序
Preface
最近，朋友送上手信，是來自台灣的初心蛋糕，蛋糕
Recently, I received a souvenir from a friend – a 'Cake Calling' from Taiwan. Putting the
就一般，但提醒了自己一些事情。它叫初心，是因為
taste aside, 'Cake Calling' does call upon something in my heart; it got its name when
主廚在創作此蛋糕時，想起了最初為何要當廚師，不
the chef remembers his own calling, the initial intention – he pledged to become a chef
是為名為利，而是希望煮些好東西，讓人吃得開心舒
who brings comfort and joy instead of aiming for any fame or game – so 'Cake Calling' to
暢，故以此為名，提醒自己。
remind himself of such a calling.
在工作上，我們都很忙，很多事情要處理要做，像我
Often, we are caught up with trivial duties at work. Day by day, things become mechanical,
在同一個機構或在同一行要做得很久，工作日復一
especially when we, as I have, worked in the same corporation or field for a long period of
日，很多事情都變得機械化，或者說有一些已經是理
time; we even start to take things for granted. Gradually, interests become norm; and you
所當然；慢慢地，興趣變成日常；你開始不會問，只
start to work without questioning, unto the point even forgetting, why you have chosen
會做；甚至記不起當初令你選擇這份工作的原因，可
this very job at the very beginning. Perhaps because of the relatively good pay, or perhaps
能只記得工資還不錯，環境又熟悉，留下來就是了，
the relatively familiar working environment – either way, you stayed, and that's all. That is
不用重新適應，反正做好自己就是了。
all that is left in you.
慶幸這幾年，透過 ISLP 認識了一些年輕人，他們都
Fortunately, through ISLP, I have met some young people, who have had a taste of
透過這計劃認識了何謂人道，籌備過程很長，旅程很
humanitarianism with the bless of the project. Despite the long preparatory process and
短，交過了報告又回到學習與工作崗位，重投生活，
the short trip duration, and that all returns to wheel of life afterwards, we wish that ISLP
只希望計劃能帶給他們一點點啟迪；開心的是總有一
has inspired them, in some way possible. Be it how 'minuscule' the inspiration, we are glad
些人被受感染，對人道議題或事件有更多興趣，透過
that there are always some who are motivated to work further on humanitarian issues
計劃發展本地服務及公眾教育工作。
through means of local services or public education.
面對紛亂的世界，價值觀不斷在變，一個不留神或不
In face of the chaos of the ever-changing world, one can easily falter with our values and
夠堅持，你真的會以為自己原有的一些價值觀是有問
identity. But these young people are living reminder of my initial "calling", their boiling
題的，因為其他人的道理也實在太恐怖太思歪！看著
youth calms my restlessness. Back to zero, maybe we shall ponder upon our original
年輕人們，他們都在提醒自己，追回初心，才能讓自
calling, reflect upon our current coordination and reset our orientation in life, then continue
己踏實下來！回到起點，想一想自己當初的信念，再
our sail in the tempest of current times. Off and on we go!
看看自己現在做的事情，比較一下，繼續支持下去！ 不忘初心，方得始終！與大家互勉之！
梁世傑
Sai-kit Leung
青年及義工事務高級主任
Senior Staff Officer
CHAPTER 1
FACT NO 2 CHAPTER 1
FACT NO 3 CHAPTER 1
FACT NO 1 page 08-09
誰是難民 who are refugees
page 12
難民從哪裡來 where do the refugees come from page 10-11
什麼是難民 definition of refugees CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 3
STORY NO 1
STORY NO 3 CHAPTER 2
STORY NO 4 page 40-47 page 32-39
離開是為了回來幫助未曾踏足的祖國
i left the camps, so I can return to help the homeland that I have never set my foot on
團圓的願望在異國 the wish for reunion lies in the foreign country
page 48-49
曾經，這是我家
it was once my home
CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4
STORY NO 5
SHARING CHAPTER 3
STORY NO 6 page 58-59
感謝 grateful page 56-57
page 60-73
幸福非必然 happiness is not a must
義工感受分享 sharing from volunteers
CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 2
STORY N 1
STORY NO 2
O
CHAPTER 1
FACT NO 4 page 12
在埃塞俄比亞的難民
refugees in ethiopia
page 16-23
我痛恨戰爭這劊子手
i hate war, the executioner
CHAPTER 3
page 24-31
成為他們的老師是一件無比幸福的事
it is a great pleasure to teach the refugees
CHAPTER 3
STORY NO 2
STORY NO 4 CHAPTER 3
STORY NO 3 page 52-53
瞬間 just in one second page 54-55
page 50-51
期望 hope
生命的兒戲
life is fragile CHAPTER 5
FACT NO 2
CHAPTER 5
FACT NO 3
CHAPTER 5
FACT NO 1 page 74
香港有難民嗎 are there refugees in hong kong
page 80-81 page 75-79
香港難民事件簿 timeline on the development of refugee protection in hong kong
香港為難民服務的機構 organizations which serve refugees in hong kong
簡介
INTRODUCTION 國際人道服務領袖培育計劃 (ISLP) 是香港紅十字會青年及義工事務部的一項計劃，旨在培育大專學生成為具 備人道國際視野，能以力所能及的實際行動回應人道議題的青年人道領袖。香港教育學院於 2007 年開始與
ISLP 合作舉辦「難民關注」埃塞俄比亞服務計劃，參加者到非洲埃塞俄比亞首都亞的斯亞貝巴了解城市難民 所面對的種種問題，並在當地的耶穌會難民服務機構 (JRS) 進行關懷服務。參加者透過教學和活動，向難民 送上關懷並建立友誼。同時亦嘗試建立當地的大學生網絡，希望讓當地的難民獲得可持續的關懷和支援，並透 過不同的渠道，把人道訊息傳播給香港的朋輩及公眾人士，引起香港社會對國際人道議題的關注。
International Humanitarian Service Leadership Program (ISLP) is a project of Hong Kong Red Cross in nurturing university students as youth humanitarian leaders with global
humanitarian vision and actions within their ability. "Refugee Concern" is one of the projects on ISLP platform. Since 2007, students from The Hong Kong Institute of Education have been keeping their eyes on the issue of urban refugees in the capital of Ethiopia -
Addis Ababa, holding service trips annually in the community centre of Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) to show their concerns and care to comrades from the other part of the globe, and to raise the public awareness of refugees.
2
被迫害， 因為不同的 ...
3
being persecuted, because of different reasons:
種族
1
離開原籍國
生命或人權受到嚴重威脅
leave their own state
lives or human rights are threatened
races
在家園過著自由 和安全的生活 safely and freely in their home town
宗教 religious
民族 ethnic group
國籍
4
不受原籍國家或政府保障 no protection from their own state
nationalities
逃難
政治見解
flee!
political views
留在原籍國 stay in their own state
5
被迫流離失所 internally displaced people
chapter 1
誰是難民
who are refugees
8 6
5
核實難民身分
7
recognised as refugees
尋求成為難民人士 applying for the status of refugee
難民受「不驅回原則」的保護， 免遭強迫遣返回原籍國
融入庇護國 local integration
等待 waiting
refugees' rights are protected under the existing law of non-refoulement, which prevents them from
沒有任何可歸屬的國家， 沒有出生證明及公民身份的人士
安置到第三國
repatriating to their own country.
8
stateless People
8
無盡的等待 endless waiting
自願返回原籍國 voluntary repatriation
page 9
resettlement
CHAPTER 1
FACT NO 2
什麼是難民
DEFINITION OF REFUGEES
從國際法界定的難民是指原籍國的人，他們基於其種族、宗教、民族、國籍、不同的政治見解而生命或人權受
According to the International Law, refugees
到嚴重的威脅，如戰爭、種族迫害與部族矛盾、國家領土的變動、政治避難、自然災害及經濟極度惡化等原因，
are people whose lives or human rights are
可能遭受酷刑或被殺害。加上，他們不被原籍國的政府保護或該政府沒有能力保護而迫使逃離。而難民則受「不
threatened in their own country of origin
驅回原則」(Non-refoulement) 的權利保護，免遭強迫遣返到原籍國。根據聯合國難民公署 2014 年所發
due to the difference in races, religious
表的全球趨勢報告 2013 (Global Trend 2013) 顯示，全球約有 11,003,862 名難民。
beliefs, ethnic groups, nationalities and political views. These include wars, race-
在成為難民之前，他們有可能會先成為尋求庇護人士、國內流離失所人士、無國籍人士。尋求庇護人士
baiting, conflicts within tribes, changes in
(Asylum Seeker) 是指正在尋求成為難民的人士，正在等待聯合國難民處或庇護國的政府確定其難民身份。
territorial sovereignty, political asylums,
根據聯合國難民公署所發表的全球趨勢報告 2013 (Global Trend 2013) 顯示，全球約有 1,171,762 名尋求
natural disasters, economic recession and
庇護人士。
so on. Victims may be tortured or even be killed. In addition, they have no choice but
國內流離失所人士 (Internally Displaced Person) 是根據《關於境內流離失所問題的指導原則》，指基於
to escape from their own country due to the
逃離武裝衝突、普遍暴力情況、侵犯人權、自然災害或人為災害等因素而逃離家園。雖被迫逃離家園，但仍
lack of support or the lack of power from the
留於原籍國的人。根據瑞士日內瓦的國內流離失所監測中心所發報的「全球概覽 2015」(Global Overview
government. Refugees' rights are protected
2015)，指出截至 2014 年年底，全球約有 38 億人因衝突或暴力等生命受威脅而成為國內流離失所人士。
under the existing law of Non-refoulement, which prevents them from repatriating to
無國籍人士 (Stateless) 是由於種族、宗教信仰或性別歧視等原因，而成為無國籍人士，他們沒有任何可歸屬
their own country. According to the Global
的國家，並沒有出生證明及公民身份。因此，他們得不到基本的權利與保障，如教育機會、醫療保障、就業機
Trend Report published by the UN Refugee
會出入境自由等。根據聯合國難民公署 (UNHCR)2015 年第一期會訊指，現時全球至少有一千萬名無國籍人
Agency (2014), there are 11,003,862 refugees
士，而且，此情況更是代代相傳。
in 2013.
chapter 1
什麼是難民
definition of refugees
Before becoming refugees, people may
An "internally displaced person" is
A "stateless" person has no nationality
seek sanctuary, the proof of homelessness,
defined based on the Guiding Principles
due to ethnicity, religious belief or sex
and the identity of statelessness. They
on Internal Displacement. It refers to a
discrimination. He or she does not belong
may become "asylum seekers", "internally
person who is forced to escape from home
to any country, indicating that there is
displaced people" and "stateless people".
due to armed clash, violence in the state,
neither birth certificate nor citizenship.
An "asylum seeker" refers to a person who
violation of human rights, natural disasters
A "stateless" person also does not have
is applying for the status of refugee and
or other man-made disasters. Despite
basic human rights and protections like
waiting for the confirmation of identity
escaping from home, the person's identity
education opportunities, medical care
from UNHCR and asylum countries.
still belongs to his or her own country
assurance, employment opportunities
According to the Global Trends report
of origin. According to the 2014 Global
and freedom to enter or leave the region.
published by the UN Reguee Agency (2013),
Overview Report published by the Internal
According to newspaper of UNHCR (Issue 1)
there are 1,171,762 asylum seekers.
Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) in
in 2015, there are over 10 million "stateless"
Geneva, Switzerland, there are 3.8 billion
people. In addition, this has become an
homeless people whose lives have been
intergenerational problem.
threatened. They have been categorized as "internally displaced people" due to wars and conflicts.
page 11
CHAPTER 1
FACT NO 3
難民從哪裏來？
WHERE DO THE REFUGEES COME FROM?
