MULTI SPECTRAL FIELD SURVEY The Humanitarian Crisis in Yemen
Executive Summery 2016
1.INTRODUCTION BY THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE As the humanitarian crisis in Yemen is deteriorating a day after day, the number of Yemeni people who are in need for humanitarian aid has increased to more than 21 million people out of the total population of 26 million, or 85% of people living in Yemen. The areas that need help include all Yemeni governorates despite the presence or absence of armed conflict. Considering the extent of the crisis and its long duration, all groups of the society are affected including the poor and those with average income. The crisis has weakened all main sectors in Yemeni life. There are many reasons for the low capacity to respond to the humanitarian needs, which have aggravated the humanitarian crisis. One of the most important reasons is the harsh condition in Yemen prior to the ignition of the crisis. The country has been experiencing extreme poverty, social vulnerability, a crumbling national economy, and deterioration of essential services such as health, education, water, sanitation and electricity, in addition to ruined infrastructure. Without any doubt, the humanitarian response in this languishing, deprived environment needs serious efforts in analyzing reality, defining priorities, mobilizing resources and coordinating the efforts of all actors. Qatar Charity has recognized these challenges; therefore, it has prepared this survey study to analyze all aspects of life according to the adopted methodology of the permanent joint committee of all agencies. This comes in line with our belief of the importance of finding a common ground for all involved actors to achieve the best results of this coordination. This study will help us, our partners and all humanitarian groups working in Yemen to recognize the extent of damage caused in all areas and in different sectors, such as health and education. This step will define needs of sectors and put priorities in order to meet citizens’ needs and promote the capacity of the community to respond adequately to the crisis and to recover from it. We were keen to turn to skilled Yemenis in the preparation of this study. This stems from our belief that they are the most eligible to understand the reality on ground and most capable to withstand challenges of this conflict during carrying out this kind of research. We are optimistic that this survey will give an objective definition of needs, which will help all humanitarian workers in Yemen to plan properly and use resources efficiently. We also hope this survey would enrich other surveys by our partners, especially those made by the Coordination Office for Humanitarian Needs following the Humanitarian Response Plan, which is our main and only reference during the humanitarian response in Yemen. Finally, we would like to give our thanks to our field team who conducted this research, and to our local team that supervised field work from our main headquarter in Doha.
Yusuf Bin Ahmed Al-Kuwari Qatar Charity, CEO
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2.THE GENERAL HUMANITARIAN STATUS IN YEMEN
The Yemeni crisis is one of the largest humanitarian crises in the world considering the number of people affected. The number goes over 80% of the whole population, which estimated to be about 26 million people. According to estimates by the United Nations, the number of people living under poverty has increased by 35% to reach 60% after the crisis. Hardships in Yemen are intensifying; the health system is collapsing depriving citizens from proper treatment and exposing more to infectious diseases and water and sewage systems are damaged. Moreover, business has been disturbed which in turn had affected the availability of goods and job opportunities. Enrollment at schools has halted in most governorates exposing the future of the country to more developmental and security drawbacks. The most important challenge that faces the humanitarian response in Yemen is that the crisis has affected most of the population there. Moreover, the difficulty of coordination among humanitarian organizations in the field, and lack of security in some places are other challenges.
The continuity of the crisis to affect more people in more governorates in Yemen has made humanitarian workers in a very complex situation, as they live in almost a completely collapsed country. Therefore, basic needs are lacking including food, nutrition, shelter, health, water and sanitation, education and job opportunities. In the same line, the lack of resources in Yemen has ranked the country among the most deficit ones in resources in terms of the aid needed. For example, the humanitarian response plan of 2015 has estimated the need for 1.6 billion dollars but the actual given aid did not exceed 282 million dollars until now.
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The complexity of the Yemeni crisis has made the coordination of humanitarian work more difficult. This complexity stems from the overlapping mechanisms in which each actor has its own mechanism and nature of work. In turn, the adopted mechanisms for humanitarian response have failed to merge all the organizations that work in this field. Some humanitarian agencies have relied on its own capabilities to reach beneficiaries, because of their distrust in the efficiency of the available mechanism of coordination. On the other hand, some agencies have hesitated to participate in this kind of work, waiting for other efficient opportunities that meet their own humanitarian goals. Reaching those in need is a very difficult challenge, especially during the continuous deterioration of security. This can pose a risk for the safety of humanitarian workers, or aid could end in wrong hands or blocked from reaching specific authorities.
