2013 PastTimes

Page 1

1861 - 1863

The Bloodshed Begins

�������������������������������������������������������� I’m a physician, wife and mother and there’s nothing more important to me than keeping myself, my family and my patients as healthy as possible. But when someone I know needs the most comprehensive breast health program in Northwest Georgia, I send them to Gordon Hospital. With the addition of their new full-field digital mammography technology, their designation as a Breast Imaging Center of Excellence by the American College of Radiology, and the fact that they were the first hospital in this area conducting breast MRI studies, I know that my patients are receiving the most comprehensive and highest quality care possible without ever having to leave Calhoun. ������������������������������������������������������ �����������������������������������������������������

��������������������������������������� ������������������������������������� ���������������������� �

����������������� ����������������� ������������ ���������������������� � ��������������� �������������������������� ������������������ ������������������������������������������

AUGUST 2013

PAGE 3

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

7DEOH RI &RQWHQWV War brought brigands to Rome.......... 4

‘Heroine of the Confederacy’ ...........36

Alabama governor bans use of corn... 7

Streigtht’s Raid turns into folly ....38

Barnsley tragedy ................................ 8

Hospitals in Floyd County........... 39

Civil War weapons were deadly .......10

Cleburne stands his ground..............40

President ......................................................Burgett H. Mooney III

The Famous 6th Georgia Cavalry ....14

The biggest battle yet.......................41

Publisher .......................................................... Otis M. Raybon Jr.

Augustus Romaldus Wright..............14

The Noble Brothers Foundry ...........46

Polk County life in wartime..............16

The iron town of Etowah .................47

Tides of change in 1862–63............18

Ex-slave related to first lady .............49

For the love of Cecelia Stovall .........20

Sherman’s ‘March to the Sea’..........50

J.P. Kelsey, Jim Lewis, Alan Riquelmy,

Libraries preserve Civil War history..20

The Battle of Trion Factory..............52

Doug Walker, Jeremy Stewart, John Bailey,

Young was part of Gettysburg .........21

‘The Rome Light Guards’.................54

Lauren Jones, Melody Bacas, Abbigail Lennon,

Guerrilla soldiers of the South..........22

Great Locomotive Chase..................55

The Battle of Chickamauga .............25

Minister saves Sandersville ............... 57

Ringgold’s Old Stone Church...........33

Gordon County, home place............60

Civil War solders, surgeons ..............34

Women, children on home front ......61

Georgia’s ‘Paul Revere’....................36

Watie fought for Confederacy .........66

Founding Editor ........................................................... Pierre Noth Editorial Staff .................. Mike Colombo, Diane Wagner, Terry Dean,

E.K. West, Matt Ledger,Christi McEntyre, Mike O’Neal, Don Stilwell Layout and Design ..................................................Laure Clemons Cover Design ...................................................................Lee Field Circulation Director................................................. R. Jay Driskell Advertising Directors ..................... Mike Schuttinga and Billy Steele Advertising Sales ...................... Mandy Welborn, Quincy Matthews, Jennifer Futch, Ladonna Mears, Vickie Robinson, Kathy Bruce, Angie Clark, Jessica Bayne, Diane Durham, Dena Anderson, Misti Blackmon Advertising Design .....................Tona Deaton (manager), Lee Field, Allison Morris, Sharon Chastain Mailroom Manager ................................................... Suzanne Kelly … … … Past Times is a publication of News Publishing Co., 305 E. Sixth Ave., P.O. Box 1633, Rome, GA., 30162-1633. Past Times is a home-delivered supplement to the Rome NewsTribune, the Calhoun Times, The Catoosa County News, The Cedartown Standard, the Cherokee County Herald, The Rockmart Journal and the Walker County Messenger. Additional copies, at $5 each plus tax, may be purchased at any of those newspapers. … … … Special thanks to the following people and organizations whose cooperation and enthusiasm played a large part in compiling information for this project: Russell McClanahan, Rome Area History Museum; Ellen Archer, Cartersville-Bartow County Convention and Visitors Bureau; Bartow County History Museum; Ken Padgett, Gordon County historian; Stanley Chambers, Sons of Confederate Veterans General Stand Watie Camp #915; David Crum, curator, Cherokee Historical Museum; Cherokee Historical Society; Joan Williams, genealogy librarian, Cherokee County Public Library; Eulalie Wilson; Zane Gammage; Phil and Dale Tuck; Olin Gammage III

2ULJLQDO DUWZRUN E\ /HH )LHOG OILHOG#QSFR FRP

On the cover For the second installment of News Publishing Co.'s three-year look at the Civil War, staff artist Lee Field developed a cover for Past Times that reflects the unfolding bloodshed that ripped the nation apart.

PAGE 4

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013

3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI 5XVVHOO 0F&ODQDKDQ 5RPH $UHD +LVWRU\ 0XVHXP

$ ELUGV H\H YLHZ RI 5RPH GXULQJ WKH &LYLO :DU

:DU EURXJKW EULJDQGV DQG KDUGVKLS WR 5RPH NAOMI %\ $/$1 5,48(/0< preceding the Civil War. SHROPSHIRE BALE A bank, a couple of 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII stood in a room with hotels, a newspaper and three brigands, an iron a scattering of churches poker in her hand, and asked whether – this was Rome in the late 1830’s. the men would dare search a lady. The town flourished between 1834 Turned out, they would. and 1861. Col. Alfred Shorter traded “As he moved, I would move, for I in cotton, merchandise and real estate. was determined to give him a blow with A post office was located at the center the poker if he offered to lay his hands of town. on me,� Bale wrote 50 years after the “Iron ore was plentiful in the hills,� Civil War. “I appealed to every sense said Russell McClanahan, historian of humanity. Finally I appealed in the with the Rome Area History Museum. name of his sister. He said he had no The streets, however, remained sister. I then appealed in the name of his poor. Cattle traipsed through the city, nother. I said you have had a mother, he and many residents had pigsties in replied no I never did.� their yards. The man, Bale called him a prowler, Divorce was rare in the area, and was pulled her step-sister from a chair and considered a disgrace when it occurred. searched her. Neither him nor the others Knife fights in “grog shops� were searched Bale. They then left, failing to regular, and duels happened occasionally. find the jewelry and family silver hidden Rome was a town in bloom, but a in pockets under their large hoop skirts. storm brewing on the horizon would It’s a scene that likely happened shape it – and the rest of the country across the South during the Civil – for all the years to come. War. Deserters from both sides, and The Rome Tri-Weekly Courier sometimes enlisted men, turned into in 1860 printed a description of one thieves and worse. traveler known for his sympathy of Residents of Rome and Floyd John Brown, and advised readers to County would have had difficulty keep watch for him. imagining that scenario in the years An antipathy for the North and

abolition grew. As the Courier reported in February 1860, “The spies sent out by the Abolition leaders of the North to pry into the conditions of our military system speak in the most contemptuous terms of them. They have doubtless thereby been emboldened in their attacks upon our rights.� Just days later, the paper reported a traveler from the North who’d spoken “heretical sentiments� about the equality of the races. After arriving in Rome, he was asked to leave but was forced to wait several hours for the next train. “It is a most astonishing thing to us that a Northern man at this juncture will permit anti-slavery opinion to escape his lips in the South,� the paper reported. “They must be most stupid folks if they cannot learn under the experience of such teachers as they have had.� That same month a committee met in Rome’s City Hall and passed resolutions asking all merchants to buy goods from Southern sources only. A May 1860 column in the Courier advised its readers to remain cautious and prudent, adding “All men should buckle on their armour and volunteer to fight for our

unmistakable constitutional rights and the permanent prosperity of our most sacred institutions.� In April 1861 the Rome Weekly Courier announced the start of the Civil War: “This news caused the greatest excitement we have ever seen in our city. Cannons were fired and small arms without number, and all the church bells were rung, and all possible demonstrations of extreme joy were everywhere to be seen. Not a few eyes were moistened by the joyous overflow of grateful feelings.� It was May 1861 when the first group of infantrymen would leave Rome. The Floyd Infantry left on May 10. The Light Guards of Rome followed it some two weeks later. Before marching to North Rome to board a train, the Light Guards heard a speech at the First Presbyterian Church. Half the town then joined them on their march to the train, with one young bride marching with her husband of a few days at the front of the column. She wore a pistol and dagger in her belt and had “a stride full of belligerency,� Battey wrote. FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

AUGUST 2013 FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH The Courier referred to the company as made up of young men, with only five married. Most had lived in Rome or nearby. Another company soon followed the Light Guards, leaving on a train for Richmond, Va. The announcements in the newspaper about the companies leaving soon were followed by the names of those killed, wounded and missing. The Courier printed news from the front, detailing the “cunning and perfidious meanness� of Union soldiers. Those left behind supported the war effort as well. Mary Turnley Reynolds, with the Rome Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, wrote that Rome would be illuminated at night to cheer soldiers. The Ladies’ Benevolent Association made garments for soldiers at City Hall, then at the southwest corner of Broad Street and Fifth Avenue. The women worked whenever they could, with some staying throughout the day. The association soon adopted a constitution and members paid $1 for their annual membership. They collected

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 5

blankets, vegetables and blackberry wine, The contents of the Wayside Home sending them to the front. were burned to stop the possibility Another group, the Soldiers’ Aid of spreading the disease, but new Association, hospitals took its created the place in February “Wayside Home� 1862 on Broad at Broad Street Street. Existing and First Avenue facilities across that gave relief the South were to the crowded overburdened, army hospitals. and churches One soldier, were converted barely out of into makeshift childhood, came hospitals. to the home Romans found with smallpox that food became and caused a scarce during scare, though he the war. The recovered under North blockaded 3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI 9DQLVKLQJ *HRUJLD $UFKLYHV the women’s Southern ports care and returned *HQHUDO : 7 6KHUPDQ DQG KLV and production to his home in had slowed with VWDII RQ WKH ODZQ RI (DVW Louisiana. almost all young )RXUWK $YH 5RPH *HRUJLD “While we men gone to war. all lament the People used existence of this substitutes horrible war, shall we leave our brave for their regular fare. The price defenders to suffer alone?� a letter of salt rose to match that of sugar in the Courier stated. “Shall we not in Confederate money – $10 a bravely endure our portion of the toil bushel. Clothing dyes were made and danger?� from copperas, bark stain and

pokeberry extract. All leather went to shoes, saddles and pistol holders for the soldiers. Battey wrote that the situation improved some once Northern soldiers captured the town in 1864. Romans had shelter, and the Northern troops had food. However, that situation dissolved when the North left the area. With their authority gone, vandals such as the ones who accosted Naomi Shropshire Bale appeared in her Chattooga County home. “We expected all that the Northern army brought and heaped on us,� Bale wrote, “but when men from our own friends and acquaintances who ‘wore the grey’ swooped down on us ‘like a wolf on the fold,’ terrifying defenseless women, hanging old men, and torturing little children, even babies, to extort a few valuables and money hidden away to meet unexpected emergencies is it a wonder that I should reiterate Gen’l Sherman’s remark that ‘War is Hell?’� Sources: “A History of Rome and Floyd County,� George M. Battey Jr.; “Reminiscences of the War between the States,� Naomi Shropshire Bale

3KRWRV FRXUWHV\ RI 5XVVHOO 0F&ODQDKDQ 5RPH $UHD +LVWRU\ 0XVHXP

/HIW 7KLV &LYLO :DU HUD PDS SLQSRLQWV PLOLWDU\ IRUWLILFDWLRQV LQ 5RPH WKH ORFDWLRQ RI IRXQGULHV DQG WKH FLW\ V HVWLPDWHG SRSXODWLRQ

$ERYH 5XVVHOO 0F&ODQDKDQ KLVWRULDQ ZLWK WKH 5RPH $UHD +LVWRU\ 0XVHXP FDOOHG WKLV DQ

XQXVXDO PDS RI 5RPH PDGH GXULQJ WKH &LYLO :DU ,W V IURP WKH +RZHOO &REE FROOHFWLRQ

PAGE 6

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013

5HFRUGLQJ KLVWRU\ :KHWKHU LW ZDV SRVLQJ IRU D SRUWUDLW EHIRUH KHDGLQJ RII WR EDWWOH JDWKHULQJ ZLWK IHOORZ VROLGHUV DIWHU WKH ZDU RU FUHDWLQJ D PRGHUQ GD\ UH HQDFWPHQW VRXWKHUQHUV FRQWLQXH WR UHFRUG KLVWRU\ WKURXJK SKRWRJUDSK\ 3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI 9DQLVKLQJ *HRUJLD $UFKLYHV

&DOKRXQ HDUO\ V 0HPEHUV RI WKH *RUGRQ &RXQW\ &DPS 8QLWHG &RQIHGHUDWH 9HWHUDQV SRVH IRU D SKRWRJUDSK DW D PHHWLQJ RU UHXQLRQ 1RWH WKH FDPS IODJ LQ WKH EDFNJURXQG DQG WKH PXVLFDO LQVWUXPHQWV LQ WKH IRUHJURXQG

3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI 9DQLVKLQJ *HRUJLD $UFKLYHV

%HQMDPLQ )UDQNOLQ 7KXUPDQ :DONHU &RXQW\ FLUFD 7KXUPDQ IRXJKW IRU WKH &RQIHGHUDF\ 3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI 9DQLVKLQJ *HRUJLD $UFKLYHV DQG VHUYHG LQ WKH *HRUJLD -RKQ $PRV %DUWRZ &RXQW\ /HJLVODWXUH LQ DQG *HRUJLD HDUO\ V $PRV IURP GLHG LQ WKH &LYLO :DU

0HVVHQJHU ILOH SKRWR 0DWW /HGJHU

$ SHULRG UH HQDFWRU FRRNV D SDQ RI GHVVHUW IRU WKH KXQJU\ ILJKWHUV GXULQJ WKH WK %DWWOH RI &KLFNDPDXJD UH HQDFWPHQW &RRNLQJ LQ FDVW LURQ SRWV RYHU RSHQ IODPHV ZDV RQH RI WKH PRVW FRPPRQ DQG HIILFLHQW PHWKRGV ZRPHQ XVHG WR SUHSDUH IRRG IRU WKHLU IDPLOLHV GXULQJ WKH &LYLO :DU

3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI 9DQLVKLQJ *HRUJLD $UFKLYHV

5RPH 5HXQLRQ RI 6WDWH &RQIHGHUDWH 9HWHUDQV 5 % (YHUHWWH DW WKH ZKHHO 2QH RI ILJXUHV VRQ RI 1 % )RUUHVW

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013

PAGE 7

$ODEDPD JRYHUQRU EDQV XVH RI FRUQ WR PDNH OLTXRU FARMING WAS the county had one school %\ - 3 .(/6(< TREMENDOUSLY established at this time, public 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII AFFECTED, not only education was still developing locally, but all throughout the and was very much affected South during the Civil War. as a result of war. Because much of Alabama was It was not uncommon for many occupied by Union forces, railways teachers to be dismissed from their and waterways that were once used to duties if suspected of not being fully transport crops saw little of this activity. behind Confederate efforts. Male Food became scarce throughout the teachers also left teaching posts to fight. South, with hunger and starvation There, too, were blockades set up in occurring at times. As a result of the food the North preventing many goods from supply dwindling, Gov. John Gill Shorter reaching the South. Southern states prohibited the distillation of hard liquors often relied on books sent from the in 1862. Gill wanted to ensure food was North, so this was also a big part as to available to feed families and soldiers. why public education almost came to Corn produced some of the largest a complete halt. According to sources, yields for farmers in the county as money spent on public education in well as the state. It is reported that Alabama dropped from $500,000 in Cherokee County produced 604, 217 1858 to close to half of that by 1861. bushels of corn in 1860. It was not uncommon, for churches to The day to day life that everyone operate as temporary education facilities had previously known was turned to help alleviate the problem. Many on its head during the Civil War. Of churches had been doing that, even the some 7,000 to 8,000 residents of before the Civil War began. Cherokee County in 1861, the majority Most schools in Cherokee County were under the age of 15. Even though weren’t established until well after

the war ended. However, the area saw a boom of churches being erected in the 1840s and 1850s and some were able to serve as schoolhouses. Women, faced with even more responsibility than normal, would often find themselves turning their homes into places of learning. In addition, women and children had to take control of their homesteads to do much of the physical labor that had mostly been done by the able-bodied men who were now at war. According to an 1860 census taken throughout the county, the majority of people reported farming as their form of employment. The census also showed that there were many immigrant families from almost a dozen different countries throughout Europe living in the area. There were not a high number of slaves reported in Cherokee County. Census reports show that most slave owning families owned one slave. This meant that large portions of farm work was done by remaining family members.

Cherokee County in 1860-61 According to the 1860 Census: The majority of Cherokee County residents reported farming as their form of employment. Many immigrant families lived in Cherokee County, from almost a dozen different countries throughout Europe. Most slave owning families owned one slave. It is reported that: Cherokee County produced 604, 217 bushels of corn in 1860. Of the some 7,000 to 8,000 residents of Cherokee County in 1861, the majority were under the age of 15.

SouthCrest Financial Group, inc.

WE’RE READY TO WORK FOR YOU!

Competitive Rates on Personal & Business Loans • Mortgages & Refinancing • 3 Locations in Polk County • Free Online & Mobile Banking • Remote Deposit Capture Service • Drive Up Banking

www.fnbpolk.com

Kawna McCrickard Branch Manager & Lender 678-747-5209 Main Office NMLS# 476473

Michelle Richards Branch Manager & Lender 678-747-5302 Downtown Office NMLS# 476566

Patricia Smith Branch Manager & Lender 678-747-5355 Rockmart Office NMLS# 757691

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 8

AUGUST 2013

%DUQVOH\ IDPLO\ D ULYHWLQJ VWRU\ RI WKH 6RXWK VWHHSHG LQ WUDJHG\ BARNSLEY than 3,000 acres that he %\ '28* :$/.(5 GARDENS, situated in put in his wife’s name. 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII the triangle created by While the gardens Rome, Adairsville and were very clearly Kingston, was developed reminiscent of an old by English shipping magnate and English manor, Barnsley himself said cotton trader Godfrey Barnsley. the mansion home was of an Italianate Barnsley came to the United States architectural styling. in 1824 and settled in Savannah where Renowned architect Andrew he met Julia Scarborough. Jackson Downing was hired to design Four years later the couple was the compound. married but it wasn’t long before it Before the home could even be became apparent that Julia Barnsley completed, less than a year after suffered from a lung disease. moving to what he would later call Doctors suggested that the couple Woodlands, an infant child died. get away from the Georgia coast so It was the first in a series of Barnsley headed to former Indian tragedies for the Barnsley family. Territory in Northwest Georgia. In 1845 Julia Barnsley died from During the decade of the 1840s, complications of her tuberculosis and Barnsley was able to acquire more Barnsley halted construction.

The good old days are still here in

Cedar Bluff Alabama

• Affordable lake side living • Easy drive to Atlanta, Birmingham, Chattanooga, Huntsville • Progressive local government • Cedar Bluff School included in U.S. News and World Report "Best High Schools" in nation • Community service clubs to join • Close to public and private universities Whether you are ready to raise a family or retire, you will find the good old days are still here in Cedar Bluff, AL.

Come see for yourself!

www.cedarbluff-al.org

Close to a year later, Barnsley came back to Northwest Georgia and according to legend, the ghost of Julia appeared to him in the garden and told him to finish the plantation for their children. The couples’ second daughter, Adelaide, died in the home 1858. Four years later the eldest son, Howard was killed by Chinese pirates while scouring the Far East for Chinese shrubbery for the gardens. Barnsley went back to Europe to find priceless furniture and art to adorn the stately home. The main house was nearly complete, missing a handmade stairway, which would never arrive because it had been captured by Federal forces in Tennessee. The run-up to the war proved

disastrous for Godfrey Barnsley. Historian Clent Coker said once the war broke out, the northern blockade of southern ports wrecked Barnsley financially. “He couldn’t ship much so he came back and remained for the rest of the war,� Coker said. “That turned his financial empire around although he kept trying to keep everybody living at Woodlands.� The estate found itself smack in the middle of Gen. William. T. Sherman’s campaign, and specifically troops commanded by Union Gen. James McPherson during a ferocious battle on May 18, 1864. FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

AINTED PP OST PPAINTED OST TRADING COMPANY TRADING COMPANY

Hwy North ••Calhoun, GA •GA 30701 13361336 Hwy 4141North Calhoun, • 30701 Supplying people ofofGordon County since since 2003 2003 Supplying thethepeople Gordon County

VISITOUR OUR FURNITURE VISIT FURNITURE WAREHOUSE! 550 ROADROAD WAREHOUSE! 550JOLLY JOLLY

9/52Ăˆ(/-%4/7.Ăˆ 9/52Ăˆ(/-%4/7.Ăˆ 3!,6!'%Ăˆ#/..%#4)/. 3!,6!'%Ăˆ#/..%#4)/. 706-624-9951 706-624-9951

FG<E1 DFE;8P $ =I@;8P / KF , s J8KLI;8P / KF * FG<E1 DFE;8P $ =I@;8P / KF , s J8KLI;8P / KF

AUGUST 2013

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 9 3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI 7UDF\ 3DJH

,Q WKH V (QJOLVK VKLSSLQJ PDJQDWH DQG FRWWRQ WUDGHU *RGIUH\ %DUQVOH\ PRYHG ZLWK KLV ZLIH -XOLD WR 1RUWKZHVW *HRUJLD DQG DFTXLUHG PRUH WKDQ DFUHV WKDW KH SXW LQ KLV ZLIHÂśV QDPH 7KH PDQVLRQ KRPH KH EXLOW WKHUH ZDV RI DQ ,WDOLDQDWH DUFKLWHFWXUDO VW\OLQJ 7RGD\ WKHVH UXLQV DUH ZKDW UHPDLQ RI WKH HVWDWH DW %DUQVOH\ *DUGHQV FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH This stroke of ill-luck also extended to Confederate Col. Richard Earle of the Alabama Second Light Cavalry, (who was shot down within sight of the front door to the plantation home, which was still not complete.) Earle had ridden to Woodlands to warn Barnsley of the impending arrival of Union forces. McPherson issued orders that stopped his troops from looting the home. His orders apparently

prompted an Irish maid, Mary Quinn, to have called McPherson a gentleman surrounded by rogues and thieves. Nonetheless, some of the items inside the home were destroyed; food and beverage provided the troops with a repast they probably had not enjoyed for months. Federal troops were able to essentially utilize the mansion home as a fortress during the campaign for Atlanta. After the war, Barnsley submitted claims to the U.S. government for the Scotch, brandy, wine, coffee

and foodstuffs that were missing or destroyed. Coker estimated Barnsley’s losses at close to $150,000 though the claim Barnsley submitted to the government was for considerably less than that. Barnsley moved to the area surrounding New Orleans leaving the home to his son-in-law Capt. James P. Baltzelle and his daughter Julia to restore the home and grounds. Julia met Baltzelle in 1863 when the captain was sent to the area after it became apparent that Union forces

were planning a blitz through the heart of the South. Coker said the line of descendants of Godfrey and Julia Barnsley is dotted with the name Julia through the ensuing century and a half. Baltzelle died in 1868 while felling trees, which were being sold off to help him support the plantation, yet another tragedy in the colorful history of the estate. Five years later, in 1873, Godfrey Barnsley passed in away in New Orleans and his remains were brought back to his beloved Woodlands for interment.

312 Broad Street, Historic Downtown Ro

Photo by Tim Harman, www.timharman.com

´:KHQ PDNLQJ VXFK DQ LPSRUWDQW GHFLVLRQ IRU RXU IXWXUH , NQHZ WKHUH ZDV QR RWKHU RSWLRQ WKDQ )RUG

*LWWLQJV .DQH -DQ 0LFKHOH DQG WKH UHVW RI WKHLU WHDP PDGH WKH SURFHVV VR HDV\ IRU PH DQG LQ WXUQ PDGH P\ Ă€DQFpH YHU\ KDSS\ , FRXOGQ¡W KDYH GRQH LW ZLWKRXW WKHLU NQRZOHGJH H[SHUWLVH Âľ

Ăƒ 8adWhWd 4WY[`e :WdWĂ„

5REELH 3XUVHU 0DUULHG 0D\

312 Broad Street, Historic Downtown Rome me www.fgkjewelers.com 706.291.8811

rat ing Celeb

eat Ye r G 55

ars

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 10

AUGUST 2013

$QWLTXDWHG QRZ &LYLO :DU ZHDSRQV ZHUH JUXHVRPHO\ GHDGO\ MILITARY %\ 0$77 /('*(5 of modern warfare unfold COMMANDERS always across the cornfields and 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII seem prepared to fight forests of a divided America. the last war but find Those changes left men themselves forced to adapt strategies broken, bleeding dead and dying on and tactics due to technological battlefields with names like Bull Run, advances that change the weapons and Antietam, Gettysburg and Chickamauga. waging of war. “Pumpkin Slinger� Today, troops can call for drone The primary weapon carried by strikes or close air support, use satellite Union soldiers at the outbreak of war surveillance and GPS units to pinpoint was a smoothbore Springfield musket. locations of friend and foe alike and “The men called is a pumpkin deliver troops by means of helicopter, slinger because it shot a .69-caliber parachute or armored personnel carrier. ball with three buck shot attached Such things were not even dreamed to it and it didn’t even have a front of by Civil War-era field commanders, site,� Chickamauga historian John but changing advances in weaponry Culpepper said. did occur during the mid-1800s. It was a time when all the world’s leaders, political and military, saw the future FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

0HVVHQJHU SKRWR 0DWW /HGJHU

&DQQRQHHUV ILUHG VROLG VKRW H[SORVLYH VKHOOV DQG FDQLVWHU PDNLQJ WKH DUWLOOHU\ SLHFH D JLDQW VKRWJXQ ZLWK JXQSRZGHU DV D SURSHOODQW GXULQJ D UH HQDFWPHQW IRU WKH WK DQQLYHUVDU\ RI WKH %DWWOH RI &KLFNDPDXJD LQ :DONHU &RXQW\

Dac] mk gf >Y[]Zgg

Left to right: Steve Dutton, Certified Operator; Jenni Burt, Utility Clerk; Terry White; Marie Kelly, Office Manager; Jeff Harrell, Manager/Certified Operator

@ge] g^ l`] Kgml`]Ykl N]l]jYfk Emk]me

Ƈ :ggck Ƈ Kgmn]fajk Ƈ E]egjYZadaY Ƈ J]]fY[laf_ Kmhhda]k

L@= @AKLGJQ ;GEH9FQ

,*+! *1(%..+1

*1,1 DY^Yq]ll] J\& œ >gjl G_d]l`gjh]$ ?9 +(/,* Dac] mk gf >Y[]Zggc c

The Utilities Board of the Town of Cedar Bluff, is committed to serving the needs of Cedar Bluff residents, businesses, and visitors by providing high quality water and efficient wastewater services. The Utility members are dedicated to providing for future economic growth via progressive planning, implementing water conservation measures; safeguarding public health and the environment; and providing for continuous improvements and cost efficiencies. Board Members: Donald Sanders, Chairman; Cindy Early, Vice Chair; Linda Pickelsimer, Treasurer; Eugene Mann, Member; Ken Blair, Member.

T h e o f f i c e h o u rs a r e 8 : 0 0 a . m . - 4 : 3 0 p . m . C l o s e d 1 1 : 3 0 t o 1 2 : 0 0 fo r l u n ch .

3 3 6 0 O l d H w y 9 • P. O. B ox 3 0 6 • C e d a r B l u f f, A L 3 5 9 5 9

256-779-6359

AUGUST 2013

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 11

0HVVHQJHU ILOH SKRWR 0DWW /HGJHU

&RQIHGHUDWH LQIDQWU\ UH HQDFWRUV DGYDQFH WKHLU EDWWOH OLQHV GXULQJ D UH HQDFWPHQW IRU WKH WK DQQLYHUVDU\ RI WKH %DWWOH RI &KLFNDPDXJD LQ :DONHU &RXQW\

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 12 FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH American commanders — federal and rebel — had schooled together at West Point and were well-versed in waging war in the style of Napoleon and Wellington. They also had fought limited wars against the Mexicans and American Indians using those early 19th-century tactics. But advances in weaponry forced changes in the way war was waged. Civil War was a time of transition. The South had no established army when war was declared. Its fighting forces were initially drawn from state militias. Though a number of armories were located in Confederate states, Confederate volunteers initially brought their own smooth bore muskets and hunting rifles. But both Union and Confederate troops were soon involved in an early “arms race� that involved transitioning from flintlock to percussion cap and from smooth bore to rifled barrels. The British developed a rifledmusket, the 1853 Enfield, which had a maximum range of 2,000 yards

and a muzzle velocity of 900 feet per second. This rifle was sold to both Union and Confederate forces and became the second most commonly used weapon during the Civil War. The U.S. military developed its own rifled weapon, the 1861 Springfield, which became the most common weapon issued to Union troops. With few exceptions, riflemen followed the same procedure in arming and discharging their weapons. Soldiers first poured black powder down the barrel, forced the charge in place, loaded a single bullet into the muzzle and used a ramrod to tightly force bullet and powder together at the end furthest from the muzzle. The process was repeated every time these muzzle-loading weapons were fired. Typically each man carried 40 rounds of ammunition in a cartridge box, along with their rifle and field gear. “A good Union soldier could load and fire a rifled musket three times a minute,� Culpepper said. Tactically, troops lined up shoulderto-shoulder in two lines, with the first row kneeling, and would be instructed to fire depending on the scenario. Brigade commanders could order

AUGUST 2013

0HVVHQJHU SKRWR 0DWW /HGJHU

&KLFNDPDXJD DQG &KDWWDQRRJD 0LOLWDU\ 3DUN KLVWRULDQ -LP 2JGHQ VWDQGV LQ IURQW RI D GLVSOD\ RI &RQIHGHUDWH ULIOHV LQ WKH )XOOHU *XQ &ROOHFWLRQ FRQVLVWLQJ RI DXWKHQWLF ZHDSRQ IURP WKH &RORQLDO SHULRG WKURXJK :RUOG :DU , ZLWK QHDUO\ KDOI IURP WKH &LYLO :DU troops to “fire by company� which meant that everyone fired at the same time, or “fire by files� which had soldiers firing intermittently and allowing for reloading. A command of “fire at will� allowed soldiers to fire as quickly as they were able to reload.

The Confederate army usually placed the smooth-bore rifles toward the center of their battle lines and the rifled-muskets on each of the flanks, Culpepper said. FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

Ductbusters now called Ductz is locally owned and operated by the Thompson family

SERVING SOUTHEAST TENNESSEE AND NORTHWEST GEORGIA SINCE 1997 Thank you for your continued trust in our commitment to provide quality service for your homes and businesses.

SERVICES OFFERED

• HVAC mold and mildew remediation • Damaged and leaking duct replaced/repaired (smoke, water, rodent, odors)

• HVAC unit, furnace and duct cleaning • Dryer vents cleaned or installed

Residential • Commercial • Industrial TN 00044120 & GA CN209484

423-876-9907 $

35 OFF

choice for HEALTHY skin, hair and nails

MY

choice for BEAUTIFUL skin, hair and nails

New patients welcome

SYSTEM CLEANING Coupon required. Not valid with any other coupon. Expires 12/31/13

MY

www.ductz.com

1035 Red Bud Road, Suite 205, Calhoun, GA 30701 Tel: 706-625-3909

www.skincancertreatmentcenter.com

AUGUST 2013 FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH “We had so many terrible wounds and deaths in that war, because they were still using the old tactics,” Culpepper said. “You’d march your forces within 60 yards of each other, and then you just fight it out.” Minie-balls weighed one ounce and were described as a “gray wave” when fired from mass formations. In most instances, being shot in the chest was a mortal would and being struck in a limb often meant amputation. Instead of rifles, officers carried pistols. Those sidearms were not very accurate and usually reserved for close-quarter combat, the kind in which bayonets and sabers clashed. That was a rare occurrence during the Civil War. Cavalry “They were the eyes and the ears of the infantry,” Culpepper said. “They sought out where the enemy was and were reporting back to the infantry.” Cavalry scouts would monitor troop movements, determine the size of enemy forces and relay orders to

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY field commanders. thunderous cannons that hurled During actual battles, the mounted projectiles at the battle lines. forces were used on the flanks as they Cannons came in various sizes could maneuver much quicker than and configurations with most being infantry foot soldiers. identified by the weight of the shells Prior to the Battle of Chickamauga, they fired. in 1863, The most U.S. Cavalry common artillery %$77/( 2) &+,&.$0$8*$ pieces were commander Col. John T. Wilder’s smooth-bore When: Sept. 19-20, 1863 “Lightning 6-pound and Brigade” 12-pound brassTroops: 62,200 Union equipped his barreled Napoleon 67,300 Confederate troops with cannons. Killed: 1,657 Union seven-shot Artillery 2,312 Confederate Spencer repeating regiments rifles and long typically Wounded: 9,756 Union handled hatchets consisted of six 14,674 Confederate instead of sabers. cannons along Captured/missing: 4,757 Union In the second with horses, 1,468 Confederate half of the Civil ammunition War, cavalry and associated units, such as equipment. The Wilder’s brigade, began to be utilized regiment was composed of about as mounted infantry who could cover 155 men, a captain, 30 officers, two ground quickly then dismount and buglers, 52 drivers and 70 cannoneers. engage in battle. Rifled cannons, which like rifled muskets had a greater range than Artillery their smooth bore counterparts, were The loudest and most feared relatively new — and few — at the weapons of the era were the start of the Civil War.

