Lee chao qun rising of human mobility thesis publication by chao lee

Rising of Human Power 5A: Tomorrow World's Advanced Architectural Design (AAD) University of Strathclyde 201575145

20 69 Tomorrow World's

Lee Chao Qun

FOREWORD ________ TOWARDS A NEW URBANISM IN HUMAN ENERGY MOBILITY SYSTEM

he twenty century is related to the phenomenon of rapid urbanization. According to last predictions, 4.9 billion people or 60% of population are expected to live in the city by 2030, how about in 2069 or more. The increase of population become the accelerator to decrease of natural resources like fossil fuel, this cause the increase in energy costs. Our personal vehicles are a major consumption of fossil fuel and to cause the global warming especially in the urban area. Furthermore, the dramatic rise in carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels is raising the earth’s temperature. Moreover, the over depended on the convenient of fossil fuel transport mode cause increase of the obesity and others health issues to the urban people. We are living a borderline phase of the history of Mankind, the time has come to re-think the relationship of humankind mobility and energy in urban lifestyle. Re-examining triangle relationship with energy and mobility we can move towards future by innovation in human energy mobility, architecture and urban lifestyles.

This research “The Rising of Human Power” explores the current human power mobility system we have in the European Union today and predict how it’s expected to change in the future city. It delves into the relationship of human power energy, mobility and the city in the end we will need to alter the way we use it. The final areas of research investigate the ways we can proactively change our relationship with urban mobility system by using our own human energy. In the end of this research we will propose a new typology of city shaped by human powered mobility system through learning from the research on the current urban lifestyle issues and current human powered mobility system. By re-introduce and re-connect human energy to the future city mobility system. So that people can have an efficiency and sustainable mobility system at the same time keep them self-healthy. The designing of a new human powered city will be as a model to represent, low energy, self-sustaining mobility mode of future urban lifestyle.

TABLE OF CONTENTS ________

FOREWORD TABLE OF CONTENTS TIMELINES INTRODUCTION URBAN LIFESTYLE ISSUES *TRAFFIC *POLLUTION *HEALTY *ENERGY

CRISIS OF THE WHEEL *ROAD SAFETY *FACILITY

HUMAN POWERED WHEEL *WHEEL *BIKE

CITY ON WHEEL - AMSTERDAM 2069 THE RISING OF HUMAN POWER HUMAN POWERED MOBILITY CITY

BIBLOGRAPHY POSTSCRIPT

INTRODUCTION

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

WHAT

This research was on the based on the current issues of mobility syetem in our urban lifestyles and to predict the future mobility lifestye. in conclution will propose a future city that shaped by the human power mobility system.

WHEN

The research conducted on the urban lifestyle issues happening now in 2016 and to predict the progression of future 2069 city which shaped by human powered mobility system.

WHY

We are living a borderline phase of the history of Mankind, the time has come to re-think the relationship of mankind mobility and energy that shape our currenct city urban lifestyle, and urban form.

WHERE

The reserach will based on the EU and UK environment to predict the future city that shaped by the human powered mobility system.The proposed 2069 future city will be on the outskirts of Amsterdam, which is because amsterdam is political , cultural and social ready for the new human powered transort system.

WHO

Every future urban citizen, bike lover, and sustainable lifestyle practicer will love this research to life in friendly and safe city.

HOW

The issues of the current urban lifestyle problems and current mobility system will be solved by the Re-examining the current city and by Re-designing a new city shaped by human powered mobility system.

INTRODUCTION

____________________________________________________________________________________________________ MIND MAP

URBAN LIFESTYLE ISSUES

CRISIS OF THE WHEEL

HUMAN POWERED WHEEL

*TRAFFIC *POLLUTION *HEALTY *ENERGY

*ROAD SAFETY *FACILITY

*WHEEL *BIKE

Research

CITY ON WHEEL AMSTERDAM

Case Study

2069 THE RISING OF HUMAN POWER HUMAN POWERED MOBILITY CITY Proposal

TIMELINES _________________________________________________________________________

FIRST SPOLED WHEELS

Palaeolithic Era logs were used to move heavy loads by rolling them on top of the logs

Some Egyptians created a wheel with spokes to replace the one that was going on their chariots because it looked more appealing and used less resources.

2000 B.C.

PALAEOLITHIC ERA

15,000 to 750,000 years ago

Wheel - Mobility

IRON RIMS

The Celtics put the first iron-rimmed wheels on their chariots. Increased appeal and durability were the intention.

1000 B.C.

FIRST WHEELS IN THE HISTORY

around 3500 B.C.

No wheels exist in nature. Evidence indicates they were created to serve as potterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wheels around 3500 B.C. in Mesopotamiaâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;300 years before someone figured out to use them for chariots.

Congested traffic in the urban area in 2016 mixed of difference types of vechicle and pedestrian make the urban lifestyle over overwhelming

2016

Motorized Vehiecle City

NEW YORK WORLD FAIR

1939 New York World;s Fair designed by Norman Bel Geddes that represented a possible model of the world 20 years into the future, exhibit installation characterized by its automated highways and vast suburbs.

The Rising of Human Power

In future, the important of the human power will be rised, to fight the global urban issues , and efficiency of using human power are predicted.

2069-Future

2010 Shanghai World Expo

2010

Danishi Pavillion Illustrate the futture urban lifestyle mainly focused on the bicycle .

URBAN LIFESTYLE ISSUES ________ I. TRAFFIC

I I. POLLUTION I I I. HEALTH I V. ENERGY

ities and urban center are known to attract people since time immemorial. Better job opportunities, good educational facilities, better infrastructure and medical facilities etc. In cities are some of the reasons why large number of people are attracted to big cities. In having improved services and amenities, cities definitely offer a better standard of living for its citizens. However, just like there are two sides to a coin, urban lifestyle comes with its own share of problems. Lack of open spaces, pollution, increased cost of living, hectic and stressful lives that urban people lead are some of the negative aspects of urban life. In fact, the uncontrollable of the expansion of cities and lack of the solution for the future planning causes the quality of the urban life decrease. Four urban lifestyles issues were identified in this research , which is traffic congestion, pollution by carbon emission, healthy of the citizen and the energy production and usage.

URBAN LIFESTYLE ISSUES _______________________ CONGESTED TRAFFIC Cities/Population(Million)/Time Wasted(Hours)

Glasgow/0.60/21 Edinburgh/0.45/28

Newcastle/0.28/24

Belfast/0.30/31

York/0.18/27 Manchester/0.43/45 Leeds/0.73/27 Nottingham/0.28/36 Leicester/0.29/21 Birmingham/1.02/32 Cardiff/0.31/19 London/7.07/79 Portsmouth/0.19/25

POPULATION X TRAFFIC CONGESTION __________________________________________________

ising traffic congestion is an inescapable condition in large and growing metropolitan areas across the world, from London to Tokyo, Peak-hour traffic congestion is an inherent result of the way modern societies operate. It stems from the widespread desires of people to pursue certain goals that inevitably overload existing roads and transit systems every day. But everyone hates traffic congestion, and it keeps getting worse, in spite of attempted remedies. Commuters are often frustrated by policymakersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; inability to do anything about the problem, which poses a significant public policy challenge. Traffic congestion is not essentially a problem. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the solution to our basic mobility problem, which is that too many people want to move at the same times each day. Efficient operation of the economy and our school systems requires that people go to work, go to school, and run errands during about the same hours so they can interact with each other. We cannot alter that basic requirement without crippling our economy and society. This problem marks every major metropolitan area in the world. British drivers are spending up to three days a year stuck in gridlock, new research reveals today. The UK ranks 5th in Europe for time wasted in traffic jams. But one silver lining form the economic downturn is that jams have actually eased over the last year as cash-strapped motorists hit with rising fuel prices have cut their driving. The most obvious reason is population growth. More people mean more vehicles.

Source: wwf.panda.org/

CITIES X TRAFFIC __________________________________________________

uropean cities increasingly face problems caused by transport and traffic. The question of how to enhance mobility while at the same time reducing congestion, accidents and pollution is a common challenge to all major cities in Europe. Congestion in the EU is often located in and around urban areas and costs nearly EUR 100 billion, or 1 % of the EUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s GDP, annually. Cities themselves are usually in the best position to find the right responses to these challenges, taking their specific circumstances into account. Efficient and effective urban transport can significantly contribute to achieving objectives in a wide range of policy domains for which the EU has an established competence. The success of policies and policy objectives that have been agreed at EU level, for example on the efficiency of the EU transport system, socio-economic objectives, energy dependency, or climate change, partly depends on actions taken by national, regional and local authorities. Mobility in urban areas is also an important facilitator for growth and employment and for sustainable development in the EU areas.The growth of economies in countries such as the UK and Germany, along with the rise in urban populations have resulted in an increase in the demand for road travel, significantly driving levels of congestion up across the country. We are now at the tipping point of transport authorities embracing new typology to enable them to have more accurate solutions will significant impact on congestion in the longer-term and we need to keep this momentum going today if we are to avoid the grid-locks of tomorrow.

10 MOST CONGESTED CITIES IN EUPOPE _________________________________________________________________________ Cities/Population(Million)/Time Wasted(Hours)

London/7.07/79

Brussels/1.14/74 Antwerp/0.50/64 Ghent/0.25/52

Milan/1.25/57

Cologne/1.02/65 Stuttgart/0.60/64 Karlsruhe/0.3/63 Dusseldorf/0.59/53

Utrech/0.31/53

URBAN LIFESTYLE ISSUES _______________________ POLLUTION CARBON EMISSION Cities/Carbon Emission per Capita(t)/Time

Glasgow/6.0/21 Edinburgh/6.5/28

Newcastle/5.8/24

Belfast/6.1/31 York/5.6/27 Manchester/6.1/45 Leeds/6.7/27 Nottingham/5.9/36 Leicester/5.8/21 Birmingham/5.6/32 Cardiff/6.4/19 London/5.4/79 Portsmouth/5.1/25

CITIES X POLLUTION ________________________________________ CARBON EMISSION

here are both natural and human sources of carbon dioxide emissions. Natural sources include decomposition, ocean release and respiration. Human sources come from activities like cement production, deforestation as well as the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas. Due to human activities, the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has been rising extensively since the Industrial Revolution and has now reached dangerous levels not seen in the last 3 million years. Human sources of carbon dioxide emissions are much smaller than natural emissions but they have upset the natural balance that existed for many thousands of years before the influence of humans. This is because natural sinks remove around the same quantity of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than are produced by natural sources. This had kept carbon dioxide levels balanced and in a safe range. But human sources of emissions have upset the natural balance by adding extra carbon dioxide to the atmosphere without removing any. Accounting for over 80 per cent of total greenhouse gas emissions, CO2 emissions are one way to gauge how â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;greenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; a city is and the size of its carbon footprint. Most cities saw a rise in carbon emissions per capita between 2011 and 2012, this is reflected in the UK national average which rose from 6.8 to 7.1 tonnes per capita in the year to 2012. Whilst large cities are significant emitters of CO2, they are very efficient when emissions are considered on a per capita basis. According to official statistics, there has been a reduction in domestic greenhouse gas emissions in the United Kingdom. These emissions are caused primarily by primary energy consumption. If indirect emissions are accounted for, however, research suggests that UK emissions may have increased since 1990, due largely to manufacture of short-term consumer items overseas.Carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases continue to drive global warming and ocean acidification. Under the Kyoto protocol the UK Government committed to reducing the levels of CO2 and five other greenhouse gases by 12.5% below 1990 levels by 2008 to 2012. These commitments have been surpassed and new targets set.