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3. YEMINI HUMANITARIAN CRISIS CONFERENCE This study comes as part of preparations for the Yemini humanitarian crisis conference, in which the most important humanitarian organizations in Yemen will sponsor it on a common ground. The study, in addition to other references, is a rich information source for initiators. The step will help those organizations to harness their own capabilities, roles, and powers to mobilize the largest possible humanitarian aid in Yemen. The initiators list involves namely, Organization of Islamic Cooperation, the Arab League, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, the High Commission for Relief in Yemen, the International Committee of the Red Cross, King Salman Center, Qatar Charity, the International Islamic Charitable Organization, the International Humanitarian City, World Medical Corps, Start Network and ICVA. The conference comes during a critical period of the Yemini crisis in order to promote the humanitarian response capacity in Yemen. It comes to expand the dialogue, which the Higher Committee for Relief has started during the coordination forum. Jointly with Qatar Charity, this forum had taken place in Doha during March of 2015.
PROMOTE THE HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE CAPACITY IN YEMEN.
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THE CONFERENCE AIMS TO: Share information about the humanitarian situation in Yemen among aid actors. Promote coordination and partnership among all different actors to unite their efforts in the Humanitarian response in Yemen. Launch a group of humanitarian initiatives in Yemen in response to essential needs.
ACCORDING TO THESE GOALS, THE CONFERENCE EXPECTS TO HAVE THE FOLLOWING OUTPUTS: A joint work plan that take into consideration the targeted areas and humanitarian needs according to specific sectors. A mechanism of coordination that can take advantage of humanitarian efforts of all actors to sustain a more efficient humanitarian response. A mechanism to follow and evaluate outputs of the conference.
FOR THIS REASON, THE CONFERENCE WILL ADDRESS THE FOLLOWING MAIN TOPICS: The humanitarian needs in Yemen according to the Humanitarian Needs Response prepared by UN or according to other objectives to evaluate needs. Challenges that face the Humanitarian response work namely security, logistics and resources. Mechanisms of coordination of humanitarian work in Yemen and ways to promote work for a more efficient response. Humanitarian initiatives as responses to the lack of basic needs.
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4. STUDY OBJECTIVES, METHODOLOGY AND PREPARATION TEAM 4.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES The main goal of this study is to evaluate damages caused to different areas of life including food security and nutrition, health, water and sanitation, shelter, non-food items, work and education; and defining basic needs of those affected by the latest events in Yemen. There are sub-goals which branch from this objective namely: Evaluating the extent of damage to mentioned sectors. Preparing a clear vision for urgent needs in the midst of the tragic situation of the mentioned sectors. Preparing a number of programs and activities that could stimulate the economy and create job opportunities in societies affected by armed conflict. Seeking more corporations between relief and development. Consolidating relief efforts among organizations working in the relief and development sectors.
4.2 METHODOLOGY AND TOOLS The study used quantitative methods of survey, which is one of the best tools for collecting quantitative data. In fact, Interviews could help in collecting direct and genuine data from respondents. The study has formulated six main topics including: 1. Food security and nutrition, 2.Health, 3. Water and sanitation, 4.Shelter and non-food items, 5. Job opportunities, 6.Education. The study took advantage of all documents and forms of prior, related studies, such as: The Multi-cluster initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) for defining humanitarian needs. The Damage Evaluation Method, proved by the World Bank. An Evaluation form for studying food security and nutrition during emergency work, prepared by number of international organizations working in Yemen. A Questionnaire for evaluating of impact, prepared by Social Fund and Development. Surveys of income, expenditure and family budgets, prepared by the Central Bureau of Statistics.