1
6
3 9
1_ 敘利亞 Syrian Arab Rep. 9,608,604 2_ 哥倫比亞 Colombia
5
6,113,579 3_ 阿富汗 Afghanistan
10
3,684,060
2
8
7
4_ 剛果共和國 Dem. Rep. of the Congo
4
3,445,494 5_ 蘇丹 Sudan 2,934,796 6_ 伊朗伊斯蘭共和國 Iraq (Islamic Rep. of) 2,427,635
東非 In East and Horn of Africa
7_ 索馬里 Somalia
7,665,088
2,273,810 8_ 南蘇丹 South Sudan 1,828,290
非洲 In Africa
9_ 巴基斯坦 Pakistan
13,882,622
1,441,702 10_ 中非共和國 Central African Rep. 1,300,804
全球 In the whole world
數據來源：聯合國難民專員公署全球趨勢報告 2014
chapter 1
Source: UNHCR Global Trends 2014
難民從哪裡來
46,307,783 where do the refugees come from
CHAPTER 1
FACT NO 4 蘇丹 Sudan
在埃塞俄比亞的難民
乍得 Chad
2,934,796
70,836
厄利垂亞 Eritrea
357,406
REFUGEES IN ETHIOPIA
吉布地 Djibouti
1,122
南蘇丹 South Sudan 埃塞俄比亞 Ethiopia
1,828,290
125,462
索馬里 Somalia
2,273,810 根據聯合國難民公署所發表的全球趨勢報告 2014，
烏干達 Uganda
62,544
埃塞俄比亞有 587,708 名難民，是全球第六大難民 接收國。2014 年上半年，南蘇丹有大量難民逃難到 埃塞俄比亞，截至 2014 年 6 月，埃塞俄比亞已經 超越肯亞及乍得成為接收最多的難民非洲國家。
According to the Global Trends Report 2014 published by the UNHCR, Ethiopia was the sixth largest refugee-hosting country worldwide by mid-year, with a total of 587,708 refugees, but it simultaneously replaced Kenya as the largest recipient i n s u b S a h a ra n Af r i c a . T h i s s h i f t wa s due largely to the mass inflow of South Sudanese refugees during the first half year of 2014.
page 13
肯亞 Kenya
10,822
埃塞俄比亞與六個國家接壤，分別是索馬里、厄立垂亞、吉布提、肯亞、 蘇丹及南蘇丹。這一帶一直受到不同程度的政治、社會及環境衝擊，大量平民流離失所，甚或被迫逃離原籍國。
自 2009 年起，逃難到埃塞俄比亞的難民人數不斷增加。雖然這片土地的資源不算豐富，但為了應付新增的 難民，埃塞俄比亞在邊境新建了多個難民營，如東部吉吉加地區 (Jijiga) 胡巴利 (Aw
Barre)
營地、沙達 (Sheder)
營地、布拉汶盧 (Bur Amino) 營地、東南部多洛阿多 (Dolo Ado) 附近地區等。
Ethiopia is bordered by six countries, including Federal Republic of Somalia, the State of Eritrea, the Republic of Djibouti, the Republic of Sudan and the Republic of South Sudan. These countries have been undergoing different levels of instabilities in politics, conflicts in society and problems in the environment. As a result, numerous refugees manage to escape from their own country of origin every year.
Since 2009, the number of refugees has been increasing in Ethiopia. Despite the lack of resources, new refugee camps have been built. They are located near the border,
厄利垂亞 Eritrea
such as the camps in Jijia and Aw Barre, Sheder, Bur Amino and Dolo Ado in the East and South East of Ethiopia. 蘇丹 Sudan
吉吉加地區 Jijiga 胡巴利 Aw Barre 沙達 Sheder
吉布地 Djibouti
埃塞俄比亞 Ethiopia 南蘇丹 South Sudan
布拉汶盧 Bur Amino 多洛阿多 Dolo Ado
肯亞 Kenya
chapter 1
在埃塞俄比亞的難民
refugees in ethiopia
索馬里 Somalia
走難只是簡單的兩個字，但走難的過程卻甚至比我們能想象 的更加艱辛和殘酷。一位在埃塞爾比亞接待難民的機構負責人表示：「難民身無分文，較幸運的或許能乘大巴 或貨車來到埃塞俄比亞；較不幸的則要攀山涉水徒步走來，路途由幾星期、幾個月甚至以年計不等。」而由於 缺乏資訊，縱然他們千辛萬苦地來到了埃塞俄比亞，卻可能還要再多耗廢 2 至 3 天才能找到難民營獲得庇護。
The toughness and cruelty within the escape are beyond imagination. According to the spokesperson of an organisation which deals with refugee issue in Ethiopia, "Refugees lack money. For the lucky ones, they can get on buses or trains to flee. For the unlucky ones, they need to spend weeks, months or even years to walk across lands, mountains and rivers in order to make it to Ethiopia". The staff member added that since refugees lack access to information, they often need two to three more days to find the locations of refugee camps after arriving in Ethiopia.
page 15
CHAPTER 2
STORY NO 1
{ THE PAST }
{ 過去 } 我痛恨戰爭這劊子手 { THE PAST } I HATE WAR, THE EXECUTIONER
BY ADEL AGE 17 / FROM ENITREA
都是戰爭惹的禍！
WAR IS THE CAUSE OF MISFORTUNE !
我叫 Adel，今年十七歲。我的國家——厄利垂亞
My name is Adel and I am 17 years old. As my home country Eritrea has long been at warv I
The war left nothing for
(Eritrea) 不斷爆發戰爭，為了安全，我和家人都被迫
was forced to flee.
離開。
me but sorrow. When I was small, the war broke out. The conflict between the government
這場戰爭對於我來說只有傷痛。當我還小的時候，戰
troops and the rebels immersed into my family. As my father believes in Christian
爭爆發了，政府軍與反政府軍之間的衝突，也滲入了
Orthodox, while my mother is a Muslim, they stood against each other as they supported
我家中，因為爸爸信奉東正教，媽媽
opposite parties, and I grew up in
信奉伊斯蘭教，他們各自支持這場戰
the conflict. So I decided not to
爭中的敵對一方，而我，正由於在這
believe in any religion - I did not
種宗教衝突中成長，所以，我決定不
want any conflict happens to my
會相信任何一個信仰——我不要家裡
family!
發生任何衝突！不過，我知道我的家
Later in time, there really was not
再也不可能發生戰爭，因為我的父母
any conflicts in my home because
都在這場戰爭中犧牲了性命，只餘下
my parents died in the war. Now
我。我不知道我的親人、朋友現在怎
there is only me in my home. I have
麼樣，因為我已經隻身來到埃塞俄比
no idea how my relatives and
亞。
friends are doing, as there is only
戰爭讓我承受的，遠不止這些！戰爭
me who left for Ethiopia.
讓我失去了家人，讓我失去了所有我
What war left for me was far more
愛的、可以信任的人，我只能隻身逃
than these. The war had taken
難。但我還未能離開我的國家，便被
away my family members, my
捲入了戰場，我被政府軍發現並被他
beloved ones and those whom
們捉了……
I can trust. There was no other c h o i ce b u t to f l e e to o t h e r country all by myself. Sadly, before I can leave my country, I was discovered and caught by the government army, there was no choice but to be involved in war ......
chapter 2
難民故事 { 過去 _the past }
我痛恨戰爭這劊子手
i hate war, the executioner.
我曾經是童兵 成為軍人從來都不是我的志願，但我卻被軍隊抓去了當童兵。 兒時的我年紀太小，逃難時不懂得好好隱藏，結果被警察發現，還讓士兵把我捉去接受軍隊訓練。那時候更徒 步走了兩天，才到達訓練場地，實在令人倦透！可是，地獄般的生活才剛要開始……在軍隊中的訓練，學習使 用槍械、學習使用手榴彈已在所難免。但殘酷的是，這些練習都不能敷衍了事，要是失敗，達不到分數，便會 受到懲罰，被鞭打、被虐待，那種痛，我還記得。
訓練是軍人每天的生活，確實是地
獄，每天早出晚歸，大量的體力勞動，卻只獲一兩片麵包充飢，更說不上替換衣物；晚上只能與其他童兵一起 擠在狹窄的空間睡覺，其實也稱不上是睡覺。十多個童兵全擠在一間小小的房子內，大家只能站着，這樣又捱 過一晚……
那段日子，真的很苦很苦！
I WAS ONCE A SOLDIER WHEN STILL A KID It was never my wish to be a soldier. But I was caught by the military group and forced to become one, even I was just a kid. I was too young back then, not knowing how to hide myself well when I tried to flee to Eritrea. The police found me and I was taken to military training. It took me two whole days of walk to reach the training site. I was completely exhausted! were in hell.
I began to live as if I
I was bound to learn how to use guns and bombs in military training. But the
intimidating part was that if I failed in the training or did not achieve certain points during practices, I would be punished and beaten
up. I still remember the pain.
Military training life was indeed a living hell. Training started
early in the morning but ended late at night. After the tremendous workload, all I could get was one or two pieces of bread, not to mention changing my clothes. At night, I could only squeeze in and 'sleep' with other kids in a narrow space. It could not be regarded as
'sleeping' at all. In fact, there were more than ten children standing in a tiny room all night. Those days were hard, very hard indeed.
page 19
我相信－知識改變命運！ 慶幸，我終於逃脫出來。感恩的是，我只待了五個多月，甚至不曾上戰場，便成功逃脫！成功逃脫代表著新生 活的來臨，我不得不逃離我的國家。但我已身無分文，我只能一邊行乞，一邊逃難。反正，我沒有家人、親友、 幸運地，我順利來
朋友……走到哪裏，都是一樣。就這樣，一個人隻身走到埃塞俄比亞。
到埃國的邊境難民營。但是在難民營的生活也並不安穩，食物也不足夠。一個人，每個月只有十五公斤油、鹽、 我一直相信，為了將來安穩的生活，年輕時要
糖及麵粉。因此，捱餓都是正常不過的事。
下苦工，努力學習。當有了知識，便有改善生活的機會，改變一生，亦可親手建造自己的家，安全地生活下去！ 雖然在難民營裏有些學習班，但只讓小朋友學習基本知識。而我希望是正式上學去。 所以，在難民營待了一年後，我決定前往首都亞的斯亞貝巴，希望能上學讀書，藉此改變自己的命運。 然而，原來能上學讀書是不容易的事，因為我沒有任何身份證明、沒有證明文件來肯定我曾受學、成績，因此 學校都不能讓我入讀。現在，已是第四個月在 JRS 難民中心等待入學回覆……
/ 誰是難民 ? 從國際法界定的難民是指原籍國的人，他 們基於其種族、宗教、民族、國籍、不同 政治見解而受到生命或人權上的嚴重威
I BELIEVE THAT "KNOWLEDGE CHANGES ONE'S FATE"!
脅，如戰爭、種族迫害與部族矛盾、國家 領土的變動、政治避難、自然災害及經濟
Fortunately, I managed to escape from the military where I had stayed for five months
極度惡化等原因，而可能遭受酷刑或被殺
only. What is more, I fled before fighting in the battlefield. I was penniless by then. Yet, to
害。加上，他們不被原籍國的政府保護或
ensure my own safety, I must leave my homeland. I begged for food while escaping.
該政府沒有能力保護而被迫逃離。 /
Since my family died, my destination was not a matter anymore. Around me, there was no one I know, going anywhere made no difference for me. So there I was, leaving
/ Who is a refugee?
my country alone and walked to Ethiopia.
A refugee is someone who "owing to a
border refugee camp without a hitch. Yet, the days in refugee camp was not a life of ease.
Very luckily, I arrived Ethiopia's
well-founded fear of being persecuted
We did not have enough food there and I could only get 15 kg of oil, salt, sugar and flour
for reasons of race, religion, nationality,
for myself. I was always starving. But more important was that I could not go to school and
membership of a particular social group or
study in refugee camps. Although there were some learning classes in the camp, they only
political opinion, is outside the country of
offered fundamentals. I wanted to go to real schools so I could change my whole life
his nationality, and is unable to, or owing
after making achievements in study, and build my own house to live safely.
to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself
Therefore, after staying for a year, I left the refugee camp for the capital, Addis Ababa, as I
Going to school is not
of the protection of that country." - The
wanted to go to school in order to alter my fate.
