Report: The working life of the future is here by Omställningsaktören TRR

The working life of the future is here!

Contents:

Method 4 Megatrends 10 1. Flexibility & Mobility 12 2. AI & Automation 24 3. Human Qualities 32 4. Sustainability 42 5. Purpose & Ethics 52 6. Health 60 Conclusion 70 Sources 72

Future Occupations: 1. Remote worker 2. Gig manager 3. Robot personality designer 4. Culture integrator 5. Climate auditor 6. Vertical farmer 7. Ethics developer 8. Cloud guard 9. DNA coach 10. Oldfluencer

17 21 30 38 47 50 57 59 64 68

Change is the only constant What does the working life of the future look like?

discovery; we reviewed a series of reports, articles and

This is one of the most discussed issues of our time,

studies, and we interviewed leading experts and peo-

among employees and managers, as well as among

ple who are already working with the type of occupa-

researchers and social scientists. Leading organisa-

tions that might conceivably be found in the labour

tions and institutions such as the World Bank and MIT

market of the future. And while much of the discus-

have in recent times conducted studies and released

sion concerning the future of working life has focused

weighty reports on the subject, and when the G20

on digitalisation and automation, we have chosen to

leaders gathered in Buenos Aires at the end of 2018,

study the subject using a more holistic approach – in

“the future of work” was one of three prioritised sub-

which we explored changes in working life in relation

jects on the agenda, right up there with the climate

to issues such as health, values and sustainability.

issue. While the labour market has never been static, today

relevant, exciting and perhaps even unexpected areas

the changes are exponential, at the same time that

and developments, and to reflect on the opportu-

ground-breaking companies, business ideas and

nities that are created – both for the individual and

technologies can arise that completely transform the

for society at large – rather than providing definite

playing field.

answers or a comprehensive picture of the working

TRR welcomes change and fresh ideas. We believe that the labour market must become more mobile, which benefits everyone – the individual, businesses and society at large. We view ourselves as a lubricant in the Swedish labour market and want to help more people advance farther in their working lives. To succeed with our mission, we must become

The purpose of the report is to highlight and examine

life of the future. It can be viewed as something of a “crash course” in exciting working life trends. Hopefully, this thought-provoking content will inspire discussions and lead more people to reconsider the old and to rethink the new. Because one thing is for sure – change is the only constant. Enjoy!

even better at understanding the labour market of

Lennart Hedström

tomorrow. We therefore embarked on a journey of

CEO Trygghetsrådet

â&#x20AC;&#x153;TRR welcomes change and innovation. We believe that the labour market must become more mobile, since it benefits everyone â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the individual, businesses and society at large.

Method Basis for the content of the report How do you go about investigating a subject as broad as â&#x20AC;&#x153;the working life of the futureâ&#x20AC;?? We wanted to create content that was relevant and interesting, but also somewhat different. To do so, we used a combination of methods that provided statistics, as well as exciting new insights and reflections from leaders in areas related to the working life of the future. Because while numbers can provide a basis for predicting trends and developments, insight-driven analyses and reflections are needed to create a more truthful picture. The work, which was carried out by United Minds and Prime on behalf of and together with TRR in the autumn of 2018, entailed three phases: knowledge acquisition, creative workshop with expert panel and an in-depth study.

1. Knowledge acquisition

Deborah Muhlrad, head of digital health at BlueCall.

The first phase involved reading reports, studies and

for employees to speak with a therapist, where the

articles on working life today and in the future to identify relevant and interesting areas for further investigation. In all, we read hundreds of reports, articles and studies from sources such as the World Bank, McKinsey, Deloitte, Quartz and J. Walter Thompson Intelligence. Armed with this knowledge, we then identified a number of areas that reflected different trends and transitions.

BlueCall provides employers and their employees with a digital platform for anonymous therapeutic counselling by phone and chat. The purpose of BlueCall is to prevent mental ill health by making it easier vision is to improve well-being worldwide. Patrik Åström, CEO, Helio. Patrik runs Helio, one of the first “coworking spaces” in the world. The idea is to make it possible for good and big ideas to succeed by providing flexible office space and an integrated community. Maureen Hoppers, head of communications, Riksteatern. Maureen was previously communications

2. Creative workshop with expert panel The identified areas were then tested, validated and developed in a creative workshop with some of the country’s foremost experts in these fields. Together, we conjured up five potential future occupations, which were then further developed.

The expert panel consisted of: Kamjar Hajabdolahi, CEO, Serendipity. Kamjar runs the investment management company Serendipity, which invests in and builds companies that solve problems for businesses through innovative services or products. Harald Cavalli-Björkman, head of communications, Re:newcell. Harald works for the Swedish innovation company Re:newcell, which has developed a technology for large-scale recycling of textiles. The goal is to make fashion circular. Viktor Qvarfordt, AI developer, Sana Labs. Viktor develops EdTech products at Sana Labs to adapt education to the needs of each individual through AI and machine learning.

director for Axfoundation’s “Open the Door” project, which creates meetings between established and new Swedes to encourage integration. Now she works with similar tasks in cultural and performing arts for the Riksteatern with a nationwide focus. Anne-Marie Andric, CHRO, iZettle. Anne-Marie’s job at iZettle, which has rapidly grown in number of employees and markets, is to manage and lead HR by further developing an organisation in constant change and recruiting new talent for its ongoing expansion.

3. In-depth study After the expert panel validated and developed the areas, supplementary in-depth research was carried out – in part by reading additional reports, articles and studies, and in part through in-depth interviews with experts associated with the identified subjects.

The experts included: Mia Kleregård, former CEO, Plantagon Sverige. Mia was previously CEO of Plantagon Production Sweden AB. Plantagon is a global innovation leader in urban farming, working with agritecture to meet the increased need for locally grown food in cities worldwide. By using vertical farming technology, the company minimises the need for transports, land, energy and water. Gabriel Skantze, chief scientist, Furhat Robotics. Gabriel is co-founder of Furhat Robotics, a start-up that develops “social robots” – robots that can communicate with humans and that are able to hear and understand speech. The robots can also show emotions through facial expressions. The company is currently working with about seventy Swedish and international companies, including Disney, Merck and Honda. Maria Idebro, management consultant, Thread. Over the past ten years, Maria has worked with various types of leadership in IT. One area she is particularly interested in is what happens in the meeting between man and technology. Ellinor Axell, head of sales and marketing, Telenor. Ellinor has used a combination of the digital channels that strengthen physical customer encounters to put the focus on the customer experience, thereby helping to position Telenor as a more human player. She has also been involved in integrating departments into cross-functional teams to promote collaboration and the exchange of knowledge across departmental boundaries. Gunilla Yhuel Sätterberg, digital coach for pensioners. Gunilla was named 2018 Volunteer of the Year for her commitment to educating seniors in new technology. Her accomplishments include starting a “mobile junta” at SeniorNet Botkyrka, where seniors help each 8

other to understand smartphones and tablets.

Anna Troberg, chairperson of DIK, the union for culture and communication. Anna was previously operations manager at Wikimedia Sverige, party leader of the Pirate Party and the head of a publishing house. She is currently the chair of the union DIK, and is deeply involved in the discussions on the need for a Swedish model for sole proprietorships. Frida Lundmark, programme director, Vinnova. Frida is programme director for Swelife, a strategic innovation initiative that Vinnova funds within the framework of strategic innovation programmes focusing on Life Science. She is also the project manager for Vinnovaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s precision medicine initiative. Sven Wolf, co-founder and CEO, Bzzt. Along with two partners, Sven runs the battery-powered taxi service Bzzt. The company's goal is to build a new way of travelling in Stockholm that will take both the climate and driver working conditions into account. Based on all of the analyses and interviews, we identified six areas, each of which will be addressed in a chapter in this report. These areas are: Flexibility & Mobility AI & Automation Human Qualities Sustainability Purpose & Ethics Health

Megatrends Long-term movements affecting everything and everyone In this report, we will delve into six areas that impact the working life of the future in various ways. They are based on “megatrends” — large, long-term movements that affect essentially all people, companies, industries and communities — and thereby also working life. We briefly describe these megatrends below.

Globalisation The nations of the world are drawing closer together culturally, politically and economically, while financial integration among different economies is also on the rise. Both business growth and cross-border collaboration are keeping pace with this trend.

Urbanisation Worldwide, people are abandoning rural life in favour of urban living. More than half of the world’s population now live and work in cities, and by 2050, almost 70 per cent of all humans are expected to do so. Urbanisation affects where consumers and businesses—and thereby also jobs—are to be found.

Digitalisation In January 2018, the number of Internet users exceeded four billion — a figure that continues to grow. Today, half of the world's population is connected to the Internet. Employees of the future will be “digital natives”; they will have grown up with digital technology as a natural part of life. Digitalisation makes it possible for us to work where and when we wish and for companies to be global from day one.

Automation The development of artificial intelligence (intelligence created by machines, unlike "natural intelligence" which humans and animals possess) and automation (having a machine or technology perform a task) is creating fundamental changes in the global labour market and how we work. Robots

are already in common use within many industries.

now a growing billion dollar industry, which rep-

Between 2013 and 2017, robot sales doubled, reach-

resents more than five per cent of global returns.

ing a record high of 381,000 robots sold in 2017 — an

Both in Sweden and abroad, large investments in

increase of 30 per cent over 2016. Predictions for

individualised health are being carried out, which

exactly how and to what extent AI and automation

will change both working methods and professional

will affect working life within different industries

roles in healthcare.

vary, but there is no question that they will impact essentially all industries and occupations.

Sustainability

Demographic trends Worldwide, life expectancy is increasing, and Sweden is no exception. By 2028, an additional 309,000

Given the increasing threat of climate change, busi-

Swedes will be age 65 or older compared to 2018.

ness and industry have begun to react and act — in

The greatest increase will occur among those who

earnest. Greater responsibility is now being assumed

are age 80 and older—by 2028, they will have grown

by most industries and levels of society, as more and

by 255,000, about 50 percent more than the 2018

more companies transition from linear to circular

figure. The elderly today and in the future are more

production. As sustainability has become a strate-

active and work longer, making them an important

gic issue for a growing number of companies, both

consumer group. This is a shift that will be accom-

more and new jobs are being created in an array of

panied by both new occupations and needs. The

sectors.

millennials, people born in the 1980s and 1990s, are emerging as yet another influential generation.