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Qualitatively, the study has adopted focus groups methodology, which considered a very valuable tool to collect qualitative data. In addition, the research team has used their own direct and personal observations in the field to observe the damage in all studied sectors. Considering the critical situations in Yemeni cities, a data entry program was designed using Microsoft Excel to store fieldwork documents and to do work timely and efficiently. The program was distributed to operators of data entry around the country. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) was also used for many operations such as frequency tables, statistical hypothesis testing and analysis. Regarding analysis methodology of qualitative studies, supervisors had an essential role in analysis of qualitative data according to group interviews guide. Each comment related to each topic of the study was sorted independently, and then similarities and differences in opinions were concluded. The study presented qualitative results narratively, which considered the most important ways to present qualitative results in studies.
4.3 STUDY TEAM The study was conducted by a field team under supervision of a technical team in Doha. The team in the field constitutes of a chief researcher, 14 supervisors, 133 researchers, and 14 administrators. The total number of the team is 162 members. On the other hand, Doha technical team constitutes of four members headed by the executive director of the international development. Researchers were selected by taking into consideration some objective criteria such as: academic qualifications, experience, flexibility in dealing with different groups of society, residence in targeted area, and gender equality. In order to meet the goals of the study, researchers have received training to familiarize them with methods and tools of the study before conducting it.
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5.STUDY POPULATION AND TIMETABLE The study included 122 affected districts in 14 governorates in Yemen:
35
26
25
23
20
20 17
17
20 17
15
15 10
31
30
30
14
13 10
9
88
7
6
4
5
11
10
9
10
9
6 3
2 2
Number of districts in each governorate
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Number of affected districts
The study was conducted according to the following plan: Activity
Date
1
Preparing survey forms and selecting employees
15-23/11
2
Training supervisors (First Phase)
24-25/11
3
Training researchers (Second phase)
29-30/11
4
Field work and data entry
5
Analyzing data and writing final report plan:
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1-14/12 15-24/12
1
2
3
4
5
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6. RESULTS OF THE STUDY 6.1 WATER AND SEWAGE A. OVERVIEW Results of the demographic health survey in 2013 has shown that the percentage of households that have access to safe drinking water is about 59% out the total number of households in Yemen. The source of this safe water includes municipal or local systems, artesian wells, rainwater or water bottles. There are about 20% of households who are using municipal systems and 14% are using artesian wells. By disregarding collecting water using rooftops, the results of the study have shown that the main source of drinking water is wells, which constitutes 72%. It was shown that most families in Ta’izz are using rooftops to collect water instead of artesian wells, which were stopped because of the armed conflict and by the lack of fuels for pumps. Results from field studies have shown that sources of drinking water that were studied were 4,258 sources, in which 581 sources or 13% out of the total number were damaged. The highest rate of damage was located in Lahij with 70% damage, followed by Aden with 58.8%, and Hadhramaut with 48%. The total number of family members who were affected by damage in water and sewage system is 656,747 families, where Ta’izz had the strongest hit followed by Aden.
B. RESULTS The number of damaged projects by the armed conflict is 735 project or 17% of the total number of projects covered in those areas. The number of water reservoirs that were damaged is 149 reservoirs and 214 pumps were damaged as well as 218 private water systems that were also damaged. The number of families that were affected by the damage of water and sewage systems is 656,747 families. The expensive costs of repairing and fueling pumps had raised the costs of getting clean water, which have affected families directly. The prevalence of many diseases because of using contaminated water and by the damage to sewage systems. The number of girls who dropped out schools has increased because they are forced by their families to get water from remote areas. Most of water pumps in those areas were damaged because of using alternative materials instead of fuels to run them. Many projects and systems had halted completely because of the lack of repair.
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C. RECOMMENDATIONS Rehabilitating of halted projects through repairing water pumps, systems and tanks. Raising awareness about the dangers of sewage water on health and about the conservation water. Rehabilitating sewage systems and continuing the constructions of uncompleted ones. Delivering water to remote and affected areas through especial vehicles. Providing fuels, especially diesel, for running equipment. Building water reservoirs to collect water from streams.
