Living on the Edge / The Case Of Buenos Aires by Juan Gutierrez Beltran

LIVING ON THE EDGE

Accessing spatial & social diversity and building up a strategic framework for a cohesive city CONTEXT “BUENOS AIRES, A CITY OF CONTRASTS”

PROJECT INTENTION

The process of metropolitan expansion in Buenos Aires owns following significant features: increasing social and spatial inequalities; political power have tended to

Our Projects title „LIVING ON THE EDGE“ represents both the topic of a live on the edge of existence and a life on the edge of the CABA in the south of Buenos Aires, as well as our approach to create positive interactions on the edges of fragmented patches.The project aims to assess spatial and social diversity and to built up a strategic framework for a cohesive City.

accumulate in city center which is represented by spatial fragmentation; a fragmented supply of public services marked by a market orientation which excludes some of the population; a process of production of the built environment which obeys market princi ples, with a predominance of private planning and intervention sucha as infrastructure ; and a form of urban management and production of the urban environment that is guided by the search for growth rather than improvements in quality of life (Pirez, 2009).

Buenos Aires as a Global City What does it mean?

ANALYSIS THEORETICAL CONCEPTS

LATIN AMERICAN CITIES COMPARISON

PUBLIC SERVICES AND CENTRALITIES

SOCIO- ECONOMIC SEGREGATION SEGREGATION STRATIFICATION AND EDUCATION LEVEL

SEGREGATION

MAIN MAINCONCEPTS CONCEPTS

Above the mean value

Below Belowthe themean meanvalue value

Below the mean value

SOCIO-ECONOMIC SOCIO-ECONOMICSTRATIFICATION STRATIFICATION Monthly MonthlyIncome IncomeAvarage Avarageper perInhabitant Inhabitant($) ($)

SEGREGATION

DIAGNOSIS Economic centres

22240-3406 22240-3406

MAIN CONCEPTS

1250-1707 1250-1707

0-558

missing links on the big scale.

1708-2239

Administrative Borders Weak in social/ global/ chances

1250-1707

Partly good in social/ global/ chances

Missing connectors on the economic, the social, and the cultural level lead to higher Vulnerability in Buenos Aires Metropolitan Region. Governmental fragmentation makes it difficult to work on these missing links on the big scale.

0-558

FRAGMENTATION The agglomeration of capital leads to smaller spatial distances and bigger social distances.

SEGREGATION The lack of cohesiveness between the formal and the informal, fosters disparity within the city.

VULNERABILITY Source Source phenomena could foster social, 559-1249 These economical and environmental harms, that could Adapted Adapted from from affect dramatically the conditions of Buenos Aires Modelo Modelode deevaluación evaluacióny ysimulación simulación Territorial as an emerging city in the local and the 0-558Territorial Internet Internet(http://www.ssplan.buenosaires.gov.co.ar) (http://www.ssplan.buenosaires.gov.co.ar) international sphere.

VULNERABILITY Source These phenomena could foster social, economical and environmental harms, that could Adapted fromdramatically the conditions of Buenos Aires affect Modelo de evaluación y simulación Territorial as an emerging city in the local and the Internet (http://www.ssplan.buenosaires.gov.co.ar) international sphere.

1708-2239 1250-1707

Adapted Adaptedfrom fromUrban UrbanFragmentation Fragmentationand and the the”archipelago ”archipelagocity” city”Presentation Presentation2014 2014 Daniel DanielKozac Kozac

Adapted from Urban Fragmentation and the ”archipelago city” Presentation 2014 Daniel Kozac

1010

0-558

MAIN POINTS MET The effects of Globalisation indirect connection to the diff UNSATISFIED BASIC NEEDS metropolitan region. Investme concrete infrastructure and secu Percentage of Homes MAIN CONCEPTS

FR The agglomeration of capital

Higher than 30

15.00 - 29.99spatial distances and bigger soc

10.00 - 14.99The lack of cohesiveness betwe

the informal, fosters disparity wi

5.00 - 9.99

V could economical and environmental

Source These phenomena Lower than 4.99

Adapted fromdramatically the condition affect Modelo de evaluación y simulación Territorial as an emerging city in the Source Internet (http://www.ssplan.buenosaires.gov.co.ar) international sphere. Adapted from Modelo de evaluación simulación Territorial Adapted from Urbany Fragmentation and Internetthe (http://www.ssplan.buenosaires.gov.co.ar) ”archipelago city” Presentation 2014 Daniel Kozac