TYPES OF TRANSPORT X CARBON EMISSION ________________________________________ The amount of CO2 emission required to fuel difference modes of transport [Per Passenger Kilometres]

1 =16g of fuel

FUEL TYPES: CYCLIST

Based on average occupancy rate of 1.16 for Cars, 10 for Buses, 1 for Bicycles. Includes all CO2 emission linked to fuel including production,distribution and consumption.

CAR

BUS

CARBON EMISSION X SOURCE __________________________________________________

ost of us travel every day, even if only locally. The way we travel is damaging our cities and harming the environment. In the UK, emissions of CO2 from road transport are the fastest growing contributor to climate change. The transport sector accounts for more than a quarter of the man-made greenhouse gas emissions in the UK. According to the Department for Transport, private road vehicles are the biggest polluter, responsible for more than half of the total CO2 emissions for the transport sector. Replacing car travel with cycling, walking or public transport has many benefits: less congestion, better air quality, and less carbon emissions. Walking and cycling instead of using the car can also lead to fitter and healthier people. Commuting trip length is strongly associated with the mode of transport chosen and the type of infrastructure used.

U.K. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION BY SOURCE SECTOR

Energy Supply 32%

Shipping 7%

Residential 13%

Transport 20%

Business 14%

Agriculture 8%

Others 6%

URBAN LIFESTYLE ISSUES _______________________ HEALTH PROBELMS

THIS ONE RUNS ON FAT AND SAVE YOUR MONEY

THIS ONE RUNS ON YOUR MONEY AND MAKES YOU

1 Little Fuel, £1.20

10KM

300 Calories, £0.00

10KM

CITIES X HEALTH ________________________________________ Obesity is on the rise in urban areas

rbanization is one of the leading global trends of the 21st century that has a significant impact on health. By 2050, over 70% of the world’s population will live in cities. The factors influencing urban health include urban governance; population characteristics; the natural and built environment; social and economic development; services and health emergency management; and food security. While cities can bring opportunities, they can also bring challenges for better health. Today’s cities and those of tomorrow are facing a triple threat: infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS, TB, pneumonia, diarrhoeal diseases; noncommunicable diseases like asthma, heart disease, cancer and diabetes; and violence and injuries, including road traffic injuries. Mass urbanisation, reduced activity and poor diets are accelerating the rise of obesity. Levels of obesity in most cities are growing fast and the associated healthcare burden will soon account for 5% of global GDP. Experts have predicted that by the year 2020 one third of the United Kingdom population could be obese.Rising levels of obesity are a major challenge to public health.There are expected to be 11 million more obese adults in the UK by 2030, accruing up to 668,000 additional cases of diabetes mellitus, 461,000 cases of heart disease and stroke, 130,000 cases of cancer, with associated medical costs set to increase by £1.9–2.0B per year by 2030.Adult obesity rates have almost quadrupled in the last 25 years. Overall 64% of adults in the UK are overweight or obese, with a Body Mass Index of 25 or over. Around 8% of deaths are attributed to obesity related illness in the UK. The cost to the economy is estimated in 2007 as being £15.8 billion per year, including £4.2 billion a year in costs to the National Health Service (NHS).

OVERWEIGHT ALDULTS AGED 16+ YEARS ________________________________________

OBESITY IN 2012 (U.K.) ________________________________________ 5 OUT OF 10 WOMEN

6 OUT OF 10 MEN

FORECASTS FOR OBESITY IN 2020 (U.K.) ________________________________________ 7 OUT OF 10 WOMEN

8 OUT OF 10 MEN

SOURCE : National Obesity Observatory

URBAN LIFESTYLE ISSUES _______________________ ENERGY CONSUMPTION

SHARE OF TOTAL EU ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Industrial Processes 21%

Industrial Buildings 7%

Agriculture 2%

Transport 33%

Buildings(Domestic & Tertiary) 37%

Source:www.glassforeurope.com

CITIES X ENERGY ________________________________________

oday Europe faces a triple challenge in the field of energy policy as it seeks to ensure the security of its energy supply, adress climate change and deal with fluctuating energy costs. The most secure energy is saved energy, and reducing energy consumption can provide effective and low cost solutions to many of Europe’s energy and climate challenges by:

-Cutting the CO2 emissions caused by energy generation. -Reducing Europe’s dependence on energy imports, which are set to rise to 70% of EU energy consumption by 2020. -Avoiding negative economic impacts caused by steadily rising energy prices. If Europe meets its targets of a 20% reduction in energy consumption by 2020, this would amount to an annual reduction of some 780 million tonnes of CO2 emissions. Beyond this horizon, the European Commission committed in the road map towards a Low Carbon Economy to reducing energy consumption in buildings by 88% to 91% by 2050. This would require a tripling of Europe’s building deep renovation rate therefore a much more ambitious apporach will have to be at the heart of Europe’s efforts to save energy if these targets are to be achieved. 44% of all energy consumed in the EU is used in buildings, domestic, tertiary or industrial buildings. Making new and existing buildings as energy efficient as possible can therefore make a significant contribution to reducing CO2 emissions while conserving valuable energy resources. Most buildings we occupy today were constructed at a time when energy efficiency was not such a major concern and as a result, a huge amount of energy is used for heating, cooling and lighting. Given that existing buildings are replaced at a rate of about 1% per annum, a greater emphasis on the existing building stock is essential for Europe’s policy to produce permanent CO2 emission reductions.

TRANSPORT 33%

BUILDING 44% (DOMESTIC & INDUSTRIAL)

77% OF TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN EU WAS ON TRANSPORT AND BUILDING

ENERGY PRODUCTION PER CAPITA BY FUEL TYPE ______________________________________________

he share of electricity generated by different energy sources has changed significantly in Europe over the last two decades.In this map, we look at each country and how much electricity is consumed per capita for each fuel type. The major story here is the decline in consumption of fossil fuels. More specifically, the combined share of petroleum products and solid fuels has fallen from 65.1% of total consumption in 1990 to 50.6% by 2013. Renewables have steadily increased in consumption since the mid-2000s, and as a result the amount of electricity driven by renewables was 2.8x higher in 2013 than it was in 1990 . The energy source that has seen the least fluctuations in usage is nuclear energy. Producing a peak of 14.5% of electricity in 2002, nuclear energy usage has recently dropped back to 13.6% in 2013. Consumption of gas is also an interesting story. Natural gas has been used more prominently in recent years as it became regarded as more environmentally friendly than other fossil alternatives. However, as Europe has tried to reduce dependence on Russian gas, consumption has started to wane since 2010. he depending on fossil fuel to produce energy in EU reduced in the recent years , with the EU policies of increase the use of reneveable energy and to reduce the carbon emission produce during pruduction of energy. So what is the mission of future , the efficiency of management of the energy in the develop of the city.

United Kingdom

Ireland

Denmark

Netherland Germany Belgium

France Italy Portugal

Spain

Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gasses Nuclear Renewables

Sweden

Finland

Estonia

Poland

Czech Republic Romania

Bulgaria

Greece

Source: www.mining.com

CRISIS ON THE WHEEL ________________________ I. ROAD SAFETY I I. FACILITY

here are a number of reasons why people chose modes other than a bicycle for journeys. However, the main barrier to cycling is the perception that our roads are too dangerous and uncomfortable, largely due to high volumes and high speeds of motor traffic. This is the so-called â&#x20AC;&#x153;subjective safetyâ&#x20AC;? problem. While some people try to address this problem by explaining that the absolute risk of injury and death while cycling is very low, this approach somewhat misses the point. Safety is a problem of danger while subjective safety is a problem of fear: the causes and solutions to the two problems are not necessarily exactly aligned. A roller coaster ride, for example, shows that fear is not exactly the result of danger.The bicycle is a tremendously efficient means of transportation. In fact cycling is more efficient than any other method of travel--including walking! The one billion bicycles in the world are a testament to its effectiveness. The engine for this efficient mode of transport is the human body. Because bodies are fueled by food, diet plays an important role in how the body performs. Different muscle groups and types provide the power. Genetic inheritance, intensive training, and a competitive drive help top athletes push the boundaries of endurance and speed on the bicycle.Two major reasons and issues of cycling in current city were indentified during this research, which is road safety of cyclist and the facility infrastructure to support the activity.

CRISIS ON THE WHEEL ___________________________________

BIKE X ROAD SAFETY

n 2014 21,287 cyclists were injured in reported road accidents, including 3,514 who are killed or seriously injured. These figures only include cyclists killed or injured in road accidents that were reported to the police. Many cyclist casualties are not reported to the police, even when the cyclist is inured badly enough to be taken to hospital. The figures also exclude cycling accidents that occur away from the road. Although the number of deaths is accurate, there could be two or three times as many seriously injured cyclists and double the number of slightly injured. Cyclist casualties have risen in recent years as the amount of cycling has increased. The majority of cyclist casualties are adults, with approximately 11% being children. Cycling accidents increase as children grow older, with 10 to 15 year old riders being more at risk than other age groups, including adults until about the age of 60 years. To some extent, this reflects increased cycling as children grow older followed by a switch to motorised transport from the late teens onwards. It also co-incides with the age when children attend Secondary school and may start to indicate riskier behaviour. Males are far more likely to be involved in cycling accidents than females. In 2014 65% of child cycling injuries involved a male child and for all male casualties this rose to 81%. Most cycling accidents happen in urban areas where most cycling takes place. Almost two thirds of cyclists killed or seriously injured were involved in collisions at, or near, a road junction, with T-junctions being the most commonly involved. Roundabouts are particularly dangerous junctions for cyclists. Not surprisingly, the severity of injuries suffered by cyclists increases with the speed limit, meaning that riders are more likely to suffer serious or fatal injuries on higher speed roads. Almost half of cyclist deaths occur on rural roads. Around 80% of cycling accidents occur in daylight - which is when most cycling takes place. For child cyclists, 90% of their accidents occur during the day. The most dangerous hours for cyclists are 3.00 to 6.00 p.m. and 8.00 to 9.00 a.m. on weekdays. However, cycling accidents in the dark are more likely to be fatal. More cycle accidents occur during the Spring and Summer months (May to September) than the Autumn and Winter months (October to April). However, the casualty rate in terms of miles travelled is higher over the Autumn and Winter period.

Source:www.rospa.com

CYCLIST CASUALTIES U.K. 2014

Killed, 113 peoples Seriously Injured, 3401 peoples Slightly Injured, 17,773 peoples Totals of 21,287 Cyclist Casualties in 2014

1/2 OF CYCLIST FATALITIES ACCUR ON RURAL ROADS

75 % SERIOUS CYCLIST ACCIDENTS ACCUR IN URBAN

80 % ACCUR DURING DAYTIME

75 % HAPPENED AT JUNCTION

COMMON CYCLING ACCIDENTS _______________________

OPEN CAR DOORS

NOT BEING SEEN

DRIVER FAILING TO YIELD

COMMON CYCLING ACCIDENTS _______________________ A FIFTH OF THE CYCLISTS KILLED AND INJURED ARE CHILDEREN

Source:https://cdn.shopify.com

CYCLIST INJURED PATTERNS _____________________________________________________________________

Limb injuries are common in cyclist casualties, with over 40% suffering arm injuries and around 25% suffering leg injuries.

Chest and abdomen injuries occur much less frequently (5%), but are often serious. When they do occur they are often accompanied by head injuries.

