Pheon issue 31 by Sidney Sussex College

Pheon

The magazine for alumni and friends of Sidney Sussex College edition 31 summer 2013

INTERVIEW WITH THE NEW MASTER BURMA’S PAST AND ITS FUTURE THE ANTIQUITIES TRADE IN 19TH-CENTURY GREECE SIDNEY AND GEOGRAPHY Pheon Issue 31.indd 1

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pheon n summer 2013 n from the master

From the Master

3–4 Sidney News

I am delighted to be writing the foreword for this issue of Pheon, my first as Master of Sidney Sussex College. When I first joined Sidney in 1983 to study Engineering and Electrical Sciences, I could not imagine that I would be back here 30 years later and writing as Master. It is a great honour and I look forward to serving the Fellows, students and staff of the College to the best of my ability over the next 10 years. In the time since I joined the College there have been many changes, both in the University but also in the wider world. One of the striking changes has been the increasingly global reach of Cambridge, which now supports a truly international population of students and academics, and is represented around the world by a global community of alumni. Indeed, here at Sidney our alumni are scattered far and wide, residing in over 40 different countries. It is this international flavour that has in part influenced this edition of Pheon. Geography has traditionally been a strong subject at Sidney and it is wonderful to showcase in this issue the work of some of our current undergraduate students who have been undertaking research for their third-year dissertations. In addition, Dr Janice Stargardt, who works on the historical geography and archaeology of South and South East Asia, has written about her current archaeological research in Burma, complemented by Professor James Mayall’s insight into the current political situation there. I am also pleased to introduce a contribution on the history of the antiquities trafficking trade by Dr Yannis Galanakis, who joined the College in 2013. Despite the distance that may separate alumni from Sidney, more individuals are making a gift than ever before. We are approaching the end of the College’s financial year, during which around 600 people have supported the College with a philanthropic gift. I am extremely grateful that alumni, even in the far-flung places where they live, still have the affection for Sidney that brings them to support our work. I hope that increasing numbers of alumni will consider making a donation to support our fundraising priorities in the months and years ahead.

Contact Us Development & Membership Office Sidney Sussex College Cambridge cb2 3hu Tel: +44 (0)1223 338881 Email: alumni@sid.cam.ac.uk www.sid.cam.ac.uk

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Interview: Professor Richard Penty

6–7 Burma’s Past and Its Future

8–9 Sidney and Geography

10–11 Writing a History of the Antiquities Trade in 19th-century Greece

12–13 Development News

14–15 Alumni Event Reports

16 Forthcoming Alumni Events

Richard Penty Master

Pheon Edition 31, Summer 2013 Guest Editor: Sally Simmons Pheon Editor: Hannah Williamson Front Cover: Landsat infrared image of Sri Ksetra, Burma, January 2003

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Editorial management by Cambridge Editorial www.camedit.com Designed by Paul Barrett Book Production www.pbbp.co.uk Print management by H2 Associates, Cambridge www.h2adesign.co.uk Printed on chlorine-free 55% recycled fibre from both pre- and postconsumer sources together with 45% FSC certified virgin fibre from well-managed forests. Printed with vegetable-based ink.

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Sidney News

Sidney Sussex College is delighted to announce the election of Professor Richard Penty MA, PhD, FREng, as its 27th Master to succeed Professor Andrew WallaceHadrill. Professor Penty is currently a Fellow and Vice-Master of Sidney Sussex College and a distinguished electrical and electronic engineer. The College looks forward to welcoming Richard, his wife Victoria and their children to the heart of Sidney. To read more about Professor Penty, please see page 5.

Sidney Sussex College Festival of Football 2013 On 23 May four teams of Sidney Sussex College footballers, past and present, descended on Villa Park for the hotly anticipated Sidney Sussex College Festival of Football 2013. The hybrid team of current Sidney students and staff unfortunately lost out at the semi-final stage, despite promising play and the intimidating presence of Porter Maurice Flack between the sticks. In the end a cagey final was won by Paul Swinney’s (Economics, 2004) 2003–7 Old Boys XI on penalties against the 1997–2000 Slightly Older Boys XI, captained by Aston Villa chief executive Paul Faulkner (History, 1997). Many thanks to Paul for organising the wonderful afternoon, and allowing those of us still with faint dreams of making it as a professional footballer to play on a Premier League ground. Matt Lubel (Maths, 2011)

Dr Amalio FernándezPacheco coaches Basketball Team to Varsity Victory Cambridge’s basketball team recently triumphed 93–68 in their annual battle against Oxford, their first win in the fixture since 2005. The victorious team was coached by College Teaching Associate in Natural Sciences, Dr Amalio Fernández-Pacheco, a post-doctoral research associate in the Thin Film Magnetism Group at the Department of Physics. Dr Fernández-Pacheco writes, ‘I’ve been coaching basketball for 17 years, the last three in Cambridge. This season I became the head coach of the Men’s Blues team, and after an excellent league tournament we won the Varsity game, the first time since 2005. I’m really happy about it: my team was fantastic, playing the best basketball of the season for this very special match, which shows the winning character of my players. Tactically I prepared very carefully for the match, which helped us to beat Oxford comfortably by 25 points. The atmosphere in Cambridge was fantastic. It was a very special moment.’

Honour for Sidney Lawyer Professor Sir Alan Dashwood has been appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in the Queen’s Birthday Honours List. Arriving in Cambridge in 1995, Dashwood is Professor Emeritus in the Faculty of Law and Emeritus Fellow of Sidney Sussex College. He is also a Barrister in Henderson Chambers, a

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Bencher of the Inner Temple and took Silk in 2010. He specialises in the law of the European Union, and appears regularly in proceedings before the Court of Justice of the EU. At the invitation of the FCO, he led a team of Cambridge lawyers in drafting a model EU Constitution, as a contribution to the work of the Convention on the Future of Europe.

The Cambridge University basketball team, winners of the Varsity match

Image credit: Dr Amalio Fernández-Pacheco

New Master for Sidney

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pheon n summer 2013 n sidney news

A beautiful and functional living willow bridge has recently been built to span a ditch in Cow Hollow Wood, Waterbeach, following a collaborative project between the Woodland Trust and the Department of Architecture. Designed and installed by a team including Sidney architect Michael Ramage, the bridge was built by weaving together locally coppiced white willow and osier. The work included 175 hours of volunteer work, much of it from Cambridge Architecture students who also played an integral part in the design process. The final stage in the process will be to add handrails, following which the bridge will be complete – free from any concrete or metal.