Source

Adapted from Urban Fragmentation and the ”archipelago city” Presentation 2014 Daniel Kozac

PATCHES

opoliza Metr tio n

balization Glo

Source Adapted from Modelo de evaluación y simulación Territorial Internet (http://www.ssplan.buenosaires.gov.co.ar)

SPATIAL

FOSTER

SOCIAL

SEGREGATION

FOSTER

FRAGMENTATION

Source: Group 1, Globalization Course 2016, Tu Delft

Adapted from Modelo de evaluación y simulación Territorial Internet (http://www.ssplan.buenosaires.gov.co.ar)

Strong in social/ glob

Missing connectors on the econom the cultural level lead to higher Vul Aires Metropolitan Region fragmentation makes it difficult missing links on the big scale.

SEGREGATION

Adapted from Urban Fragmentation and the ”archipelago city” Presentation 2014 Daniel Kozac

Source: Group 1, Globalization Course 2016, Tu Delft

Partly good in social/ glob

559-1249

Strong in social/ global/ chances

FRAGMENTATION The agglomeration of capital leads to smaller spatial distances and bigger social distances.

Administra

Weak in social/ glob

1250-1707

Partly good in social/ global/ chances

Econo

Missing

1708-2239

Administrative Borders Weak in social/ global/ chances

559-1249

Strong in social/ global/ chances

BUENOS AIR

22240-3406

Missing connectors

22240-3406

Cities have long been enmeshed in global economic and cultural networks which is so called globalization influencing not only global cities but also in these area are internationally subordinate. This dominant trend brings new spatial division of labour, articulation of production and markets which leads to concentration and accumulation of international capital. However, more social costs are observed during the globalization process and which are emphasised by seven hypothesises of world city by Sassen (2004),

DIAGNOSIS Economic centres

22240-3406

DIAGN

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRATIFICATION 5.00 - 9.99 Monthly Income Avarage per Inhabitant ($) Lower than 4.99

BUENOS AIRES - PROVINCE SCALE

MAIN POINTS TO CONCLUDE METROPOLISATION The effects of Globalisation have direct and indirect connection to the different part of the SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRATIFICATION metropolitan region. Investment flows demand Monthly Income Avarage per Inhabitant ($) infrastructure and security. concrete

Mean Value in the ACBA - 7.6%

DIAGNOSIS Economic centres

559-1249

DIAGNOSIS

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRATIFICATION Monthly Income Avarage per Inhabitant ($)

BUENOS AIRES - PROVINCE SCALE

Missing connectors

1250-1707

Partly good in social/ global/ chances

Mean Value in the ACBA - 7.6%

DIAGNOSIS

1708-2239

Administrative Borders Weak in social/ global/ chances

PERSONS WITH UNIVERSITY DEGREE Strong in social/ global/ chances 559-1249 559-1249 Above the mean value Missing connectors on the economic, the social, and cultural level lead to higher Vulnerability in Buenos 0-558 0-558 the Aires Metropolitan Region. Governmental Below the mean value fragmentation makes it difficult to work on these

Below the mean value

22240-3406

Missing connectors

1708-2239 1708-2239

Above the mean value

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRATIFICATION Monthly Income Avarage per Inhabitant ($)

BUENOS AIRES - PROVINCE SCALE

UNSATISFIED BASIC NEEDS PERSONS WITH UNIVERSITY DEGREE Percentage of Homes Above the mean value Higher than 30 Below the mean value 15.00 - 29.99 Mean Value in the ACBA - 7.6% 10.00 - 14.99