Health

By 2025, millennials will account for 75 per cent of

Health and well-being are being integrated into

the global labour force. This generation is clearly

more aspects of our lives – from beauty and fashion

purpose-driven and places high demands on social

to tourism and architecture. The health industry is

responsibility, both as consumers and employees.

Flexibility & Mobility

Working life is becoming increasingly fluid and flexible. Where, how and when we work is no longer tied to time, place, title or industry. As a consequence, our view on skills and careers is changing, as new needs emerge in relation to the social safety net and sustainable selfemployment.

“Our working lives and careers are becoming increasingly mobile. Many developments in society are occurring at an exponential pace, which means that we will need to adapt and learn new things – all the time. ” Mia Kleregård, former CEO, Plantagon Sverige

Work when you want Self-employment and “gigs” replace permanent employment One of the clearest developments in working life is the emergence of the “gig economy”. Working as a freelancer, consultant, or “gig worker" can be undertaken in various ways – for example through recruitment companies, as a sole proprietor, or through an umbrella company. Contracting through an umbrella company entails finding your own contracts and then being employed by an umbrella company while the assignment is ongoing. Indicators point to growth of such alternative forms of employment in the future. Today, almost nine out of ten Swedes can imagine a career as a “gig worker”, relying on project-based employment instead of a traditional one. Some analysts predict that 80 per cent of the global labour force will consist of temporary employees by 2030. Demand for greater flexibility is growing even among permanent employees, and more and more businesses now offer flexible working hours. Ireland recently launched the #FlexIt campaign, in which employees at several companies urged more companies to offer flexible working schedule. In the UK, McDonald's initiated the “Let's talk about flex” campaign, which highlights how important it is for parents to have greater control over their time. In 2014, the Virgin Group implemented a new leave policy under which employees may come and leave work whenever they want, as long as they meet their obligations. The web development company Automattic has no set number of days for holidays; instead employees are encouraged to take off as much time as they need – a policy also adopted by the Swedish consulting company Serendipity Professionals. This company has no specific rules regarding either working hours or holidays; instead, the employees decide for themselves when they wish to work or be on leave, as long as they meet their deadlines and production levels and do not violate the Employment Protection Act or the terms of their employment contract.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Our company has no set working hours and employees may take as much leave as they want. As long as you meet your obligations for delivery, you can come and go as you wish." Kamjar Hajabdolahi, CEO, Serendipity.

Work wherever you want Remote work - the norm for the working life of the

A future trend that will further increase opportu-

future?

nities for working remotely is the development of

Because of digitalisation, a great deal of work can be

augmented reality and virtual reality. Even now,

carried out remotely. According to Stephane Kasriel,

some companies are creating exciting solutions for

CEO of the global freelance platform UpWork, re-

working remotely using such techniques. For exam-

mote work will increase so rapidly in the future that

ple, the consulting firm Deloitte recently adopted

it will become the norm within ten years. Already

a "remote first policy" for meetings, which means

today, many companies make it possible for their

that most meetings are held virtually during which

employees to work outside the office. For example,

employees

Apple has a number of positions for â&#x20AC;&#x153;home workersâ&#x20AC;?,

may be represented by avatars. In Sweden, tech

and the US web development company Automattic

company XMReality has developed AR glasses that

has 800 employees spread out in over 60 countries,

make it possible to provide remote tech support,

but has no office space at all. In 2017, the company

while digital production firm itiden is currently

did have an office in San Francisco, but it was sold

experimenting with the use of VR to provide remote

because so few employees used it. Since the en-

training. The idea is that the teacher wears a VR

tire corporate structure is based on freelance work,

headset and demonstrates for a student, who either

the company made it easy for employees to work

wears a VR headset or uses a browser.

remotely, for example through generous subsidies to set up a home office or to work at coworking offices. In addition to providing employees with greater freedom, remote work may also promote equality. A newly published global study that examined lead-

Coworking

â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the fastest-growing office trend

ership in global virtual teams showed that gender, age and education did not affect success in leader-

The emergence of coworking offices is a clear

ship. In contrast, in physical teams, leaders tend to

sign of the rise of freelancing and that more

be judged based on gender, age, and appearance,

and more people are choosing to work outside

which often results in an advantage for white males. .

the office. Coworking is now the fastest-growing office trend in the world. By 2022, there will be over 30,000 coworking offices worldwide.

Future occupation # 1:

Remote worker Why this occupation is needed For some time, technology has made it easier for employees to more freely choose how, where and when to work. Thanks to AR and VR, even more occupations, such as technicians and installers, can work remotely. This means that more people have control over their work situation, while people and companies located in remote areas or with limited opportunity to move can receive professional help.

Examples of tasks (depending on occupational category)

• Remote guidance for installations • Remote guidance for mechanical repairs • Distance education Examples of skills

• Expertise in the field in which you work remotely • Knowledge of AR/VR • Background in education to be able to provide optimal guidance/training/education

Need for new forms of social protection systems Current regulations are not adapted to alternative forms of work The development of self-employment and freelancing has enabled many people to have control over their own time and careers. Meanwhile, many social protection systems are not adapted to alternative forms of work, for which reason people who do not have permanent employment often fall between the cracks. In the US, where the gig economy has advanced farthest, platforms and initiatives have recently emerged to facilitate and ensure fair conditions for gig workers. For example, freelance platforms Fiverr and AND.CO have created what they call “the first standardised freelance contract with built-in sexual harassment protections”. On the Freelance Circle platform, freelancers in the field of marketing can anonymously rate the agencies they work for, thereby providing freelancers with a voice and the opportunity to find fair agencies. In Sweden, too, discussions are underway regarding the need to improve the safety net for freelancers and the self-employed. The Swedish Federation of Business Owners (Företagarna) conducted a campaign to break the “employment norm”. In addition, the Association of Management and Professional Staff (Ledarna) recently presented a report based on an investigation of the Swedish model, where they hold that the entire labour market should be used as a point of departure – including people who work for their own companies, for umbrella companies, or through platform companies.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The younger generation wants the freedom to have control over their own time and lifestyle, including by taking various gig jobs. But as they age, security becomes more important, and then the employer is expected to have social protection systems in place.â&#x20AC;? Anne-Marie Andric, CHRO iZettle 19

The expert: “The lack of a self-employed model prevents Sweden from fully harnessing its innovative power"

What does this mean in practice and what are the

Anna Troberg, chairperson of DIK, the trade union

made in these matters by 2030?

for culture and communication, is among those pushing for a better safety net for the self-employed and contractors. She believes that Sweden needs a

negative consequences? One example would be when people who are self-employed experience a slump in business, as many do – especially at the beginning – it is difficult to obtain financial assistance, which means they may be forced to close the business in order to receive unemployment benefits. Today, we also see that self-employed people are less likely to take sick leave than employees – not because they are not sick, but because they cannot afford to take sick leave. Starting a business contributes to the national economy and to innovation, but without social protection systems such development comes to a halt. Thus the lack of social protection systems affects both the individual and the national economy. How much progress do you think we will have Hopefully, by 2030 we will have adopted a social protection system that is adapted to the self-employed and freelancers, which will allow us to focus on and

model for the self-employed.

develop other types of support services. Services are

Why is a model for the self-employed necessary?

aspects. One natural development, I think, is that we

The Swedish model and the social protection sys-

will see more humane support to help the self-em-

tems we have today are largely designed based on

ployed and freelancers achieve a more sustainable

people with permanent employment, leaving the

work situation. Examples include mental coaching,

self-employed and freelancers to fall between the

stress management and ensuring that people do not

cracks. This means that we have an entire group of

work too much. Solutions are needed to ensure that

people in the labour market who contribute to the

work environment initiatives also cover the self-em-

economy, but who do not have equal access to the

ployed and contractors, as is clarification of the

social protection system.

client’s responsibility for the work environment.

already available to help with the administrative

Future occupation no. 2:

Gig manager Why this occupation is needed More and more people are becoming self-employed and freelancers, which in many cases means an increase in the freedom to exercise control over the work situation. However, self-employment also entails a number of challenges, such as difficulties in achieving a steady income and an increased risk of burnout. Therefore, a gig manager is needed to help the “gigger" to achieve a more sustainable business and work life by managing both the practical and psychological aspects of working life.

Examples of tasks

• Ensure that the gigger has a steady workflow and income through continuous assignments

• Help the gigger to develop procedures and organise the work day • Ensure that the gigger achieves a good work-life balance • Provide training and coaching in business development and communication skills

Examples of skills

• Finance • Legal affairs • PR/communication • Psychology • Occupational health

Fluid career Increased demands for multiskilling and “The Re-

Already today, both employees and employers have

skilling Revolution”

realised the need for constant skills development.

Not only is working life becoming more flexible be-

In one global survey, almost three of four employees

cause we can work where, when and how we want,

responded that they are ready to learn new skills or

it is also becoming more fluid in that we can jump

retrain in order to remain attractive to the labour

between occupations and workplaces to a greater

market through 2030. More and more companies

extent than in the past. In addition, a development is

are also investing in education, partly through spe-

underway in which occupations are being reshaped

cific subjects such as IT, programming and AI, but

and merged into "hybrid occupations", at the same

also based on a broader definition of learning. For

time that completely new occupations are being

example, employees at Unilever, Mastercard and

created. For example, it is estimated that as many as

Airbnb are encouraged to learn and to broaden their

65 per cent of today’s university students will have

horizons by reading books and articles, and listening

jobs that do not even exist today, and that 85 per

to podcasts and TED talks.

cent of the jobs that will be available in 2030 have not yet been created.