Image courtesy of Michael Ramage

The Winding of the Willows at Cow Hollow Wood

The living willow bridge at Cow Hollow Wood

Sidney Chefs Cook up Success at UK Hospitality Show

Head Chef Stephen Mather, working with chocolate

From 21 to 23 January 2013 Sidney chefs were at The NEC Birmingham to compete against the UK’s best at The Hospitality Show, a national event that included the Salon Culinaire and British Open Cookery Championships. Head Chef Stephen Mather – who is now officially a Master Chocolatier – achieved a bronze for his display of six varieties of petits fours, beating chefs from a range of prestigious venues. Robert Blackwell also entered a set of chocolates and received a merit. The glass cabinets at the entrance to the cafeteria now house displays of sample chocolates. Recently, this even included a large chocolate in the shape of a pineapple. Brian Girdlestone received a merit for his contribution to the Alaska Seafood Challenge, where he had 30 minutes to prepare, cook and present two plated portions of wild salmon. Robert Blackwell and Johnny Bridgeman also entered the Schwartz Chef Flavour Pairing Challenge, using selected flavourings to produce a two-course meal for two. They each received a merit for their efforts.

12th-Century Recipes Found in Sidney’s Manuscript Collections Durham University scholars have unearthed some near-900year-old recipes in a manuscript from the College’s archive collection. The manuscript in question, MS51, completed in Latin in Durham Priory around 1140, came to Sidney through Samuel Ward, who was himself born in County Durham. Ward became

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a Fellow of Sidney Sussex in 1599 and Master of the College in 1610. The researchers believe that the recipes in the manuscript predate the earliest known extant recipes by 150 years. With support from one of Durham’s restaurants, the team will be trying out some of the recipes.

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Interview: Professor Richard Penty In Lent 2013, Professor Richard Penty was elected the 27th Master of Sidney Sussex, and will succeed Andrew Wallace-Hadrill in July. I sat down with him on an unseasonably cold May day in his C-staircase office. It was spacious and mostly bare, giving the impression of an efficient man. I began by asking him about his time as a Sidney undergraduate in the 80s.

ELIAS WYNSHAW: Before you knew anything about the College, what was it that appealed to you about it? PROFESSOR RICHARD PENTY: I wanted to come to Cambridge to do a general engineering degree. I did a bit of research on the sort of college I wanted to go to. I wanted to go to one of the more traditional, central colleges, one with a reasonable engineering reputation. But also, Sidney came 0ver as being quite progressive, because, of course, it was one of the first traditional male colleges to admit women. And, you know, all the unofficial handbooks used to put Sidney down as being small and friendly, which I guess hasn’t changed at all in the succeeding 30 years. EW: In what ways has Sidney changed in your time here? RVP: What has probably changed is that the pastoral side has expanded. In the old days, you had to ask for help. No one really looked to see if you were struggling; you get looked after better now. The opportunities available are different now as well. They used mainly to revolve around sport, which suited me because I quite enjoyed sport, even though I wasn’t very good at it, but didn’t suit everyone. I think there’s now a much broader range of things people can do, and the College now recognises that there are things outside sport and academic work, including broader educational things like the Sidney Greats lectures. As an engineer, I get to go to these and find out about Wagner, which wouldn’t happen anywhere else, really. EW: As a Sidney undergraduate, one of the things that I’m particularly proud of in this College is that it seems to lead the way in letting people in from different backgrounds. How do we balance access with excellence as an academic institution?

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RVP: Clearly what we want to do is admit the best students, and that means that we need to encourage people who possibly wouldn’t think of applying here in the first place. We need to make sure that they’re not put off by financial considerations, such as the new £9,000 tuition fee, and we need to recognise that some people don’t have the same opportunities as others. EW: So you see access not as a question of lowering standards but of throwing a wider net. RVP: Absolutely. We’re trying to get the people who will be best at the end of their course rather than those with the best academic results at the beginning. It’s the potential of people that I want to see maximised. Not everyone will become famous for their academic work. Some will become famous for what they did when they weren’t working. EW: Once they’ve moved on from Sidney, how would you encourage alumni to stay involved? RVP: I think I said to the freshers at the beginning of the year that, once you’ve matriculated, you’re a member for life – unless you do something really, really bad! As an alumnus you’re welcome to come back whenever you want – dine in hall, stay in the guest rooms – and we hope they’ll remember Sidney with affection. More officially, we do have the reunions every 10 years. Mine was in June. EW: I’d like to ask about the rumour that’s been flying around that you invented the laser mouse. RVP: Well, what we were trying to do was to invent a better laser printer but it turned out that what we invented was applicable to what was then a simpler form of optical mouse. I was one of the inventors of something that makes that more precise, rather than the whole concept. EW: What can Sidneyites expect to see you doing when you’re not working? RVP: The two main things I do to relax when I get the time is reading and running. I’m not a very fast runner, though. They say you can tell it’s a rugby prop running by the expression on his face and it’s the same with me. Elias Wynshaw (English 2012)

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pheon n summer 2013 n burma’s past and its future

Burma’s Past and Its Future Archaeological Research in Burma Dr Janice Stargardt is a Fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Director of Studies in Archaeology and Anthropology, and formerly Director of Studies in Geography. In June 2013, she was Visiting Professor in South East Asian Archaeology in the Department of Archaeology, University of Yangon [Rangoon], supported by the Open Society Foundations.