PERSONS WITH UNIVERSITY DEGREE

Mean Value in the ACBA - 7.6%

DIAGNOSIS

MAIN CONCEPTS MAIN CONCEPTS

MAIN CONCEPTS

PERSONS WITH UNIVERSITY DEGREE

Above Abovethe themean meanvalue value

UNSATISFIED

BASIC NEEDS SEGREGATION SEGREGATION

SEGREGATION

MAIN CONCEPTS

PERSONS PERSONSWITH WITHUNIVERSITY UNIVERSITYDEGREE DEGREE

Mean Mean Value Valueininthe theACBA ACBA- -7.6% 7.6%

MOBILITY AND DENSITY

INFLUENCE OF GLOBALIZATION Social Segregation

Spatial Fragmentation Unites Kingdom

14.862

752

New York

Unites States

18.925

Unites States

12.860

732 57

Turkey

188 23

Globalization and metropolization process foster the growth of spatial fragmentation which

Istanbul Beijing

10.953

1.180

Los Angeles

China

Cairo

Mexico City Brazil

255

16.260 India

China

21.429

Hong-Kong

288

Singapore

groups, however, in terms of social aspects they remain very distant. Industrial areas, social

Singapore

5.068

223 58

housing, gated communities, etc, they are not just different in typological aspects, but also

City

Country

Inhabitants x1000

GDP, $ Billion

-borders -different typologies -accessibility to services & structure -different social groups

Nigeria

fragmentation processes there, leads to closeness in spatial distances between the social

Hong-Kong SAR

7.053

225

Lagos

10.788

Social Distance

Spatial Distance

accompanies rising levels of inequality in Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. The urban

Guangzhou Shenzhen

18.206 7

1.875

India

Mumbai

Japan

36.442

206

Delhi

Egypt

11.031

20.117

Tokyo

18.827

++ +

London

Sao Paulo Brazil

The KOF Index of Globalization measures the three main dimensions of globalization. economic - social - political

19.684

in social aspects. To tackle the social polarization problems in Buenos Aires, it is vital to

437

Buenos Aires

Argentina

13.099

undertand all the prominent existing systems and use urban fragmentation as a tool to

192 25

> 88.00 80.00 - 87.99 72.00 - 79.99 64.00 - 71.99 56.00 - 63.99 48.00 - 55.99 40.00 - 47.99 32.00 - 39.99 24.00 - 31.99

City Grid Sy ste

KOF Index of Globalization

SHAPE

GDP per Capita, $ thousand

soften the social boundary.

TYPOLOGIES SOCIAL GROUPS

No data

DIAGNOSIS REGIONAL SCALE DIAGNOSIS

CITY SCALE DIAGNOSIS

SEGREGATION DIAGNOSIS

MAIN CONCEPTS BUENOS AIRES - PROVINCE SCALE

CONCEPTS CABA - MAIN CITY SCALE

DIAGNOSIS PERSONS WITH UNIVERSITY DEGREE Economic centres Above the mean value Missing connectors Below the mean value Administrative Borders

ECONOMIC CENTRALITIES PERSONS WITH UNIVERSITY DEGREE Diversified Centralities Above the mean value Specialized Centralities

in the ACBA - 7.6% Weak inMean social/Value global/ chances

Mean Value in the ACBA - 7.6% High Income Settlements

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRATIFICATION Partly good in social/ global/ chances Monthly Income Avarage per Inhabitant ($) Strong in social/ global/ chances 22240-3406 Missing connectors on the economic, the social, and the cultural level lead to higher Vulnerability in Buenos Aires Metropolitan Region. 1708-2239 Governmental fragmentation makes it difficult to work on these missing links on the big scale. 1250-1707

Below the mean value City Center

DIAGNOSIS DIAGNOSIS Economic centres

DIAGNOSIS

Ferrocarril (Railway system)1250-1707 CABA - CITY SCALE

Capital distributes infrastructures

MAIN POINTS TO CONCLUDE METROPOLISATION BUENOS AIRES - PROVINCE SCALE FRAGMENTATION The effects of Globalisation have direct and indirect connection to the different part of the The agglomeration of capital leads to smaller DIAGNOSIS spatial distances and bigger social distances. metropolitan region. Investment flows demand concrete infrastructure and security.

the Center main City

High Income Settlements

SEGREGATION

FRAGMENTATION agglomeration of capital leads to smaller spatial distances and bigger social distances.