6.2 EDUCATION SECTOR A. OVERVIEW Similar to other developing countries, Yemen is still suffering from illiteracy which obstacles improving the life of residents, and the development and prosperity of society, despite its low prevalence among Yemenis. Geographical health surveys has shown in 2013 a large gap between the rate of male to female students attending schools. In fact, there have been great variations of the rate of males to females who have enrolled at schools throughout the years. In 2013, about 80% of males were enrolling in schools, and only 57% of females enrolled during the same period. It is clear that more residents of urban areas are attending schools than rural residents. Moreover, there are more male-students than female-students enrolling in schools in all Yemeni governorates. This paper also aims to study the implementations of the latest events on education and address needed interventions to solve these problems. The results of the field study showed through feedback of respondents about the extent of damage that there are 450 areas inflicted with damage, out of 577 targeted areas. This mean, 78% of damaged areas had affected the education sector with variation in damage. Baida’ and Sugetry governorates have the highest number of damaged schools. It is clear that the low percentage of damaged schools in Aden is due to the repair of schools by Emirates Red Crescent. The study also shows that the total number of schools included in it were 2,987 schools, out this number there are 949 school that were damaged or 32% of all schools in the area. The highest percentages of damaged schools were in Sugetry, Abyan and Hadhramaut, and this is due to the small number of schools in these areas. The total number of classroom that were included in the study were 28,885 class, or an average of 10 classrooms per school. There were 3,569 schools that were damaged, or 12% out the total classrooms in the whole area. The highest percentages of damaged classrooms were in Ta’zz and Hadhramaut. Regarding the number of classrooms that was looted or vandalized, there are 3,878 classroom, or about 13% of the total number in the whole area. The highest number of looted or vandalized classrooms was in Ta’zz and Abyan, however, these classroom might had been also damaged before.
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B. RESULTS Results of the field study have shown that 78% of areas had witnessed turmoil of the education sector. The total number of schools included in the study was 2,987 schools in which 949 school were damaged or 32% of the total number. The total number of damaged classrooms were 3,569 classrooms or 12% out of the total number. The total number of looted or vandalized classroom was 3878 classrooms or 13% out of the total number in the area. The number of needed tents for residents in damaged area is 1762 tents, and 2171 tents to serve as temporary classrooms. The number of students who were affected by the destruction of educational institutes was 488,638 students. The percentage of disruption of educational enrollment by conflict was about 60% of total area.
C. RECOMMENDATIONS Priorities for reenrollment at schools include repairing and reconstructing both partially and totally damaged schools. Supplying furniture and other new educational equipment. Providing school supplies. Providing security for students and staff. Providing teachers and obligate employed teachers to work. Building more classrooms. Building girls’ schools. Providing drinking water, fridges and water tanks. Providing school curriculum. Providing uniforms, back bags, and all school supplies to students of poor families. Supporting volunteer teachers with payments that could motivate them to continue their work.
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6.3 HEALTH SECTOR A. OVERVIEW As a result of the recent events in Yemen, the health system of the country has been affected in general: some epidemics have emerged, shortage of medications has increased, prices of therapeutic services and medications have risen and some health facilities are threatened to be stopped. All these indications confirm that the health situation in Yemen is extremely catastrophic, while the international response is weak in the field of relief and humanitarian aid, and, on the top, in that one concerned with the human health. This study has mainly aimed to measure the damage done to the health sector in the public and private sectors as the current crisis has confirmed the importance of the private health sector to fulfilling the citizens› need for this service. The findings of this study showed that two thirds of the communities under investigation have confirmed that they were exposed to damage in the health sector, with the highest level in the Province of Marib, followed by that of Socotra, Abyan, Al Bayda and Taiz ( 100%, 100%, 94.6%, 91.4% and 83.1% respectively). The number of the health units in the affected provinces was 369, with the highest number in the Province in Hadhramaut, Abyan and Taiz with 180 affected health units, and 108 health centers. The number of the rural hospitals at the level of the directorates› capitals was 41, while that of the public hospitals had the total of 104.