urma is the most strategically located country in Asia, having land borders with India, China, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos, while only a short gap separates its southern limits from West Malaysia. Stretching from the Himalayas to the Isthmus of the Malay Peninsula, Burma embraces a great diversity of environments, cultures and languages in a territory equal to the size of France plus the United Kingdom. Its twin characteristics are centrality and diversity. Most of Burma’s ethnic groups and languages have affinities with the Chinese world, belonging mainly to the TibetoBurman and Sino-Thai groups. But from the second to first centuries BCE, India, through the outward spread of Buddhism and both religious and scientific knowledge in the Pali and Sanskrit languages, has exercised a deep influence on the cultures of Burma. The country’s archaeology reflects the complex character of its location. In the far north, its high valleys and plateaux have yielded fossil remains of rare primates and possible habitats for the domestication of rice. Its great river plains – the Irrawaddy, Chindwin and Samon rivers – in Central Burma became the theatre of early urban life from the second century BCE and were to remain the location of the bulk of the population and most royal capitals until the impact of colonialism in the mid-19th century. Paradoxically, Central Burma is a very low rainfall area, but these rivers and their tributaries could draw on a resource independent of local rains: the snow melting from the Himalayas. Some of the milestones of the early centuries CE are the emergence in Burma of the earliest cities in South East Asia as a whole, between the second century BCE and the first century CE. Owing to the inhabitants’ skills in water harvesting and fortification, these cities were not only the first but also the most enduring in South East Asia: they were continuously occupied for most of the first millennium CE. Three huge Pyu

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Landsat infrared image of Sri Ksetra, January 2003 cities have been studied in some detail so far: Halin (5 km2 inside its walls); Beikthano (9 km2 inside its walls); and Sri Ksetra (18 km2 inside its walls). Others are now being excavated and studied. All Pyu cities seem to have depended on water harvesting for their development. Moats, canals, tanks and ponds were integral features of their urban landscapes, parts of which were dedicated to irrigated and fortified gardens, orchards and ricefields, while other sectors contained monumental clusters, markets and habitations. Notable events occurred in Pyu cultural life as well, since they were the earliest societies in South East Asia to adopt Buddhism, integrating it into their elaborate pre-Buddhist mortuary cults. The Pyu were also the first people in South East Asia to devise a written form of their non-Indic, vernacular tonal language by adopting and adapting Indian scripts to their needs. These momentous changes had taken place by the fourth and fifth centuries CE. I have played a part in Burmese archaeological research since 1968. In addition to studies of Pyu Buddhist and funerary culture and their inscriptions, I discovered the ancient irrigation works of the three Pyu cities through a combination of aerial and field surveys between 1986 and 1989.1 This aspect of my research continues, with the recent development (with

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colleagues) of new treatments of satellite images to enhance the visibility of the ancient irrigation works still present and partly active in the contemporary landscape.2 The outstanding cultural importance of the Pyu sites has led to the nomination of the three Pyu ancient cities for inclusion in the World Heritage List,3 which is also a testimony to the devotion of the Burmese archaeologists to the cultural heritage of their country. In the satellite image, red areas represent those with high moisture and organic matter, while black is surface water. A mountain range runs along the left side; immediately below it, the circular area of the ancient city of Sri Ksetra is defined by several rings of moats and walls, except on the right side, which was originally fortified by a great tank. The red rectangle near the centre of the city was the ancient palace or citadel and further canals can be discerned both inside and outside the ancient walls. The medieval Pagan kingdom was heir and successor to the many achievements of the Pyu, including their irrigation works. In the 11th century CE, the great kings of Pagan claimed

to have ruled at Sri Ksetra in a previous Buddhist incarnation. This reflects the iconic status Pyu culture had attained at a time when Pagan was the largest Buddhist city in the world. Dr Janice Stargardt Fellow and Director of Studies in Archaeology and Anthropology js119@cam.ac.uk 1 J. Stargardt 1990: The Ancient Pyu of Burma; Early Pyu Cities in a Man-Made Landscape. Cambridge & Singapore. 2 J. Stargardt, G. Amable and B. Devereux 2012: ‘Irrigation is Forever: a study of the post-destruction movement of water across the ancient site of Sri Ksetra, Central Burma,’ in Lasaponara, R. & Masini, N. (eds.) Satellite Remote Sensing: a new tool for Archaeology 16. Dordrecht, Springer, Ch. 11; J. Stargardt and G. Amable 2013: ‘Water in the Ancient City: a new method of satellite surveys of irrigation works at Sri Ksetra, Burma,’ SEAMEO-SPAFA International Conference on South East Asian Archaeology, Burapha University, Thailand, May 2013. 3 Ministry of Culture, Union of Myanmar: The Nomination Dossier of the Three Pyu Ancient Cities to the World Heritage Organisation. Nay Py Daw, January 2013 (the author was General Editor and contributor).

Burma and the British – One that Got Away By the old Moulmein Pagoda, lookin’ lazy at the sea, There’s a Burma girl a-settin’, and I know she thinks o’ me; For the wind is in the palm-trees, and the temple bells they say: ‘Come you back, you British soldier; come you back to Mandalay!’

ipling apparently claimed to have hardly noticed the old Moulmein Pagoda, when he made a brief stop over in Burma en route to the United States in 1889: he could not take his eyes off ‘the pretty almondcoloured girl’ whom he later dreamed of on his arm, laughing and jesting ‘as a young maiden ought’. His much-loved poem, set to music, became a music-hall favourite and part of the nostalgic folklore of the British Empire. But Burma itself, unlike the other countries of South Asia, all of which joined the Commonwealth, disappeared below the horizon, only surfacing from time to time, as when Aung San Suu Kyi, under house arrest in Rangoon, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991. It was her father who had negotiated Burma’s independence with the British Prime Minister, Clement Atlee, and it was after his assassination that popular anti-British sentiment led to the country’s 60 years of self-imposed isolation. Yet, as Janice Stargardt reminds us in her fascinating note on her archaeological research on ancient Pyu cities, Burma is the most strategically located country in Asia. As her own work demonstrates, it was possible to do scholarly research on Burma (or Myanmar as it is officially called these days) even when conditions were very difficult, but it is its strategic location, particularly in the context of the rise of India and China and their competition with each other and with the western powers, which is finally opening the country up more widely and drawing it back into international society.