The Missing connectors The lack of cohesiveness between the formal and

Administrative Borders

Weak in social/ global/ chances

Partly good in social/ global/ chances

Strong in social/ global/ chances Missing connectors on the economic, the social, and the cultural level lead to higher Vulnerability in Buenos Aires Metropolitan Region. Governmental fragmentation makes it difficult to work on these missing links on the big scale.

missing links on the big scale.

FRAGMENTATION The agglomeration of capital leads to smaller spatial distances and bigger social distances.

Main Economic Wealthy groups is more involved in Flows global capital distribution. Current development The lack of cohesiveness betweenSEGREGATION the formal and PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM trend leads the spcial distance between rich the informal, fosters disparity within the city. and poor Ferrocarril becomes (Railway smallersystem) and social VULNERABILITY These phenomena could foster social, distance between rich and poor becomesSource economical and environmental harms, that could Subte (Subway system) Adapted from bigger affect dramatically the conditions of Buenos Aires

Administrative Borders

SEGREGATION The lack of cohesiveness between the formal and VULNERABILITY the informal, fosters disparity within the city. global/ chances

in social/could foster social, These Weak phenomena VULNERABILITY economical and environmental harms, that could Source These phenomena could foster social, Partly good in social/ global/ of chances affect dramatically the conditions Buenos Aires economical and environmental harms, that could Adapted from affect dramatically the conditions of Buenos Aires as an emerging city in the local and the Modelo de evaluación y simulación Territorial as an emerging city in the local and the Strong in (http://www.ssplan.buenosaires.gov.co.ar) social/ global/ chances international sphere. Internet

SEGREGATION The lack of cohesiveness between the formal and the informal, fosters disparity within the city. VULNERABILITY These phenomena could foster social, economical and environmental harms, that could affect dramatically the conditions of Buenos Aires as an emerging city in the local and the international sphere.

Modelo de evaluación y simulación Territorial Premetro (Tram system) as an emerging city in the local and the Internet (http://www.ssplan.buenosaires.gov.co.ar) international sphere.

international sphere.

Missing connectors on Adapted the economic, the social, andand from Urban Fragmentation the cultural level lead tothe higher Vulnerability in Buenos ”archipelago city” Presentation 2014 Daniel Kozac Aires Metropolitan Region. Governmental fragmentation makes it difficult to work on these missing links on the big scale. 5 0 1 10

Governmental fragmentation makes it difficult to work on these missing links on the big scale.

along

Wealthy people locate geographcially Low Income Settlements proximity to city centers when few city Settlements centers locate in where Informal poor people garther.

Economic centres

Missing connectors

Subte (Subway system) 559-1249 ECONOMIC CENTRALITIES Strong in social/ global/ chances Premetro (Tram system) Missing connectors on the economic, the social, and Diversified Centralities the cultural level lead to higher Vulnerability in Buenos 0-558 Aires Metropolitan Region. Governmental Specialized Centralities fragmentation makes it difficult to work on these MAIN POINTS TO CONCLUDE

DIAGNOSIS

Source: Group 1, Globalization Course 2016, Tu Delft

DIAGNOSIS Economic centres

1708-2239 PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM

Administrative Borders Weak in social/ global/ chances

BUENOS AIRES - PROVINCE SCALE

22240-3406 Main Economic Flows

Missing connectors

DIAGNOSIS

Low Income Settlements SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRATIFICATION Monthly Income Avarage per Inhabitant ($) Informal Settlements

BUENOS AIRES - PROVINCE SCALE

MAIN POINTS TO CONCLUDE Partly good in social/ global/ chances 559-1249 Strong in social/ global/ chances METROPOLISATION Missing connectors on the economic, the social, and The effects of Globalisation have direct and the cultural level lead to higher Vulnerability in Buenos 0-558 indirect connection to the different part of the Aires Metropolitan Region. Governmental fragmentation makes it difficult to work on these metropolitan region. Investment flows demand missing links on the big scale. concrete infrastructure and security.

the informal, fosters disparity within the city.