1951 Refugee Convention. /
easy at all. Since I have no certificates to prove my previous academic results or that I was educated before, the school would not enroll me and let me study. That is why I am still waiting for a reply.
chapter 2
難民故事 { 過去 _the past }
我痛恨戰爭這劊子手
This is the 4th month waiting in JRS… i hate war, the executioner.
page 21
/ 難民營的情況 世界上大多數的難民都生活在鄰國的邊境。一些較好的難民營容納了數千人，但生活條件 非常艱苦。UNHCR 把這六百萬難民歸類為面對「持久戰」的情況，因為一個難民在難民 營中度過的平均時間為 17 年。在難民營中，食物和水的供應非常不穩，難民亦往往不准離 開營地或在營外工作。暴力，特別是強姦，極為常見。 埃塞俄比亞邊境一些難民營每日平均有 10 位五歲以下兒童死亡，主要因為兒童營養不良和 營內過度擁擠而導致衛生條件欠佳，營內驚人的兒童死亡率受到關注。 /
/ The situation in refugee camp The majority of the world's refugees live in countries bordering their own. Some refugee camps can hold thousands of people, in conditions that are, at best, very difficult. For the six million refugees in what UNHCR classifies as "protracted situations", the average length of time spent in a refugee camp is 17 years. Food and water supplies are unpredictable and refugees are often not allowed to leave or work outside the camp. Violence, especially rape, is common. Some camps in along the border of Ethiopia are warned with the alarming rate of child mortality in the camp, an average of 10 children under the age of five die every day. Refugees are at risk of malnutrition and poor hygiene due to the overcrowding. /
CHAPTER 2
STORY NO 2
{ THE PRESENT }
{ 現在 } 成為他們的老師，是一件無比幸福的事 { THE PRESENT } IT IS A GREAT PLEASURE TO TEACH THE REFUGEES
BY GETACHEW
FROM BUSINESSMAN TO TEACHER 從商界走進教育之路
I am Getachew. Like most of the people, being a teacher was never in my life plan
我叫 Getachew，成為一名教師從來都不在我的人
when I graduated from university. I worked
生計劃中。大學畢業後的第一份工作，在一間本地公
as a clerk for a local company once I
司當文員，工作忙碌但收入不高。後來，我進了銀
graduated. The workload was heavy but I did
行界，同樣地，薪水不高亦毫無人生意義。正在人
not earn much. Later I worked in a bank, the
生最迷茫之時，上天替我作了奇妙的安排。在我從
work was dull and meaningless, and I did not
商之時，一次的際遇促使我參加義工活動，認識了
gain a handsome salary as well.
JRS。
Sometimes, things happen in the most
回想大學畢業後，渾渾噩噩
「我決定在 JRS 當老師，並以此作為終身事業， 因為我在這裡找到人生的意義。」
" I decided to become a teacher here because I have found the meaning of life."
的生活，浮浮沉沉的人生，使我對人生感
unpredictable way. I
到無望。不過，在這裡發現，原來我可以
knew JRS by chance
做的有很多很多。
in a voluntary event
最後，我竟然當了這裡的教師。或許，我
and then ended up
But I believe what truly changes people
沒有能力做些甚麼大改變。但我希望能幫
teaching the refugees
is not the circumstances they endure, but
助難民改變現況，不再受困於難民身分。
at JRS.
their mentality.
- Getachew, teacher of JRS
Being kind and happy is all we need. And
而且我相信，真正影響一個人，不在於他
this is what I most want to tell them.
的外在條件，而是在於他的心。一個人，
I had different jobs in
只要有善良、快樂的心，就足夠了。這正
the business sector
Even though they had become
正亦是我最希望教透過教育而帶給他們的
after graduated from
refugees and are treated unfairly, they can
university. But only
always stay calm and happy, living in bliss
東西。 就算成為難民，受到不公平對待，我們還是可以保持
since I have come here, I realised how much I
平和快樂的心，純真幸福地過每一天！
can actually do.
every day.
Perhaps, I cannot
do anything big to change the current situation of the refugees; I cannot help them get out of plight.
chapter 2
難民故事 { 現在 _the present }
成為他們的老師，是一件無比幸福的事
it is a great pleasure to teach the refugees
/ 為甚麼會有城市難民 ? 如果難民能證明他們有迫切的醫療、防護或人道需要（如 家庭團結），可被允許離開難民營，遷移到城市地區。 /
/ Why are there urban refugees? Refugees of any nationality are allowed to take up residence in an urban area if they can demonstrate that they have pressing medical, protection or humanitarian needs (e.g. family unity). /
page 27
等待是世上最苦的過程 因為是難民，在生活上遇到不少的困難－大人無法工作，小孩不易上學。無數的青 春，最後只虛耗於等待上，等待難民審批、等待援助、等待重新安置、等待重享公 民權利……無休止地等待。
在亞的斯亞貝巴的城市難民，只
能接受只能糊口的救濟，即使有專長希望自食其力，也不獲准工作。難民能做的， 就是每天無所事事，靜待安置，成為公民。 成年的難民也不易過活，更何況是小朋友。雖然他們能待於 JRS，但畢竟只是難民 中心而已，是以託管為主， 而且學生程度參差，不可能取代正規學校。加上，我所 教授的都是基本知識及簡單的英語。幸好，國際難民公署為小孩提供小學程度教育， 但資源有限，上中學是不容易的事。 有部分小孩，在原籍國的教育不俗，但由於逃難時過於倉促，帶不了什麼，當然也 不會有證書。結果，即使他們讀書成績再好，也沒有機會升讀大學，只能每天虛耗 光陰！
慶幸的是，世上還有很多人願意伸出援手，像 JRS 這裏，
只要他們願意前來，我就會耐心教導他們。而且 JRS 為他們提供午飯及小吃，令他 們無須擔憂捱餓。
BEING REFUGEES... Refugees encounter numerous difficulties - adults cannot work and it is not easy for children to go to school. Time is wasted on
endless waiting, waiting for the approval of refugee application, waiting for assistance to come, waiting for resettlement, waiting for enjoying their civil rights once again... Urban refugees in Ethiopia can only receive alms. Even if they are capable of working, they are not allowed to do so. Not much alms will be given and they cannot earn their own living even if they want to. Doing nothing every day, refugees can only wait for their settlement and to acquire citizenship again. Life is hard for children as well. Though they can stay at JRS, it is not a school after all. I can only teach them English and some basic knowledge. JRS focuses on taking care of children but it can never replace schools that offer proper education. Fortunately, elementary education is provided
by UNHCR for children so they can still go to school. Yet, it is not easy studying at high school. Some children once had good results at school but as they ran away from their countries, they did not bring along their certificates. As a result, they cannot study
in university although they have good academic results. Their time is wasted every day. However, they do not have to worry so much as there are still people willing to give a helping hand. As long as they come to JRS, I will teach them. Lunch and snacks are provided here so they do not have to worry about being hungry.
page 29
/ 城市難民有甚麼支援？ 埃塞俄比亞的城市難民主要在國內大城鎮，特別是亞的 斯亞貝巴 (Addis Ababa) 和迪雷達瓦 (Dire Dawa) 生活。 耶穌會難民服務機構 (JRS) 在亞的斯亞貝巴為城市難民 提供援助，包括短暫的緊急財政 ( 住宿及食物 ) 援助，輔 導及難民社區中心，透過活動提升城市難民的自信和促 進自力更生的能力。 /
/ What support that Urban refugees received ? Urban refugees are found in major towns of Ethiopia, especially Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa. Jesuit Refugee Services (JRS) is an organization in Addis Ababa that provides financial assistance to enable refugees to meet the cost of food and safe accommodation in Addis Ababa, counselling services, and activities in Refugee Community Centre to build urban refugees' self-confidence and promote self-reliance. /
chapter 2
難民故事 { 現在 _the present }
有一件事，總讓我擔憂
ONLY ONE THING WORRIES ME
成為難民，就知道原來人的自由與權利會在跨過國界
One's freedom and rights are gone the moment a person crosses the border and
的那刻消失，但苦難會讓人學會愛與感恩。在這十年
becomes a refugee. But during hard times, one can learn about love and be grateful. Over
間，一批又一批難民來了又走，而 JRS 仿似一個大
these ten years, bunches of refugees have come and gone. Refugees and I are like a family
家庭，跟親人般相處，他們雖小，但也很懂性，實在
here at JRS, children and I love each other, I do not have to worry much about their growth.
沒有甚麼需要我擔心。
The only thing worries me is that JRS does not have enough funding to support the refugees.
Organisations serving the refugees have long been
而最令我擔憂的是 JRS 經費不足，無法再支援他們
relying on overseas donations. Many dominant countries in Europe and America have
的學習、午膳等基本所需。難民機構一直仰賴外國捐
cut down or even cancelled their donations due to the global economic downturn.
款，但現時環球經濟情況都不甚
This worries me a lot.
理想，不少歐美大國已經減少捐
No matter what happens, dominant
助，甚至取消捐款，情況真令人
countries should take up certain
憂心。作為大國，有些國際責任，
international obligations because
一定要肩負到底！因為難民所能
these countries are all the refugees
仰賴的，只有他們！
can count on.
有些難民，在這裏苦等了多少個
Some refugees have waited for
十年，還是等不到成為公民的日
decades but have not yet to acquire
子……如果，發達國家願意多發
citizenship. If developed countries
一些名額，讓他們盡早成為公民，
co u l d i n c re a s e t h e q u o t a fo r refugees to become citizens as
獲得應有的權利、能夠繼續學業、 自食其力、懷抱自己的夢想，並全力追逐，這真是一
soon as possible, they would have the rights they deserve to have, earn their own
件多充實，而又令人嚮往的事！
living, continue their studies, and pursue their dreams. This is such an ordinary but
難民這個身分，確實讓他們受到不少限制。但正面來
desirable thing to them!
想，彼此也基於這緣份才結識，成為如家人般的朋
bound by the identity of refugees. But because of this identity, they get to know each other
友。難得的是，在這種困苦之時，大家依然願意守望
and become friends that feel like family. What is more valuable is that they are willing to
相助。走在難民路上，縱使辛苦，依然有人扶持。不
stand by each other through the hard times. Having someone to support the refugees as
能不說，是不幸中之大幸！
they face their struggles is somehow less unfortunate!
Indeed, they are
page 31
CHAPTER 2
STORY NO 3
{ THE FUTURE }
{ 未來 } 離開，是為了回來幫助未曾踏足的祖國 { THE FUTURE } I LEFT THE CAMPS, SO I CAN RETURN TO HELP THE HOMELAND THAT I HAVE NEVER SET MY FOOT ON
BY KAMA AGE 14 / FROM SOUTH SUDAN
chapter 2
難民故事 { 未來 _the future }
離開，是為了回來幫助未曾踏足的祖國
I left the camps, so I can return to help the homeland that I have never set my foot on.
從難民營走到亞的斯亞貝巴
FROM REFUGEE CAMPS TO ADDIS ABABA
我叫 Kama，今年十四歲，三個月後，便十五歲了！
My name is Kama and I am 14 years old now. I will be 15 years old 3 months later.
我父母是從南蘇丹來到這裏的難民。
My parents are refugees from South Sudan.