Even the experts we interviewed expressed a consensus that employees of the future need to be pre-

These changes mean that employees in the working

pared to update their knowledge throughout their

life of the future need to become more adaptable,

careers, and that curiosity and a willingness to learn

multiskilled and prepared to further develop their

new things are desirable qualities when recruiting.

skills – a development that the World Economic Forum describes as “the Reskilling Revolution”. Much of this change is driven by developments in AI and automation, which fundamentally transform many occupations and industries. According to McKinsey, by 2030, 75–375 million workers – up to 14 per cent of the global workforce – will be forced to learn, retrain and adapt to new occupations, as a result of increased automation.

56% of Swedes aged 40–55 want to change jobs

“Being really good at several things is becoming increasingly important. At Telenor we’ve shifted from having generalists to double specialists. It’s important for employees to be willing to continue to develop, to constantly build their expertise in order to keep up with today’s fast-moving developments. With this attitude and ambition, you will remain relevant to the business community." Ellinor Axell, head of sales and marketing, Telenor

Key takeaways • Working life is becoming increasingly flexible, which means that we have greater control over when, where and how we work. Meanwhile, current social protection systems still accommodate only traditional forms of employment, leaving many people to fall between the cracks. However, there is a growing demand to adapt these systems to alternative working methods.

• As roles are being reshaped and merged, the demand for multiskills and constant skill development is on the rise. Employees of the future need to be prepared to learn new skills throughout their careers. Curiosity and the desire to grow will be crucial in the working life of the future.

AI & Automation

Discussions in recent years about the working life of the future have been characterised by concern that many people will lose their jobs as a result of developments in artificial intelligence and automation. Concerns that technology will replace people in the labour market are not new; ever since the dawn of industrialism, people have discussed whether technological change will lead to increased unemployment, known as â&#x20AC;&#x153;technological unemploymentâ&#x20AC;?. But at the same time that some jobs disappear as a result of technological developments, many new opportunities will arise. 24

Photo: Furhat Robotics

“Automation will take over some jobs, but at the same time new jobs will be created. For each job that disappears, three new jobs will probably be created.” Mia Kleregård, former CEO, Plantagon Sverige

From concern about “robocalypse” to automation as job creator

Man + machine = dream team

Discussions about the impact of AI and automa-

strengthen the human workforce. In a recent report,

tion have long been characterised by concerns

the World Economic Forum has referred to this ap-

that robots may eventually control us humans and

proach as an “augmentation strategy”.

take over our jobs. For example, Stephen Hawking warned that the development of full artificial intelligence could “spell the end of the human race”, and Kai-Fu Lee, Google China’s former CEO, has warned of an “AI crisis” in which 50 per cent of the world’s jobs are in danger because of AI development.

mal cooperation between human and machine. Rather than talking about how “robots will take our jobs”, much of the current discussion on automation centres on the opportunities that are being created by allowing technology to supplement and

Many companies have already realised that employees of the future will include both humans and machines, for which reason they have begun to formulate strategies to combine the human and mechanical workforces to increase productivity and growth. At companies such as Airbus and Nissan,

And of course there are many examples of how AI

“cobots”, robots that work side by side with people,

and robots have already taken over jobs and tasks

are already a natural component of production. In

that were previously carried out by people. In the

the service sector, AI and robotisation are increas-

spring of 2018, for example, Casper von Koskull, the

ingly used to improve human customer service.

CEO of Nordea, announced that the bank planned to

For example, investment bank Morgan Stanley

replace almost 1,000 jobs with robots and AI before

has equipped 16,000 of its financial advisers with

the end of the year. At the same time, we are seeing

machine learning algorithms to automate routine

more and more predictions and practical examples

tasks, which will allow the advisors to focus more on

that development ultimately actually creates many

customer service. Another example is the start-up

jobs. For example, Amazon, which is known to have

restaurant Creator in San Francisco, where a robot

integrated the use of robots in its operations at an

creates perfect hamburgers, thereby freeing up the

early stage, recently announced that as a result of

employees to take care of hospitality and customer

the streamlined operations and increased growth

service.

due to automation, 300,000 full-time jobs have been created since 2012. In Europe, as a result of technological developments an estimated 23 million jobs were created between 1999 and 2016, representing almost half of all new jobs during the same period. A recently published World Economic Forum report predicted that automation will create 58 million new jobs over the next five years. A growing number of managers and employees realise that AI and automation will be necessary in the working life of the future. A recent study of HR managers and employees in the US showed that almost eight out of ten HR managers and six out of ten employees responded that companies that fail to incorporate AI into their businesses risk negative consequences, such as lower productivity and job 26

The working life of the future entails creating opti-

losses.

AI is also used in healthcare to improve the patient encounter. For example, in China, the health platform Ping A Good Doctor launched an unstaffed medical clinic that uses AI to quickly analyse the patient chart and arrive at a diagnosis. The patient may then speak with a specialist consultant who is able to focus on providing support and showing concern. Cooperation between humans and machines has also given rise to new occupation titles, such as “bot-trainers”, and “bot-curators”, which entail human monitoring and supplementation of AI tools. Both Twitter and Facebook currently employ thousands of people who control their algorithms. In China the fintech platform JD Finance created 3,000 risk management and data analysis jobs to optimise algorithms for digital loans.

A study that explored the impact of AI on 12 countries predicted that AI and collaboration between human and machine will double annual economic growth and increase productivity by 40% by 2035

â&#x20AC;&#x153;In education, development of AI education tools will allow the teacher to have time for a more coaching and inspirational role. Aided by recommendation systems, educational materials can automatically be uniquely adapted for each student based on the needs and knowledge of the student.â&#x20AC;? Viktor Qvarfordt, AI developer Sana Labs 27

(More) human robots and robot colleagues Developments in robotisation are proceeding rapidly. A primary goal of this development is to create robots that are more human. Both Apple and Amazon are currently working on integrating emotional intelligence into their chatbots, and Honda has recently formulated its “3 E” vision, which stands for “Empower, Experience, Empathy” and includes teaching robots to become more empathetic when interacting with people. Robots are now also able to create both music and paintings. Part of such development involves humanising robots by making them into colleagues. For example, in Switzerland, UBS Global Wealth Management Innovation Lab and AI-expert FaceMe developed the avatar “UBS Companion”, a digital clone of the company’s CFO that can conduct conversations with customers and advisers. Meanwhile, in Peking, the Chinese news bureau Xinhua and search engine Sougo.com have developed two avatars of their leading news anchors to improve efficiency and reduce production costs.

The expert: “The strength of the robots is their lack of genuine emotions or interests” At the forefront of robot development is the Swedish start-up company Furhat Robotics. Their mission is to create “life-like” robots that can maintain eye contact and meet customers. The company develops robots of different genders and personalities depending on context, and today their robots can be found, for

example, directing traffic at the airport in Frankfurt. We met Gabriel Skantze, chief scientist at Furhat, to discuss the development of social robots. How close are we to being able to hold a conversation with a robot just as with a human? A robot that is conversant on any subject is still some way off in the future. But we are definitely moving in that direction. You've dedicated considerable effort to developing a three-dimensional head, why? Most social robots are fairly expressionless; many developers ignore how important the face actually is. Facial expressions convey subtle signals and create eye contact, which is extremely important when we interact â&#x20AC;&#x201C; whether with humans or robots. What do you feel will be the biggest applications for social robots in the future? Social robots will be used where their uniqueness is strongest. They primarily have two strengths: access to specific information and their lack of genuine emotions or interests. Because of their access to specific information, they are able to quickly answer specific questions, as in an airport or a store. Their second strength, their lack of genuine emotions or interests, as well as their indefatigability, is perhaps even more important. For example, they can chat with a person with dementia for twelve hours on end, or perform menial tasks around the clock without getting bored or tired. There are even times when it may be easier to deal with a robot than a human. For example when the TV stops working in the middle of a football game, the viewer may have little patience to deal politely with human technical support. In such cases, it may be easier to deal with a robot who simply solves the problem without any expectations of politeness or small talk. It has even been shown that many people find it easier to tell secrets to a robot than to a person. It might seem less difficult to discuss alcoholism or other sensitive matters where the individual might fear being judged. You are developing social robots for various companies and workplaces. What do you find important to keep in mind? The robots must be adapted to the employees and the workplace, not vice versa. People should control them, not the other way around. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s why we adapt the personality depending on purpose, role, company and culture. In part so that the robot fits in with the employees, but also to communicate the brand value and culture to customers.

Future occupation no. 3:

Robot personality designer Why this occupation is needed As social robots become a more common component in workplaces, we need developers who can design context-sensitive robot personalities to ensure that they get along with colleagues and represent the company’s values.

Examples of tasks

• Study social contexts to gain an understanding of social interaction • Analyse the culture and brand of the company in question in order to design robot personalities that fit in with the workplace, for example by adapting to the jargon of the employees and structuring their encounters with customers in a way that reflects the corporate brand.

Examples of skills

• Computer science • AI • Sociology • Psychology • Behavioural science • Design

Photo: Furhat Robotics

Key takeaways â&#x20AC;˘ Exactly how and to what extent AI and automation will affect working life in the future is controversial. However, we can conclude that they will transform most tasks and jobs, by taking over some while also creating new ones. â&#x20AC;˘ As robots become increasingly common, a large proportion of employees of the future will work together with robots in one way or another. And rather than viewing robots as a threat, they should be seen as colleagues who help, streamline, and strengthen the work effort.

