Sulfur, Cozzodisi Mine, Italy; 6cm. Joe Budd Photo
August 23-26, 2018
2018
Welcome to the 8th Annual Dallas Mineral Collecting Symposium
Our Generous Sponsors A special thanks goes out to all of our sponsors. Without their support, we would never be able to make this happen! Founding Sponsor
Supporting Sponsors
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rkenstone www.iRocks.com
Dallas Mineral Collecting Symposium 2019 Speaker Lineup Mark your calendar for next year’s symposium, August 23-25, 2019
Dr. Tom Campbell
Gem Pocket Formation and Survival
2019
Edward Boehm
An inside view of Gem Crystal Production at Major Tourmaline mines, and the Ouro Preto Topaz Mine
Jeff Scovil
Travels in Brazil
John Saul
The Origin of Gem Deposits in Supercontinent Cycles
Paula Crevoshay
Illuminations: Gemstones as Art
Richard Freeman
Jonas Mine Tourmaline Discovery
Monte Zajicek
Brian Cook
Thomas Nagin
Hunting Colombian Emeralds
Novo Horizonte and Paraiba Tourmaline Adventures in Bolivia and Peru
SATURDAY, AUGUST 25 8:15 Doors Open for Check-in and Morning Mingle Coffee bar provided by The Arkenstone 9:00 9:15 10:00 11:10 11:40 12:20 1:40 1:50 2:00 2:40 3:50 4:30
Opening Remarks Dr. Robert Lavinsky Cornwall: Mining and History Dr. Robert Bowell European Mineral Collecting - Sport of Nobility and Royalty Michael Rumsey Break (10:45-11:10) Around the World in 80 Years Bob Jones A History of the Sulfur Mines of Italy Dr. Renato Pagano (Presented by Dr. Federico Pezzotta) Lunch - Texas BBQ provided by The Dallas Symposium Afternoon Welcome Dr. Eugene Meieran Special Announcement: New Museum in Tucson Allan Norville French Fluorite Mines and Mining Alain Martaud Treasures in the French Museums Dr. Eloise Gaillou Break (3:25-3:50) Kongsberg - King of Silver Mines Peter Lyckberg Treasures of the Swiss Alps Dr. Andreas Stucki
5:15 Concluding Remarks Dr. Robert Lavinsky 6:30 Cocktail Hour at the Renaissance Hotel Richardson 7:30 Dinner and Benefit Auction
Forewords
The Role of Mining Culture in China vs. the West The lack of a mining culture in China like that which developed in Europe is the principal reason why European-style mineral museums and mineral collecting failed to catch on in China. The Chinese mining industry of the Middle Ages never achieved the level of social importance that it gained in Europe, and only incremental developments in mining technology took place there for centuries—though smelting and metallurgical knowledge in some ways exceeded that of Europe. As of the early Northern Song Dynasty (a thousand years ago) there were only about 200 metal mines operating in all of China. With some notable exceptions, mining throughout the country focused mainly on small, widely scattered deposits unsuited to heavy capital investment and operated by seasonal, local, unskilled labor. Small mines were soon worked out and the local farmers who had worked in them went back to their farms. Thus, despite a few large operations for iron and copper, no true mining culture (a hereditary and local source of pride within communities of profes-
Excavated ruins of the Tonglushan copper mine, Hubei Province, active from the 11th century B.C. to the 2nd century A.D.