Cherokee County Historical Museum and Internet Cafe With a collection of thousands of County related artifacts, the Museum displays its items using descriptive interpretive exhibits about County history, hosts loaned and travelling exhibition of artifacts during which the citizens of and visitors to Cherokee County have an opportunity to learn about their local heritage. The museum performs a “show and tell” of the story of the county’s past to its future generations.

PAGE 13 Cannon balls could be solid spheres, but most were hollow shells. Shells were filled with black powder and ignited by a fuse, which the artillery soldier cut to length based on the distance and trajectory from the cannon to the enemy position. A number of variations were also developed using spherical shells, similar to a bullet, used in artillery pieces, such as Parrot rifles and 3-inch ordinance cannon, that had rifled iron barrels. “Ideally they were designed to explode over the top of the men, on the battle lines,” Culpepper said. “Another way to use the cannons was to break up an assault, loading it with a canister. It looked like a big tin can with 32 one-ounce balls (called grapes) in it, which made a big shotgun out of it.” “At the Battle of Chickamauga (Confederate General) Maj. Gen. Alexander Stewart’s division actually broke the federal lines up around the Poe field,” Culpepper said. “The men ran up into 20 of those cannons, lined up hub to hub, all loaded with canister and it was said that 628 (Confederate) men hit the ground.”

DISCOVER EXHIBITS ALL AGES 2014 • See Riverboats & Ferry's on the Big Screen • Relive our old railroads with "live" models • Check out our old timey Blacksmith shop • Take photos in our "jailhouse" for Facebook • Oils, prints & Sculpture reveal local artists • Enjoy our Internet Cafe: Starbucks and more Hours: Tues.-Fri. 9:00-4:00 pm Sat. 9-1 Sun & Mon. Closed

Have YouVisited Lately?

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 14

Roster of the 6th Georgia Cavalry Officers Col. John R. Hart, Floyd County (dead) Lt. Col. Cicero C. Fain, Gordon County (wounded) Maj. Alfred Bale, Floyd County (killed) Benton F. Chastain, adjutant, Fannin County R. Y. Rudicil, surgeon, Chattooga County John W. Farrill, assistant surgeon, Floyd County Thomas M. Fulton, quarter master, Gordon County Co. C Capt. LaFayette Stiff, Cherokee County, Ala. (dead). 1st Lt. Edward Stiff, Cherokee County, Ala. (killed). 2nd Lt. G. W. Bryan, Cherokee County, Ala. 3rd Lt. Charles Bell, Cherokee County, Ala. Co. D or E (unclear in article) Capt. John T. Burns, Chattooga County 1st Lt. Clayton Withers, Chattooga County

2nd Lt. T. M. Hill, Chattooga County 3rd Lt. Joseph W. Yates, Chattooga County Co. G Capt. John Lay, Floyd County 1st Lt. John Hall, Floyd County 2nd Lt. William James, Cherokee County, Ala. 3rd Lt. Charles Bale, Floyd County Co. H Capt. James Harlow, Chattooga County 1st Lt. Joel Withers, Walker County 2nd Lt. C. C. Knox, Chattooga County 3rd Lt. Robert Harlow, Chattooga County Co. I Capt. John McConnell, Gordon County 1st Lt. Berry Boaz, Gordon County 2nd Lt. James Roberts, Gordon County 3rd Lt. H. King, Gordon County Co. K Capt. Nathan Napier, Walker County 1st Lt. Henry Dean, Floyd County 2nd Lt. William Cheney, Chattooga County 3rd Lt. Flemmon Moss, Chattooga County As listed in a Jan. 9, 1914, article from The Summerville News that includes an 1885 article from the Walker County Messenger.

AUGUST 2013

7KH )DPRXV WK *HRUJLD &DYDOU\ DURING A %\ 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII VISIT to the Summerville Library, genealogist Mike Rutledge of Boaz, Ala., discovered a trove of information about the 6th Georgia Cavalry mustered from Northwest Georgia and Eastern Alabama counties. Rutledge posted on USGenWeb Archives a Jan. 9, 1914, article from The Summerville News that includes an 1885 article from the Walker County Messenger. In it, Dr. C. C. L. Rudicil shared documents belonging to his father, Dr. R.Y. Rudicil of Chattooga County, who served as the regiment’s surgeon. Among them was a roster of “the famous 6th Georgia Cavalry,� along with an

overview of its campaigns. The roster is excerpted in the box at left. The overview of the regiment’s campaigns by its surgeon, R. Y. Rudicil was dated Aug. 10, 1880. Rudicil described the formation of the 6th Georgia Cavalry from the cavalry battalion of Smith’s Legion and the addition of three companies. As a regiment, it was part of a brigade with the 1st Georgia Calvary, 5th Tennessee, 56th North Carolina and Rucker’s Legion and Hewall’s Battery, under Brigadier General John Pegram. “In this Brigade it served until after the Battle of Chickamauga, in which its losses were very heavy,� Rudicil wrote. FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

$XJXVWXV 5RPDOGXV :ULJKW 3RUWUDLW “ I was sent immediately to Atlanta, where I spent a day RI D VROGLHU FRPPDQGHU MXVWLFH with Gen. Sherman, dined

IT WAS %\ /$85(1 -21(6 DURING 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII 1864 that Augustus Romaldus Wright was introduced to President Abraham Lincoln by none other then General W.T. Sherman himself. Local historian Margaret Hollingsworth’s research and transcriptions yielded a letter from Wright to Col. I. W. Avery who asked for Wright’s recollections of his meeting with Sherman. The following excerpt is taken from Wright’s written response: “In the fall of 1864, while the Federal army under Gen. Corse was at Rome, and Gen. Sherman was at Atlanta, I was arrested one night about midnight, on my farm on Coosa River, just over the Alabama line 21 miles below Rome, where I had refuged to get out of the way of the army. I was sent

immediately to Atlanta, where I spent a day with Gen. Sherman, dined with him alone and had much conversation with him. He was exceedingly anxious to make peace, I must do him the justice to say not so much, as it appeared to me, from any _____ of not having ultimate and complete victory, as from the terrible devastation of the country that must ensue from further prosecution of war. He desired to send me personally to Washington to see and converse with President Lincoln and convey to Mr. Davis the liberal sentiments of the President and which he seemed to think if known by President Davis would incline him to peace. He also desired me to say to Governor Brown, if I recollect correctly that if Georgia would treat separately for peace, the same terms should be guaranteed to each state in the Union accepting them. He said he would immediately countermarch his

army from Georgia soil and permit no further ravages of war.� Augustus Romaldus Wright, born June 16, 1813, was elected as a Democrat to the 35th U.S. Congress and served from March 4, 1857, to March 3, 1859, as a delegate to Georgia Secession Convention and to the Confederate Secession Convention. Wright was born in Wrightsboro and later attended the University of Georgia in Athens. He studied law at Litchfield Law School in Connecticut and was admitted to the bar in 1835. He began practicing law in Crawfordville and then moved to Cassville where he served as a judge of the superior courts of the Cherokee Circuit from 1842 until 1849.

FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

with him alone and had much conversation with him....He desired to send me personally to Washington to see and converse with President Lincoln and convey to Mr. Davis the liberal sentiments of the President and which he seemed to think if known by President Davis would incline him to peace.

�

Augustus Romaldus Wright on his meeting with General W.T. Sherman

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013 FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH Pegram’s Brigade captured Wolford’s Regiment at Philadelphia, Tenn., and participated in the siege at Knoxville with the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Georgia Regiments during the winter of 1863. In early spring 1864, Rudicil said, the brigade was ordered to Georgia where it “was engaged in all the conflicts of arms from Resaca to Savannah, and on to Bentonville,

North Carolina and surrendered with General Johnson’s army.” Rudicil said the officers and most of the troops had been fighting under different commands before the battalion was organized in 1862, and few of the officers lasted to its last encampment. “Dead, wounded or worn out from exposure, the officers were few and the line was short but all who answered the roll call of the 6th Georgia Regiment were patriots indeed,” Rudicil wrote.

“ Dead, wounded or worn out from exposure, the officers were few and the line was short but all who answered the roll call of the 6th Georgia Regiment were patriots indeed.” Dr. R.Y. Rudicil, surgeon to the 6th Georgia Cavalry

FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH He resigned and resumed practicing law, moving to Rome in 1855. After being elected to Congress, where he opposed secession, Wright was offered provisional governorship of Georgia by President Abraham Lincoln, but declined the offer. He served as a member of the Confederate Congress and during the Civil War, organized Wright’s Legion, which was mustered in with the 38th Georgia Infantry, of which he was appointed colonel on Aug. 27, 1861. However, a demand by civil government for his services induced him to resign his commission as commander on Feb. 14, 1862. Devoting most of his time during the remainder of the war to civil government, Wright resumed practicing law in Rome after the war and was a member of the Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1877. Wright died on March 31, 1891, at age of 77, at his home “Glenwood,” near Rome. He is buried at Myrtle Hill Cemetery. Wright proved to be shrewd

lawyer in the courtroom after the war. According to “A History of Rome and Floyd County” by George M. Battey, the following case is on record at the Floyd County Courthouse: On Wednesday, July 12, 1869, two brothers, Adolphus and R. Pass were arraigned for stealing a pig from a man named Warren. The case coming to trail in the Superior Court before Judge Francis A. Kirby, Wright addressed the jury on behalf of the accused, after the solicitor, Joel Branham had concluded his argument. “Gentlemen of the Jury, these men fought gallantly for their county during the war. “It is true they are poor while their accuser is prosperous; and the plaintiff not only did not fight, but he hired a substitute to fight for him. I ask you to take into account the unusual circumstances of the case, as well as the denial of the defendants.” The jury deliberated a few minutes and returned with a verdict substantially as follows: “On account of the scarcity of meat and hardness of the times, we, the jury, find the defendants not guilty.”

PAGE 15

Roster of Miller’s Rifles on May 26, 1861 Officers J. R. Towers, Captain E. W. Hull, 1st. Lieutenant Dunlap Scott, 2d Lieutenant A. R. Harper, 3d Lieutenant, Non-commissioned Officers O. B. Eve, Orderly Sergeant John Berry, 2d Sergeant J. L. Skinner, 3d Sergeant C. C. Campbell, 4th Sergeant B. F. Price, 5th Sergeant A. C. Morrison, 1st Corporal T. J. Hill, Corporal 3d Corporal R.B. Wright, 4th Corporal Privates S H Adams L B Arnold S B Asbury T W Asbury W J Andrews Dr. A M Boyd Edmund Bishop R N Bowden A J Bobo V A. Bell John Baily W P Coleman N R Coleman W J Cannon W T Cornelius S H Chambers J H Cooper K P Diamond E R Diamond J T Duane Elijah Donnough J H Davis J J Davis J C Eve W J Evans Silas Embry E M Eason J T Eason J Earp M Funderburke W L Foster N S Fain L L Floyd E P Griffith W M Greer T J Glenn

HT Garrett R J F Hill W A Hardin C M Harper D C Harper H C Harper Charles Hooper Gabriel Jones W A King Frank Lathrop J R Leazer Wm Leazer Maj. John Minton J H Miller H L Miller J M Montgomery Tyler Motes Thomas Mobley J L Mitchell W H May W T McNatt J E Moore Joe McKinzie Jno. O Oswaltz M L Palmer W M Parks GW Payne J L Pyle R D Price PW Quarls J W Robertson Jourdon Reese F M Reynolds W H Skinner T C Sparks T J Self J H Silvey J M Taylor W J Taylor T E Thornhill D S Teat S C Trout W P Trout M M Wright A J Wilkins L B Wimpee J T Wimpee W S Wimpee B F Whitehead W W Ware L I Yarbrough

As listed in the Pamphlet “A Soldier’s Duty” by Rev. John Jones. 1861

PAGE 16

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013

3RON &RXQW\ OLIH LQ ZDUWLPH BY 1861, POLK nearly every family in Polk County %\ 0(/2',( '$5(,1* sugar cane and Black COUNTY was Angus cattle in the had someone fighting with the 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII considered one of 1940s and it’s likely Confederate Army. the wealthiest and that was true in the midDelegates were appointed to the influential communities 1800s as well. Georgia Congress in late January in Georgia. There were also 1861 and the first According to “Polk County, small acreage farmers Provisional Congress Georgia The First One Hundred and many of them met in February 1861. Polk County’s Years” by Larry D. Carter, the 1860 help to create the Polk The state was four companies census counted 6,295 residents in the County Farmers Club, divided into eight county. Of those, 3,853 were white the state’s oldest club, districts and Polk that joined the and 2,440 were listed as slaves. Two in 1861. It includes County was in the Confederate Army black residents were free. six members from eighth district with John C. Crabb’s Some Native Americans not forced Rockmart and six Alexander H. Stephens Cavalry 123 out by federal troops set up a peaceful from Cedartown. of Taliaferro County Company A 1st community near Big Spring and near However, there was representing it. Georgia Calvary the Battle homestead in Esom Hill and, no railroad and no Five men (battalion although they lived apart from whites, newspaper then. represented Polk assignment) there were business connections The area had County in the James D. Waddell’s between the two groups. Eulalie local odd sorts in its Senate and House of Infantry, 117, Wilson said some also lived on her citizenry, including Representatives during Company D, 20th ancestors’ Collard Valley plantation. a Native American the war and they were Georgia Infantry Polk County’s social scene was called Crazy Joe, who senators James Ware, bustling prior to the Civil War. There befriended John Phillips E. William Hubbard, The Cedartown Guards, were society marriages between on his Collard Valley and S.L. Strickland 151, Company D, 21st Georgia notable sons and daughters across plantation, and a man and representatives Infantry Polk County, according to historical named Zeke Kerbo, a James F. Dever and records and cemetery plots noting the juryman who settled on John L. Dodds. The Polk County Rifles, unions. James D. Waddell, the son of Rockmart Road near Local leaders 160 Phillips’ Legion a Presbyterian minister in Marietta, the Wimberly place in began to create Infantry Battalion had entered a law partnership with the 1850s. defense units in E.D. Chisholm in Cedartown. He had Kerbo was noted to August 1861, to married Mendora H. Sparks of Polk be the “ugliest man” protect the area County. Thomas Hightower moved his in the area and wore mostly dusty should war come. family from Newton County to Polk work clothes and a duster coat, but he Eventually, Polk County sent four County, where they developed a mill at was totally devoted to his wife and his units to fight in the war, but some what is now known as Hightower Falls. strong character earned him respect in anxious men joined neighboring units Many of the new settlers were the community. early on in the effort, according to from Virginia and they brought This is the backdrop of the War “The First One Hundred Years.” wealth, refinement and a busy social Between the States. Polk County companies that joined scene to the rural area, according to a Or as Mrs. Wilson calls it “The the Confederate Army were John Cedartown newspaper article. War of Northern Aggression.” C. Crabb’s Cavalry 123 Company They also brought tailors, furniture A; 1st Georgia Calvary (battalion The beginnings of war craftsman, cobblers, racehorse assignment); James D. Waddell’s breeders and carriages imported from Georgia’s Secession Convention Infantry, 117, Company D, 20th Kentucky. Debutantes attended the delegates met Jan. 19, 1861, to vote Georgia Infantry; the Cedartown Woodland Female Academy. There on secession. It was not, as some Guards, 151, Company D, 21st Georgia were numerous stores in downtown may think, a unanimous decision. Infantry; and the Polk County Rifles, Cedartown, along with a popular Delegates from Floyd, Haralson and 160 Phillips’ Legion Infantry Battalion. tavern on the corner of Main and Paulding Counties voted for it while All of the companies fought delegates from Cass (now Bartow elsewhere during the beginning of the Rockmart Streets. It was a farming community County) voted against. Polk County’s war, including Virginia, Kentucky, with each of the plantations hosting delegates, who were Thomas W. Tennessee and the Carolinas. thousands of acres in crops. Although Deupree and W.E. West, voted against The first four Polk County men to the only crop listed in historical leaving the Union. enlist in the Confederate Army were accounts was corn, Eulalie Wilson Local accounts in the 1954 Joseph A. Blance, William Kellet, said her family also raised cotton, commemorative newspaper said Josh Eaton and Adam Guthrie. They

left with Waddell, who had practiced law until the war began, on March 4, 1861. Waddell, 28, was a captain in the 20th Georgia Infantry Division. Others who left Polk County with that company included 1st Lt. S.W. Blance; 2nd Lt. D.L. Peek; 3rd Lt. R.R. Thompson and 1st Sgt William Blalock. The division was the first sent from Polk County, records state. Capt. Henry F. Wimberly commanded the second Polk County company. Other noted officers under his command included Lt. John L. Dodds and 3rd Lt. Julius A. Peek. The third company, which Col. William Phillips commanded, included Capt. Stephen A. Borders, 1st Lt. Henry Thomas Battle, 2nd Lt. Troop Witcher, and 1st Lt. Calvin Philpot. William Riley Brock was living in Van Wert when the war broke out, according to documents that Carter collected. He enlisted in Co. K “Rowland Infantry,” 18th Georgia Regiment, Feb. 23, 1862. Other local men who joined the Confederacy included Seaborn Jones Jr. and William Phillips. Both became commanding officers of infantry divisions. Overall, Carter states in his book that residents weren’t worried about war coming to Polk County. There wasn’t overwhelming industry, especially in Cedartown, as in other cities like Atlanta and it was a relatively new county so it posed little threat. The area was in a divided, but in a somewhat celebratory mood, during first few months after secession and before the official start of the war. Noted Confederate soldier and lawyer James Waddell wrote of this mood in letters to his wife, Mendora, and those letters are detailed in “The First One Hundred Years.” Waddell’s first letter, dated Jan. 25, 1861, talked about how saddened he was to hear that West and Deupree voted against secession when so many people wanted it. FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

AUGUST 2013 FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH He had been invited to speak at a grand torchlight procession in Van Wert that night, but couldn’t attend. The procession was to be an independencetype of celebration event. Locals also debated the issue of whether or not to fight. Haden Prior, son of notable Asa Prior, and his son, John T., did not believe war was a good way to settle disputes between the North and South, according to historical information gathered by the Olin Gammage family. However, John T. did think it was his duty to do what was requested once the war began. He left with the Highland Rangers on April 5, 1862, but soon returned after hiring a substitute to fight in his stead.The information from the Gammages states that John T. felt the war was a lost cause for the South. According to Carter’s book, 551 soldiers from Polk County fought in the war. That was 8.8 percent of the county’s population, according to the 1860 census. One of the first things that happened locally was the Cedartown post office closed in 1861 and didn’t reopen until after the war. That made it difficult for relatives, which consisted of mostly women, children, the elderly, and slaves, to keep in touch with men fighting the war. Historical records suggest that residents would gather downtown to look at names every time a list of fatalities was sent out. The Woodland (sometimes spelled Woodlawn) Female Academy closed, as did the Mosely Academy on Cave Spring Road. The Methodist Church remained unaffected until 1864 when it combined with Cave Spring. Local communities began gathering food and other items to help the wives and children of soldiers, especially for those men wounded or killed in the war. Off to the battles Mendora Waddell, wife of noted Confederate soldier and lawyer James Waddell, mentions in a June 7, 1863, letter the concern she had because of a lack of communication from her husband. She also writes of concern for her brother, who was serving in Vicksburg, because of no communication with him.

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY She had cause to be worried, because according to Carter’s book. in July 1863 Maj. James Waddell was Augustin Youngs had four sons fighting in Gettysburg, where he took serving in the Confederacy, with all over as lieutenant colonel. surviving and eventually coming Many of Polk County’s young home, according to newspaper articles men served with distinction and Carter’s book. Others weren’t so throughout the war. Records indicate fortunate and would find the name of that even the federal government a loved one posted on the fatality list recognized the gallantry of Waddell posted downtown. and others in Gettysburg, in light of The newspaper noted in its 1954 the fact that so many officers of the edition that the war had severely 20th Georgia Infantry Regiment were affected the community and “nearly killed in battle. every family lost one in the war.” Waddell, who The 1897 rose to the rank of reprinted article colonel, was noted listed affected for possibly being the families as the most wounded soldier Bunns, the Peeks, from Polk County, the Wests, the Priors, according to a 1897 the Witchers, the reprinted article. Crabbs, the Hoggs, Waddell was wounded the Gibsons, and at least five times, the the Chisholms. 1st article stated. Lt. Ham Jones was Other Polk killed in the battle County men rose in of South Mountain rank. Col. Morrison and many of the 20th led the 1st Georgia Georgia Infantry Cavalry from Polk Regiment were killed County, according to along with Col. newspaper accounts. Jones at Gettysburg. Lt. Dr. Branch also The writer stated 3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI 9DQLVKLQJ *HRUJLD $UFKLYHV served in that cavalry. that Rod Gilet was Julius Peek, standing by Crabb 0RQUHHO 6WRQH <DQNHH when he was killed who became 1st 8QLIRUP 3LFWXUH ZDV Lieutenant, and at the Battle of another officer named Murfreesboro, and 1st SLFNHG XS RQ WKH Lt. Cook took over the EDWWOHILHOG DW WKH %DWWOH Lt. Judge Hutchins command, according was also shot with RI *HWW\VEXUJ to an early 1900s Crabb, which pushed reprinted article. Vesse Crabb into the The article stated first lieutenant slot. that Peek and Cook were so skilled Dr. Chisolm was a surgeon who that other officers decided to place violated orders to put Billy Gibson themselves under their command, in an ambulance when he was shot even though these officers currently through the heart. Ultimately, that saved outranked Peek and Cook. Gibson’s life, according to the article. “This was something never known There were some less heroic to have been done before in any war,” stories of war reported as well. the writer stated. Asa West, who was alive at The article lists some of the the time the 1897 article was first others who served as Warren Green, published, told how he held down a Jerry Phillips, Jim and Bill Bridges, “stingy old farmer” while other boys William Crocker, Tom Daniel, John in his unit plundered the man’s house Gravelly, Tom Beasley, Jim Jordan, for hams and food. According to Asa Jim Barber, Jake Davitte, Uncle West, the farmer had plenty of food, Tommy McCormick, Little John but refused to feed them. Hackney, and Asa and Ben West. Troubles on the home front Ben West was a general wagonmaster for the 1st Georgia Life had become hard for those Calvary. Thomas Hightower enlisted left in Polk County. Union armies as a private in June 1861 and became had begun to cut off supply lines, a 1st lieutenant in March 1862, preventing food, medicine and other

PAGE 17 items from getting to local citizens, according to “The First One Hundred Years.” Mendora Waddell talks in letters about the scarcity and the high prices of items, although she was sending her husband fresh clothes and getting new shoes made for him in Rome. The wounded were coming home and had to be cared for and many people locally were getting sick from small pox and whooping cough. Eulalie Wilson said she would not have wanted to be a woman in that time. She said the women had been left alone with all the men off to war. “It was simply the slaves and the women who had to work so hard,” she said. Carter makes note of the scarcity and illness in his book. Coffee was hard to find and basic necessities like clothing, food and medicine were in high demand and expensive. Merchants put new restrictions on credit and taxes went up. Residents, even the wealthier ones, began eating “hardtrack,” which was a crusty, unsalted biscuit.People learned to live off the land. They grew gardens, hunted and fished to survive. By this time, according to Carter, all the schools were closed. Local governments couldn’t keep going with daily activities. Waddell mentions in a June 1863 letter that local men were forming a new Cedartown Company to defend Rome and the surrounding area. Luther Peek, a 23-year-old local farmer had joined Company D, Phillips Region, Polk County Rifles, early in the war. She said he was now back from service and had gathered 50 men, along with other older men, to prepare for resistance in case of a local attack. Waddell wrote about Peek’s wedding. Parties and social affairs had stopped with the war and apparently this event was a refreshing moment. She also mentioned the young people in the community were holding a concert and dance to benefit soldiers. It appeared, from her letter, to be well-attended largely because it had been a long time since such an event was held. Fear in town was also intensifying by late summer of 1863 as the fighting was getting closer. Northern troops were in Cedar Bluff, Ala., and in Chattanooga.

PAGE 18

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013

7LGHV RI &KDQJH LQ $IULFDQ $PHULFDQ GRFWRUV QXUVHV

THE MANY %\ $%%,*$,/ /(1121 anywhere, I am not fit to DEBATABLE ISSUES hold my commission,â€? 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII that arise over why the said Augusta in a letter Civil War was fought to the weekly black can be numerous, just as the number newspaper, The Christian Recorder. of men and women who fought and These men’s actions as decorated sacrificed for their individual causes. servicemen arguably evoked the Many of these stories are recounted wheels of change to begin turning. through memoirs or generational Though many African Americans tales. The contribution of African did not become active in the medical Americans’ involvement and impact in field until 1863, following Lincoln’s the medical field during the Civil War Emancipation Proclamation, African is often an untold part of the conflict. American women also made their To date, more light is being shed historical debut in the medical field. through research about African Charlotte Forten, born in Americans practicing in freedmen’s Philadelphia, became the first African hospitals from Washington D.C. to American to travel to the South to Savannah. A book titled “Prologue to nurse and teach others. Change: African Americans in Medicine “Spending much of her time in South in the Civil War Eraâ€? by Dr. Robert Carolina, she volunteered as a nurse in Slawson, even documents the prominent the summer of 1863, caring for wounded role African Americans played in the soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts medical field before the Civil War. Regiment of the United States Colored Another educational forum is a Infantry after their defeat at Fort traveling and online exhibit titled Wagner,â€? according to the exhibit. “Binding Wounds, Pushing Boundaries: “Although her time as a nurse was African Americans in Civil War brief due to illness, she understood Medicineâ€? created by Jill L. Newmark the impact nurses made on wounded of the National Library of Medicine. soldiers. While capturing her hospital The exhibit “looks at the men and observations in a daily journal, she women who served as surgeons and noted this about a 19-year-old soldier, nurses and how their work as medical ‘He is very badly wounded‌in both providers challenged the prescribed legs‌this poor fellow suffers terribly. notions of race and gender.â€? But he utters no complaint, and it is According to Newmark the only touching to see his gratitude for the least documentation of African American kindness that one does him.â€? doctors in the medical field in Georgia is Susie King Taylor, another African at the Freedman’s hospital in Savannah at American woman, documented her the Lincoln Freedmen’s Hospital. experiences as a nurse during the Two prominent African American Civil War. “Her ‘unselfish devotion Civil War doctors, Alexander T. and service through more than three Augusta and Charles H. Taylor served long years of war in which the 33d at this hospital. Regiment bore a conspicuous part in Augusta and Abbott not only achieved the great conflict for human liberty and military ranks of major and lieutenant the restoration of the Union,’ wrote Lt. contract surgeons, Augusta also initiated Col. Trowbridge, commander of the social reform when he stood up during a regiment in a letter to Taylor. court martial addressing an attack on him Sources: U.S. National Library for wearing his uniform on a Baltimore of Medicine’s National Institute of streetcar in 1863. Health “Binding Wounds, Pushing â€œâ€Śmy position as an officer of Boundaries: African Americans in Civil the United States, entitles me to wear War Medicine.â€? http://www.nlm.nih.gov/ the insignia of my office, and if I am either afraid or ashamed to wear them, exhibition/bindingwounds/within.html

3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI (DVW &DUROLQD 8QLYHUVLW\

6XVLH .LQJ 7D\ORU 6XVLH .LQJ 7D\ORU V PHPRLUV DUH WKH RQO\ NQRZQ SXEOLVKHG UHFROOHFWLRQ RI WKH H[SHULHQFHV RI DQ $IULFDQ $PHULFDQ QXUVH GXULQJ WKH &LYLO :DU ,Q D OHWWHU WR 7D\ORU UHSURGXFHG LQ KHU ERRN /W &RORQHO & 7 7URZEULGJH FRPPDQGHU RI WKH UHJLPHQW SUDLVHV KHU XQVHOILVK GHYRWLRQ DQG VHUYLFH WKURXJK PRUH WKDQ WKUHH ORQJ \HDUV RI ZDU LQ ZKLFK WKH G 5HJLPHQW ERUH D FRQVSLFXRXV SDUW LQ WKH JUHDW FRQIOLFW IRU KXPDQ OLEHUW\ DQG WKH UHVWRUDWLRQ RI WKH 8QLRQ

AUGUST 2013

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 19

3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI 0RRUODQG 6SLQJDUQ 5HVHDUFK &HQWHU +RZDUG 8QLYHUVLW\

&KDUORWWH )RUWHQ FDSWXUHG KHU H[SHULHQFHV GXULQJ WKH ZDU LQ GDLO\ HQWULHV LQ KHU MRXUQDO

3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI 1DWLRQDO $UFKLYHV :DVKLQJWRQ ' &

1DVKYLOOH $IULFDQ $PHULFDQ KRVSLWDO ZRUNHUV DQG QXUVHV DW D KRVSLWDO LQ 1DVKYLOOH 7HQQ -XO\

3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI 7RURQWR 3XEOLF /LEUDU\ $EERWW &ROOHFWLRQ

3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI 2EODWH 6LVWHUV RI 3URYLGHQFH $UFKLYHV

$QGHUVRQ 5 $EERWW FLUFD ± D &DQDGLDQ SK\VLFLDQ ZDV ERUQ LQ +H UHFHLYHG KLV PHGLFDO HGXFDWLRQ DW WKH 7RURQWR 6FKRRO RI 0HGLFLQH LQ 2QWDULR SULRU WR DSSO\LQJ IRU D SRVLWLRQ ZLWK WKH 8QLRQ $UP\ DV D VXUJHRQ $EERWW VHUYHG DV D FRQWUDFW VXUJHRQ DW &RQWUDEDQG +RVSLWDO LQ :DVKLQJWRQ ' & EHJLQQLQJ LQ -XQH DQG DV VXUJHRQ LQ FKDUJH EHJLQQLQJ LQ

$OH[DQGHU 7 $XJXVWD 0 ' ZDV IUHHERUQ LQ 1RUIRON 9LUJLQLD LQ +H VRXJKW D PHGLFDO HGXFDWLRQ LQ &DQDGD DIWHU EHLQJ GHQLHG DGPLWWDQFH WR PHGLFDO VFKRRO LQ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV EHFDXVH RI KLV FRORU $XJXVWD EHFDPH WKH ILUVW $IULFDQ $PHULFDQ FRPPLVVLRQHG PHGLFDO RIILFHU LQ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV $UP\ ZKHQ KH ZDV DSSRLQWHG VXUJHRQ ZLWK WKH 8QLRQ $UP\ LQ $SULO +H ZDV IULHQG DQG PHQWRU

3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI 1DWLRQDO $UFKLYHV DQG 5HFRUGV $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ

WR IHOORZ EODFN VXUJHRQ $QGHUVRQ 5 $EERWW DQG ZRUNHG VLGH E\ VLGH ZLWK KLP DW &RQWUDEDQG +RVSLWDO LQ :DVKLQJWRQ ' & $XJXVWD VHUYHG DV VXUJHRQ LQ FKDUJH DW &RQWUDEDQG +RVSLWDO IORRU SODQ DERYH IRU VL[ PRQWKV EHIRUH PXVWHULQJ LQ ZLWK KLV UHJLPHQW

WKH WK ,QIDQWU\ RI WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV &RORUHG 7URRSV DV WKHLU UHJLPHQWDO VXUJHRQ &RQWUDEDQG &DPS DQG +RVSLWDO LQ :DVKLQJWRQ ' & FRQVLVWHG RI WHQWV DQG ZRRGHQ EDUUDFNV WKDW VHUYHG DV KRVSLWDO ZDUGV DQG WHPSRUDU\ KRXVLQJ IRU IXJLWLYH VODYHV

PAGE 20

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013

)RU WKH ORYH RI &HFHOLD 6WRYDOO AS ANGRY %\ /$85(1 -21(6 FLAMES from 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII Gen. William T. Sherman’s torch tore at Southern structures leaving soil charred, livestock fleeing for wetter ground and many without food or shelter, one home was left unscathed by the general whose name became synonymous with crippling fear. The home, formerly known as Shelman Heights, stood tall at Shelman’s Bluff in Bartow County just west of Cartersville throughout the bloodstained years of the War Between the States, not because of pity or chance, but because of the hauntingly beautiful eyes of the home’s mistress, Cecelia Stovall Shelman, Sherman’s first love. The love story began in 1836, when Cecelia went to visit her brother Marcellus, who was attending West Point Military Academy. When she met her brother’s roommate

– none other than Sherman himself – he couldn’t help but to fall in love with her. According to AboutNorthGeorgia. com, Cecelia was the daughter of a wealthy Augusta cotton merchant and frankly met Sherman’s advances, saying, “Your eyes are so cold and cruel. I pity the man who ever becomes your foe. Ah, how you would crush an enemy.” It has been said that Sherman responded “Even though you were my enemy, my dear, I would ever love and protect you.” However, the following year marked Marcellus Stovall’s resignation from West point due to ill health, and he decided to tour Europe. His sister accompanied him and was in London to witness the coronation of Queen Victoria. Afterwards, she returned to Augusta where another West Point graduate piqued her senses.