Head injuries, ranging from fatal skull fractures and brain damage to minor

concussion and cuts, are very common injuries to cyclists. Hospital data shows that over 40% of cyclists, and 45% of child cyclists, suffer head injuries. A study of 116 fatal cyclist accidents in London and rural areas found over 70% of the cyclist fatalities in London had moderate or serious head injuries in London, and over 80% of those killed in collisions on rural roads.

iking is great way to get in shape ,save money on transportation,or just enjoy the great outdoors. Unfortunately,every year thousands of people are injured and hundreds of people are killed while riding bicycle.so how can the architect do in to reduce the cyclists safety to create a cycling utopia in the future?

How can the architect do in to increase the cyclists safety to create a cycling utopia in the future?

CRISIS ON THE WHEEL _______________________

PEDESTRIAN X ROAD SAFETY

alking is the most natural form of mobility; however cities have not always evolved to accommodate the needs of pedestrians and walking has in many cases been neglected in the development of transport systems. Improving the pedestrian environment can contribute significantly to meeting the challenges of climate change, air pollution and health. Pedestrians are one the of the vulnerable user groups, along with motorcyclists, horse riders and pedal cyclist. These groups are not protected by a vehicle body in the same way car users and tend to be harder for other drivers to see on the road. They, therefore, are particularly vulnerable to injuries and accidents.

Source:www.rospa.com

PEDESTRIAN KILLED OR SERIUOSLY INJURED BY ROAD TYPE, U.K. 2013 _______________________________________

he majority of pedestrian KSIs occur on urban roads. In 2013, of the 5,396 killed or seriously injured pedestrians, 83 per cent occurred on urban roads. Pedestrians alsoaccount for the majority of casualties among all road user types. This is due to greater population densities in urban areas and the average distance walked by residents in urban areas in comparison with rural areas. Urban areas have more pedestrians crossing busier roads which leads to a greater number of interactions between vehicles and pedestrians, increasing the risk of accidents.

AVERAGE PER DAY, U.K. 2013 _______________________________________ AN AVERAGE OF 1 DEATH AND 14 SERIUOSLY INJURED PEDESTRIAN PER DAY

= 1 DEATH

= 1 SERIOUS INJURED

Which types of vehicles are involved?

____________________________________________________________________ Proportion of traffic in Great Britain for each of the main road user types and the proportion of pedestrian casualties of all severities in which those vehicles are involved, U.K. : 2009 to 2013

% OF PENDESTRIAN INVOLVED DEATHS

SERIOUS INJURIES

SLIGHT INJURIES

CASUALTIES

Why do pedestrians get hit by cars?

____________________________________________________________________ The biggest threat to pedestrian safety is visibility: accidents are most likely to happen during winter, nighttime, and rainy or snowy weather, all of which can make it difficult for drivers to see. Accidents do occur more frequently in certain places, however, and municipalities and businesses are aware of the problem. They install infrastructure to improve pedestrian safety, including light-controlled crosswalks, bollards, speed reader boards, and other traffic barriers.

INTERSECTIONS Some of the most common places where accidents occur are at intersections. Cars are speeding up or slowing down to make lights, and gauging other vehicles’ speeds to make left or right turns. Sometimes pedestrians can get caught up in the mix.

ARTERIAL ROADS Arterial roads are major streets that connect low to medium traffic areas, such as residential neighborhoods, to high traffic routes, such as highways. They tend to have large volumes of vehicles traveling at high speeds, long distances between cross streets, and sidewalks. In addition, public transit routes often travel along these arterial corridors, creating potentially unexpected vehicle patterns .

PARKINGS LOTS Not all pedestrian safety measures have to be as expensive or attentiongrabbing as traffic lights and flashing red hands. Though parking lots aren’t highspeed zones, they are full of pedestrians and vehicles making erratic, unpredictable movements. Because of this architects install infrastructure designed to keep pedestrians and property from getting hit by errant vehicles and runaway shopping carts.

â&#x20AC;&#x153; FOR A CITY DESIGN FOR PEOPLE, MOTORIZED VEHICLE LIKE CAR AND TRUCKS IS A MEMBER OF OVER POWERFUL FOR THE HUMANIZE CITY. â&#x20AC;?

alking has great potential to contribute to high-level government agendas for more sustainable development and should therefore take a central position in urban transport policies. Ensuring that walking is an attractive alternative and complement to motorised transport is a core response to the challenges of climate change, fossil fuel dependence, and pollution. Being a pedestrian comes with risks, but many of us spend very little time worrying about being hit by a car when we leave our houses. Part of the reason we can do that is because engineers, urban planners, and architects have created and installed infrastructure of varying subtlety to keep us safe. A good urban planning needs to encourage a safety guman movement and physical activity.

CRISIS ON THE WHEEL _______________________

BIKE X FACILITY

or all the talk of a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;cycling revolutionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, commuter cycling has remained static at 2.8% across England and Wales over the past decade. Outside certain pockets - inner London has seen an 144% percent rise - cycling is very much a marginal form of transport. Cycling infrastructure refers to all infrastructure which may be used by cyclists. This includes the same network of roads and streets used by motorists, plus additional bikeways that are not available to motor vehicles, such as bike paths, bike lanes, cycle tracks and, where permitted, sidewalks, plus amenities like bike racks for parking and specialized traffic signs and signals. The manner in which the public road network is designed, built and managed can have a significant effect on the utility and safety of cycling. The cycling network may be able to provide the users with direct, convenient routes minimizing unnecessary delay and effort in reaching their destinations. Settlements with a dense road network of interconnected streets tend to be viable utility cycling environments. but there are few thing that put people off cycling.

LACK OF DEDICATED BIKE FACILITIES _______________________

PEOPER DEDICATED CYCLE LANE

Cycle lanes are types of bikeways with lanes on the roadway for cyclists only. In the United Kingdom, an on-road cycle-lane can be restricted . Cyclists often prefer to avoid heavy automobile traffic, but in most U.K. city areas to use a bicycle for transportation one often needs to travel on highly used roads. Cycling for transportation is usually most practical in urban areas because destinations are relatively close together and bicycle travel is often as fast or faster than auto travel because of traffic congestion. Major arterials are preferable routes for urban bicycle travel because they are direct, easy to follow, and have priority at intersections. In some communities arterials may be the only through routes between neighborhoods.

SHOWER

A nice warm shower at the end of a long cycle commute is one of lifeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s little pleasures. Off comes the cycling gear, away goes the sweat and out emerges the presentable human being who is ready for a dayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work. That clean feeling provides the perfect start to the day.The lacking of shower facilities to refreshing the cyclist after the long distance travel cause lots of people step back from cycling.

MAINTENANCE HUB

Keep cyclists rolling in your community by offering them the tools they most need when bikes need tuning, public bike repair stands and pumps. They contain secured bike tools and a pump, as well as a stand to support the bike for easy repairs. All repairs you make to your bike are at your own risk. It is hard for us to predict when your bike will breakdown, like our cars will breakdown without notice due to the abrasion of parts or road condition, for bike it is quite easy to repair with little of knowledge about the mechanism.

SAVE STORAGE

Bicycle parking typically requires a degree of security to prevent theft. The context for bike parking requires proper infrastructure and equipment like good quality bike racks, bicycle locks for secure and convenient storage. Parking facilities include lockers, racks, manned or unmanned bicycle parking stations including automated facilities,covered areas, and legal arrangements for ad hoc parking alongside railings and other street furniture.

SIGNAGE

Another widespread problem is traffic signals that are not designed with bicyclists in mind. First, many traffic signals are actuated by buried loop detectors, and many of these are not sensitive to bicycles, even though bicycle-sensitive designs are available. This deficiency results in situations where cyclists must endanger themselves by disobeying traffic signals that will never change. The failure of signals to detect cyclists also contributes to the lack of respect for traffic signals. Second, some traffic signals do not provide enough green time for bicyclists to clear a multilane intersection, occasionally placing them in the middle of an intersection when the light changes. Third, almost all the traffic signage are not design for the view of the cyclist, when the cyclist cant receive the info clearly from the signage this will endanger the cyclist and others road users.

MAINTENANCE HUB SHOWER

THIS IS NO AN ART INSTALLATION

DEDICATED BIKE LANE BIKE STORAGE

BIKE THIEF _______________________

ver had your bike stolen? The chances are, if you haven’t had a bike stolen yourself, you’ll know someone that has. According to crime data, 376,000 bicycles are stolen every year in the UK. This works out at about one bike stolen every 90 seconds.London, Edinburgh and Oxford are the most targeted cities in the UK for bike theft. This is not too surprising, seeing as all three are densely populated areas for cycling. Nevertheless, it’s worth mentioning that within these cities, there are massively differing rates of thefts in different postcodes. Intriguingly, the SE1 postcode has had over twice as many thefts as SE16 nearby.

TOP 10 MOST TARGETED CITIES 2)Edinburgh

1)London 3)Oxford

4)Bristol 5)Liverpool 6)Manchester 7)Cambridge 8)Cardiff 9)Bournemouth 10)Reading

TOP 10 MOST TARGETED STOLEN BIKE

1)Specialized Sirrus

2)Specialized Allez 3)Carrera Subway 4)Ridgeback Velocity 5)Specialized Rockhopper 6)Brompton M3L 7)Specialized Hardrock 8)Specialized Langster 9)Specialized Crosstrail 10)Specialized Vita

hen it comes to the top ten most stolen bikes, it’s a huge shock to see Specialized taking the top two spots, and impressively, seven of the top ten. This is be due to the vast popularity of the Specialized brand over the years and the fact that there are most probably more of them out and about than other brands. The top of the most stolen bike in the UK goes to the Specialized Sirrus. Again, that’s down to the sheer volume of these affordable bikes that are out there.

Source: www.cycleplan.co.uk

HUMAN POWERED ENERGY _______________________ I. WHEEL I I. BIKE

uman kinetic energy can be transfered in a number of ways. Human energy is most commonly used to propel bicycles, but can also be used to generate electricity and power hand-crank tools. Some third world organizations are implementing human powered technologies to generate electricity to power computers and other appliances. human kinetic energy have many uses but most of the time it wasted. Human-powered transport is the transport of persons or goods using human muscle power. Like animal-powered transport, human-powered transport has existed since time immemorial in the form of walking, running and swimming. Modern technology has allowed machines to enhance human-power. Although motorization has increased speed and load capacity, many forms of human-powered transport remain popular for reasons of lower cost, leisure, physical exercise and environmentalism. Humanpowered transport is sometimes the only type available, especially in underdeveloped or inaccessible regions.

ouch potatoes will be horrified, but fresh advances in human-powered technology where users power appliances through their own motion could one day see a ‘workout-to-watch’ scenario become reality. Human power will rapidly gaining in popularity worldwide as businesses seek ‘greener’ methods of operating. The profile of the technology is set to receive a further boost this month when a humanpowered gym opens in Portland, Oregon, and again the human-powered ‘sustainable dance club’, Club Watt, opens its doors in Rotterdam, Netherlands. Human power is already being used to run the ‘California Fitness’ gym in Hong Kong, and to power the recently opened ‘Club Surya’ in London. Beyond all of this, further concepts have been developed for human-powered ‘river gyms’ for the waterways of New York.

CAN YOU PREDICT WHAT THE FUTURE OF 2069 WILL BE LIKE ?