3 Human Qualities

Developments in AI are rapidly progressing, and robots are becoming more efficient and human. What is the significance of humans in an ever more digitised working life? An increasingly important role, according to many experts, as the increasing digitalisation and automatisation of working life is expected to increase the demand for distinctly human qualities and characteristics.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Even if we are able to gather a vast amount of data to create customised offerings, empathy will be needed to understand the full complexity of the context when dealing with customers and to be able to put oneself in their place.â&#x20AC;? Maria Idebro, management consultant, management consulting firm Thread. 33

The limitations of robots and their unique human qualities While AI and robots are becoming increasingly advanced and a natural aspect of working life, robots still have a number of limitations. According to many experts, it will take almost three decades before we achieve â&#x20AC;&#x153;technological singularityâ&#x20AC;?, the point when artificial intelligence will surpass the ability of the human brain. And even though robots can work more efficiently and quickly make logical decisions, they still lack an array of important abilities and qualities â&#x20AC;&#x201C; including emotional intelligence, the ability to cooperate and to arrive at decisions based on values, as well as critical, visionary, abstract or creative thinking skills. Such limitations mean that people still play an important role, even within the most automated industries. For example, Toyota factories reinstated people into the production line after realising that while automation did streamline production, it failed to drive the process forward. People also still play a crucial role at Honda factories; Tom Shoupe, COO of the Ohio Honda plant, recently stated that humans have unique qualities such as intuition and sensory abilities that cannot be replaced by machines. Kai-Fu Lee, CEO of Chinese investment company Sinovations, has referred to the irreplaceable qualities that humans possess. At the Davos climate summit, he pointed out that machines will gradually take over tasks in essentially all occupations, but that four qualities and abilities remain that cannot be replaced by machines: creativity, complexity, dexterity and compassion. Even forecasts from the World Bank, the World Economic Forum and McKinsey concerning skills that are expected to become increasingly important in labour markets highlight human qualities such as complex and critical thinking, collaborative ability, creativity and emotional intelligence.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;All currently existing AI is dependent on human expertise in that the target for which the algorithms are to be optimised must be specified.â&#x20AC;? Viktor Qvarfordt, AI developer, Sana Labs.

Empathy economy According to many experts, we live in an “empathy economy”, which means that emotional intelligence and the ability to feel empathy are becoming increasingly important in more areas. For example, New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman coined the term “STEMpathy”, referring to jobs that “blend STEM (science, technology, engineering, maths) skills with human empathy”. In medicine, the field of medical humanities is currently growing, with research underway on how the humanities in healthcare can influence both doctors and patients to become better. For example, one study has shown

that medical students who dedicate time to the arts become more empathetic. And in the US, there are now programmes such as Empathetics and Oncotalk, which train doctors to develop "clinical empathy". One expert who believes that empathy will play an increasingly important role in the working life of the future is Maria Idebro, management consultant at the consulting firm Thread. We asked her in what way, and how she views the meaning of humans in a computer-driven and automated world.

“Mental ill health is spreading; today 50 per cent of all sick leave (in Sweden) is due to mental ill health. Much of this is related to stress and pressure at work and in the puzzle of life as a whole. As the boundaries between private and working life become increasingly blurred, we see that employers play a key role in preventing ill health by assuming a holistic responsibility for their employees. As a result, we see that new job titles are emerging, such as Wellbeing Manager, a job with responsibility for the wellbeing of the workplace. ” Deborah Muhlrad, head of digital health at BlueCall.

The expert: “Regardless of how much data we can gather, empathy is needed to create true understanding”

Today, when parties initiate collaboration they draw

In what way will empathy be important in the

values would then disappear. Because even though

working life of the future?

a robotic receptionist is able to provide the same – or

Empathy will be important in two ways: to under-

perhaps even better and more accurate – answers

stand the individual, and to create understanding

to questions, I believe that in some situations we

between parties. Understanding the individual is

humans will always value human interaction. As ro-

gaining in importance in both product and service

bots are equipped to create art and write books, the

development. Because even if we are able to gather

question of authenticity also arises, and here it is very

a vast amount of data to create customised offer-

much a matter of how the recipient experiences the

ings, empathy will be needed to understand the full

creative work, which can differ from case to case. If

complexity of the context when dealing with cus-

I had read a book that profoundly affected me, and

tomers and the ability to put oneself in their place.

then learnt that it was the product of algorithms,

The second context in which empathy will be im-

I would feel deeply deceived. Yet, I would have no

portant is to create understanding between different

problem with a Netflix movie produced by AI, as

parties. The future will demand greater collaboration

long as it was entertaining. These are complex yet

between various disciplines, companies and indus-

fascinating questions, which I believe we will have to

tries to solve complex problems and challenges.

address to a greater extent in the future.

up agreements to define the practical aspects of the collaboration, while ignoring how they match culturally. Collaboration is challenging, and there is a need for someone, perhaps an external party, to conduct an analysis and create a holistic picture of how the different parties function culturally, and what can be done to promote understanding between different individuals. AI and robots are becoming increasingly creative and social – what does this mean for creative and service occupations? Even if a social robot could be used, for example, at a reception desk, this still begs the question of whether it should actually be done, and in such case what

Future occupation no. 4:

Culture integrator Why this occupation is needed The working life of the future will be more connected and network-oriented. While much can be gained from collaboration, it also poses a number of challenges, such as different targets, views on who has control over different aspects of the collaboration, working methods, and different cultures and jargons. In this context, someone is needed who can handle and facilitate both practical and cultural aspects. This should be an external party or designated department who/that is immune to historical and social considerations, but is able to develop the culture based on the best interests of both profitability and the employees.

Examples of tasks

• Analyse the operational and structural strengths and shortcomings of the company to assess what should be included in the collaboration and what should be left behind Interview employees at different levels in the different companies to identify both shared and differentiating characteristics.

•

Examples of skills

• Finance • Organisation theory • Social psychology • Sociology • Behavioural science • Management

The experts reply: What human qualities can robots never replace? Ellinor Axell, head of sales and marketing, Telenor “I believe in the physical, the human encounter – for example, when you have to take crucial, complex and/or emotional decisions – then you want an actual flesh and blood adviser. We humans are complex beings, and when it comes to understanding and meeting complex needs, robots cannot beat human sensitivity and intelligence.” Mia Kleregård, former CEO, Plantagon Sverige “Humans are unique because we can innovate, create new things and think completely crazy. Robots will never be able to beat us when it comes to innovation.” Sven Wolf, co-founder and CEO, Bzzt “The importance of the human encounter is one of my favourite subjects. For example, I’m convinced that, despite the developments in driverless transport systems, taxi drivers will continue to exist for at least the next twenty years, and maybe forever. Consider the restaurant world: even though we can order food through a take-away window, we still prefer to eat with other people and we appreciate human service. Quite simply, there is social added value that cannot be ignored.” Gabriel Skantze, chief scientist, Furhat Robotics “There is something about things that are made by hand, and not by machine, that people value. For example, most people are prepared to pay more for a loaf of bread that is home-baked rather than machine-baked, or a hand-made rather than a mass-produced butter knife. Made-by-hand represents an authenticity that robots cannot deliver.”

The irreplaceable human encounter As working remotely becomes increasingly common, it has been discussed for some time whether there will be any need for offices in the future. In recent times, however, we have seen signs that companies are beginning to recognise the value of physical encounters, especially those that are spontaneous, because they are important for creativity, inspiration and knowledge sharing. For example, at the Boston Consulting Group's new New York office, the space has been designed to maximise the “collision coefficient”, the number of encounters between employees. Even our experts are convinced that the physical encounter will continue to be important in the working life of the future. Patrik Åström, CEO, Helio: “I believe in ‘analogisation’ of the workplace. Even though we can work anywhere, the human, physical encounter will remain indispensable. It’s one of the areas that we at Helio are focusing on and developing most right now – how do we achieve more spontaneous meeting places?” Ellinor Axell, head of sales and marketing, Telenor “The human encounter is extremely important. We have open spaces to encourage more physical interaction among employees, and to facilitate cooperation in completely new ways.” Anna Troberg, chairperson of DIK: “We are social animals, we want to have people around us. Even if we may be a one-person company that freelances, people still want to be part of a social context. That’s why coworking sites will become more common.”

Key takeaways

• As work becomes more automated, people are given more space to focus on skills at which humans excel – and which robots (as yet) cannot replace, such as critical thinking and social skills. Empathy is predicted to be one of the most important human advantages that people have over robots. The ability to see the big picture and to put oneself into someone else’s shoes and understand how other people feel will be important qualities in the future, partly in product and service development and partly in promoting successful collaboration between parties, both within and between companies. Even though we can carry out most jobs remotely, physical (random) encounters will remain an important source of knowledge sharing and inspiration. The role of the office is changing from a place where we work, to a place where we can meet and be inspired by others.

•

Sustainability

The gap between where we are in terms of emissions and where we need to be to reach climate targets has widened. In order to limit global warming to a maximum of two degrees Celsius compared with pre-industrial times by 2030, countries all over the world must triple their measures to address climate change, according to a UN report released in late 2018. We are now seeing stricter regulations and ambitious sustainability initiatives in most industries, a development that creates both more and new types of jobs.

“Those companies that do not act sustainably will not exist in the future.” Mia Kleregård, former CEO, Plantagon Sverige

The re-era

EU member states reached a provisional agreement

From linear to circular

plastic plates, straws and food packaging made of

A paradigm shift is currently underway in indus-

certain types of plastics. If everything goes as expect-

try. While sustainability initiatives in the past have

ed, the measures will go into effect in 2021.

with the European Commission and the European Parliament to ban items such as plastic cutlery,

entailed reducing negative climate impacts, the present and future are about regenerating, restoring

As in other movements, the sustainability trend is re-

the ecosystem and rebalancing the climate. More

flected in the use of language. For example, in 2018,

and more companies are transitioning from linear

the term “single-use” was at the top of the list of

to circular models. Business cycles based on the sale

words of the year of the British Collins Dictionary, as

of new raw materials and products are being aban-

usage of the term had quadrupled since 2013. Mean-

doned in favour of recycling, regardless of whether

while, in Sweden, also in 2018, “zero waste” – the goal

they involve energy, textiles, food or plastic.

of not producing any waste that cannot be recycled

Major investments in the circular economy are also

or composted – was on the list of new words main-

being made at the political level. In April 2018, Swe-

tained by the Swedish Language Council and the

den appointed a circular economy delegation. The

publication Språktidningen.

aim of the delegation includes identifying obstacles, as well as the need for education and information about the circular economy. And in December 2018,

“The Paris Agreement and other global commitments mandate a shift in industry. We will no longer be able to use virgin materials as we have done to this point – textile reuse and recycling must grow. Because production of virgin materials has been so inexpensive until now, the technology to recycle materials lags behind. Economically competitive alternatives are needed to achieve a faster transition towards a circular industry.” Harald Cavalli-Björkman, head of communications, Re:newcell.