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Aung San Suu Kyi herself was released from house arrest in 2010 and now sits in Parliament along with 42 colleagues from the National League for Democracy. At the end of May 2013, President Thein Sein visited Washington, the first Burmese head of state to do so since the military dictator General Ne Win in 1966. In the context of American anxieties about Chinese maritime policy in the South and East China seas, it is a fair bet that the Americans will have sweetened their support for his reform programme with material incentives. So the omens are encouraging but formidable problems remain. Suu Kyi herself will not be able to stand for the Presidency without a constitutional change; the ceasefires with many insurgent groups are welcome but, as The New York Times put it recently, ‘amount only to pressing the pause button on conflict’; and the terrible plight of the Muslim Rohingyas, stripped of their citizenship in 1982 and wrongly viewed by many Burmese as illegal Bengali immigrants, seems to be getting worse, not better. Sidney is fortunate not only to have a scholar of Janice Stargardt’s stature in the Fellowship to bring us up to date on research into Burma’s rich classical civilisation, but to have recently had a visiting Pavate Fellow, Dr Sanjay Pulipaka, who is an expert in modern Myanmar to keep us abreast of these developments. Sanjay is currently a Programme Fellow at the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations in New Delhi. His writings on Myanmar and South East Asia can be accessed via the Council’s website www.icrier. org/icrier_wadhwani. Professor James Mayall Emeritus Fellow in International Relations jblm2@cam.ac.uk

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pheon n summer 2013 n sidney and geography

Sidney and Geography Geography has a long tradition at Cambridge and at Sidney. The undergraduate Tripos retains a compulsory Part II dissertation, which allows all Geography students to conduct independent research. Here, two of our third-year Geographers introduce their dissertations.

uring the 2012 vacations, I was lucky enough to benefit from a Chorley Fund travel grant, which helped to fund a three-week trip to Rome. As well as being an excellent opportunity to do some sightseeing at the various historic landmarks, the main purpose of the trip was to conduct research for my undergraduate dissertation. My dissertation aims to explore the responses to Rome of British tourists from 1760 to 1830, in order to understand how impressions of tourist destinations were formed, and to what extent they were influenced by guide books. The British School at Rome houses an extensive collection of travel literature, and it was here that I spent the majority of my time. Being able to dedicate three full weeks to collecting information was invaluable, and meant that I was able to access a wide variety of sources in one place. By the time I returned home I had a wealth of information that I was ready to analyse. Although I have not yet completed my dissertation, the travel literature has revealed some very interesting insights into historical tourism. While the influence of popular guide books is obvious, what is more striking is the impact of perceptions of home and the British Empire. The narrative of Rome as faded and pitiful in comparison with the might of the Empire at the time often clouded tourists’ judgements and affected their experiences. While being in the library was of course a priority, the Chorley Fund grant allowed me to spend some extra time in Rome. This meant I was able to learn my way around the city and also spend time exploring the Forum, Colosseum, Vatican, Pantheon and other historic attractions. I was also able to go a little off the beaten track, travelling to The reading room, British Ostia for a day to explore School at Rome

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the extensive and remarkably intact ruins of the ancient port. Being able to get to know Rome was invaluable and has really helped in writing my dissertation. It is much easier to write about a city when you have had a chance to experience it fully. Noami Cohen-Lask (2010)

y dissertation centres on studying whether the Internet will challenge or strengthen a bounded, diasporic community. My research focused on an ultra-Orthodox Jewish community known as Satmar within Williamsburg, New York City, where I spent three weeks collecting data. The Satmar community of Williamsburg has attempted to remain both isolated and unaltered while living in a diasporic host city. Ethno-religious communities located outside their homeland are often faced with the challenge of assimilation. More recently, however, the Internet, a fundamental factor in our ever-increasing global interconnectedness, has been posited as a new challenge for community bonding and survival. I used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to analyse the characteristics and means by which this community remains culturally distinct and segregated in a host city. I interviewed both men and women and Satmar Jews of all ages in order to produce data that were representative of the community as a whole. Using the data collected, my dissertation also focuses on assessing to what extent the Internet poses a new challenge to the community’s segregation and survival. To reach a conclusion, it also became necessary to speak to those who had left the community to determine whether the Internet had affected their decision. My research concludes that while many Satmar Jews consider the Internet a challenge, they are finding ways to adapt to its increased permeation into the community, highlighting the possibility of remaining segregated within an interconnected world. More significantly, however, there is evidence of Satmar Jews disowning their own community after becoming increasingly part of what Manuel Castells, a Spanish sociologist, referred to in 2001 as the new ‘network society’. While the future for this Satmar community cannot be stated, there is a unanimous acknowledgement that the Internet is threatening its cohesion, trust and survival. My study cannot predict the outcome for Satmar communities or generalise from Satmar to other communities. However, it is clear that the challenges from the Internet for communities like the Satmar Jews are real, significant and unprecedented. Hannah Levy (2010)

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The Chorley Society Alumni and friends of the College will be pleased to read that the Geography society is moving from strength to strength. Formerly known as the Vidal de la Blache Society, we were renamed in 2003 after the late Professor Richard Chorley, former Vice-Master and Fellow of Sidney for 40 years. Dick Chorley was a well-known and highly respected figure around College, and one of the most influential geographers of the 20th century. It is in his honour that the society has continued to grow, providing a platform for discussion, collaboration and social events for students, Fellows and alumni alike. Our twice-termly speaker events allow students and Fellows to learn about and discuss a broad variety of topics with academics from both within and outside Cambridge. Subjects this year ranged from Burmese politics to ecosystem development, and from drug trials in South Africa to the history of environmental thought. These fascinating talks allow us to explore themes that go beyond the undergraduate course, demonstrating the breadth of issues that Geography encompasses and its ongoing relevance in a changing world. They also give students the opportunity to develop their own interests in more detail, and to learn more about the practical ities of academic research. This is particularly useful for undergraduate dissertations, which students carry out during the Long Vacation between second and third year. They are an excellent opportunity for students to investigate an issue that is of particular interest to them, and to develop the skills and reasoning necessary for academic research. The topics students choose are as diverse as Geography itself. Recent dissertations have studied

The Chorley Society, 2012

conservation in Borneo and the impacts of smartphone technology in cities. The Chorley Society is keen to encourage students to explore their research interests as much as possible during their dissertations with financial assistance from the Chorley Fund. Finally, a word on the highlight of the Chorley calendar. Our Annual Dinner, which takes place during Lent Term, sees students, Fellows and alumni gather for a black-tie event in the Old Library. Always a delightful occasion, it allows geographers past and present to meet, reminisce and discuss their experiences of Geography, both within and beyond university. The evening is always well attended by current and former students, and we would be delighted to welcome back any Geography alumni who would like to attend next year. To be kept in touch about Chorley Society events please email me at jcd57@cam.ac.uk. Jen Durrant (2011) Chorley Society President (2012–13)

The Richard Chorley Fund The Richard Chorley Fund was established in 2002 to support the study of Geography at Sidney. It provides the resources for the Richard Chorley Prize, which acknowledges excellence in Part II of the Geographical Tripos, but it is primarily used to help our undergraduates meet the costs associated with their Part II dissertations. Although there are some funds available from the Department and elsewhere, it is rare that these meet all the costs of conducting research. Many students will conduct 3–6 weeks of fieldwork, with costs often in excess of £1,000 for overseas research. There are comparatively few funds for UK-based dissertations, so the actual cost to students conducting domestic research can still be significant. In recent years our grants have been modest, at around £100, and, while even a small sum is useful, in many instances they make quite a limited contribution to the cost of research.