KINETIC ENARGY

____________________________________________________________________

n physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity. Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes. The same amount of work is done by the body in decelerating from its current speed to a state of rest. Energy occurs in many forms, including chemical energy, thermal energy, electromagnetic radiation, gravitational energy, electric energy, elastic energy, nuclear energy, and rest energy. These can be categorized in two main classes: potential energy and kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the movement energy of an object. Kinetic energy can be transferred between objects and transformed into other kinds of energy. Kinetic energy may be best understood by examples that demonstrate how it is transformed to and from other forms of energy. For example, a cyclist uses chemical energy provided by food to accelerate a bicycle to a chosen speed. On a level surface, this speed can be maintained without further work, except to overcome air resistance and friction. The chemical energy has been converted into kinetic energy, the energy of motion, but the process is not completely efficient and produces heat within the cyclist. The kinetic energy in the moving cyclist and the bicycle can be converted to other forms. For example, the cyclist could encounter a hill just high enough to coast up, so that the bicycle comes to a complete halt at the top. The kinetic energy has now largely been converted to gravitational potential energy that can be released by freewheeling down the other side of the hill. Since the bicycle lost some of its energy to friction, it never regains all of its speed without additional pedaling. The energy is not destroyed; it has only been converted to another form by friction. Alternatively the cyclist could connect a dynamo to one of the wheels and generate some electrical energy on the descent. The bicycle would be traveling slower at the bottom of the hill than without the generator because some of the energy has been diverted into electrical energy. Another possibility would be for the cyclist to apply the brakes, in which case the kinetic energy would be dissipated through friction as heat.

HUMAN POWERED ENERGY _____________________________________

WHEEL

uman-powered vehicles, Human-powered land vehicles are land vehicles propelled over ground by human power. The main ways to support the weight of a human-powered land vehicle and its contents above the ground are rolling contact; sliding contact; intermittent contact; no contact at all as with anything carried; or some combination of the above. The main methods of using human power to propel a land vehicle are some kind of drivetrain; pushing laterally against the ground with a wheel, skate, or ski that simultaneously moves forward; by pushing against the ground directly with an appendage opposite to the direction of travel; or by propeller. Humanpowered land vehicles can be propelled by persons riding in the vehicle or by persons walking or running and not supported by the vehicle. Many human-powered land vehicles can also be gravity-powered land vehicles, and vice versa, although some of the latter are quite awkward to use as the former.

TYPES OF HUMAN POWERED VEHIECLE WITH WHEEL ____________________________________________________________________

SKATEBOARD

skateboard is a type of sports equipment used primarily for the activity of skateboarding. It usually consists of a specially designed maplewood board combined with a polyurethane coating used for making smoother slides and stronger durability. Most skateboards are made with 7 plies of this wood. A skateboard is moved by pushing with one foot while the other remains on the board, or by pumping one’s legs in structures such as a bowl or half pipe. A skateboard can also be used by simply standing on the deck while on a downward slope and allowing gravity to propel the board and rider. If the rider positions their right foot forward, he/she is said to ride “goofy;” if the rider positions their left foot forward, he/she is said to ride “regular.” If the rider is normally regular but chooses to ride goofy, he/she is said to be riding in “switch,” and vice versa. A skater is typically more comfortable pushing with their back foot; choosing to push with the front foot is commonly referred to as riding “mongo”, and has negative connotations of style and effectiveness in the skateboarding community.

EASE OF USE SPEED EFFICIENCY

Source: http://teenage.com.sg/

TYPES OF HUMAN POWERED VEHIECLE WITH WHEEL _______________________ VELOMOBILE

velomobile, or bicycle car, is a human-powered vehicle (HPV) enclosed for aerodynamic advantage and protection from weather and collisions. They are derived from recumbent bicycles and tricycles, with the addition of aaerodynamic shell. Pedal powered faired vehicles with two wheels, intended primarily for racing, are usually called streamliners. Streamliners have set many speed and distance records. There are few velomobile manufacturers; some are home-built. Some models have the operatorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s head exposed; this has the advantage of giving the operator unobstructed vision, hearing, and some cooling, with the disadvantage of being more exposed to weather and less aerodynamic. Hybrid vehicles exist which can use both human power and assistance by an electric motor. Small three- and four-wheeled motor vehicles are called microcars. Recently, electric skateboards have also appeared. These no longer require the propelling of the skateboard by means of the feet; rather an electric motor propels the board, fed by an electric battery.

EASE OF USE SPEED EFFICIENCY SEAT STEERING BREAK LIGHTS WIND TUNNEL SHELL

DAY/NIGHT LIGHT ENCLOSED CHAIN

TYPES OF HUMAN POWERED VEHIECLE WITH WHEEL _______________________ VELOTAXI

he velotaxi is a small-scale local means of transport; it is also known by a variety of other names such as bike taxi, pedicab, bikecab, cyclo, beca, becak, trisikad, or trishaw. As opposed to rickshaws pulled by a person on foot, cycle rickshaws are human-powered by pedaling. Another type of rickshaw is the auto rickshaw. They are a type of tricycle designed to carry passengers on a for hire basis. Velotaxi are widely used in major cities around the world, but most commonly in cities of South, Southeast and East Asia. Newly designed pedicab with a 500-watt electric assist motor to help traver faster and further.

EASE OF USE SPEED EFFICIENCY

TYPES OF HUMAN POWERED VEHIECLE WITH WHEEL _______________________ CYCLETRUCK

reight bicycles, carrier cycles, freight tricycles, cargo bikes, box bikes, or cycletrucks are human powered vehicles designed and constructed specifically for transporting loads. Vehicle designs include a cargo area consisting of an open or enclosed box, a flat platform, or a wire basket, usually mounted over one or both wheels, low behind the front wheel, or between parallel wheels at either the front or rear of the vehicle. The frame and drivetrain must be constructed to handle loads larger than those on an ordinary bicycle.

EASE OF USE SPEED EFFICIENCY

TYPES OF HUMAN POWERED VEHIECLE WITH WHEEL _______________________ BICYCLE

EASE OF USE SPEED EFFICIENCY

TYPES OF HUMAN POWERED VEHIECLE WITH WHEEL _______________________ ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF VARIOUS FORMS MOBILITY Transport Mode Megajoules Per Passenger Kilometres Travelled

1=0.1 MJ

TYPES OF HUMAN POWERED VEHIECLE WITH WHEEL _______________________ HUMAN POWERED WHEEL AND ELECTRIC ASSIST WHEEL MOBILITY MODES

ROLLER SKATES

WHEELER HOVERBOARD

GYRO SCOOTER

KICK SCOOTER

STEPPER SCOOTER

AIR WHEEL

t takes less energy to bicycle one mile than it takes to walk a mile. In fact, a bicycle can be up to 5 times more efficient than walking. If we compare the amount of calories burned in bicycling to the number of calories an automobile burns, the difference is astounding. One hundred calories can power a cyclist for three miles, but it would only power a car. The basic shape and configuration of a typical upright or “safety bicycle”, has changed little since the first chain-driven model was developed around 1885. But many details have been improved, especially since the advent of modern materials and computer-aided design. These have allowed for a proliferation of specialized designs for many types of cycling.

HUMAN POWERED ENERGY ________________________________________

BIKE

bicycle, often called a bike or cycle, is a human-powered, pedal-driven, singletrack vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A bicycle rider is called a cyclist, or bicyclist. Bicycles were introduced in the 19th century in Europe and as of 2003, more than 1 billion have been produced worldwide, twice as many as the number of automobiles that have been produced. They are the principal means of transportation in many regions. They also provide a popular form of recreation, and have been adapted for use as children’s toys, general fitness, military and police applications, courier services, and bicycle racing. The basic shape and configuration of a typical upright or “safety bicycle”, has changed little since the first chain-driven model was developed around 1885. But many details have been improved, especially since the advent of modern materials and computeraided design. These have allowed for a proliferation of specialized designs for many types of cycling. The bicycle’s invention has had an enormous effect on society, both in terms of culture and of advancing modern industrial methods. Several components that eventually played a key role in the development of the automobile were initially invented for use in the bicycle, including ball bearings, pneumatic tires, chain-driven sprockets, and tension-spoked wheels.

BIKE _______________________

EVOLUTION - FUTURE BIKE

t is indeed very interesting to see how this wonderful technology has evolved. To the point where today for a very small amount of money most of the world’s population can have a machine which permits us to get about in a hugely efficient manner.

In 2069 what is most interesting about cycling in cities is not only the technology . . . but the way in which it is used.

Since the invention of the chain driven ‘safety bicycle’ in the 1880s, the fundamental design of bikes hasn’t changed very much. Yes, the derailleur, which came along 20 years later, helped make cycling suitable for all terrains. And yes, the advent of carbon fibre has given birth to a new generation of super-light and dashingly-quick bikes. But put a Victorian Swift bike next to the set of wheels in your garage and the similarity should be plain. only the technology . . . but the way in which it is used. However, that might be about to change, if a new bike concept is to be trusted. Imagine, Out go the traditional thin poles of a bike frame in favour of a sleek, boxy body that is reminiscent of a motorbike – a design theme reiterated by the aero visor on top of the handlebars. In comes a small arsenal of electronic gadgets, from a lithium battery that powers a motorised rear flywheel, to an intelligent cradle for a smartphone on the handlebar stem.

“The idea would be that your smartphone runs the whole bike” The possibilities of the future bike never stop at this, it can be innovation in material, construction, new technology and also new way to using it.

EVOLUTION OF FUTURE BIKE _______________________

MATERIALS - 3D PRINTED

hree-dimensional printing sprang into the public consciousness about six years ago, when photos of crudely-formed plastic shapes began emerging all over the internet. ‘This is the future of manufacturing’, proclaimed the headlines. At first these proclamations were mostly met with a raised eyebrow. And justifiably so. But as additive layering manufacturing, to give it its proper name, has developed, the equipment required to ‘3D print’ objects has increased in accuracy and precision, and dropped dramatically in price. Now, we’re starting to see the technology reach commercial viability in a whole range of fields, so could this also be the future of custom bike production? 3D printing, in very simple terms, involves designing an object with a computer programme and digitally splitting that design into extremely thin layers. The design is then interpreted by a 3D printing machine and built up, one wafer-thin layer at a time. The process is done with easily-melted materials like plastics, or titanium. Inevitably the technology has been applied to bicycle production, just as it was to toilet roll-holders, cars and even firearms. Charge Bikes, based out of Frome in Somerset, were approached by the engineering team at Airbus, who wanted to find a way of demonstrating the commercial viability of 3D printing by manufacturing something that could be used in everyday life. Something far removed from the arcane mysteries of aviation. Something like a bicycle. The 3D printing technology give use the convinient to design, create, and produce on from our home , in the future we might be able to print out own transport which suit out needs in function and aesthetic styles.

Lune Nylon Printed Hexagon Bicycle A 3D printed bicycle design, Luna, from Omer Sagiv would certainly be a striking image posed in this trend. The product consists of sturdy nylon material and the hexagon filled frame calls to mind a honeycomb. components simply printed for the Luna and it can be adjusted and customized as needed. 3D printed features include a nylon frame, fork, and a bar or stem. With a hexagon structure, Omer aimed to create a durable frame with minimal surface area in order to maintain lightness. Part of the inspiration behind the design was to showcase SLS technology as a viable option for load-bearing structures that simultaneously promote lightness. The result is a sweet ride. components that need to be purchased, the core structure is purely a product of 3D printing. Off the shelf items are front fork bearing and suspension, bearing crankshaft and wheels. With the majority of the structure available from 3D printing, the cost for the bicycle drops dramatically and can be adjusted to fit the needs and specifications of the cyclist. No word yet if it qualifies for the Tour de France, but it looks ready for a spin.

The Arc Bicycle The Arc Bicycle was designed by a student team at TU Delft and 3D-printed from steel by MX3D – the research studio that plans to use the same technique to create a bridge over a canal in Amsterdam. The team, lead by project coordinator Jouke Verlinden, claims that its bicycle is the first to be fabricated using this process. The vehicle weighs around the same as a standard steel bike, and its frame can withstand rides over cobbled streets. ”It was important for us to design a functional object that people use everyday. Being students in the Netherlands, a bicycle naturally came to mind,” said team member Stef de Groot. “A bicycle frame is a good test for the technology because of the complex forces involved.”