B. RESULTS The biggest percentage of the health services received by the citizens was the vaccination campaigns with 88%, followed by periodic vaccination campaigns with 79%, then the delivery services (from one house to another) with 66%. About two thirds of the population under investigation has confirmed their exposure to damage in the health sector. The number of the health facilities affected by the damage or loss of furniture and supplies was 227. Damage or loss of laboratory medical devices: 144 health facilities. Damage or loss of medical ray-devices: 72 health facilities. Damage or loss of medical surgical devices: 99 health services. Damage/loss of medical devices related to Intensive Care and Emergency: 61 health services. Running out of basic medications: 272 health facilities. The number of the families affected in the health sector was about 631,421. One of the most important problems related to the health sector is the lack of many kinds of necessary medications and nutrition. Power failure in the health facilities which led to deficiencies in performing their tasks. Damage of many vaccines.
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Stoppage of laboratory work (testing) in the health facilities. Death cases in the kidney laundry center due to the stoppage of the kidney laundry machines. Lack of Petroleum derivatives to run the health facilities. Difficulty in transporting patients and their inability to reach the health facilities to get treatment on time. The outbreak of some diseases related to contaminated water. Stoppage of some facilities in connection with the peoples› health, such as sewage network and hygiene fund. Absence of the role of the local and executive authorities in supervising and accountability. The departure of many medical staff and missions from the affected centers to other places. Absence of community health awareness and the outbreak of epidemics without controlling them by the competent authorities. Inability to find medications in the markets due to inactivity of ports and high prices.
C. RECOMMENDATIONS Reconstructing of health facilities. Securing the basic medications for the chronic diseases. Providing furniture and medical supplies. Providing the Petroleum derivatives for the health facilities. Implementing health awareness programmes by forming and distributing volunteer field teams. Having mobile field clinics to treat malnutrition. Training and qualifying midwives from the affected areas. Providing transports for patients in emergencies. Securing medical staff and recruiting from abroad those with distinctive specializations through medical camps. Making campaigns against the epidemics spread in the area. Opening and rehabilitating the closed health centers. Constructing qualifying and physiotherapy centers. Having stationary or mobile clinics to treat the children affected by malnutrition. Providing the first aid supplies. Activating the role of the health offices in the directorates and centers. Providing central backed pharmacies to help the poor. Encouraging the organizations working in the health field to implement health projects in the provinces. Supporting and stimulating the medical staff through training courses and paying their salaries in order not to leave the government hospitals to work in the private ones. Providing stationary psychological clinics for large gatherings of the displaced, and other mobile ones for the dispersed gatherings, and ensuring periodic supplement of medications for the injured.
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6.4 FOOD SECURITY AND MALNUTRITION SECTOR A. OVERVIEW There is no doubt that one out of five persons in Yemen suffers severe absence of food security and in dire need for food aid. Moreover, the security situation in Yemen is still tense as the military operations across the country have dramatically affected the capacity of the international organizations in general, and World Food Programme in particular which failed to deliver food especially to the provinces troubled with conflict. Furthermore, Chapala and Megh Cyclones have affected large parts of Yemen, especially in the southern coastal provinces of Hadhramawt, Shabwa, Al Mahrah and Socotra. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization has warned against famine aggravation in Yemen where more than 500,000 children suffer severe malnutrition. A study conducted by the World Food Programme showed that about 13 million people face severe absence of food security. 6 millions of them face emergency, as they fail to secure their daily sustenance and suffer aggravating high levels of malnutrition. Food security of 1.3 million of internally displaced Yemenis has reached the severity (the edge). Food security is one of the biggest difficulties experienced by the people; especially the displaced for most families have lost the source of their income and, thus, in very tragic situations. Some families sold out everything they own to secure the food. The displaced also sold out the aid they have got in return for low price in order to replace them with the food they need. They have the first food portion after eight months of suffering. The tragic situations were not only limited to the displaced but also directly affected the host society as they have the same damage; the source of their income, such as the farms, has ended up and most people, especially those in the border directorates have stopped working. A lot of families had to resort to begging because of the dire need for food. Women and children often beg (for money or food) in markets where they are subject to sexual and physical violence, the thing which may lead to a humanitarian crisis if not handled early. The recent finding of the comprehensive survey of food security which was conducted in March and April 2014 showed that more than 40% of the population suffer absence of food security, especially those in the rural areas where half of the population live, and one-quarter live in the urban areas. The findings also showed that malnutrition has spread in particular among the families whose breadwinner is a woman, one out of ten children suffers malnutrition, and more than one-third of the children in the countryside suffer underweight. The number of the affected families who cannot get sufficient food was about 861,458 (about 6,202,000 people) in all affected areas, with the highest number in the Province of Taiz (310,673 families), followed Bythe Province of Ibb (75,215 families). These indications are clearly connected to the number of the population in every province. Regarding the percentages, the biggest ones were in the provinces of Abyan, Socotra and Taiz with 68.6%, 66.6% and 64.9 % respectively.