Forewords sional miners) developed as it had in old European mining districts like Saxony and Cornwall, and the ruling class apparently never developed the same level of pride in the natural mineral resources of their lands. Detailed information on mining technology was also scarce in the 16th and 17th centuries. Yingxing Song’s Exploitation of the Works of Nature (1637) included a chapter on the mode of occurrence and the identification of metallic ores; and Georgius Agricola’s De Re Metallica (1556) was translated into Chinese in 1640. But without a formal educational infrastructure for training mining men, the knowledge therein spread only very slowly, and so even the written works available were poorly utilized. Some mines known to collectors today (e.g. Yaogangxian and Xianghualing) were already in operation by the end of the Ming dynasty in 1644, but they still employed very primitive methods. In China, although mining had gone on for thousands of years, a university or college system like that found in Europe failed to develop, and no schools arose for the training of mining professionals until the 20th century. Court-appointed officials (surely without technical training) were sent to manage the largest mines. The Jiaozuo Coal Mining School (later renamed Henan Polytechnic University), founded in 1909 by the British Syndicate Company. Ltd., was the first such institution in the country. Later that same year the Jiaozuo School of Railroads and Mines (now known as the China University of Mining and Technology, currently located in Xuzhou, Jiangsu province) was also established. As a result of the Opium Wars in 1839–1860, and the incursion of the British, the ancient and well-organized feudal structure of China collapsed, and the country was reduced to a semi-colonial status. In the latter half of the 19th century, British mining engineers were brought in by British corporations to oversee mining operations at the larger mines in China, and these organizations finally introduced modern mining technology. Unfortunately, the British failed to instill any appreciation for mineral specimen preservation, perhaps because (unlike elsewhere in Europe) the high nobility in England from the 1700s to the present day has mysteriously shunned the collecting of minerals. Had it been the collecting-oriented Germans, Bohemians or Austrians who were the dominant invaders of China instead of the British, the mineral collecting culture in China might have turned out very differently! Dr. Wendell Wilson (Editor in Chief, Mineralogical Record)
Forewords
In Western Eyes: How Western Museums and Collectors Judge Mineral Specimens For those new to our world, we will aim here to summarize the most important criteria which are used by contemporary “Western-style” museums and private collectors in judging the quality and desirability of crystallized mineral specimens. Experienced collectors who have spent many years viewing mineral specimens in museum and private collections, and on the open market, all agree broadly about the major criteria for the judgment of “quality” in mineral specimens. That is, a set of standards exists which are more general and universal than those which derive from the personal priorities and specialties of individual collectors, and these standards are broadly applied to all mineral specimens when viewed “in Western eyes.” Typically, a collector who looks at a specimen applies the criteria to it quickly, all at once, and perhaps only half-consciously. The criteria are all elements of a unified response in the collector’s mind. (See the China Crystalline Treasures book, for a full discussion). “Old classic” specimens from famous localities which have not produced such specimens for many years or decades, or for one or two centuries, are favorites with many Western collectors. These classics are most highly prized when they are accompanied by old collection labels and/or other forms of documentation which prove their age and hint at their history as collectors’ items. Mineral specimens like these are cherished as witnesses to some of the early history of mineralogy, mining and mineral collecting, and they bring much higher prices in Western markets than contemporary specimens of the same mineral species from a new location (such as a recently opened mine in China), even when the overall quality is the same for the old and the new specimens. Older Chinese specimens, collected before 1990, have now acquired some of this same kind of value and desirability, since so few specimens were preserved from Chinese mines until the 1990s. In fact, the earliest labels we have seen on specimens for sale in the West date from a famous exhibition in 1980, when the Geological Museum of Beijing exhibited for the first time at the Tucson Gem and Mineral Show and exchanged the pieces they showed for Ameri-
Forewords can classics to take home. (They traded one of their azurite specimens for a significant cabinet-size gold specimen at the time.) We live now in a golden age of worldwide mineral collecting, with interest being continually fueled by new discoveries of crystallized minerals—especially in countries, like China, which have only recently become known internationally for producing a wide range of specimen-quality minerals. Each collector, of course, will evolve his or her own tastes and priorities in collecting fine mineral specimens. Still, there has been a longstanding cultural difference between East and West in judging which qualities of a “stone” are important to appreciate. While mineral collectors and museums in China and the West may have had somewhat different priorities, it is hoped that this attempt to describe how minerals are evaluated “in Western eyes” will contribute to broader cross-cultural understanding. Indeed it is hoped that these ideas will particularly inspire Chinese readers and miners to become even more fully informed members of the international community of those who value minerals for both art and educational purposes, and thus will encourage them to preserve and share these treasures from the ground, that otherwise all too often are destroyed and lost. Thomas Moore Editor, Mineralogical Record and Dr. Robert Lavinsky Founder, The Arkenstone
Silent and Live Auctions Tonight!
Join our silent and live auctions tonight at the banquet dinner benefitting the Mineralogical Record, Rocks & Minerals, and the Tucson Gem and Mineral Society.
In the past three years, our auctions have brought in over $150,000 to benefit these worthwhile organizations, thanks to the generosity of donors like you! Please note: Only the Tucson Gem and Mineral Society is a 501 (c) 3 organization and contributions are tax deductible. Auction purchases must be paid via three checks split between these three organizations. Credit cards are not accepted to avoid processing fees.
Dr. Robert Bowell Dr. Rob Bowell is a corporate consultant in geochemistry at SRK Consulting. He has worked in the mining industry for 30 years. He is also an enthusiastic mineral collector, specializing in minerals of the oxidation zone particularly suites from mines he has worked on. He has an extensive Cornish collection particularly from the mines of Gwennap parish and Carn Brea. He is currently involved in the exploration and development of projects in Cornwall for tin, copper and lithium. He also specializes in Tsumeb material and presented on the famous Namibian mine at the 2015 Dallas Symposium.