Source:3dprint.com/ www.dezeen.com

EVOLUTION OF FUTURE BIKE _______________________

TECHNOLOGY - E BIKE

ikes have been around as long as those wagons that were riding along the bumpy trails back in the day. But now, more people are looking at electric bikes not just as a novelty or something the hobbyist down the street patched together, but a convenient way of tackling hills and speeding up commutes. Electric bikes have been on the verge of breaking through for years now. With the help of traditional car companies, along with a new breed of electric bikes that are custom-built from the group up to be electric, and improving biking infrastructure, eBikes are starting to become another real option for moving the world away from the gas pump and toward a more sustainable future. It’s been clear for a few years now that car companies see eBikes as part of their future. A point that was driven home when Ford recently-debuted an eBike concept, which folds up to fit in your trunk, that captures the need for bikes that meet a variety of commuting patterns. A desire to fuel this switch from gas-powered cars to electric bikes was an underlying motivation for the founding of Faraday. And being rooted in the desire to provide a new way of getting around in the world we think our Faraday Porteur is the eBike for today’s urban rider, due to its lightweight frame and powerful boost mode. Many people are turned off by eBikes because of how they look – with big external batteries and chunky frames – but this European-inspired style fits the needs of people who want to ride electric without the electric look.

FORD E-BIKE

European-inspired style E-BIKE

Source:/www.faradaybikes.com

HIGH-WHEEL BICYCLE -1870

TWO WHEEL VELOCIPEDE -1869

PEDEL BICYCLE -1860

DRAISINE -1818

EVOLUTION OF BIKE _________________________________________________________________________

IMPORTANT EVOLUTION OF BIKE __________________________________________________

MOUNTAIN BIKE - MID 1970

RACING BIKE - 1960

SAFETY BIKE -1890

ldest testimonies of this popular vehicle today are back to the ancient civilizations of Egypt, China or India and a section of the set of drawings and writings by Leonardo da Vinci “Codez Atlanticus”, already there is a drawing of a bicycle with a chain drive as those used at present. Rough two-wheelers powered feet were common in the early years of the second half of the seventeenth century. In 1690, a Frenchman, Count Mede of Sivrac invented the “Célérifère”, consisting of a wooden frame to which the wheels were added. The vehicle had no handlebars, the seat was a pillow on the frame and propelled and directed pushing your feet against the floor. In 1816 German Noble Karl Drais designed the first two-wheeler with steering device. This machine, called “Draisine” in honor of its inventor, who had a handle pivoted on the frame, allowing rotation of the front wheel. Later, British, French and German inventors introduced improvements. In England, these early models were popularized as “Dandy Horse”, were already lighter than the “Draisine” and had an adjustable seat and a support for the elbow. In 1839, a Scottish blacksmith, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, added driving levers and pedals to a machine similar to “Draisine”. These innovations allowed the rider to propel the machine with the feet off the ground. The drive mechanism was consisting of short pedals attached to the hub of the rear wheel and connected by rods of long levers, which fit into the table top of the machine. The connecting rods levers joined nearly a third of its length from the pedals. The machine was driven by the push of the foot down and forward using it in 1846 on his return trip to Glasgow of 226 km, covering a stretch of 65 km at an average speed of 13 km/h, an improved model of this machine, designed by a Scot, took the name of “Dalzell”, widely used in Britain.Today in 21th century , the fuction of the no only for transport but also for fashion

Source: www.bookingmallorca.

BIKE _______________________ TECHNICAL

BIKE DIMENSION __________________________________

SPACE USED TO TRANSPORT 60 PEOPLES Road space that 60 people require when traveling by bus, bicycle and car. The cars take up a lot more space, the bus takes up the least but all people most travel to the same direction or stay on the bus till they get near to their destination. The bicycle takes up a little more than the bus but much less than the cars, users are able to travel to their destinations individually.

BIKE ______________ TECHNICAL - COMPONENT

BIKE ______________ TECHNICAL - TYPES

Dandy Horse

Penny-Farthing

Recumbent Bicycle

Ease of use

Speed

Effiency

The first machine to be called a â&#x20AC;&#x153;bicycleâ&#x20AC;?, with pedals attached directly to the front wheel, it was popular until the development of the safety bicycle in the 1880s. Its downside was its high canter of mass for the rider. When the front wheel struck a rock or a rut, or braked hard, the rider could be pitched forward off the bicycle head-first, sometimes resulting in death.

Most recumbent riders choose the laid-back reclining design for ergonomic reasons as the riders weight is distributed comfortable over a larger area, supported by the back and rear.

A precursor to the bicycle, the earliest two-wheeler was invented by Harl Drais in 1817. With both wheels in-line, the rider propels it by pushing along the ground with the feet as if walking or running. The front wheel and handle bar pivot to allow steering.

Unicycle

Racing Bicycle

Tandem Bicycle

Ease of use

Speed

Effiency

The unicycle evolved from the penny-farting when cyclist discovered they didn’t need the smaller back wheel to balance.

The annual Tour de France is cycling’s most preeminent road race. Cycling events have been featured in every modern Olympic since 1896.

Designed to be ridden by more than one person, the term “tandem” refers to the seating arrangement (front to back, not side by side), not the number of riders. There are even tandem bikes for 10 riders.

Pedicab

BMX Bike

Tricycle

Ease of use

Speed

Effiency

A for hire tricycle designed to carry passengers in addition to the driver widely used in major cities around the world, but most commonly in southeast asian cities.

Drawing inspiration from motocross racing in the early 1970, the term â&#x20AC;&#x153;BMXâ&#x20AC;? is now used to encomposs BMX race bikes, freestyle bikes for tricks and stunts and dirt jumper, a fusion of BMX bikes and freestyles bikes key to their design are knobby tires, smaller frames and upright handlebars.

Due to its constant upright balance, children are often introduced to this three-wheeled vehicle before learning how to ride a bicycle.

City Bicycle

Mountain Bike

Freight Bicycle

Ease of use

Speed

Effiency

A popular bike used in bicycle sharing systems around the world, it is designed for frequent, short, moderately paced rides through relatively flat urban areas.

Designed for riding on dirt trails and other off road terrain, its construction differs from a typical bicycle, suspension on the frame and fork, large knobby tires, more powerful brakes, and lower gear ratios needed for steep grades with poor traction.

Designed and constructed specifically for transporting large loads such as food, mail or warehouse inventory.

BIKE ______________ TECHNICAL - STORAGE

nnovations in Bike Parking Encourage More Cyclists. More people on bikes is a good thing, right? Well, bike advocates know that certain key pieces are particularly effective in encouraging more people to take up cycling. In addition to educational programs for cyclists and drivers alike and installing more bike lanes, secure bicycle parking is an important element to offer the cyclist peace of mind and encourage more frequent biking. Innovations in secure bicycle parking options are helping drive forward this movement towards healthy, sustainable communities.

EASE TO USE

SPACE

EFFICIENCY

WALL RACKS

he Bike WallRack is a simple, space saving, and economical bike storage system. Designed to free up floor space, the WallRack parks a bike vertically against a wall. Simply roll the bike up to the rack by the back wheel and set the front wheel into the rack. Lock to secure both the wheel and the frame. Bike WallRack Stands can be used to create double-sided bike parking.

EASE TO USE

SPACE

EFFICIENCY

INVERTED-U RACKS

nverted U Bike Racks accommodate two bicycles per rack securing both the wheel and frame. This increased stability helps prevent colliding bikes and is safer for pedestrian traffic aisles.

Source: http://cyclesafe.com/

EASE TO USE

SPACE

EFFICIENCY

HI-DENSITY BIKE RACKS

or maximum capacity, the Hi-Density Bike Rack offers cost-efficient bike parking with two-tier capacity. Simply roll the bike along the channel provided to secure the wheel and bike frame in place. Each Hi-Density Bike Rack allows double-tier parking to hold four bicycles.

he CycleSafe Bike Stall can store up to eight bikes per five foot section. Bikes can be placed at 45ยบ angles to allow for wider aisles.

EASE TO USE

SPACE

EFFICIENCY

BIKE STALLS

BIKE _______________________ TECHNICAL -SPEED

BIKE AVERAGE SPEED 10-20km/hr

It takes less energy to bicycle one mile than it takes to walk a mile. In fact, a bicycle can be up to 5 times more efficient than walking. If we compare the amount of calories burned in bicycling to the number of calories an automobile burns, the difference is astounding. One hundred calories can power a cyclist for three miles, but it would only power a car 280 feet.

Glasgow City Center _______________________ Travel by bicycle in 5-10 min in radious

SPEED _______________________ Distance travelled of difference mobility mode in urban area in 20min

1.67km (5km/hr)

6.67km (20km/hr)

11.67km (35km/hr)

Barcelona,Spain _______________________ Travel by bicycle in 20 min in radious

Berlin, Germany _______________________ Travel by bicycle in 20 min in radious

London, U.K. _______________________ Travel by bicycle in 20 min in radious

Paris, France _______________________ Travel by bicycle in 20 min in radious

Rome, Italy _______________________ Travel by bicycle in 20 min in radious

Amsterdam,Netherland _______________________ Travel by bicycle in 20 min in radious

BIKE ______________

bicycle-sharing system, public bicycle system, or bike-share scheme, is a service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals on a very short term basis. Bike share schemes allow people to borrow a bike from point “A” and return it at point “B”. Many bikeshare systems offer subscriptions that make the first 30–45 minutes of use either free or very inexpensive, encouraging use as transportation. This allows each bike to serve several users per day. In most bike-share cities, casual riding over several hours or days is better served by bicycle rental than by bike-share. For many systems, smartphone mapping apps show nearby stations with available bikes and open docks . Bike-share began in Europe in 1965 and a viable format emerged in the mid-2000s thanks to the introduction of information technology. As of June 2014, public bikesharing systems were available in 50 countries on five continents, including 712 cities, operating approximately 806,200 bicycles at 37,500 stations. As of May 2011, the Wuhan and Hangzhou China Public Bicycle bike-share systems in China were the largest in the world, with around 90,000 and 60,000 bicycles respectively. The Vélib’ in Paris bicycle stations, is the largest outside of China.The countries with the most systems are Spain (132), Italy (104), and China (79). As of July 2013, the systems with the higher market penetration are both operating in France, the Parisian Velib’ with 1 bike per 97 inhabitants and Vélo’v in Lyon with one bike per 121 residents. Bicycle-sharing systems can be divided into two general categories: “Community Bike programmes” organised mostly by local community groups or non-profit organisations; and “Smart Bike programmes” implemented by government agencies, sometimes in a public–private partnership. The central concept of these systems is to provide free or affordable access to bicycles for short-distance trips in an urban area as an alternative to motorised public transport or private vehicles, thereby reducing traffic congestion, noise, and air pollution. Bicycle-sharing systems have also been cited as a way to solve the “last mile” problem and connect users to public transit networks. The reasons people use bike-share vary considerably. Some who would otherwise use their own bicycle have concerns about theft or vandalism, parking or storage, and maintenance requirements.However, with limits on the number of places where bicycles can be rented or returned, the service resembles public transit, and has therefore been criticised as less convenient than a privately owned bicycle used door-to-door.Governmentrun bicycle-sharing programmes can also prove costly to the public unless subsidised by commercial interests, typically in the form of advertising on stations or the bicycles themselves.

