[자료집] 141223 국제 개발재원 논의 변화와 개발금융에 관한 시민사회 토론회 by KoFID

국제 개발재원 논의 변화와 개발금융에 관한 시민사회 토론회

주최: 국제개발협력시민사회포럼(KoFID) 주관: ODA Watch, 참여연대, 월드비전, 한국투명성기구 일시: 2014년 12월 23일(화)오전10:00 –12:00 장소: 참여연대 2 층 아름드리홀 후원: 한국국제협력단(KOICA)

국제 개발재원 논의 변화와 개발금융에 관한 시민사회 토론회 자료집

프로그램 및 목차

[발표] 1. OECD DAC 고위각료급회의 결과와 시사점 ----------------------------------------- 7 –이소리(외교부 개발협력국 개발정책과 사무관) 2. 개발금융의 논의 동향 소개 ------------------------------------------------------------- 13 – 문기영(기재부대외경제국국제개발정책팀 사무관) 3. 국제사회 개발재원 논의 흐름과 최근 개발금융 추진에 대한 시민사회 입장 ---- 25 – 민경일(참여연대 실행위원)

[토론] 1. 국내 ODA 정책에 대한 함의 – 손혁상 (경희대학교 공공대학원 교수) 2. 경제학적 관점에서의 검토 – 황원규 (강릉원주대학교 국제통상학과 교수) 3. 시민사회의 과제와 주요 쟁점 – 이태주 (ODA Watch 대표)

[참고 자료] OECD DAC 고위각료급회의 결과문서(12.16) -------------------------------------------- 37

[발표 ]

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[발표 ]

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[발표 ]

3 국제사회 개발재원 논의 흐름과 최근 개발금융 추진에 대한 시민사회 입장 민경일(참여연대 실행위원)

剳洢斲箒儢愢沲毖嚂汞歆牢匂儢愢匎氻犚滊櫖堆穢柢愂斲箒汞沋沫

2014. 12. 23. 愂凃沂(augustine.minn@gmail.com)

嚂汞汞愶凃 Development Agenda 洢洛汊橤奖処 2015噊 7毚櫖沎汊洢 3焮 UN 儢愢沲毖箒汞(UN Conference on Financing for Development III)櫖堆穢渆捊

• Post-2015

• 匶浺 MDGs汞砮峲埪沊櫖昢徯祢歆決窏櫖捊空穟枻決抆海窎

塞儢愢沲毖分崮 UN 箒汞冶刂洖円 • 滆喢 12毚 15-16沂櫖沎櫎塞 OECD汞処氊儇巒匏箒汞櫖昢汞

TOSD 嚂汞 • 牢匂 EDCF

渗柲求嵢嚂汞夞処沎垚決幾愚 ‫׎‬儢愢匎氻‫ ׏‬犚滊櫖堆穢決空愕欎旇怾洢洖

1. Monterrey Consensus歆 Doha Declaration(Cf. IPoA) 2. TOSD 嚂汞櫖堆穢柢愂斲箒汞沋沫 3. 牢匂儢愢匎氻犚滊櫖堆穢柢愂斲箒汞沋沫櫖昢汞殶崪

Monterrey Consensus • 击柣律獳汆 Monterrey

Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development(2002. 3. 22)

• 愂儊沖匎氦沋溣堆,

昦滊剳汞沲洛抆基溣儆, 嗏洊涋柣決篊毖浶壟匶汞檃筚, 911 斲痢姷求嵢汾穢 ODA 勢微儖暒姷決愶凃

Millennium Declaration櫖磲穮夢捎凪盺獞庂氊穢徯祢姪(Internationally Agreed Development Goals, IADG)汊氊穢冉

• UN

• 50櫲儢剳汞洛旇愕洛抆堆祢,

剳洢匶割, 柢愂斲箒, 愂儊抆怾堆祢姪決微櫲儢壊剳汞儢愢

刂沲毖筛懺庂氊穢愯橎嚂汞 • 显凊筚嵢汾穢匶箒歆氊匶庂檾匏 • 儢愢沲毖決枎庂 Global • UN決 WB,

agenda嵢抆儇柢疪垚冶洛洇櫳穦

IMF, WTO 姷刂笗崫穞垚凊匶洢击

渂殚喺殯 • Mobilizing

Domestic Financial Resources for Development

• Mobilizing

International Resources for Development: Foreign Direct Investment and other Private Flows

• International

Trade as an Engine for Development

• Increasing

International Financial and Technical Cooperation for Development

• External

Debt

• Addressing

Systemic Issues: Enhancing the Coherence and Consistency of the International Monetary, Financial and Trading Systems in Support of Development

Doha Declaration • 2008噊 11毚 29沂-12毚 2沂櫖沎櫎塞洢 2焮儢愢沲毖箒

汞汞冶刂怾昢 • Monterrey

Consensus 洊熺汞喺殯汊沲筛汾穮(割昷殚暒

壊壟沂) • 2008噊凃洢氊匶滇篊汞旇筯壊愞欇央 • MDGs儆击柣洇求嵢煊痣夢旇筯決愞欇央

Domestic Resources Monterrey

Doha

• 儢愢汞渂熺垚笗崫堆旇剳.

击櫲剳汆儢壊剳決儢愢櫖穊殚穢沲毖汊廎崮穦朞沎 • 儢愢櫖沎檺儢壊剳沖熺汞櫳穦汊埪柢穢憎儛浶穞処沎汒壊嵣滆毖穞垚冉決渗殚穮.