“ You once said that I would crush an enemy and you pitied my foe. Do you recall my reply? Although many years have passed, my answer is the same. I would ever shield and protect you. That I have done. Forgive all else. I am only a soldier.” General Willaim T. Sherman, in a note left at the home of Cecelia Stovall Shelman

FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

:DONHU &RXQW\·V SXEOLF OLEUDULHV VHUYH WR SUHVHUYH &LYLO :DU KLVWRU\ ON ANY %\ 0$77 /('*(5 GIVEN DAY, 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII citizens and visitors can revisit a number of Walker County’s historical periods by visiting any of the Cherokee Regional Library System’s four branches. Each branch — Chickamauga, LaFayette, Rossville and Trenton — has its own room dedicated to volumes detailing the rich history that has occurred in the Peach State, both triumphant and tragic. Locally, two costly days in 1863, now known as the Battle of Chickamauga, are the most widely known. That conflict was named for Chickamauga Creek, not the native Indian tribe called “Chickamaugans” who were led by chief Dragging Canoe. Nor was it named for the large

plantation area with a post office where much of the battle occurred. That place, where a mansion remains and fresh water still bubbles from the ground, Crawfish Springs was renamed Chickamauga in 1891. The Chickamauga Library’s Heritage Room has shelves filled with volumes pertaining to the Civil War, including some by local authors. James Sartain’s “The History of Walker County (Vol. 1)” written in 1932, tells the story of the county before, during and after the Civil War. The book’s third chapter details an antebellum period when John McDonald, a Scottish trader, built what is known as the John Ross House. Ross eventually became leader of the Cherokee Nation. He was involved in negotiations during Andrew Jackson’s tenure as

president in 1830 that resulted in the removal, better known as the Trail of Tears, of American Indians from their Southeastern homelands. Today that chief’s name lives on, both in Rossville, Ga., and at Ross’ Landing, on the Tennessee River, in Chattanooga. Pre-war land owner and Confederate general John B. Gordon’s experiences in the Chickamauga Campaign are among other events Sartain recounts. The book’s 20th chapter, “Civil War Terrorists,” details the incredible hardships civilians faced following Gen. Robert E. Lee’s surrender at Appomattox. Current resident and long-time historian Raymond Evans has authored several books about the mid-19th century, including “The Civil War in Walker County,” and

0HVVHQJHU SKRWR 0DWW /HGJHU

7KHVH DUH WZR RI WKH KXQGUHGV RI &LYLO :DU HUD ERRNV DYDLODEOH DW ORFDO OLEUDULHV “Chickamauga: Civil War Impact on an Area.” Most recently, the library was given a copy of “A History & Guide to the Monuments of Chickamauga National History Park,” a catalogue of the more than 700 monuments, markers and tablets that commemorate those who fought on the hallowed grounds of Chickamauga FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

AUGUST 2013 FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH But the soldier, Richard Garnett, who was stationed at the U.S. Arsenal, did not have a large enough salary to suit Cecelia’s father. Cecelia left for South Carolina to visit relatives and the romance suffocated. While in South Carolina, Cecelia met and fell in love with Charles T. Shelman, who was a native of Cass (now Bartow) County. Her father approved of this match and the two were married in 1848. Later, the Shelmans would return to Bartow County where Shelman would build his wife a beautiful, white home with six Doric columns atop a bluff overlooking the Etowah River. The home provided a serene shelter when the Civil War began in 1861. The years passed and Sherman rose through the ranks for his cunning and ruthless reputation. As a general, Sherman arrived at Shelman Heights in 1864, deciding to see what it had to offer despite the fact it was slightly off his course. When the general arrived, he and a fellow officer were met by an elderly slave who is said to have lamented, “I sho’ly is glad Miss Cecelia

FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH Many older books chronicle legendary generals, rebel or federal, and movements of entire armies — the common currency of military histories. But some are rare treasures, offering precious gems that are the first-hand accounts of combat as seen by those who fought and died in the front lines of battle. One such book, “A Life for the Confederacy� by Robert A. Moore, consists of more than two years of dairy entries by Moore, who was mortally wounded during the Battle of Chickamauga. Moore’s fascination with newspapers led him to track his daily life from his departure from Holly Springs, Miss.,, during the first chapter aptly named, “I wish the Yankees would quit troubling us.� Moore begins with rich details of his experiences, but those accounts become shorter and more despondent as he wearies of war. In an entry penned a few weeks before his death, Moore wrote, “It is indeed a dark hour, but we have seen

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY ain’t here to see it with her own eyes.� “Miss Cecelia?� Sherman is said to echoed, “Not Miss Cecelia Stovall?� After it was confirmed that the two were indeed referring to the same woman, only now married, Sherman asked to be received by his former belle. He was told that Capt. Shelman was in the Confederate Army, and that Cecelia had fled the area. Sherman left a note that still remains in the family today. Before riding off, Sherman made sure that everything that had been taken was replaced, and he made sure guards were left to stand watch until the entire army passed through. Upon Cecelia’s return, she read a note that was handed to her by her servant: “You once said that I would crush an enemy and you pitied my foe. Do you recall my reply? Although many years have passed, my answer is the same. I would ever shield and protect you. That I have done. Forgive all else. I am only a soldier. Wm. T. Sherman.� Though the home did eventually burn to the ground on New Year’s day in 1911. Cecelia spent the rest of her life cloaked by her beautiful home until her death in 1904. as dark before. If our cause be just, we will yet triumph.� Another book in the library’s collection details a long-forgotten vessel that shared a connection to the area. John Hairr’s “CSS Chickamauga� reflects on the boat that “took the war to the people of the North.� The converted “blockade runner� became a “commerce raider� commissioned late in the war as one of many dispatched as a “last ditch attempt at independence.� The vessel completed a single mission as raider but managed to destroy several Union ships. The crew of the CSS Chickamauga was forced to abandon the ship during a treacherous attempt to navigate Cape Fear, off the Carolina coast. The ship found trouble at the Devil’s Elbow, a place where flooded areas and faster currents converged. Knowing the ferocious river would consume their ship, the Chickamauga’s crew offloaded as much equipment as possible setting their ship ablaze and scuttling it in an area that would hamper Union ship movements.

PAGE 21

$3 3KRWR 6DYDQQDK 0RUQLQJ 1HZV 6WHYH %LVVRQ

7KLV &RQIHGHUDWH XQLIRUP EHOW EXFNOH EHORQJHG WR D VROGLHU ZKR IRXJKW DQG GLHG DW WKH %DWWOH RI *HWW\VEXUJ 6DYDQQDK QDWLYH )UHGHULFN %OLVV ILUVW OLHXWHQDQW LQ FRPPDQG RI % &R RI WKH WK *HRUJLD ,QIDQWU\

&RQIHGHUDWH 0DMRU *HQHUDO 3LHUFH 0DQQLQJ %XWOHU <RXQJ RI &DUWHUVYLOOH ZDV SDUW RI *HWW\VEXUJ FDPSDLJQ PIERCE MANNING He was wounded in 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII BUTLER YOUNG, the August 1863, promoted son of doctor R.M.Young, to brigadier general and, was born Nov. 15, 1835 in shortly after, Young took over Spartanburg S.C. command Hampton’s brigade. The family moved when Young The brigade saw more action at was a child to Cartersville, in Bristoe Station and the Mine Run Bartow County, where his father Campaign in Virginia. hired private tutors for his children. Young’s final promotion came in At age 13 he began attending December 1864, when he was made the Georgia Military Institute in a major general while defending Marietta. He studied law, then Savannah. He is said to be the received an appointment to the U.S. youngest major general to serve in Military Academy at West Point in the Confederate Army. 1857. Following the Civil War, Young returned to his family home of He roomed with George Walnut Grove in Cartersville and Armstrong Custer and was two took up the life of a planter. months short of graduation when When Georgia was readmitted to Georgia seceded in 1861. He resigned the Union, he served four terms in the to fight for the Confederacy. Custer United State House of Representatives. fought for the Union. He also had appointments as a consulYoung was appointed a second lieutenant in the 1st Georgia Infantry general in Russia and the United States Minister Plenipotentiary to and in July he was attached to Honduras and Guatemala. Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg’s Young died in New York City staff. By November, Young was a on July 6, 1896, on his way home lieutenant colonel and commanding after resigning his ministerial post cavalry in Cobb’s Legion. due to failing health. He is buried in His unit was attached to Wade Cartersville’s Oak Hill Cemetery. Hampton’s brigade, which was part of J.E.B. Stuart’s cavalry. Young Sources: “Pierce M.B. Young: was promoted to colonel for service The Warwick of the South� by at the Battle of Brandy Station and Lynwood Mathis Holland; the Huntertown, Pa., which was part of Etowah Valley Historical Society; the Gettysburg campaign. CivilWarReference.com.

PAGE 22

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013

*XHUULOOD VROGLHUV RI WKH 6RXWK FOR THE )URP &KHURNHH UNION &RXQW\ +HUDOG UHSRUWV ARMY, one might say, it was a black day in history when John Gatewood met Champ Ferguson. Author Larry Stephens discussed this Civil War alliance, which is recorded in his book “John P. Gatewood: Confederate Bushwhacker.” The story of the brutal bands of raiders who roamed Appalachia — including Northeast Alabama and Northwest Georgia — is told in Stephens’ words: Champ Ferguson was one of the most ruthless guerrillas of the entire war. Champ Ferguson was a big, scrapping fellow from Clinton County, Ky. and moved into Fentress County, Tenn. In 1858, he was living in Fentress County. He knew the Gatewood boys pretty well and he had arranged for a financial transaction with a certain fellow named Floyd Evans. He said “Floyd, will you take these hogs I have been raising, and sell them?” It was a dozen hogs. The average American was making $100 a year. You could get $50 for all these hogs. He said “You bring the money back and we will split the profits.” Floyd, for whatever reason, either didn’t understand or maybe he had his own agenda. He made the mistake of coming back to Champ and saying “Champ, I lost some of the hogs. I couldn’t break even, I lost money on the deal, I am sorry, I’ve got absolutely nothing. I am really sorry about this. I will make it up to you.” Later, one of Floyd’s prize stallions goes missing from his farm. Floyd makes the mistake of swearing out a warrant for Champ’s arrest. And he has the sheriff of Fentress County, Jim Reed, go to try and arrest Champ Ferguson. Well it really didn’t work out well. Champ beat the sheriff up — manhandled him and tied him to a tree, got on his horse and rode around

the tree. And every circle he made One of the theories that I have is around the tree, with the sabre he had that the Confederate Draft of April he hacked him across the midsection, 1862 kind of really ticked a lot of until he had cut the sheriff literally people off in Appalachia. They did in half. not want to serve So that was the Confederate his reputation Army. prior to the war. They had no After Middle vested interest Springs, Ky., in larger issues Champ loses encompassing his horse. the South. They He says “That had their own is it! These men little slice of who are leading the Garden of don’t know what Eden in those they are doing. mountains, and I am going to they didn’t want form my own to go and join up group, and we are with somebody going to become else. I understand Confederate the logic of that. bushwhackers. A lot of We are going those were poor, to become uneducated, did Confederate not care about guerrilas. We are the larger issues. going to have To heck with the our own style of state of Tennessee warfare that we or Kentucky, are going to make this is home. on the enemy!” Right here. Champ was So they had a the leader of deep allegiance to this new group their home. Also, in Fentress a lot of them and several were clannish. other counties. They had large, The Gatewood large cousins, boys are really all those people excited about that intermarried. this, and are They had their Champ Ferguson thinking about own village in the pitching in mountains there, with him. if you will. A lot of them A war within the war were bad to drink, but a lot of them Stephens offers an analysis of were also making moonshine on the the factors that may have led to side to supplement their poor incomes the emergence of bushwackers, of — and you can’t blame a man for guerrillas in Appalachia: trying to make a living with some “I was intrigued by the whole thing shine on the side and selling it to his about why people made war on each neighbors. other, why they made war on their Money is tight and a lot of them neighbors, each other, friends and had such a rough life, and they drank. what have you. And there are two or One thing I found was that, with three theories I have developed that I a lot of the killings, alcohol was have kind of expounded upon. involved in the killing.

“ That is it! These men

who are leading don’t know what they are doing. I am

going to form my own group, and we are going to become Confederate bushwhackers. We are going to become

Confederate guerrillas. We are going to have our own

style of warfare that we are

”

going to make on the enemy!

These people would fight each other at the drop of a hat. The whole thing is, you make war on one person in that clan, you make war on the entire clan. And then there is this whole issue of revenge. I firmly believe that a lot of people in Appalachia threw out the New Testament and just embraced the Old Testament, which is an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. Genesis 9:6 — He who takes a life, his life shall be forfeited — or what have you. I am paraphrasing. It is just this idea that you don’t make war on somebody’s clan, you don’t go up there drafting them into an Army they don’t care about. It is just a nasty situation and so this thing escalates into a war within the larger war. There were more than 800,000 men who served in the Confederate Army, but they could have had another 100,000 if all the men in Appalachia had gone to pitch in. However, of the 200,000 that were in Appalachia, very few actually chose the Confederacy. In fact, 40,000 men pitched in to actively fight for the Union. That outnumbers the total troop strength of three Northern states — Minnesota, Rhode Island and New Jersey, which I thought was kind of interesting.” Gatewood seeks out Ferguson In late 1862, John P. Gatewood and his brothers were serving in the Confederate Army when they received word from home that something bad had happened. They chose John to return and find out. Stephens continues the tale: “John was about 16 or 17 years of age when it happened. He went down and deserted — went AWOL and went home — and found out that his kid sister Sara, who he was very attached to, had been murdered and their mother had also died. He lost two of the most significant women in his life. FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013 FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH I can’t imagine being in a war and then to come home and find out that Union bushwhackers or federal cavalry or somebody has gotten your mother and your youngest sister. That created within him a psychological and emotional breakdown, if you will. He became consumed with simple revenge. I am sure it started out with “Let’s take care of the guys who did this and kill them,” and then it kind of morphed into a campaign as time went on. He became a bushwhacker and he pitched in with Champ Ferguson. All through 1863 he rides with Champ Ferguson and his men, and they don’t know if they got the guilty parties. We don’t know. There is not enough documentation. By February 1864, Gatewood and Ferguson and those men, now about 100 of them riding together, worked their way down into White County. It’s a crossroads between Nashville and Knoxville, kind of a junction in Middle Tennessee with East Tennesse. There are trains going through

there being ambushed by Champ Ferguson and all of his men. The federals get serious about defending those wagon trains and they send the 5th U.S. Tennessee Mounted Infantry into that area to clean that up. So Col. William Brickley Stokes and the 5th Tennessee U.S. Mounted Infantry — native Tennesseans suited up in the blue — are going in there to try to fight these bushwhackers. And on Feb. 22, 1864, two companies of these federals are riding along this area along the Camp Killer River, a road parallel with the Camp Killer River Duck Hill Gap, and they get ambushed by the Confederates. Confederates were on both sides of the river. They killed them all except for three guys. Gatewood walks down there and gets ready to kill these men. Someone said, “Hold on John, we have to fight for ammunition,” so he found a river rock, forced these three federals to their knees and then busted their skulls wide open like watermelons. When the federals came back the next day to retrieve the bodies, they found 38 that had been shot, three with their heads busted wide open.

TOWN OF RESACA

Champ was so impressed with Gatewood at this point that he said “You know, you need your own independent command. You are doing good work here.’” Cutting a swath of terror Gatewood at 17 or 18 becomes the leader of his own self-styled guerrilla band, Stephen continues: So for the last year of the war, from March 1864-1865, this becomes the primary focus of Gatewood’s operation. “I documented 60 killings in the book, ranging all the way from Polk County, Tenn. — which would be up above Fannin County, Ga. — all the way down to Cherokee County, Ala. He was very active in the Howell’s Crossroads area (of Cherokee County). There are some other areas in the county too. He has a special attachment to Gaylesville. They just go on a reign of terror during this time. Gatewood is targeting not only proUnion civilian sympathizers, but he is also mixing it up with the federal cavalry and he is also blowing up a portion of the Western and Atlantic

PAGE 23 Railroad. They are putting mines under the rail trestles and blowing them up as the federals are taking wounded soliders back north. A lot of people just see him as a cold-blooded killer. I think he was definitely a Southern patriot. And definitely a Confederate soldier all the way to the end but I think he also had elements of psychotic behavior in him.” Everyone is familiar with the 19 Union sympathizers who were strung up by Gatewood’s men along the road between Rock Springs, south of Chickamauga, and LaFayette — about a 10-mile stretch there on (U.S.) Highway 27. They spaced them out about 300 yards apart and put notes on them saying “Cut down this body and you die!” The locals got the message and it took federal cavalry riding through there several weeks later before they cut the bodies down. They were trying to send a message to the opposition. FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

Are mosquitoes toting you off?

is getting ready to celebrate the DID YOU KNOW:

th

150 Year ofAnniversary the TLE OF RESACA T A B May of 2014 Please go to the below link and learn more about the Battle of Resaca http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/gahistmarkersF-J.html/anchor977723

CONTACT

Town of Resaca @ www.townofresaca.com

There are over 100 CASES of

WEST NILE VIRUS each year in GA? August, September & October are the top months.

HARALSON TERMITE & PEST CONTROL 770-684-1488 ROCKMART / CEDARTOWN

•ROME 706-378-3362

NO ONE WILL BEAT OUR PRICES OR WARRANTY!

Call For A FREE Estimate

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 24 FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH In Chattooga County — Westwood Shropshire is a very well-known fellow up there, a closet Unionist who voted against secession. He was a politician and he had money. Gatewood visited the plantation Sept. 15, 1864, and they told the federals there “We are going to string you up if you don’t tell us where that chest of gold and silver is that you have been hoarding and keeping it from the Confederate Army.” Shropshire said “I don’t know what you are talking about.” One of his little girls, Naomi, broke down and starting crying. They put a rope around her daddy’s neck and she started crying. Gatewood decided not to hang the guy, which was very uncharacteristic. A.P. Allgood and his wife were also closet Unionists. They were anti-secession, did not want to be involved. The Gatewoods tied a rope around his neck and strung him up in the backyard. His wife and kids had already been roughed up. A.P. managed to walk

back into the house with the rope still around his neck. His beard was so long and thick that it actually saved him. He managed to get himself down and walked back into the house. Sorties against Union troops By October 1864, Union Gen. William T. Sherman was well aware of the Gatewoods. He informed the people of the Gaylesville (Ala.) area, because his Army was in occupation, “You need to get this fellow disposed of if you want to keep anything at all.” But by the same token, he did not stop divesting the entire countryside there. The people went to General Sherman and pleaded with him to at least spare some of the mills, or some of the corn so they could have some corn for the winter. He denied their request and gave them a little bit of flour and a little bit of coffee. “There was a fellow who rode with Gatewood and his property was around Cedar Bluff. He said in his diary that Gatewood dressed up like a woman and infiltrated the women’s camp. He also had a very low soft voice. One man in Ellijay, Ga. said

AUGUST 2013

almost the same thing — that he was almost too pretty to be a man. I can see maybe where there is some truth to this. I think Gatewood had enormous acting talent and he was also very courageous. And I think he was on a recon mission, or he may have been thinking “If we can get close enough to General Sherman, what a coup that would be for the Confederate Army. If I could kidnap him at gunpoint and hold him for ransom,” or something like that. I think Gatewood may have gone with these women as a spy. It is a really neat story and it is there, in the diary.” “Gatewood enjoyed doing a lot of the killing himself, although his men were getting used to it also.” They killed people, burned their houses down, Stephens continues: On Jan. 3, 1865, Gatewood pulls one of his most daring stunts. “He and his men, under cover of night, go into the Rossville, Georgia area and find a stockade where they are feeding the federal army while at the same time starving the locals. They slit the throats of the guards

and drive the herd all the way down to Lee and Gordon’s Mill in the Chickamauga area. They are planning on driving back to Gaylesville. The federals dispatch a single platoon after Gatewood and his men — about 50 black soldiers. They know something has happened in the middle of the night. Apparently the bushwhackers have been at it again. At daybreak on Jan. 5, the black troops get cut to pieces. A lieutenant goes back to Chattanooga and says “We are going to need more men.” Gatewood drives the herd all the way back into Gaylesville. They are welcomed with open arms because they have saved the occupants from starvation. By then, some of his family actually relocate to Gaylesville. Officers try to come down and try to recapture the herd and get run out. Gatewood, after the war, winds up in Texas — and the last chapter of my book deals with his involvement in Texas. He can’t seem to get beyond it…he is so involved with his ability to deceive people that he becomes a bona fide outlaw. He makes the mostwanted list of the Texas Rangers.”

Email: ed x60 quite leesburg@tds.net building. 6-8890 often •during ItINDUSTRIAL F has been •bad www.leesburg weather an asset and to Leesburg storms. This & Cherokee is also going County to be and the is .O. BOX 1, 215 BLVD.,LEESBURG, ALABAMA 35983

Welcome To The Town of Leesburg

P.O. BOX 1, 215 INDUSTRIAL BLVD.,LEESBURG, ALABAMA 35983 P al.com (256) 52 526-8890 • Fax: (256) 526-5990 • Email: leesburg@tds.net • www.leesburgal.com

Leesburg is located on the banks of Weiss Lake. It offers lots of recreational activities including fishing, camping, hiking and year round boat launching. The FEMA Storm Shelter is the only storm shelter located in Cherokee County and it can hold 200+ people in the 40 40x60 building. It has been an asset to Leesburg & Cherokee County and is used quite often during bad weather and storms. This is also going to be the us new polling place for Leesburg Residents to come vote.

• Special Events Leesburg Day 2nd Saturday in September FEMA STORM SHELTER

For more information or booth rental contact Town Hall.

PLEASE COME VISIT! THERE IS LOTS TO DO IN LEESBURG!! LEESBURG RV PARK & LANDING

TOWN PARK ON LOKEY STREET

BICYCLE PEDESTRIAN LINKAGE PATH

Edward Mackey, Mayor Jennifer Mackey, Town Clerk Council Members Frankie Brewster #1 Joe Sonaty #2 Brandy Pierce #3 Wayne Byram #4 Brandon Betterton #5 Police Department Lanny Ransum, Chief Brian Gilliland, Patrolman Chris Vaughn, Patrolman Volunteer Fire Department Joe Sonaty, Chief Maintenance Brian Griffith Hugh Daniel Office Personnel Chelsi Agan

AUGUST 2013

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 25

0HVVHQJHU ILOH SKRWR 0DWW /HGJHU

&RQIHGHUDWH IRUFHV DGYDQFH GXULQJ D UH HQDFWPHQW IRU WKH DQQLYHUVDU\ RI WKH %DWWOH RI &KLFNDPDXJD

7KH %DWWOH RI &KLFNDPDXJD THE %\ 0$77 /('*(5 BIGGEST 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII BATTLE ever fought in Georgia was perhaps one of the bloodiest ever waged on American soil. Confederate forces, even though they sustained more casualties, were declared victorious after days of combat that became known as the Battle of Chickamauga. Most fighting during the early days of the Civil War occurred far from the hills of Northwest Georgia and its citizens relied on newspaper accounts to hear the outcome of those faraway battles. And it wasn’t until Shiloh, a battle waged in middle Tennessee during the spring of 1862, that Southerners realized the tide of war was turning and battle lines were moving closer to their homesteads. Throughout the region that includes

Walker County, citizens braced themselves for a war that once seemed faraway and romantic but would soon bring horrific fighting to their farms and woodlands. Many local families had loved when state legislators voted 208-89 in favor of joining the Confederacy, all Walker County representatives voted with the minority, but their allegiance changed when Abraham Lincoln announced a full-scale invasion into any state that chose to secede. War comes to Northwest Georgia “In the Spring of 1863, Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg began to lead the Army of Tennessee on a slow retreat to Chattanooga, followed by the Federal Army of the Cumberland, under command of general William S. Rosecrans,” wrote Walker County resident and author Raymond Evans in his book,

“Chickamauga: Impact of the Civil War on an Area.” Just as Union forces during the first days of July 1863 were defeating Gen. Robert E. Lee in Pennsylvania at Gettysburg, Bragg was being outmaneuvered in Middle Tennessee and forced to abandon Tullahoma. Bragg’s retreating rebel forces crossed the Tennessee River and entrenched themselves in Chattanooga. Rosecrans planned to outflank Bragg to the west, eventually take the high ground of Lookout Mountain and either defeat his Confederate opponents or force them to extend their retreat into Georgia. As part of the Union strategy, “(Rosecrans) committed a full onethird of his army to a deception operation to create the impression that he was coming into the region from the northeast of Chattanooga,” said Jim Ogden, a National Park Service

ranger and historian. Gen. John T. Wilder led a tactical diversion while Rosecrans intended to advance through Jasper, Tenn., move south toward Bridgeport, Ala., and then take the heights of Lookout Mountain proceeded. Rosecrans’ Army of the Cumberland made it into the mountains and foothills south of the Tennessee border by Sept. 5, 1863, taking two pivotal positions at Stevens’ Gap and Cooper’s Gap, with only minimal resistance from a handful of Confederate cavalrymen. “It thinned out the number of Confederates to the west of Chattanooga,” Ogden said, “There were very few troops initially to even see the crossings and the beginning of the advance. FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 26

AUGUST 2013

FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH

,PDJH IURP /LEUDU\ RI &RQJUHVV

7KLV LV D 8QLRQ PDS RI WKH EDWWOH OLQHV RQ 6HSW WKH ILQDO GD\ RI WKH %DWWOH RI &KLFNDPDXJD

$99,800

$201,400

$110,400

$194,100

“It was only later that Confederates in any numbers began to arrive along the line of Lookout Mountain, but they didn’t arrive soon enough or in great enough numbers to really resist the Union Army coming over Lookout Mountain.� Upon realizing Rosecrans’ ruse, Bragg abandoned his positions near Chattanooga and ordered his Confederate soldiers to march south along Old LaFayette Road in early September 1863. The Confederates, anticipating a Union invasion from the foothills of Lookout Mountain, regrouped in LaFayette to await reinforcements from Virginia and Mississippi. “There are multiple reasons why (Bragg) didn’t use the terrain to his advantage,� Ogden said. “The biggest one was that Braxton Bragg and the senior Confederate Army leadership, which was reorganizing at this time, did not get along with one another and work as a team. They could rarely be in each others’ presence, and that meant they could not communicate effectively.�

$118,300

$138,700

$87,200

$145,100

James Alfred Sartain’s account, in his book “History of Walker County Georgia,� states that Bragg’s army was scattered along a line of probably 30 miles, reaching from LaFayette and Pigeon Mountain to about five miles east of Rossville, occupying roughly the east bank of the Chickamauga Creek. Prelude to battle “Yankees began to pour down into McClemore’s Cove,� Evans wrote in describing the prelude to battle. Rosecrans had two of his three corps moving across Lookout Mountain, positioned at Stephenson Gap and Winston Gap. To counter the Union armies’ superior numbers, Bragg intended to engage the federals troops in smaller units. “He is trying to bring on a major battle to defeat, badly damage or even destroy the Union army by driving it to the southwest, back into McLemore’s cove and crushing it against that wall of Lookout Mountain,� Ogden said.

FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

$118,700

$283,400

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013 FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH Late in the evening of Sept. 10, Gen. James Negley’s division of 4,600 men enroute to LaFayette arrived at Davis’ Cross Roads. The road passes through Stevens Gap on Lookout Mountain and Dug Gap east of Pigeon Mountain, which was — and remains today — an intersection that is roughly midway between LaFayette and Trenton. Bragg countered by sending Gen. Leonidas Polk’s division toward the cove to attack the next morning. A few small skirmishes occurred, but the decisive, strategic battle Bragg sought would have to wait. A series of miscues and lack of communication allowed the Union troops, outnumbered by as much as 31, the opportunity to escape Bragg became enraged at the ineptness of the missed opportunity and ordered an attack. “Rosecrans was aware of the treacherous terrain and that his army only outnumbered the Confederates 3-2,� Ogden said. “The mountainous terrain in this region, if used

PAGE 27

correctly by the Confederates, could be used to magnify (their) strength by a factor of three. “At the time of the Civil War, a soldier on the defensive was roughly equal to three soldiers on the offensive.� Confederate forces began to converge but skirmishes, not a major battle, were the result, and Bragg’s opportunity to quickly defeat a portion of Rosecrans’ army had disappeared. An early victory would have pushed the Union forces to the west and away from Chattanooga, which was a strategic point of supplies for Confederate troops. Several days of maneuvering followed and with the arrival of three divisions of reinforcements, on Sept. 18 the Confederate commanders decided to redirect efforts toward the north. Crossing Chickamauga Creek Bragg, believing Rosecrans’ army remained at Lee and Gordon’s Mill, aimed an attack at what would have been the Union army’s left flank. FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

WEDDING & EVENT CENTER

0HVVHQJHU ILOH SKRWR 0DWW /HGJHU

7KLV KDQG GUDZQ PDS E\ &DSW :DOWHU - 0RUULV RI WKH &RQIHGHUDWH 6WDWHV RI $PHULFD GHWDLOV WKH &RQIHGHUDWH EDWWOH OLQHV IRU 6HSW GXULQJ WKH %DWWOH RI &KLFNDPDXJD EVERY DAY IS A

GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY Make your life a little more stress free!

NOW ACCEPTING APPLICATIONS

AFFORDABLE APARTMENTS

FOR

INDEPENDENT SENIORS

HĂŠ,iÂ˜ĂŒĂŠ >Ăƒi`ĂŠÂœÂ˜ĂŠĂžÂœĂ•Ă€ĂŠ ˜Vœ“iĂŠ>˜`ĂŠ>Â?Â?ĂŠ1ĂŒÂˆÂ?ÂˆĂŒÂˆiĂƒĂŠ ˜VÂ?Ă•`i`ĂŠH

Age 62 and Over

Heatherwood is a beautifully designed three level, sixty-eight unit " one bedroom complex with units available mobility impaired. ! # " !& for $ the ! the following Heatherwood includes amenities: ! $ "! " & ! # ( %!&)

! " ! % $ ! " ! # UĂŠ Ă•ĂŒÂœÂ“>ĂŒÂˆVĂŠ Â˜ĂŒĂ€ĂžĂŠ ÂœÂœĂ€ĂƒĂŠĂœÂˆĂŒÂ…ĂŠ-iVĂ•Ă€ÂˆĂŒĂžĂŠ-ĂžĂƒĂŒi“ ! !& + ! $ " ! $) UĂŠ,iÂ˜ĂŒĂŠ >Ăƒi`ĂŠÂœÂ˜ĂŠĂŽä¯ĂŠÂœvĂŠ `Â?Ă•ĂƒĂŒi`ĂŠ ! * ĂŠĂŠĂŠ ÂœÂ˜ĂŒÂ…Â?ÞÊ ˜Vœ“i 5' 0) 0 . +) 0 +5 + (' +* / , *1 +* .4 ) 5+ UĂŠ Â?Â?ĂŠ ÂŤÂŤÂ?ˆ>˜ViĂƒĂŠ ˜VÂ?Ă•`i` 44 40' )+ )4 *+* 0 ' + '04( 0*+ 04*0 UĂŠ*Ă€ÂˆĂ›>ĂŒiĂŠ >ˆÂ?LÂœĂ?ĂŠ Â˜ĂƒÂˆ`iĂŠ Ă•ÂˆÂ?`ˆ˜} *0 0* '44 44+* +' ' * 0 *0 0 0 UĂŠ ˜`ÂˆĂ›Âˆ`Ă•>Â?Â?ÞÊ ÂœÂ˜ĂŒĂ€ÂœÂ?Â?i` 44 # 040 0+ )4 *+* "+ )+ '(4+ !$ ' * . + ' * ')040 0+ ĂŠĂŠ i>ĂŒĂŠ>˜`ĂŠ ÂˆĂ€ĂŠ œ˜`ÂˆĂŒÂˆÂœÂ˜ÂˆÂ˜} + '0 + ' )+ UĂŠ Â?Â?ĂŠ1ĂŒÂˆÂ?ÂˆĂŒÂˆiĂƒĂŠ ˜VÂ?Ă•`i`ĂŠ­iĂ?ViÂŤĂŒĂŠ >LÂ?iĂŠ/6ĂŠ>˜`ĂŠ*…œ˜iÂŽ %'42 4 + 0 ).+ ' UĂŠ >Ă•Â˜`ÀÞÊ >VˆÂ?ÂˆĂŒÂˆiĂƒĂŠĂŠUĂŠ ˜‡ ÂœĂ•ĂƒiĂŠ >ÂˆÂ˜ĂŒi˜>˜Vi ! $ " $ ! ! " ! & ! ! ! # ! + # UĂŠ7>Â?Ž‡ Â˜ĂŠ Â?ÂœĂƒiĂŒĂƒĂŠEĂŠ ÂˆĂŒVÂ…iÂ˜ĂŠ*>Â˜ĂŒĂ€Ăž " " $ ! "! " ' +

BOOK YOUR WEDDING OR SPECIAL EVENT AT THE PIGEON MOUNTAIN PLANTATION Ę? WEDDINGS Ę? REHEARSAL DINNERS

6

Ę? ANNIVERSARY PARTIES Ę? LODGING AVAILABLE

Ę? CORPORATE EVENTS Ę? FAMILY REUNIONS

CALL TODAY (706) 996-7005 6 WWW.PIGEONMOUNTAINPLANTATION.COM

ÇŤ8_bm Qvnƒ I xˆngh Wx‡ Šnƒm _ J‡nhƒ‚ I nˆ_ƒh “Each Unit Provides You with a Quiet, Private 8vˆn xvuhvƒ _vg _ =xuhÂŽ 3ƒux ymh hÇ„ ! & ! !3 ! & $ ! 3 Environment and a Homey Atmosphere.â€?