Job-creating green sectors Sustainability initiatives create both new and more jobs. According to the International Labor Organization (ILO), efforts to achieve the Paris climate agreement targets will create 18 million jobs by 2030, while adoption of the circular economy will create

Green AI Blockchain technology is a new technology that is expected to create both sustainability solutions and jobs within an array of industries. In May 2018,

an additional six million jobs.

blockchain knowledge was the fastest-growing skill

As previously mentioned, the green transition is

platform. During the first quarter of the year, the skill

occurring in all sectors. Here we have selected some areas that we think are particularly exciting, and which show how sustainability solutions can create more and new types of jobs.

among over 5,000 skills on the Upwork freelance increased by 6,000 per cent on the Upwork Skill Index compared with the same period in 2017. A World Economic Forum report identifies over 65 different ways a blockchain can be applied to the

Green energy Over the past decade, renewable energy has made rapid progress, creating jobs around the world. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency, in 2017 half a million new jobs were created worldwide in the renewable energy sector. In the US, the Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that the occupations of solar panel installer and wind turbine technician will increase by 105 and 96 per cent, respectively, between 2016 and 2026, making them

world's most acute climate challenges, for example through automatic disaster preparedness. The report also identifies eight “game changers” through which blockchain technology can fundamentally transform how the world manages its natural resources, for example by decentralising administration of natural resources, and by creating more transparent supply chains. In the food industry, blockchain solutions are described as a way to create both safer and more

the country’s two fastest-growing occupations.

sustainable food chains. In the fall of 2018, the IBM

In Sweden, which is well ahead of the curve, re-

try, was launched, enabling the entire supply chain

searchers estimate that renewable energy investments will create 40,000 completely new jobs. All over the country, a number of start-ups have created

Food Trust, a blockchain solution for the food industo be mapped and tracked. A number of major players such as Nestlé, Dole Food, Tyson Foods, Kroger and Unilever have joined the platform.

innovative solutions that are driving the development of renewable energy. One example is Modvion, which uses a modular wooden structure to build wind turbines that are taller, less expensive and generate more electricity. In 2019, the company will test a prototype in the Gothenburg archipelago.

Just what is a blockchain? A blockchain can be described as shared information that is maintained and updated by a network of computers rather than a central authority. It can be viewed as a glass box, in which everyone can see all transactions that

8 of 10

are and will be protected using advanced cryptography.

Swedes believe it is important to create a world that is fully powered by renewable energy

Green consultation Since the turn of 2016/2017, large companies in Sweden have been required to provide a sustainability report in addition to their annual report. This has helped to raise the status of sustainability, which is now both a priority and a strategic issue at most companies. According to a new report from PwC in which over 400 Swedish companies, municipalities and non-profit organisations were interviewed, more than eight out of ten responded that they have set sustainability targets. Meanwhile, although most organisations have set ambitious sustainability goals, internal expertise lags behind. The same study showed that only 16 per cent of respondents fully agreed with the assertion that they possessed the necessary in-house skills. Many companies therefore turn to external parties for assistance. According to the Confederation of Swedish Enterprise (Svenskt NĂ¤ringsliv), the number of sustainability consultants has surged since the sustainability issue has come into focus. Currently, several communication agencies specialise in sustainability issues, such as Futerra and Exponentials. Another example is the environmental consultancy firm Normative, which uses AI to find out whether companies are investing in appropriate environmental and climate improvements.

Future occupation no. 5:

Climate auditor Why this occupation is needed In the sustainable future, companies are required to report not only their financial performance, but also their environmental footprint on the world. However, many companies lack expertise in climate issues in relation to financial performance, and therefore need external help to both analyse and report on their sustainability initiatives. They also need help formulating strategies on how businesses can transition from linear to circular, and perhaps even become “climate-positive”.

Examples of tasks

• Monitor, analyse and report on the climate footprint of companies

• Formulate strategies to reduce climate impact Examples of skills

• Energy and the environment • Science • Climate economics • Finance • Legal affairs

Green cities In recent years, the urban farming movement has spread worldwide, and investments are being made in many large cities, partly in courtyards and on roofs, but also indoors and underground using hydroponics and vertical farming methods. This means planting vertically and that the roots of the crops obtain their nutrients from water that circulates, which requires less than 10 per cent of the water used for conventional farming.

Every fifth Swede believes that they will meet an urban farmer in the store in 2030 In China, vertical farming company Plenty was recently funded by investors such as Softbankâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Vision Fund and Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos to build 300 vertical farms in the country. And in the UK, the possibility of converting some of the country's 150,000 closed coal mines for hydroponic farming is being explored, which not only means more sustainable farming, but also creates jobs in areas that have suffered from economic instability since the coal mine closures in the 1980s.

According to National Geographic, urban farming is one of the fastest-growing green jobs worldwide Several exciting initiatives in hydroponic farming are also being undertaken in Sweden. One example is the food tech company Green, which boasts Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest vertical farm in an industrial building just outside Huddinge centre, where a harvest of about 80,000 pots of herbs and lettuce per month is expected â&#x20AC;&#x201C; which will be nearly one million pots per year. Another example is Ikea, which recently announced plans to become self-sufficient in lettuce through hydroponic farming in containers outside their stores.

The expert: “By 2030, vertical farming will be a natural part of the urban scene” One pioneer in vertical farming is Plantagon. The company has farms in locations such as the basement of the DN skyscraper in Stockholm, where herbs and leafy vegetables are under cultivation. We met Mia Kleregård, former CEO of Plantagon’s production company in Sweden, for a discussion on the future of sustainability and urban farming. How would you describe the current state of the sustainability issue? Sustainability is one of the most important issues of our time. Only recently have we, both consumers and businesses, realised that our previous way of life is unsustainable. The formula of consuming as much as possible and using up the earth's resources in order to deliver profits every quarter simply does not equate, which is why we are sitting where we are today. Increased consumption does not increase happiness, and that’s what people are beginning to realise on a large scale. What requirements will be made on businesses of the future when it comes to sustainability? The demands for businesses to become sustainable are enormous and this process keeps moving forward. The time when we could accept just “doing less badly” is behind us; now it is a question of creating circular processes, or even contributing with a positive impact. Businesses that are not sustainable will no longer exist by 2030. How far will we have come in vertical farming by 2030? By 2030, vertical farming will be a natural part of urban planning and the urban scene. Neighbourhoods will be built from the standpoint of symbiotic thinking, where people will have access to food and offices near home in order to reduce their climate impact. Looking a bit further into the future, by about 2050 around 70 per cent of the world’s population will live in urban areas. At that point, it will no longer be sustainable to continue farming outside cities. Plantagon’s vision is to make cities all over the world more self-sufficient through urban farming. We hope that large-scale vertical urban farming will help to solve food shortages in the future, while also helping to create jobs in vulnerable regions. Vertical farming is clearly the future. What type of skills do you look for when recruiting? In part, basic knowledge is required in areas such as agriculture and technology. However, I would say that the most important qualities are passion, innovation and entrepreneurship. As a company, we want to rejuvenate and create things that do not yet exist, and that requires an ability to think outside of the box.

Future occupation no. 6:

Vertical farmer Why this occupation is needed

As the population of the earth increases and more people move into urban areas, sustainable farming alternatives will be required. The future of agriculture is the vertical farmer who works locally using new technology to produce healthy, climate-smart fresh produce.

Examples of tasks

• Create new farming methods • Product development Examples of skills

• Energy and the environment • Science • Biology • Agriculture • Hydroponics

Key takeaways

• Sustainability is one of the most important and most critical issues of our time. As sustainability issues become part of corporate strategies, and new technologies are developed, new needs arise and along with them, new jobs. By adding expertise in climatology, biology and agriculture, the doors will open to new and exciting occupations. Today’s nine-to-fiver may become tomorrow’s underground farmer?

•

Purpose & Ethics

We live in a time when values govern both consumer choices and career choices. The ability of businesses to show that they are promoting positive social development will become increasingly critical for them to be able to legitimise their very existence. Another of the most important ethical issues of our time involves handling of data, which in a data-driven world is an issue that essentially all businesses must address.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;How is it possible to even imagine a future in which businesses find it acceptable to exploit people and the planet? I view companies that fail to accept their social responsibility as a temporary fundamental error in the system, like a bug in the entire capitalist system, which is now being rectified.â&#x20AC;? Sven Wolf, CEO and co-founder of the battery-driven taxi company Bzzt

Values govern career choices

One of ten Swedes do not consider their work to be meaningful

For a growing number of individuals in the devel-

According to the most recent Jobbhälsoindex

oped world, the primary purpose of work is not to

[Job Health Index] survey, one in ten employ-

make money, but instead to feel that they are mak-

ees in Sweden do not find their work to be

ing a positive contribution to society. The millennial

meaningful. However, the percentages vary

generation, which will comprise two thirds of the

greatly among different age groups and indus-

global workforce by 2025, is especially value-driven;

tries.

in a global study conducted by Deloitte, six out of ten millennials responded that a sense of purpose

In healthcare, school and social services, only 1

was one of the reasons they chose to work for their

in 20 do not find their jobs to be meaningful,

current employer.

while in manufacturing and retail, 3 of 20 do not find their jobs to be meaningful.