聽父母說，我們本來在 Damazin 難民營生活，但我
in the Damazin refugee camp, but I did not like there, or I should say I did not like all the
不喜歡那裏，或者該說，我不喜歡所有難民營。難民
refugee camps I have been. The living environment of the refugee camp was very poor,
We used to live
營環境惡劣，但更可怕的是，四周的人都很
yet what made it more dreadful
不知道為
was that the people there were all
兇惡！
甚麼，我爸爸常常與其他人打鬥，以致我們
very scary. I did not know why my
不得不逃到不同的難民營！
dad always fought with others,
我兩歲的時候，搬到了 Bunj 難民營，在那
so we often had to run away from
裏，爸爸在打鬥中釀成命案，結果我們全家
one camp to another. When I was
開始了亡命生涯，逃到不同難民營，但那些
two, we moved to the Bunj refugee
人始終追着我們，情況十分危險！
camp. My father killed someone
在 我 六 歲 時， 我 們 逃 到 了 Sherkole， 七
there and we started our life on
歲時再轉到 Bambasi。可惜，始終被人發
the run, fleeing to different camps.
現！這些年來我們不斷搬遷漂泊，最後我們
But those people kept tracking us
一家人決定要逃到首都來。終於，我們來到
down and our situation was really
亞的斯亞貝巴，成為城市難民。 現在，我
dangerous!
已經在這裏住了七個月。
When I was six, we fled to Sherkole, then Bambasi when I was seven. Unfortunately, we were caught again. While moving in and out
different refugee camps persistently, we were getting closer and closer to the capital. At last, our family decided to go to the capital, eventually arriving Addis Ababa and became urban refugees of the city. I have been staying here for 7 months by now.
page 35
還來不及看見
我 現 在 有 七 個 家 人， 我 和 爸 爸、 媽 媽、 哥 哥、 姐 姐、兩個孖生妹妹住在一起。父母逃難到埃塞俄比 亞的邊境難民營後，就在這裏定居起來，而我是在 / Difficulties Faced By Urban Refugees
Damazin 難民營的一個破舊帳篷中出生的。雖然是
Without assets, basic skills and knowledge in surviving
我出生的地方，但我不喜歡那裏，因為難民營裏有太
city life, many urban refugees desperately need help.
多不愉快的回憶！
Secure housing and social support networks may not
我聽父母說，我本來還有爺爺嫲嫲，但我國家爆發的
exist. Refugees may not have basic identity documents
戰爭，讓我失去了他們。父母說，那時軍人來到我們
/ 城市難民面對的困難
which could help get them food rations, schooling and
的村莊，不但放火燒毀了整條村，還打人殺人，要不
沒有資產、沒有在城市生活所需的基本技能和知識，是大
health care. Worse, they may not be legally entitled to
是我的家人早早逃到荒野，大家都會死掉的。看着村
部分城市難民面對的難題，因此他們亟待援助。並非每個
work. As a result, they are soon exposed to risk – with
莊被燒光後，我的家人便開始逃難到埃塞俄比亞，但
城市都有協助城市難民的住宿及社區支援網絡。難民亦可
women, children and the elderly particularly vulnerable.
成為難民的經歷總是載滿傷痛。逃難時，爺爺、嫲嫲
能沒有身份證明，不能在城市申請糧食、教育和醫療保健
Xenophobia and violence, forced eviction, expulsion,
都也捱不住，過身了。
等支援。更糟的是，他們不能依法享有工作權利。結果，
harassment, extortion, arbitrary arrest and detention,
看爺爺嫲嫲，看看我的國家。我知道，在我的國家裏，
他們——特別是婦女、兒童和老人——很快就陷入危機。
refoulement (forced return), discrimination, rape, and
仍然有人正在受苦。 當然，其實我不太清楚他們的
同時難民在城市裏，往往因為仇外心理而要面對被驅逐、
human trafficking all figure the dangers refugees can
生活到底怎麼了，都是聽爸爸媽媽說的。雖然是我的
騷擾、敲詐、暴力對待、任意逮捕和拘留、強行遣返、歧
face. They also become targets for prostitution and
祖國，但因為我是難民，我只能用想像來認識我的國
視、強姦和販賣人口等的危險，他們也成為賣淫和有組織
organized crime.
家。 但我想，那裏一定是很糟很糟，爸媽才會忍痛
犯罪的目標。
Refugees' dire basic need has increased the pressure
離開的。
另一方面，城市和城鎮也因為城市難民而令原本已捉襟見
on the already overstretched infrastructure, housing,
不及看一眼我的國家，但我真的很想回去，卻不可
肘的基礎設施更形緊張，如住屋、醫療和社會服務的需求
medical and social services. This in turn can spark rising
以——戰爭和衝突一天不結束，我一天都不能回去，
壓力。這令當地居民和難民之間的關係更趨緊張。 /
tensions between local and refugee populations. /
太危險了！
chapter 2
離開，是為了回來幫助未曾踏足的祖國
I left the camps, so I can return to help
難民故事 { 未來 _the future }
我真希望，可以看
雖然我還來
the homeland that I have never set my foot on.
TOO LATE TO TAKE A GOOD LOOK OF MY HOME COUNTRY There are now 7 members in my family living together, including my parents, brother, sister, a pair of twin sisters and me. I came into the
world after my parents migrated to Ethiopia, and was born inside a tent of the border refugee camp, which is called Damazin. Although Damazin is my place of birth, I do not like Damazin because there are too many miserable memories in the refugee camp!
My parents told me that I should have grandparents,
yet the civil war of our country made me lost them forever. They said that some soldiers went to our village that day, setting fire to the whole village, even killing people later on. If my family members did not take the lead to run to the open field, all of us would have died. In the end, our village was burnt up and my family decided go to the refugee camp in Ethiopia. Later, my grandpa and grandma could not endure any further, they passed away during the fleeing. I really hope that I could take a good look at my grandparents, and my country. I know that there are people still suffering in my country, despite the fact that I do not know their exact living conditions as I only heard these stories from my parents. Since I was born in the refugee camp in Ethiopia, the one my parents left their homeland and took refuge in, I did not even have a chance to catch a sight of my country. In fact, I do not know how does my country look like; everything I know came from my parents' mouths, and I can only
learn my country by imagination. I believe that my country must be very, very bad so that my mother and father would leave their homeland. I wanted to go home, but I can't. As long as the war
does not end, I cannot go back as it would be too dangerous!
page 37
走向異鄉的夢想 我現在在亞的斯亞貝巴過佷還不錯。這裏沒有打架，我們都很安全，但我還是想離 開這裏。如果可以，我想去加拿大或者美國。我想學好英文，那麼，只要我的國家 重歸和平時，我就可以回去辦一所學校，幫助我國家的人了！
我想，要停止戰
爭，我做不到，但是我仍然能做點甚麼吧！至少，我想在我的國家裏辦一所學校， 讓那裏的小朋友有個安身之所，能夠放心學習。他們一定要學懂英文，因為只有這 樣，我們才能告訴全世界，我們的國家正在發生多麼悲傷的事，不論大人，還是小 朋友，都過得很慘……
如果我可以開辦一所學校，我希望能像 JRS
那樣，上午是學習時間，下午是遊戲時間，讓每個學生都能喜歡那裏。而且不收費 用，只要小朋友願意，他們就可以來，還要提供免費午飯和茶點。我希望他們的生 活就像我在 JRS 般無憂無慮，快快樂樂，能夠毫無顧慮地上學、休息、玩耍。 如 果我可以和全家人一起去外國，就最好了，那麼我們就不用分開。而且，當我回去 我的國家辦學時，哥哥就可以在外國繼續工作，資助我的學校，那我就可以免費讓 他們讀書，學習英文，吃飽飽睡飽飽，還可以玩足球和籃球！真是想起都覺得開心！
/ 若嬰孩出生時父母已是難民 出生登記本是一項重要的保護工具，它確立了孩子的身份，卻不能賦予孩子國 籍。因此，有系統的出生登記正是要防止孩子陷入無國籍狀態，因為它確立了 兒童的出生，也是記載父母資料的合法紀錄。這構成了獲得該國家或地域國籍 的關鍵出生證明，並且是往後申請國籍的基本文件。 / If babies are born as a refugee... Birth registration is an important protection tool, it establishes a child's identity, but it does not itself confer nationality upon a child. The process for registering births is distinct from the process whereby individuals acquire nationality, which usually happens automatically at birth. Birth registration establishes a legal record of where a child was born and who his or her parents are. This constitutes a key form of proof of whether a person has acquired nationality by birth on territory or descent, which are the most common bases for acquisition of nationality at birth. /
chapter 3
難民故事 { 未來 _the future }
THE DREAM OF GOING TO A FOREIGN LAND My days in Addis Ababa are very peaceful now, no more fights or threats. We are all very safe here, but I still want to leave this place. I wish to go to Canada or America if I could. I want to learn English well so that I can return to my
homeland to set up a school when it is free from war! I said to myself, it is impossible for me to stop the war, but I can still do something to help, right? I hope I can set up a school in my country, then
/ 自願返回
the children there would have a shelter and a place to study. They must learn
多年來，聯合國難民署管理眾多大型的難民自願遣返計
English - only by learning English we can tell the world what kind of sorrow we
劃，處理數以百萬計的難民家庭的申請。自願返回是指難 民在自由和知情的前提下，決定安全並有尊嚴地返回原籍 國，使他們重新得到自己國家的保護。在難民自願選擇回 國，且原籍國情況有利於他們返回的情況下，聯合國難民 署會與原籍國和庇護國合作，幫助難民返回祖國。難民中 只有少數人有機會獲重新安置到第三國，或融入庇護國的 當地社群。 /
/ Returnees For many people forced from their homes, a voluntary return home in safety and dignity marks the successful
are enduring. No matter adults or children, we are all living very, very poorly
end to the trauma. Of the other "durable solutions"
in our country. If I can start a school, I want it to be like JRS. We can learn
that UNHCR seeks for refugees, only a minority have
in the morning and play in the afternoon. The children would like going
the opportunity to be resettled to third countries or
to school then. And our school is free of charge, so all children can come
to be locally integrated into their host societies. Over
to study if they want to. We would also provide free lunch and tea to our
the years, UNHCR has managed numerous large-scale
students. I hope their days can be as lighthearted and as happy as my
voluntary repatriation programmes that brought many
days spent in JRS. I wish they can go to school to study and play without
millions of refugees home. /
sorrow and anxiety. If I can travel abroad with my family, it would be the best because we do not need to be separated then. Moreover, when I return to my country to start the a school, my brother can stay abroad to work and sponsor me to run my school so I can free my students, allowing them to learn English, fill themselves up and play football or basketball without charges. It must be very joyful!
page 39
CHAPTER 2
STORY NO 4
{ THE FUTURE }
{ 未來 } 團圓的願望在異國 …… { THE FUTURE } THE WISH FOR REUNION LIES IN THE FOREIGN COUNTRY ......
BY MERHAWI AGE 16 / FROM ENITREA
埃塞俄比亞 —— 是我走難來到的 我叫做 Merhawi，今年十六歲了，我從厄利垂亞來 到埃塞俄比亞五年了。我在 Shemelba 邊境難民營 待了四年，後來爸爸患了瘧疾，我們便來到首都治 病，成為城市難民。
我的國家一直都和埃塞俄
比亞爆發地區衝突，更糟的是，在我的國家裏，大家 都很窮，大家都在捱餓。我爸爸說，我們的國家太窮 了，大家都沒有工作，如果再待下去，我們都會沒飯 吃，會餓死的。所以我爸爸帶着我們一家人，離開了 我們的國家。
說真的，我們
的國家真的很窮，人人都沒有工作，都在捱餓，所以 很多人都會走難去埃塞俄比亞。我們也是這樣跟着人 潮，走了好久好久。那時候一定要很小心、很小心， 因為如果被政府軍發現，就會被逮捕遣返回去，再也 走不了！
我想，我們是幸運的，至少一路都順順
利利地走到了邊境，而且我們一踏足埃塞俄比亞的國 土，當地士兵便馬上送我們到了難民營。 終於離開了走難的艱苦，但卻也開始了難民的生活。
chapter 2
難民故事 { 未來 _the future }
團圓的願望在異國……
the wish for reunion lies in the foreign country ......