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B. RESULTS The latest evens in Yemen have affected food security in almost all areas, or about 99% of the total areas. The total number of families that cannot secure their own food adequately is about 861,458 families. There are some events that led to malnutrition and loosing food security, such as: The closure of main roads that lead to some governorates, which blocked food and cooking fuel from reaching residents. The high prices became burdens on residents. The absence of basic food items and milk for children. The abruption of bakeries and restaurants because of the extreme siege. The difficulty to maintain income. The prevalence of malnutrition symptoms in children in some damaged areas. Lack of cooking fuel. The decrease of agricultural and meat production. Some workers are unable to go to work in adjacent countries, and those who did could not transfer money to their families. Rise of prices due to rise in the prices of the transfer of goods. Decrease production in fish in some districts due to lose or damage of fishing boats. Food production was also decreased due to drifting of agricultural lands. Prevalence of malnutrition among children less than 5 years in some targeted governorates.
C. RECOMMENDATIONS The distribution of food baskets are needed in 84% of damaged areas. Financial aid is needed in 12% of damaged areas. Work for food. Capacity building. Supporting micro-projects. The first choice of food items in the society prior to conflict was flour then rice. Some had requested cooking gas, which has affected nutrition in many households. Creating health clinics for children with malnutrition.
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6.5 DISPLACEMENT AND SHELTERING SECTOR A. OVERVIEW The following is the distribution of kinds of housing that residents are living in: A house or an apartment, 44.4% Partially damaged houses, 24.2% Tents or temporary shelter, 22.9% Living in groups in undesignated buildings, 7.2% According to a report by the United Nations Office for Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), the number of internally displaced in Yemen has risen since March 2015 by 9% compared to October 2014. The sixth report has stated that the number of displaced has reached 2,509,068 individuals, which is eight times more than the number in March 2015. Estimations show that the number of displaced families is 82,292. The highest percentages in displacement were in Ta’zz, Ibb, Hadhramaut and Abyin; 18%, 15%, 12%, and 10% respectively. The continuous movement of the displaced and the unstable situations has directly affected numbers and percentages. This explains the variation of numbers of displaced by UN humanitarian organizations and this survey. According to our report, 45% of displaced had returned to their home district and 55% had left to other governorates. Showing that Ta’zz, Omran, Hejja, San’a and Abyin are among the most damaged areas. These areas constituted 1.5 million displaced or 48% of the total number of the displaced in Yemen. According to a report for the year 2016, 21 million Yemenis or 82% of the total population are in need for humanitarian assistants. Among them 7.6 million are in need for urgent food assistants to stay alive. Regarding homelessness, there are 2.5 million homeless residents, which is eight times more than the number at the beginning of the conflict. Economic difficulties have start to surface, as the prices of flour has risen by 47%, and petroleum products by 273%, however, other areas witnessed an increase in prices of fuels by eight times as in Ta’zz.
B. RESULTS Residency in independent houses or apartments ranked first by the total number of displaced residents then comes people living in partially damaged houses. People who live in tents or temporary shelters are ranked third, and then people who are using undesignated buildings are fourth. New kinds of housing have surfaced such as (supermarkets, caves, outdoors, damaged houses). The report also ranked living conditions of housing: The first rank is people who complain that the house is too small or overly crowded, and then comes people who complain of the lack of essential house items as second. Thirdly, people said that the place is not appropriate to live in. Fourthly, people complained that the place was damaged and not appropriate to live in. Fifth, people said that their house or shelter located in a dangerous area.