“The younger generation, which will dominate the labour market in the future, is extremely value-driven. For example, they would not want to sell a washing machine – unless the washing machine contributes to a higher purpose.” Mia Kleregård, former CEO, Plantagon Sverige

In a value-driven workforce, leadership plays an important role in communicating the values of the company. Lernia conducted a survey in which nine out of ten Swedish employees responded that it is important for the manager to clearly communicate the values of the company, and three out of four said that they would have difficulty working for a manager who displayed the wrong values. Many leadership experts hold that it will be increasingly important for the leadership of the future to act as inspirational visionaries who communicate the corporate vision while fostering commitment and a sense of meaning among employees. “To retain expertise, it is important to focus on the internal culture. It is not sufficient to recruit X number of women to fill the quota; instead, we must ensure that the culture is inclusive and foster gender equality, so that people feel welcome and will want to stay.” Maureen Hoppers head of communications Riksteatern

Younger employees are generally less inclined to view their work as meaningful than older employees. Among males age 30 or younger, 16 per cent do not consider their jobs to be meaningful, while the corresponding figure among women age 55 or older is 6 per cent.

From CSR initiative to a higher purpose as a starting point Today it is no longer sufficient for businesses to occasionally donate to random charity projects in order to portray themselves as responsible. Such initiatives now tend to be viewed as “purpose washing”. As a result of a series of scandals that have revealed discriminatory internal cultures, the demands for transparency are also increasing. To inspire credibility and loyalty, companies need to demonstrate that they have a higher purpose that defines their identity, one that permeates the entire organisation and that practises what it preaches. Meanwhile, consumers have realised that “doing good” and “earning money” are not necessarily contradictory; a global survey by Edelman showed that three out of four respondents feel that corporate actions may both increase profits and improve social and economic conditions in the areas where they operate. And social responsibility certainly pays off. In 2017, for example, Unilever's sustainability-classed brands grew almost 50 per cent faster than the others, and accounted for 70 per cent of the company's sales growth.

“For the younger generation, diversity and inclusion issues are incredibly important. Employers who do not consider these issues seriously will find it difficult to compete for the best talent. " Anne-Marie Andric, CHRO, iZettle

“Within the world of fashion, there is enormous pressure to be socially responsible. It’s a highly visible industry in which attractive brands cannot be associated with operations that contribute to terrible consequences in the world.” Harald Cavalli-Björkman, head of communications, Re:newcell.

The expert: “It's difficult to imagine a future in which companies do not accept their social responsibility”

to start something new, we wanted it to be some-

Many of today’s start-up companies are based on

a bug in the entire capitalist system, which is now

a desire to have some kind of positive impact on society. Ica conducted a survey of 100 Swedish startup companies, in which seven out of ten responded that accepting social responsibility is an important incentive for their operations. One company that was started precisely to fulfil a desire to improve society is the battery-powered taxi company Bzzt. We met co-founder Sven Wolf to discuss the future of social entrepreneurship and the challenges of growing as a purpose-driven company. What prompted you to start Bzzt? I have gradually realised that I want to focus my energy on something bigger than myself and my own wallet. Some friends, including those who later became co-founders of Bzzt, and I had a loose network in which we tossed around various business ideas, and how to combine social benefit with business benefit – for example, in the borderland between sustainability and mobility. We all felt that if we were

thing that would actually be of benefit to society. This was really the fundamental driving force when we started the company. How common will it be in the future for fundamental business ideas to be oriented towards a positive social impact? I’d like to turn that statement around: how is it possible to even imagine a future in which businesses find it acceptable to exploit people and the planet? For example, how is it possible to justify to customers, partners and subcontractors that, just because we’re a large old established company, it’s okay to use child labour or to deplete the earth's resources faster than is sustainable? You can’t. They will be driven out unless they change their core values. I view this as a temporary fundamental error in the system, like being rectified. What challenges do you encounter as a purpose-driven company? As the business grows and becomes established in more markets, there is a risk that the purpose itself will be forgotten, or not adhered to internally. Therefore it will be necessary for people to ensure that the visions of the company and its very DNA continue to survive. For older established companies that are not based on a “higher purpose” – is it all over for them? If there is no higher purpose in the company’s DNA, then management must approach the customers or the employees to see how the organisation can improve their lot. We often talk about the English word “why” – what is the “why” of the individual and what is the “why” of the organisation? The more they coincide, the more purpose-driven and powerful it becomes.

Future occupation no. 7:

Ethics developer Why this occupation is needed Demands are growing from both employees and consumers for companies to accept their corporate social responsibility. Meanwhile, some companies are finding it difficult to precisely identify and define their higher purpose. Other companies strive to do good, but find it difficult to transition from ambition to action, while those that are taking measures to improve society do not always know how to communicate such actions. And those companies that were founded based on a higher purpose are at risk of losing sight of it as they expand. Consequently, businesses may need help with everything from identifying and communicating to retaining their higher purpose.

Examples of tasks (depending on occupational category)

• Help companies to define, communicate and adhere to a higher purpose • Ensure that the company follows sustainable and ethical guidelines and focuses on the needs and best interests of its users and customers

• Ensure that subcontractors adhere to ethical and sustainable practices and do not contribute to slavery, child labour, corruption or other unethical and illegal activities Develop a consistent approach to the company's business development and use of data

•

Examples of skills

• Finance • Ethics • Philosophy

Secure and ethical of data

handled; according to a survey conducted by securi-

The amount of data generated continues to increase

ten responded that they did not feel more confident

each year, and by 2020, each person on earth will generate an estimated 1.7 MB of data per second. To ensure that data are readily accessible, cloud services are often used to store them, including a large portion which is sensitive. In recent years we have witnessed a number of scandals linked to handling of data and how they are either at risk of being disseminated or used for nefarious purposes. The revelation that analytics company Cambridge Analytica collected personal information about millions of Facebook users – in many cases without their knowledge – and subsequently used that information for purposes such as helping Donald Trump in the 2016 election, and that the web service Unroll.me sold user data to other companies, are just two in a long

ty company NTT Security, only one in three Swedes responded that the GDPR has made them feel more confident that their personal data are being handled more securely than before, while more than four in about how their personal data were handled. Create new jobs and services As data collection becomes increasingly common in more and more companies and industries, the demand for expertise in IT security is growing, thereby creating new occupations linked to data management. In 2018, network and information security ranked tenth on LinkedIn's list of in-demand hard skills that companies needed most, and in January 2019, cloud-based CRM provider Salesforce hired a “chief ethical and human use officer”, whose job is to ensure that their technology and data are handled ethically within the company. New forms of initiatives and platforms are also emerging that are aimed

line of examples.

The cost of cybercrime is estimated to reach USD 3 trillion by 2020

75% of executives globally consider cybersecurity to be a top priority for their companies, but only 16% are well prepared to withstand network risks

The global network security market is expected to be worth more than USD 248 billion by 2023 at increasing security and consumer control over data and security. At the end of 2016, a group of AI researchers from Apple, Amazon, DeepMind, Google, Facebook, IBM and Microsoft formed the Partnership on AI to Benefit People and Society, a non-profit organisation aimed at studying and formulating leading methods of AI technology to increase public understanding of AI, and to act as an open platform

As a result, a debate has emerged regarding handling of personal data and data security. For example, Apple CEO Tim Cook recently called for stricter privacy protections and passage of digital rights legislation in the US. In January 2018, the World Economic Forum announced a new global cybersecurity centre, and in May of the same year, Sweden and other EU countries adopted the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), under which companies and organisations have been forced to review how they collect, process and store personal data. Despite implementation of the GDPR, many Swedes continue to feel insecure about how their personal data are 58

for discussion and engagement relating to AI and its impact on people and society at large. Another example is the Dectify platform, which helps companies protect their websites by gathering knowledge from 120 top-ranked “friendly hackers”. The platform is an Amazon Web Services partner and recently received backing from venture capital firm Insight Venture Partners to enter the US market. Another example is the Loomia platform, which gives consumers full control over their personal data by allowing them to choose to keep their data private, or to sell it securely.

Future occupation no. 8:

Cloud guard Why this occupation is needed In the future, the vast majority of companies will handle large amounts of sensitive data. A service will be needed to ensure that the data are handled correctly and stored securely.

Examples of tasks (depending on occupational category)

• Ensure that data are handled correctly and stored securely • Administer the cloud and negotiate the best possible cloud solution for the company from the standpoint of security and sustainability, as well as from a commercial standpoint

Examples of skills

• Programming • IT security • Ethics

Key takeaways

• Companies will face increasing demand to

•

demonstrate that their purpose is consistent with improving society at large – and that they practice what they preach – in order to attract employees and consumers. The ability to define the “why” of the company will be crucial for the company of the future. Increased data collection allows for more personalised services and products, at the same time that there is a risk that data will be misused or disseminated. This increases demands on companies to ensure secure and ethical handling of information. 59

6 Health

One of the most exciting trends in the field of healthcare is the development of individualised health. As a result of individualised health, along with technological developments, more and more health data are being generated. Collecting and analysing data will result in more efficient health services and promote preventive care. One major healthcare challenge is the aging population. Swedes are living longer, and the number of older people is increasing. Today the average life expectancy for men is almost 81 years and for women just over 84 years, and by 2028, the number of people aged 80 and older is expected to be 255,000 more than in 2018, an increase of 50 per cent. 60

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Tomorrowâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s healthcare will be individualised, preventive and efficient." Frida Lundmark, programme director, Vinnova. 61

Hyperpersonalised healthcare Diagnosis and counselling based on your unique DNA and lifestyle For some time now, digital aids such as wearables

Another area that is driving developments in individ-

(devices that are incorporated into clothing or can be

ualised health is the adoption of precision medicine.

worn on the body and can measure various health

Precision medicine, also known as “individualised

conditions through technology such as scanning

treatment" and “individualised medicine”, is based

or sensors) have enabled us to measure our own

on the DNA of the individual and how genetic fac-

parameters and performance. Development of self-

tors interact with environmental and lifestyle factors.

tests has also made it easier and more common for

In Swedish healthcare, major precision medicine

people to learn about their genes and DNA. In the

initiatives are currently being implemented, such

US, 12 million people have had their DNA analysed

as Genomic Medicine Sweden, which will establish

by companies such as 23andMe and AncestryDNA.

precision medicine in healthcare on a national level.