Governance / 洇洎穢洛煋刂勢憚洇稊崎沊毒畲 / 抆砮熟冶 / 箮刂洇, 箮氮洇, 眲律穞処煋怺昷沎垚柢枪癢 / 沖剳喺眲沖 / 沖剳喺匎氻柢枪癢 / 渗暒匶櫋汊氊穢 Microfinance歆 credit / 櫳峏儛筚庂氊穢儢壊剳汞沖熺噾崫

• Good

• 決渂噾壟沖汞暧匎朞朞巒巒汾穞檾匏.

• 滆割爒汞捎凪盺獞庂氊穢噾崫決溣儆穮

櫖壊抎割穞処抎磏姷溣堆笊旇汊滆洇 • 汾劒刂昷磏姷,

Human Development, 愞抆砮, 橊稊庲獺庂窫穢壊毆姷櫖堆穢儛浶

昷

击斲嵆剖筞氊穢 South-south & Triangular Cooperation 筢昷筚律柢央

Foreign Direct Investment Monterrey 皻穢滆柣愕匶朦洊朞, 処殯煃犢, 旣斶昷筛堆, 凃泇崫刂匶櫋儆洛柦儛筚, 凃洢昷沫皻穢捎凪盺獞櫖渂橎洖

• FDI

Doha • 匶櫋汞剳洢眲沖儆 Monterrey

決篊櫖畲冒溣儆窎汒櫖壊抎割穞処, 橊滇壊眲沖庂凃竞穞滆忁穢廔汆剳儆姪決沎汒汊滆洇

• 橊稊庲獺剳儆姪, LDC, LLDC, SIDS姪汊剳儆姪, LDC, LLDC, SIDS姪汊窫穢瞿懊穢分柲笾暒窫穢瞿懊穢分柲笾暒 • 決庂氊空 ODA, PPP 姷決廎渗恂櫳穦汊穦朞沎汒汊檾匏 • PPP汞櫳穦抆儇 • Good Corporate Governance 姷汊檾匏穞彶 UNGC歆 ILO 姷求嵢穯汞夢匶櫋汞洇勿焾櫲笾暒 CSR • 击櫲剳洛抆櫖愂儊匶櫋儢愢斲櫋滊犢氊穢朞犢柦殯愕笗浶氻沖洢击, 憪熞玖穂瘾 • 決渂噾壟沖姪汞暧匎決畲冒垞檺喢冉汊姷沖匎堆犢朞埮愢剺, 庲枪畲懺沫, 痆埿檾匏穞彶決峲穢冉決 FDI, ODA, 抆煊痛昷浶斲滆毖爏割儖姷汊堆熺空昢垚橎央汊儛浶 • 橊稊庲獺

International Trade Monterrey • 儢愢汞櫚滊求嵢昢儛浶 • 儢壊剳決冰処沎垚儇涋怺櫳沫懃櫺其

(28穳). 剳洢怺櫳焾櫲筛堆氊空 WTO汞壊穞儢愢檺洦埪櫖娶岂儢壊剳櫖堆穢瞿懊殶堆浶獞儆決窏夞檺檂穮

Doha • 剳洢怺櫳,

瞿粎儢壊剳斲決汞怺櫳決垞檺喢冉汆処怺洇決滆廒櫲洊粎 LDCs垚怺櫳櫳峏汞抆海求嵢決櫖昢愶洢夞檺沎汒汊滆洇決窏抆海汊滆洇穞彶決庂爏割. 櫲匶櫖氦櫶昷刂洛獞洇汞滆儆穊殚穮汊儛浶

• DDA汞

LDC III(Brussel, 2001)櫖昢煊痣夢愚歆償決, 昦滊剳姪汆微汆 LDC汞朞犢禎櫖堆空 Duty-Free and Quota-Free Access • 儢壊剳決剳洢怺櫳柢枪癢櫖橎焯穦朞沎壊嵣 Aid for Trade儆儛浶央埲昷氊空噾崫穦冉汊爏割

• UN

International Financial and Technical Cooperation Monterrey 瞿粎匶櫋汞滇洗眲沖庂氊空儢壊剳決廪崫洇決夦朞沎壊嵣壛垚懺犯櫳穦嵢儛浶夞処沎汒. 溏, 櫲匶櫖昢塚儛浶夞垚冉汆 Private Direct Investment(39).

Doha

• ODA垚儢愢汊氊穢埪幾沲毖姪,

• 決歾櫖壊剖氧,

懺兺, 击击匶愞柢昪, 嚓櫋刂嚓爒儢愢, 柣峏橎懺庂氊穢 ODA汞渗殚昷汊廖穮.

• ODA汞箮刂昷(ODA

Effectiveness)汊氊空儢壊剳汞庲塚枃刂儢愢凊箓櫖堆穢 Ownership, 兺洊穢洛煋刂劅其憊嘒枪櫖匶爎庂奚箮刂洇汾 partnership汞穊殚昷

• 牢匂汞凃洢氊匶旇筯櫖昢 ODA儆氊犛夢

冉汊滆洇穞彶, 埪柢決庂氊穢噾崫決愶儆夞檺檂穮汊儛浶 • (Monterrey櫖昢歆廎焲儆滆嵢)

ODA儆櫲洊粎堆歾洇沲洛壊毆汞儆沫當抆把求嵢昢, 儢愢汊氊穢廎渗恂櫳穦汊檾匏

International Financial and Technical Cooperation(2) Monterrey

Doha ODA, 0.15-0.20% to LDCs汞檃暓汊旇匶柢疪彶, EU儆 2010噊卒滆磏勦 0.56%, 2015噊卒滆 0.7% ODA庂埲昷穞匶嵢檃暓穢冉汊冯崪

• 0.7% • ODA汞溣儆穊殚昷儛浶.