ETHIOPIA ------ THE PLACE WHERE I FLED TO I am Merhawi. I am already 16 years old and it has been five years since I left Eritrea for Ethiopia. I stayed for four years in the refugee camps at the border of Shemelba. It was not until my Dad caught Malaria that we got to the capital for the treatment of his disease, which was the time when we became refugees in the city.
My country has been in
regional conflicts with Ethiopia throughout the years. What was worse was that most of the people in my country are poor. Everybody suffered from starvation. Dad once told me that our country is poor and most of its people are unemployed. We would eventually die of starvation without a job if we stayed. Therefore he took our family away from the country. Our country
is indeed very poor. No one gets a job. Everyone suffers from hunger. So many people left for Ethiopia in search of a better living conditions. We followed the tide and walked for such a long period of time. We had to be careful, extremely careful. If our escape was discovered by the government force, we would be caught back to our country and never have a chance to flee.
I believed that we are
the lucky ones. At least we arrived the border without obstacles along our way. Also, once we stepped into Ethiopia, the soldiers there immediately sent us to the refugee camps.
We finally got
over the hardships of fleeing the country, but our lives as refugees had just begun.
page 43
/ 非洲地區國家難民數量龐大之四大原因 1. 依照列強意願劃分之國界與非洲地區原來的族群生活範圍不相符。一方 面，敵對的族群可能被劃在同一國家中；另一方面，同一族群反而被分開，
安穩的殘缺
引致各國國內的種族衝突不斷。 | 2. 執政政府的貪污腐敗及武力強權統 治的陋習造成民不聊生。 | 3. 少數族群眼見獨立自治潮流盛行也要求自
終於，我們在埃塞俄比亞安定下來，展開了新生活。現在，我來了 JRS 一年了。我
治，對上的中央政府卻往往不願縮減國家領土範圍，獨立與反獨立的訴求
慶幸我來到了埃塞俄比亞首都亞的斯亞貝巴，這是一個大城市，讓人覺得很安心。
自然產生衝突。 | 4. 先天自然環境條件不佳與後天人口結構出現少齡化，
但如果可以讓我選擇，我希望我仍然在我的國家生活。或許那裏確實不是人間天堂，
導致政府及成年人的負擔沉重。同時，因為非洲地區的貿易條件差，缺乏
但依然有它可愛的一面。我一切的幸福回憶都記印了在我國家的風景裏。那裏是我
競爭力，全球貿易越是盛景，對非洲地區的剝削卻越嚴重。非洲地區被迫
從小長大的地方，是我和家人一起幸福生活的地方，是我和朋友一起玩耍的地方，
面對剝削，經濟難以發展，貧窮、飢荒與戰爭不斷地惡性循環。 /
是我和親戚共聚的地方，是我和鄰居共同守護的地方。
在我們
的國家裏，大家都一直愉快地生活，所有人都是好人，我們總願意幫助別人，就算 / Four main reasons that cause a large number of refugees in Africa
你不小心遺留了東西，也沒有人會拿你的。大家都活在那裏，大家就像一家人。因 為是一家人，所以不必欺騙，不必欺負。真懷念那種親厚的相處！
1. Some division of borders did not match with the scope of the original
可是現在我的身邊只剩下我的爸爸和媽媽——不過我應該感激，我的身邊還有我的
ethnic groups living in Africa. Internal racial conflict is caused as hostile
爸爸和媽媽，只是，總不免掛念從前的美好，想念那些不在我身邊的家人、朋友。
groups may be classified in the same country, while the same ethnic
不知道他們現在過得怎麼樣呢？
group was separated. | 2. The corruption of ruling government and the domination of military force lead to a widespread of poverty. | 3. There
/ 難民兒童與親人失散的情況
is a prevailing trend of minorities seeking for independence, while their
在衝突和逃亡的混亂中，兒童與家人和照顧者失散的機會大大增加了。他們常
central government is unwilling to reduce its national territory, conflicts
常需要得到即時的保護和援助，特別是避免給軍方抓去當童兵、遭受性剝削、
of secession occur. | 4. Congenital poor natural conditions and the
強迫勞動、不正常的收養、被販賣、歧視、缺乏接受教育和娛樂活動的機會。 /
large number of teenagers in population bring a heavy burden on the
/ Children separate with families while fleeing
government and the society. At the same time, because of the poor terms
While fleeing from conflict and confusion, the opportunities for children to
of trade and the lack of competitiveness in Africa, Africa is seriously
be separated with their families and caregivers increased. They often need
affected in the exploitation in global trade. It is difficult to have economic
immediate protection and assistance, especially not to be arrested by the
development and adds up to a vicious circle of poverty, famine and war. -
military and force to be a soldier, to avoid sexual exploitation, to prevent being
Gil Loescher, Beyond Charity: International Cooperation and the Global
forced labor, irregular adoptions, human trafficking, discrimination, lack of
Refugee Crisis (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 12-16. /
access to education and entertainment chance. /
chapter 2
難民故事 { 未來 _the future }
SOMETHING MISSING OUT OF OUR NEW STABLE LIVES
Finally, we settled down in Ethiopia and started our new lives. I have been to JRS for a year until now. I am glad that I have come to Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, which is a big city that makes me feel secure. But if I had a chance to choose, I still hope that I were
living in my home country. It may not be a paradise though, it has its own beauty.
In my home country,
we had been having happy lives. Every one of us are nice and kind. We are willing to help each other. Even if you leave something by accident, no one would take it. We lived like a family. Because we are a family, we do not cheat on, nor take advantage of each other. How I miss the affectionate relationship between each other! Yet, only my parents are here by my side. I am graceful indeed that my parents are here by my side, but sometimes I would still miss the happiness I used to have, and those relatives and friends who are not here with me. How are they doing?
page 45
我只想在異國中團聚 更讓我思念的，是我兩個哥哥。我們真的很久不見了…… 現在我在埃塞俄比亞的家只剩下三個人了。我有一個哥哥還留在國內，但是從我們 的國家來埃塞俄比亞的路已經被我國士兵封鎖了，他來不了。而那個與我一起來到 埃塞俄比亞的哥哥，也到了美國去繼續學業了。我的那些親戚、朋友、鄰居呢？都 在走難中逐漸走遠了，只有少數和我一樣，到了埃塞俄比亞，到了亞的斯亞貝巴， 還可以偶爾共聚。
幸好，在 JRS 裏大家都像一家人，彷彿
重回了故鄉。現在，我每天放學後都會來 JRS，在這裏我認識了很多朋友。因為這 裏還有很多很小的孩子，作為較年長的哥哥，我很想好好照顧他們，就像一家人般， 互相照應。我也很慶幸能在這裏學習，尤其是學習英文，還得到這麼多朋友、家人。 還在我們的國家時，我和家人可以天天見面。只是現在，我們已經不能再回去，也 難以再見了。現在，我只想到美國去，見我的哥哥，最好，我那還在國內的哥哥也 可以到美國去，這樣，我們就可以一家團聚了！
我希望
將來能夠前往美國，和哥哥團聚，以及成為真正的公民。想去美國，是因為我想學 好英文；想學好英文，是因為只要學好英文，我就可以好好與其他人，尤其是與外 國人溝通；想和外國人溝通，是因為這樣我就可以讓世界上的人知道，在我祖國發 生的事，在我們這些難民身上發生的事。然後，大家都會伸出援手，幫助那些在走 難中失散了的家庭找回親人，重新團聚。
/ 難民兒童與親人團聚的情況 當確定孤身兒童和失散兒童的身份，聯合國難民署會替他 們登記；希望能及時尋找他們的家人，讓他們團聚——假 如這樣做符合孩子的最佳利益的話；同時會根據年齡、性
I ONLY WISH TO MEET MY BELOVED ONES
別和背景來照顧每個孩子的具體需要，確保他們獲得必要 的保護和照顧。 /
Whom I miss the most are my two brothers. It has really been a long time since we met. Our family has only three members now. One of my brothers
/ English title is missing!!!
is still in Eritrea. He cannot come here to Ethiopia as the road is blocked
UNHCR will register the identity of unaccompanied and
by the soldiers. The other brother of mine who came Ethiopia with me has
separated children and hope to find their families in time
been to the US to further his studies. How about my relatives, friends and
for reunited - if doing so is in the best of the children
neighbours ? All of them separated with each other during the flee. Only a few
base on their situation; Each child will receive necessary
arrived Addis Ababa in Ethiopia as I did, and we sometimes gather around.
protection and care of specific needs according to their
Fortunately, we are like a family here in JRS. It is like getting back to our
age, gender and background. /
hometown. I come to JRS where I meet many new friends every day after school. There are also many kids here. As an elder child here, I hope to take care of them, treating them like my family members. I am also glad to learn here, especially English, not to mention how glad I am to meet so many friends and family members. When my family was still in our home country, we could meet each other every day. Now, however, I could never go back. I only hope to go to the US to meet my brother. It would be even better if my other brother in my home country could go to the US, so that my family can enjoy the happiness for reunion. I hope to go to the US to meet my brother in the future, and be a real citizen there. I hope to go to the US because I hope to learn
English well. I would like to learn it well because as long as I speak English well, I could communicate with others, especially with English speakers. That way, I could let the world knows about what has happened in my home country, and what has happened to refugees like us. People around the world will then lean a helping hand and help those who are separated with their families during the flee to meet their beloved ones again.
page 47
chapter 3
難民故事 { 畫作 _drawing }
曾經，這是我家
it was once my home
「一片草原上的小屋，庭院長著艷麗的花朵和茁壯的樹木 —— 曾經，這是我家。但戰爭的來臨，一夜間，我的家便摧毀了！」
" A small house on a filed. Beautiful blossoms and tall trees are seen in its yard. It was once my home. But as the war attacked, my home was destroyed within one single night! " - Mary Simon, from Uganda
CHAPTER 3
DRAWING N 1 O
MARY SIMON FROM UGANDA
曾經，這是我家
IT WAS ONCE MY HOME
我叫 Mary Simon，來自烏干達。曾經，在一片翠
My home in Uganda used to be a very
綠的草原上座立着我一家人居住的房屋，屋外有庭
beautiful place. Our house was located at
院，庭院長著我們家種的絢麗奪目的花兒、茁壯高大
a green field, with a garden outside our
的樹木。 空閒時， 我跟朋友更會在花園裏玩捉迷藏，
house, where flowers blossoms and tall trees
到溪邊暢泳……這些快樂的日子都是我在烏干達的生
were seen everywhere. It was a place where
不過，快樂的時光很短暫。
I played hide-and-seek with friends, where
活。
戰爭來臨，我的家全都燒毀了。 那些盛放的花兒、
I swam in the small river nearby ...... When I
嫩綠的草原，甚至是我家的房子也敵不過戰火的蹂
recalled my life in Uganda, that was what I
躪，一下子都變成黑沉沉的灰燼，全都沒了！
remembered.
從此，我要逃難到埃塞俄比亞。在這裡，
But the time didn't last long. The war started.
我重新適應生活，到 JRS 上學去。 我的心願只有一
Everything was destroyed. Houses were
個——只要跟家人一起安定生活下來就好了。即使長
burnt and many people got hurt.
大後，我也不願再回去烏干達，因為埃塞俄比亞已經
Then I had to
給了我，我唯一祈求的安定生活與居所——我再也不
escape to Ethiopia where I adapted to my
承受遭逢戰禍與劇變了！
new life and went to school in JRS. I only wished to live with my family. Even if wars stopped, I would not like to be back to my home country. I grow up in Ethiopia, I don't want to leave.
page 49
「生命的兒戲，令人感到唏噓 —— 但我相信知識能夠改變命運，我要努力讀書，幫助身邊的人，不必再為戰爭犧牲無辜的性命。」
" It is sad that life could be easily destructed. I believe that knowledge can change one's destiny. So I am paying every effort on my studies, hoping to help people around me and save them from the attack of wars. " - Nyajeny Gatwech, from Sudan
生命的兒戲
LIFE IS FRAGILE
我是來自蘇丹的 Nyajeny Gatwech。我家附近有
My aunt brought my friends and I to the
一條河，住在鄰隔的姨姨不時會帶我到那兒玩耍。有
riverside to play while she was fetching
時，我們更會一起烘焙由麵粉和水混合而成的傳統小
water. She baked us a kind of bread made of
吃。這就是我喜歡的生活！
corn flour.