BIKE SHARING STEPS

BIKE SHARING SYSTEM AROUND THE WORLD (SIZE)

BIKE SHARING SYSTEM

BIKE SHARING SYSTEM ______________ BIKE SHARING AROUND THE WORLD

ver the past decade, more and more cities around the globe have adopted so called bike-sharing systems, which enable citizens and visitors to pick up bicycles at some point in the city, use them and leave them at another point in exchange for a small fee. The pricing structure of bike-sharing systems is often designed to encourage short-term use, which makes them a great option for urban dwellers who want to get from one point to another. Bicycle-sharing systems have proven effective in managing urban traffic, which is why they are especially popular in big cities and densely populated areas. By the end of 2014, bike-sharing systems were available in 855 cities around the world.

Source: http://thecityfix.com/

BIKE ______________ PEDAL ENERGY - TECHNOLOGY

edal power is the transfer of energy from a human source through the use of a foot pedal and crank system. This technology is most commonly used for transportation and has been used to propel bicycles for over a hundred years. Less commonly pedal power is used to power agricultural and hand tools and even to generate electricity. Some applications include pedal powered laptops, pedal powered grinders and pedal powered water wells. Some third world development projects currently transform used bicycles into pedal powered tools for sustainable development. Most treadmills and stationary bikes use electricity, but what if you could produce electricity in daily life activity? With a pedal-power generator, you can! And we can use the electricity immediately to power a television, computer, stereo or other electronics or store it in batteries to use it later.

Padel generated energy like others , is Green Energy

hile a human-powered generator wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t produce the output of a wind turbine or photovoltaic array, it can produce usable power that contributes to your overall energy needs. If you use less electricity to begin with, the amount generated by pedal power can meet a larger percent of your power needs.

Is it possible? Is pedal generate enought energy ?

When is the time ?

This is the point when the point when efficiency of out electrical and electronic device getting more and more efficiency in the future and the efficiency of technology of dynamo generator.

Human Powered Equipment is â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Art of Human Powerâ&#x20AC;? to promote sustainability, exercise and energy appreciation. by electricpedals.com

2069-FUTURE MEGALOPOLITAN _________________ I. FUTURE IS NOW I I. FUTURE HUMAN POWERED CITY

humanistic, people friendly city is first and foremost an accessible city, where mobility is possible for all. Many cities today are plagued by traffic congestion, and in densely populated city areas the fastest way of getting around is often on a bicycle, which is a highly efficient means of transport. No sector is developing in such an unsustainable way as the transport sector. From 1970 to 1995, motor traffic in the European Union doubled, while the share of walking, cycling and public transport fell drastically. This trend is predicted to continue and gain further strength if business continues as usual. For far too long the design of urban traffic systems focused predominantly on car-users and has been “unfriendly” to cyclists. Non-motorized transports such as walking and cycling have often been marginalized within transport planning and where it is provided for, is often done so on a retrospective basis, adding to the existing infrastructure whilst trying to cause minimum disruption to vehicle traffic. The first step of any recovery from addiction to automobiles is admitting you have a problem, and after more than a half a century of denial, cities are finally conceding the failure of rule by motorized vehicle. Six decades of road-widening and new construction has done nothing more than perpetuate the very problems highway engineers claimed they would solve, and destroying much of the street life that makes cities into destinations. Already expensive and inefficient, urban car culture is also contributing to the largest public health crisis you’ve never heard of. Amsterdam as the capital not only to the Netherlands it’s also the capital of all bike city, as the one of the earliest city transform into the city with integrated bike system. It give us a very good base ground to study about the human powered mobility system in the city. By the innovation in new mobility system and creativity in city planning, current urban lifestyle issues will be solved by the new typology of the 2069 future city, and it will become the model for others city to refer to.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Where do our cities go from here?â&#x20AC;? Provoking the future by prediction

FUTURE IS NOW _________________ I. CITY ON WHEEL NOW - AMSTERDAM,NETHERLAND

typical Amsterdam street scene sees countless cyclists either heading to or from work, transporting young children to school, or carrying anything from groceries or house pets to impressively tricky artefacts like ladders or even bulky furniture. With this in mind, it can seem to outsiders like cycling is simply built into the Dutch DNA. In reality, the Netherlands’ renowned cycling prowess is a hard-won combination of urban planning, government spending and people power. There are more bicycles than residents in The Netherlands and in cities like Amsterdam and The Hague up to 70% of all journeys are made by bike. The BBC’s Hague correspondent, Anna Holligan, who rides an omafiets - or “granny style” - bike complete with wicker basket and pedal-back brakes, examines what made everyone get back in the saddle. The 70s velo-rution Before World War II, journeys in the Netherlands were predominantly made by bike, but in the 1950s and 1960s, as car ownership rocketed, this changed. As in many countries in Europe, roads became increasingly congested and cyclists were squeezed to the kerb.The jump in car numbers caused a huge rise in the number of deaths on the roads. In 1971 more than 3,000 people were killed by motor vehicles, 450 of them children. In response a social movement demanding safer cycling conditions for children was formed. Called Stop de Kindermoord (Stop the Child Murder), it took its name from the headline of an article written by journalist Vic Langenhoff whose own child had been killed in a road accident. The Dutch faith in the reliability and sustainability of the motor vehicle was also shaken by the Middle East oil crisis of 1973, when oil-producing countries stopped exports to the US and Western Europe.These twin pressures helped to persuade the Dutch government to invest in improved cycling infrastructure and Dutch urban planners started to diverge from the car-centric road-building policies being pursued throughout the urbanising West. Path to glory To make cycling safer and more inviting the Dutch have built a vast network of cycle paths. These are clearly marked, have smooth surfaces, separate signs and lights for those on two wheels, and wide enough to allow side-by-side cycling and overtaking. In many cities the paths are completely segregated from motorised traffic. Sometimes, where space is scant and both must share, you can see signs showing an image of a cyclist with a car behind accompanied by the words ‘Bike Street: Cars are guests’. At roundabouts, too, it is those using pedal power who have priority. You can cycle around a roundabout while cars (almost always) wait patiently for you to pass. The idea that “the bike is right” is such an alien concept for tourists on bikes that many often find it difficult to navigate roads and junctions at first. Today, tourists and locals alike find it difficult to image that the city’s most beloved streets and squares were only a few decades ago dominated by cars and parking lots. Even fewer appreciate that this transformation faced fierce opposition. People opposed policies that restricted car access and made parking more expensive. Business owners protested, claiming that less car traffic and parking spaces in front of their shops would threaten their livelihoods. But officials implemented a progressive, ambitious program of reducing car speeds, driving space and parking availability. Their vision transformed the city into the livable place it is today. Cars have not been banned completely, but the reallocation of space has made driving less convenient, in favor of pedestrians, cyclists and public transport.

CITY ON WHEEL

AMSTERDAM, NETHERLAND _______________________

BIKE CULTURE

msterdam is one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world. You’d be forgiven for thinking that Amsterdammers are born on bikes and you’ll regularly see them whizzing by at breakneck speeds. With nearly 500 kilometres of bicycle paths leading to just about everywhere in town, it’s no wonder that Amsterdam is considered to be a true cycling city. The narrow, winding streets of Amsterdam’s historic 17th century city centre aren’t ideally suited to travelling by car. Pedestrians and cyclists definitely have the upper hand in Amsterdam and most locals swear by their bikes as the best - and often their only - means of transport. Biking in Amsterdam: fast & flexible Bikes are still seen as the poor man’s means of transport in many countries. However, this is certainly not the case in the Netherlands and in particular, in Amsterdam. The bicycle is simply the fastest, most flexible and fun way to get around. Bikes are embedded in the culture of the city and a key political consideration for the Amsterdam authorities, with cycling being positioned as a worthy alternative to cars and public transport. Cycling policy in Amsterdam In brief, the cycling policy in Amsterdam is centred around the following considerations: - More bicycle racks/storage. - Continued measures to actively prevent bike theft. - Complete (and improve) the Amsterdam Bicycle Network (Hoofdnet Fiets). - Improve traffic safety for cyclists. - Encourage more people to travel by bike. Education The City of Amsterdam is behind various initiatives to encourage people to start cycling. School children are taught about safe cycling in the city and have the opportunity to achieve a cycling proficiency diploma. A school route planner is also being developed that suggests a safe cycle route between the pupil’s house and school. The City of Amsterdam also supports various social organisations that provide cycling lessons to adults that didn’t learn to cycle earlier in life.

AMSTERDAM, NETHERLAND _______________________ BIKE CULTURE BY NUMBER POPULATION

813,562

1 PEOPLE HAVE HAVE 1.08 BIKES

NUMBERS OF BIKES

>881,000

67,438 > POPULATION

AMSTERDAM BICYCLE NETWORK

>767KM

ROAD LIMIT WITH 30KM/H

>900KM BIKE RENTAL COMPANIES

35 BIKE SHOPS

157 OFFICIAL BIKE PARKING PLACE NEAR AMSTERDAM CENTRAL

>267,123 PERCENTAGE OF AMSTERDAMMERS THAT CYCLE DAILY

> 58% PERCENTAGE OF AMSTERDAMMERS THAT CYCLE DAILY

> 58% Source: http://www.iamsterdam.

AMSTERDAM, NETHERLAND _________________________________________________________________________ INFRASTRUCTURE SEPERATED BIKE PATH When enough space is available, larger roads are fitted with a parallel fietspad (bike path) that is physically separated for example by means of a verge, hedge, or parking lane from the roadway. In most cases, these bike paths are also physically separated from an adjacent footpath. Where protected bike paths exist, their use is in most cases obligatory for cyclists. Mopeds, mofas and the like are allowed and obliged to use them when their maximum speed is no more than 25 km/h. When the maximum speed is 45 km/h, mopeds are only allowed to use the cycle paths if that is indicated. Motorists are not allowed on bike paths, and to enforce this the entry of cars is often made physically impossible by using obstacles. In any case, a single-directional bike path is usually too narrow for cars to travel on.

ON ROAD BIKE LANES On-road bike lanes in the Netherlands are marked by either a dashed line or a solid line: lanes marked by a dashed line may be used by motorists provided that they do not impede cyclists, while those marked with a solid line may not be used by motorists. Solid lines are interrupted on crossings to allow motorists to enter or leave the road. Car parking is never allowed in either type of lane. Bike lanes are usually surfaced with red or black asphalt. The red colour has no legal meaning, it is there for visibility; the on-road bike lane is delineated by the solid or dashed line by which it is separated from the roadway. National guidelines advise a minimum width of 1.25 m for cycle lanes.

FIETSSTRAAT BIKE STREET A fietsstraat (bike street) is a road where bicycles are considered to be the primary and preferred form of transport and where cars and other motorised vehicles are allowed â&#x20AC;&#x153;as guestsâ&#x20AC;?. There are four different types of fietsstraat but they are all required to have a speed limit of 30 km/h or less and are usually coloured in the same red asphalt as bike paths. Fietsstraat streets exist mostly in residential areas where low-traffic roads exist anyway. A fietsstraat was in most cases originally a road that had low-traffic volumes beforehand and was therefore easily converted. They are an important type of infrastructure which makes Dutch towns and cities safer for cyclists. They can also be used for route separation to enable cyclists to avoid busier roads and have direct routes into and through towns.