LDC III櫖昢沲筛汾夢堆嵢, GNP汞 0.7%庂 ODA嵢, 勾庲処 0.15-0.20%庂 LDC櫖渊朞沎壊嵣割熺洇噾崫汊爏割穮. 決歆壟柢櫖儢壊剳櫖 • 0.7%汞檃暓汊氊空, 微姦昦滊剳姪決 2010噊卒滆垚 0.5%庂埲昷穦冉汊爏割冒垚 ODA儆儢愢徯祢汞 Goals and Targets庂昷狮穞垚塶箮刂洇求嵢斲殯夞 • ECOSOC汞 DCF歆 HLF汞昷刂汾 Paris 壊嵣懺沫空檂穮旇匶. Declaration刂 AAA姷汊獞穞.

• 昦滊剳姪決 ODA庂塚箮刂洇求嵢決啒匶

氊空浶筚(Harmonizing)庂決差檺檂穮

• 毖浶儆

欎猧儆垫空滆壊嵣渗沫匶儢愢凊箓汞洛懺姪汊洢击穦冉汊爏割

• 懆筚穞垚

Aid Architecture 喺櫖昢儢愢窏氊沖姪汞笗崫渗殚昷儛浶

External Debt Monterrey

Doha • Heavily

Debt Relief儆滆暓儆垫穢昷沫刂儢愢汊氊空廪殶渗殚穮汊儛浶

• External

• 処煊怺捎凪剳(HIPC)

殚昷

Initiative汞筛堆穊

Indebted Poor Countries Initiative(HIPC)歆 Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative(MDRI), Evian Treatment 姷櫖昢檾匏夢抆煊割洢煋決箮刂洇求嵢朞窏夞檺檂穮汊儛浶

• 抆煊痛儖決 ODA

儖暒嵢決檺滆滆橐橊檂

穮滆洇 • MIDC櫖昢汞 Debt • 击洇焮分

Sustainability 滆毖

歾櫖 Commercial Debt儆垞檺喞垚冉汊檾匏穞彶決櫖堆空昢壊 Data Collection刂 Analysis汞穊殚昷檾匏

Systemic Issues Monterrey

Doha • UN刂 BWI, WTO刂汞笗崫溣堆穊殚昷儛浶

Economic Governance歆 UN汞 • BWI汞旎笇穊殚昷櫖堆空昢壊檾匏庲塚枃儛浶 • Regional Development Banks歆 IFI歆汞

• Global

• IFI,

WTO, Bank for International Settlements 姷汞櫳穦檾匏

• UN刂 WTO汞笗崫愕显凊筚汞斲箒洇焮

毖汊氊空 ILO 滆毖 • UN汞浶洛匶垫儛筚

笗崫儛筚 • • 笊沲

旎嵳冒堆奖夢 Global Economic Crisis庂檾匏穞彶洢捦幾懻毖崫汊愚痛求嵢塚殷噾崫空檂穮汊檾匏

• 匶篊懆筚櫖堆穢堆汗穊殚 • 柣峏刂

櫖嘎滆儆冯旇枿櫖娶幾柣峏愕櫖嘎滆橎懺怾洢

Istanbul Programme of Action • 牢捎剳汞捎凪盺獞歆沲喢氊竞儖暒庂氊穢沲毖廎崮殚

割: Domestic Resource Mobilization, ODA, External Debt Relief, FDI, Remittances 姷(12 d) • ODA櫖堆空:

a) GNP汞 0.20% 決旇汊 LDCs櫖渂処沎垚喞岂姪汆凊暓空昢氦滆穞処塚溣儆穞匶氊穢噾崫汊匶殾沂冉; b) 0.15%庂埲昷穢喞岂姪汆柦暓穞冒 0.20%庂埲昷穞匶氊空噾崫穦冉; c) 0.15%庂埲昷空檂穦喞岂姪汆勾姪汞檃暓汊沲筛汾穞処 2015噊卒滆徯祢埲昷汊氊空牢堆穢噾崫穦冉爏割(para 119) cf. Synthesis Report, para 98.

TOSD 嚂汞櫖堆穢柢愂斲箒汞沋沫 • DAC汆 TOSD(Total

Official support for Sustainable Development)儆 ODA庂堆熺穞垚冉壊橊城彶, 決歆垚割懊夞垚, 懺犯洇汾猧洛愯憛決岂暒儢穞処沎汒.

• 抎刂 10噊洊,

Gleneagles櫖昢穯汞穢 0.7%櫖堆穢洊愞洇柪砮庂汾洛穞垚廫岃櫖昢汞旎嵢殺柢壊?

• ODA庂笊堆筚(Modernizing)穞垚冉汆筞欇穞喞,

笊沲 ODA庂猧洛穞垚匶渆櫖堆穢檺媪旎嵢殺匶渆姪笿汆儢笇決笗崫堆旇剳姪櫖惾獦欇窫汊処崪穦婒, 決峲穢猧洛匶渆櫖堆穢徯洇, 勢憚, 匶渆汊洛汞穞垚塶沎檺击洛穢匶愞櫖昢微姦決空分凊沖庂儢沋柢疪垚冉決穊殚穮

• ODA櫖垚抆煊痛儖決喞击櫲剳喺櫖決渂空沎垚穟旣決喞喢愂櫖堆穢滆犢決

磲穮夞檺昢垚橎夞彶, 怺旇毖浶廒笿汆氦旇毖浶渗櫖昢溣櫲抆把櫖空埿穞垚沖毖廒求嵢猧洛夞檺檂穢埪.

