and storing.

Compact and Centralize Compact typology on the Community Hub gather the people in the community to increase the efficiency of the human power havesting system .Centralize circulation in the community further gather the energy of ‘‘moving’’ /

Equal and Resonable Force The Circle Master Plan layout creates an equal distance of 5km between residential ring and community hub, this decision make under the research of comfortable average walking pace 5km per hour.This reasonable force the people to walk one hours to the community hub for working and other activity. at the same time the energy was harvested.

Industrial

Residence /Public Building

Division of work In 2065, the world was 100% supply by renewable energy. Advance in technology, the efficiency in energy production by other renewable energy like wind turbine and solar power produce a powerful energy than the needs of low energy consumption of housing electric appliance, a new rule to divide the work for the source of renewable energy.

The solar energy and wind turbine was categories for industrial use only and have to build far away from residential for the health and safety purposes, and new way to build make the community able to produce the sufficient of energy for itself.

Smart Use The smart use of energy in the community is one of the important keys in the energy system, to reduce the waste of the energy difference type of sensor used in the community to make sure the energy was in use when needed. The tradition ‘‘always on’’ street light was abolished, the street in Human Activity Powered Community not only used to generate energy, it also integrated with the smart walking street light, the pedestrian will light up itself when the floor sense the pressure from the people.

Symbolizes the energy and the spirit of the community -

Cultural : Re-Invention Energy System

_______________________________________________________________________________

Human Power Community Energy Sharing Network Community Energy Sharing network reduce the energy losses in the typical long and far national grid system, at the same time it secure the stability of the energy supply in the community.

Residence Energy Tower

Community Energy Sharing Network

Community Hub Energy Tower

Energy Tower

Energy Storage

Core Circulation of Energy Tower

GYM and Emergency Human Power Generator Energy Tower

Cultural : Food and Body Muscle

_____________________________________________________________________

Average moderately active person take 7500 step/day The average moderately active person take around 7,500 step/day.

Average moderatetely step distance is 0.762 meters The Steps Out program considers an average step to be 0.762 meters (this equals a 2.5 foot stride). Therefore, 1 kilometer = 1,320 steps.

Average Adult need 2500Calories per day __________________________________________________________________________________________ Mean, A moderately person walk 5715 M/day and 2500Calories / 3meal = 834 Calories /Meal 2250/5715= 0.393 Calories needed to walk 1M Assume , From home to work and return (Community Hub) =10000M and Assume 2000M of extra walk needed to walk inside the community in a day Residence living in the Human Power Community walk total 12000 M/day Calculate, The Calories needed/day in the Human Power Community 12000M X 0.393 Calories = 4716 Calories/day 4716 Calories / 2500 Calories= Residence in the Human Power Community take 1.9 times calories than Now High Calories Healthy Food recommended for the Residence living in the Human Powered Community.

Source : http://stepsout.com/osoyoos/page.asp?p=44 https://snowbrains.com/brain-post-how-far-does-the-average-human-walk-in-a-lifetime/ http://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/food-nutrition/facts/question457.htm http://www.echocredits.org/downloads/2051055/With%2Bmy%2Bwalk.pdf https://authoritynutrition.com/how-many-calories-per-day/

Muscle Mass Muscle mass indicates the weight of muscle in your body. Muscle mass is composed of 3 types of muscles: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.Skeletal muscle is also called striated muscle and is under voluntary control. As an example: the biceps are a skeletal muscle. Smooth muscle is an involuntary non striated-muscle that contracts autonomously without any voluntary thought. The gut is an example of a smooth muscle. Cardiac muscle is a mix between skeletal and smooth muscle: it is an involuntary striated muscle.

The normal ranges for muscle mass are as follows:

Average of Body Muscle Mass for a healthy adult in the Human Powered Community is 1.9 times more than people Now

MasterPlan

_______________________

The overrall planning of the masterplan was based on the Walking Radious of 5KM, with the research of human average walking pace is 5km/ hours , the masterplan was plan to let the residence for having atleast an hours of walking distance from their home to the center of the community hub.