Heatherwood has a sunroom with deck and patio suitable for family parties and other activities. There are spacious landscaped grounds with a beautiful gazebo. CALL TODAY FOR MORE INFORMATION OR TO MAKE AN APPOINTMENT

i>ĂŒÂ…iĂ€ĂœÂœÂœ`ĂŠ ÂŤ>Ă€ĂŒÂ“iÂ˜ĂŒĂƒ]ĂŠ ĂŒ`° '" .' % $ " ' & %) {Ă“ĂŠ Â…>ĂŒi>Ă•ĂŠ ,°ĂŠ- ĂŠUĂŠ,œ“i]ĂŠ ĂŠĂŽä£ĂˆÂŁ + (." '" * ) - ! '& $ % - " " ",' # Ă•`ÞÊ °ĂŠ Ă›>Â˜ĂƒĂŠÂ‡ĂŠ >˜>}iĂ€\ÊÇäĂˆÂ‡Ă“ĂŽx‡ÓnnÂŁ

Equal Housing Opportunity

- " , Equal Employment Opportunity - " - '

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 28

AUGUST 2013

,OCALLY OWNED SINCE s WWW 'REENES*EWELERS COM OCALLY OWNED SINCE s WWW 'REENES*EWELERS COM

6XSSRUWLQJ /RFDO 0HUFKDQWV ,Q 'RZQWRZQ 5RPH B[UfgdW Kagd BWdXWUf 7hW`f

7 iÀiÊv> ÞÊ ÃÌ ÀÞÊ ÃÊiÛiÀÞÌ }°°°

Àii i½ÃÊ«À Õ` ÞÊV>ÀÀ iÃÊ Ê>ÊÌÀ>` Ì Ê iÊ Ê Ì iÀÊ iÜi ÀÞÊÃÌ ÀiÊV> ]Ê Ü Ì ÊvÀ i ` ÞÊÃiÀÛ ViÊÌ >ÌÊÊ«>ÃÃiÃÊvÀ Ê iÊ}i iÀ>Ì ÊÊÌ ÊÌ iÊ iÝÌ°

5RPH $UHD +LVWRU\ 0XVHXP s "USINESS -EETINGS s "IRTHDAY 0ARTIES s 2EHEARSAL $INNERS s 2ECEPTIONS s (OLDS s ,OW 2ENTAL 2ATES

0HONExä LBARBA ROMEHISTORYMUSEUM COM

#OME SEE US TODAY FOR ALL OF YOUR JEWELRY needs

0LEASEä#ONTACTä,EIGHä"ARBAäORä$ONNAä3HAW &ORä-OREä)NFORMATION

GREENE’S ,>,3,9:¦ ,1&

WWW ROMEHISTORYMUSEUM COM

328 BROAD ST. 706-291-7236

,OCALLY OWNED SINCE s WWW 'REENES*EWELERS COM ,

520(¶6 1(:(67 0267 %($87,)8/ $17,48( )851,785( 0$//

£ÎÇÊ >ÃÌÊ ÀÃÌÊ-ÌÀiiÌÊÊUÊ, i]Ê ÊÊUÊÊ­ÇäÈ®ÊÓÎn £ÓÓ `>ÞÊ Ê->ÌÕÀ`>ÞÊ£ä x* ÊUÊ-Õ `>ÞÊ£Ê Ê{*

7KH &LW\ 0DUNHW

ÜÜÜ°Ì iV ÌÞ Ì°V iÞ]ÊÜi½ÀiÊÊ ÊÌ iÊ ÌÌ Ê V

Like Us On

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013 FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH “Bragg moved his army with the hope of forcing a battle in the valley of West Chickamauga Creek,” Ogden said, describing the events of Sept. 17. “That morning he begins advancing troops from Ringgold and Rock Springs.” Confederates joined in coordinated attacks at four key crossings of Chickamauga Creek. The first clash occurred early in the morning at Reed’s Bridge Road as Johnson’s division battled Col. Robert Minty’s cavalry brigade at the most northern of the four crossings, the others being Thedford’s Ford, Dalton’s Ford and Alexander’s Bridge. “These were larger scale engagements that had a greater use of artillery,” Ogden said. The Second Cavalry Corps of Maj. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest forced the Union troops, outnumbered 5-1, to fall back and abandon Reed’s Bridge. At Alexander’s Bridge, a well-armed Union brigade under command of Col. John T. Wilder held off a Confederate division led by Brig. Gen. John Liddell.

As rebel cavalry approached, Wilder, aware that Confederate troops had taken Reed’s Bridge and that his soldiers could be isolated from Rosecrans’ army, abandoned the bridge which allowed nearly half of Bragg’s troops to cross the creek by nightfall of Sept. 18. On the southern end of the battle lines, Maj. Gen. Thomas Crittenden held against Polk’s attempted crossing near Lee and Gordon’s Mills, while Buckner’s force slowly crossed at Thedford’s ford. The Union troops did manage to delay the advance and the Confederates plan to attack at the mill until the following day, Ogden said. Bragg’s plan was tactically successful in beginning to push the Union forces toward the West. “Bragg’s men bivouacked the night of the 18th, and on the morning of the 19th he is expecting to simply resume the movement of the day before and strike the Union left flank, which he still believes is at Lee and Gordon’s Mills,” Ogden said. “Rosecrans is able to react by marching troops across the rear of his formation that night.” He maneuvered troops toward the left flank of his army, sending

Wanda’s Bus Tours

Thomas’ XIV Corps toward Maj. Gen. Granger’s reserve corps further north, near Rossville. Sept. 19: The battle begins in earnest The day began with a Union battle line parallel to Old LaFayette Road, with its leading edge along Alexander’s Bridge Road. Gen. Alexander McCook’s brigade encountered elements of an unknown Confederate force believed to be an isolated brigade, during the overnight maneuver and relayed that information to Thomas’ XIV corps, which was positioned near Jay’s Mill. By mid-morning, Thomas sent three brigades, led by Gen. John Brannan, forward to destroy the unit, one of which engaged and pushed back lead elements of the 1st Georgia Cavalry. The Union brigade stopped its advance due to uncertainty of the number of Confederate forces in the area, which was fortunate as another Confederate cavalry corps under Gen. Forrest loomed nearby to the north. Fierce fighting continued and Liddel’s division moved into this vicinity where most of the day’s combat would rage with Confederates

PAGE 29 holding a semi-circle line that may have overwhelmed the Yankees. Dense forest prevented many leaders from seeing their entire force, let alone units on their own flanks, and flanking maneuvers shifted the lines of fire which moved the battle east to Winfrey Field. “The Confederate are just feeding more and more men to the front lines,” said Lee White, a local, life-long Civil War enthusiast and interpretive park ranger at the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park. As Southern troops continued to slam into federal lines, Union commanders incorrectly believed the majority of Bragg’s army was still east of the Chickamauga creek. By 3 p.m., the battle became an incremental tug-of-war at the Brotherton and Poe fields, until A.P. Stewart’s forces broke through the center of the Union lines. “His directive was to move toward the sound of the heaviest fighting, which was at Brock field, as Cheatham’s brigade is being driven from the field,” White said. FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

CNA Nursing School of Calhoun

423-290-3914 OR 706-844-4507 • Alaska Cruise/Tour of Seattle and Vancouver, BC: 2 Nights Hotel Stay • 9/21-30/13 • $1599 • Paula Deen/Savannah/Tybee Island: Buffet, Tour and Hotel Included • 11/2-3/13 • $195 • Rockettes Christmas/Opry Land Hotel/ Bus/11/2013 • $255 • 12 Day Yellowstone/Yosemite/Grand Canyon/Las Vegas/Reno 6 National Parks/7 States 6/8-19/14 • $1799 • Montego Bay Jamaica Cruise: Grand Cayman, Cozumel Mexico; New Orleans AM Trak tran/ 2 night hotel stay 1/18-27/14 • $1100 • Panama Canal Cruise/New Orleans/AM Trak Train/17 Days, 4/19/May 5/14 • $2399 • Honolulu, HI: Airfare, Bus, Hotel, 9 Days • Sept.2014 • $1399 • Tunica, MS Casino, 5 Buffet Meals, $40 plyback, 2 Nights Hotel Stay, 10/28-30/13 • $143 • TBN Holy Land Experience Orlando FL, Bus Hotel/Ticket/indoor flea market 4/15-18/2014 • $310 • New Orleans/AM Trak Train/2 nights hotel, 5/31/6-2/2014 • $310 • Mackinal Island Michigan/Bus/Hotel/Lunch @ Grand Hotel/Tours/Some meals June/2014 • $1050 • West Coast Tour; Glacier NP; Montana, Seattle, San Francisco, Portland; air, bus, hotel, train and tours 7/19-28/2014 • $1799 • Colorado Springs; Denver Colorado, MT. Rushmore & Rocky Mountains/Airfare, bus & hotel July 8-14, 2014 • $1150 • Branson MO./Bus/5 Shows/Some meals/Hotel/2014 • $999 • Canadian Rockies/bus/hotel/air/tours/2014 • $2199 • Amish Country/Sight and Sound theater/Lancaster, PA/2014 • $900 • Alaska Cruise/Denali NP. Tour/Air 3 Night Hotel Stay/Bus/Train, 9/5-14 • $2799

Have You Ever Considered A Career In The Medical Field North GA EMT TrainingClasses Fill Up fast So Call TODAY! Launching Careers and Changing Lives CNA Nursing School of Calhoun is the newest and most comprehensive Healthcare campus in North Georgia. Our Certified Nursing Assistants will receive diploma, and certificate to take the state licensed exam after completion of the program. Our goal is to improve the quality of patient care and to be of service to the community as we are preparing tomorrows caregivers today.

Medical and Technical Institute Phlebotomy Technician Health Care Technician of North Georgia EKG/ECG Technician Physical Aide Education you can Electronic HealthTherapy/Rehab Records Specialist be proud of Georgia State Certified and NHA Accreditation (Professional Certification)

Offering State and National Certification

135 Professional Court / Calhoun, GA 30701 706-629-2651 CALL for dates & prices, visit www.cnanursingschool.com

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 30 FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH Stewart’s disciplined and relentless attacks shattered the Union line in half near the Brotherton field, but as numerous Confederate forces had already been forced from the area, he had no reserve support to hold the position and eventually is forced to withdraw. Further south, the largest engagement of the day, one that lasted a few hours, occurred at Viniard Field. Enroute from Lee and Gordon’s Mills, Col. Charles Harker’s brigade managed to attack, “firing into their backs,” as two Confederate regiments were caught off guard. The tides turned as Gen. John Hood’s rebel troops engaged alongside Johnson’s force, surging forward to nearly rout the Union line. Gen. James Longstreet’s corps captured Viniard’s Farm and gained control of Old LaFayette Road for the Confederates. “It was probably the bloodiest fighting of the battle,” White said. “It is also where Wilder’s brigade comes into action again with their

Spencer rifles. “It has been said that after the battle and the fighting ended, you could walk from one end of the field to the other, without ever stepping foot on the ground.” The final assault of the day was an ill-advised night battle led by three of Maj. Gen. Patrick Cleburne’s brigades at Winfrey field that resulted in many “friendly fire” casualties as darkness and powder smoke clouded vision in a woodland battlefield. Describing the event in his book “Reminiscences of the Civil War,” Gen. John B. Gordon said, “The curtain of night slowly descended, and the powder-blackened bayonets and flags over the hostile lines were dimly visible in the dusk twilight. Wearily the battered ranks in gray moved again through the bullet scarred woods, over the dead bodies of their brothers who fell in the early hours and whose pale faces told the living of coming fate.” Despite the valiant efforts and high numbers of casualties, neither army could claim victory that day. “To the two armies whose blood was still flowing long after the sun went down on the 19th to hear the groans of

y!

er water. ItStates by Confederate was ofanAmerica important Iron Works part ofandthi

AUGUST 2013

the wounded and dying in the opposing ranks, the scene was indescribably oppressive,” Gordon wrote. Sept. 20: A new day and chaos for Rosecrans’ command Bragg planned to spilt his army into two wings and attack both flanks of the Union army on the second day of battle. Longstreet had arrived late on the evening of Sept. 19 by train from Virginia, and was put in command of the left wing, while Gen. Polk was to lead the right. Bragg failed to inform Gen. D.H. Hill of a demotion that would place him under Polk’s leadership. Hill was also unaware that his force, led by Gen. John C. Breckenridge, had been ordered to lead the Confederate attack at 5 a.m. That the early-morning assault failed to begin the battle at the northern end of the Confederate lines would be a costly mistake. On the night of Sept. 19, while Bragg was planning his attack for the following day,

“ Wearily the battered ranks in gray moved again through the bullet scarred woods, over the dead bodies of their brothers who fell in the early hours and whose pale faces told the living of coming fate.”

FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

Alabama CHEROKEE COUNTY

General John B. Gordon, describing the Battle of Chickamauga in his book “Reminiscences of the Civil War” WEISS LAKE

The lake spans 33,000 acres and is known as the “Crappie Capitol of the World!”

You Y ou sshould hould ccome ome tto op play, lay, tthen hen sstay! ta

Randy Jones, District 1, Kimball Parker, District 2, Marcie Foster, District 3, Carlton “Bubba” Teague, District 4, J. Kirk Day, Probate Judge, County Commission Chairman

MISS ETHEL MORRISON PARK ACROSS FROM LIBRARY WHOM DONATED LAND LITTLE RIVER CANYON Now a part of the National Park System, it is the deepest FOR LIBRARY

gorge east of the Rockie Mountains. Enjoy the 22-mile scenic drive around the canyon rim.

CHEROKEE COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY

CHEROKEE ROCK VILLAGE

Enjoy the 30-mile view from atop Lookout Mountain. You will love the breathtaking sight of Weiss Lake and distant cities. Cherokee Rock Village served as one of the locations for the filming of “Failure to Launch,” a 2006 romantic comedy starring Matthew McConaughey and Sarah Jessica Parker.

• Fishing • Swimming • Camping • Boating • Tennis • Golf • Hunting • Rock Climbing • Shopping • Native American History • Civil War History CORNWALL FURNACE Erected in 1862, it is the first to be powered ed by water. It was an important part of thee Confederate States of America Iron Works and iss said to be the best preserved in the Southeast.

PRATT PRAT PR ATTT MEMORIAL AT MEMO ME MORI MO RIAL RI AL PARK PPAR ARK AR K Pratt Memorial Park is named after John Pratt. He practiced law in Centre and became Registrar of Chancery. As registrar, he kept the public archives and records of legal proceedings. Pratt invented an early typewriter, the pterotype. Pratt and his family are buried in Pratt Park.

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013 FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH Union officers met in a war council with Rosecrans to prepare a defensive action the following day. Gen. Thomas’ corps built a protective “log breastwork” that provided cover for the Union troops, something that proved vital by day’s end. The Confederate strike that was to occur at daybreak, finally began mid-morning along the northern end of the battle lines with a staggered attack that resurrected Bragg’s original plan to pin Union forces against Lookout Mountain. Breckenridge’s division and Cleburne’s corps sought to collapse the Union left flank east of Kelly’s field, but made minimal progress as eight Union brigades formed a semicircular position to defend against any Confederate advance from the north or the east. The two-pronged Confederate attack led to uncertainty by Union commanders, as Gen. Thomas quickly sought reinforcements and reserve units. Near midday, Gen. Brannan’s

Plate Glass Plate Auto Glass Glass Auto Glass Contract Glass Contract Glass

reserve forces were summoned to aid Thomas’ division near Poe field while the remainder of his division was situated between two divisions, belonging to Gen. Thomas Wood and Gen. Joseph Reynolds. “Thomas sent a steady stream of calls of requests to Rosecrans for reinforcements,” White said. Brannan was aware that if he pulled his division from the line, it would create a gap for a flanking attack against Wood’s or Reynolds’ divisions. Orders were garbled or contradicted, confusion overcame reason, and Wood misinterpreted an order to withdraw from the line and reform in support of Brannan and Reynolds. He did not question the order as he had suffered Rosecrans’ wrath earlier in the day for failing to quickly complete a previous order. A battlefield blunder by Union leaders occurred, as Bragg changed tactics to shift the offensive push toward the left wing of his plan, unaware that the charge now would strike Union lines at a just created void. Upon receiving Bragg’s orders, Gen. A.P. Stewart immediately sent three brigades across Poe field

Steel Doors Storefronts Steel Doors Storefronts Mirrors Insurance Claims Mirrors Insurance Claims Plexiglass Awnings & Canopies Awnings & Canopies Windshield Repairs Plexiglass Windshield Repairs

FREE ESTIMATES ESTIMATES FREE

24 HOUR EMERGENCY SERVICE 24 HOUR EMERGENCY SERVICE

from Longstreet’s division, without consulting Longstreet. Stewart attacked toward Brannan’s and Reynolds’ position as Longstreet held back the full advance. With only a few hours on the battlefield, Longstreet reorganized his forces to bring his five brigades of the Army of Northern Virginia to the front of the 17-brigade formation. Gen. Bushrod Johnson led one of two brigades across Brotherton field to the area, which Gen. Wood’s division had vacated. Approximately 20,000 Confederate men advanced in a battle line that was nearly a mile long. “At the worst possible time, (Rosecrans) opened a 600-yard gap in the center of his line,” White said. “When Longstreet finally attacks, the whole right wing (four divisions) of the Union army is moving. “None of them were in place to resist an attack.” The Confederates seized the opportunity as both brigades advanced through the Union line and quickly seized 15 of 26 Union cannons that were not properly supported. Col. Wilder’s federal brigade

PAGE 31 overwhelmed Gen. Hindman’s brigade at what would be known as “Bloody Pond” west of the Brock property. But even as Wilder advanced, Union leaders deemed the battle a loss and began a massive — and hasty — retreat toward Chattanooga. Longstreet’s charge pushed Union troops facing him northward toward Horseshoe Ridge and the nearby Snodgrass farm. Rosecrans and other Union leaders rode toward Chattanooga as a secondary measure, to organize a defense. “As the converging columns met, bayonet clashed with bayonet and the trampled earth was saturated with blood,” Gen. Gordon wrote. Beginning of the end Celebration of the outcome at Chickamauga proved to be the South’s last hurrah. Historians note it being the last major Confederate victory in a long Civil War that ended about 18 months later at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia. FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

Uniform Shop & Latest in Medical Uniforms

Gowns For All Occasions

Harold Quinn, Owner Harold Quinn, Owner

CHEROKEE GLASSCO. CO. CHEROKEE GLASS

256-927-7020 256-927-7020 552 West Main, Centre, AL 552 West Main, Centre, AL

A CHOICE A CLEAR CLEAR CHOICE 70 Years Experience Experience 70 Years

RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL •• COMMERCIAL

Shop Early For Fair Pageant Gowns!

214 N. River Street • Calhoun • 706-624-0666

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 32

Confederate troops. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant took command of the Army of the Potomac, at Lincoln’s direction, Ogden said that if Braxton Bragg sending 20,000 troops by trains over had won the Battle of Chickamauga an 11-day period. the way he intended, Lincoln might Union victories during the Battles have been forced into negotiations of Lookout Mountain (Nov. 24) and with the Confederates States Missionary Ridge (Nov. 25) would of America. become Bragg’s last battles, as he was Such a major defeat would further soon relieved from command. erode Northern support for the war as Northern industrial efforts the president sought re-election the supporting the war outnumbered following year. the Confederate factories by 6-1, As a historian, Ogden frequently according to Ogden. Chattanooga’s utilizes the tactics and battlefield rail yards played a vital role in lessons of the Chickamauga Campaign to instruct Army cadets and transporting both raw materials and supplies for the Confederates. even high-ranking officers that visit Grant opened the Chickamauga the supply route and Chattanooga to Chattanooga National Military and replaced Park. Rosecrans with “One of the Gen. William T. things we try to Sherman to being impress upon the “March to the military officers, Sea” campaign. as we develop “Starting our plans and with the Battle concepts, we of Resaca, always need to be there was 100 war-gaming and continuous days thinking through of fighting until alternate courses Atlanta fell,” said of action,” Ogden said. General John B. Gordon, describing John Culpepper, Chickamauga He points the Battle of Chickamauga in his book city manager and toward “Reminiscences of the Civil War” chairman of the Rosecrans’ Georgia Civil self-inflicted War Commission. occurrences of “He said he was sleep deprivation going to make Georgia howl, and he as to making poor decisions, the most sure did.” decisive being the belief that a gap in Georgians struggled with martial the battle line had occurred on Sept. law under Union occupation for a 20, causing him to move troops and decade after the Civil War. actually creating a gap, which the Confederate forces quickly seized. The phrase “hold your friends close References: “History of Walker and your enemies closer” is a wartime County Georgia” by James Alfred idiom as military leaders must know Sartain; “Reminiscences of the Civil the positioning of the enemy to be War” by Gen. John B. Gordon; “The aware of attacks and for their own Civil War in Walker County” and tactical advances, Ogden said. “Battle at Lee and Gordon’s Mills” Bragg decided that the terrain by Raymond Evans; Interviews with would help isolate the Union troops in Jim Ogden, National Park Service Chattanooga, and allow his exhausted ranger and historian; Lee White, local troops to recuperate and resupply. Civil War enthusiast and interpretive However, the city served as park ranger at the Chickamauga and the transportation hub for the Chattanooga National Military Park; Confederacy, and Union occupation and John Culpepper, Chickamauga of Chattanooga would make it city manager and chairman of the increasingly difficult to reach those Georgia Civil War Commission. FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH

“ As the converging

columns met, bayonet clashed with bayonet and the trampled earth was saturated with blood.”

AUGUST 2013

New And Making Progress

Town of Sand Rock Incorporated August 23, 1988 FIRST COMMITTEE

Jack Hood, John Helms, Jr., Dean Buttrum, Sr., Nelson St. Clair, Bill Lumsden, Irvin Oliver, Paul Johnson

ELECTED FIRST COUNCIL

Mayor 1988-90 Paul Johnson, Clerk Ann St. Clair Council Franklin Breast, Jack Hood, Jimmy Butler, Harold Pearson. Nelson St. Clair

History of Sand Rock The Early settlers of Sand Rock moved here to farm and make a living for their family. The Becks, Mitchells, Pearsons, Stimpsons, Helms, Parkers, Farmers, Clanton, Stowes, Appletons were some of the families. Later, the Brindley Brothers were passing through and stopped at a spring to get some water. One of them picked up a small stone and crushed it with his hands and made it sand. He said “This is sand rock,” and since then the area has been known as Sand Rock. These early settlers developed the area by building churches, roads, a school and the necessary things to have a good community. In the late 1920’s, Dewey Brown started a movement to improve the school. It was first a junior high school. Later it became a high school with the first graduating class in 1932. The new high school brought many new events to the community. The school, along with the churches, became the back bones of the area. Some people thought the area was falling behind in progress and began a series of meetings in April 1988. They decided to try to incorporate to improve some of the conditions. This group began working to improve roads, along with projects to improve the quality of life and the community in general, The town bought the property across the road from the high school gym in 1990. This property was for building a town hall and recreation park. The town hall and community center was built in 1991. It is a multipurpose building not only is it used to carry out functions of the town government, but it is also used as a meeting place for many clubs, groups and private citizens.

Left to right: Julia Smith, Greg Oliver, Gene Farmer, Mayor James Ricky Mackey, Melonie Garrett, Town Clerk, Bud Mackey, Steve McMeekin

AUGUST 2013

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 33

5LQJJROG¡V 2OG 6WRQH &KXUFK $ ODQGPDUN WKHQ DQG QRZ AN %\ 0,.( 2Âś1($/ INDELIBLE 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII MEMENTO of one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War is preserved inside a nondescript building just south of Ringgold. It is an irregular stain, originally crimson but aged now to the shiny darkness of pokeberries, that marks the spot where spilled blood soaked into the church’s broad board floor. Located at the intersection of Ga. 2 and U.S. 41, the Stone Church has played its part in Northwest Georgia history for more than 160 years. Today the building serves as both museum and home to the Catoosa County Historical Society, but that is a recent development. Built with stone quarried from the base of White Oak Mountain and the Stubblefield farm, construction began in 1850 and was completed in 1852. Over the ensuing 160 years the “Old Stone Church,â€? as it came to be known, has been a house of worship, a warehouse and a derelict landmark, but during fall and winter of 1863 it was a hospital. The county bought the building in the mid-1900s and tasked the local historical society with managing its day-to-day operations. “This place was a wreck when we took it over,â€? said Eddie Jordan, a curator at the museum and Historical Society officer. “We hauled about six dump truck loads of debris out of the building.â€? It was in 1997, during a sixmonths-long restoration, that thread-bare carpeting was peeled away to reveal the blood-stained floorboards that had been covered for so many years. The discolored pine boards mark a spot where, Jordan said, surgeons used doors spread across wooden trestles as operating tables. “Rather than risk infections they’d cut off an arm or leg and pitch the amputated parts out the window into wagons,â€? he said. Those wagons then carried their grisly cargo to a cemetery located on a rise behind the church for burial in unmarked mass graves.

&DWRRVD 1HZV SKRWR 0LNH 2Âś1HDO

7KH 2OG 6WRQH &KXUFK LQ 5LQJJROG ZDV SUHVVHG LQWR VHUYLFH DV D ILHOG KRVSLWDO IROORZLQJ WKH %DWWOH RI &KLFNDPDXJD DQG VWLOO EHDUV EORRG VWDLQHG IORRUERDUGV IURP LWV GD\V DV D VXUJHU\ VLWH 7KH 2OG 6WRQH &KXUFK KDV EHHQ XVHG DV D KRXVH RI ZRUVKLS D KRVSLWDO DQG LV QRZ KRPH WR WKH &DWRRVD &RXQW\ +LVWRULFDO 6RFLHW\ Not only did soldiers leave body parts at the church-turned-hospital, many of the wounded left their names scratched or scribbled on the building’s walls. Military action marred more than the Old Stone Church’s walls and floors. Though a century and a half has elapsed, scars of war are still visible where, according to legend, cavalrymen used pews as makeshift troughs to feed their mounts. Proving it true, marks made by horses’ teeth can still be seen on the backs and seats of those original hard wooden benches. Like the blood-stained floors and chewed benches, other reminders of the building’s Civil War past are preserved — barely. The original walls of dark unfinished stone were at some point covered in stucco and whitewashed

to brighten the church’s interior, Jordan said. “The only drawback was that it covered over (permanently) where wounded soldiers scratched their names into the mortar joints between stones,� he said. Names may no longer be visible, but Jordan pointed out one section of original stone work that was preserved and is visible through a viewing window on the former church’s original back wall. Open and staffed from 1-5 p.m., Thursdays through Sundays, by Society volunteers, the “Old Stone Church� holds a wealth of artifacts and memorabilia — of which the Civil War era is just a part. Fossils from a time when the North Georgia hill country was a prehistoric seabed are displayed alongside the arrowheads and bone tools of the area’s earliest settlers.

Antebellum, Civil War and Reconstruction era artifacts include farm implements from a time when most in the area were farmers, the usual assortment of minie balls, buttons and belt buckles from the war and a true rarity: an authentic and complete Ku Klux Klan costume. More modern times are represented by a hand-tufted chenille spread, an example of the days when U.S. 41 was nicknamed “Peacock Alley� for the brightly colored textiles that were a cottage industry. The shift from hand- to machinetufting resulted in the area becoming “Carpet Capital of the World.� Without irony, Historical Society members are quick to point out that the same church where amputations were performed using blades and saws is also where the famous gospel hymn “Leaning On the Everlasting Arms� was first performed.