TOSD 嚂汞櫖堆穢柢愂斲箒汞沋沫(2) • ODA垚笗崫堆旇剳櫖冒渗殚穢击洇沖毖求嵢單橊沎埪.

娶岂昢捎凪盺獞櫖律筛粎爎洖決廤状派沎滆橐汆埪幾匎氻籖床櫖 ODA儆怼櫲昦橎夢埪.

• 柢沫刂櫶冶夢儢愢滆毖匎汆 ODA櫖磲穮夞檺昢垚橎夢埪. • 磏筚歆橎懺把檂滆犢汆 ODA嵢抆瘶把庲夢煊嵢單橊沎檺

檂穢埪. 愞癒峲筢壟, 洛懺毖朞滗, 捊洊眲-磏筚割犛筢壟汊氊穢剶斲篎崮姷汞橎懺洇朞埮汊 ODA 洛汞櫖磲穮柢疪垚冉汆柲儇穢殶崪庂喹処沎埪.

牢匂儢愢匎氻犚滊櫖堆穢柢愂斲箒沋沫櫖昢汞殶崪 • 儢愯匎氻汊嚂汞穞彺昢剳洢洇匶渆(Monterrey,

Doha 姷)刂分崮昷櫌垚洗匂汞

氊竞昷 • ‫ג‬斲箒儢愢堆柦凃洢昷沫‫ ד‬-

嚂庲汞氊竞昷

• KfW櫖堆穢止凧夢洊埲:

KfW(Kreditanstalt f r Wiederaufbau, 壋沂沲兺汆窏) 垚懾岞 2焮堆洊篊筯磖筚夢壋沂凃洢庂抆籫穞匶氊空昪廃夢击洇匎氻匶分. 爎匶櫖垚壋沂(昢壋) 喺沲兺氊穢沖匎狮匏. 1970噊堆歆 1980噊堆櫖壊剳喺凃洢滆毖. KfW F derbank(砖爏汆窏)汆壋沂汞渂其怾洢歆筞凃懺笾怾洢氊空沖匎滆毖 / KfW Mittelstandsbank(渗暒匶櫋汆窏)汆儢懊匶櫋儆歆柦旣匶櫋汊磲穮穢渗暒匶櫋汊滆毖 / KfW Entwicklungsbank(儢愢汆窏)汆儢愢壊旇剳汞儢愢毖浶庂基埿. / KfW 匎氻勾巿汞沖箒斲汾 IPEX 汆窏櫖昢壋沂決喞氦崃朞犢櫖分崮夢稊嵢洣瞾沖匎刂匶櫋沖匎汊滆毖. 壋沂喺汞空歾眲沖壊滆毖穮. 嬖埪幾沖箒斲汾壋沂眲沖击斲(DEG)垚儢壊剳櫖眲沖穞垚愂儊匶櫋姪櫖冒堆犢汊洢击.

牢匂儢愢匎氻犚滊櫖堆穢柢愂斲箒沋沫櫖昢汞殶崪(2) • 堆歾笗崫沖匎刂堆歾笗崫匶匎汊筂殯穦殶崪.

堆歾笗崫沖匎汆 ODA汾匶匎刂垚埲庲柢沫焮沋沖匎求嵢昢 4-5%堆柢沫匎庲儆欎旇夞彶, 勾決旇汞処匎庲嵢 15噊決穞汞埮匶堆犢愯柣求嵢剳喺匶櫋汞儢愢斲櫋汊滆毖穞垚冉決埪. 匶櫋汞儢愢斲櫋汆勾瞿昷旇斲櫋柪砮汞氊竞決穳旇浺沲穞垚塶, 決婒柢沫焮沋求嵢汾穢暖柪懺洊刂決焮懺洊汊 EDCF汞匶匎求嵢犯埿 ODA櫖槶櫲檂穦堆歾笗崫匶匎汊朞犢匎氻汞暖柪懺洊求嵢斲殯穞冦埪垚冉求嵢昢, 決垚櫊愆穢汞惾櫖昢 ODA岂穦朞櫌処, 決櫖娶岂 ODA櫖堆穢剳愂柦嶶壊洆穞儆殶崪央. 11. 8 洢 141焮堆歾凃洢沫分箒汞櫖昢儢愢匎氻筢昷筚愯橎愢祢: 儢愢笗崫汊剳洢儢愢笗崫氊毖箒儆橊埒堆歾凃洢沫分箒汞櫖昢嚂穢決氦垚?

• 2013.

抆爣庲愢檾汞殚滆垚匶櫋姪決剳喺柢沫汊嚙処儇犛汊憒沂冉決橊城岂, ‫ג‬滊狮洇匶旇‫ד‬求嵢空歾滊犢筛堆庂壋崪穞垚沖庲

• Context:

牢匂儢愢匎氻犚滊櫖堆穢柢愂斲箒沋沫櫖昢汞殶崪(3) • 剳洢儢愢笗崫氊毖箒汞柪滎匶垫檃筚殶崪 • 溣櫲氮穞岃求嵢汾穢柲儇穢毖浶汞滎洆穞殶崪

ODA 击檃盺族: 0.25%垚剳洢匶渆決橊城彶, DAC 箒毖剳求嵢昢汞牢暒穢汞汞怺庂埪穦朞沎壊嵣 0.7% ODA, 0.15-0.20% to LDCs 埲昷汊氊穢渗沫匶洇凊箓刂噾崫決 ‫ג‬穢剳笛‫ד‬櫖殶昦夞檺檂穦冉