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The Chorley Society continues to grow and develop, and to supplement the activities of the Society I would like to use the Fund to establish an annual Richard Chorley Lecture. This would not only help support our current students beyond the Tripos but together with resources for dissertations would also show outstanding potential applicants the active and supportive nature of Geography at Sidney. And rather than limit our events to current students, it would be wonderful to include alumni. Indeed if any of you are visiting College, perhaps to dine in Hall, and would like to talk about Geography past, present and future, then do please get in touch. Dr David Beckingham 1596 Foundation Fellow and Director of Studies in Geography djb79@cam.ac.uk

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pheon n summer 2013 n writing a history of the antiquities trade in 19th-century greece

Writing a History of the Antiquities Trade in 19th-Century Greece Before joining Sidney in January 2013 as University Lecturer and Fellow in Classics, Dr Yannis Galanakis was at the ‘other place’ for 12 years. Following his studies there, he worked for five years as Curator for the Bronze Age Greek collections and the Sir Arthur Evans archive at the Ashmolean Museum. As part of his museum work, Dr Galanakis was responsible for the new permanent gallery of the Aegean World in the redeveloped Ashmolean. His latest book, The Aegean World: A Guide to the Cycladic, Minoan and Mycenaean Antiquities in the Ashmolean Museum, has just been published. He is currently directing the publication of a number of old excavations in Greece and working on a monograph on CLW Merlin – Her Britannic Majesty’s consul in Piraeus in the 19th century and a major provider of Greek antiquities for the British Museum. Most recently, Yannis has been awarded the prestigious Samuel H. Kress Lectureship of the Archaeological Institute of America (AIA) for 2014–15 for his work in Aegean archaeology and the 19th-century antiquities trade. He will address 13 universities and societies of the AIA in the USA and Canada.

am an archaeologist by training and I have a background in Classics. In the museum, I developed a strong interest in the dissemination of knowledge along the lines of ‘how we know what we know about the past’ and the role of archaeology in shaping the understanding we have (or think we have) about antiquity – and subsequently the role of our interpretation of antiquity in present political debates and current thinking. I became increasingly interested in learning more about the objects that surrounded me in the museum. Instead of focusing on the objects themselves, however, I wanted to learn more about the people behind the objects – not so much the ancient people, but the not-so-distant people who excavated, sourced and trafficked the objects outside the country where they had originally discovered them. This is how my project emerged on Tomb Robbers, Art Dealers, and the Trafficking of Antiquities: Archaeology in 19th -century Greece. My main aim is to give voice to the local protagonists of the antiquities trade. For a long time emphasis was placed on the great European museums, the grand collectors or the objects themselves. The locals, despite being vital in the procurement of antiquities, were largely ignored. Surprisingly, the main source of information for reconstructing the antiquities trade remains unstudied and has hitherto been little explored. There are thousands of letters across every European museum

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A family of tomb hunters at the Isthmus of Corinth (The Illustrated London News, 21 April 1877, page 364, sketch by William Simpson). providing a remarkably rich body of evidence for writing the history of the 19th-century antiquities trade. These letters form the main source of information for my research. They offer vivid insights into the conduct of private (i.e. not statecontrolled) excavations, the discovery of objects, the value of things, the shifting attitudes to the collection, conservation and display of antiquities as well as the production and circulation of numerous forgeries. My case study is Greece 1834–99 – the period of the country’s first antiquities law (among the earliest cultural heritage acts in Europe). Why was such a law necessary? What did it actually say? Was it implemented? How did antiquities dealers operate and organise their trade within its framework? These are some of the questions my research is trying to address and find answers for. The period under discussion is fascinating, politically and archaeologically – not just for Greece, which emerged as a modern state from within the Ottoman Empire in 1830, but for Europe and the wider world. It is during this period that several new states were founded, nationalism and colonialism strengthened, and while some empires disintegrated, others managed to maintain or even increase their power. At the same time, archaeology was transformed into a structured discipline and grand-scale excavation projects began across the Mediterranean. With the advent of systematic tourism, the sourcing and trafficking of smaller, portable antiquities increased dramatically alongside the professionalisation of the art market and the popularisation of the past through museum displays. It was this revitalised demand in antiquities, alongside the political transformation of Europe, that resulted in the drafting of laws and governmental acts dealing specifically with the excavation, stewardship and exportation of antiquities.

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writing a history of the antiquities trade in 19th-century greece n summer 2013 n pheon

I am currently preparing a monograph on the history of the 19th-century antiquities trade in Greece based on the letters of art dealers and the agents of major European museums stationed in Athens. With my study, I hope to give a snippet of the country’s rich social, political and economic history of the time. More importantly, I would like this work to air the stories of the main protagonists and the different voices they had over the 19th-century ‘cultural heritage’ debate. Although it is difficult in such a short contribution to review the stories of all these people, three observations serve as a summary of the main outcomes of my ongoing research. First, similar to the situation in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries, the antiquities trade in Greece – not antiquarianism – played a crucial role in the systematic development of archaeology as a discipline. Second, the drafting of cultural heritage legislation, alongside the antiquities trade, and the publicising through the press of the ‘illicit trafficking of antiquities’, especially from the 1870s onwards, was a crucial determinant in informing and shaping further the modern Greek identity and its relationship with the past. Third, private excavators and

antiquities dealers formed the largest and most prolific group of proto-archaeologists in Greece – their operations, as one would expect, ranged from legal to quasi-legal and completely illegal. Yet a number of those involved in the antiquities trade developed real interests in the advancement of knowledge and the more systematic exploration of the past, often making the distinction between ‘looter’ and ‘archaeologist’ in the second half of the 19th century as much semantic as anything else. The archives of museums still contain remarkable and as yet untold stories of the people involved in the antiquities trade, whose experiences all warrant research. It is these people and their stories that can now help us write an important chapter in modern European history that highlights how the commodification of the past became inextricably interwoven with power politics, gave rise to different collecting attitudes and to debates on cultural property, ownership and the value of ancient things in our modern world. Dr Yannis Galanakis Fellow in Classics ig298@cam.ac.uk