CHAPTER 3
DRAWING NO 2
One day,
但一切都因為戰爭，安定的生活如
while we were playing, we heard bombs.
今只能留在記憶中。有一天，警察來到我家亂槍掃
Police came and shot my aunt after she
NYAJENY GATWECH
射，還用手榴彈摧毀了我的家。姨姨為了保護我的安
fetched the water. They also burnt my
FROM SUDAN
全，送上了自己的性命—如果我懂得急救，我相信姨
house. I was so scared. When the war ends, I want to
姨仍能留在我身邊。 將來，我希望成為一名醫生，幫助身邊有需要的人。
go back to my home. I want to be a doctor
我要努力讀書，用我的知識來避免有更多人要面對生
and help everyone around me.
離死別的痛！
chapter 3
難民故事 { 畫作 _drawing }
生命的兒戲
life is fragile
page 51
chapter 3
難民故事 { 畫作 _drawing }
瞬間
just in one second
「因為戰爭 —— 瞬間，我失去了至親，失去了居所。我討厭南蘇丹，更討厭戰爭！」
" I lost my beloved parents and my home just in one second because of war. I hate South Sudan, and war! " - Alexander Bile, from South Sudan
CHAPTER 3
DRAWING N 3 O
瞬間
JUST IN ONE SECOND
我叫 Alexander，今年十一歲，是生於埃塞俄比亞
I'm a Sudanese who was born in Ethiopia.
的南蘇丹人。從小，我便與埃塞俄比亞結下不解之
My parents, my brother, 2 sisters and I went
我生於埃塞俄比亞，但一
back to South Sudan after I was born. But
緣。
出生後，我們一家便回去了南蘇丹生活。還記得一個
life in there was not a happy one.
炎熱的早上，媽媽跟姐姐去了打水，爸爸和哥哥在花
It's a very hot day. Mum and my
ALEXANDER BILE
園澆水，而我在家中梳洗。「呯」的一聲，我的爸爸
two sisters went out for water after she
FROM SOUTH SUDAN
和哥哥就和我們陰陽相隔了—只是一瞬間——他們便
woke me up for washing face . "Bang!"
被坐著汽車、坐著直昇機的暴徒擊斃了……為什麼會
Suddenly I heard gun shot. What I can see
是他們？明明他們只是無辜的平民百姓，就因為戰
was men with guns in a car, and a helicopter
後來，
above the house. Dad and brother fell
媽媽不得不帶著我和姐姐逃離這危險的國家，再次來
down. I went towards them, then my house
到埃塞俄比亞。我不想再失去我的家人，我只想擁有
was burnt.
安寧的家所。我討厭南蘇丹、更討厭戰爭！
us to Ethiopia again, I just don't want to go
爭，他們便要枉死？
back to Sudan anymore.
page 53
Mother took
「我愛我的國家，但戰爭迫使我逃離我的出生地 —— 南蘇丹。 在戰火蔓延的街道上，汽車會被無故摧毀，乘客會被無故射殺，路人會被無故擊斃……在這裏，生離死別實屬閒事。」
" I love my country, but wars had forced me to flee away from my birth place —— South Sudan. Cars are shoot without reasons, people are killed without reasons on the street. It becomes common to face the deaths of our loved ones. " - Bidit Daniel, from South Sudan
期望
HOPE
我是來自南蘇丹的 Bidit Daniel。自從出生以來，
I love my country. I love everything in my
我一直也愛着我的國家，因為我是南蘇丹人。但國家
country. But what I can recall about it
卻讓我經歷了許多生離死別，而我只是一個無能為力
is shooting everywhere. Cars were shot,
在街道
people fought with each other and were
的小孩，我能做到什麼？改變什麼？
上隨處可見，乘客被無故射殺、路人被無故擊斃、房
CHAPTER 3
DRAWING NO 4
shot. These happened all the time.
BIDIT DANIEL
屋更會無故被熊熊烈火包圍—其實，這一切並非沒有 原因，都是由戰爭觸發。
I hope that the fight will end one day, so
雖然戰爭令國家變得滄桑，但我期盼總有一天，我能
that I can go back and play football. I love
回到再沒有戰爭的南蘇丹，閒時跟朋友踢足球、愉快
my country.
FROM SOUTH SUDAN
安穩地生活。每天，我都期盼著回國，因為我是南蘇 丹人，南蘇丹有我的根，我愛我的國家！
chapter 3
難民故事 { 畫作 _drawing }
期望
hope
page 55
chapter 3
難民故事 { 畫作 _drawing }
幸福非必然
happiness is not a must
「幸福並非必然，歡樂的時光也可能只要一瞬間便可以結束。」
" We cannot take happiness for granted, it may only last a second. " - Emanuel Oluwch, from South Sudan
幸福非必然
HAPPINESS IS NOT A MUST
我是來自南蘇丹的 Emanuel Oluwch。我非常珍惜
The small house is our house. The big house
我所擁有的一切—因為我已經無緣無故地失去了父親
is my neighbor's house. There is a lake
在南蘇丹的
outside my neighbor's house. I used to swim
時候，我住在小房子，門前有種滿玉米的田；鄰居的
there with friends. After swimming, we
家比我家大，還有小湖。姐姐和我時常跟七個朋友到
grabbed the corn in the corn field in front of
EMANUEL OLUWCH
鄰居家玩耍、到湖上泛舟、到玉米田玩捉迷藏……還
our house and ate together.
FROM SOUTH SUDAN
有，下雨時，我們會一起踏水灘，玩到衣服和臉上都
CHAPTER 3
DRAWING N 5 O
和姐姐。
One day, there were a lot of
沾滿了泥濘才願意回家。
people shooting others on the street. My
噩夢要來臨了！一天，一班暴徒來找爸爸，但卻找不
father escaped before the killers found him.
到，於是試圖追殺我們一家。不幸的是，在慌亂之中，
The killers couldn't find my father, then they
姐姐被他們在家門前的玉米田上擊斃了。從此，爸爸
tried to kill us. My sister was shot and killed
亦失去蹤跡，媽媽只能帶著我逃到埃塞俄比亞……從
in the corn field, and haven't heard from
此，快樂亦離我越來越遠……
father from then on. Only my mother and I can escape to Ethiopia.
page 57
「在難民營，我得到了互相關愛的朋友；在難民中心，我得到了免費學習的機會； 只有在這兒，我才能得到沒有生命受威脅的生活，這一切都是埃塞俄比亞給我的。謝謝！」
" In the refugee camps, I meet friends that are caring to each other. We are given learning opportunities for free there. Only should I be here that I can live a life without threats. Ethiopia gives me these opportunities. Thank you! " - Raey Gatwh, from Sudan
GRATEFUL
感謝
CHAPTER 3
我叫做 Raey Gatwh，從蘇丹來的。我的祖國一直
I am from Sudan, a place with wars. My
都在打鬥，所以我走了，我不想回去，我不想在祖國
family left the country because we hope
裏卻被槍殺，我只想安安全全、快快樂樂地和家人朋
to be safe and live a happy life. We do not
友活着。為甚麼大家就不能好好地相處呢？
want to be killed or shot in our country and
其實本來大家的生活都是好好的，但不知為何，那裏
that was why we left.
DRAWING NO 6
RAEY GATWH FROM SUDAN
的人都在胡亂打人，很恐怖！結果，我的爸爸媽媽便
We walked a long way to Ethiopia,
決定帶着我們五兄弟姐妹一起走難到埃塞俄比亞，我
I know nothing here at the beginning, but
們雖然不想但也不得不離開…… 我們走了好遠好遠的路才到達埃塞俄
I have met a lot of friends and I feel safe.
比亞，一開始，我們去了 Damazin 難民營，雖然是
I like coming to JRS because I can go to
陌生的國家，但在這裏大家都很安全，我還結識了很
school and have food to eat! So good.
多很多朋友！
現在我來到了
JRS，我很喜歡這裏，很安全、很安全！而且還有很 多朋友，我又可以上學，還有吃的，真好！
chapter 3
難民故事 { 畫作 _drawing }
感謝
grateful
page 59
chapter 4
感受分享
感受別人的感受
live and let live
CHAPTER 4
SHARING NO 1
HENRY Lee Leong Hang
「對物要珍惜、對事要盡心、對人要感恩。」
" To cherish what we have, to remember what we sympathize with, to be grateful for what we are given and more importantly, to take action. " - Lee Leong Hang, from Hong Kong
FROM HONG KONG
感受別人的感受 LIVE AND LET LIVE
The Ethiopia service trip reminds me the importance of 'human' , especially when having the interactions with the local people. Hardship and poverty do not lead people to stay away, but to bring everyone together as they stay strong and lean on each other. No
埃塞俄比亞人道服務之旅，最大的體會是透過與當地
matter who - refugees or Ethiopians, are suffering, everyone is willing to care, to give
人接觸。 明白「人道」、「人本」的重要，同時反
concern or even take actions to alleviate the problems. I suddenly realized how cold
差了都市人的冷漠。 患難與貧窮，讓當地人及難民
the society in Hong Kong is.
Take the teacher in JRS as an example. He has
能將心比心，守望相助，共同面對挑戰。 在難民中
dedicated his life to educating the refugee children. He said that he has the responsibility
心的老師，獻出自己所學，教導與造就難民兒童；接
to take care of the underprivileged children, teaching them not only knowledge, but also
待我們的司機，蒙恩脫貧建立事業，卻又願意接濟貧
moral values. The driver who served us is another good example. He was helped by others
窮人；當地大學生成立「和平學會」，致力排解種族
when he faced difficulties in his childhood. So now when he manages to make a good
宗教的紛爭；埃國紅十字會的中學生義工，也表示因
living, he keeps on helping the needy like what others did to him when he was small. The
能義務服務社會而引以為傲……
students from The Peace Club of Addis Ababa University realized the importance of social
以上種種，正是人能「感受別人的感受」，以愛與接
harmony, thus they advocate for peace among different ethnic groups. Youths and the
納，切實改變社會。 這仿似一面鏡子般，看到香港
volunteers from Ethiopia Red Cross are proud of serving their society voluntarily……
社會的自利冷漠，旁觀心態。在此，事例說明每人也
Live and let live, love and acceptance do have a powerful influence to the
能成為別人及社會的建築師，只要我們用決心打破冰
society. There will be less arguments in society if everyone can give more love to one
冷，用行動改變人的心扉； 對物要珍惜、對事要盡心、
another, to friends or strangers. The wall between people can be broken.