• 0.25%

• 沖剳犢柦 UNSG庂愯空穞垚,

其咾嵢儆垚穢剳汞儢愢笗崫洛煋?: 牢匂汞 Post2015 儢愢汞洢嚂汞, UN汞 FfD 籖床姷刂櫶凊夦朞沎壊嵣儢愢洛煋汞洊彺洇沲処殚割

• 儢愢笗崫櫖分穢微姦嚂汞汞洛煋冶洛刂洛櫖昢汞柢愂斲箒愶洢:

抆斶櫖昢剳洢斲箒儆筛汾穢柢愂斲箒汞櫳穦汊滆毖穦朞沎壊嵣滊洛昷沎処汞惾沎垚柢愂斲箒歆汞笗崫穊殚

첨부 OECD DAC 고위각료급회의 결과문서(12.16)

15-16 December 2014, OECD Conference Centre, Paris

DAC HIGH LEVEL MEETING

FINAL COMMUNIQUÉ 16 December 2014 1. We, the members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC), convened at high level in Paris on 15-16 December 2014. We welcomed the five new members who have joined the Committee since our last High-Level Meeting in 2012: the Czech Republic, Iceland, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia. We also welcomed the United Arab Emirates as the first country beyond the OECD membership to become a Participant of our Committee. The International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme, the Inter-American Development Bank and non-DAC OECD members – Chile, Estonia, Hungary, Israel, Mexico and Turkey – participated in our deliberations.1 2. We have witnessed tremendous development progress over the past 15 years. Globally, extreme poverty has been halved, substantial progress has been made toward reaching gender parity in school enrolment at all levels and in all developing regions and child mortality has been halved as has the proportion of people without access to safe water. Yet the job of ending global poverty is unfinished, and we encounter continued instability and conflict, humanitarian crises and rising inequality. Addressing all these challenges in a sustainable way requires a renewed global partnership for development. 3. We met as the world prepares the ground for the post-2015 agenda, an ambitious global framework for achieving inclusive, sustainable development for all. Three decisive events taking place next year will sharpen the vision and clarify the means of implementation underpinning this agenda: the Third International Conference on Financing for Development, the United Nations Summit for the Adoption of the Post-2015 Development Agenda, and the 21st Conference of the Parties on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 4. As we shape the new sustainable development goals for the post-2015 era, we want to ensure our contributions make the difference that is needed. We invite the OECD to fully use its interdisciplinary expertise to support members and partners as they design and implement the range of policies needed to achieve these goals in all countries. This new set of goals will require both financial and non-financial means and efforts. As regards the financing challenge, a wide array of domestic and international resources – both concessional and commercial in nature – needs to be mobilised from public and private sources and from all providers. These different resources must also be used effectively, drawing on their respective comparative advantages. In this context, we welcome relevant efforts from across the OECD on development finance, including in the areas of taxation and investment. We consider that improving global access to reliable statistics regarding all these resources will be essential for all stakeholders, including developing and provider countries, to optimally plan, allocate, use and account for development resources. Reliable statistics will also facilitate national, regional and global transparency and accountability.

Representatives from OECD accession countries, Colombia and Latvia, as well as from Brazil, China, Croatia, India, Indonesia, and South Africa also attended the DAC High Level Meeting as observers. Also present were representatives of the Arab Co-ordinating Group Institutions, the co-chair of the Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation (Malawi), the co-facilitators of the July 2015 Third International Conference on Financing for Development (Guyana and Norway), the OECD Business and Industry Advisory Committee (BIAC), the OECD Trade Union Advisory Committee (TUAC), and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

5. OECD DAC statistics on development finance are a global public good that informs policy choices, promotes transparency and fosters accountability. Following a mandate that we adopted at the 2012 High Level Meeting, we began work to modernise our statistical system, measures and standards to ensure the integrity and comparability of data on development finance and create the right incentive mechanisms for effective resource mobilisation. We have today taken stock of progress achieved in this regard, and have taken decisions in a number of areas. 6. Official Development Assistance (ODA) will remain a crucial part of international development co-operation in implementing the post-2015 agenda, particularly for countries most in need. We also acknowledge the important role of international private flows. Domestic resources, however, will continue to be the main pillar of development finance for the broad majority of developing countries. 7. We note that despite challenging fiscal circumstances in many OECD countries, we have maintained high levels of ODA – which reached an all-time high of USD 134.8 billion in 2013. We reaffirm our respective ODA commitments, including those of us who have endorsed the UN target of 0.7 per cent of Gross National Income (GNI) as ODA to developing countries, and agree to continue to make all efforts to achieve them. 8. We also agree to allocate more of total ODA to countries most in need, such as least developed countries (LDCs), low-income countries, small island developing states, land-locked developing countries and fragile and conflict-affected states. We have agreed today to commit to reversing the declining trend of ODA to LDCs. Those members who have committed to the specific UN target of 0.15-0.20 per cent of GNI as ODA towards these countries reconfirm their commitment. We underscore the importance of collective action and individual steps to better target ODA towards countries most in need (See Annex 1). We will monitor progress in line with each member’s commitments through the OECD peer review process, and additionally on an aggregate DAC level at our senior level meetings. 9. In line with the 2012 High Level Meeting mandate, we have carefully examined how the ODA measure could be strengthened to reflect the nature of today’s development co-operation and to better address current and future development challenges, while maintaining its core character. We remain committed to maintaining the integrity of the ODA definition and further strengthening transparency regarding its measurement and use, including through defining clearly concessionality and updating the reporting guidance on peace and security expenditures. We also recognise that ODA can help bring in private investment to support development, and that it is essential to capture the breadth of official support provided to developing countries. 10. While most ODA is provided in the form of grants, concessional loans form an important part of the measure. However, differences have developed in the way members interpret the unclear “concessional in character” criterion of the ODA definition. We therefore agree to modernise the reporting of concessional loans to make it easier to compare the effort involved with that in providing grants, by introducing a grant equivalent system for the purpose of calculating ODA figures. This means that under the new reporting system, ODA credit counted and reported will be higher for a grant than for a loan. Furthermore, among loans which pass the tests for ODA scoring, more concessional loans will earn greater ODA credit than less concessional loans. Alongside reporting on a grant equivalent basis, ODA figures will continue to be calculated, reported and published on the previous cash-flow system. This means that data on actual disbursements and repayments of loans will continue to be collected and published in a fully transparent manner. 11. We have further decided to assess concessionality based on differentiated discount rates, consisting of a base factor, which will be the IMF discount rate (currently 5%), and an adjustment factor of 1% for UMICs, 2% for LMICs and 4% for LDCs and other LICs. This system, combined with a grant equivalent method, is expected to incentivise lending on highly concessional terms to LDCs and other LICs. To ensure that loans to LDCs and other LICs are provided at highly concessional terms, only loans