Cornish Mineral Legacy: Or the lasting contribution of Cousin Jack
Cornwall has been (and currently is remerging as) an active centre of hard rock mining for more than 4000 years. From the bronze age workers selling white metal to Phoenician traders to the copper and tin mining companies of the nineteenth century that promoted and paid for mining innovations that are still active today. A culture of collecting minerals was born amongst the common miners not just mine owners and consequently the mineral heritage was preserved and expanded. During the expansion of the “New World” in the nineteenth century Cornish miners brought innovation Cornish engineering (and pasties) and their collections to many parts of the world. They brought their culture including the practice of preserving ore specimens and crystals from the mines as well as bringing a small part of Cornwall with them. This presentation will explore the legacy of “Cousin Jack” (as Cornish miners were called) and the rich inheritance associated with the county. From ancient times to the modern, Cornwall continues to contribute to the mineral knowledge and heritage of our planet. Liroconite from Wheal Gorland, St. Day, Cornwall, England. 6x4x3 cm. Collected in 1975 from Bawden’s Shaft, Rob Bowell Photo
Michael Rumsey
Mike Rumsey has been professionally curating minerals for 18 years, 15 at the Natural History Museum in London (often still referred to in the US as the British Museum) and three whilst a scholar at Oxford University. Mike’s passion for preservation and collecting was clear from an early age when he was interviewed for a BBC documentary about kid collectors aged just nine. Minerals and geology ultimately became his collecting passion – merging his love of the outdoors with science and adventure. Mike is an internationally recognised and accomplished curator/researcher with a deep understanding of systematic mineralogy. He is the United Kingdom’s elected member on the IMA Commission of New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification and was honoured in 2012 for his work on type specimens and curation with the naming of the rare lead fluoroxychloride mineral ‘Rumseyite’. If he hadn’t become a mineralogist he likes to think he would have been a pro-snowboarder!
European Mineral Collecting: Sport of Nobility & Royalty
The Mineral Collection at the Natural History Museum is one of the largest, most historic and culturally significant in the world, comprising around 200,000 specimens and several thousand gems. Specimens from the UK and Europe dominate, but it is one of very few actively growing, truly global collections, with samples from every continent on our planet. We will meander through the ‘curiosity cabinet’ origins of the early 1700’s, the links to European nobility, the significance of the collection to the scientific revolution in chemistry and formulation of geology as a science. We will investigate the impact of mineral collecting as an academic pursuit for the aristocracy and well-heeled during the Victorian era and regale stories about just how far adventurers would go in order to contribute to the collection and scientific knowledge. Finally, Mike will bring you up to date with a little current scientific research, highlighting how mineral collections in museums now are just as important as they have always been.
Special Thanks to... Our loyal customers who have grown alongside us for the last 25 years, thanks for your passion and patronage.
AND The staff of The Arkenstone, without whom these events would not be possible! Kevin Brown Wally Mann Dr. Tom Campbell Rob Mosley Brandy Cleveland Jeff Starr Zach Goodman Beth Van Allen Monica Kitt Karl Warning Xiaojun Chen info@iRocks.com | www.iRocks.com | 972-437-2492 Galleries open by appointment in Dallas, Texas & Shanghai, China
Bob Jones Inspired by the Yale Peabody Museum as a child, Bob Jones has become a true legend in the mineral community for his knowledge and experience in collecting. He is a retired school teacher who has been writing magazine articles since 1960. He has served as Senior Consulting Editor for Rock and Gem since the 1990s. He holds many awards including the Carnegie Mineralogical Award, and he has served on the Tucson Show committee for 40 years! In 2003, the species bobjonesite was named in his honor, and he also wrote the 50-Year History of the Tucson Show, published by the Mineralogical Record in 2004. Bob also presented at our 2016 Symposium. (He used to be known as Bob Jones but is now “Evan Jones’s Dad”!)
Around the World in 80 Years In over 80 years of mineral collecting Bob Jones has been fortunate enough to visit most continents as a result of his participation in the Tucson Show and his magazine writings. His work with the Tucson Show brought him in contact with a host of wonderful people and this resulted unplanned, almost accidental trips to South America, Africa, Europe, Russia, and China. His Show participation also got him involved in script writing and in video work. Even his work as a writer, which began accidentally, sent him far afield. Bob will explain why he considers himself “the luckiest” rock hound in the world as he takes us through 80 years of his unplanned but enjoyable adventures. He is living proof that mineral collecting is the greatest hobby in the world.