In Japan, Nestlé launched a platform that provides

Vinnova has contributed almost SEK 44 million to

customers with personal nutrition guidelines based

the initiative, which in total amounts to more than

on their dietary habits, DNA and blood test results.

SEK 84 million. We talked to Frida Lundmark, who is

Users send photos of the food they eat to the ser-

project manager for the initiative at Vinnova, about

vice via an app, which assesses their susceptibility to

developments in individualised health.

common illnesses such as high blood pressure and diabetes based on DNA analysis and blood tests. They then receive personalised dietary counselling and specially formulated vitamin supplements.

The global market for genetic testing is expected to increase from about USD 8.83 billion in 2017 to USD 19.11 billion by 2024 – an annual growth rate of just over 12% from 2018 to 2024 62

The expert: “Once precision medicine becomes established the entire healthcare system will change” Today anyone can order home DNA test kits; how do you view this trend? It’s a positive trend because it helps more people to gain insight into the state of their health and whether they are at risk of suffering from certain diseases, which enables them to monitor their health and act preventively to reduce the risk of becoming ill. Such information is complex and may be quite sensitive;

some people may not wish to know their results, which may also be difficult to interpret. For this reason, counselling and support need to be linked with the tests – both before, to ensure that individuals understand the implications of the results and have time to reflect and decide just how much they actually want to know, and afterwards, to provide an interpretation of the results along with appropriate counselling if needed. Precision medicine has been described as “the holy grail” for healthcare of the future. What are the main benefits? Today, healthcare mainly involves helping people who are already sick. In many cases, it can take a long time to arrive at the correct diagnosis, which is stressful for the individual, while also costing considerable time and resources for the healthcare system. Precision medicine increases the ability to act preventively in the long term, thereby reducing the risk of becoming ill, while people who are already ill will receive the correct diagnosis faster, thereby facilitating correct treatment at an earlier stage. Hopefully, more patients will have a greater chance of receiving effective treatment, while saving time and resources for the healthcare system. How will precision medicine change the need for skills and the way people work in healthcare? Precision medicine will mean major changes in how people work in healthcare. Vast quantities of data will be created, which in turn will require skills in data analysis and AI to build analytical models that can efficiently handle and analyse the data. Bioinformaticians will also be needed to interpret the data for doctors. I believe that skills in psychology, philosophy and ethics will become increasingly important for assessment of how data are to be handled. Examples include how to handle ethical issues and how to optimally present the information, based on the different circumstances of the individual. On a socio-economic level, health economics will become incredibly important in healthcare in the future, to be able to carry out health economic analyses of the effects of the implementation of precision medicine. In practical terms, it will be even more important to work closely in teams around the patient, to optimally leverage the specific skills and knowledge of each profession. Working in silos will not be appropriate; instead, a more teamwork-oriented approach encompassing all skills will be needed. 63

Future occupation no. 9:

DNA coach Why this occupation is needed

While an increasing number of people are able to measure their health parameters, it may be still be difficult to understand the data, and/or act on it. That is why a DNA coach is needed to help the individual to interpret the data and to develop individualised diet and exercise plans, both to reduce existing health problems and for preventive purposes.

Examples of tasks

• Provide lifestyle and dietary advice based on analysis of the customer's DNA in order to improve both mental and physical well-being Monitor adherence to the coach’s recommendations such as using wearables and by measuring and assessing how the body reacts to the new lifestyle in order to optimise diet and exercise

•

Examples of skills

• Genetics • Nutrition • Behavioural science • Psychology

Aging population – challenges and opportunities More people are growing older, but remaining younger at heart Swedes are living longer than ever and the propor-

Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of

tion of older people is increasing. Older people are

Social Services, to develop knowledge support that

also becoming increasingly active. Age 65 is no lon-

can provide guidance to municipalities in order to

ger viewed as a cue to retire and pull back – instead,

promote social stimulation and participation among

many see it as the beginning of a new active period

older people through training in and use of digital

in life. In a US study, eight of ten respondents stat-

technology. In many municipalities, initiatives are

ed that they see aging as an opportunity to achieve

currently underway to improve the digital skills of

new goals, and three fourths said that aging provides

older people, including through IT coaches. The

time to pursue passions that previously did not fit

coaches are themselves older people who train and

into their lives.

help other seniors with digital technology.

Today’s seniors also work until they are older. For

One person who helps older people to understand

men age 60-64, workforce participation increased

technology and avoid exclusion in today's society

from 55 to 75 per cent between the late 1990s and

is Gunilla Yhuel Sätterberg, who was named 2018

2017. For women in the same age group, workforce

Volunteer of the Year. Her accomplishments include

participation was almost 70 per cent in 2017.

starting a “mobile junta” at SeniorNet Botkyrka, where seniors help each other to understand smart-

Loneliness among the elderly and digital activity

phones and tablets. We spoke with Gunilla about the

as a cure

benefits of being active online as a senior.

In recent years, widespread involuntary loneliness has received increasing attention. Most studies show that involuntary loneliness has negative consequences for both mental and physical health, and today loneliness is referred to as one of the common public health challenges of our time. Statistics show that loneliness in the form of social isolation increases with age. Quite simply, as partners and friends become ill and die, and physical energy and mobility decline, there is resultant natural decrease in social contexts. Research shows that training in, and use of, computers and the Internet can reduce loneliness among older people. Although many seniors are becoming increasingly active on the Internet, a large proportion of the elderly still live in “digital exclusion”. The Public Health Agency of Sweden has therefore initiated a collaborative project with the National Board of Health and Welfare, the Swedish Agency for Participation, Forte and the Swedish Agency for

Seniors increasingly digitally active • Almost seven of ten people age 55 and older are active on social media and the Internet several times a day. • Two thirds of seniors are active on some form of social media, where Facebook and Instagram are most popular: over nine of ten are on Facebook and almost half are on Instagram. • Almost two-thirds use social media to stay in touch with friends, and almost six of ten to stay in touch with family and relatives, while around half follow various interest groups.

The digital coach: “Social media promote social contact – both online and offline” Why is it important for older people to learn to use the Internet? People who don’t keep up, are at risk of being left out, in various ways. As society becomes increasingly digital, older people are left out, especially in relation to social and government services such as the Care Guide, Mobile BankID and the Swedish Tax Agency. The Internet is also an important place for both creating and maintaining social contacts. Research shows that training in, and use of, computers and the Internet can reduce loneliness among older people. How can Internet use reduce loneliness among the elderly? The Internet is an incredibly important tool for both maintaining existing and creating new contacts, both digitally and in real life. Skype, Facebook and Instagram make it possible for older people to stay in touch with friends, children and grandchildren when they don’t have the energy or physical opportunity to see them in person. They can now talk to them by video and follow their everyday lives. Facebook has many interest groups that can bring people with common interests together. For example, genealogy is very popular among older people and provides an opportunity to find others who share this interest, both online and through physical encounters. Instagram allows people to share their interests, their daily lives and things they have tried with others. The Internet allows people sitting alone in an apartment to find some pleasure and reduce their loneliness through contact with their friends, children and grandchildren, by both following and writing comments.

Future occupation no. 10:

Oldfluencer Why this occupation is needed

People in Sweden are getting older and their time as pensioners is being prolonged. The image of a pensioner is beginning to change, and today retirement does not mean sitting at home, but can instead be the start of a new active period in life. For example, many older people are now active in social media where they share their lives and inspire others to embrace a more social and active lifestyle.

Examples of tasks

• Inspire others to embrace a more active and social lifestyle • Test and assess products and services • Create social venues Examples of skills

• PR & communication

Key takeaways

• Self-testing enables individuals to have more con•

•

trol over their health, but increases the need for help with interpretation of data and coaching to modify behaviour. Implementation of precision medicine increases the number of skills needed in healthcare, including IT, health economics, ethics and philosophy, as well as the need for collaboration involving various skills and occupations. An increase in digital participation is an important tool for reducing social exclusion among older people.

Conclusion Big challenges create big opportunities

ing life of the future. Companies must meet growing

What are the lessons learnt from this report? Here

with climate change, healthcare and digitalisation.

are some of the insights that we feel are most inter-

In addition, employees will face growing demands

esting.

to become increasingly multiskilled and always be

demands to take concrete actions that demonstrate how they make positive contributions to society in order to legitimise their very existence. Moreover, we will see an increased need for collaboration between various disciplines, companies and industries in order to solve the complex problems associated

prepared to improve and update their skills in order The importance of innovative thinking and

to remain relevant in the labour market.

a desire to learn

It is clear that we face major global and complex so-

In other words, todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s trends will be accompanied

cial challenges, and that societal change is occurring

by increased demands on both businesses and

at an exponentially accelerating pace and in unpre-

employees, and above all will create new opportuni-

dictable ways. The growing threat of climate change,

ties such as more and new exciting jobs, which we

technological and digital upheavals and increased

believe many in the current workforce can transition

data collection, combined with increasingly aware

into using a minimum of resources. By daring to try

and critical consumers, are some of the hallmarks of

something new, and to follow their interests and

our time and will have a major impact on the work-

passions, more people will be able to find a job to

their liking while also making a positive contribution

“DQ” that may be viewed as a parallel to an “emotion-

to society at large. Among our experts, there is con-

al quotient” or “EQ” – that pertains to being an aware,

sensus that passion and proper attitude – to show

critical, purpose-driven and understanding human

interest, curiosity and openness, a desire to learn and

being. Quite simply, everything that machines are

to think innovatively - are qualities that employers

not capable of achieving – yet. As we stated by way

increasingly seek and value, over a formal degree. To

of introduction, which has become apparent in this

a great extent the working life of the future will likely

report, it is impossible to exactly predict the working

entail learning on the job and from fellow employ-

life of the future. However, we can be sure that an

ees. If you have a passion for your job, it will be easier

exciting era awaits those who will be working in the

and more fun to keep up with developments.

future.