with a grant element of at least 45% will be reportable as ODA. Loans to LMICs need to have a grant element of at least 15%, and those to UMICs of at least 10%, in order to be reportable as ODA.2 12. Consistent with our commitment to pay particular attention to debt sustainability when extending loans to developing countries, we agree that loans whose terms are not consistent with the IMF Debt Limits Policy and/or the World Bankâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Non-Concessional Borrowing Policy will not be reportable as ODA. We request the WP-STAT to prepare the revised Reporting Directives, in accordance with our agreement further detailed in Annex 2, for endorsement by the DAC by the end of 2015. 13. We recognise the importance of strengthening private sector engagement in development and we want to encourage the use of ODA to mobilise additional private sector resources for development. We recognise that the present statistical reporting system does not fully reflect the changing way in which members are engaging with the private sector, nor does it incentivise innovation. We take note of progress already made in developing a modern taxonomy of financial instruments, and methodologies to measure private sector resources mobilised, for example through guarantees. We agree to urgently undertake further work to reflect in ODA the effort of the official sector in catalysing private sector investment in effective development. In doing so, we will explore further the institutional and instrument-specific approaches that have been developed by members, and potentially other approaches, with the aim of concluding at our next meeting. We will continue to collaborate with agencies with special expertise in this field, such as donorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Development Finance Institutions and other bilateral institutions that use private-sector instruments, and similar multilateral institutions. 14. The development agenda is becoming broader. It is therefore important to recognise and further incentivise the efforts that are being made above and beyond ODA. Accordingly, we agree to continue to develop the new statistical measure, with the working title of Total Official support for Sustainable Development (TOSD). This measure will complement, not replace, the ODA measure. It will potentially cover the totality of resource flows extended to developing countries and multilateral institutions in support of sustainable development and originating from official sources and interventions, regardless of the types of instruments used and associated terms. (See Annex 3). The components of this measure have been discussed and will be refined, working with all relevant stakeholders, in the lead-up to the Third International Conference on Financing for Development in Addis Ababa. Its ultimate parameters will be clarified once the post-2015 agenda has been agreed. We will also collect data on resources mobilised by official interventions from the private sector using leveraging instruments such as guarantees. We support continued work to establish an international standard for measuring the volume of private finance mobilised by official interventions and want to explore whether and how this could be reflected in a new measure. 15. Supporting developing countries to optimally use the increased diversity of funding sources that they can access today will be important. The transparency of resource flows reaching developing countries plays a role in enhancing the effectiveness of development co-operation. We will therefore strengthen our dialogue with developing countries to ensure that our statistical system contributes to meeting their information and planning needs. Further, we will continue to develop our systems for measuring resource inflows to developing countries, building on our longstanding work with country programmable aid. 16. Recognising that building peaceful and inclusive societies will be an increasingly important part of the development agenda, we will generate greater political momentum in support of peacebuilding and statebuilding efforts. We agree to further explore how support in this area could be better reflected in our statistical system through a possible broader recognition in TOSD, and through updating ODA reporting instructions. In doing so, we will ensure that the main objective of ODA remains the promotion of the economic development and welfare of developing countries. We aim to complete this work in time for our next meeting. 2

One member is not able to agree at this stage to apply the thresholds for LMICs and UMICs.

17. We have come some distance in our efforts to upgrade and modernise our statistical systems and tools in order for them to contribute to monitoring the financing framework underpinning the post-2015 agenda. By implementing these changes, we reaffirm our commitment to remain the centre of excellence of high-quality statistics on official development finance. We will explore ways of engaging more systematically with other stakeholders (e.g. partner countries, other providers of development finance, foundations, civil society, private sector, the United Nations and other international organisations) in the further development and use of our statistical system, measures and standards. We welcome the reporting of development co-operation data from an increasing number of sovereign states beyond DAC members (such as European Union Member States, Israel, Kuwait, Liechtenstein, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates) as well as other development actors (including the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and more than 30 multilateral institutions), and encourage other providers to follow their example. 18. We strongly support the work of the Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation (GPEDC), agreed in Busan, as a leading international policy platform and a hub to “share, support and spread development success”, including through the contribution of voluntary initiatives and building blocks. We believe the GPEDC’s flexible, multi-stakeholder, action-focussed approach means that it can play a useful role in helping to implement the post-2015 agenda. We stand ready – with other international fora such as the Development Cooperation Forum – to drive efforts at the international level to anchor the quality of co-operation and the development effectiveness principles in the post-2015 agenda, and at country level to foster learning and exchange of experience in achieving sustainable development results. We reaffirm our existing aid and development effectiveness commitments and resolve to further engage with other providers. We note that a strengthened GPEDC monitoring framework can be a useful tool to measure and report on progress in support of future efforts to implement the post-2015 agenda at developing country level. 19. We look forward to actively contributing to the UN-led process to shape the ambitious post-2015 agenda, and the renewed global partnership to support its implementation, including the future accountability and monitoring system. We will engage with international, regional and local initiatives and actions for a successful outcome of the decisive meetings in 2015. 20. We will reconvene end-2015/early-2016 to take stock of progress in implementing the decisions we have taken today, and in carrying out additional analytical work to bring to closure our effort to modernise the DAC statistical system for the post-2015 era.