AMSTERDAM, NETHERLAND _________________________________________________________________________ INFRASTRUCTURE UNRAVELLING OF MODES In Dutch towns and cities, many bike-only routes are not alongside the roadway, nor do they run close-by and parallel to major car routes: rather, cycle routes are often completely separate from motor vehicle routes. In many cases, dedicated bike routes are far more direct than the local car routes are to common destinations, such as town centres.This complete separation of bicycle routes from motor vehicle routes is called the unravelling of modes and is an important feature of modern Dutch urban design and traffic management. For instance, many Dutch towns and cities have a â&#x20AC;&#x153;softâ&#x20AC;? green core that is only accessible to cyclists and pedestrians. Therefore, while drivers wishing to cross the town may have to take a lengthy detour via a ring road, cyclists can take a direct route through the town centre.

BIKE PARKING By policy in the Netherlands, bicycle parking is supposed to be provided next to every shop. Bicycle stands are common around the Netherlands, an alternative to chaining the bike to a post. In most, the front wheel of the bicycle rests on the stand. As bike theft is very common in the Netherlands, cyclists are advised to lock their bicycle with a built-in lock and attach a chain from the bike frame to the stand. There are many bicycle parking stations, some of which hold many thousands of bicycles. Every railway station has a cycle park attached and most also offer watched cycle parking for a nominal fee. These types of bicycle parking stations also exist in other places around most cities.

SNELFIETSROUTES FAST BIKE ROUTES A bicycle-only route intended for cycling longer distances for practical reasons such as commuting or for sport and exercise can either be called a snelfietsroute (fast bike route) or a fietssnelweg (cycle highway).Some characteristics of these cycling routes mentioned by governments and traffic experts are: bi-directional paths with recommended uni-directional lane widths of 2 metres and minimum widths of 1.5 metres; very level and straight stretches the absence of traffic lights and level crossings with motorised traffic; and superior pavement quality. Such routes as being a solution for the further reduction of vehicular traffic congestion: this is because, as cyclists can achieve higher average speeds on these routes than on the usual types of cycling infrastructure, so cyclists are better able to compete with the car for longer commutes on them.

AMSTERDAM, NETHERLAND _________________________________________________________________________ INFRASTRUCTURE ROUNDABOUT Some roundabouts have cyclist lanes around them, with signposts directing the cyclist to a destination. Traffic on roundabouts in the Netherlands usually has priority over entering traffic, and when a cycle lane is bundled with it this priority also applies to the cyclists. This means that cars have to give priority to bicycles both when entering and exiting the roundabout. Other roundabouts have separate cycle paths around them. Signs indicate whether the cycle path or the crossing road has priority. Many authorities give priority to the crossing roads, as this is thought to be safer. For fairness, others retain the priority that the cyclists would have had if they had not been using a separate cycle path

BIKE RENTAL Bikes for the whole family are readily available for rent across the country and most large towns have bike shops with all the necessary equipment and repair services. All cities possess multiple bike stands, mainly at the supermarkets and other commonly used shops. Bikes should also come with a lock so as to keep the bike from being stolen. A national scheme, Cycleswap, supports small businesses privately renting bicycles out for short-term use. OV-fiets is a nationwide bicycle sharing system run by Nederlandse Spoorwegen or Dutch Railways. OV-fiets (public transport bike) bike stations can be found mainly at NS train stations, but also at light rail stops and metro stations, right across the Netherlands. There are over 6000 bikes in 250 locations.

SIGNAGE Signposts take on the form of road signs, with directions stating the distances to nearby cities and towns. Signposts come in two different forms: the common directional signpost which is a miniature version of the vehicle signs and a mushroom-shaped direction post. The second form is used in the countryside where it is thought to blend in better with its surroundings. In contrast to the signposts for traffic in general, which feature white lettering on a blue background, the signposts for cyclists have red or green lettering on a white background. Red is used for the usual route and green for more scenic routes where mopeds are not allowed. The mushroom-style signpost can also have black lettering on a white background. A newer style of â&#x20AC;&#x153;mushroomâ&#x20AC;? has red lettering.

AMSTERDAM, NETHERLAND _________________________________________________________________________ ISSUES IN THE PARADISE

BIKE JAMS

There are about 880,000 bicycles in a city of 800,000 people and 32% of all trips are make on bikes while only 22% are done in cars. But now the city is running into the high quality problem of having bike traffic james and a scarcity of bike parking spots. Theinfrastructure hasn’t kept up with the growth in cycling. Biking wasn’t always this popular in Amsterdam. Just since the early 1990s, the cycling’s popularity has grown by 40%. It’s no surprise that it puts a huge strain on infrastructure, even if a lot of it has been built since then.

PARKING SPACES

Massively popular is cycling in the Netherlands’ largest city that the city center has run out of places to put them all. Amsterdam’s daily two-wheeled commuter flood fills downtown with more bikes than it has space to park. More than 250 miles of dedicated paths have failed to keep up with a cycle explosion that is making life unpleasant for pedestrians forced to weave among fast-moving walls of cyclists.

BIKE THEFT

Bicycle theft is a real social problem in Amsterdam. The number of thefts has greatly increased in recent years, from 5.880 in 2008 to 7.880 in 2012. In total, 113,779 bike thefts were reported to the police in the Netherlands last year, a rise of almost 4,000 on 2014. 2014,9,616 bikes were reported stolen in the Dutch capital, the equivalent of 26 a day or just under 12 for every thousand residents.

2069 HUMAN POWERED MOBILITY CITY ________________________________________________________ RESEARCH PROPOSAL- 2069 HUMAN POWERED MOBILITY CITY

WHEEL (MOBILITY)

POWER (HUMAN)

Human Powered Mobility system will be the future transport mode that change the faces of urban lifestyle and architecture

RISING OF HUMAN POWER

ur city shaped by the moving of the human, the invention of the motorized vehicle is one of the greatest innovation in the history of civilization. In the passed last few decade the progress and development of the motorized vehicle become one of the standard in modernization world. This shaping the direction of human lifestyles, architecture and urban planning, the motorized mobility went in to an uncontrollable situation in today world. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s starting to create of rises current urban issues in urban lifestyle, examples like pollution, high usage of energy, time wasted in traffic, and urban health problems. Some of the city currently foreseen the future of friendly human mobility, since more than 10 years ago, like Amsterdam and Copenhagen, they have successfully become the city of model for the better urban lifestyle through their sustainable approach in mobility system. The human powered mobility approach allow them to move forward to create a friendlier urban lifestyle in the century of booming human population. We are living a borderline phase of the history of Mankind, the time has come to rethink the relationship of mankind mobility and energy in urban lifestyles. What is the most suitable way of mobility in our daily life? Self-sustainability is the answer, old technology with a bright future. we might not be returning to the horse and cart anytime soon, but cities are beginning to realize that bicycles are an old technology with a very bright future. Clean, inexpensive and in many cases faster than road transport, cities that were once turned over to the motor vehicle are making space for bicycles and others small light weight transport. Human Energy will be the forefront of establishing the resolution of this relationship and ensure the efficient use of human power in future lifestyle. The Proposed all new 2069 utopian cities will be a humanist, people friendly city is first and foremost an accessible city, where mobility is possible for all. The human powered mobility system will shape the city and urban lifestyle, by efficiency of using human power without waste of energy, the human power will transform into useable electric through mobility to daily activity. The energy generated by human power will then go back into the electric grid contribute to others human activity. The healthy cycle of energy circle will be created for the sustainable future of the earth.

2069 HUMAN POWERED MOBILITY CITY _________________________________________________________________________ FUTURE LIFESTYLE

2016

2039

2069

2069 IS THE AGE OF HIGH EFFICIECY AND FREE

y 2069, the urban street will be dominated by the human powered transport, the motorised transport that over powerful for the urban life will become the shamed passed of the city. 2069 Human Powered city will be designed for transport with character below:Lightweight Human powered Human powered with electric assist Small in size The transport with this few characteristic is to improve the efficiency and freedom of individual moving. Lightweight and small of the mobility transportation created in 2069 with invention in new materials and technology, this allow everyone will have their own freedom of mobility any time anywhere.

2069 HUMAN POWERED MOBILITY CITY ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

MOBILITY

The current urban mobility system

was not efficient, people have to take their own trip go to station, and take the transport to another station, after that they have to take their own trip to their destination again. Lots of time was wasted on the changing station and waiting for transport.

2069 HUMAN POWERED MOBILITY CITY

will be a city of high efficiency , sustainable , low energy, freedom to move. Rising of Human powered transport allow people to move anytime start from their home to their destination any time without limited by the timetable of the transport.

2069 HUMAN POWERED MOBILITY CITY ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

MOBILITY

New Architecture Spaces Typology.

In 2069 Human Powered Mobility City architecture typology of building was create to fit the new transport system in the city, The lightweight and convienient transport allow people to bring their transport with them anytime anywhere. New Typology of central station was created to accomodate the services of the human powered transport, its naturally become the central point of the city to provide diverse function to the urban lifestyle.

Sustainable Energy Giving back (self-sustain infrastructure).

In 2069 Human Powered Mobility City the human powered transport will generated when they move [3] and the energy will transfer to the energy cell [5]at the station [4] for the use of the infrastructure. [1]This system will create a self sustain bikeing station and the over produced energy will be contribute back to the national grid system [2] .

2069 HUMAN POWERED MOBILITY CITY _________________________________________________________________________ CITY SHAPE

HUMAN POWERED MOBILITY ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT Gravity Enhancement Oriented Form The new city form encourages people to leave on their bikes or any wheel transportation by giving them gravity assistance from the moment they wheel out of their doors. Since they would only be used (by some) to go up, lifts are provided at the ends of blocks only. Typically, one large lift can serve a whole building. New building type a “hill type” block for the toy it resembles. It is one of our solutions to the problem of “start of trip facilities” for bicycle owners. Other than using the huge lift to go to the top. Wheeled mobility transport in future will have electric assist to help them go up the slope and generate electric when they slide down the slope. The Slope will be a 3’ mild slanted slope, allow the people to cycle up without using too much of an effort.

2069 HUMAN POWERED MOBILITY CITY _________________________________________________________________________ CITY SHAPE

Experiment on difference Gravity Enhancement oriencted form

2069 HUMAN POWERED MOBILITY CITY _________________________________________________________________________ SITE

he site of the proposed 2069 Human Powered Mobility City located on the outskirts of Amsterdam, name WAVERVEEN. The proposed site Wavervenn, Amsterdam Siphol Airport, and Amsterdam Central will form a triangle in the maps to create a relationship between them.Waverveen was choose because of its geographical strategic location of 1 hours of cycling from Amsterdam central. Reasons behind of this site is :1) Cultural Ready - Amsterdam as the capital of all cycle city, in political, socially amsterdam is â&#x20AC;&#x153;readyâ&#x20AC;? to accept the change.# 2)1 Hours cycle distance from the Amsterdam city center, this provide a good resources supply from the city at the beginning. 3)Triangle connection with Siphol Airport and Amsterdam central, this provides the 2069 city become the model of the human powered mobility city to the world. 4) Plenty of land on the south side of the city , provide the opportunity of expansion of the city.

2069 HUMAN POWERED MOBILITY CITY _________________________________________________________________________

Ater

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ria

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o )T

h ip

(Mai

Middle Ring Path

n) T o A mste rdam

SITE

Center Ring Path (Human Powered Mobility City Center)

PLANING ON THE MAIN TRANSPORT ROAD

2069 HUMAN POWERED MOBILITY CITY _________________________________________________________________________ PROPOSED SITE

SCHIPHOL AIRPORT

AMSTERDAM CENTRAL

PROPOSED SITE WAVERVEEN

2069 HUMAN POWERED MOBILITY CITY _________________________________________________________________________ PROPOSED SITE

2069 HUMAN POWERED MOBILITY CITY _________________________________________________________________________ SPACEs

2069 OFFICE SPACE In the 2069 Human Powered Mobility City, transport system will extend into the building, even in the office, people allow to cycle through the ramp until their working desk and park right beside their desk. Bike path in the building will become the requirement for the building in the city to increase the efficiency of the city.