PAGE 34

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013

&LYLO :DU VROGLHUV VXUJHRQV PRYHG LQWR PRGHUQ HUD VIEWED %\ 0,.( 2Âś1($/ THROUGH 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII THE EYES of anyone accustomed to MRIs, laparoscopic surgeries, and medivac helicopters as part of the everyday world inside even the smallest of hospital, the art of medicine during the mid-19th century can be seen as primitive. As the Civil War marked a shift from Napoleonic tactics for waging war, it also was a time of modernizing the way wounds of war were treated. The same conflict that introduced repeating rifles, iron-clad warships and railroads to transport troops and supplies into the norm, also led to an acceptance of nurses, studies of hygiene and development of ambulance services on both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line. Just as weapons were undergoing changes that enhanced their range and ability to inflict wounds, military medicine was morphing into something that, while not modern, was a marked improvement over what had been the norm. As George W. Adams wrote in an article for The National Historical Society’s The Image of War: 18611865 Volume IV “Fighting For Timeâ€?: “The morbidity and mortality rates of both armies showed marked improvement over those of other 19thcentury wars, particularly America’s last conflict, the war with Mexico. In that war 90 percent of the deaths were from nonbattle causes. In contrast, in the Civil War some 600,000 soldiers died, but in the Union Army 30.5 percent of them died in or from battle, and in the Confederate Army the percentage ran to 36.4 percent. “Clearly, the physicians and sanitarians had held down the disease mortalities to levels that their generation considered more than reasonable. Better, they made some few halting

strides in treatment and medication, and considerable leaps in the organization of dealing with masses of wounded and ailing soldiers. It was a ghastly business for doctors and patients alike; yet without the doctors in blue and gray, much of the young manhood of America at mid century might not have survived for the work of rebuilding.â€? Amputations aplenty, antibiotics unknown While physicians did not understand how bacterial infections spread and had no antibiotics to combat them, they did have knives and saws and were not afraid to use them. Several factors contributed to field surgeons performing what today would seem an inordinate number of amputations. The newly adopted rifled muskets allowed attacks to begin at greater distances and for longer periods. Unlike firing a single volley at close range before engaging the enemy, soldiers with their “modernâ€? singleshot weapons had time to reload and fire again and again before resorting to hand-to-hand fighting. Also, impact from the rifled miniĂŠ ball more effectively shattered bone and shredded tissue than the lower velocity round shot. Medical technology had not yet caught up with the new weaponry and its damages, so surgeons, without modern tools and training to treat severe bone and tissue damage, found amputation the best treatment available. But without an understanding of hygiene and infections, even the most skilled doctors lost scores of patients following successful surgeries and to what were essentially flesh wounds. Iodine, carbolic acid, sodium hypochlorite and other disinfectants were available but were often applied only after infections developed and spread. Dirt, bits of uniform and gore left in wounds could fester and result in lethal cases of blood poisoning or erysipelas, a

&DWRRVD 1HZV SKRWR 0LNH 2Âś1HDO

&DWRRVD 6SULQJV ZDV D VSD DQG UHVRUW EHIRUH DQG DIWHU WKH &LYLO :DU %XW GXULQJ WKH WLPH RI WKDW FRQIOLFW D QXPEHU RI KRVSLWDOV ZHUH VFDWWHUHG DPRQJ LWV QHDUO\ PLQHUDO VSULQJV recurrent streptococcus disease. While ignorant about ways to prevent infection, Civil War surgeons had ready access to anesthetics. Ether and chloroform were available when amputations were being performed, with field hospitals usually using chloroform as it, unlike ether, was not explosive. Anesthetics had first been used in 1846 and was in common usage before the first shots of the Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter and authorities believe some form of anesthetic was used in about 95 percent of surgeries performed in military hospitals. Just as ether and chloroform were used during surgeries, morphine pills and powders were available to ease pain both on the battlefield and during recuperation. Caring for casualties The wounded of either northern or southern armies were treated in field hospitals close to the scene of combat, either in tents or in commandeered houses, barns and warehouses. Even before the war, the same Catoosa Springs that lent their name to a county in Northwest Georgia, were famed for their medicinal qualities. As many as 50 mineral springs in what is now known as the Keith community, prompted a group of businessmen from Augusta, Ga., to develop an antebellum resort,

complete with a posh spa, that was promoted during the 1850s as “The Saratoga of the South.� The outbreak of hostilities resulted in the hotel’s closing and the creation of a complex of Confederate hospitals. A plaque erected by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources in a turnoff from Keith Road reads in part: “In 1862-1863 several Confederate hospitals were located here. The sick and wounded Confederate soldiers drank of the health-giving waters of the several mineral springs in this area. Drinking this mineral water and bathing in it enabled many sick soldiers to return to duty.� Dan Cone, a museum educator with the Atlanta History Center, conducted extensive research on Catoosa Springs when he interned with the National Park Service at Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Battlefield. “By the fall of 1863, Catoosa Springs was abandoned as a hospital site,� Cone said. “Shortly after William S. Rosecrans captured Chattanooga, Col. Samuel H. Stout, the medical director for Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg’s Army of Tennessee, determined that Catoosa was too close to the front. “The hospital and its patients were relocated by train to Griffin, Ga. in the first week of September.� FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

AUGUST 2013

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 35

FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH Cone said there are accounts of a skirmish taking place near the Springs on Sept. 13, 1863, about the time Bragg and Rosecrans were maneuvering west of LaFayette around McLemore’s Cove. Of more significance, Cone said Confederate Gen. James Longstreet’s Corps from the Army of Northern Virginia arrived by rail (to fight at Chickamauga) and disembarked at a platform near the resort that after the war became Catoosa Station. Following their being mortally wounded at Chickamauga, at least two Confederate soldiers, Joseph Barnett of Cobb’s Georgia Battery and Joseph Wells of the 2nd Georgia Infantry, were reportedly buried at Catoosa Springs. Bury the dead, treat the wounded But more than a burial ground, Walker and Catoosa counties were where the wounded were treated in both Union and Confederate hospitals. The second largest of Union Army hospitals during Chickamauga was located at Cloud Spring (near the modern intersection of Old LaFayette Road and White Street, close to today’s Blood Assurance office). “There are all kinds of first-hand accounts from nurses who served at the time,� said Chris McKeever, executive director of the 6th Cavalry Museum in Fort Oglethorpe and a member of the Tri-State Civil War 150th Commemoration Association. Confederate hospitals peppered what is today the city of Chickamauga, including the one at the Gordon Lee House. “Seven of the nine field hospitals were located in the vicinity,� NPS Historian Jim Ogden said of the area around Crawfish Springs. Ogden said Confederate troops marching toward battle at Chickamauga stopped to fill canteens fresh water from the spring at the Gordon Lee House. For many, that was the only untainted liquid they would have during two days of battling under a hot September sun. Just as it offered relief to soldiers on their way to battle, Crawfish Spring provided succor to the wounded and for surgeons. Crawfish Spring provided a constant supply of pure water to treat patients. The aftermath, then and now The U.S. military regularly conducts

&RXUWHV\ (GZDUG * 0LQHU /LEUDU\ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 5RFKHVWHU 0HGLFDO &HQWHU DQG 5REHUW =HOOHU

$QWLHWDP KRVSLWDO WHQW 7KLV W\SLFDO WHQWHG KRVSLWDO ZDUG ZDV SDUW RI 6PRNHWRZQ +RVSLWDO $QWLHWDP 0DU\ODQG “staff rides� at the nation’s battlefield parks to provide a firsthand experience of the terrain that shaped battles. Lt. Col. Greg Lang, when leading a group of 36 physicians from the Eisenhower Medical Center at Fort Gordon, noted that even as times change, some things remain constant. Safe transport, be it by wagon or helicopter; shelter, if under a commandeered building’s roof or inside a combat support hospital that was delivered by air transport and trucks; and supplies have remained essential in treatment near the front lines. As Col. Lang said while viewing the bubbling, clear water at Crawfish Springs, “In the field, it is still the basics.� The Gordon Lee Mansion is not

the only building still standing that was in earlier times a hospital. The Marsh House, in LaFayette, was also pressed into service as was the hotel at Catoosa Springs and the Old Stone Church, just to the south of Ringgold. After providing initial treatment as quickly and as close to the fighting as possible, both armies sent their most seriously wounded to hospitals far from the front lines. Southerners, after losing control over most of their major waterways, often used railroads to evacuate their wounded. Union casualties were often taken by riverboat to cities with general hospitals in the North but after their victory at Chattanooga, they developed the first true “ambulance

train� to move the sick and wounded to Louisville or Cincinnati. Rather than rely on coach seating, some special cars were outfitted with bunks suspended on rubber straps as a form of shock absorber, and carried medical supplies and food. Those ambulance trains carried a precursor to the white cross on a red background that today is used to mark aid stations and transportation of wounded. The locomotive tasked with pulling the ambulance was painted bright red, for daytime visibility, and carried a string of three red lanterns at night. There are no reports of Confederate cavalrymen ever bothering such trains and their cargo of wounded federal troops.

PAGE 36

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013

*HRUJLD·V ¶3DXO 5HYHUH· DOHUWHG 5RPH WR 8QLRQ DWWDFN ON A %\ -(5(0< 67(:$57 NIGHT 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII IN MAY 1863, a simple man completed a 67-mile ride on horseback that not only helped deter an ill-fated Union attack on Rome but also instilled a sense of urgency in its people. John Henry Wisdom operated a ferry across the Coosa River near Gadsden, Ala., and was also contracted by the Confederate Army to deliver mail to and from Rome. He had lived in Rome early on in his life and his mother still resided there. On May 2, Wisdom had crossed the river via his ferry to take a sack of corn in his buggy to a gristmill six miles from Gadsden. He returned that afternoon to find his ferry sunk and a wooden bridge over Black Creek burning in the distance. He then found out from people who lived nearby that a brigade of Union soldiers had burned his boat on their way

to Rome. What no one knew at the time was that the Union soldiers were part of Col. Abel Streight’s forces that were being followed by a Confederate force led by Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest. Remembering his mother and the people that he normally did business with in Rome, Wisdom whipped his horse and took off for the Northwest Georgia town using the back roads so as not to alert Streight’s men. The Union detachment had been on a raid through North Alabama on their way to attack Rome and destroy the nearby Western & Atlantic Railroad. But they had endured much more than fighting off the advances of Forrest’s group. Forced to ride unbroken mules and plagued with soaked and unusable ammunition, Streight had his men stop and rest at Cedar Bluff. Wisdom, however, charged on. He drove his horse and buggy 22 miles to Gnatville where his horse gave out. From there, he was able to get a lame pony from a widow, who would only give it

to him under the condition that he would not ride it more than five miles. Five miles later, Wisdom changed mounts again, and would do so a total of six times during the eight-and-ahalf hour trip, bartering for a new horse each time he came to a town. The last horse he was able to get was from John Baker in Six Mile, just outside of Rome. As he entered the city coming down a hill in the dark, the horse tripped and threw him forward. But Wisdom was uninjured and he continued into Rome until he got to the lone bridge that crossed the Coosa River. Upon asking the bridge’s night watchman if anyone was awake, Wisdom alerted George S. Black, the militia commander, and went through town at Black’s request to inform everyone that the Yankees were coming. Wisdom arrived at his mother’s home and went to bed. Meanwhile, Romans rushed out and began to prepare defenses in order to turn back the Union troops by sunrise.

¶+HURLQH RI WKH &RQIHGHUDF\· SRLQWHG WR VDIH SDVVDJH STEPPING OUT and so the general %\ -(5(0< 67(:$57 OF OBSCURITY on rode to the nearby 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII an Alabama afternoon, home of the Sansom Georgia-born Emma family, where 16-yearSansom helped keep Confederate old Emma lived. forces hot on the heels of a Union The family told Forrest of a brigade on the way to try and disrupt crossing that cattle use where his a key supply line. men would be able to continue Sansom was born in 1847 in their pursuit. Social Circle, a small town 45 miles The young girl volunteered to east of Atlanta, and moved with her show Forrest and a small group of family to a farm outside of Gadsden his men the location of the ford. when she was five. While on the impromptu On May 2, 1863, Union Col. reconnaissance mission, Sansom Abel Streight was continuing his rode with Forrest and reportedly raid across North Alabama on his faced enemy fire during some small way to Rome and the arm of the skirmishes but the Union soldiers Western & Atlantic Railroad east of ceased fire after noticing Sansom, a the city near Kingston. civilian girl. Pursued by Gen. Nathan Bedford With Sansom’s guidance, Forrest Forrest’s Confederate forces, Streight located the ford, crossed it, and crossed Black Creek three miles from caught up with the Union forces. Gadsden and burned the only bridge Reports state that Sansom gave over the swollen waterway. Forrest a lock of her hair while Forrest Forrest’s men reached the creek produced a somewhat crudely written and knew that they could not cross note thanking the girl for her help. the deep creek at the site of the bridge Forrest surrounded Streight

and his raiders near Cedar Bluff the following day and many in the Confederacy heralded Sansom’s actions as word of her deed spread. After marrying a farmer in October the following year, Sansom moved to Texas and lived out the remainder of her days, passing away on August 9, 1900. The legacy of Sansom’s part in Forrest’s successful attempt to terminate Streight’s Raid brought about an idealized representation of a feminine heroine defending the Confederacy. In 1906, the Gadsden Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy erected a monument in the city that represents her pointing to the crossing, honoring her Civil War contributions. The base of the statue contains a carving of Sansom accompanying Forrest on horseback. Source: “Emma Sansom”, Encyclopedia of Alabama, Keith S. Hebert, Assistant Professor, University of West Georgia

They placed cotton bales on the bridge across the Coosa River and soaked them in kerosene to burn the bridge in case the Union troops attempted to cross. Hardware stores were relieved of stovepipe supplies as they doubled for cannons along the makeshift fortifications. Stories even say that able men took guns and even broomsticks and marched up and down the streets. Reports are that when Capt. Milton Russell and 200 of Streight’s men reached Rome in the morning to try and take the important bridge, they were so impressed by the demonstration that they decided to turn back. Back in Cedar Bluff, word had gotten to Streight that Rome could not be taken as easily as they had thought. On May 3, Streight surrendered to Forrest. Wisdom was given a silver tea set by the city of Rome as thanks for his early warning and saving the city from a Union invasion.

The Civil War and Cherokee County Jan. 11, 1861, Alabama Legislature votes 61 to 39 to leave the Union May 3, 1863, Union Army entered Cedar Bluff Sept. 5, 1863, Union Army entered Broomtown Valley Oct. 19, 1863, Union Army entered Gaylesville Oct. 21, 1864, Union Army entered Leesburg Oct. 26, 1864, Union Army entered Centre 110,000 Cherokee and Union troops fought in Cherokee County 2,040 Cherokee County soldiers served in the Confederacy 400 soldiers from Cherokee County were killed during the war Source, Cherokee Historical Museum

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013

PAGE 37

Your Complete Body Work Specialist! ย ร FREE ESTIMATES ย ร ALL INSURANCES WELCOMEร Serving Polk County For 37 Years 16 Prospect Rd. Rockmart, GA 30153

Fax: 770-684-1903 email: citybody@bellsouth.net

*0;@ 6- (9(.65 9VTL /PNO^H` (YHNVU .( -H_ 2LU :\MMYPKNL 4H`VY 3VYP +\UU *P[` *SLYR *0;@ *6<5*03 *\Y[PZ )\YY\Z ย )L]LYS` *SPU[VU ย 7H[YPJPH 1HJRZVU 4H`VY 7YV ;LT ย /\U[LY :WPURZ

West Elm Antiques 550 West Elm St. โ ข Rockmart, GA 678-988-4312 โ ข 779-684-0584

SLATE STREET BOOK EXCHANGE ร ร {ร -ย >ร iร -ร ร iiร ร Uร ,ย Vย ย >ร ร

ยน6 7ZiiZg LVn id GZXnXaZ 7dd`hยบ ร ร ร Uร ย ร ร >ย ร ร ร i`ย ร ร ย ร ร 1ร i`ร ย ย ย ร ร Uร ย ย >ร ย ย ย ร ร ย ร >ร ร ร 7iย Vย ย i

Remember These Fine Hometown Merchants For All Your Shopping Needs! For advertising information, contact

Open Thursday & Friday 9-5 or by appointment

770-318-0202

mrr@mindspring.com

LADONNA MEARS 770-748-1520

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 38

AUGUST 2013

6WUHLJKW·V 5DLG WXUQV LQWR 6WUHLJKW·V )ROO\ IN %\ -(5(0< 67(:$57 MARCH 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII OF 1863, New York native and Union Col. Abel Streight was ordered to organize a mounted raid across North Alabama and into Georgia. His objective was to destroy the Western & Atlantic Railroad, one of the Confederate Army of Tennessee’s supply lines located just east of Rome near Kingston. What followed was a failed attempt to strike a blow at the Confederacy as poor communication among Union commanders, inadequate supplies and bad luck led to Streight surrendering at Cedar Bluff, Ala. The plan itself relied on misconceptions about the number of Union loyalists along the route through Alabama and just how easily it would be to travel undetected. Streight had served as part of the federal occupation force in northern Alabama during the summer of 1862 and interacted with resident Unionists. Thinking that more men would join

the Union cause as he marched toward Rome, Streight believed he could move confidently through enemy territory. He also believed a raid across Alabama to strike Rome — which was known for the Noble Brothers Foundry ironworks — and the railroad would be something that no one would think would happen. Out of the approximately 1,700 men recruited to be in Streight’s brigade, many were not accustomed to cavalry and when a request for horses was sent to the Union Army, Streight received temperamental mules recently procured from farms in western Tennessee. With the Union army short of steeds to spare, many of the mules were unbroken, old, or incapable of carrying their riders for great distances without frequent stops. The issue of the stubborn and loud animals would plague Streight’s forces from the start. Approximately 400 of the brigade’s mules darted into the surrounding countryside while in Eastport, Miss. near the start of the march, causing a delay as Streight waited in for a shipment

of mules. The animals kept Streight’s men from concealing their movement because of the mules’ braying. During the raid, Confederates hurled insults toward the brigade, referring to them as the “Jackass Cavalry.” Streight’s Raid began in earnest during a downpour. There was also the problem of having about 200 of his men without mounts, which slowed them down tremendously compared to Forrest’s pursuing forces. A few days later, Union scouts spotted Confederates on their right and left, threatening to surround the entire command. These movements led to the Battle of Day’s Gap on April 30, 1863, near Sand Mountain, Ala. Streight’s men thwarted Confederate Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest’s attempt to surround them and escaped only to have to fight off the Conferderate forces again a few hours later. These two events forced the Union brigade to continue at an accelerated pace and prevented Streight from resting his weary troops and mules, which proved

too slow to outrun Forrest’s horsemen. Throughout the raid, Streight believed Forrest’s men to outnumber his own when, in actuality, the Confederate detachment numbered roughly 600. By the time Streight’s men stopped in Cedar Bluff, Ala., on May 3 for a muchneeded rest, frustrated and weakened, with waterlogged ammunition, Forrest’s brigade was about 500 and surrounded the Union soldiers. By this time, Gadsden ferry operator and postal worker John Wisdom had heard of the Union’s plan to invade Rome and rode the 67 miles to inform the town. Feeling that there was no hope in continuing the raid and still believing he was outnumbered by Forrest’s pursuing forces, Streight decided to surrender his command. Streight and his men were brought to Rome as prisoners with Forrest hailed as a Confederate hero. Source: “Streight’s Raid”, Encyclopedia of Alabama, Keith S. Hebert, Assistant Professor, University of West Georgia

“Lighting the journey with hope” “Locally owned and Supporter of the Community”

SUPPORT • Care Giver Support Group • Grief and Bereavement Support Group QUESTIONS Our nurses are available to answer your questions over the phone, by email, or in person. We would be happy to attend a family meeting to help you by answering questions and providing information. We are available to speak to your Adult Ministry, or provide an educational forum for your organization. NORTHSTAR HOSPICE GOES ABOVE AND BEYOND • Pay for and deliver medications related to terminal illness. • Pay for and deliver supplies and equipment related to the terminal illness. • 24 Hour availability to our patients, families and the medical community. • Provision of all allowed services under the Medicare Hospice Benefit. • Actively work with the patient, family and Physician to prevent hospital readmission.

216 Newton Road • Calhoun, GA 30701 (706) 403-4033 • www.northstarhospice.com info@northstarhospice.com • License #064-0355-H

Serving Local & National Manufacturers with Corrugated and Paper Packaging Products Since 1988

633 10th St. Cedartown

770-748-1329

AUGUST 2013

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

+RVSLWDOV LQ )OR\G &RXQW\ VHUYLQJ ZKDWHYHU PDVWHUV KHOG WKH ODQG BOTH %\ -2+1 %$,/(< SIDES OF THE 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII CIVIL WAR at some point used Rome as a military hospital for those too injured or sick to continue fighting. The beginning of Rome’s medical tour of duty began in December 1862 when military inspectors deemed that the city was far enough away from the front, had a good source of water and connected by a rail way to the Western and Atlantic Railroad to set up a Confederate Military Hospital on Broad Street. Soon after, several other hospitals also were established – the Quintard Hospital, also on Broad Street at Fifth Avenue, and the Bell Hospital. In 1861, a Soldier’s Relief Room — not a fully equipped hospital — was founded by the Soldier’s Aid Society on the corner of Broad Street and East First Avenue. The small complex was razed after a smallpox scare. Officers would often be brought to Rome to heal and often frequented Rome’s society functions, a habit that continued throughout the war as larger complexes were built. Soon after the hospitals were established, the Battle of Stones River in Murfreesboro, Tenn., sent over 1,000 soldiers streaming in to flood the facilities. This surge, and others that followed, caused shortages in food for the area. One famous Confederate nurse, Kate Cumming, served as a nurse in Rome during the summer of 1863 before continuing on to assist the treatment of rebel soldiers. In March of 1863, a fourth hospital was established on the 200 block of Broad Street specifically for soldiers of Gen. Leonidas Polk’s Army Corps. As the war grew closer to Rome many of the wounded, staff and some equipment of the Quintard Hospital were moved to Cleveland, Tenn. The building quickly became the site of the Pim Hospital. After the Confederate forces fled the area in 1864, Union troops began to be housed in the facilities.

PAGE 39

+MED FIRST

Immediate Medical Care Center No Appointment Necessary • Walk-Ins Accepted

Monday-Friday 9am-6pm • Saturday 9am-1pm

FAMILY MEDICINE CENTER +MED FIRST will serve all your medical needs • Board certified Primary Care Physicians • Urgent Care for Sprains, Strains, Burns, Lacerations, Broken Bones w/Cast Splinting • Chronic Disease Management for: Coumadin, High Blood Pressure, Diabetes 3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI 9DQLVKLQJ *HRUJLD $UFKLYHV

(QG (DVW 5LGJH &RXUW (DVW 5RPH 6DQLWRULXP EDWWHU\ XVHG DV KRVSLWDO IRU &RQIHGHUDWH VROGLHUV A Union soldier from Iowa writes in his diary of his stint in a Rome hospital after contracting what he describes as “malaria� digging out a rifle trench. Alexander Downing of Company E, Eleventh Iowa, Veteran Volunteers was shipped to Rome on July 12, 1864, and repeatedly states the sick had “very poor food here in the hospital, but we have good water.� Downing described the hospital has having “a great many sick and wounded in this place. All of the vacant store buildings are filled with the sick, while the wounded are cared for in the tents east of town.� Many days go by with the notation of “Nothing of any importance.� He often notes that there seem to be very few people in town and nothing much takes place other than rain and hot weather. He left the hospital in Rome to rejoin his unit on September 23, 1864 shortly before the burning of Rome. Sources: “All Roads to Rome� by Roger Aycock; “Georgia’s Rome: A Brief History� by Jerry R. Desmond; “Downings’ Civil War Diary� published by the Historical Department of Iowa in 1916 by Alexander G. Downing.

• X-ray and EKG on-site • Laboratory on-site - DNA and Paternity Testing Shots: Flu, Pneumonia, Tetanus, Hep B Series • Skin Cancer Screening • Physicals: DOT, Pre-employment, schools, sports, insurance • Pharmacy on-site: Medications include: Antibiotics, Anti-inflammatory, allergic, cough, steroid and more WE ARE IN NETWORK & FILE MOST INSURANCES

DR. ALLISON CANNON NOW ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS

WORKER’S COMPENSATION SERVICES • Treatment and Evaluation: No waiting, Prompt courteous service. • Certified Drug Screens, Breath Alcohols, Audiometry, Spirometry • Physicals: DOT and Pre-employment

1384 Battlefield Pkwy • Fort Oglethorpe, GA

706-861-2700

PAGE 40

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013

&OHEXUQH VWDQGV KLV JURXQG DW 5LQJJROG *DS MAJ. %\ 0,.( 2Âś1($/ GEN. 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII PATRICK RONAYNE CLEBURNE once was one of the South’s mostloved and most-respected generals, particularly after his success against vastly greater numbers at the Battle of Ringgold Gap. But his bold proposal during the winter of 1864 to replenish rebel ranks by enlisting slaves as soldiers made him a political pariah, overlooked for promotion and destined to die alone while fighting for his adopted country. Born on Saint Patrick’s Day, March 17, 1828, in County Cork, Ireland, he was orphaned at 15. Upon failing the entrance exam to Trinity College of Medicine in 1846, he abandoned the idea of following in his father’s footsteps and becoming a physician. He joined the British Army’s 41st Regiment of Foot. Within three years the young Anglo-Irishman had advanced to the rank of corporal. Instead of pursuing a military career, Cleburne decided to emigrate to the United States. He bought his discharge from the Royal Infantry and by 1860 had become a naturalized U.S. citizen, attorney and businessman living in Arkansas. When the Civil War broke out, Cleburne sided with the Confederacy, not because of any fundamental belief or support of the institution of slavery, but because Southerners had adopted him as one of their own. He joined a local militia unit, the Yell Rifles, as a private soldier, and again his rise through the ranks was rapid. First elected captain and then colonel, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in March 1862 and to major general nine months later. Cleburne’s prowess as a commander was recognized by Gen. Robert E. Lee, who described the him as “a meteor shining from a clouded sky.â€? Cleburne’s intestinal fortitude, leadership and skill as a tactician

&DWRRVD 1HZV SKRWR 0LNH 2Âś1HDO

7KLV LV D SRUWLRQ RI 0DM *HQ 3DWULFN &OHEXUQHÂśV HPDQFLSDWLRQ SURSRVDO RQH WKDW ZRXOG DOORZ VODYHV WR MRLQ WKH &RQIHGHUDWH $UP\ DV D ZD\ WR HDUQ IUHHGRP were proven when he commanded a rearguard action near Ringgold following the Confederate defeat at Chattanooga the day after Thanksgiving 1863. It was at the Battle of Ringgold Gap that, even though he was outnumbered by more than 4 to 1, Cleburne’s command held the Union army at bay for more than five hours and led Jefferson Davis to nickname him “Stonewall of the West.â€? Shortly afterward, still in the winter of 1863, Cleburne sensed the Confederacy was doomed unless a means was found to dramatically increase its military manpower. His proposal, at once logical but incendiary, was to free slaves in order that they could fight for the Confederacy. The pre-war census of 1860 show the Northern states had a population of about 18.5 million, not counting the border states of Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. What would become the 11 Confederate states had a population of about 9 million, but of that number roughly 3.5 million were slaves. The South faced a manpower disadvantage in raw numbers of 2-1, but that worsened to 3-1 if slaves were not a factor. Even though he had just won a battle against even greater odds, Cleburne knew that his victory, though brilliantly won, was short-lived. As soon as his job of stalling Union pursuit of Braxton Bragg’s army was complete, Cleburne withdrew his troops before “Fighting

Joe� Hooker’s federal troops could regroup and by sheer strength of numbers push the Confederates aside. To Cleburne, the course of the war had become a matter of numbers and that the South was doomed due to lack of manpower. On Jan. 2, 1864, Cleburne presented his radical solution to Gen. Joe Johnson and the command staff of the Army of Tennessee: emancipate slaves and enlist them in the fight for Southern independence. His proposal was met with silence. Johnson refused to forward the plan to Richmond, but Jefferson Davis and others in the Southern hierarchy were incensed by the thought of arming slaves. Cleburne, who had been lauded for his action at Ringgold, was now lambasted and any hope of advancement was dashed. Within a year, Cleburne died during an assault near Nashville at Franklin, Tenn. Contemporary accounts report Cleburne’s horse was shot out from under him and that he was last seen advancing on foot toward the Union line with his sword raised. Confederate war records indicate he died of a shot to the abdomen or through the heart and that when his body was recovered his boots, watch, sword and anything else of value had been stripped from his corpse. Counties in Alabama and Arkansas bear his name, as does a city in Texas and a cemetery in Jonesboro, Ga. But there were no statues of Cleburne until the one dedicated Oct.

&DWRRVD 1HZV SKRWR 0LNH 2Âś1HDO

$ VWDWXH RI &RQIHGHUDWH 0DM *HQ 3DWULFN &OHEXUQH LV WKH FHQWHUSLHFH RI D VPDOO SDUN DORQJVLGH 8 6 LQ 5LQJJROG WKDW PDUNV WKH ORFDWLRQ ZKHUH &OHEXUQHÂśV FRPPDQG WKRXJK RXWQXPEHUHG WR IRU ILYH KRXUV KHOG DGYDQFLQJ IHGHUDO IRUFHV DW ED\ 3, 2009, at Ringgold Gap. It was the first time in 75 years that such a memorial was dedicated in the state. And today, in a tidy wayside park along U.S. 41 in Ringgold, that bronze statue of Confederate Maj. Gen. Cleburne stands immobile, just as the living, breathing general did 150 years ago. And there, unblinking, his gaze looks ever northward from the slope of White Oak Mountain, looking for a way to hold a superior force at bay and change the course of history.

AUGUST 2013

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 41

7KH ELJJHVW EDWWOH \HW 7HQV RI WKRXVDQGV H[SHFWHG DW 0F/HPRUH·V &RYH LQ :DONHU &RXQW\ IRU WK DQQLYHUVDU\ UHHQDFWPHQW RI WKH %DWWOH RI &KLFNDPDXJD THE PLANNING a staple for Civil War %\ &+5,67, 0&(17<5( has been ongoing for five history enthusiasts 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII years, and now that the for decades, and re150th anniversary of the creations of famous Battle of Chickamauga armed conflicts, such is near, those who live and breathe its as Gettysburg and Antietum, among history are looking forward to what may others, are known to draw thousands likely be the largest gathering in Walker of participants and spectators each County history. year. Walker County has capitalized From all across the country and on this fact in the past, as the Battle of beyond, Civil War history re-enactors Chickamauga was one of the biggest, will be flocking to Mountain Cove and bloodiest, moments in the war’s Farms in Chickamauga in late history and its modern iterations are September to participate in a massive always a large draw for re-enactors. weekend of simulated combat that is Furtheering the draw is the fact expected to draw up to 40,000 people that this year’s battle will be fought to the scenic valley. in and among the incredibly scenic Re-enactments of battles have been and newly-renovated Mountain Cove

Farms in McLemore’s Cove. “Of course, the property that we are having the re-enactment on belongs to Walker County, the Georgia Department of Transportation and the Georgia Department of Natural Resources,” said John Culpepper, Chickamauga city manager and chairman of the Georgia Civil War Commission. Culpepper is leading the charge in preparing this year’s battle reenactment, and is confident that the crowds that will flood the sheltered vale of the cove will double or even triple the amount seen five years ago. “Based on some of the other national re-enactments that have occurred, we’re projecting 20,000 to 25,000 spectators,” Culpepper said. “Everything is booking

up. All our motels seem to be booking up very very quickly.” In addition, Culpepper expects up to 15,000 reenactors to participate in the upcoming spectacle. “If we get the 25,000 spectators, the 15,000 reenactors, we’re looking at probably a $4 million hit to the local economy,” Culpepper said, How re-enactments work Culpepper is heavily focused on preparing for an upcoming reenactment with the highest possible concern for safety.

FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

We take care of our own Our employees choose CCHRC for their families

When Miss Ruby needed assistance, her family chose Cherokee County Health & Rehab. Two of her granddaughters work at CCHRC, and they know first-hand the high quality of care we provide. From short-term rehab to assisted living and long-term care, we are here when you need us. Come home to CCHRC.

706-253-9462 • 3622 Camp Road • Jasper GA 30143

Caring For Those Who Cared For Us 877 Cedar Bluff Road, Centre, Alabama 35960 256-927-5778 www.cchrc.net

PAGE 42

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013

0HVVHQJHU ILOH SKRWR 0DWW /HGJHU

5H HQDFWRUV PDUFK E\ VSHFWDWRUV GXULQJ WKH WK DQQLYHUVDU\ %DWWOH RI &KLFNDPDXJD LQ :DONHU &RXQW\

0HVVHQJHU ILOH SKRWR 0DWW /HGJHU

$UWLOOHU\ FDQQRQV OLQH DQ HQFDPSPHQW GXULQJ D UH HQDFWPHQW IRU WKH WK DQQLYHUVDU\ RI WKH %DWWOH RI &KLFNDPDXJD WK $11,9(56$5< %$77/( 2) &+,&.$0$8*$ 5( (1$&70(17 6(37 Âą 7,&.(76 One-day ticket, $10, parking included Two-day ticket, $15, parking included Children under 12, free Tickets and more information, 150thanniversarychickamauga.com

5()5(6+0(176 Food and drinks, including malt beverages, will be available for sale during the reenactment. Blankets and lawn chairs are encouraged, and guests are welcome to bring their own picnic lunches. Bringing alcoholic beverages into the site is prohibited.