Annex 1: Measures to improve the targeting of aid to countries most in need 1. We, DAC members, agree to allocate more of total ODA to developing countries most in need, such as least developed countries (LDCs), low-income countries, small island developing states, landlocked developing countries and fragile and conflict-affected states. We will strive to achieve this goal together, through both collective efforts and individual actions. Our collective and individual efforts will take into account our specific circumstances and previous commitments. 2. We also recognise the importance of complementary measures to help countries most in need. These include measures such as incentivising more ODA and ensuring softer terms and conditions for finance. These are key elements of our ongoing reform on concessionality. We are also putting particular emphasis on mobilising additional resources, both external and domestic, for development and using ODA in a catalytic way so that it helps leverage domestic policies for greatest impact. 3. We acknowledge the effort of the following DAC member countries who have committed to and met the UN target for ODA to LDCs in 2012: Denmark, Ireland, Luxembourg, Norway and Sweden (above 0.20% of GNI as ODA to LDCs), and Finland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (between 0.15% and 0.20% of GNI as ODA to LDCs). 4.

Collectively, we agree to: x

reverse the declining trend of aid to LDCs, recalling the specific UN target of 0.15% â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 0.20% of GNI as ODA allocated to LDCs. We reaffirm our respective ODA targets, including those who have committed to the UN target of 0.7% ODA/GNI target and the UN LDC target, and reaffirm our strong commitment to achieve them.

enhance the monitoring and visibility of membersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; performance in providing support to countries most in need through regular assessments, both individually through DAC peer reviews and collectively on the occasion of senior level meetings.

undertake more analytical work to help identify countries where ODA is most needed and where additional actions may be required. This could include issues such as under-aided countries, aspects related to fragility and vulnerability, including in LDCs and small island developing states, as well as questions of changing poverty patterns. This work will be done in collaboration with other development actors including the UN system.

promote the effectiveness and quality of ODA through the monitoring of the impact of different channels, instruments and modalities in various contexts and for different purposes across countries, including in countries most in need. This includes measures to promote regional connectivity and capacity for domestic resource mobilisation.

5. A number of DAC members also commit to additional measures to better target their support to countries most in need as a step towards achieving their commitments. The DAC will establish a compendium of such measures from this day forward, and will make it publicly available.

Annex 2: Modernising the reporting on concessional loans in DAC statistics In line with the 2012 HLM mandate, the DAC has worked on options to revise the treatment of loan concessionality in DAC statistics, taking into account the resource allocation, mobilisation and accountability objectives of the general reform of the system for measuring development finance post2015. The revised system should: x provide a fairer picture of donor effort, ensuring comparability of resulting statistics across members; x encourage lending practices that are aligned with developing countries’ needs, capacities and constraints in terms of volumes, concessionality levels and debt sustainability;

strengthen the credibility and integrity of DAC statistics and the transparency of development co-operation.

1. Concessional loans have been an important part of ODA, actively used by a number of members, as well as by other providers of development assistance. Such loans are important instruments to finance long-term investments in economic and social infrastructure in developing countries and to address the vast financing needs for the provision of global public goods. The level of concessionality of loans needs to take into account the level of development of individual countries and their specific capacities as well as the nature of the project. 2. In recent years, some members have been scaling up their lending programmes. Concessional loans help mobilise more resources in particular for countries with limited or no access to international capital markets, including many low-income countries (LICs) and small island developing states (SIDS). Members are, though, also very concerned to avoid adding inappropriately to the debt burdens of developing countries, especially those, mostly LICs and SIDS, who have needed official debt relief in recent years. They have expressed their support for measures to ensure that lending to such countries is highly concessional, and adapted to the nature of each project and counterpart, and for safeguards to ensure debt sustainability. All members support the IMF/World Bank debt sustainability framework as a determining factor for the volume and terms of debt that should be taken on. 3. To be recognised as concessional and reportable as ODA, a loan must according to the present reporting criteria have a grant element of at least 25%, calculated at a discount rate of 10%, and be “concessional in character”. The 2012 HLM agreed to establish, as soon as possible, and at the latest by 2015, a clear, quantitative definition of “concessional in character”, in line with prevailing market conditions. It also agreed, among other things, that “the reporting of loans should withstand a critical assessment from the public, be generally consistent with the way concessionality is defined in multilateral development finance and prevent notions that ODA loans schemes follow a commercial logic”. 4. Concessional loans are at present counted in DAC statistics on a cash-flow basis, as positive ODA when disbursed, and as negative ODA when repaid. Over time, the net ODA effect of the loan – if repaid – is therefore zero, but in times of inflation, the real value of the repayments is substantially lower than the face value of the loan. In the present system, ODA in any given year may be greatly influenced by the development co-operation policies of the past. 5. To address weaknesses of current DAC statistics, we agree to introduce a grant equivalent system for the purpose of calculating the ODA figures. This means that under the new reporting system, greater credit, in terms of the amount of ODA scored and reported, will accrue to grants rather than loans. Among loans which pass the tests for ODA scoring, more concessional loans will earn greater ODA credit than less concessional loans. 6. The donor effort in providing a loan consists both of the funding cost of the loan and the risk associated with it. Recognising that lending to poorer countries involves greater donor effort than lending to richer countries, we have decided to assess concessionality based on differentiated discount rates. The rates will consist of a base factor, which will be the IMF discount rate (currently 5%), and an adjustment factor of 1% for UMICs, 2% for LMICs and 4% for LDCs and other LICs. 6