Dr. Renato Pagano Renato Pagano was born in Catania, Italy in 1938 and earned a Doctorate in Electrical Engineering at the University of Genoa, in Italy. He also did graduate work at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York. In his professional life in industry, Renato had frequent occasions to travel abroad, to visit famous mineral localities and to meet other collectors, to see mines and minerals, and to establish interesting relationships with curators. Today the Pagano collection includes over 15,000 specimens, divided into a species collection (5300 different IMA species are represented) and an aesthetic collection. Renato is probably one of the leading experts on the heyday of sulfur mining in Italy and its postwar decline. A new mineral, paganoite, was named for Renato and Adriana in 2001. The authors of paganoite note that this was for “very competent mineralogists who have contributed significantly to the advancement of specimen mineralogy in Europe for over 25 years.� In 2013 Adriana and Renato were awarded the Pinch Medal by the Mineralogical Association of Canada, the seventh time the award was given.
A History of the Sulfur Mines of Italy
The sulfur deposits of Italy have been worked for hundreds of years, mainly for industrial use and also for the manufacturing of gunpowder during Europe’s wars. Fine crystallized specimens of sulfur, aragonite, celestine, and other minerals have been recovered from most of the mines. The culture of appreciation of the beauty of natural crystals was also a factor in the preservation of outstanding specimens. These specimens remain the standard for superb minerals to this day. Renato will share stories of his adventures to the mines since 1960, and the amazing (now mostly vanished) history of the hard lives of the miners here over the centuries. Dr. Federico Pezzotta, curator of the Milan Museum will be presenting on behalf of Renato Pagano.
Alain Martaud Alain has been a collector and geologist for 40 years. He is a long-time mineral dealer, and his personal collection contains many French minerals. His favorites are his French fluorites. Alain is also essential to the Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines show, heading up the organization for the special minerals exhibitions including “Hidden Treaures of Americas,” “Cu2+,” “Alps,” “Origins: The Colors of Wine and Stones,” “Geodes and Fumarolles: Minerals Related to Volcanism,” and most recently, the 2018 “Mineral Phantasms.” Alain also collaborates with museums, contributes to magazines such as Le Regne Mineral, and wrote the book “ The Minerals of Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines.” Alain is also passionate about his hobby of cave photography.
French Fluorite Mines and Mining
France is a longtime mining country. The exploitation of fluorite began in the late 1800s, and a century later, in 1975, France ranked the third largest fluorspar ore-producing country. Luckily, France also has a history of treasuring minerals, not only as a commodity, but also as fine crystal specimens. A large boom in fluorite collecting started in the 1960s, with special interest in the bright blue French fluorites. Alain will take you for a tour to see some goodies from the best of the 900 known veins, including finds of blue cubes, red octahedrons, big yellows, stalactites, pseudomorphs and more, from the French Riviera to the summit of Mont-Blanc; from the middle-age silver mines of once-booming SainteMarie-aux-Mines to the underground quarries of Paris.
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Dr. Eloïse Gaillou Dr. Eloïse Gaillou is the curator of the Mineralogy Museum, «l’École des Mines de Paris» (Paris School of Mines), MINES ParisTech. She completed her Masters and PhD, with research focusing on opals and diamonds. Dr. Gaillou continued studying diamonds during her postdoc at the Smithsonian, then at the Carnegie Institution, both in Washington, DC. She took the position of associate curator at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County in 2012, before returning to France in 2015 to curate the School of Mines Museum, where she oversees the collection of 100,000 specimens and takes care of the permanent and temporary exhibits. She is the Vice-President of the Society of Mineral Museum Professionals (SMMP) and a board member of the French Mineralogical Society (Société française de Minéralogie et Cristallographie). She tries to reconcile her curator’s job and her ongoing research on diamonds, not only for their remarkable color but also for what they tell us about the Deep Earth. As she says, “Diamonds are indeed this girl’s best friend!”
Treasures in the French Museums
Museums represent the planetary repository of mankind’s heritage. In museums, collections are stored, cataloged and preserved over time, making them inestimable treasures. They constitute material available for research, which can also be completed and reinterpreted over centuries. They permit access to all the wonders of the natural world. And behind these treasures, hides the willingness of curious individuals. In France, we can trace the enthusiasm of having a national treasure back to François the 1st, who founded the French Crown Jewels in 1530. In the Europe nobility, “curiosity cabinets” were fashionable from the 16th century on. King Louis the 13th created his own in 1633, which eventually became the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle after the French Revolution. With this presentation, we will embark on a journey through French national collections and collectors of minerals and gems. From one museum to the other, we will discover some iconic pieces and historic figures, as well as some hidden ones.
