eNongqai Vol 5 No 3 by Hennie Heymans

Your national security history magazine without malice. U nasionale veiligheidsgeskiedenistydskrif sonder kwaadwilligheid. Om die verlede te bewaar sonder om in die verlede te leef.

To preserve the past without living the past.

WIE IS ONS? / WHO ARE WE? We are an informal group of police and defence veterans who would like to foster an interest in South Africa‘s police, defence and national security history from 1652 with cut-off-date 1994; when the new South Africa came into being. We only tell and explain what we did; for we were the ―on the spot‖ eyewitnesses! In fact we are the ones you saw in the news reels of the time following orders from parliament. However we have to debate the incidents because our memory is fallible as we grow older. In the terms of the day "we earned the Tshirt and right to tell our stories for you to enjoy with malice towards none." In the suburbs we see so many gardeners wearing those T-shirts! We all can learn from the past.

Genl Johan van der Merwe Beskermheer Patron

Ronnie Beyl

Johan Jacobs

Lt-Col W Marshall

Glenn Elsden 

Anemari Jansen

Adv Len Els

HBH

The Editorial Team

Editor: HB ―Hennie‖ Heymans, MA (Brigadier, SAP & SSSC - Ret) Ass-Editor: J Jacobs (CPO SA Navy & Marines - Ret) SA Railway Police: Brig R Beyl Legal Advisor: Col Len Els, MMM, LLD, SC Special Correspondent: Anemarie Jansen (MA) Defence: Lt-Col W Marshall Webmaster & Grahic Design: Glenn Elsden (Lt-Col, SAP & SAPS – Ret)

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Skrywers van Rubrieke / Authors

Walter Volker

Solidariteit

Retha Becker Pierce

Kol Van Rensburg

LEGALITIES This publication is not intended to be a comprehensive review of all developments in policing/ national security or to cover all aspects of those referred to. Readers should take legal and other advice before applying the information contained in this publication to specific issues or transactions. The eNongqai contains various and sundry personal opinions of different correspondents and neither the compiler of eNongqai nor eNongqai will be held responsible for any of their comments which is entirely their own and not necessarily that of eNongqai or its publishers.

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To all future correspondents

This condition must be placed at the end of your article: "The author of this article shall indemnify and hold harmless eNongqai and its publishers from any and all third-party claims, proceedings, actions, expenses, and damages (including attorney fees) in connection with a breach or alleged breach of the representations and warranties made in this article."

This is not a literary magazine, but a magazine by; and for veterans of the SA Security Forces; we want to capture the words and moods as written by our former veterans. Beware of graphic language.

CONTENTS WIE IS ONS? / WHO ARE WE? ............................................................................................ 2 

The Editorial Team ...................................................................................................... 3

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Skrywers van Rubrieke / Authors ............................................................................. 3

LEGALITIES ............................................................................................................................ 3 

To all future correspondents................................................................................... 3

WELCOME /WELKOM ....................................................................................................... 10 

Webmaster: Glen Elsden ........................................................................................... 10

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Africa Police Journal .................................................................................................. 10

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Website: eNongqai Publications .............................................................................. 11 Police and Politics ......................................................................................................... 11

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Facebook: Suid-Afrikaanse Polisie – Afgetrede Lede: Patrick Coetzee ............ 12

OUR FRONT PAGE .............................................................................................................. 13 MOMENT OF SILENCE / OOMBLIK VAN STILTE ....................................................... 13 Genl-maj JAP Burger (SAP-TIN)................................................................................. 13 PERSONALIA VANAF 27 JANUARIE TOT 28 FEB 2014: JOHAN JACOBS ............. 14 

Afsterwe ...................................................................................................................... 14

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Siekboek....................................................................................................................... 14 Shorty Kamango: SAP Koevoet .................................................................................. 14

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Verjaarsdae:................................................................................................................. 15

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Verlowings, huwelike & geboortes ......................................................................... 15

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Allegaartjie .................................................................................................................. 15

WE WILL REMEMBER THEM / SAL ONS OU KENNISE OOIT VERGEET? ............ 16 

South African Police Officer Memorial: Gerhard Engelbrecht, NZ .................... 16

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SAS Pres Kruger: Remembrance Pledge and SS Mendi Remembrance Parade16

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SA Legion: Mendi Memorial at Avalon Cemetery, Soweto. ............................... 19 4

SA POLICE / SA POLISIE .................................................................................................... 21 Die Boek: Die Gloriejare van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiemag................................... 21 

Police History: SAP College: Johan Herselman ..................................................... 25

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SAP 55(a) ..................................................................................................................... 26

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Police Art: Billy Cox ................................................................................................... 26

Police Personalities ............................................................................................................... 28 

Oom Stefaans Lerm: Tertius Barnard...................................................................... 28

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Ware Heer: Brig Theuns Botha Arlow sy gade en mev Ans Arlow (HBH) ...... 28