6&+('8/( 2) 63(&7$725 (9(176 All simulated battles will take place in McLemore’s Cove, regardless of the location of the original action. Saturday, Sept. 21 10 a.m.: Calvary actions around Crawfish Springs, Ga. 4 p.m.: Fight for the vineyard field, the Chickamauga “ditch of death.� After dusk: Cleburne’s night assault Sunday, Sept. 22 2 p.m.: Longstreet’s breakthrough and the fight for Snodgrass Hill

TM

Introducing J-MAX , the next generation of Justin Original Workboots. Learn more at JustWorkboots.com

DiPrima’s Shoes

Calhoun 706-629-5365

Rome 706-234-7463

Cartersville 770-387-9454

AUGUST 2013 FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH To this end, he is coordinating with the two men who will be leading the Confederate and Union re-enactors during the battle, Brigadier Generals Joe Way and Terry Crowder, respectively. Way, based out of Pensacola, Fla., has led the Confederate side of multiple large-scale re-enactments in the past few years, including Shiloh 2012 and Gettysburg earlier this year, often opposite Crowder, a St. Louis-based re-enactor who also commanded at Shiloh 2012. “The Battle of Chickamauga is being put on by the Blue-Gray Alliance — which is a national and international organization — in conjunction with Walker County,� Way said. “We have members in the organization both national and international. We’re probably anywhere from 15,000 to 18,000 members strong.� “The Battle of Chickamauga was part of the campaign for Chattanooga,� Culpepper explained. “Chattanooga was a railroad hub for the Confederacy as far as getting supplies to the troops, and also it was the home of the natural gateway through the Appalachian mountain to the Deep South. ... And so if Chattanooga fell to the Federals, which it finally did, it opened that gateway to the Deep South, and you had Sherman’s march to the sea.� “Chickamauga is the Gettysburg of the west,� Way said. “That’s what we call it in re-enacting.� “It’s the bloodiest two-day battle (of the Civil War),� Culpepper said. “Gettysburg had more casualties, but it was a three-day battle.� Re-enactments, in their modern form, are highly-coordinated spectator events designed to not only provide a realistic experience to the participants in the portrayal of the battle, but family-friendly historical entertainment to the public as well. Though real working weapons are used, they are not loaded with ammunition, only black powder to help recreate the sounds, sights and smells of battle. “For our infantry, we use the three-band muskets,� Culpepper said. The preferred make is the Enfield or Springfield musket, with detachable bayonets. “It was the modern assault weapon of that time,� he explained. “But it is a real weapon,� he said. The muskets could, if loaded, fire live

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY ammunition. “It’s made to military specs. ‌ It will kill you.â€? “The infantry has bayonets,â€? Way said. “But we don’t fix the bayonets unless it’s scripted, because of safety. We’re very, very cautious-minded on the field, safety-wise.â€? Central to the reenactment is keeping the action on the field as close to historically accurate as possible. This means that amidst the cannon fire and powder smoke, cavalry horses are charging and men are falling to the ground with various “injuries.â€? The scripting of a battle runs according to the historical record — battle regiments and corps repeat the same flanking movements of their opponents with approximately the same percentage of soldiers as in the original battle, for instance. To keep the event fair and exciting for all participants, a proper percentage of “killed,â€? “woundedâ€? or “missing in actionâ€? roles are calculated and doled out before the battle begins, though individual reenactors don’t know their own fate until partially through the event. The surprise factor is maintained through the use of a simple color-code system of special cartridges placed in participants’ ammo boxes. “We try to do the numbers and break them down,â€? Way said. “We do it as authentically correct as possible. ... The commanders will drop different cartridges — color cartridges — in their box, and when they draw one out, they’re either wounded or they die. That’s how we do it. And we don’t just pick individual names. (The commander) just goes down the ranks and puts it in. But we try to do a ratio of hits — wounded, crippled, missing and dead. “The Confederate side will be broken down into two wings, two corps, basically,â€? Way said. “From there, I’ll have division commanders, and from there brigade and battalion commanders, just like the army was. We try to use the books as a pattern. “Some of (the battles) last as many as three hours,â€? Way said. “It’s just according to how much maneuvering we have to do and how long we want it to last.â€? Of course, the uniforms, too, will be as realistic as possible to match the historical fighting. FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

PAGE 43

&KHURNHH &RXQW\ &KDPEHU RI &RPPHUFH &+$0%(5 0(0%(56 6833257 &+$0%(5 0(0%(56

&KDPEHU (YHQWV %XVLQHVV :RUNVKRSV 0RQWKO\ %UHDNIDVW 1HWZRUNLQJ

$QQXDO %DQTXHW /HDGHUVKLS &KHURNHH <RXWK /HDGHUVKLS +RPH *DUGHQ 6KRZ

0LVVLRQ 6WDWHPHQW 7KH SXUSRVH RI WKH &KHURNHH &RXQW\ &KDPEHU RI &RPPHUFH LV WR VWLPXODWH SURPRWH DGYDQFH DQG LPSURYH EXVLQHVV LQGXVWU\ DJULFXOWXUH WRXULVP DQG FLYLF HQGHDYRUV RI &KHURNHH &RXQW\ $ODEDPD DQG LWV FLWL]HQV

ZZZ FKHURNHH FKDPEHU RUJ )DFHERRN &KHURNHH &KDPEHU &HGDU %OXII 5RDG %OGJ $ &HQWUH $/ ‡

7KH &KDPEHU SURPRWHV %XVLQHVV VXVWDLQDELOLW\ DQG JURZWK DQG 7RXULVP IRU &KHURNHH &RXQW\ :HLVV /DNH /LWWOH 5LYHU &DQ\RQ &KHURNHH 5RFN 9LOODJH 7HUUDSLQ &UHHN &RUQZDOO )XUQDFH DQG PXFK PRUH

&KDPEHU 6SRQVRUV &KHURNHH &RXQW\ &RPPLVVLRQ &LW\ RI &HQWUH 7RZQ RI &HGDU %OXII 7RZQ RI *D\OHVYLOOH 7RZQ RI /HHVEXUJ 7RZQ RI 6DQG 5RFN

$/ 3RZHU :HLVV 6KRUHOLQH &KHURNHH (OHFWULF &RRS &KHURNHH 0HGLFDO &HQWHU '& *DV )LUVW 6RXWKHUQ 6WDWH %DQN 5HJLRQV %DQN 7KH 6RXWKHUQ %DQN &RPSDQ\

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 44

FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH

0HVVHQJHU SKRWR 0DWW /HGJHU

$ KDQGIXO RI ZRPHQ MRLQHG WKH UDQNV RI UHHQDFWRUV GXULQJ WKH WK DQQLYHUVDU\ %DWWOH RI &KLFNDPDXJD LQ

5,9(5:22'

5HWLUHPHQW /LIH &RPPXQLW\

“The uniforms are researched based on what impression they’re doing,� Way said. Participants who wish to portray infantrymen will have a different look from those who are officers or cavalry men, for instance. “A lot of guys research them and they try to get the correct uniforms. ... It’s authentically correct all the way down to a lot of socks and underwear.� “You’ll find that the Confederate forces had a hodgepodge of uniforms,� Culpepper said. Because of the limited supply lines in the South, most of the Confederate uniforms were homemade, and many soldiers went barefoot. “All of them had homemade hats on — most of them are not military issue. And I always say, you don’t mess with a Confederate soldier’s hat, because that’s home to him. You better leave his hat alone, because his girlfriend may have gave it to him, his mother may have gave it to him. They were all farmers, they wore the wide-brimmed hats.� Some of the more dedicated reenactors may be tempted to go barefoot on the day of the battle, therefore, as

5(0(0%5$1&( 9LOODJH

5LYHUZRRG 5HWLUHPHQW &RPPXQLW\ LV D JUHDW FRQFHSW LQ TXDOLW\ OLYLQJ DFFRPPRGDWLRQV IRU VHQLRU DGXOWV /RYLQJ &DUH

ZLWK D WRXFK RI KRPH DQG PRUH

AUGUST 2013

doing so 150 years ago was often as much practicality as it was necessity. “A lot of them took their shoes off so they would get better traction,� Way said. “And if the walking was good they took their shoes off to save their shoes,� Culpepper added. A few of the re-enactors are even electing to spend the night before the battle camped out deep in the woods of Pigeon Mountain, just as the original soldiers would have lived out of a haversack and risen at dawn to make their way to the battlefield. Horses, too, made an appearance at the Battle of Chickamauga, and Way is expecting between 300 and 400 mounted cavalry troops to participate in the re-enactment. One of the biggest draws, of course, will be the cannons, of which about 100 are expected, mostly on the Confederate side, Culpepper said. “There’s going to be some echoes off these mountains,� he said. Way agrees. “Those cannons are going to light this place up.� What to expect For visitors coming to see the reenactment, Culpepper and Way suggest

that tickets be bought in advance and arrival times be as early as possible. “Between 7:30 and 8 a.m. the gates will be openâ€? Way said. “You can buy tickets on site. ‌. We would rather you pre-buy them.â€? Based on the number of calls Culpepper has received asking about hotel reservations and the like, he feels comfortable stating that this year’s event will be twice as big, if not more, than the 145th reenactment five years ago. Tourists will even be coming by train, Culpepper said. “The Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum is going to bring two trains to Chickamauga — one on Saturday and one on Sunday. You’ll disembark the train in downtown Chickamauga, and transportation will be provided to bring you to the battle and back to the train, and you’d purchase your ticket at the railroad museum, which would include admission and everything.â€? Once at the battle in McLemore’s Cove, plenty of food, drink and historical entertainment, besides the battle itself, will be available. FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

FABRICRAFTS YOUR HEADQUARTERS FOR! • Quilt Frames • Craft Fabrics • Ribbon • Quilt Batts • Polyfil Stuffings • Notions • Embroidery Supplies • 90�-120� Sheeting • Fashion Fabrics • Quilt Frames • Craft Fabrics • Ribbon •• Camouflage • Vinyl • Styrofoam Quilt Frames • Craft Fabrics • Ribbon • Yarn • Quilt Batts • Polyfil Stuffings • Ribbon • Quilt Frames • Craft •• Patterns •Fabrics Machine Quilting • Yarn• Foam Rubber Quilt Batts • Polyfil Stuffings • Embroidery Supplies • 90� - 120� Sheeting • Notions • Quilt Batts Stuffings Embroidery Supplies • Polyfil • 90� - 120� Sheeting • Yarn • Notions •• Fleece •120� Alteration • Upholstery • Camoflage • Fashion Fabrics • Embroidery Supplies • 90� •- Beads Sheeting • Notions • Camoflage • Plastic Canvas • Camoflage • Plastic Canvas • Patterns • Plastic Canvas • Patterns • Patterns

• Beads • Ceramcoat Paints • Beads • Ceramcoat Paints • Lace • Ceramcoat • Lace Paints • Lace

• Fashion Fabrics • Styrofoam • Fashion Fabrics • Styrofoam • Styrofoam

Come in and Come in and stitch stitch yourself Come in and stitch Come in and stitch yourself a bargain! yourself a bargain! a bargain! yourself a bargain!

1/2 Mile South off 411 on Hwy. 9 Piedmont Rd., Centre, Alabama 1/2 Mile South off on 99Piedmont Rd., Centre, Alabama South off 411 411 on Hwy. Hwy. Piedmont Centre, Alabama 1/2 1/2 MileMile South off 411 on Hwy. 9 Piedmont Rd., Rd., Centre, Alabama

Call 706-235-0807 today to schedule a visit xÂŁÂŁĂŠ7iĂƒĂŒĂŠ£äĂŒÂ…ĂŠ-ĂŒĂ€iiĂŒĂŠUĂŠ,œ“i]ĂŠ ĂœĂœĂœ°Ă€ÂˆĂ›iĂ€ĂœÂœÂœ`Ă€iĂŒÂˆĂ€i“iÂ˜ĂŒ°Vœ“

THANKS TO ALL OUR LOYAL CUSTOMERS!

Debra Jones

Mon.-Sat. 9-5 PM

256-927-2484

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013 FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH “We will have modern food vendors here,” Culpepper said. “We’re going to keep the prices reasonable, about what you’d pay anywhere else.” The food, he said, will include “hamburgers, hot dogs, barbecue. ... Chick-fil-A is going to be here. Old Mill Kettle Corn is going to be here. Cedar Grove Community Center is going to sell a vegetable plate — cornbread, onions, pinto beans, turnip greens, corn on the cob. The Future Farmers of America are going to do a loaded baked potato. ... The United Daughters of the Confederacy is going to do baked goods, and the Georgia Winery will be down here selling their wine. They’ve got a special 150th Chickamauga commemoration wine that they’re selling. They’ve got it in the stores now. And it’ll be a collector’s item.” Although beer and wine will be sold on site, visitors are prohibited from bringing their own alcohol into the event. Packing an alcohol-free picnic lunch from home, however, is welcomed. “It’ll be a good, family-oriented event,” Culpepper said.

For those interested in seeing a living history representation of daily life during the Civil War era, a civilian “town of LaFayette” will be set up for the public to view. LaFayette, though not the only Walker County settlement, was the only organized town in the county at the time. “A group of civilians come in and they set up the wall tents. They have a constable, they have the merchants. ... That was the only organized town (at the time,)” Culpepper said. “Ringgold and LaFayette were the only two towns in northwest Georgia.” Period-style vendors will also be set up, known as sutlers during the days of the Civil War. “You’ve got at least 35 to 50 sutlers who’ll be on the runway right here,” Way said. “They’ll have all kinds of activities going on.” “They’re period merchants,” Culpepper explained. “They actually followed the armies in tents and wagons and they’d set up, and if I (as a soldier) needed a button or I needed a shirt or a plug of tobacco, I just went to the roll-in store.” After the battle itself, the city of Chickamauga will be hosting some of

its other signature Civil War-themed events, such as the annual Blue-Gray Barbecue Cook-Off, complete with an arts and crafts festival, as well as a period-style ball, both of which will be at the Gordon-Lee Mansion in downtown Chickamauga. “A lot of folks come just to participate in the ball,” Way said. The ball this year will feature “Unreconstructed,” a band noted for their Civil War-era music. “They’re one of the leading groups in the hobby,” Way said. Those from out of town looking for more information or directions to one or more of the upcoming events is encouraged to visit the reenactment’s website. Directions are available which will lead visitors not only to the battlefield itself, but also to the various neighboring towns, in the hopes of further boosting the local economy with hundreds if not thousands of visitors in need of gas, food and shopping. “The directions that we’re putting on the website for people to come, we’re trying to funnel them through Rossville, Fort Oglethorpe, Chickamauga, on to

PAGE 45 the battle,” Culpepper said. “That’ll be people that’s getting off I-24, people getting off I-75. ... Basically they’ll come to Fort Oglethorpe, take LaFayette Road through Chickamauga Battlefield, then on through Chickamauga and on down here. The people coming from I-75 south, they’ll get off at (Ga.) 136 LaFayette exit, come to downtown LaFayette. ... They will basically turn south and go down to (Ga.) 193, go across Pigeon Mountain and come to the site. We’re hoping they’ll stop on the way down or the way back,” he said. And, to start the whole weekend off right, the official welcome center for the 150th Battle of Chickamauga will be located at the Georgia Winery in Ringgold, where visitors can sample the commemorative wine and get any needed last-minute directions or advice on local spots for eating or shopping. “(This reenactment is) going to be one of the major events in the history of Walker County,” Culpepper said. “For two or three days, we’re going to be the largest city — other than Dalton, Georgia — in the area.” For more information visit 150thanniversarychickamauga.com.

24 r Hou cy gen

r Eme rvice Se

INSIST ON “QUALITY”

~Get involved with our community~

www.polkgeorgia.com

• Power Scooters Home Oxygen & • Lift Chairs Respiratory Services • Walking Aids • Oxygen Concentrators • Bathroom Aids • Portable Oxygen • Sleep Aids • CPAP & BIPAP Equipment Nebulizers • FREE Sleep Apnea Screenings • Cannulas, Masks, Tubing, Home Medical Equipment Regulators & Humidifiers • Hospital Beds • Wheelchairs & Accessories

Home Medical Equipment and Supplies • The CPAP Experts

Be Local ~ Buy Local ~ Shop Chamber Members

798 RED BUD ROAD • CALHOUN, GA 30701 • 706-625-3777 1300 N. THORNTON AVE. • DALTON, GA. 30720 • 706-275-6600

PAGE 46

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013

7KH 1REOH %URWKHUV )RXQGU\ &UHDWLQJ FDQQRQ UDLOURDG FDUV DQG WKH &ORFNWRZHU A CHANCE %\ -2+1 %$,/(< BUSINESS 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII venture turned into a legacy for the Noble family as well as the city of Rome. Today, at least one of the remnants of the Noble Foundry, a huge lathe, still remains on display at the Rome Civic Center on Jackson Hill. The story of the Noble family’s involvement with Rome began in 1855 when James R. Noble Sr. and his six sons came looking for new opportunities in the South. It was a chance meeting with two Rome businessmen, John Hume Sr. and Wade S. Cothran, that convinced the Pennsylvania ironworkers to come to Floyd County. On the list of reasons they finally set their sights on this area was the proximity to high quality iron ore deposits, some of which the Nobels had seen on display in the Crystal Palace in England. Hume and Cothran convinced Noble that Rome had greater potential for growth than Chattanooga, Tenn., previously their first choice. Inauspicious beginnings plagued the Nobles. Several thousand dollars were stolen from James R. Noble Sr. on the train ride south and Noble accused the future president of the Confederate States of America, Jefferson Davis, of the crime. Davis was cleared of the accusation in no time and no hard feelings were held by either party. The Nobles initially depended on credit but soon had a foundry up and running on the banks of the Etowah River on the lower end of Broad Street. By 1857, the Noble Brothers Foundry built one of the first railroad locomotives south of Richmond, Va. The Alfred Shorter,

named after the founder of Shorter College, ran on an 18-mile spur east from Rome to Kingston, where it linked with the Western and Atlantic Railroad. The foundry manufactured items from rifled cannon, smoothbore howitzers to boilers and steam engines for riverboats on the nearby Coosa River. The foundry filled military orders for the Confederacy and was particularly noted by Davis — who declared that no Noble family son could enlist or be drafted into the army. “We have plenty of men who can fight,� Davis said. “But few who can make cannon.� Georgia Gov. Joseph E. Brown also exempted 20 employees from service in the state militia. Relations between the rebels and the foundry began to fail in late 1862 when the government stopped paying the Noble Brother’s invoices because of a dispute with the army. Despite the souring relations, the foundry remained a prime target in this area for the Union army. Rome fell into Union hands in May 1864 — the foundry was destroyed in November of that year as troops pulled out. On Nov. 10, 1864 Sherman ordered Brig. Gen. John M. Corse to “tonight destroy all public property not needed by your command, all foundries, mills, workshops, warehouses, railroad depots or other store houses convenient to the railroad, together with all wagon shops, tanneries or other factories useful to the enemy. Destroy all bridges immediately, then move your command tomorrow to Kingston.� The giant brick smokestacks of the Noble Brothers Foundry

3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI -LP /HZLV

'UDZLQJ RI 1REOH %URWKHUV )RXQGU\ 0DFKLQH :RUNV

3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI -LP /HZLV

Âł5RVH ´ D &LYLO :DU 1REOH %URWKHUV )RXQGU\ FDQRQ UHSOLFD were blown up and Union soldiers attempted to dismantle the lathe with sledgehammers. The lathe, while damaged, was not destroyed. It was purchased by the Rome Area Heritage in 1972. The Noble family rebuilt and began manufacturing railroad cars, eventually transferring the business to Anniston, Ala. But before the business left the foundry was responsible for creating the iron portion of the Clocktower in 1871 — which was once a water reservoir for Rome. Several cannonballs test fired by the Nobles were later found across the Etowah River in the slopes of Mount Aventine or in the riverbanks.

According to a historical marker on the site of the Noble Brothers Foundry one federal official said the foundry â€œâ€Ś did the federal government more harm than any one regiment of rebel soldiers did during the entire war.â€? The foundry was located near what is now Southeastern Mills. Sources: “History of Rome and Floyd County, Georgia in the Civil Warâ€? by Wade Bannister Gassman; “Journal, 1861‌â€? by Reuben S. Norton; “All Roads to Romeâ€? by Roger Aycock; “History of Rome and Floyd Countyâ€? by George Magruder Battey Jr.; “Merchant of Terrorâ€? by John Bennett Walters; “Marching with Shermanâ€? by Henry Hitchcock.

AUGUST 2013

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 47

3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI %DUWRZ +LVWRU\ 0XVHXP

$ ZRRGFXW UHSURGXFWLRQ RI D VFHQH LQ WKH WLQ\ YLOODJH RI (WRZDK DURXQG WKH WLPH RI WKH &LYLO :DU

7KH LURQ WRZQ RI (WRZDK THE HISTORY of 1837 when a man %\ -2+1 %$,/(< the town of Etowah named Jacob Stroup 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII began and ended with built a foundry for the iron and fire. production of iron. Before it was burned Around 14 years later to the ground by Union Gen. William a Georgia lawyer and politician, Mark T. Sherman’s troops then drowned A. Cooper, fresh from a failed bid under the waters of Lake Allatoona, for governor, purchased the Etowah the town was known and renowned for Manufacturing and Mining Company iron that made its way into cannons from Stroup. and Colt pistols as well as cutlery. The town at its height housed Small by today’s standards, the nearly 2,000 workers, including town was located in the hills of ironworkers, colliers, woodcutters Bartow County, then Cass, and was and slaves, according to “Mastering a booming iron town reminiscent of Iron: The Struggle to Modernize an those in Virginia and Pennsylvania. American Industry, 1800-1868� by Anne Kelly Knowles. Humble beginnings Set up to take care of those living and working at Etowah, the town had The town began its history around

several forges, a sawmill, a flour mill, at least two stores and a barrel factory. The mills ran on waterpower stored behind the company dam. The Etowah Company also owned thousands of acres of timberland and mineral deposits. Mark Cooper’s personal property exceeded 7,500 acres and the company’s holdings included 200 acres of farmland that provided food for the working community, according to Knowles. Iron from this foundry was sent to Sheffield, England and converted to steel there, according to “History of Bartow County, Georgia� by Lucy Josephine Cunyus. The steel was manufactured to razors and articles of cutlery; also samples

“ Without it a nation is imbecile, powerless, defenseless, degraded and barbarous.�

Mark A. Cooper on the subject of Iron. were sent to Colt and were made into pistols, according to Cunyus. The pig iron from Etowah furnished foundries in Atlanta, Macon and Augusta. Etowah was a boomtown populated by locals and ironworkers from up north and across the ocean. FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

PAGE 48 FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH Many of the ironworkers were Southern born and raised although others came from England and Ireland. A Pennsylvanian named Daniel Welch is listed as ironmaster and was assisted by two young relatives who clerked for the company, according to Knowles. At least half of the white workers at Etowah were single men and 23 of them lived in one boarding house. The Etowah proprietors owned 42 slaves, all but three of them were working age. Etowah employed both white and slave workers. A four-mile rail line along the banks of the Etowah River even connected the site to the main line of the Western & Atlantic Railroad. By all estimations the iron business was a profitable one and all was well until a financial downturn in 1857 panicked markets and manufacturers alike. Financial difficulties and friendship The financial panic of 1857, caused by a financial downturn in Europe, combined with a disagreement in the partnership of the company, put Cooper and the Etowah Manufacturing and Mining Company in a perilous financial position. Cooper was forced to secure a $200,000 debt, according to Cunyus, or lose the company. The well-connected businessman sought out the financial help of friends and 38 of them answered, co-signing a note to secure the debt. By all accounts the company was profitable and by 1860 Cooper had paid off the debt. He also commissioned a thank you note set in stone. Cooper commissioned what is now known as the Friendship Monument. The marble spire is engraved with the names of those 38 people who stepped forward and saved the company. It was erected on a ridge overlooking Etowah and, according to Cunyus, is the only one of its kind – a monument created by a debtor to thank his creditors. Although the Union army destroyed everything else at Etowah, wrote Cunyus, they left the monument. The company continued to produce iron and remain profitable as the United States destabilized and the South seceded in 1861.

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013

Lots of Colors To Choose Fr

War The Etowah Manufacturing and Mining Company remained under Cooper’s control until July 19, 1862 and within two years of the sale the entire facility was razed by Sherman’s troops. Cooper sold the company and property to a Tennessee holding company for $400,000 and the company was eventually sold to the Confederate States of America in August 1863 to increase iron production to furnish munitions for the war. During the war, Etowah almost exclusively provided iron for the Confederate forces. On May 22, 1864, Sherman’s troops attacked the town of Etowah. There was a brief and heated skirmish as the Union forces approached. According to an Atlanta Constitution article published on May 18, 1930 and reproduced in the “History of Bartow County, Georgia.” “A mighty army of nearly 100,000 traversed the W. & A. railroad. They swarmed all over Bartow County, and one particular unit, the 23rd corps, commanded by Gen. Schofield entered Cartersville driving the Confederates toward the river. On May 21 (1864) the 104th Ohio infantry marched to Etowah and burned the depot. On the 22nd the 100th Ohio and 16th Kentucky marched to the big stone flour mills and burned them, together with the adjacent buildings, destroyed large quantities of corn and flour. On the same day Col. J.S. Casement of the 103rd Ohio took the second brigade,…proceeding to the Iron Works totally burned and destroyed the office, the rolling mill, the nail mill and other adjacent buildings – the mill village as well.” At the end of the war the town was never reoccupied. In the early 1950s the construction of Allatoona Lake flooded the town site. The man who was the face of Etowah, Mark Cooper died at age 84 at his home near the ruins of the town of Etowah on March 17, 1885. The only thing left standing today marking the town of Etowah and its ironworks is a stone furnace and chimney at the Cooper Day Use Area on Lake Allatoona and the Friendship Monument now located at Friendship Plaza in downtown Cartersville.

SHARION’S SILK FLOWER OUTLET

LABOR DAY SALE

20% OFF 1 STOREWIDE Monday, September 2nd, 2013

DAY ONLY!

TER S I G RE FOR S! RIZE P R DOO

RIBBON 10 YARD WIRED ROLLS

50¢ per roll

while they last!

FALL WREATHS • HOME DECOR • CUSTOM FLORAL DESIGNING • IN STORE SPECIALS

CHECK OUT OUR MESH RIBBON! Now in stock & ready for all you do it yourselfers!

★ Gold ★ Bold Stripe ★ Glitter ★ Lazer Foil om Lots of Colors To Choose From

NOT SURE HOW TO USE? WE CAN SHOW YOU!

FALL & CHRISTMAS MERCHANDISE

NOW IN STOCK & ARRIVING DAILY! EXCELLENT PRICE & QUALITY • POINSETTIAS • ORNAMENTS • DOOR SWAGS • GARLAND • RIBBON • TREE TOPPERS • MESH RIBBON • MAIL BOX COVERS • WREATHS

FREE GIFT WITH PURCHASE

906 Lovers Lane • Calhoun, GA • 706-625-5519

AUGUST 2013

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 49

)RUPHU VODYH EXULHG DW 4XHHQ &KDSHO 0HWKRGLVW &KXUFK LQ .LQJVWRQ UHODWHG WR 0LFKHOOH 2EDPD BENEATH THE %\ /$85(1 -21(6 valued at $475. EARTH OF QUEEN Her former owner, 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII CHAPEL Methodist David Patterson, died in Church in Kingston lay 1852 and Melvinia was the bones of Melvinia taken from the people Shields, a woman whose roots extend and places she knew and shipped to from the shackles of slavery to the star Georgia. spangled banner at the White House, In South Carolina, she had lived on as DNA research has revealed Shields a thriving estate with 21 slaves. But is the great-great-great-grandmother in Georgia, under the charge of her of First Lady Michelle Obama. new masters Christianne and Henry According to a 2009 New York Shields, the former being Patterson’s Times article by Rachel L. Swarns daughter, Melvinia lived in a strange and Jodi Kantor, who cite the research and much different world. of genealogist Megan Smolenyak, it She was one of only three slaves was in 1850 that the elderly master of on property that is now part of a neat a South Carolina estate divided up his subdivision in Rex, near Atlanta. possessions on his death bed. According to an 1860 agricultural One of those possessions was survey, there were three horses, five a “negro girl Melvinia,” he wrote cows, 17 pigs and 20 sheep to care in his will, a 6-year-old slave girl for, whether Melvinia labored in the

fields or in the home. DNA testing and research indicates that while Melvinia was around 15 years old, Charles Marion Shields, a son of the girl’s owners, impregnated Melvinia with her first child who would be called Dolphus around 1859. Three of Melvinia’s four children, including Dolphus, were listed in the 1870 census as mixed race. One of her children was born four years after the emancipation of slaves, which may suggest that the father or fathers of her children impregnated her after slavery. Melvinia gave each of her children the Shields surname, which may have been the custom of slaves taking their master’s surnames or could have hinted at their paternity. Even after she was freed, Melvinia worked as a farm laborer on land

adjacent to that of Charles Shields, one of Henry’s sons. However, sometime in her 30s or 40s, census records show, Melvinia broke away and managed to reunite with former slaves from her childhood on the Patterson estate: Mariah and Bolus Easley, who settled with Melvinia in Bartow County, near the Alabama border. In Bartow, Melvinia went by a new, married name of Mattie McGruder. Employed as a midwife, she shared a home with her adult children and four grandchildren. According to the late Ruth Applin of Kingston, who not only knew Melvinia but married her grandson Emory, “Mattie McGruder (was) a loving, spiritual woman seen often with her bible and singing hymns.” She died at the age of 94.

If TIME, QUALITY and GENTLE CARE are important to you, we are here to serve you. • Scott C. Parmiter, DDS • Ravi Mereddy, DDS • Delessa Bone, RDH • MaryAnn Parmiter, RDH

“My staff and I are committed to the comfort and care of each patient. We believe everyone deserves an attractive, healthy smile. You’ll find each visit is a positive experience.” Scott C. Parmiter, DDS

706-629-8822 • New Patients Welcome •

Complete Dental Care

908 Red Bud Road • Calhoun, GA 30701

• Insurance Accepted •

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 50

AUGUST 2013

6KHUPDQ·V ¶0DUFK WR WKH 6HD· EHJLQV DW WKH %DWWOH RI 5LQJJROG *DS IN 1863, a %\ 0,.( 2¶1($/ Union Army 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII besieged in Chattanooga after having been put to rout in mid-September at the Battle of Chickamauga, celebrated Thanksgiving by breaking the Confederate stranglehold on that city. First, at the Battle Above the Clouds, when Union troops forced Confederates to abandon Lookout Mountain, then, on Thanksgiving Day, blue-coated soldiers swarmed up and over the slopes of Missionary Ridge, forcing the rebels to end their siege of Chattanooga and retire southward. Those actions at once marked the end of the Chattanooga Campaign and of the Confederacy itself. The tables of war had turned. Rather than racing for the shelter of Chattanooga following Chickamauga, now Union troops were in pursuit of a defeated foe. But, as so often occurred during the Civil War, the Union Army with its superior force was out-generaled and again found victory snatched from their

hands. It was at Ringgold Gap, the narrow passage between White Oak Mountain and Taylor Ridge, that about 4,100 Confederates under the command of Maj. Gen. Patrick Cleburne stood firm, allowing the main force of Gen. Braxton Bragg’s routed rebel army to escape to Dalton. During the pre-dawn hours of Nov. 27, 1863, Cleburne’s outnumbered troops held more than 12,000 Union soldiers under the command of Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker at bay for more than five hours of intense fighting. Before immigrating, Cleburne served with the British Army and some have said his rearguard action in Georgia mirrored that used by Wellington at Bucaco. Rebel troops threw rocks at the advancing federal troops in a barrage that, coupled with small arms fire and a few cannon, faced down the Union troops. In her book “A Meteor Shining Brightly: Essays on the Life and Career of Major General Patrick Cleburne,” Mauriel Joslyn offers Confederate Pvt. Sam Watkins’

recollection of the battle’s aftermath. “I saw a long line of blue coats marching down the railroad track. The first thought I had was well I’m gone up now, sure; but on second sight, I discovered that they were prisoners. Cleburne had the doggondest fight of the war. The ground was piled with dead Yankees; they were piled in heaps. The scene looked unlike any battlefield I ever saw… from the foot to the top of the hill was covered with their slain, all lying on their faces. They were flushed with victory and success, and had determined to push forward and capture the whole of the Rebel army and set up their triumphant standard at Atlanta. … But their dead were so piled in their path at Ringgold Gap that they could not pass them. … That brilliant victory of Cleburne’s made him not only the best general of the Army of Tennessee, and covered his men with glory and honor of heroes, but checked the advance of Grant’s whole army.” After a fierce morning’s fight, at about noon Cleburne ordered a withdrawal that resulted in most of his troops joining

the Confederate forces at their winter encampment at Dalton. Government records show that of 15,190 troops officially engaged at Ringgold. Hooker lost more men that morning — killed, wounded or missing — than during his successful assault of Lookout Mountain. Not only had the Confederate supply trains, artillery and troops successfully forded a creek at Ringgold and escaped further attack or capture by his federal force, Hooker suffered another setback the following day. On Nov. 28, 1863, the Union advance ground to a standstill at the Battle of Tunnel Hill. Overall, the result of this two-day rear guard action left a small garrison of Confederates at Tunnel Hill and a small federal force remained Ringgold. Confederates wintered in Dalton while Union troops bivouacked in Chattanooga but the respite from combat was short lived. Fighting resumed in February 1864 began what headlines declared as Gen. William T. Sherman’s “March to the Sea,” as Union troop left Ringgold, passed Tunnel Hill and waged the first battle of the Atlanta Campaign at Resaca.

DEDICATED TO: • Government • Education • Business • Recreation • Industry

Sherrie Chandler, Asst. City Clerk, Magistrate Rita Garrett, Accts Payable Clerk, Magistrate Mary Lee Tucker, City Clerk, Court Clerk, Magistrate

Marc Johnson

Phillip Roberts

Bess Yarbrough

Frankie Kelly

Glenn Chandler Mayor Tony Wilkie

Harry Moon

Derrick Wheeler

401 EAST MAIN STREET CENTRE, ALABAMA 35960 256-927-5222 OR 256-927-5223

AUGUST 2013

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 51

Dr. Joyave & his granddaughter, Grace

Join Us On

Accepting new patients • Open Mon.-Fri. 8-5:30 • Most Insurances Accepted • After Hours and weekend answering service Se Habla Español Calhoun: 204 Professional Ct. 7311 Fairmount Hwy. • 189 Professional Ct. • Cartersville: 100 Marketplace Blvd. St. 201

706-625-5900 agcpediatrics.com • Color the picture and bring back to our office for your free sticker!