對人要感恩，便能成為一位稱職的社會建築師。
Also, cherishing what we have, remembering what we sympathize with, being grateful to what we are given and more importantly, taking action.
page 61
CHAPTER 4
SHARING NO 2
MIMI
Leung Kit Yi 「埃國人民對生命的堅持與希望，推動你我的步伐。」
" Admiring Ethiopian's spirit and the resilience in lives, I have unlimited power to move on because of them. " - Leung Kit Yi, from Hong Kong
FROM HONG KONG
繼續前行
MOVING ON
出發前，我們訂下了是次旅程的目的，希望透過製作
往……在這裡，落後與貧窮顯而易見，但他們不斷地
一本關於希望與未來的繪本來讓難民有重新出發，重
努力工作，面對艱苦以改善生活水平，昐望有天的生
拾人生的意義等正面思想。就這樣，旅程開始了……
活變得安穩。眼見生活在艱苦國度上的人民對生命的
2013 年 6 月 10 日，七個來自香港的八十後，開始
堅持與希望，感到十分敬佩。反觀生活在富裕國家的
十九天的埃塞俄比亞旅程……來到一個沒有鐵路、沒
人們，又能有相同的堅持嗎 ? 同一天空下，他們笑得
有路牌、沒有公廁、沒有交通燈、沒有連鎖店、更沒
容易、笑得開懷、笑得滿足。原來，沒有交通燈會換
有「低頭族」的國家。
來秩序、沒有連鎖店會換來人情味、沒有「低頭族」
當中，我經歷
了不少。來到難民中心，總有數個小孩主動牽著我的
會換來情深對話，原來簡單就會快樂。
手；來到埃塞俄比亞紅十字會，義工們總給我當地式 的問候與擁抱，就只是一個笑容、一個動作、一個擁
我們從出生的一刻，已定下了不一樣的起步點，我們
抱，我已滿滿感受到他們對我無比的愛與歡迎。原來
亦沒法選擇。不過我們卻有選擇合適的生活態度與思
最簡單的東西，已能讓人感到無比的快樂。
想的權利。慶幸，參加了埃塞俄比亞服務團，是我一
儘管在旅遊巴上，也能從
chapter 4
感受分享
生難忘及意義重大的旅程。
眼睛感受埃國氣息。看到小孩經常追著車了乞討；看
旅程結束了……「重新出發」不只是旅程的目的，而
到青年們卑躬屈膝的蹲下來為客人擦鞋子；看到牧羊
是一生受用的瑰寶。充滿力量後，繼續前行、繼續走
人忙著趕羊；看到搬運工人頭頂十多個木盤來來往
我的路。
繼續前行
moving on
We planned to collect pictures of refugee children to make a booklet, passing the message of "Start over" - the theme of our team this year, and the message of living with hope. I have experienced a lot during the journey. Children held my hands with smiles in refugee center, local volunteers from Ethiopian Red Cross Society greeted with hugs in Ethiopian style. I fully
experienced their warm welcome and love through these simple gestures. Sometimes, when I looked out from my coach, there were always children chasing cars to beg money. Some teenagers squatted down to polish shoes for customers. The sheepherders herd sheep and workers carried several wooden trays by their heads on the street. The country is not well developed,
but their hard work is paid and the standard of living is improving. I admire the spirit and persistence towards their lives.
People may have no choices of their home countries and families, but they have rights to choose their own lifestyles and thinking. I am grateful to have a chance to experience life in Ethiopia. It was an unforgettable and meaningful journey. "Start over" is not only a theme of my team, but it also applies in my heart and mind. Now, I believe I have passion to continue my work.
page 63
CHAPTER 4
SHARING NO 3
PETER Ng Chin Hung
FROM HONG KONG
chapter 4
感受分享
平凡中的不平凡
miracle live
「擁有正面的思想不只是口號，卻是令人對挑戰、對艱苦生活的良藥。」
平凡中的不平凡
" Think positive" is not only a slogan to be brave, but also be the best reminder. "
MIRACLE LIVE
- Ng Chin Hung, from Hong Kong
這一趟埃塞俄比亞「難民關注」計劃，讓我們有機會
During the trip, various refugees shared
親身踏足從來只有在書本上讀到的土地上，親身與不
their own story to our team. As their lives
同膚色不同語言的人結成好友，用眼睛用耳朵體驗當
are built on the religion, their belief
地的文化和需要，用行動將愛傳遞到有需要的人手
makes them become sincere and honest
上，將我原來只停留在工作和學業的眼光，一下子帶
to treat others despite their hard lives.
到國際人道服務上，這一切都已經成為我人生中寶貴
Some of them told me that patience and
旅程中，不
being positive are the best ways to deal
少難民也樂意分享他們的經歷。雖然他們的生活也很
with challenges. Even the guest house
艱苦，從出生、成長以至生活……不過，他們基於宗
owner believes the same. He has a good
教信念，相信以真誠與正直的心對待別人，便能擁有
family and business now. He was hopeless
快樂的人生。當中，他們以行動告訴我，以正面的思
during his childhood, but he could still hold
想及希望對待一切便是最佳的上策。
a genuine heart to face his life. He works
的經歷。
hard, and doesn't stop offering help to 除了難民的故事，還有接待我們的旅店東主所經歷的
the needy, no matter how bad or good
故事令我非常深刻。雖然他已擁有完整的家庭及安穩
his life is. Perhaps this is how miracle
的生活，但他也曾經歷絕望的童年。面對著無望的未
works - everyone tries their best to make
來，他深信只要不斷努力從逆境挑戰，而且保持著將
a better world.
心彼心與感恩的心態，一切的經歷只是回憶，延續的 未來卻是美滿的人生。 擁有正面的思想不只是口號，卻是令人 對挑戰、對艱苦生活的良藥。
From now on, "Think positive" is not only a slogan to make me become brave, but also be the best reminder to me for the coming challenges.
page 65
CHAPTER 4
SHARING NO 4
LYNN Wan Pik Mui
「無懼風浪，夢想飛行。」
" Refugees have their whole plan, what they need is a chance! " - Wan Pik Mui, from Hong Kong
難民的光彩
OPPORTUNITY BECOMES THE DREAM FROM HONG KONG
真的榮幸來到非洲，感受的、得到的真是穫益良多。在埃塞俄比亞，一個異樣的非洲國度，旅途上的每事每物 都衝擊着我，尤其是此服務團的重心—難民關注。 難民基於各種原因被逼離開祖國，但他們卻從未離棄，總是等待回家的時機，有些甚至並非在祖 國出生，從未曾踏過那遍國土，卻依然能無損其熱情。 至於青年們，聽了他們各自所說的夢想，其中最多的卻希望到外國學習， 成為英文老師，然後回歸自己的祖國，幫助國民，能於教育工作上作一份貢獻。聽著聽著，十多歲的青年，說 出口的夢想卻何其遠大……還記得他們說夢想的眼神，充滿神采與自信，真希望能實在地為他們做點甚麼，好 像這樣就能叨他們眼中的一點光彩。
It is really a rare opportunity to go to Africa and I have gotten much during this trip. 'Refugees' is not a very common term for most of the people in Hong Kong. Not many people know that there are refugees in Hong Kong. Even I know there are refugees in Hong Kong, I do not know much about them. Ethiopia trip made me know more about refugees,
Refugees may have a hard
their stories, and their dreams.
life in their home countries, some of them may not live in their home countries for even one day. But this doesn't hinder their love to their home countries, they still hope to go back to their homeland one day. It is so impressive to hear their dreams. Most of them wish to learn English overseas and become an English teacher, so when they go back to their home country, they can educate their people. They have their whole plan, what they
need is a chance! chapter 4
感受分享
難民的光彩
opportunity becomes the dream
page 67
CHAPTER 4
SHARING NO 5
BEAR Yu Chi Wai
FROM HONG KONG
chapter 4
感受分享
用心服務、用心感受
serve with heart
用心服務、用心感受
SERVE WITH HEART
「不論生命的長短，愛上所愛、努力前行、感受人生。」
" Serving people should not be about place or achievement, but with heart. " - Yu Chi Wai, from Hong Kong
服務從來就是一種「施與受」的過程。從零開始，經
Starting from zero, we turned our ideas into action. we, 7 of us, engaged in different
過工作坊、活動、會議，我們一行七人將想法付諸實
workshops, briefings and meetings in the whole year program. Before joining ISLP, I have
行。在加入埃塞俄比亞服務團前，我從未意會到難民
never thought of knowing refugees in Ethiopia. This country, which is full of misconception
的問題。從前以為當地人生活艱苦、無助、貧窮，但
and misinterpretation from the outside world, is actually a lovely place. Refugees do not
原來他們是積極及努力挑戰未來，是個可愛的國家、
equal to poverty and incapability, but dynamic and positiveness.
What impressed me the most was the drawing session of
擁有正面思想的國民。 旅途上，在 JRS 難民中心的繪畫課時，
this picture book in JRS. We asked them to draw their dream and self portraits. Many
當我提及到「理想與自我」時，發現他們雖在一個發
of them did have positive thinking about their future career. The activity on Refugee
展中國家，但大部分人也有對未來的一個明確方向及
Day (June 20) also showed me that refugees did have their own talents and strengths.
理想。還有「難民日」的感受，他們掛著燦爛的笑容、
They performed confidently on the stage and I felt happy for them as they could find
散發著無比的自信，站在眾人的舞台上表演，我深深
their new friends in a "new" country. I used to think that the trip
為他們感到驕傲，彷彿看到埃塞俄比亞的新未來。 出發前的行程設計上，我經
would be more meaningful if we could visit some underdeveloped places in Ethiopia. After
常認為能到當地偏遠的落後地區服務會更有意義。旅
this trip, I think serving people should not be about place, but with heart. Even in an
程中卻發現，重要的並非服務地點，而是我們的心。
affluent country, there are people being neglected. So it depends on how we think
儘管是富裕的國家，也有被遺棄的人。因此，義工服
and how much effort we put. We can still help people wherever we are.
務取決於我們的努力、我們的心思。無論在那，我們 也能作無私的奉獻。回想，跟組員、當地青年的互動 中，讓我對人生有了更深的體會。雖然每人的生命有 長短，但每人一天所擁有的時間是相同。人們不會被 時間、年齡，甚至工作去影響自己所喜愛的事，而是 慢慢享受人生的腳步。而我們又懂得去享受生命？感 受生命？雖然「施予」的過程未如想像中般理想，但 這種「意想不到的收穫」往往是我喜歡及繼續服務的 動力！
page 69
CHAPTER 4
SHARING NO 6
EVA
Yip Ching Yu
「一望無際的草原成就簡單快樂的生活。」
" World peace is not only a slogan for Miss World contest, but also for the world's real needs. " - Yip Ching Yu, from Hong Kong
萬里無雲、遼闊草原、傳統部落、炎熱天氣等等，都是我對埃塞的想像。經過十九日的經歷後， 我發現原來對埃塞俄比亞的認識只是「小學雞」程度。到達機場的一刻，我不禁問，這裡真的是非洲嗎？因為 在我眼前的，也能媲美香港機場的建築，如果並非看到不同膚色的人，我還真覺得我是去了什麼富裕國家。在 旅程上看見的、感受到的一切來得都不太真實……第一次走在發展中國家的步伐上，我感受到埃國對發展的飢 FROM HONG KONG
渴，但污濁的空氣卻提醒了我各種發展的後遺症。當然在某程度上，城市發展能改善人們生活、衛生環境、工 作效率等。但取而代之的卻是現在從容不逼的生活態度，隨著城市的發展而被吞沒。那種心中富有，但荷包窮 得借親友的生活；可能變成荷包富有，但時間和人情卻都失去。
我在埃國天氣晴
GAIN & LOSE
或許，我生於 90 年代的香港，看著父母每日忙碌地工作，回到家累得勉強地對我擠 出一點笑容，這都促使我期盼擁有簡單的生活，儘管每天能為小事而吵架也是幸福，正如生活於埃國的人們。 城市及技術發展本應是提高人類生活的質素，而非蠶食我們的生活。
期望十年後，再有
機會回到埃國時，擦鞋的兒童還能為擦亮一雙鞋而自豪，為工作而滿足，並沒有將自己跟機器作比較。因為由 自己一雙手做任何事都是一分心意、一份熱誠，都值得被珍惜與尊重。難民就如你跟我一樣，需要關懷與被愛。 我深信以生命影響生命，「世界和平」不只是競選世界環球小姐的口頭禪，而是世界真正的需要。
It is my first time to visit a developing country, I felt the people's hunger about the development of this country. But the polluted air reminded me of adverse effects from development. Of course, urban development can improve people's lives,
hygiene, productivity, and so on. But what comes together with the development might be the change in people's relationships and attitude towards life. Daily little things that bring happiness, just like what I experienced in Ethiopia. If I have a chance to visit Ethiopia again, I hope the development of the country would not
corrode people's happiness on simple things, as everything deserves to be cherished when it's done with heart. Refugees are pure and genuine. They are just like you and me. They need care and love. I believe that "Life affects life". World peace is not only a slogan for Miss World contest but also for the world's real needs.
chapter 4
感受分享
我在埃國天氣晴
gain & lose
page 71
CHAPTER 4
SHARING NO 7
JOANNE Yu Hoi Ting
FROM HONG KONG
chapter 4
感受分享
我們都一樣
we are the same
我們都一樣
WE ARE THE SAME
「選擇方法看待世界，盡力回應別人所需。」
" Neither our explicit nor implicit supports are immeasurable, the most important thing is how we respond to other's needs. " - Yu Hoi Ting, from Hong Kong
不只一次有義工問我，說自己做的太渺小、太沒用；
Not only once, volunteers were curious about whether their volunteer work were meaningless
服務看似很有意義，實際沒多大貢獻，應如何自處？
and ineffective, questioning what they could do. To respond the humanitarian issues they
我便會反問，當初是什麼驅使你參與服務計劃。
witnessed, I then asked them what the initial motivation pushed them into volunteer service.