1) COMMUNITY HUB Community hub is the heart of the community, most of the activity was happening in the centre of the planning, Argrlcuture hub, Amenities, Office, Transport Centre, Education, Retails, Entertainment, Business, Market.allocated in the community hub. In other word, every residence has to walk to the community hub to get the work done every day. This is to maximize the walking energy harvested.

2)RESIDENCIAL RING Residence area was located on the outer ring of the community, to distance the travel distance between the community hub and the place they live. The residence was designed to maximize the human power as well. The designer of the residence can accommodate 15 to 20 thousand residence.

3)AGRICULTURE A 20km Square of Agriculture land was occupied the space between the center hub and residential ring The agricultural land mixed used with different types of methods like Green house, vertical farming and difference types of crop to full filled the community in different seasons and trading with other community.

4)RIVER/ CANAL Netherland is a country with a massive canal system that use for transport, agriculture , Recreation and Storm water management.The planning of the master plan included the traditional cultural context of the Netherlands in the planning to give the recreation, water supply and agriculture purposes to the community.

5)BIKE HIGHWAY Bike as an efficient human powered transport, the elevated bike highway was included in the planning to make a connection to the other community and to the Amsterdam central.

This provides a fast and barrier free transport to others place.

6)INNER RING ROAD Inner ring road in the community connects the huge agriculture land in the community to transport the crops to the community hub.

5

4 2

3

6

1

Community Hub

__________________________________

Community hub is the heart of the community, most of the activity was happening in the centre of the planning, Argrlcuture hub, Amenities, Office, Transport Centre, Education, Retails, Entertainment, Business, Market. allocated in the community hub. In other word, every residence has to walk to the community hub to get the work done every day. This is to maximize the walking energy harvested.

Space Planning for Community Hub ___________________________________________________

Efficiency Centralize Main Comunity Path The residence in the community will take the main path going to the community hub in the center of the community , this layout provide a efficiency centralize human power havesting system.

Efficiency Centralize Main Community Center Hub The main circulation of the community located at the center of the community,Vertical Circulation located at the center of the community Hub, this design provide a compact and efficiency of energy havesting system , all the circulation will have to go through the center of the building.

Human Power Residence

___________________________________________________

Human Power Residence is self-powered residence though few energy havesting technology.

-Micro Vibration Havesting Technology Vibration exists everywhere, from sitting on the chair to boiling the water, we unconsciously created the flow of energy, according to the Law of Conservation of Energy, Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, sometimes it just converted to the micro vibration, so it will be harvested though the energy transferred to the floor.

-Piezoelectric Sensor Piezoelectric sensor is an efficient way of harvesting the pressure of force from every activity in house, piezoelectric was integrated with the future floor tiles and construction method to harvest the energy.

-Kinetic Energy Havesting Kinetic energy is the most direct type of energy can be harvested, from sliding the door or wall to turning the house for better sunlight and views in future human powered residential. The sliding door provides the freedom of customizable space for the future housing to fit the need of every single person. furthermore the house a allow to turn the direction to change the view and response to sunlight.

-Bike Enegy Future bike will equip with smart bike generator and energy storing system, bike will harvest its own energy and the energy will be transferred to the electric system wirelessly when stop at the designed space (Vestibule).

Human Power Transport System

____________________________________________________________________

The Human Power Transport System provides future energy harvesting, transport for the people and goods. The System will harvesting the energy through the vibration of the passing by transport. In this project, the suitable human power, transport system is an elevated bike highway that separated the bike from the pedestrian. The challenge for the transport system is to design a human power lifting system that brings the Human powered transport from low leve. to the high level. The lifting system was inspired by the Wheel of Death (Space Wheel) from the circus and was reinvented to harvesting the energy used to life the transport.

Inner Community Hub Transport System The transport system was integrated with the inner space planning to give covinient to loading/unloading and circulation of the goods and agriculture in the community.

Outter Community Transport System Outter Community Transport system provide fast and efficient transport system to connect to the amsterdam central ,airport and others community.

Human Power Transport Lifting Station

Human Power Transport Lifting System Inspired by the Wheel of Death, in the context of acrobatic circus arts, is a large rotating apparatus on which performers carry out synchronized acrobatic skills. The “wheel� is actually a large space frame beam with hooped tracks at either end, within which the performers can stand.