These days wheelchairs and childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s strollers go from the street into buildings and nobody minds. So why donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t we take our bikes inside too?

Imagine the advantages to a parent. He or she would be able to ride from inside their apartment directly to the cold food aisle at the back of the supermarket. With a cargo bike they could take their sleeping baby along for the ride and use their bike as a trolley.

2069 HUMAN POWERED MOBILITY CITY _________________________________________________________________________ SPACE

2069 RESIDENTIAL CORRIDOR In the 2069 Human Powered Mobility City, people will start their journey in front of their doorsteps and ending at their destination, the new mobility system creates a new typology for residential, all houses will have their own small garage in their house to store the bike and the bike will transfer the energy created throughout the trip wirelessly in to their home electric supply and to use for lighting.

2069 HUMAN POWERED CITY _________________________________________________________________________ SPACES

2069 Human Powered Garden In the 2069 Human Powered Mobility City, The Garden was powered by the human steps and the bike parks in the garden. people use the technology to control the uncontrollable nature . This allows the citizen to enjoy the nature in difference seasons.

2069 HUMAN POWERED CITY _________________________________________________________________________ SPACES

2069 HUMAN SCALE CITY In the 2069 Human Powered Mobility City, the public space was returned back to the people to have activity and the design of the city is based on human scale. This will provide safety and friendly urban lifestyle.

2069 HUMAN POWERED CITY _________________________________________________________________________ CONCLUTION

e must invent, re-design the futurist city shaped by human powered mobility, the human powered mobility must no longer be hidden like trash in the bin. The over powerful of motorized vehicles must abolish and the street must scale the length of the city like freedom of movement of human powered mobility. Our future city should shaped by the moving of the freedom movement of people, not by the unfriendly motorized transport. In the future the progress and development of the human powered mobility will become one of the standard in future modernization world. This shaping the direction of human lifestyles, architecture and urban planning, the human mobility went in to an uncontrollable situation in today world. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s starting to create of rising current urban issues in the urban lifestyle, examples like pollution, high usage of energy, time wasted in traffic, and urban health problems. The 2069 future human powered mobility, city will solve the current urban lifestyle issues in physical, mentally and environmentally way. A well-developed human scale path network can also help social inclusion across age groups. Even in very wealthy cities, large groups of people such as children, young people and the elderly are severely limited in their mobility because the city is designed for cars â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a means of transport that they cannot use. Cities that are designed for cars are also characterized by large distances and many obstacles which hamper movement on foot and by bicycle. A city for pedestrians and cyclists ensures that a lot more people can move around in the city. It is also important to create a quality of urban environment that makes it attractive to move around both on foot and by bicycle. This is a self-perpetuating process since the presence of pedestrians and cyclists significantly contributes to the life of the city and thereby its attraction. The urban lifestyle issues like congested traffic happen everywhere in the city caused by the inefficiency of transportation mode, this solved by abolishing it and inviting the human powered mobility in the high density urban area, directly this also improve the mental health of the urban citizen. The people will have extra time saved from trapped in traffic to spend with their family and friends. The Human power mobility model also will slow down the pollution, because the transport no doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t consume fossil fuel and produce carbon dioxide. The sustainable transport mode brings the freedom of moving into another level. People are allowed to travel from point A to B without sticking in the transport, or waiting for the transport to come, people allow to travel anytime as they like. Furthermore, the human powered mobility mode will consume the human energy to travel, this will reduce the urban obesity and others urban healthy problems. The 2069 Human Powered Mobility City was shaped by the smaller scale of transportation method, allow the city to be more sustainable, and healthy. This will become the model of the future city for the others to learn from and to inspire people about healthy urban lifestyle.

BIBLIOGRAPHY _________________________________________________________________________ BOOKS Cycle Space (Architecture &Urban Design in the age of the Bicycle ) By Steven Fleming nai010 Publisher, Rotterdam Cycle Infrastructure by Stefan Bendiks , Aglaee Degros nai010 Publisher, Rotterdam

HISTORY OF WHEEL http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/a-salute-to-the-wheel-31805121/

TRAFFIC CONGESTION

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2313885/The-traffic-jam-map-Britain-UK-drivers-spend-days-year-stuck-gridlock.html http://www.autoevolution.com/news/brussels-is-the-most-congested-european-city-tomtom-says-36449.html http://www.consultancy.uk/news/2558/the-25-cities-in-europe-with-the-highest-traffic-congestion http://www.uctc.net/access/25/Access%2025%20-%2004%20-%20Traffic%20Congestion%20is%20Here%20to%20Stay.pdf http://inrix.com/scorecard/key-findings/ https://ec.europa.eu/transport/themes/urban/urban_mobility_en http://www.accessmagazine.org/articles/fall-2002/rethinking-traffic-congestion/

POLLUTION CARBON EMISSION

http://www.treehugger.com/bikes/planet-wants-you-bike-danes.html http://bikeportland.org/2011/12/12/new-study-compares-bicyclings-co2-emissions-to-other-modes-63536 https://torinobyveg.wordpress.com/2012/11/05/sustainable-transport-the-impacts-of-transports-on-the-environment-in-the-uk-2/

HEALTH

http://www.livestrong.com/article/416053-how-many-calories-burned-in-a-10k-cycle/ http://www.who.int/topics/urban_health/en/ http://teamboom.net/obesity-uk/ https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/time-to-think-differently/trends/healthy-behaviours/obesity

ENERGY

http://www.mining.com/web/infographic-europes-electricity-consumption-by-country-and-fuel-type/ http://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?229870/EU-continues-to-run-an-ecological-deficit-says-new-Living-Planet-Report http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Consumption_of_energy http://www.glassforeurope.com/en/issues/faq.php

WHEEL

http://delhigreens.com/2013/08/07/urban-living-and-lifestyle-diseases-causes-and-concerns/ http://www.good-legal-advice.com/bicycle-accidents/ http://www.rospa.com/road-safety/advice/pedal-cyclists/facts-figures/ https://www.cycleplan.co.uk/blog/these-uk-cycle-crime-statistics-make-essential-reading-for-cyclists http://www.roadsafetyscotland.org.uk/road-safety-topics/cycling https://www.exploratorium.edu/cycling/humanpower1.html http://community.tribesports.com/infographics/cycling-accidents-in-uk https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0122/8442/files/final_bike_safety_infographic_2048x2048.png?11395 https://medium.com/architecture-landscape-urban-design/pedestrian-safety-for-urban-planners-and-users-acb78c07a61b#. fz3l0qif8 http://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/11pedestriansum.pdf http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/79753/1/9789241505352_eng.pdf

UK WHEEL

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/448036/pedestrian-casualties-2013-data.pdf https://medium.com/architecture-landscape-urban-design/pedestrian-safety-for-urban-planners-and-users-acb78c07a61b#. fz3l0qif8

BIKE

https://www.cycleplan.co.uk/blog/these-uk-cycle-crime-statistics-make-essential-reading-for-cyclists http://www.cyclist.co.uk/news/412/bicycle-crime-statistics http://www.londoncyclist.co.uk/how-do-you-get-around-the-no-shower-at-work-problem/ http://www.gizmodo.co.uk/2015/02/9-big-cycling-projects-planned-for-the-uk/ http://www.sustrans.org.uk/what-you-can-do/cycling/cycling-safety-and-rules/cycling-signs-and-road-markings http://bicycledriving.org/about/the-dilemmas-of-bicycle-planning https://worldstreets.wordpress.com/2013/09/05/233-years-of-history-of-the-bicycle/ http://www.bookingmallorca.co.uk/blog/history-bicycle/ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/active/recreational-cycling/11838726/Is-this-the-bicycle-of-the-future.html https://roadcyclinguk.com/gear/3d-printing-future-custom-bike-building.html#gdZ6r5yLSuDKeTIG.97 http://www.thecoolist.com/custom-bicycle-concepts-10-amazing-bikes-of-the-future/ https://www.faradaybikes.com/the-future-of-transportation-is-electric/ http://cyclesafe.com/news/ http://thecityfix.com/blog/on-the-move-swift-global-expansion-bicycle-sharing-schemes-peter-midgley/ https://www.statista.com/chart/3325/bike-sharing-systems-worldwide/ http://www.green-trust.org/2000/pedalpower/ppintro.htm http://www.motherearthnews.com/renewable-energy/pedal-powered-generators-zmaz08onzgoe?pageid=2#PageContent2 http://www.treehugger.com/clean-technology/5-hour-energy-creator-roll-out-pedal-powered-energy-solution-india.html http://newatlas.com/free-electric-bike/40963/ https://www.electricpedals.com/ http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/technology/human-powered/pedal-power/

AMSTERDAM CASE STUDY

http://www.iamsterdam.com/en/visiting/plan-your-trip/getting-around/cycling/amsterdam-cycling-history http://www.iamsterdam.com/en/media-centre/city-hall/dossier-cycling/cycling-general-information http://www.fietsberaad.nl/library/repository/bestanden/Fietsberaad_Publicatie7A.pdf https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/may/05/amsterdam-bicycle-capital-world-transport-cycling-kindermoord http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23587916 https://bicycledutch.wordpress.com/2011/10/20/how-the-dutch-got-their-cycling-infrastructure/ http://sustainableamsterdam.com/2015/04/how-amsterdam-became-bike-friendly/ https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/aug/11/cycling-amsterdam-bike-jams-bicycle-mayor-anna-luten http://www.iamexpat.nl/read-and-discuss/expat-page/news/amsterdam-bike-thieves-stealing-request http://www.zdnet.com/article/do-the-dutch-have-too-many-cyclists/ http://inhabitat.com/amsterdam-is-out-of-bicycle-parking-spaces-so-its-building-40000-more/ http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/public/cyclesafety/article3724674.ece http://www.treehugger.com/bikes/amsterdam-there-such-thing-too-many-bikes-880k-city-800k.html http://www.citylab.com/commute/2015/02/amsterdam-has-officially-run-out-of-spaces-to-park-its-bicycles/385867/ https://bicycledutch.wordpress.com/2012/11/22/trouble-in-paradise/ http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/21/world/europe/a-sea-of-bikes-swamps-amsterdam-a-city-fond-of-pedaling.html

POSTSCRIPT _________________________________________________________________________

he 20th century is related to the phenomenon of rapid urbanization. According to last predictions, 4.9 billion people or 60% of population are expected to live in the city by 2030, how about in 2069 or more? The increase of population become the accelerator to decrease of natural resources like fossil fuel. Our personal vehicles are a major consumption of fossil fuel and to cause the global warming. Moreover, the over depended on the convenient of fossil fuel transport mode cause increase of the obesity and others health issues to the urban people. We are living a borderline phase of the history of Mankind, the time has come to re-think the relationship of mankind mobility and energy in urban lifestyle. The â&#x20AC;&#x153;Rising of Human Powerâ&#x20AC;? will Re-examining triangle relationship of lifestyle, energy and mobility. We can move towards future by innovation in human energy mobility, architecture and urban lifestyles. Human energy will be the forefront of establishing the resolution for this relationship and ensure the efficiency use of human power in future lifestyle. How can we by re-introduce and re-connect human energy to the future city mobility system. So that we can have an efficiency and sustainable urban mobility system. In 2069, The Rising of Human Power provision the change in designing the future city by further delves into the relationship of human power energy, mobility and urban lifestyles.