05 Global Corruption
27/11/02 3:16pm
Page 268
Table 2 Bribery in different business sectors Business sector
Score (0 = high bribery; 10 = low bribery)
Agriculture Light manufacturing Fishery IT Forestry Civilian aerospace Banking and finance Heavy manufacturing Pharmaceuticals/medical care Transportation/storage Mining Power generation/transmission Telecommunications Real estate/property Oil and gas Arms and defence Public works/construction
5.9 5.9 5.9 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.5 2.7 1.9 1.3
Note Respondents were asked: ‘Which are the sectors in your country of residence where senior public officials would be very likely, quite likely or unlikely to accept or extort bribes?’ The standard error in the results was 0.2 or less.
Views were evenly split regarding the question of whether corruption in international business was on the increase (23 per cent indicated an increase, 27 per cent a decrease and 37 per cent said it remained the same). The survey also asked respondents which governments they felt were most likely to engage in unfair practices – such as diplomatic or political pressure, financial and commercial pressure, tied foreign aid, or tied defence and arms deals – to give their own companies unfair business advantages. Respondents perceived the U.S. government to be the most associated with unfair practices by far, followed by the governments of France, Britain, Japan, China and Russia. For more details on the survey, see www.transparency.org/surveys/index. html#bpi. Contact: Fredrik Galtung, Transparency International (galtung@transparency.org) 1
268
In the 1999 survey Hong Kong was not distinguished from mainland China. The 2002 survey showed that Hong Kong companies are viewed more favourably than mainland Chinese companies. Only the 21 major economies were covered because (a) companies from the smaller exporters tend to have less of a global reach, although some are major players within their respective regions; and (b) the top 30 to 40 exporters would include the major exporters of oil and gas, which do not have an international profile in manufactured goods or international services.
Global Corruption Report 2003