FRAGMENTATION PROCESS

COMUNA SCALE DIAGNOSIS

Adapted from Urban Fragmentation and MAIN POINTS TO CONCLUDE the ”archipelago city” Presentation 2014 along the Daniel main Kozac

Capital distributes infrastructures 0

Source: Group 1, Globalization Course 2016, Tu Delft

Wealthy people locate geographcially proximity to city centers when few city centers locate in where poor people garther.

Source: Group 1, Globalization Course 2016, Tu Delft

As a city that emerged from the power of its port, railway system andWealthy roads, Aires is a groupsBuenos is more involved in global

The strong edges between patches reflects, a lack of cohesiveness within the territory leading to

The fragmentation process in Buenos Aires is connected to the mobility transformation and urban

Missing connectors on the economic, the social, and the cultural level lead to higher vulnerability

place where the infrastructure plays a critical role in the flows of capital. Wealthy people (involved

fragmented neighborhoods and segregated communities. However, this poor interaction, becomes

development models along history (orthogonal grid, social housing, villa, gated communities, amongst

in Buenos Aires Metropolitan Region reducing dramatically the opportunities for Buenos Aires to

in global capital distribution) are geographically located close to city center and sub centers due to

a strong potentiality that could be addressed through strategic interventions, that could make

others) .Starting from the spaniard colonial city, trough the industrialisation period until todays

SEGREGATION strengthen their position in the national and the international sphere. The lack of cohesiveness between the formal and

the accessibility and multi ple assets these places offer. Meanwhile low income people are somehow

from the Comuna 8 and 9 a positive urban model of social inclusion and spatial development.

post-industrial times. As we know both influenced the development of the traditional grid strongly

FRAGMENTATION The agglomeration of capital leads to smaller spatial distances and bigger social distances.

the informal, fosters disparity within the city. VULNERABILITY These phenomena could foster social, economical and environmental harms, that could affect dramatically the conditions of Buenos Aires as an emerging city in the local and the international sphere.

capital distribution. Current development trend leads the spcial distance between rich and poor becomes smaller and social distance between rich and poor becomes bigger

scattered” in residual places where there is a clear lack of urban and environmental quality. 0

and shaped the expansion of the metropolitan area across the rings.

STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK LEVEL 1

LEVEL 2

LEVEL 3

LEVEL 4

The first level consists of punctual interventions broadening the social radius of existing

On the second level interventions create interaction space between two patches to

The third level tries to create centralities and strengthens identify among multi ple patches, by

On the fourth level new and different socio-economic patches introduce more diversity and

patches to make the social groups more visible to each other.

make their social radiuses overlap.

connecting several smaller interventions or placing a strong magnet.

a stronger networks towards the city centre and other parts of the city is created.

THE METHOD

THE VISION

THE STRATEGY

The method for the whole project consists of 6 main steps, which are applicable for the whole Buenos Aires and with modifications even further. The hypothesis,

Our vision is to have the different social groups within a fragmented urban tissue interacting and familiarizing with each other, so that they

Our vision is based on establishing a multi-level strategic framework which is able

which is based in the analysis leads to the definition of important patches. Vision and goals lead to the strategy, which utilises the assessment of patches. The

profit from each other’s creativity , gather, trust and create community. This could be achieved by improving spatial cohesion and an activity

to integrate different social groups, allowing them to interact and familiarize with each

strategy takes place on different levels of effect and intervention. In this case Comuna 8+9 are the area used as a case study to illustrate the strategy further.

network that counteracts the trend of social segregation. We utilize what exists in the spatial grid

other, in a spatially cohesive city, in order to profit from each other’s creativity, gather

establishing a strategic framework which is able to integrate urban developments in different scales. hypothesis

definition of patches

vision and goals

strategy

interventions

and introduce punctual interventions, by

trust and create community, as a counteract the trend of social segregation.

case studies

indu s try

high r grid ise

gate d mmun co it

grid se

lowr i

250 m

soci a ousing lh

villa e iser m

Delft University of Technology | MSc in Urbanism AR0400 Globalisation: Research on the Urban Impact Q4 | 2015 - 2016

Teis Bekken, Juan Gutierrez Beltran, Pim de Haas, Alankrita Sakar, Judith Schweizer, Kallirroi Taroudaki, Yi Yu