難民有著不同的故事，經
Each refugee has his own story about separation, sorrow
歷生離死別，他們說著的時候有的依然激動、有的冷
and bereavement. During our service trip, we listened to a refugee child mentioning that
靜得像說著別人的故事。還記得當問及一位難民小孩
his father was beaten till death in the refugee camp and he walked to Ethiopia with his
的故事，他說父親在難民營中被打死，自己與媽媽和
family seeking for support, we did not know how to react at that moment. Facing an
姐姐徒步走到埃塞俄比亞，聽著聽著，真的不敢想像
innocent child in front of us, we cannot imagine how he could overcome such tragedy.
年紀小小的他是如何承受這份經歷、這份痛。而當刻
Meanwhile, the teacher of the refugee center held us tightly, expressing his gratitude to us
的我們，心底裡有說不出的無奈，因為我們好像什麼
as we visited them with love and joy.
也幫不了。此時，難民中心的老師擁抱著我們，感激 大家長途跋涉的探訪，為他們帶來關心、物資、希望
These always remind us that neither our explicit nor implicit supports are immeasurable, the most important thing is how we respond to other's needs.
以及友愛，知道地球另一端有朋友一直記掛著他們。
Refugee is the same as us, having
實體或無形的付出實難以用單一標準衡量，而現實與
dream, future, living with integrity. By reading this book, I hope our stories and our feelings
想像之間存在的落差，時刻喚醒我們，參與服務並不
could raise your awareness towards refugee and our world.
會為我們添上光環。最重要是我們選擇用什麼方式去 看待這個世界，盡力回應別人的需要。 難民和我們都一樣，有著夢想，有著未 來，努力生活著。希望大家感受到我們的愛，喚起你 對難民、對世界的關注。
page 73
CHAPTER 5
FACT NO 1
香港有難民嗎？
ARE THERE REFUGEES IN HONG KONG?
170
1
2248
在港難民數目
在港無國籍人士數目
在港尋求庇護人士數目
Number of refugees in Hong Kong
Number of stateless people in Hong Kong
Number of asylum seekers in Hong Kong
數據來源：聯合國難民專員公署全球趨勢報告 2014
chapter 5
Source: UNHCR Global Trends 2014
香港有難民嗎
are there refugees in hong kong
CHAPTER 5
FACT NO 2
香港難民事件簿
TIMELINE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF REFUGEE PROTECTION IN HONG KONG
1930
中日戰爭及國共內戰期間，大批中國難民逃難到香港避戰。
1950
Many mainlanders fled to Hong Kong to escape from the Chinese Civil War and the SinoJapanese War.
1975
越戰結束，北越統一越南，引發逃亡潮。 載有 3743 越南人的丹麥註冊貨船「長春號」到達香港，船上的首批越南難民獲得全數收容。
Hong Kong received its first wave of Vietnamese refugees after South Vietnam was annexed by North Vietnam. A 3,743-strong refugee group was found arriving on board the Danish freighter Clara Mærsk and were accepted as refugees.
1979
聯合國難民署於 1979 年在香港成立常駐辦事處，以應對當時大量湧港的越南難民（船民）。
Permanent office of the UNHCR established in 1979 to cope with the influx of Vietnamese boat people.
page 75
1979.07
港英政府在日內瓦簽署國際公約，把香港列作「第一收容港」，不符合甄別標準的難民須被遣返。
Hong Kong adopted the "port of first asylum policy" after The United Nations convened an international conference in Geneva, Switzerland, stating that "a grave crisis exists in Southeast Asia for hundreds of thousands of refugees".
1980
香港收容的難民已超過十萬人。
Hong Kong received over 100,000 Vietnamese at the peak of migration.
1988.06.16
港英政府實行「甄別政策」，把政治難民定義為「難民」而 某求安穩生活的經濟移民稱為「船民」，並視為非法入境者。
The government adopted a Comprehensive Plan of Action on 16 June 1988, separating political refugees (classified as refugees) from economic refugees (classified as "boat people"). Economic refugees were considered illegal immigrants.
chapter 5
香港難民事件簿
timeline on the development of refugee protection in hong kong
1990
港英政府開始遣返「船民」。
Vietnamese boat people were denied the right to be transferred to a third country and were all sent back to Vietnam.
1996
由於香港政府沒有簽署 1951 年聯合國《關於難民地位公約》，並且沒有制定相關法律框架監管庇護權的授予， 因此聯合國難民署按照它的工作職能肩負起了香港主要的難民工作，包括甄別難民地位、援助尋求庇護者和難 民，以及謀求和促進長遠解決難民問題的方案（多為重新安置方案）。
Because Hong Kong is not a signatory to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, and has no legal framework governing the granting of asylum UNHCR carried the main responsibility for refugee status determination, assistance to asylum-seekers and refugees, as well as the identification and promotion of durable solutions (mostly resettlement) under its mandate.
1998.01.09 香港政府取消「第一收容港」政策。
Hong Kong's status as a first port of asylum was revoked.
2000.02.21
香港特區政府宣布了《擴大本地收容計劃》，允許所有在港越南難民和船民（約 2400 人）申領香港身份證成為本地居民。
The Hong Kong SAR Government announced the Widened Local Resettlement Scheme that allowed all Vietnamese refugees and boat people remaining in Hong Kong (about 2,400 people) to apply for Hong Kong identification cards and become local residents.
page 77
2000.07
隨著最後一個難民營的關閉，越南難民和船民時代正式結束。
The last refugee camp closed, marking the official end of the Vietnamese refugees and the boat people saga.
chapter 5
香港難民事件簿
timeline on the development of refugee protection in hong kong
2005
由 1975 至 2005 年，短短 30 年間，本港已收容超過 20 萬名難民，約 14.4 萬人獲得外國 收容，約 2400 名難民融入本港生活，並有約 5.8 萬名船民被遣返。
From 1975 to 2005, approximately 200,000 boat people arrive in Hong Kong, in which 144,000 were resettled in third countries, 58,000 were repatriated to country of origin, and 1,400 were offered local integration.
2006.06
由社會福利署逐漸接管援助最脆弱的尋求庇護人士的工作。
The Hong Kong SAR Government takes over responsibility for the care and maintenance of the most vulnerable asylum seekers through the Social Welfare Department.
2013.07
香港政府在立法會保安事務委員會上公布了採用統一審核機制 (USM) 的計劃。統一審核機制將用於審查基於以下三項理由提出的不驅回申請：(a) 《聯合國禁止酷刑 和其他殘忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或處罰公約》中定義的酷刑 ( 就《禁止酷刑公約》提出的申請 )；(b)《香港人權法案》第 3 條限定的酷刑和其他殘忍、不人道 或有辱人格的待遇或處罰 ( 就《香港人權法案》第 3 條提出的申請 )；和 / 或 (c) 1951 年《關於難民地位公約》第 33 條原則規定的迫害 ( 迫害申請 )。
The Administration announced its plan to introduce the Unified Screening mechanism (USM) at the Legislative Council's Panel on Security. The USM to be launched for screening non-refoulement claims on grounds of (a) torture as defined under the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT claims); (b) torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment under Article 3 of the Hong Kong Bill of Rights (BOR Article 3 claims); and/or (c) persecution with reference to the principle under Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (persecution claims).
2014.03.03
統一審核機制開始實施。難民署的職能逐漸轉變，在難民和庇護政策上更多地擔任顧問的角色。
The Unified Screening Mechanism launched. UNHCR transitioned to an advisory role in regards to refugee and asylum policy, marking a major development in the agency's goals under its mandate.
page 79
CHAPTER 5
FACT NO 3
香港為難民服務的機構
ORGANIZATIONS WHICH SERVES REFUGEES IN HONG KONG
眼看難民所面對的困境，香港也有幾所以難民為人道
聯合國難民署香港分署辦事處
服務對象的機構，一直為沈默的少數人，默默地一
The United Nations High
同前行，提供協助。要維持恆常的運作、動員人力協
Commissioners for Refugees
助、籌備物資等，都需要捐款和義工的支持，你能與
(UNHCR) - Sub-office Hong Kong
他們同行，幫助這些失去未來的難民，彰顯人性的光 聯合國難民署香港辦事處是難民署全球網絡中的一
輝嗎？
There are several organisations which
員，為全球逾 120 個國家的難民及其他受關注人士
provide assistance to refugees in Hong
提供重要援助。香港辦事處致力在香港倡議和保護難
Kong, all organisations need your support
民權利。
on their work to refugees. Would you like to
UNHCR Hong Kong is one office in our
walk together for refugees?
global network providing vital assistance to refugees and other persons of concern in more than 120 countries around the world. The local office is responsible for the promotion and protection of refugee rights in Hong Kong.
www.unhcr.org.hk
chapter 5
香港為難民服務的機構
organizations which serves refugees in hong kong
香港國際社會服務社
基督教勵行會重慶大廈服務中心
香港難民援助中心
International Social Services -
Christian Action's
Hong Kong Refugee Advice Centre
Hong Kong Branch (ISS)
Chungking Mansions program
(HKRAC)
ISS 向尋求庇護及表示受酷刑迫害人士提供實物援
中心提供人道支援，如居住、食物、衣物、日用品和
HKRAC 是唯一為難民提供免費法律諮詢與協助的非
助，如臨時庇護所及食物，旨在保證這些人士逗留在
緊急援助金等方面的基本協助。同時亦為難民提供教
牟利組織，致力協助難民向聯合國難民署 (UNHCR)
港期間能維持基本生活需要，不至於匱乏無依。
育、培訓及心理與精神健康等支援。
申請香港庇護。
ISS provides assistance like temporary
Assists refugees with basic essentials such
HKRAC is the only dedicated provider of
shelters and food to prevent destitution
as shelter, food, clothing, toiletries, and
pro bono legal aid to refugees seeking
for the most vulnerable within the asylum
emergency cash grants. It is also one of
protection at the United Nations High
seeking and torture claimants population.
the few sources for education and training
Commissioner for Refugees ("UNHCR") in
support, as well as psychosocial and mental
Hong Kong.
health services.
www.isshk.org
www.christian-action.org.hk
www.hkrac.org
page 81
嗚謝 Acknowledgement 香港教育學院 The Hong Kong Institute of Education 埃塞俄比亞紅十字會 Ethiopia Red Cross Society 埃塞俄比亞耶穌會難民服務 Jesuit Refugee Service Ethiopia 許智明博士 Dr HUI Chi-ming (2012-13 年度海外領袖發展體驗計劃贊助人 ) (Sponsor of Leadership Enhancement and Development (LEAD) Programme 2012-2013)
編輯 Editors CHO Wing-tak LEE Leong-hang LEUNG Kit-yi NG Chin-hung WAN Pik-mui YIP Ching-yu YU Chi-wai YU Hoi-ting LEUNG Sai-kit
翻譯 Translators CHEUNG Chung-lam, Jackie CHU Wai-man FONG Ho-yi, Sophia SZE Chik-ki, Jack
設計 Designer Riz Yung
* 排明不分先後