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Results showed that two third of studied areas contain displaced people. Results for percentages of people who live according to kinds of sheltering are: staying with a friend or relative was 88%, housing in a rented place was 63%, housing at a governmental building or school were 27% and finally housing in residential buildings as groups were 34%.
C. RECOMMENDATIONS Results show that the most important needs for sheltering is providing housing, and then providing essential house items comes second, thirdly, comes providing extra shelters, then fourthly, moving sheltering to safe places, and finally improve skills so that residents could repair or build new tents. Providing water to houses. Supporting residents financially to rent houses. Providing caravans. Providing appropriate sheltering, and giving food baskets and essential house items to the displaced. Building new sheltering units so that the displaced could leave schools, in turn, students could reenroll at those schools. Providing enough food to the displaced and poor families in hosted districts. Creating permanent psychiatric clinics for the displaced and mobile clinics for the ones in remote areas with making medicine available for them. Providing construction materials for the displaced. Rehabilitating and training individuals vocationally to decrease unemployment. Supporting income-generating projects and priority for those with special needs. Providing clothes, especially for women and children. Raising awareness about gender-based violence and the dangers of child labor. Finding new markets to decrease unemployment.
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6.6 MAKING A LIVING SECTOR A. OVERVIEW Results show that farming is the main source of income, then daily workers, and then workers in the public sector, fourthly, workers in private sector, and fifthly working in grazing cattle. These results comply with previous studies. According to focus groups, living conditions in some area is difficult where most people work as daily workers, farming and grazing cattle. Employees in the governmental sector complain that their salaries do not cover essential needs. In the agricultural sector, irrigation canals were damaged, as a result, thousands of acres of banana and vegetables farms have stopped production, in addition to grazing cattle. Also fishing and commerce had stopped, leading to market depression. Reconstruction did not yet complete since the 2011 events making conditions worse. Results show that the fishing industry needs are: fishing tools, loans for fishermen, repair of boats, and provide places for storage. On the other hand, results show that needs related to grazing are: find solutions for drifting and desertification of land, mine clearing, providing veterinary medicine, training in raising and marketing animals, support the purchase of fodder and buying beehives.
B. RESULTS Results show that farming is the main source of income for people in those areas, and then comes daily workers, thirdly, public workers, fourthly, the private sector and finally grazing. It also shows the most effected sectors by the conflict are public employment, businesses, and then farming, then grazing and finally fishing. The most affected areas in this line are coastal governances (Hadhramaut, Hadida, Mahra, and Sugutry).
FISHING SECTOR: Boats and tools were damaged.
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FARMING SECTOR: It is the most effected sector taking into account: Wells damage. Lose and damage of farming tools. Damage to irrigation tools. Drifting of farming lands.
GRAZING SECTOR: Problems in farming include: Death of animals. The prevalence of new animal diseases. Damage to grazing lands. Raising the prices of fodder. Uncontrolled timbering of trees. Low rain fall and decrease in farming lands. The chance that a mine could kill a shepherd has increased. Decrease in the prices of cattle as money is needed. Lack of veterinary clinics for cattle. The absence of cattle markets.
THE EMPLOYEES AND WORKERS SECTOR: Difficulties in this sector include: No work for vocational workers. Loss of income sources. Decrease in income sources. Lack of security at places of work. The closure of markets for this kind of employment.
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C. RECOMMENDATIONS
NEEDS FOR THE FINISHING INDUSTRY: Repairing and providing new boats.
NEEDS FOR THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR: Land reforming of farming areas. Providing seeds, pesticides and fertilizers.
NEEDS FOR THE GAZING SECTOR: Buying new cattle. Training and capacity building for veterinary workers. Finding solutions for drifting and desertification of farming lands. Clearing mines in grazing areas. Providing medicine for cattle. Training individuals to be able to sell and raise animals. Supporting buying fodder.
NEEDS FOR THE WORKERS AND EMPLOYEES SECTOR: Establishing small income-generating projects. Repairing of factories and small facilities. Decreasing unemployment through “money for work.
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