1990’s: Age of corporate downsizing begins, rapid expansion of number of complementary currency systems particularly in New Zealand, Australia, UK, Germany, France. The New Zealand central bank discovers mat complementary currencies help to reduce inflation pressures on the national currency. 1993: Missouri first US state to use Time Dollars to fund its welfare system. 1995: Complementary currency systems top 1,000 world-wide. 1996: The US Federal welfare programmes are decentralised to state level. 1997: Thirty different US states start over 200 Time Dollar systems to foster 'self-help welfare'. Also, by private initiative, another 40 different ithaca HOVR systems operational in the US. 1998: Minneapolis, Minnesota experiments with the first dualcurrency smart-card payment system (dollar and a local complementary currency). 1999: Experiments with a decentralised smart-card complementary currency system in Vancouver, Canada. More than 2,000 systems operational in a dozen developed countries. 2000: Complementary Currency ClearingHouse (CCCH) operational on me Net. 2003: European welfare reform, officially incorporating complementary currencies as a community development tool. 2008: Complementary currency systems top 10,000 for the first time world-wide.
Bernard Lietaer - The Future of Money - Full Book
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