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 52

AUGUST 2013

$ VNHWFK RI WKH ILUVW %DWWOH RI 7ULRQ )DFWRU\ %\ $*1(: 0<(56 ON SEPT. 1, &KDWWRRJD &RXQW\ 1863, the &DPS 6RQV RI &RQIHGHUDWH 9HWHUDQV federal Army began to move into Chattooga county. Thousands of Union soldiers on horseback, representing part of the 19 cavalry regiments of the XX Corps, were fanned out all over Lookout Mountain looking for passage down the mountain. When they found what they were looking for they had to stop because the roads were blocked by hundreds of trees which the Confederates had cut to slow the Union advance. Confederate cavalry regiments attacked the Union cavalry on Sept. 1 at Henderson’s Gap near Alpine; Tap’s Gap near Cloudland (Confederate loss was 25 men, Union loss was 150 men); and at Neal’s Gap (Confederate loss was 9 men, Union loss was 40 men). Gen. Alexander McDowell McCook, commanding the XX Army Corps, reevaluated his position on Sept. 13 and

started to move his army back. Being detached 40 miles from reinforcements and fearing that the entire Confederate Army of Tennessee was between Trion and LaFayette, he ordered all of his army back to Valley Head, Ala. The general advance of the Twentieth Army Corps of the Army of the Cumberland toward its target of Rome would grind to a stop in Chattooga County on Sept. 15 after the first Battle of Trion. A massive movement of the XX Corps back across Lookout Mountain to Alabama commenced in earnest after the fight in Trion. Most of the Federal XX Corps never made it across Lookout Mountain into Chattooga County at all. The first battle of Trion Factory took place on Tuesday, Sept. 13, 1863. This battle was the culmination of weeks of continuous cavalry skirmishing and fighting all over southern Chattooga County and north Alabama. In each of these events the Union cavalry would press the Confederate cavalry,

Melinda Callan, Clerk

•

•

attempting to find out where the Confederates would draw the line in the sand and make a stand. On Sept. 15, there was a cavalry skirmish in Summerville. Union cavalry pressed the Confederates north up the Summerville-Lafayette Road toward Trion Factory. As the federals chased the Confederate horsemen into Trion, a brigade of strategically placed infantry and artillery opened fire on the Union. The covered bridge across the Chattooga River in Trion is where the Rebels “drew the line” for the Yankees. The fight was brief, and it was bloody. The Confederates lost seven men; the Union lost 55 men. The dead were buried on the battlefield beside the road (now the Trion Cemetery). This is the large area of the cemetery fronting First Street where there are no markers but obvious graves. It was once known in Trion as “the unknown soldiers’ cemetery.” My great-grandfather, Green Berry Myers, a former Confederate soldier, wanted to be laid

to rest beside the unknown soldiers, and was buried there in 1910. The most notable aspect of the battle of Trion Factory was the element of infantry. The infantry at Trion Factory — Helm’s Brigade — was from the Confederate Army of Tennessee (headquarters in LaFayette under the command of Gen. Braxton Bragg) Hill’s Corps, Breckenridge’s Division. Helm’s Brigade was commanded by Brig. Gen. Benjamin Hardin Helm. Gen. Helm was killed in battle five days later at Chickamauga. He was Mary Lincoln’s brother-in-law. Helm’s official reports containing details of the battle at Trion Factory either never were written or they were lost. The Battle of Chickamauga, just days after the fight at Trion Factory, cast a dark shadow over both armies. The 35,000 casualties were overwhelming for both sides. FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

AUGUST 2013 FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH The details of dozens of smaller battles, including Trion Factory, Neal’s Gap, Summerville, and Alpine, were forever lost when many officers were either killed within a few days or the officers never wrote a report. Lt. Col. Paul F. Anderson, commanding Fourth Tennessee Cavalry Regiment, wrote an official report about the battle at Trion Factory that did survive. He was “in the Field” in Trenton, Ga. on Oct. 30, 1863, when he first had time to write a report on the action here. It is from this report that we learn of the placement of Helm’s Brigade in Trion. Helm’s Brigade consisted of approximately 2,800 men on Aug. 26, 1863, about three weeks before the action in Trion. This included: the 41st Alabama Infantry Regiment, commanded by Col. Martin L. Stansel; the 2nd Kentucky Infantry, commanded by Lt. Col. James W. Hewitt (killed in action at Chickamauga); the 4th Kentucky Infantry Regiment, commanded by Col. Joseph P. Nuckols; the 6th Kentucky Infantry Regiment, commanded by Col. Joseph H. Lewis;

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY the 9th Kentucky Infantry Regiment, commanded by Col. John W. Caldwell; and Cobb’s Kentucky Battery, commanded by Captain Robert S. Cobb. The Confederate cavalry forces that fought in Trion on Sept. 13, 1863, were under the overall command of Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler. Records indicate that regiments in Trion were from: Brig. Gen. John A. Wharton’s division; Col. Thomas Harrison’s Brigade; the 3rd Confederate Cavalry Regiment, commanded by Col. W.N. Estes; the 4th Tennessee Cavalry Regiment, commanded by Paul F. Anderson; Brig. Gen. William T. Martin’s Division; Col. John T. Morgan’s Brigade; the 1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment, commanded by Lt. Col. D.T. Blakely; the 3rd Alabama Cavalry Regiment, commanded by T.H. Mauldin; the 51st Alabama Cavalry Regiment, commanded by Col. M.L. Kirkpatrick; and the 8th Confederate Cavalry Regiment, commanded by Lt. Col. John S. Prather. The Federal or Union cavalry forces in the battle of Trion were from the Twentieth Army Corps of the Army of the Cumberland: Brig. Gen. George Crook’s Division; the

PAGE 53

Second Brigade, commanded by Col. Eli Long; the 2nd Kentucky Cavalry Regiment, commanded by Col. Thomas P. Nicholas; the 1st Ohio Cavalry Regiment, commanded by Lt. Col. Valentine Cupp; the 3rd Ohio Cavalry Regiment, commanded by Lt. Col. Charles B. Seidel; and the 4th Ohio Cavalry Regiment, commanded by Lt. Col. Oliver P. Robie. The battle of Trion Factory was not actually near the mill itself but near the covered bridge across the Chattooga River along the Summerville-LaFayette Road. The Summerville-LaFayette Road at the time passed through what is now the middle of the Triangle Shopping Center parking lot — passing under the milk-dairy aisle of Fisher’s supermarket, continuing north onto what is now Melba Drive, passing 100 feet west of the Krueger residence and going down the hill into the floodplain of the river. It crossed the covered bridge and continued north through the Trion Cemetery, following Thomas Road north to the intersection with Old Highway 27 at the north Trion city limit, where it continued north following Old 27. After the action in Trion, the Union cavalry regiments retreated back

toward Lookout Mountain — some going south through Summerville to Alpine to rejoin the main line of march of the XX Corps. The 1st and 3rd Ohio Regiments went west out of Trion, across the valley to Neal’s Gap. They went up to Lookout Mountain and then north again to Dougherty’s Gap, where they dropped down into McLemore’s Cove. Almost all of the participants of the Sept. 15 fight in Trion would meet each other again on Sept. 19 and 20, 1863, as the Union and Confederate armies unified for the battle of Chickamauga. Sources: The War of the Rebellion. Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vols. 50, 51, 52, 53. U.S. Government, 1892; Guild, George B. Narrative of the Fourth Tennessee Cavalry Regiment. 1913; McElroy, Joseph C. Chickamauga Record of the Ohio Commission. 1896; Wheeler, Joseph Lt. Gen. Confederate Military History. Volume VIII. Alabama, 1899; United Daughters of the Confederacy, Cemetery Census Records. Trion, Georgia. 1913; Van Horn, Thomas B. History of the Army of the Cumberland, 1875

Walker County Lookout Mountain

Rossville

The Dougherty House. Built around 1850 witnessed the advancement of both Union and Confederate troops during Walker County’s involvement in the war between the states.

McLemore Cove. Walker County has always been blessed with historical significance and natural beauty

Bebe Heiskell, Walker County Commissioner Post Office Box 445 • LaFayette, GA 30728 • 706-638-1437

PAGE 54

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

¶7KH 5RPH /LJKW *XDUGV ZHUH WKH EUDJ FRPSDQ\ ² WKH IORZHU RI RXU ODQG· [MY FATHER In 1861 when the %\ /$85$ 60,7+ &2&+5$1 AND] MOTHER war started, three )URP D PDQXVFULSW ZULWWHQ were blessed with companies of 100 E\ 0UV /DXUD ( 6PLWK many children, men each went as a 0UV + ' &RWKUDQ three sons and seven portion of the Eighth daughters, James, Georgia Regiment. Charles, Edward, Maria Louisa, Anna The “Rome Light Guards” under Maria, May, Harriet, Laura, Gertrude, Capt. Magruder, the “Floyd Infantry” and Alice. under Capt. Cooper, and the “Miller Seven grew to maturity, but my Rifles” under Capt. Towers. eldest brother, a fine young physician, The Rome Light Guards were died in Savannah at the age of 35. the brag company — the flower of My brothers, James and Charles, our land, and our brother Charlie settled in Rome, Georgia in 1851 went with them as Commissary, and and my father followed them there, Quartermaster with the same rank. he having accumulated a right nice They left us hopefully, not fortune for those days, of something anticipating a long struggle and like seventy five or one hundred confident they would soon secure thousand dollars. our rights. He bought a farm of 700 acres, In less than a month the first battle mostly river bottom land, lying on the of Manassas was fought — a glorious Oostanaula River, and here he raised victory for the South but bought at a mainly wheat, corn and clover and fearful price for us. was never a cotton planter. The Eighth Ga. was ordered to take He built a lovely home, one that a position entirely untenable as they continues to be beautiful and well were enfiladed on by Federal Troops preserved to this day even after all and suffered terribly. these years. We had splendid orchards Thirty from Rome were killed, and fruits of every kind. Our front amongst them some of our dearest piazza was wreathed with yellow and best. jasmine and it was a home to be proud My brother-in-law, Capt. Cooper, of. was mortally wounded, but lived long I was only ten years old when we enough for sister Hattie to be with moved to Rome and spent twelve him and comfort him in his last days; very happy years there before my an up-right Christian gentleman. marriage…. Later Hattie, with his parents, My father was opposed to the War; brought home the body and laid it to he did not believe Secession advisable rest in the family burying ground at or practicable, but when his state Etowah. A couple of months later this, voted for it he never questioned their her third baby, Frederic, was born; decision and two sons and four sonsshe was only 24 when she was left a in-laws were in the army. widow. I was only twenty when it began On May 12, 1863, I was married to and life was full of joy. “Greenwood” Capt. Hugh Dickson Cothran. He left was the name of our home there. as a private in the Rome Light Guards Three years before, my sister but had been appointed as the officer Hattie (who was three years older of the Post at Columbus, Georgia, a than myself) was married to Mr. John quartermaster with rank of captain. Fredrick Cooper, a young lawyer in He was only twenty three years old Rome, and they were living in their while I was twenty two. home with their two little boys, Paul and Walter when the war began. Source: Rome Area History Museum.

AUGUST 2013

Roster of the Rome Light Guards. May 26, 1861 Officers E. J. Magruder, Captain S. H. Hall, 1st Lieutenant M. Dwinell, 2d Lieutenant O. R. Lumpkin, 3d Lieutenant Non-commissioned officers J. T. Moore, Orderly Sergeant R F. Hutchings, Orderly Sergeant W. S. Hutchings, Orderly Sergeant Isaac Donkel, 4th Sergeant W. S. Skidmore, 1st Corporal, M.B Holland, 2d Corporal, L. S. Mitchel, 3d Corporal J. J. Black, 4th, Corporal J. M. Gregory, M. D. Surgeon G.G. Mercks, Bugler Jimmy Smith, Drummer, Privates J H Anderson G L Aycock A J Bearden J F Beasley W A Barron W S Booton R W Boggs L Barnsley W J Barrett George Barnsley J N Bearden Philip Cohen J B Clark S S Clayton H D Cothran R DeJournett GG Demming F M Ezzell J S Gibbons L Graves

W F Glenn Z B Hargrove T C Howard Silas R Jones Josiah Johnston J M Jack A R Johnson C L Johnson J Dunwoody Jones M Kaufman J W King Wm Luther W S Lansdell Wm Leigh H H Martin Wrn McCay M D McOsker Thos McGrath W S Morefield D H Miller C B Norton G C Norton W F Omherg R Penny A F Pemberton W M Payne M A Ross C W Rush V A Stewart J F Shelton M L Sanders G T Stovall TW Swank H A Smith G R Sanford J J Stinson F M Stovall J A Stevenson J T Shackelford R P Watters

As listed in the Pamphlet “A Soldier’s Duty” by Rev. John Jones. 1861, found on Duke University Internet Archive

AUGUST 2013

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 55

3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI %DUWRZ +LVWRU\ 0XVHXP

7KH *HQHUDO ZDV UROOHG RXW RI LWV KRPH LQ D .HQQHVDZ PXVHXP IRU D FHQWHQQLDO WRXU XS WKH ROG :HVWHUQ DQG $WODQWLF OLQH LQ 7KLV SKRWR ZDV WDNHQ DV WKH WUDLQ DSSURDFKHG GRZQWRZQ &DUWHUVYLOOH

*UHDW /RFRPRWLYH &KDVH KDV IDVFLQDWHG 1RUWK DQG 6RXWK WKURXJK WKH JHQHUDWLRQV %\ '28* :$/.(5 IT WAS EARLY 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII IN 1862 when Union Gen. O.M. Mitchell authorized loyalist James J. Andrews to put together a team of raiders from three Ohio infantry regiments. Their mission was to steal a locomotive, take it north on the old Western & Atlantic rail line, destroying track and burning bridges behind them. The railroad was a critical source of supply movements between Atlanta and Chattanooga. The event has been referred to as the Great Locomotive Chase, and Andrews

hijacked the train and took it north toward Chattanooga on April 12, 1862. Andrews’ party boarded the General during a stop at Big Shanty (Kennesaw). The Yankee faithful were able to seize the locomotive and a trio of boxcars, leaving passenger cars behind. Confederate Capt. William A. Fuller, aided by two others, started pursuit on foot, then on a tiny push car they picked up at Moon’s Station. Fuller was the conductor on The General. Just north of the village of Allatoona, they encountered the first section of missing rails but were able to abandon their push car and avoid injury. After getting the push car back on the track, they continued north

for a short distance before they came upon the train engine Yonah. The General stopped near the Kingston depot with Andrews explaining that he was taking three box cars to Mississippi. Andrews’ raiders were also forced to wait on a southbound freight train, the New York. That allowed Fuller and his chase crew in the Yonah to make up a lot of lost ground. The engine, William R. Smith, which had come through Kingston from Rome was commandeered to take up the chase. They weren’t far from Kingston when they discovered a mound of cross ties blocking the track. It wasn’t long after those were pushed aside that the Smith came up

on rails that had been severed from the line. Andrews was now north of Adairsville, where he had passed the southbound freighter, the Texas, and had an unencumbered line to Calhoun. Fuller and his party were chasing on foot until they met the Texas and convinced the engineer to back into Adairsville and join the pursuit of the General in reverse. Just north of Calhoun, Fuller picked up telegrapher Edward Henderson, a move that later turned out to be a major decision that ultimately led to an end of the chase. FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

PAGE 56

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013

Digital State-of-the-Art Computer Foot• Scanning ersonalized Fitting Diabetic Inserts Rollator Walkers with SeatCustom Comfort

Dean’s Drugs Inc.

Serving Cherokee County for over 50 years DEAN’S DRUGS is your only complete home healthcare provider. All of our products are in stock with free delivery - and we service what we sell. We also handle all of your insurance billing needs. Our trained, certified staff provides the following services:

Diabetic Shoes Digital State-of-the-Art Computer Foot Scanning Personalized Custom Comfort Fitting • Diabetic Inserts P Diabetic Custom Fit Lynco (Inserts) • Diabetic Copper Socks 3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI %DUWRZ +LVWRU\ 0XVHXP

&DSW :LOOLDP )XOOHU ZKRVH ORFRPRWLYH WKH *HQHUDO ZDV KLMDFNHG OHDGLQJ WR WKH *UHDW /RFRPRWLYH &KDVH LQ FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH The raiders dropped two boxcars north of Calhoun, near Resaca. The first car was set on fire and unhitched near a bridge over the Oostanaula River. Andrews had originally meant to burn a number of bridges on his ride north but a constant rain on that day made such an effort almost futile. At Dalton, Fuller dropped Henderson off to send a telegram to Confederate forces in Chattanooga. Andrews and his crew, not far ahead of the Confederate chase crew, cut the telegraph lines north of Dalton but enough of Henderson’s message was able to get through to alert forces that Yankee raiders were en route to Chattanooga. Just two miles north of Ringgold, the General suffered a mechanical problem and quickly rolled to a halt. Confederate troops were already heading south to intercept the train and as Andrews and his men bailed

from the General, they headed in the direction of Lookout Mountain but all were eventually captured. All but two of the raiders in the party were Union soldiers. Andrews and William Campbell were civilians. Four members of the original plotters did not participate in the raid; two of them actually overslept on the morning of the raid while two others joined Confederate forces before they got to Marietta. Andrews and seven others were hanged within two months of their capture. Eight of the original raiders managed to escape various prisons. Two of them used the Chattahoochee River to flee the prison in Marietta. They were finally rescued by Union troops who had set up a blockade on the river far to the south. Six of the raiders were held until they were exchanged for Confederate prisoners in March of 1863. Some accounts claim the prisoners were actually paroled by Confederate authorities.

CPAP/Sleep Apnea Equipment Brands stocked: Respironics and Resmed • Educate Patients on CPAP Usage • Customized Mask Fitting SAME DAY SERVICES

Medical Oxygen Equipment and Supplies ......... Oxygen Concentrators (In Stock)

Portable Oxygen Concentrators Small Portable Oxygen Tanks Large Oxygen Tanks

Medical Equipment Hospital Beds • Wheelchairs Bedside Commodes Rollator Walkers with Seatss and Baskets • Nebulizers with Medication Crutches • Walkers

Mobility Lift Chairs and Scooters by Pride We’re now a full Home Health Provider Joint Commissions Accredited

We’re Always Here When You Need Us! Dean’s Drugs • 699 Cedar Bluff Road • Centre, Alabama

256-927-5569 • 256-927-5575

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013

PAGE 57

0LQLVWHU¡V NLQGQHVV NHSW <DQNHHV IURP EXUQLQJ 6DQGHUVYLOOH DURING %\ 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII THE DARK DQG 7KH %R\V LQ DAYS of the %XWWHUQXW ZHE VLWH Civil War in 1863, the Rev. James D. Anthony and his family were transferred from Northwest Georgia to Sandersville, but this region’s loss was definitely South Georgia’s gain. Anthony, a Methodist minister, had been appointed to the Summerville circuit in 1861 and had previously taught school in Villanow and Plainville. On Nov. 25, 1864. The left wing of General W.T. Sherman’s Union army was approaching Sandersville with its two corps and 60,000 men. The other wing was only a few miles away below Tennille. Reports of explosions at Milledgeville, 27 miles away, could be heard. A judge presided over a meeting of all the town’s white males. With no defense against the oncoming horde, the men decided it would be in the best interest of the town to

surrender Sandersville to Sherman and beg for his mercy. One by one, those appointed to be chairman of the committee to meet the Union Army came up with an excuse to leave. Rev. Anthony’s name was called. He announced that he would remain in town, mainly on account of his invalid wife and his small children. Anthony stated his acceptance of the mission was not out of bravery or foolishness, but because his wife was unable to feed herself or turn over in bed without his help. Anthony became a committee of one. A few hours later, a portion of Gen. Joseph Wheeler’s Confederate cavalry rode into town. That afternoon, Wheeler’s horsemen skirmished with Union cavalry three miles west of town. Thirteen federal prisoners were brought into town. During the night all but one of the prisoners were sent away. The only Union prisoner was a cavalry lieutenant who had his forearm broken by a minie ball. A captain told Rev. Anthony that the wounded prisoner would be shot on

nor thgater v.com CHECK OUT OUR PRICES BEFORE YOU BUY!

4 4 2 C A N DY L A N E (Turn Beside Wendy’s , Located Beside Yates Wrecker)

the outskirts of town. Anthony pleaded for the life of the man. A Confederate surgeon released the Union officer, who sprang to his feet and ran to Rev. Anthony. Anthony took the man to the church parsonage. The town doctor came by to comfort the lieutenant. At that moment, Wheeler’s cavalry formed a line with two thousand soldiers near the parsonage. After one volley, they galloped away. Union forces fired back after a few minutes. The parsonage was struck several times, but the inhabitants were unharmed. In another few minutes, Union soldiers were swarming around the town and parsonage area. As soon as they entered the home, the wounded lieutenant ordered them not to harm anyone or anything in the house. By the time Anthony’s “committee of one� met with Sherman, word of his actions in behalf of the Union cavalry lieutenant had spread, and Anthony was able to convince Sherman not to burn the town.

3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI (G -DFNVRQ

7KLV LURQ PDUNHU LQ 6DQGHUVYLOOH FRPPHPRUDWHV 5HY -DPHV ' $QWKRQ\ D 0HWKRGLVW PLQLVWHU ZKR LV FUHGLWHG ZLWK VDYLQJ D ZRXQGHG 8QLRQ SULVRQHUÂśV OLIH DQG FRQYLQFLQJ WKH <DQNHHV QRW WR EXUQ WKH WRZQ

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 58

AUGUST 2013

‡ ʙ\ĂŽäÂ‡Ăˆ\ääĂŠUĂŠ->ĂŒ°ĂŠÂ™\ĂŽä‡£\ää Chris Tate, RPh Robin Sorrow, RPh

Medicine¡On¡Time

ÂŽ

0ERSONALÂŹ0RESCRIPTIONÂŹ3YSTEM4-

XOW OH 7+( 32:(5 2) :( )RU WLHQWV -XJJOLQJ 6H LFH $YDLODEOH HGLFDWLRQ 3DFNDJLQJ HG LFDWLRQ 3DFNDJLQJ FDWLRQ 3DFNDJLQJ DWLRQ 3DFNDJLQJ

BB

rown & rown

INSURANCE

0HGLFDWLRQ 3DFNDJLQJ 0 HGLF HGLF HG HGL LF 6HUYLFH $YDLODEOH 6HUY UY )RU 3DWLHQWV -XJJOLQJ )RU 3D 3D XOWLSOH 0HGLFDWLRQV X OWLS LS

:H¡UH KHUH WR KHOS \RX PDQDJH \RXU GDLO\ PHGLFDWLRQV ZLWK SURIHVVLRQDO FDUH DQG SHUVRQDO VHUYLFH

At Brown & Brown, we know that we must be agile in order to thrive in the very competitive insurance field. 1RUWK %URDG 6W 6XLWH 5RPH *$ ɡ

: 7+ 675((7 ‡ 520( *$ &RUQHU RI :HVW WK 6WUHHW WK $YHQXH

CLASSIC /FLOYD

%2:/,1*

" 7

* , / 9 &ORĂ&#x;/NLY „Ê4 Lanes 1 hour of bowling „Ê45 Minutes in the party room „ÊUp to 32 people bowling

Fiesta de Boliche Por solo $75

ÇÊ,ÂˆĂ›iĂ€Li˜`ĂŠ ÀÊ-7ĂŠ,œ“i]ĂŠ ĂŠĂŽä£ĂˆÂŁĂŠ­Ă‡äĂˆÂŽĂŠĂ“ĂŽ{‡ÇÎÇÎÊUÊÇxĂŠ Ă•vv>ÂŽiÀÊ,Âœ>`ĂŠ 7ĂŠĂŠ,œ“i]ĂŠ ĂŠĂŽä£ĂˆxĂŠĂŠ­Ă‡äĂˆÂŽĂŠĂ“ĂŽ{‡ÎÎÓÎ

AUGUST 2013

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

LOODJH , &DOKRXQ *$ LOODJH ,, &DOKRXQ *$ ELUG 3RLQWH &HGDUWRZQ *$ 3ODFH &KDWVZRUWK *$ QWDLQ , 5LQJJROG *$ QWDLQ ,, 5LQJJROG *$ 2SHQLQJ 2FWREHU RLQWH 7UHQWRQ *$ 2SHQLQJ 6HSWHPEHU QWH /DID\HWWH *$ &URVVLQJ , &HQWUH $/ &URVVLQJ ,, &HQWUH $/ &RXUW 6XPPHUYLOOH *$ D 3DUN &DUWHUVYLOOH *$ H DW &KLFNDPDXJD &KLFNDPDXJD *$

PAGE 59

12: /($6,1* EHGURRP XQLWV &DWRRVD 9LOODJH , &DOKRXQ *$ &DWRRVD 9LOODJH , &DOKRXQ *$ LWFKHQ ZLWK UDQJH GLVKZDVKHU JDUEDJH GLVSRVDO UHIULJHUDWRU ZLWK LFH PDNHU ¸ 6SDFLRXV NLWFKHQ SDQWU\ &DWRRVD 9LOODJH , &DOKRXQ *$ &DWRRVD 9LOODJH ,, &DOKRXQ *$ 3ULYDWH SDWLR RU EDOFRQ\ ¸ :DVKHU GU\HU FRQQHFWLRQV ¸ (OHYDWRUV IRU QG )ORRU 8QLWV &DWRRVD 9LOODJH ,, &DOKRXQ *$ &DWRRVD 9LOODJH ,, &DOKRXQ *$ +XPPLQJELUG 3RLQWH &HGDUWRZQ *$ PXQLW\ EXLOGLQJ IHDWXULQJ HTXLSSHG ILWQHVV FRPSXWHU FHQWHU ¸ 3LFQLF %%4 $UHD ¸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µ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

3LQH 9LHZ &URVVLQJ ,, &HQWUH $/ 12: /($6,1* EHGURRP XQLWV 12: /($6,1* EHGURRP XQLWV 6DUDWRJD &RXUW 6XPPHUYLOOH *$ ¸ )XOO\ IXUQLVKHG NLWFKHQ ZLWK UDQJH GLVKZDVKHU JDUEDJH GLVSRVDO UHIULJHUDWRU ZLWK LFH PDNHU ¸ 6SDFLRXV NLWFKHQ SDQWU\ ¸ )XOO\ IXUQLVKHG NLWFKHQ ZLWK UDQJH GLVKZDVKHU JDUEDJH GLVSRVDO UHIULJHUDWRU ZLWK LFH PDNHU ¸ 6SDFLRXV NLWFKHQ SDQWU\ 6KDQJUL /D 3DUN &DUWHUVYLOOH *$ ¸ 3ULYDWH SDWLR RU EDOFRQ\ ¸ :DVKHU GU\HU FRQQHFWLRQV ¸ (OHYDWRUV IRU QG )ORRU 8QLWV ¸ 3ULYDWH SDWLR RU EDOFRQ\ ¸ :DVKHU GU\HU FRQQHFWLRQV ¸ (OHYDWRUV IRU QG )ORRU 8QLWV ¸ &RPPXQLW\ EXLOGLQJ IHDWXULQJ HTXLSSHG ILWQHVV FRPSXWHU FHQWHU ¸ 3LFQLF %%4 $UHD ¸ *D]HER 7KH 9LOODJH DW &KLFNDPDXJD &KLFNDPDXJ ¸ &RPPXQLW\ EXLOGLQJ IHDWXULQJ HTXLSSHG ILWQHVV FRPSXWHU FHQWHU ¸ 3LFQLF %%4 $UHD ¸ *D]HER ´7KH )DLU +RXVLQJ $FW SURKLELWV GLVFULPLQDWLRQ LQ UHDO HVWDWH UHODWHG WUDQVDFWLRQ RU LQ WKH WHUPV RI FRQGLWLRQDO RI VXFK D WUDQVDFWLRQ UDFH FRORU UHOLJLRQ VH[ GLVDELOLW\ IDPLOLDO

´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µ EHHQ GLVFULPLQDWHG DJDLQVW LQ YLRODWLRQ RI WKLV ODZ WKH\ VKRXOG FRQWDFW WKH 86 'HSDUWPHQW RI +RXVLQJ DQG 8UEDQ 'HYHORSPHQW :DVKLQJWRQ '& RU FDOO µ

12: /($6,1*

PAGE 60

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013

*RUGRQ &RXQW\ KRPH SODFH RI KLVWRU\ BY 1862, %\ ( . :(67 GORDON 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII COUNTY was beginning to feel the chaos of Civil War. The area was host to Union and Confederate armies as they marched in battle. Jule Medders and his family have called the north end of the county home for generations. Lovingly referred to as “the farm�, the Medders homeplace lies along the Gordon/Whitfield county line, next to the Confederate cemetery. The farm and the area surrounding it played a major role during the Civil War. Originally the farm was home to Medders’ great-grandparents Peter Washington Chitwood and Celia Sloan Chitwood. “We would drive over and run around and play there years before we called it home,� said Medders. “The Scales House was gone before we moved to the farm. It sat on a hill

about a mile northwest of the John Green house. My great-grandparents (Chitwood) lived in this house for a while. There were bullets in the walls and I’ve been told a cannon ball was embedded in a log as well,� he said. “John Green’s house was the log house that was still standing when I was a little boy. It stood across the railroad tracks facing the Conasauga River. Papa (Thurman Chitwood) gave it to the state to be torn down and used to renovate other historical buildings. We have been told some of the logs were used at the Chief Vann Historic site,� Medders said. “John Green’s house was used as a field hospital during the battle. In fact, growing up, all I ever heard it called was the “old hospital house.� “Mr. Green’s wood station was located along the Western Atlantic railroad about 1/2 mile north of the house and his water tank was about another 1/2 mile north of that,� Medders said. “The Great Locomotive Chase

that came through the farm along the Western & Atlantic railroad on April 12, 1862, was the main event about the war in 1862. The war pretty www.edwardjones.com much stayed out of Georgia until the www.edwardjones.com fall of ‘63. Of course, you have folks making up their minds about joining the fight and concern for loved ones already serving in other parts of the www.edwardjones.com south. I believe Ft. Wayne was built as a response to the Great Locomotive Chase in order to provide better protection for the railroad.� www.edwardjones.com Medders said that during the “Chase� The Texas’ approach forced 3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI 9DQLVKLQJ *HRUJLD $UFKLYHV the General to move on before taking on enough wood and water to *RUGRQ &RXQW\ 5DQJHU make it to Chattanooga, bringing the -RKQ $ +RSSHU VHUYHG Great Locomotive Chase to an end LQ &R ( WK %DWWDOLRQ *HRUJLD near Ringgold. 9ROXQWHHU ,QIDQWU\ +H GLHG Trenches, fortifications and relics RQ -XQH %\ WKDW WLPH of battle have become a part of the landscape on the farm, making the KH KDG DWWDLQHG WKH UDQN RI area a historical gold mine. Medders, FDSWDLQ +H LV VHHQ LQ WKLV and several generations of his SKRWRJUDSK LQ XQLIRUP DQG family take great care and interest in preserving the history that is there. Decisions made in the past KROGLQJ D KDQGJXQ DQG VZRUG may no longer be what’s

When it comes to your to-do list, When it comes to your to-do list,

put your your future future first. first. put

When comes tomay your to-do list, Decisions made in the no longer beup what’s best for it the future. To past help keep everything to date,

put your future first. When it comes to your to-do list, put your future first. best for the future. Toahelp keep everything up to date, Edward Jones offers complimentary financial review. Edward Jones offers a complimentary financial review. A financial review is a great opportunity to sit face to A financial review aJones great opportunity tobe sitand face to Decisions in is the past may no longer what’s face with made an Edward financial advisor face with an Edward Jones financial advisor and best for the future. To up in toline date, develop strategies to help keep everything your finances develop strategies toalong-term help keep your line Edward Jones offers complimentary financialinreview. with your shortand goals.finances Decisions made in thelong-term past may goals. no longer be what’s with your shortand A financial review a great opportunity to sit to best for the future. To helpyour keep everything up face to date, To find out howisto get financial goals face with an Edward Jones financial advisor and Edward Jones offers aget complimentary financial review. To outcall how your financial goals on find track, orto visit today. develop strategies to help keep your finances in line on track, call or visit today. A financial review is along-term great opportunity with your shortand goals. to sit face to face with an Edward Jones financial advisor and develop strategies to get helpyour keep financial your finances in line To find out how to goals with your shortand long-term goals. on track, call or visit today.

Bodie Moore Bodie Moore Financial Advisor

To find out how to get your financial goals Financial Advisor 1555 Chesnut Bypass on track, call or visit today. .

.

1555 Chesnut Bypass Centre, AL 35960 Centre, AL 35960 256-927-7670 Bodie Moore 256-927-7670

Financial Advisor .