On 5 August 1711, Zacharias Conrad von Uffenbach inspected a head in Sidney, not Cromwell’s – that he had already seen in London – but what he described as a ‘cranium petrefactum, or rather an incrustatum’, the skull of a child encrusted in travertine. In 1995 Professor Thurstan Shaw (1933) arranged for the skull to be examined by the Natural History Museum. A sample of bone was removed for accelerator dating, which produced a result of 3225 ± 65 BP, making it Holocene in age and chiefly of interest as an example of rapid fossilisation. In terms of Minoan chronology it belongs to the post-palatial phase of Cretan civilisation. It is also worth noting that this skull constitutes the earliest example of fossilised human remains being acquired by an English public collection. How did the head come to Sidney? Its provenance is recorded on a note pasted inside the elaborately carved Jacobean box in which it was presented. It was found some 10 feet below ground during the digging of a well near Candia (the present-day Heraklion) in Crete, and brought to England in 1627 by Captain William Stevens (b. 1581) of Rotherhithe, one of the Elder Brothers of Trinity House, Deptford, the body regulating pilotage and maintaining beacons and other navigational aids. The box is perhaps the work of one of the shipwrights of Rotherhithe or Deptford. Why did Stevens choose to present the skull to Sidney? The impetus must have come from the rector of Rotherhithe, Thomas Gataker (1574–1654), one of the first Fellows of Sidney. Although he had resigned his fellowship in 1600, he retained an interest in the College, corresponding with Samuel Ward. He would have seen the skull as a suitable subject for scientific investigation.

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Image credit: Martyn Chillmaid

From the Archives: The Cretan Skull

Kept together with the head, when Uffenbach saw it, was a note from William Harvey thanking Samuel Ward for the loan of the head. The letter, written by Harvey in a stereotypically medical, near illegible hand, reports that King Charles I, to whom Harvey showed the head, ‘wondered att it & look’d content to see soe rare a thinge’. He stated that he returned it ‘to that place where it may for the instruction of men heare after be conserved’. It must be admitted that, by comparing Uffenbach’s close description with the present state of the skull, one fragment has been lost, perhaps given away as a curio. A pre-war photograph of the Old Library shows that it was kept on a table at one end of the room. Then it was a survivor of the early modern cabinets of curiosities. Now it is better appreciated for its scientific and historic importance in the history of collecting. Nicholas Rogers Archivist archivist@sid.cam.ac.uk

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pheon n summer 2013 n development news

Development News Gabriel Horn – Student Support Fund for Natural Sciences & Medicine The College has recently established the Gabriel Horn fund to provide financial support to members of Sidney Sussex College studying Natural Sciences, Medicine or Veterinary Medicine. It will create an enduring memorial

to Professor Gabriel Horn with a permanent prize for the top-performing student in these fields, and in time will support an undergraduate Bursary as well as providing Study Grants, Hardship Funds and Medical Electives.

Student Accommodation at Sidney In line with one of the College’s three main priorities – ‘to enhance our students’ experience at Sidney by providing excellent facilities’ – one of our most important responsibilities is ensuring that our students are provided with high-quality accommodation during their time at the College so that they have the freedom to concentrate on their studies. Many of our alumni have fond memories of their time at Sidney and we are very aware of the strong sense of community spirit that comes from the relatively compact nature of the College site. The College’s most recent accommodation project – indeed Sidney’s last capital project – was completed in 2005 at a total cost of £6m. With a generous leadership donation from Mrs Kyoko Gledhill, we were able to modernise Blundell Court, our 1960s student accommodation block. Not only were the existing 71 student rooms refurbished and converted to en-suite rooms, with the addition of an entire new floor of student accommodation we were able to increase capacity by a further 19 student rooms to allow for a growing student community. This new addition was named the ‘Gledhill Skyline’ in honour of Kyoko’s late husband, David Gledhill (Economics, 1955).

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For a number of years, Sidney has been fortunate enough to be able to lease six houses on Portugal Street. However, the lease on these houses expires in 2018 leaving the College with a need to replace the 44 rooms in order simply to retain our current student numbers. While this has proved challenging in many ways, it has forced the College to think creatively about its accommodation needs and has provided us with an opportunity to redevelop some of the buildings closer to the main College site to provide student accommodation. The College has an ambitious three-stage plan to replace the 44 rooms that will be lost in Portugal Street and to extend our available accommodation. • Stage 1 (now complete) was the creation of 15 new student rooms in an existing building on the main site and encompassed the new MCR in the old Galloway & Porter building. • Stage 2 is the conversion of the upper floors in Sidney House to create up to 30 new rooms. • Stage 3 will be the conversion of the upper floors of 26–29 Sidney Street creating a further 29 rooms. Sidney House, on the corner of Sussex Street, is currently occupied by businesses. As leases have gradually expired the College has decided that, given its close proximity to the main College site, it would be a perfect opportunity to replace the rooms that we will be losing in Portugal Street. In total, these three projects will cost £6.1m and will create 74 new rooms, replacing the 44 rooms in Portugal Street and creating additional rooms on the main site. Of the £6.1m project costs, the College will fund £3m from its own resources, and is seeking to raise £3.1m from philanthropic sources from our alumni and friends. If you would like to know more please contact Bill Abraham, Development Director, on +44 (0)1223 338864 or bill.abraham.sid.cam.ac.uk

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development news n summer 2013 n pheon

1596 Foundation The 1596 Foundation was established to recognise the College’s most generous benefactors. In that time membership of the Foundation has continued to grow and at the most recent gathering of the Foundation we were delighted to be able to induct six new members, taking the overall membership to 100. Given the recent rises in the cost of higher education in the UK, we were pleased that each of our new members chose to make a gift to support initiatives at Sidney that will help to ease the financial burden on our current and prospective

students. Our newest inductees included Professor Sir Tom Blundell and Lady Lynn Blundell, who supported the new Gabriel Horn Student Support fund for Natural Sciences and Medicine students. We were also pleased to

admit Carol Vorderman (Engineering, 1978) to the 1596 Foundation for her strong support of Engineering at Sidney and her creation of the Donald Green Fund Bursary for students beginning study in 2013–14.

