05 Global Corruption
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2002 CPI and 90% confidence intervals 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
index and others drop out. However, year-to-year comparisons of a country’s score result not only from a changing perception of a country’s performance, but also from a changing sample and methodology – each year different viewpoints are collected and somewhat different questions asked. The robustness of the CPI findings is enhanced by the fact that residents’ viewpoints were found to correlate well with those of expatriates. The CPI gathers perceptions that are invariant to cultural preconditions and represent a global perspective. In the past, the expatriates whose views were included in the CPI were often Western businesspeople, and the viewpoint of less developed countries seemed under-represented. For the 2002 CPI, however, Gallup International on behalf of Transparency International surveyed respondents from less-developed countries, asking them to assess the performance of public servants in industrial countries. The results from this group of expatriates correlated well with the other sources used in the 2002 CPI. Contact: Johann Graf Lambsdorff (jlambsd@gwdg.de) 1
Some technical adjustments were carried out this year to ensure that all reported values, including those for the high-low range and the confidence range, remain within the given scale from 0 to 10. This was achieved using a matching-percentiles technique for standardising the data, a beta-transformation for ensuring the year-to-year continuity of the data and a bootstrap approach to determine the confidence range.
Data and research
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