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Besoek aan kol Gawie & mev Heilie Richter: Nylstroom (HBH) ........................ 34

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Glenn Elsden ............................................................................................................... 41

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Ek onthou my pa ........................................................................................................ 44 Herinneringe soos opgeteken deur Retha Becker Pierce ........................................ 44

RS012 Onthou .................................................................................................................... 50 

Serse Fred Geldenhuis, MC, MMM & Carl Otto, DCM .................................... 51

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Selbourne ................................................................................................................. 52

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Politieke onderstrominge ...................................................................................... 53

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Rooi Eed ................................................................................................................... 54

Gestapo-houding? Hugo Hannemann........................................................................... 54 Maj (dr) M van Wyk: BO SAP Museum ........................................................................ 56 

Bond van Oud-polisiebeamptes: Wynberg (Wes-Kaap) ...................................... 57

KOEVOETBOND .................................................................................................................. 58 

Sertifikate oorhandig as blyk van waardering – 8 Februarie 2014 ..................... 58 

Teks: Anemari Jansen en foto’s deur Larry Hanton .......................................... 58

SAPS MUSEUM PRETORIA ............................................................................................... 63 

Visit SAPS Museum by Prof E van der Spuy (UCT) ............................................. 63 

Soweto: Crimes against Humanity ...................................................................... 77

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Torture by the South African Police .................................................................... 77

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Steve Camp (Durban) ............................................................................................ 84

SA RAILWAYS POLICE / SA SPOORWEGPOLISIE....................................................... 85 5

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Vrystaat: Thys du Plessis .......................................................................................... 85

SA DEFENCE FORCE / SA WEERMAG ........................................................................... 87 

Inquiry: Oxford Harbour View Project - East London ......................................... 87

SADF: EBBEHOUT AND NETOR ...................................................................................... 87 Two Major Telecommunications Infrastructure Projects of the South African Army by Walter Volker ............................................................................................................... 87 1. Background ................................................................................................................ 87 2. Project Ebbehout ....................................................................................................... 88 Project Study .................................................................................................................. 88 Project Management Team .......................................................................................... 89 Project Boundaries ........................................................................................................ 89 Ebbehout System Definition ........................................................................................ 90 First tests ......................................................................................................................... 90 Implementation programme ....................................................................................... 91 The Carrier Infrastructure ............................................................................................ 94 The HF Standby Network ............................................................................................ 95 Ebbehout and Netor - Two Major Telecommunications Infrastructure Projects of the South African Army by Walter Volker.................................................................... 95 PART II ............................................................................................................................... 95 3. PROJECT NETOR ..................................................................................................... 95 The First Steps ............................................................................................................... 96 The Project ...................................................................................................................... 96 Project Personnel ........................................................................................................... 97 Systems Design .............................................................................................................. 97 Project Launch and Implementation .......................................................................... 98 Deployment ................................................................................................................... 98 The Shelters .................................................................................................................... 99 4. ORGANISATION ................................................................................................... 100 5. Bases and Stations ................................................................................................... 101 Ebbehout Receiver Station: Boekenhoutskloof ....................................................... 101 6

Ebbehout Transmitter Station: Rooiwal................................................................... 102 Blenny – the SA Army Operations and Communications Centre ....................... 103 Ebbehout Tropo Stations ............................................................................................ 103 Hanglip, Louis Trichardt ........................................................................................... 105 Louwsburg Tropo Station .......................................................................................... 105 

Yucando Karate: Col Len Els, SC, SANDF ........................................................... 106

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Modelling Conflict 100: Modelling Modern South African Armour: Lt Col W

Marshall ............................................................................................................................ 107 

William Marshall .................................................................................................. 108

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Steve Crump.......................................................................................................... 109

The Casspir: William Marshall...................................................................................... 110 Buffel APC: William Marshall ....................................................................................... 110 Kol MJJ van Rensburg (SALM – Afgetree) ...................................................................... 111 Die knoopskêr...................................................................................................................... 112 National Servicemen to stay on Veterans’ Database ..................................................... 113 BRITISH SOUTH AFRICA POLICE ................................................................................. 114 NATIONAL SECURITY / NASIONALE VEILIGHEID ................................................ 115 

Opinie - Rapport.......................................................................................................... 115 

Polisie is meer mag as diens ............................................................................... 115

South Africa: Private Security Industry ....................................................................... 116 

Restrictions on foreign ownership of private security companies are

necessary - Nathi Mthethwa. ..................................................................................... 116 National Security................................................................................................................. 118 East vs West ..................................................................................................................... 118 

Putin's useful idiots .............................................................................................. 118

REGSPLEGING ................................................................................................................... 126 

Crime: eToll (internet) ................................................................................................ 126 Dr Johan Burger (Genl-Maj SAP / SAPD - Afgetree) ................................................. 128 

Hoe nou, Blou? Hanlie Retief ................................................................................. 128