Indispensable human value in a digitised and auto-

In addition to being interesting and educational,

mated working world.

the report has raised some additional questions and

Another interesting and positive insight we have

stimulated the desire to continue to discuss future

gained by delving deeper into developments in

challenges and opportunities related to the working

various areas linked to working life is the increased

life of the future. We will do so in a variety of con-

importance of humans and their unique qualities.

texts, so please visit our website and follow us on

Because along with – and largely because of – the in-

social media to access the latest information and to

creasingly digitised, computer-driven and automat-

share your own thoughts.

ed working life, we see that values, purpose, ethics, creativity and empathy are crucial. One might even

See you at TRR.se!

imagine that employees of the future will be evaluated from the standpoint of a “decency quotient” or 71

McDonald’s promotes non-traditional working with ‘Let’s talk about flex’ campaign Employee Benefits, 2018

List of sources

Why we’re letting Virgin staff take as much holiday as they want Virgin, 2014 Jobs at Apple – Make your passion your profession Apple, 2018

Megatrends

New research: Greater gender equality with remote work [in Swedish] Dagens Nyheter, 2017

2018 Revision of World Urbanization Prospects United Nations, 2018

How Flexible Are Your Flexible Work Policies? Forbes, 2018

2018 Global Digital Report – Essential Insights Into Internet, Social Media, Mobile, And Ecommerce Use Around The World We Are Social & Hootsuite, 2018

XM Reality meets AR wave [in Swedish] Elektroniktidningen, 2018

The new World Robotics Report International Federation of Robotics, 2018 2018 Global Wellness Economy Monitor Global Wellness Institute, 2018

A new standard work contract aims to protect freelancers from sexual harassment Quartz, 2018

Largest population increase expected among the oldest [in Swedish] Statistics Sweden, 2018

Coworking – an exponential trend and new reality for property owners [in Swedish] Fastighetsägare (Swedish Property Federation), 2018

Global generations – A global study on work-life challenges across generations EY, 2015

Number of U.S. and Global Coworking Spaces and Members 2017 – 2022 Global Coworking Unconference Conference (GCUC) & Emergent Research, 2017

Flexibility & Mobility Nine of ten Swedes can envisage freelancing [in Swedish] Manpower Group, 2017

Half doctor, half engineer – are hybrid educations the answer for new requirements in health services? [in Swedish] Västsvenska Arenan, 2018

The Bigger Picture: The Future of Corporate Real Estate CoreNet Global, 2016

Hybrid Roles – The Future of Jobs? The Society for Human Resource Management, 2017

The future of jobs won’t be about 9-to-5 office hours, as power shifts to millennial leaders CNBC, 2018 Employers urged to sign up to #Flexit campaign The Avondhu Newspaper, 2018

Virtual reality (VR) for distance education, demonstration & interaction itiden, 2018

Middle of the career survey 2018 [in Swedish] Folkuniversitetet, 2018 Skills of the future in digitised working life [in Swedish] Futurion, 2017

The Next Era of Human Machine Partnerships – Emerging Technologies’ Impact On Society & Work In 2030 Institute for the Future (IFTF) & Dell Technologies, 2017 Towards a Reskilling Revolution: A Future of Jobs for All World Economic Forum, 2018 Jobs lost, jobs gained: Workforce transitions in a time of automation McKinsey Global Institute, 2017

AI & Automation Stephen Hawking warns artificial intelligence could end mankind BBC, 2014

Kurzweil Claims That the Singularity Will Happen by 2045 – Get ready for humanity 2.0. Futurism, 2017 Robots Rejected: Humans Still Build the Best New Car You Can Buy Bloomberg, 2018 Kai-Fu Lee – How AI can save our humanity TED, 2018 Davos 2018: 5 Communications Themes from a Revived World Economic Forum Holmes Report, 2018 World Development Report 2019 – The Changing Nature of Work The World Bank, 2018

Furhat Robotics

The Future of Jobs Report 2018 World Economic Forum, 2018

Former Head of Google China Foresees an AI crisis — and Proposes a Solution IEEE Spectrum, 2018

Jobs lost, jobs gained: Workforce transitions in a time of automation McKinsey Global Institute, 2017

Nordea’s CEO: Robots to replace 1,000 employees [in Swedish] Dagens Industri, 2018

Skill shift: Automation and the future of the workforce McKinsey Global Institute, 2018

Amazon and Walmart add more robots, but insist they won’t terminate jobs Fast Company, 2018

From Hands to Heads to Hearts The New York Times, 2017

The Changing Nature of Work World Bank Group, 2018 The Future of Jobs Report 2018 World Economic Forum, 2018 AI at Work Oracle, 2018 Why Artificial Intelligence is the Future of Growth Accenture, 2016

Human Qualities Softbank CEO: The Singularity Will Happen by 2047 – So, what do we do then? Futurism, 2017

When different research disciplines work side by side [in Swedish] Tidningen Curie, 2018 Art can make doctors more empathetic [in Swedish] Sveriges Television, 2018 Designing for Collaboration: BCG’s “Collision Coefficient” Urban Land Magazine, 2017

Sustainability Emissions Gap Report 2018 UN Environment, 2018 14 European Council, 2018 Word of the Year 2018 The Collins English Dictionary, 2018

New Word List 2018 [in Swedish] Swedish Institute for language and folklore, 2018 World Employment and Social Outlook 2018 – Greening with jobs International Labour Organization, 2018 Leaders’ Declaration stresses the need to put people first in preparing the future of work International Labour Organization, 2018 Renewable Energy and Jobs – Annual Review 2018 International Renewable Energy Agency, 2018 Fastest Growing Occupations U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2018 Research: Renewable energy source of many new jobs [in Swedish] Sveriges Television, 2017 Blockchain Tops the List of the 20 Fastest-Growing Skills on Upwork for Q1 2018 Upwork, 2018

Global generations – A global study on work-life challenges across generations EY, 2015 Mind the gaps The 2015 Deloitte Millennial survey Deloitte, 2015 Value-based leadership – a pretty facade or rooted in daily practice? [in Swedish] Helena Skåntorp, LinkedIn 2017 Edelman Trust Barometer Edelman, 2017 Unilever’s Sustainable Living Plan continues to fuel growth Unilelver, 2018 Happiness, Data, Meaning – The Consumer 2030 [in Swedish] Ica, 2018

Building Block(chain)s for a Better Planet World Economic Forum, 2018

Data Never Sleeps 6.0 Domo, 2018

Prioritised sustainability work – How 400 Swedish companies and organisations view their sustainability work [in Swedish] PwC, 2018

Cambridge Analytica owner fined £15,000 for ignoring data request The Guardian, 2019

Artificial intelligence can reduce companies’ environmental impact [in Swedish] Dagens Nyheter, 2018 Theme: Indoor urban farming AGFO, 2018

Purpose & Ethics

Unroll.me head ‘heartbroken’ that users found out it sells their inbox data The Guardian, 2017 Apple CEO Tim Cook calls for privacy regulation CNN, 2018

A start-up is about to build 300 vertical farms in China, thanks in part to Jeff Bezos Quartz, 2018

High-Level Cybersecurity Meeting Warns of Dire Effects of Cyberattacks on Prosperity, Innovation and Global Collaboration World Economic Forum, 2018

Old coal mines can be ‘perfect’ underground food farms BBC, 2018

To Prevent a Digital Dark Age: World Economic Forum Launches Global Centre for Cybersecurity World Economic Forum, 2018

Farming in industrial areas – harvest 1 million pots [in Swedish] Svenska Dagbladet, 2019

Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) [in Swedish] Swedish Data Protection Authority, 2018 Only one in three more secure after GDPR [in Swedish] NTT Security, 2018

The Skills Companies Need Most in 2018 – And the Courses to Get Them LinkedIn, 2018 Cybersecurity Market Worth $248.26 Billion by 2023 MarketsandMarkets, 2018 Job Health Index and Swedish Quality Index, 2019 [in Swedish] Salesforce hires its first chief ethical and humane use officer following Benioff’s criticism of Facebook CNBC, 2018

Health Average life expectancy in Sweden Statistics Sweden, 2018 Largest population increase expected among the oldest [in Swedish] Statistics Sweden, 2018 How DNA Companies Like Ancestry And 23andMe Are Using Your Genetic Data Forbes, 2018 Global Genetic Testing Market Outlook, Trend and Opportunity Analysis, Competitive Insights, Actionable Segmentation & Forecast 2024 Energias Market Research, 2018 Nestle Wants Your DNA Bloomberg, 2018

Treat To Health Campaign to End Loneliness, 2018 Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2015 Loneliness – a threat to our health [in Swedish] Medicinsk Vetenskap nr 1, 2015 Loneliness – a greater threat to public health than smoking [in Swedish] Dagens Nyheter, 2017 Bannerhed: “Loneliness the new public health challenge” [in Swedish] Svenska Dagbladet, 2018 Digital technology can reduce loneliness among the elderly [in Swedish] Public Health Agency of Sweden, 2018. Digital technology for social participation among older people – A knowledge base on possible initiatives based on research, practice, statistics, law and ethics [in Swedish] Public Health Agency of Sweden, 2018. SeniorBarometern 2018 Smart Senior, 2018 All around the world, Building a new web, and a New workplace. Join us! Automattic, 2018 The company behind WordPress is closing its gorgeous San Francisco office because its employees never show up Quartz, 2017

National precision medicine initiative will provide more patients with the right treatment at the right time [in Swedish] Vinnova, 2018 Redefining Aging – Perceptions, aspirations, and retirement TD Ameritrade, 2018 Driving forces and opportunities for a prolonged working life [in Swedish] SNS – Studieförbundet Näringsliv och Samhälle, 2018

We open doors to the working life of the future

Report: The working life of the future is here

Articles inside

Conclusion

10. Oldfluencer

9. DNA coach

5. Purpose & Ethics

8. Cloud guard

6. Vertical farmer

7. Ethics developer

5. Climate auditor

6. Health

4. Sustainability

4. Culture integrator

2. Gig manager

Future Occupations

3. Robot personality designer

1. Flexibility & Mobility

Megatrends

3. Human Qualities

2. AI & Automation

Contents