LIVING ON THE EDGE

Accessing spatial & social diversity and building up a strategic framework for a cohesive city INTERVENTIONS

STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK

RIVER STRIPE INTERVENTIONS

AUTODROMO PARK

AVENIDA ARGENTINA INTERVENTIONS

ROUNDABOUT Added Functions

flexible units | cluster economic development

Changed traffic situation

pedestrian friendly design

Stakeholders Municipality of BsAs

Public park

possitive community space

Inhabitants

Playground Local entrepeneurs Investor

DIAGNOSIS

Users:

BUENOS AIRES - PROVINCE SCALE

DIAGNOSIS Economic centres

inhabitants of BsAs

Missing connectors Administrative Borders Weak in social/ global/ chances

Two-way road

inhabitants Villa

transformed traffic situation

surrounding inhabitants

Linear park

Partly good in social/ global/ chances

create meeting space

Strong in social/ global/ chances

MATADEROS INTERVENTIONS

ELEFANTE VERDE

MAIN POINTS TO CONCLUDE METROPOLISATION The effects of Globalisation have direct and indirect connection to the different part of the metropolitan region. Investment flows demand concrete infrastructure and security. FRAGMENTATION The agglomeration of capital leads to smaller spatial distances and bigger social distances. SEGREGATION The lack of cohesiveness between the formal and the informal, fosters disparity within the city. VULNERABILITY These phenomena could foster social, economical and environmental harms, that could affect dramatically the conditions of Buenos Aires as an emerging city in the local and the international sphere.

Time is an important component of the strategy,

The framework of stakeholders reacts to the

emphasising why the flexibility of framework is

framework strategy. The levels of effect show

necessary and how it is implemented:

up in the strong inclusion of smaller actors and users on the lower levels and short-term

Interventions on the different levels of effect can

planning, while plans on the higher levels and

either influence each other by being built up from

future plans focus on bigger players like investors

the lower level, where the trust of the inhabitants

and organisations.

is strengthened by smaller projects and allows for bigger plans afterwards, or built from the higher level, where ambitious energize smaller projects, that help fitting these ambiguous into the actual urban tissue.

STRATEGY TIMELINE

STAKEHOLDERS MATRIX

S. SYNTAX ANALYSIS Current Situation

After our interventions, the crossing area

After Interventions

WORKING ON THE EDGES between the patches and their economic and social realities, makes the strategy realistic and offers

tends to become important centre in

starting points in a very near future. It provides the chance for actual improvement of the cohesiveness within agglomerations of

comuna 8 & 9 which could be observed

neighborhoods and within the social mobility between the patches, without risking destabilization of separate patches.

in city scale map. Emerging city centre is expected to be established in the south

In the bigger picture however, the general inconsistency between the definition of informality and the handling of the trends, will

area which originally lack of centre area

continue to create problems concerning social segregation. As architects, urbanists and landscape architects we canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t solve this

for connection to larger scale.

problem, but we should take part in this essential discussion and this is the rational next step of a strategic project concerning social segregation.

PROJECT REFLECTION DIAGNOSIS BUENOS AIRES - PROVINCE SCALE

DIAGNOSIS Economic centres Missing connectors Administrative Borders Weak in social/ global/ chances Partly good in social/ global/ chances Strong in social/ global/ chances Missing connectors on the economic, the social, and the cultural level lead to higher Vulnerability in Buenos Aires Metropolitan Region. Governmental fragmentation makes it difficult to work on these missing links on the big scale.

DIAGNOSIS BUENOS AIRES - PROVINCE SCALE

By identifying the patchworks within the city, a similar strategic network could be developed in multi ple parts of the city. Then the work on different interaction levels between the most problematic divisions of CABA and AMBA can be fostered from all angles. This is the next step of a strategic project concerning social segregation.

Delft University of Technology | MSc in Urbanism AR0400 Globalisation: Research on the Urban Impact Q4 | 2015 - 2016

Teis Bekken, Juan Gutierrez Beltran, Pim de Haas, Alankrita Sakar, Judith Schweizer, Kallirroi Taroudaki, Yi Yu