7. Having a higher discount rate for LDCs and other LICs, combined with a grant equivalent method whereby higher concessionality results in more ODA being reportable, is also expected to incentivise lending on highly concessional terms to LDCs and other LICs, and thereby to help concentrate the available ODA resources more on the poorest countries. This is a policy goal members support. 8. To ensure that loans to LDCs and other LICs are provided at highly concessional terms, only loans with a grant element of at least 45% will be reportable as ODA. The need for concessionality reduces as countries become richer. So we have agreed that loans to LMICs need to have a grant element of at least 15%, and those to UMICs of at least 10%, in order to be reportable as ODA.3,4 9. Consistent with our commitment to pay particular attention to debt sustainability when extending loans to developing countries, we agree that loans whose terms are not consistent with the IMF Debt Limits Policy and/or the World Bankâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s non- concessional borrowing policy, will not be reportable as ODA. 10. The changes will become the standard of reporting from 2018 (for which ODA reporting will take place in early 2019). ODA will be reported for 2014 on the basis of the 2013 DAC agreement on concessionality. It will be reported from the year 2015 (i.e. in reports issued from early 2016) to the year 2017 using both the new and the current (2013) system. 11. The discount rates and the grant element thresholds to be applied under the changes we are agreeing today will need to be regularly reviewed, reflecting changes in borrowing costs, emerging experience with risk (for example as reflected in default rates) and any need for further incentives for countries most in need. We agree to further study the basis for assessing the risks incurred in lending, and ask the OECD to help assess different approaches proposed by members. On the basis of this analysis we may reassess the adjustment factors agreed today. Once the new system takes effect, the DAC will regularly assess the need for such adjustments, in particular following any change to the IMF rate. 12.

We agree to live up to our Busan transparency commitments.

13. A considerable stock of loans that have been reported as ODA in the existing system will remain outstanding by the time of the change. So alongside reporting on a grant equivalent basis, ODA figures will continue to be calculated, reported and published on the previous cash-flow system. This means that data on actual disbursements and repayments of loans will continue to be collected and published. There will therefore be a very high degree of transparency on disbursements and reflows (payments on principal and interest), and therefore on gross and net ODA flows. 14. We agree that the cost of risk should not be double counted. Changing the measurement system from net flows to risk-adjusted grant equivalents will therefore also change the basis on which we report on debt relief of ODA loans. We have therefore agreed that the rules on reporting ODA debt relief will need to be updated to rule out double counting, bearing in mind the past need to encourage debt relief initiatives such as HIPC and MDRI. 15. More generally, we have also concluded that the existing regulations for reporting debt relief should expire with the reporting of 2017 flows, and be replaced by new regulations reflecting our agreement today. 16. The WP-STAT is requested to prepare the revised Reporting Directives for endorsement by the DAC by the end of 2015, including looking at options to improve the timeliness of reporting. 3

One member is not able to agree at this stage to apply the thresholds for LMICs and UMICs.

A small proportion of loans are extended with variable interest rates. For these loans, the concessionality test is only applied at the time of the commitment.

Annex 3: Developing a new measure - Total Official support for Sustainable Development 1. We, DAC members, recognise that the development agenda is broad and complex and that we need to mobilise resources and expertise to address related challenges. 2. We agree, therefore, that there is a need to capture in OECD DAC statistics the wide array of support we are providing beyond concessional finance through a measure of Total Official support for Sustainable Development (working title). Such a measure would encourage visibility and understanding about development financing options and impacts, enhance transparency and foster accountability beyond ODA, and facilitate information-sharing with providers of development co-operation beyond our Committee. This will contribute to broader global efforts to monitor international resource mobilisation for implementing the post-2015 agenda. 3. We have reviewed the work carried out on this measure and express our appreciation to various stakeholders who have participated in our ongoing efforts to shape its narrative and possible components. 4.

We agree, today, to create a TOSD measure, which will: x

complement and not replace ODA;

potentially cover the totality of resource flows extended to developing countries and multilateral institutions in support of sustainable development and originating from official sources and interventions, regardless of the types of instruments used and associated terms, i.e. including both concessional and non-concessional financing provided through various instruments, such as grants, loans, equity and mezzanine finance;

cover activities that promote and enable sustainable development, including contributions to global public goods when these are deemed relevant for development and aligned with developing countriesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; priorities;

make a clear distinction between official support and flows mobilised through official interventions, but also between flows and contingent liabilities; and

capture and report resources on a gross cash-flow basis, while also collecting and publishing net flows so as to ensure full transparency of support and flows.

5. We agree to consult broadly with developing countries, international institutions, other providers of development co-operation and stakeholders on the scope, definition and statistical features of the measure, with the hope of contributing to a more global monitoring mechanism. We will also explore whether and how private finance mobilised by official interventions could be reflected in this new measure. 6. We will clarify the ultimate parameters once the final shape of the post-2015 agenda has been agreed. We will share the emerging features of this measure with the international community at the July 2015 Financing for Development conference in Addis Ababa, as an additional DAC contribution to the post-2015 monitoring framework, and use the opportunity to collect feedback on these features.