Development and Membership Office Staff Changes In the past three years there have been many changes to the Development and Membership Office, but happily one face has provided continuity as the first point of contact for many Sidney alumni over the past 23 years, that of Wendy Hedley. Wendy joined the College in 1990 as Appeals Secretary when the ‘Membership Office’ was just a student room in Blundell Court. Wendy subsequently worked with all three of the College’s previous Development Directors, Ted Wood, Kristen Greenway and Zoe Swenson-Wright. Wendy will be retiring this summer and we are sure that all our alumni and friends will wish her well in her retirement, having served the alumni community of Sidney with dedication and good humour for such a long time. To ensure a seamless transition of the alumni relations programme, we are delighted to welcome Jacqueline Boyle to the team as Membership and Events Officer. Jacqueline was previously the Bursary and HR Assistant, working closely with the Bursar, and is already familiar with the inner workings of the College, having organised a number of College events. Speaking of her appointment, Jacqueline said, ‘I am very much looking forward to meeting alumni and friends of Sidney at future events and continuing to build upon the excellent work done by Wendy.’

The John Thornely Fund The John Thornely Fund was established in order to meet both the teaching and financial support needs for students reading Law at Sidney. Thanks to the generosity of alumni and friends of the College we were able to meet the first goal of creating the John Thornely Fellowship in Law, which is currently held by Dr Jillaine Seymour. Additionally we have also been able to establish the John Thornely Bursaries to provide financial support for undergraduate students studying Law. Now, as we move into ever-challenging times for the funding of higher education, the College is even more reliant on the John Thornely Fund. In the future we plan

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to appoint a second Thornely Law Fellow; this will ensure that the vast majority of Law teaching can be conducted by Sidney Fellows without our having to source external teaching. In addition, the level of bursary awarded from the Fund will be increased to make a greater impact on the financial burden of attending the University from 2012 onwards. It is only as a result of the generosity of the Thornely Society and all its supporters that the College has been able to create such a fitting and enduring memorial to John Thornely. With your continuing support John Thornely’s impact will be seen for many years to come.

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pheon n summer 2013 n alumni event reports

Alumni Event Reports

Thornely Society Dinner Sidney Law graduates, practising lawyers and guests joined together with Law Fellows and current students for the 2013 Thornely Society Dinner on Saturday 12 January in the Old Library. We were honoured to have The Hon. Justice Winston Anderson (Law, 1984) with us as guest speaker, welcomed back for the first time since the completion of his PhD in 1988 by Professor Alan Dashwood. Justice Anderson sits on the Bench of the Caribbean Court of Justice at King’s House, Kingston, Jamaica and is the first Jamaican member of that Court. He explained that the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) ‘is a unique court, it operates not just as a final court of appeal, it also operates as a regional trade court, so it is the forum where trade disputes involving the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas are litigated and decided’. However, aside from countries and companies, individuals are also able to bring their cases to the CCJ. Justice Anderson said that the court ‘has jurisdiction to hear claims brought before it, not just the states themselves,

Justice Winston Anderson and Thornely Fellow Dr Jillaine Seymour but by individuals. This could be companies or persons who are nationals of the member states. If a national thinks their rights under the Revised Treaty have been infringed, then there are opportunities for that national to bring such a claim before the CCJ.’

Sidney Club of Geneva

London Drinks

Sidney Needs You!

The Club opened its 10th anniversary season with a splendid New Year’s dinner at the end of January at the Auberge du Lion d’Or in Tannay in the canton of Vaud. The restaurant is well known in the region, particularly for its steaks. Seventeen members of the Club and their friends were present, including Avril and James Mayall from the College. Plans were made for a series of anniversary events starting with a visit to Basel University in April organised by Marc Creus, a Club member there. This was followed by the annual dinner in June, when Professor Alan Hughes gave a talk on ‘The Myth of the Ivory Tower: Universities and the Wealth of Nations’. In September the Club will visit Sidney as part of its anniversary celebrations when Michael Ramage, the College’s prizewinning ecological architect, will be the chief guest and speaker at a dinner. Dr Ajit Bhalla, President

Informal after-work drinks were held in March at the George IV, Holborn, London. The event was an opportunity for alumni living or working in London to meet up with friends and we were delighted that alumni from across the years joined us for this event. We hope that this will become a regular fixture on the calendar and are always on the lookout for alumni to help organise such events. If you are able to help in the future, from booking a venue to spreading the word, please get in touch with us at alumni@sid.cam.ac.uk.

While the Development and Membership Office would love to be able to organise events all over the world for our alumni and friends, practicalities mean that this is not always possible. Why not volunteer to organise a reunion for alumni from your year or based in your local area? The Development and Membership Office is happy to help you make the initial contact with alumni so you can get your event off to a great start. Whether you would like to organise informal alumni drinks in New York, a formal dinner in New Zealand or afternoon tea in Newbury, please get in touch with Jacqueline Boyle, Membership and Events Officer at alumni@sid.cam.ac.uk or +44 (0)1223 338881.