1555 BodieChesnut MooreBypass Centre, 35960 FinancialALAdvisor . 256-927-7670 1555 Chesnut Bypass Centre, AL 35960 256-927-7670 www.edwardjones.com

Member SIPC Member SIPC

AUGUST 2013

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 61

:RPHQ DQG FKLOGUHQ RQ WKH KRPH IURQW 8QWROG VWRULHV RI WKH %DWWOH RI &KLFNDPDXJD IN THE MOST %\ &+5,67, 0&(17<5( and was recorded WELL-KNOWN for posterity by her 3DVW 7LPHV VWDII TALES of Civil War daughter-in-law, Mrs. history and its great Sam Shaw, many battles, the stories all years after the war. have one thing in common: All the The account appears in the 1972 major players are men. publication of James Alfred Sartain’s The war was fought by men. They “History of Walker County Georgia�: devised fighting strategies and led its “In the year 1861 just west of great campaigns. They fought, and Pigeon Mountain in McLemore’s died, on innumerable fields. Cove, there was a little cabin home Their bravery has been depicted where I lived with my dear husband, J. in art ever since. Men, complete E. Shaw, and three children, Sam, aged with a sword, musket and a trusty five, Eugenia, aged three, and Tom, my horse, grace every inch of paintings baby boy, a little over one year old. ... portraying the conflict’s most It was a beautiful Saturday afternoon; influential or poignant moments. the week’s work was done, the cakes But there is plenty to tell of the and pies baked and the hen dressed; all war’s other players: the women and in readiness for the Sunday dinner and children, and often the slaves, who my husband had gone to LaFayette. kept the homesteads running while the He was to bring his sister, Mrs. Talley, soldiers went off to war. home with him for a visit, so the little The stories of the family members ones and I were waiting in happy left behind may not appear in art, but anticipation for their coming. Rumors are nonetheless evocative in their ability of war had reached us but we had to paint a picture of the harsh, war-torn supposed it would not amount to very environment in which ordinary people much; if there should be much fighting attempted to survive, and thrive, in it would not be very near us. extraordinary circumstances. “But my first heartache came that very night when my husband Making do without the men came home and told me that he had volunteered to go. Oh, how my heart First- and even second-person ached! I spent the night in prayer and accounts of Civil War-era women tears and the Sabbath morning, though describing their husbands, brothers bright, brought no gladness to me.� and sons going off to war are rare The elder Mrs. Shaw readied her — many having been lost to history husband for war as only a woman of in favor of depictions of battle maneuvers and skirmish tactics —thus the Civil War era could: “With loving hands I prepared his clothes and by making which ones can be found all candlelight I knitted his socks.� the more telling in their sadness and When he left, though, she faced underlying strength. new challenges and had to learn to Walker County is lucky in that perform the hard farming work in members of many of its prominent the fields in her husband’s place, in families who were involved in the Civil addition to her own overwhelming War took the time to record their history, duties in the home. providing an insight into a forgotten era. One particular story tells the FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH perspective of Nancy Caruthers Shaw,

0HVVHQJHU ILOH SKRWR 0DWW /HGJHU

'XULQJ WKH WK %DWWOH RI &KLFNDPDXJD UH HQDFWPHQW \RXQJVWHUV JRW LQ RQ WKH DFWLRQ WRR KHOSLQJ WR VWRNH WKH ILUH DV WKH\ ZDLWHG IRU WKH PHDO WR EH UHDG\ 'XULQJ WKH ZDU FKLOGUHQ SLWFKHG LQ ZLWK HYHU\GD\ WDVNV HYHQ PRUH WKDQ EHIRUH LQ RUGHU WR KHOS DOOHYLDWH WKH DEVHQFH RI WKHLU IDWKHUV RU HOGHU EURWKHUV

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

PAGE 62 FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH “He went with the infantry, so that our one horse was left me with which to finish the little crop. I had never plowed but the corn was now needing to be plowed and I decided to try it, but my father sent us an old negro man to do the plowing, and I with the help of little Sam did the hoeing while the other little ones played in the fence corners. “Little Sam would start out in the morning with a brave determination to do all the work, but when the sunshine would get hot he would begin to cry and ask when pa would come home and I would tell him it would not be long, while in my heart I prayed that it might be so. The sad days of hard labor, and nights spent in prayers and tears passed by with only the letters from the dear one to brighten them. Each letter gave me renewed hope, because they told me he was alive and the belief that the war would not last long, but another year passed and still not hope of peace.” As the war dragged on, times became tough not only for the Shaw family, but their neighbors as well. As people may do when strained by war

AUGUST 2013

and poverty, some children to remain congregated into in the Cove had marauding gangs, moved us back to taking to stealing his home in Duck from their own Creek valley. His acquaintances. negroes had all “At about this run away and my time some of our brothers were all neighbors and in the army. ... We, some supposed my sisters Emily friends formed and Herpernann, themselves into raised the cotton, a band of Tories picked the seed solely for the out of it by hand, purpose of looting carded it, spun it and destroying into thread and their neighbors’ wove it into cloth property. They for clothing our came to our home families. As I and took anything have already told they could get you the Tories their hands on had already taken — bedding, my only pair of Mrs. Nancy Caruthers Shaw, wife of clothing, knives scissors. I took an J.E. Shaw, who was wounded and forks; took old case knife and in the Battle of Gettysburg the only pair of ground it down scissors I had and to a point and cut my side-saddle. out my children’s This was in the clothes with it.” third year of the war, and my father When finally, after three years, thinking it was not safe for me and the Mrs. Nancy Caruthers Shaw received

“ At last we had the

pleasure of welcoming our loved one home once more, wounded, dirty and tired, but ours, nevertheless. Only a few short weeks he stayed with us, then he returned to the arms and remained till after the surrender.”

WHO CAN CAN I DEPEND WHO DEPEND ON ON WHO II DEPEND ON WHO CAN DEPEND ON TO CAN GUARANTEE MY TO GUARANTEE MY TO MY TO GUARANTEE GUARANTEE MY TAXES ARE DONE DONE RIGHT? TAXES ARE RIGHT? TAXES RIGHT? TAXES ARE ARE DONE RIGHT?

word that her husband was given leave to come home in order to recover from an injury sustained at the Battle of Gettysburg, her youngest child had all but outgrown what memories he had of his father and was almost too eager to make new ones. “Everything was cleaned up around the house, the children’s homespun clothes neatly washed and ironed and laid away to wear when pa got home. My baby, Tom, could scarcely remember his father, but we had talked to him so much about his coming that he was wild with anticipation and would stand in the road for hours looking for him. It was in July and I told him he must not stay in the hot sun bareheaded — his little bonnet laid away to wear on Sunday. He came in and soon I noticed him again in the road with an old ironing rag on his head, for, he said he was waiting for pa. At last we had the pleasure of welcoming our loved one home once more, wounded, dirty and tired, but ours, nevertheless. Only a few short weeks he stayed with us, then he returned to the arms and remained till after the surrender.” FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

H&R Block tax professionals receive more than 50 hours of specialty

H&R professionals receiveup-to-date more than tax Block trainingtaxeach year, so they’re on 50 the hours latest of tax specialty laws. taxAnd training eachofyear, so they’re up-to-date on by theThe latest each one our 90,000 tax pros is backed Tax tax laws. And each -one of ourin 90,000 tax pros is than backed The Taxspecialty Institute a leader tax research.* This training and expertise H&R Block tax professionals receive more 50 by hours H&R Block tax professionals receive more 50 hours ofof specialty Institute - aeach leader in so tax research.* This than training and expertise means they’ll get your taxes right.** tax training year, they’re up-to-date on the latest tax laws. laws. tax training each year, so they’re up-to-date on the latest tax means they’ll get your90,000 taxes right.** And each one ofof our tax pros is backed backed by by The The Tax Tax And each one our 90,000 tax pros is Get It- -Right. §inin tax Institute aa leader training and and expertise expertise Institute leader tax research.* research.* This This training Get It they’ll Right. §your means get taxes meansthey’ll get your taxes right.** right.**

• Bridal Sets • Wedding Bands Titanium & Tungsten • Solitaires • Wraps and More

Get ItItRight. Get Right. Click, call or§§come over.

Click, call or |come over. hrblock.com 800-HRBLOCK hrblock.com | come 800-HRBLOCK Click, call call or or come over. Click, over. hrblock.com||800-HRBLOCK 800-HRBLOCK hrblock.com

WE BUY SCRAP GOLD & SILVER - FOR CASH

©2009 HRB Tax Group, Inc.

©2009 HRB Tax Group, Inc. *The Tax Institute at H&R Block is a leading source of tax expertise focused on individual taxpayers and the tax ©2009 HRB Tax Group, Inc. preparation industry. Through ©2009 HRB Tax Group, Inc. its staff of enrolled agents, CPAs and attorneys, The Tax Institute provides unbiased

research, analysis and interpretation of federal and state tax laws. **If you discover an H&R Block error on your return

*The Institute H&R Block is a leading source expertise focused individual taxpayers and the tax thatTax entitles you toata smaller tax liability, we’ll refund theof taxtax prep fee for that return. on Refund claims must be made during preparation industry. Through its staff of enrolled agents, CPAs and attorneys, The Tax Institute provides unbiased 2010. research, analysis and interpretation of federal and state tax laws. **If you discover an H&R Block error on your return Phone: 256-927-8101 *The Tax Institute H&R at H&R Block is a leading source of tax expertise focused on individual taxpayers and the tax BLOCK that entitles you to at a smaller tax liability, we’ll refund the prep fee that return. claims must beand made *The Tax Institute H&R Block a leading source of tax taxCPAs expertise focused on individual taxpayers theduring tax preparation industry. Through itsis staff of enrolled agents, andfor attorneys, TheRefund Tax Institute provides unbiased Fax: 256-927-6366 2010. preparation industry. its staff enrolled agents, and you attorneys, Tax Institute provides research, analysis andThrough interpretation of of federal and state tax CPAs laws. **If discoverThe an H&R Block error on yourunbiased return research, analysis of federal and state tax laws. **If you discover an H&R Block error on your return that entitles you and to a interpretation smaller tax liability, we’ll refund the tax prep fee for that return. Refund claims must be made during Mon.-Fri. 9:00 am to 6:00 pm H&R Block that entitles you to aSuite smaller liability, we’ll refund the tax prep fee for that return. Refund claims must be made during 2010. 1460 Htax West Main Street Piggly Wiggly Shopping Center 2010. 1460 Suite H West Main Street Sat. 9:00 am to 5:00 pm

Piggly Wiggly Shopping Center Centre, Alabama 35960

Centre, Alabama 35960

For other appt. Call Office

H&R Block Phone: 256-927-8101 Piggly Wiggly Shopping Center Fax: 256-927-6366 1460 Suite H West H&R Block Mon-Fri 9:00 am toMain 6:00 Street pm Centre, Alabama 35960 Piggly Wiggly Shopping Center Sat 9:00 am to 5:00 pm H&R Block Phone: 256-927-8101 1460 Suite H West Main Street For other app. Call Office. Piggly Wiggly Shopping Center Fax:HAlabama 256-927-6366 35960 1460Centre, Suite West Main Street

3 years in a row!

• Free Gift Wrap • Financing WAC • Expert Watch & Jewelry Repair

AUGUST 2013

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH Surviving the Battle of Chickamauga As though being without many of the area’s hardened farmers and heads of households was not a struggle enough, local Walker County families unlucky enough to live near the site of the Battle of Chickamauga had another set of woes. In her later years, Nancy Foster, a daughter of Allen Williamson who grew up in McLemore’s Cove, recounted a tale of the days just before the battle began, and how she herself managed to get the best of a few Union scouts before the large federal army confiscated much of the area’s own sustenance for their troops. “On the 17th, scouts from both sides began to pass through, looking the country over in getting the nearest way to Chickamauga. Hooker was then coming across Lookout Mountain. Some rebel scouts came in at father’s; we asked them to eat. They answered, ‘We haven’t time, the Yankees are near,’ I said. ‘Let me stand picket.’ They asked if I could shoot; I answered, ‘Yes, indeed.’ Lieut. Camp gave me his pistol; I stood guard and they had a hasty lunch. ... They had not been gone five minutes when they came dashing back and said Yankees were just behind. They went south through a narrow lane to the creek, rode up the stream and hid in some bushes and escaped. The Yankees came up at break-neck speed, asking which way the Rebs went. I told them to keep straight road going west, I thought they might overtake them, for the Rebels had gone another direction. On the 18th, the road seemed to have turned blue; you could smell them for miles, the oil clothes were so strong. They came in and robbed and carried off corn, wheat, hogs, horses, chickens, turkeys, etc. One of the Negroes came running and said, ‘Lord, Miss Nancy, they’s a-takin’ off the bees,’ but, kind reader, believe me, the bees were victorious and how they rolled on the clover for relief.� While young Nancy Williamson may have been able to laugh at her small victory over the Union soldiers in the days prior to battle, stories of the actual fighting, especially as seen through the eyes of children, are often quite harrowing. A. C. Glenn, who was but a small child during the Battle of

3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI &KLFNDPDXJD DQG &KDWWDQRRJD 1DWLRQDO %DWWOHILHOG 3DUN DUFKLYHV

7KH -DPHV 6QRGJUDVV KRXVH LQ &KLFNDPDXJD DQG &KDWWDQRRJD 1DWLRQDO 0LOLWDU\ 3DUN -DPHV 6QRGJUDVV ZDV ERUQ $SULO DQG GLHG LQ 0D\ LQ -HIIHUVRQ &RXQW\ 7HQQ +H DORQJ ZLWK ZLIH 0DU\ $QQ IRXU GDXJKWHUV WZR VRQV DQG IRXU JUDQGFKLOGUHQ ZDV OLYLQJ LQ WKH KRXVH GXULQJ WKH &LYLO :DU 7KLV SLFWXUH ZDV OLNHO\ PDGH E\ D SKRWRJUDSKHU ZKR IROORZHG WKH 8QLRQ $UP\ ,W QR GRXEW ZDV PDGH VRRQ DIWHU WKH %DWWOH RI &KLFNDPDXJD 7KH SKRWR LV SXEOLVKHG LQ $UFKLEDOG %UDFLHÂśV ERRN Âł7UXWK $ERXW &KLFNDPDXJD ´ Chickamauga, told of how his family’s home was taken over by officers. “I was four years old the day of the battle, the 19th of September, it was quite a celebration. ... On Friday morning Union Gen. William 0Rosencrans took one of the rooms for his office for the telegraph instruments. There was a crowd around the house but nothing was molested while we stayed there. On Saturday morning Rosencrans told my mother that she better go away as there was liable to be fighting at any minute on the ground. About 10 o’clock the Scott family came by driving a small wagon with oxen, and my mother put a few things in with them and they drove one mile due west across the ridge until after the fighting was over and then we came back — coming on the battle field when they were picking up the wounded.â€? Mary Jane Snodgrass Merciers had vivid recollections of trying to find basic sustenance while the bullets flew all around and impromptu hospitals full of wounded had taken over all the local homesteads. “On Saturday evening, a half hour by sun, I went to the adjoining farm, Mr. Mullis’ farm, to see if I could get a wagon and team to come up to our house to see if we could get anything away. I went through while they were firing on the field and the bullets flying

and whizzing around me, my little half sister and I went alone, by ourselves. The fighting had become so fierce I could not get back alone and a guard went with me to guard me back to the house. There were 63 men, women and children crowded in that house, from the cradle on up. We had to run for our lives with just what we had on our backs. We went to Mr. Mullis’ house that night. ...We stayed up there that night with nothing to eat or drink. To the best of my recollection, about ten o’clock Sunday morning they opened on the right wing down here about where old Mr. Moore lives and right then we had to make a retreat and retreated then to the Cooper House. ...We stayed there until Sunday evening about half hour by sun and then we had to retreat again and we treated over towards Missionary Ridge into one of the roughest holes — I have never seen the places since. We stayed up all night around a log heap fire. Monday morning all we had to eat was a few roasted peas and sweet potatoes gathered out of the field. The only water we could get to drink was out of a hog wallow. “We made bread with it and it looked like it was made of mud. ...We came back to the house on Tuesday morning after the battle. When we came back the

PAGE 63 house was full of the wounded and slain, the house and all of the outhouses.� The Snodgrass family was one of many who lived out eight days during and immediately after the Battle of Chickamauga in the nearby woods, eking out a living on what edibles and water could be found there, what little they gleaned from nearby fields, and the generosity of the head of one of their households, Larkin H. Poe, who made a frantic midnight ride to find his wife and children huddled with dozens of others in the forest. Sartain relayed the story of Julia Kittie Snodgrass Reed, who was only 6 years of age at the time of the battle, and one of the many who survived in the woods for over a week: “About three o’clock on Saturday afternoon, the 19th, bullets began falling around their house, and going through the roof, and their father gave the word to retreat. The went northwest from their house up a ravine, and camped in the woods. As the battle surged nearer, the missiles began again to whistle about them, compelling them to retreat further in to the woods. Here they made camp, and ... stayed for eight days and nights. The families represented at this camp were the Poes, the Brothertons, the Snodgrasses, the Kellys, the McDonalds, the Brocks, and the Mullises, and probably others. ...They were utterly without shelter, and practically without food. Foragers had been active for days before the battle and their provisions had all be taken. In addition to the meal brought by Larkin H. Poe, they found a few field peas which they roasted and thus appeased the little ones who were crying from hunger and fright. They suffered much from lack of water. The weather had been dry for weeks, the marching armies had ground the roads into dust which hung over the valley like a pall, and many of the springs and wells were dry. The weather grew colder while they were at this camp and they had no sufficient coverings even for the little children, and on some mornings the children’s heads would be white with frost. Their long stay at this camp after the battle is explained by the fact that all houses and buildings were filled to overflowing with the wounded and they thus were prevented from returning home.� FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

PAGE 64 FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH Poe’s gift of two bushels of meal could not have come at a better time for the near-starving families. Poe himself had been away in Rome, Ga.,. with a separate Confederate unit and did not reach the Chickamauga battlefield until three days after the fighting had finished. In addition to a scarcity of food, there was very little water to be had in those woods that had not been fouled by soldiers, either alive or dead. “Chickamauga Creek was about a mile and a half to the east,” Sartain noted. “There were two armies between the families and this water source. The obstacles involved in reaching it made it virtually impossible. ... Crawfish Spring was even further to the south in what we now call Chickamauga. Getting to this water source was probably even harder than getting to Chickamauga Creek.” One pond in the battlefield was relatively close by, all but undrinkable, Sartain explained. “This pond was referred to as “the sink.” Many soldiers, both Union and Confederate, went to this pond to drink and bathe their wounds. From this time on it was referred to as “Bloody Pond.” Homes into hospitals While the refugees were in the woods for eight days, one young girl by the name of Adaline Brotherton braved the dead and dying to gather fresh milk from four cows belonging to her family that had somehow survived the battle. Instead of bringing the milk back to the hungry families, she “turned the milk over to the nurses to be fed to the wounded soldiers who filled their yard and home.” The wounded, indeed, were everywhere. Every available house, even outhouses, were repositories for ailing men in various states of shock and pain. Thus, once the local families returned home — both those who had survived in the woods and those who had fled miles away to friends and relatives’ houses — they were greeted with a sight that was even more terrifying than the rage of battle itself. Charles Glass, who was only about 8 years old at the time of the Battle of Chickamauga, had horrifying memories all his life of coming back home to piles of dead soldiers. “At the Chickamauga battle they

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013

“ This blessed mother would kneel down on the mattress over him, and do all her poor, broken heart could to soothe him in his excruciating suffering and anguish. I say broken heart, because she told us that she had two boys in that same battle, from whom she had not heard. You can imagine her feelings. I heard her, myself, repeatedly say, after this poor boy had kissed her wrinkled hands and addressed her as mother, ‘I am only doing for you, my son, what, I hope, some other mother is doing for my boys, if they need it, if God wills they are yet alive.

”

Fred Joyce, March 1884 edition of “The Southern Bivouac”, describing his experience as a wounded Union soldier at the Reed house, on the Chickamauga battlefield commenced fighting Friday night at 9 o’clock, the battle never ceased until Sunday afternoon at 4 o’clock. We could hear the cannons and small arms all the way to where we had moved — about 40 miles. We came back as soon as the battle was over to my grandfather’s home and when we got there we found our house was badly shot up and our mills shot all to pieces and the whole home and farm was covered with dead Yankees. We could have walked over all of it on dead men. They finally hauled the men off the battleground and buried them at Chattanooga — 15 miles away. We hadn’t had a bite to eat for 3 days and nights. My mother was baking us a pan of cakes (ash cakes) when the Yankees came and took all our cakes and meal and we never got a bite of that. We had to go the next day and get another bushel of corn and that night we had our corn cakes cooked in skillets or anything we could find, we had what bread we could eat for a few days at least.” Larkin H. Poe, who found his family in the woods just three days after the battle, also had something to say on the subject as he recalled his desperate search that evening. “My recollections of that night’s ride are as fresh in my mind as if it had happened last night. The moon was far down the west and cast a ghostly light over the woods and fields. The stillness of the night was unbroken except for the sound of my horse’s hooves and the hoot of some

solitary owl. I had seen an old house near Jay’s Mill filled with wounded and suffering men, and I had hardly started when I began to see dead soldiers, yet unburied, lying in and near the road. I rode on, turning my horse first to the right then to the left to avoid the thick-strewn bodies. In places I saw where great trees had been splintered by shells and riddled by bullets. Most of the dead were on the knolls and higher ground; I saw few on the lower ground. Just before reaching the Brotherton house I came upon a scene of death and destruction noteworthy even on that terrible field. I saw a piece of artillery, evidently a Federal piece, which had been knocked from the wheels by a direct hit from our guns, and apparently most all of the horses and men belonging to the gun had perished there, for their bodies lay in grotesque heaps around their piece. “The bodies I saw were apparently all Federals. Their dead were yet unburied, and some of them lay on the field until after the battle of Missionary Ridge, ten weeks later.” For all their hurried rustic-ness, the homes which housed the soldiers — of both sides — and the few brave women who stayed in their homes to tend to the wounded made a lasting impression on those lucky enough to survive. A first-hand account by Fred Joyce in the March 1884 edition of “The Southern Bivouac” describes his experience as a wounded Union soldier cordoned in a makeshift

infirmary at the Reed house, which was located in the very midst of the Chickamauga battlefield. “The writer was wounded at Chickamauga, and carried to the Widow Reed’s house, at Reed’s Bridge, where Helm’s brigade hospital was established. In the room with me was General Helm and Major Rice E. Graves, and, on the same mattress, laid on the floor, was a young man from the Ninth Kentucky, who was shot through the upper part of the body. The passage and yard were full of groaning and dying soldiers. Mrs. Reed was passing to and from, rendering all the assistance in her power, and much distressed over our pitiable condition. About midnight General Helm died. Major Graves was mortally wounded, and suffering the most intense agony. The young soldier who shared my mattress was in great pain, and when this dear, good woman would come to our bed, he would take her hand, and hold it and caress it, and call her mother, telling her that she reminded him so much of his own loved mother, in Kentucky. This blessed mother would kneel down on the mattress over him, and do all her poor, broken heart could to soothe him in his excruciating suffering and anguish. I say broken heart, because she told us that she had two boys in that same battle, from whom she had not heard. You can imagine her feelings. I heard her, myself, repeatedly say, after this poor boy had kissed her wrinkled hands and addressed her as mother, ‘I am only doing for you, my son, what, I hope, some other mother is doing for my boys, if they need it, if God wills they are yet alive.’ You will agree with me, reader, that she certainly was entitled to receive her own to her bosom again. “After General Helm’s death, opiates were administered to us three, who yet lived, and the awful night was passed in silence in that chamber of death. When morning came, I awoke to find Mrs. Reed kneeling over a corpse at my side. The gentle, young, Kentucky soldier boy had given his all for the land he loved, and though his own mother was not there to kiss his cheek and sob out her heart over his form, the Reed boys’ mother dropped her tears and prayers impressed upon me so I will never forget it. Graves nearly gone; Helm and this bright lad already at rest, and only I, of the occupants, left. FRQWLQXHG RQ SDJH

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013 FRQWLQXHG IURP SDJH “The mother had not remained long, after I awoke, until she started, at some familiar sound to her, and a moment after, two strong men had her in their arms. Her boys had come back, safe. I visited the old hospital in December 1881. The blessed woman had gone to her everlasting and joyful reward, but the two boys were here, and in good health; and what is more, they knew me, and said their mother had told them of that fearful night, and mentioned my name often to them. “I have not painted this picture very artistically, but it is as true as gospel. The blood-mark on the floor can still be seen in the corner, where our mattress lay. The elder Mr. Reed said they had been unable to wash it out.” Picking up the pieces Even during war, however, love and romance were still powerful forces, and at least one soldier’s thoughts turned to hopes and dreams for a life after the war. A September 1913 issue of Confederate Veteran magazine, Vol. XXI, No. 9, relayed a story from a Texas newspaper

of star-crossed lovers in the midst of the Battle of Chickamauga. The tale describes the brief but bright romance of Capt. S.H. Hargis of the Confederate Army with a daughter of a Walker County family — the Dyers — whose house stood in the midst of what is today the historic battlefield park. Even more sadly, it tells of Hargis’ attempts to find his young love in later years. “While the Confederates were encamped in the vicinity of Chattanooga, Captain Hargis met a beautiful girl by the name of Parlena Dyer. “Friendship soon ripened into love, and she promised to give him her heart and hand when the war should come to an end and he was free from his duties as a soldier. Some of the fiercest fighting on the eventful days at Chickamauga took place around the Dyer home, and Mr. Hargis found himself within a few yards of the home of his fiancée. When the fighting at Snodgrass Hill was hottest, the Confederates were startled to see two women break from the Union line and run toward their own. They reached the Confederate line in safety, and just as they came up they pulled off their bonnets, waved them, and shouted: “Go

PAGE 65

it, brave boys.” At this moment Mr. Hargis recognized one of the women as Parlena Dyer. Forgetting all else, he urged her to get out of danger of the flying bullets with all haste. Looking at him with all the coolness of one who feared no danger, she exclaimed: “Why, Sam, you are as black as a Negro” — as, indeed, he was from the dirt and powder smoke. She wiped his face with her kerchief and sought a safer place. “Where she went the young soldier had no means of finding out. When the war closed he was in another part of the country; and as his widowed mother and her family were badly in need of his help, he hastened back to Texas and took up the struggle for existence. He wrote several letters to the girl who had promised to become his bride, but received no reply. Years passed, and still no word from Parlena Dyer. However, during the succeeding half century he never ceased to wonder what had become of her. “It was not until the recent reunion at Chattanooga the circumstances were such that he could return to the scene of conflict and his early romance. To find some trace of the girl was one of the controlling motives that led him back.

On arriving at Chattanooga he and his son began to make diligent inquiry for people of the Dyer name, and finally their search was rewarded when a cousin of Parlena herself was found. He informed Captain Hargis that she had died shortly after the war, and that, although the family had received his letters, they thought it best to spare him the knowledge that she was no more.” The people of the area who survived the battle and decided to stay on their home fronts had many hard years ahead of them. Homes had to be rebuilt, fields had to be re-sown and livestock had to be slowly replaced, all with little to no money. Food was scarce for a long time to come, and many survived on the leavings of the battle itself. Many thanks to Jim Ogden, and the rest of the staff of Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Battlefield Park, for access to their extensive archives and assistance in finding little-known tidbits of history. All quotations attributed to James Alfred Sartain are taken from “History of Walker County Georgia, Volume 1” by James Alfred Sartain, published by A. M. Matthews and J. S. Sartain, 1972, Carrolton, Ga.

Locally Owned and Operated The Bank of LaFayette LaFayette, Georgia • LaFayette Square • West LaFayette • Rock Spring

706-638-2520

770-684-2848

1951 Nathan Dean Parkway Rockmart, GA (In Front Of Walmart)

Thank You For Your Business!

PAGE 66

NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY

AUGUST 2013

&KHURNHH 6WDQG :DWLH IRXJKW IRU WKH &RQIHGHUDF\ THE %\ $%%,*$,/ /(1121 CIVIL 3DVW 7LPHV HGLWRU WAR in some cases pitted brother against brother and this was also true for the Cherokee Indians who inhabited most of Northwest Georgia. By the 1820s many Cherokees had adopted the new republic ideologies of the tribe and settled their own towns complete with judicial system, constitution and newspaper. Though this new way of life saw many Cherokees adopt the slave owning, planter way of life, a division soon rose among two prominent Cherokee leaders; John Ross and Stand Watie. Watie was born December 12, 1806 in the Ookaloga Valley, in what is today southern Gordon County. His father was David Watie, the brother of Major John Ridge. Being born into a prominent and wealthy land owning family, Watie and his brother were taught to read and write the English language as well as use their own Cherokee alphabet in print, which they used to contribute to the iconic newspaper The Cherokee Phoenix, printed at New Echota. As an educated man, Watie and his uncle Major Ridge, soon came to lead the Watie, Ridge factions which supported the signing of the controversial Treaty of New Echota, aimed at the removal of the Cherokee from their lands to a designated Indian Territory promised to them in Oklahoma. “Watie and Ridge’s beliefs were if they would have (signed the treaty) they wouldn’t have become victims of the government,� said Gordon County Historian Ken Padgett, who is also a member of Sons of Confederate Veterans Stand Watie Camp #915. “They didn’t trust the U.S. government. They could smell the

atrocities coming, because they were very intelligent people,� he said. In 1835, Watie, Elias Boudinot, Ridge and his son John Ridge, signed the Treaty of New Echota in spite of the fierce opposition by the Ross faction, which consisted of the majority of the Cherokee people who opposed signing the treaty and leaving their lands. Of the four, all were killed except for Watie, who escaped with a small number of Cherokee who made the journey voluntarily to the Indian Territory in Oklahoma, abiding by the stipulations in the treaty. John Ross and those who opposed the treaty stayed on their lands until 1838, when the forced removal of some 10,000 Cherokee began at New Echota, the start of the infamous and devastating Trail of Tears. Though Watie left his homeland, the ties to his people remained loyal, however the division due to Ross and Watie’s differences remained as well. During the Watie, Ridge faction’s journey to the Indian Territory, Watie formed a band of protectors for the people, and did not disband his men when they arrived, even after Ross’ complaint to the federal government. This division between Ross and Watie lasted until 1845 when Watie joined the Cherokee tribal council, where he remained until 1861 when the division, whose derision lingered from years before, was driven even deeper at the onset of the Civil War. Many Cherokee remained neutral initially, however many eventually fought for the Confederacy, according to Padgett, because of their ties to the South’s ideologies. Watie joined the Confederacy in 1861 and ended up fighting with three different units. According to Padgett, Watie fought in the Trans Mississippi Army, which fought west of the Mississippi under

3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI &DOKRXQ 7LPHV

3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI &DOKRXQ 7LPHV

2Q 'HFHPEHU 6WDQG :DWLH ZDV ERUQ LQ WKH 2RNDORJD 9DOOH\ LQ ZKDW LV WRGD\ VRXWKHUQ *RUGRQ &RXQW\ +H ZDV RQH RI IRXU ZKR VLJQHG WKH 7UHDW\ RI 1HZ (FKRWD

:DWLH MRLQHG WKH &RQIHGHUDF\ LQ DQG EHFDPH WKH ILUVW &KHURNHH WR EH QDPHG EULJDGLHU JHQHUDO 3LFWXUHG DERYH DUH :DWLHÂśV &RQIHGHUDWH SURPRWLRQ SDSHUV

3KRWR FRXUWHV\ RI &DOKRXQ 7LPHV

$ UHSOLFD RI WKH &KHURNHH %UDYHV EDWWOH IODJ WKDW :DWLH DQG KLV PHQ IRXJKW XQGHU UHVHPEOHV WKH &RQIHGHUDWH IODJ ZLWK D FLUFOH RI ZKLWH VWDUV UHSUHVHQWLQJ WKH FRQIHGHUDWH VWDWHV 7KH ILYH VWDUV LQVLGH WKH FLUFOH RI ZKLWH VWDUV UHSUHVHQW WKH WULEHV ZKR IRXJKW ZLWK WKH &RQIHGHUDF\ 7KH &KHURNHH UHSUHVHQW WKH ODUJHVW VWDU 7KH RWKHU VWDUV UHSUHVHQWHG WKH &UHHN &KRFWDZ &KLFNDVDZ DQG 6HPLQROH WULEHV the command of Gen. Kirby Smith. The Army of Northern Virginia fought in the upper eastern portion of the states from the Carolinas all the way to Pennsylvania and Gettysburg. The Army of Tennessee fought in the lower portion of the Confederacy East of the Mississippi to Georgia, the Carolina’s and parts of Kentucky. Watie’s first major battle was the Battle of Pea Ridge in Arkansas in 1862. After that, Watie and his group of “Cherokee Braves� were revered

and feared in battle, as they used an unfamiliar cavalry guerilla warfare. Watie constantly crippled northern supply lines and though he and his men were wanted by federal troops, Watie was not caught until much later. After years of fighting, Watie became the first Cherokee to be named brigadier general. As the war came to an end, Watie refused to surrender and fought until he and his men were the last ones standing. Watie was the last Confederate general to surrender in 1865.

Proud to Support Our Local History ROME - Main | 307 E. Second Ave. | 706-234-5800 WEST ROME | 2436 Shorter Ave. | 706-234-2371 MT. BERRY | 2760 Martha Berry Hwy. | 706-378-2225 CAVE SPRING | 15 Cedartown St. | 706-777-3367

| Member FDIC Š2013 United Community Bank

Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.