Its work based on the balancing with the wheel. By redesign the wheel with integrated belt that connected with the core of the arms, allow the bike to click into the wheel and turn the wheel on static state. At the same time the belt was connected to a dynamo to harvest energy and translate it into useable electric.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_of_Death_(Space_Wheel) https://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=GB&hl=en-GB&v=H43NsRujmlg https://www.eta.co.uk/2015/04/14/pedal-powered-bicycle-of-death-theme-park/

Lifting Ring Core Arms with enegy havesting dynamo Low Level High Level (Transport Highway) Vibration Havesting

Biblography

_________________________

Utopianism http://www.dictionary.com/browse/utopianism https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utopia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_utopianism http://web.mit.edu/m-i-t/science_fiction/jenkins/jenkins_1.html http://bifurcan.blogspot.co.uk/2008/05/technological-utopianism-in-american.html https://www.slideshare.net/ThomasKlaffke/technoutopianism-in-silicon-valley https://architizer.com/blog/architectural-drawings-circular-plans/ Energy https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/170106/human-muscle-energy-increases-or-decreases-by-doingwork http://www.altenergy.org/renewables/renewables.html https://www.pwc.co.uk/assets/pdf/100-percent-renewable-electricity.pdf http://www2.nationalg rid.com/UK/Industr y-infor mation/Electricity-system-operator-incentives/ transmission-losses/ http://edition.cnn.com/2013/07/18/tech/innovation/tvilight-street-lamps-roosegarde/ https://energy.gov/science-innovation/energy-sources http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/different-energy-sources.php http://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/non-renewable-energy/ http://nsong.org/Pages/ContentPageLink1.aspx https://www.iea.org/topics/energysecurity/subtopics/whatisenergysecurity/ https://www.slideshare.net/anicholls1234/energy-security-geography http://www.rgs.org/OurWork/Schools/School+Members+Area/Ask+the+experts/Global+energy+security. htm https://carboncounter.wordpress.com/2015/02/15/how-much-electricity-is-lost-in-transmission/ http://www.indicators.odyssee-mure.eu/odex-indicators-database-definition.pdf http://michaelbluejay.com/electricity/refrigerators.html http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/sites/default/files/reports/EST%20Lighting%20Guide%20-%20the%20 Right%20Light.pdf http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/476/1/012011/pdf http://www.mechanicalengineeringblog.com/1598-the-power-of-foot-steps-into-energy-electricity-producedby-the-piezo-electricity-theory-ge-new-piezo-electric-charging/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_generator http://enb.iisd.org/consume/schipper.html https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/161079-kinetic-energy-harvesting-everyday-human-activity-couldpower-the-internet-of-things http://edition.cnn.com/2014/12/30/tech/innovation/tomorrow-transformed-energy-harvesting/ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/energy/3721841/Japan-harnesses-energy-from-footsteps.html http://inhabitat.com/green-a-go-go-at-londons-first-eco-disco/ http://edition.cnn.com/2012/11/27/world/europe/gym-workout-watts-electricity/ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2430771/Worlds-self-powering-gym-uses-energy-WORKOUT-lightsdont-break.html http://worldarchitecture.org/articles-links/cgfmf/carlo_ratti_associati_unveils_design_for_a_humanpowered_ gym_boat.html

Postscripts Model

_____________________________________

Postscripts Sketches/ Drawing

______________________________________________________________

Postscripts Development

__________________________________________________

P

eople walk up to 150 million footsteps in their lifetime. “When we walk through a busy train station imagine, what if we can convert the energy of every single person walking in the station into a meaningful amount of power.� Energy exist in our building, but we are not making use of it, we choose to destruction the natural environment to harvest the energy. Why do not just take up what’s available by changing the way we build our community, through changing the Typology, Morphology and Form itself to react to the flow of the energy.

This design thesis will be concluded by proposing Human Movement powered community, an energy independence community. Energy generated shared in between the community to self-sustain. In the community everything is tailored to maximize the energy producing system that harvest, storage, and sharing.Amsterdam as the bike city of the modern world, they believe in the human energy in their daily life. The human powered Utopia type of community will be located on the Waverveen a farmland within an hour of travel distance by bike from the Amsterdam city Center.