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alumni event reports n summer 2013 n pheon

Triennial Reunion Dinner for Engineers On Saturday 16 February the fourth Triennial Engineers’ Dinner was held at Sidney. The proceedings got well under way before dinner, as we were delighted to welcome Paddy Lowe (Engineering, 1981) back to College. Paddy gave a very interesting account of his career in engineering including his time at Sidney and his training and work with the Metal Box Company before embarking on his 25-year career in Formula One, first for Williams and subsequently for Vodafone McLaren Mercedes. Giving assembled guests an insight into the workings of the Formula One industry, Paddy described the context in which engineering is used to differentiate and win races. He summarised the factors critical to success in Formula One and explained some of the engineering tools that have been developed over the last 25 years, including several interesting technical innovations, such as active suspension and traction control. Once in Hall for the dinner, Emeritus Fellow Donald Green introduced Professor Dame Ann Dowling, Head

of the Department of Engineering. Professor Dowling commented wryly that while it was not essential to be a Fellow of Sidney to become Head of the Department, it was becoming a custom! Highlighting the success of the Engineering Department – in the past six years applications have risen over 60% – Professor Dowling also commented on the seamless integration from student to graduate to alumni with the recent appointment of Dr Michael Purshouse (Engineering, 1970) as President of the Cambridge University Engineering Society. Dr Purshouse echoed Professor Dowling’s comments about the growth of Engineering but in a College context, pointing out that when he was a student there were just two Fellows in Engineering, whereas today there are seven. He also paid tribute to the work done by the Stephenson Society, and especially the current President, Chris Pyatt (1971). After an excellent dinner, the Acting Master, Professor Richard Penty (Engineering, 1983), spoke on behalf of Professor Keith Glover

Alumni Reunion In June, the Master presided over the Alumni Reunion for those who matriculated in 1983, 1984 and 1985. Around 150 Sidney alumni and their guests were treated to glorious summer weather for afternoon tea in the Master’s Garden, followed by dinner in Hall. As an alumnus of the College himself (Engineering, 1983) Professor Penty was able to draw on many personal memories from his time as a student as he remembered what Sidney was like 30 years ago and compared it to the present day.

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Donald Green and Professor Richard Penty (1976) who had been unable to attend the dinner and sent his apologies. Professor Penty concluded by wishing Donald Green a happy 85th birthday and presented him with a copy of the College’s Sidney Sussex: A History, while the assembled company sang a resounding chorus of ‘Happy Birthday’.

Alumni Reception in Hong Kong Bill Abraham, Development Director, recently returned from a trip to Hong Kong where he met up with alumni and friends of the College. The highlight of the trip was a reception at the China Club where Sidney alumni were joined by Sidney Fellow, Professor Sir Tom Blundell. Tom was recently reappointed as Chair of the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), announced by the UK Minister for Universities and Science, David Willetts. He was in Hong Kong to deliver a number of seminars on ‘Genomes, Structural Biology and Drug Discovery’ at Hong Kong University, the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the Croucher Foundation. There are over 60 Sidney alumni in Hong Kong and more than 20 attended the reception, which was generously hosted by Anne Farlow (Engineering, 1983).

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Forthcoming Alumni Events Friday 27 September 2013 ■ Lady Frances Sidney Circle Afternoon Tea Alumni and friends of Sidney who have chosen to remember the College in their will are invited to afternoon tea. If you have included the College in your will but have not notified us and wish to attend, or if you are unsure if we are aware of your planned legacy, please contact us. Saturday 28 September 2013 ■ Sidney reunion for matriculands of 2001, 2002 and 2003. Book online at www.sid.cam.ac.uk/alumni/booknow. Sunday 29 September ■ Decade Reunion Lunch The Master and Fellows invite those who matriculated in the 1960s back to Sidney for an informal buffet lunch. We would like to encourage alumni to bring guests to this event. Invitations will be sent shortly. Alternatively book online at www.sid.cam.ac.uk/alumni/booknow. Friday 27–Sunday 29 September 2013 ■ Alumni Festival In possession of a curious mind? Want to know more about… virtually anything? The Alumni Festival (formerly known as the Alumni Weekend) is an exclusive opportunity to delve into your University’s current, future and past research, exploring topics you just didn’t have time to cover as a student and some that are so cutting edge the results have only just been published. Over three days, Cambridge graduates reconvene to be challenged, to cross the arts–science divide and to get the inside track on how the University itself is changing. For further information about the Alumni Festival 2013 visit www.alumni.cam.ac.uk.

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Sunday 13 October 2013 ■ Sidney Sussex Society trip to Bletchley Park The Sidney Sussex Society invites alumni and guests to its autumn event, which will be held at Bletchley Park. Located on the outskirts of Milton Keynes, Bletchley Park was home to members of the Government Code and Cipher School (now known as GCHQ) whose secret role was to crack Nazi codes and ciphers during WWII. Today, Bletchley Park is the National Codes Centre, celebrating the remarkable achievements of these codebreakers with a fascinating insight into the technology and methods deployed to crack the ciphers. Further information about this event will be available shortly. To be kept informed please email alumni@sid.cam.ac.uk. Saturday 16 November 2013 ■ 1596 Foundation Dinner The Master, Professor Richard Penty, invites members of the 1596 Foundation to dine in College on Saturday 16 November 2013 for his first dinner as President of the Foundation. Further information will be sent out in due course. To find out more about the 1596 Foundation, or to discuss membership, please contact the Development and Membership Office.

For further details about any of these events please contact the Membership and Events Officer on +44 (0)1223 338881 or alumni@sid.cam.ac.uk.

Alumni Benefits As soon as you matriculate at Sidney, you become a lifetime member of the College and we hope after you’ll want to stay in touch long after graduation. Alumni benefits include: • Invitations to events and reunions. • Publications, including Pheon and the College Annual. • Use of Sidney’s library, archives and gardens. • Dining rights once you have received your MA. • Automatic membership of the Sidney Sussex Society (our alumni society). The University of Cambridge also provides benefits for alumni. For further details visit www.alumni.cam.ac.uk/benefits

Could Sidney Sussex be the perfect place for your next event? We are able to host a variety of events in the beautiful function rooms and grounds of Sidney Sussex College. From small meetings to large conferences for 100 we have a room to suit. Sidney Sussex is proud of its awardwinning catering team who are able to cater for all your needs – from private dining for 10 to weddings or banquets for 120. The College can also accommodate groups overnight out of term time at special Alumni rates:

Monday 9 December 2013 ■ Sidney Sussex Society Christmas Reception The Sidney Sussex Society invites alumni and guests to its annual drinks reception. This year’s event will be at The George Inn, 77 Borough High Street, London SE1 1NH.

Single Ensuite bedroom @ £63 Bed & Breakfast Twin Ensuite bedroom @ £70 Bed & Breakfast Single Standard bedroom @ £41 Bed & Breakfast For more details: +44 (0)1223 339703 conference@sid.cam.ac.uk

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