Peter Lyckberg Peter Lyckberg is a Swedish life-long mineral collector and researcher. He travels to study the geology and mineralogy of mineral, gem and ore deposits in situ. His interest started as a toddler finding muscovite, quartz and red feldspar among the grey granite gravel on his grandparents walkway. He studied civil engineering and geology at Chalmers University of Technology. He is well known for his knowledge of mineral deposits including ore deposits of Kongsberg, Malmberget and many others in Scandinavia. He also studied gem pegmatite fields in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Ukraine, Russia (Ural Mountains, Transbaikal), Afghanistan, Pakistan, Namibia, Brazil, California, Maine. He is a well known speaker and writer of 60 articles and chapters of books on geology, mineralogy and gemmology. Peter has been on the editorial board for several mineralogical journals since 1985. Peter is an independent researcher and scientific collaborator with the Museum of Natural History in Luxembourg. For the past 21 years he has worked as a nuclear inspector for the European Commission in Luxembourg.
Kongsberg: King of Silver Mines
From the start of mining in 1623 beautiful native silver wires specimens and rare crystals were preserved and sent to the Kings of Denmark/Norway and sold to visitors to the mines. During 335 years of mining some 50,000 silver specimens were sold and registered as to weight, where found, sold to whom, all for bullion value. Today Kongsberg silvers are the top of classic mineral specimens and the mine is probably the very first one where specimens were saved systematically from the start and throughout its long history. Silver wire with Calcite, Kongsberg, Norway. 11cm. Swedish Museum of Natural History (Stockholm) Collection, Peter Lyckberg Photo
Dr. Andreas Stucki
Dr. Andreas (Andy) Stucki is a full-blooded mineral and geology enthusiast since childhood days. With a Master’s degree on high grade metamorphic rocks in the Northern Italian Alps, Andy received his Ph.D. from the Swiss Technical Institute (ETH) in Zurich, Switzerland, for his work on the geochemistry and mineralogy of formerly oceanic rocks in the Southern Alps. A passionate mountain climber, a passion he shares with his wife, he has visited most of the mineral producing regions of Switzerland, no matter how remote and rugged their nature. Manager and co-owner of Siber+Siber Ltd, Switzerland’s biggest mineral and gem dealership, Andy has been a regular visitor to the major U.S. mineral shows during the last 27 years. Throughout the last 15 years, Andy has constantly expanded the share of Swiss minerals in the company’s inventory, making the selection one of the largest in Europe.
Swiss Alpine Treasures
The small country of Switzerland in the heart of the Alps hosts a remarkable wealth of beautiful minerals. Most famous and spectacular of them all is quartz in several typical habits, for example gwindels, Tessin Habit and more. Both size and quality of some of the quartz finds easily rival the best in other parts of the world. Fluorite is another much sought after specialty of the central Alps occurring in rare pink colors. In addition, rose-like hematite crystal clusters (“iron rose”), sharp adularia crystals, anatase, brookite and milarite are just a few more of the mineral species found in wonderful specimens. Last but not least, Switzerland also hosts a worldclass locality for rare sulfosalts named Lengenbach. It is type locality to more than 40 species of minerals. Recovering Alpine beauties is dangerous work. Andy will share some of the exciting aspects of hunting and finding Alpine treasures in the midst of towering granite peaks and glaciers. Smoky quartz from Rufibach Pocket, Vordre Zinggenstock, Grimsel, Berne, Switzerland. 11.5cm. Thomas Scheupbach Photo.
Joe Budd Photos
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Beginning as one of the three original research programs in the Graduate Research Center of the Southwest in 1961 that evolved into the University of Texas at Dallas, the mission of the UTD Department of Geosciences is to deliver a challenging, stimulating, and useful education in geosciences to undergraduates and graduates at all degree levels and to add to our understanding of the Earth through the research of students, faculty, and staff. Our research has sent faculty and students to all seven continents, to the bottom of the ocean and into outer space. Our new sponsorship of the Dallas Mineral Collecting Symposium reinforces our mission of providing breadth and depth of understanding of how the Earth formed and evolved and how Earth processes make rocks and minerals that are interesting, beautiful, and valuable.
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Important Addresses
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Before you go... Stop by for coffee, bagels, and a relaxing opportunity to explore and shop at The Arkenstone Gallery Sunday, August 26 9AM-12PM