SILENCE IN COURT / STILTE IN DIE HOF .................................................................. 132 7

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Adv Len Els : Uit Aquila Bundel 2 (in wording). ............................................... 132

MILITARY HISTORY / MILITÊRE GESKIEDENIS ....................................................... 133 

WW2: 2 SA Division: via Johan Visagè ................................................................. 133

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Ditsong National Museum of Military History: Dave Fell ................................ 134

CIVIL AVIATION ............................................................................................................... 135 

BA A380 over Robben Island – Leon (Div) de Villiers.................................... 135

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Glen Warden & Mark Mansfield........................................................................ 135

BOOKS / BOEKE ................................................................................................................. 136 

Unmaking of the torturer: Elaine Bing.................................................................. 136

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External Mission: The ANC in Exile, 1960-1990: Stephen Ellis ......................... 136

New books from 30o South ............................................................................................ 136 

Bwana wa Polisi & One Beat of a Butterfly’s Heart ........................................ 136

Other New Books from Pan Macmillan South Africa ............................................... 137 

The Fall of the ANC ............................................................................................. 137

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Tutu: The Authorised Portrait ............................................................................ 137

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Winnie Mandela's prison memoirs .................................................................... 137

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The Lone Ranger: Helen Suzman legacy, revisited Marianne Thamm............ 138

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Justice – A Personal Account .................................................................................. 141

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Ex Libris: Ben Conradie (via Div de Villiers) ....................................................... 145 

Ex Libris: The Art of Bookplates ........................................................................ 146

MILITARIA / MEDALJES, UNIFORMS ETC/ ENS ....................................................... 147 INTERNATIONAL FORCES / INTERNASIONALE MAGTE ..................................... 147 

Can you spot the sniper?......................................................................................... 147

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Camouflage – via Paul Els (SADF) ........................................................................ 163

Cape Town Harbour: Visiting Fleet: Leon (Div) de Villiers (SAP – SGU).................. 164 

Bergamini Class frigate........................................................................................ 164

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SAPS Water Wing................................................................................................. 165

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The Cavour Type Aircraft carrier ...................................................................... 166

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Supply ship Etna .................................................................................................. 167 8

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The view from the top ......................................................................................... 167

British Police & Miners’ Strike ...................................................................................... 168 

Say sorry for Maggie's role in the miners' strike, Labour tell the Tories...... 168

MI5 .................................................................................................................................... 173 Ex-secret agent infuriates colleagues by putting special MI5 edition of Breitling watch for sale on eBay ................................................................................................ 173 NICE TO KNOW................................................................................................................. 176 News: Government Employees Pension Fund ........................................................... 176 

GEPF payment dates for 2014: Lt-Col G Serfontein ........................................ 176

Violin Spiders in Kettle : Robbie Green ....................................................................... 177 

Spider & Scorpion First Aid / Email Hoaxes and Misinformation / Violin

Spiders in Kettle .......................................................................................................... 177 SAPS Affirmative Action: Renate Barnard case ......................................................... 178 

Boeing 797-Blended ‘Wing & Fuselage Design’ .................................................. 179

LETTERS / BRIEWE ............................................................................................................ 181 

Oud-AO Dimitri Gatzanis se verhaal: Sy stres het gelei tot Altzheimers....... 181 

Pat Freeman who worked with Dimitri has this to say this about him. ...... 182

Reünie Rita van der Merwe ........................................................................................... 183 

Phil Beck : Cape Town ............................................................................................. 185 

2013 Darwin Awards ........................................................................................... 185

REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION & PHOTOS / VERSOEK MBT INLIGTING EN FOTO’S ................................................................................................................................. 187 

Maj Gideon Lotz: Oos-Kaap ................................................................................... 187

VONKFIKSIE MET ERKENNING AAN RAPPORT ..................................................... 187 

Tot die dood ons skei ........................................................................................... 187

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Moord op my werf ............................................................................................... 187

THE MARKET PLACE / DIE MARKPLEK ..................................................................... 188 OOR ‘N KOPPIE KOFFIE .................................................................................................. 188 Golden Moments ............................................................................................................. 189 CONCLUSION / SLOT ...................................................................................................... 194 9

KONTAKBESONDERHEDE / CONTACT DETAILS ................................................... 194 Greetings – Groete ...................................................................................................... 195 Salute! Saluut! .............................................................................................................. 195 Hennie Heymans No 43630 © 2014 .......................................................................... 195 ANNEXURE ‚A‛ ................................................................................................................ 195 

SOUTH AFRICAN MILITARY HISTORY SOCIETY: J VAN DEN BERG ...... 195 

Books ...................................................................................................................... 202

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Forthcoming Meetings ......................................................................................... 203

ANNEXURE ‚B‛ ................................................................................................................. 204 

IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA; GAUTENG DIVISION,

PRETORIA ....................................................................................................................... 204 Summary ...................................................................................................................... 205 Order ............................................................................................................................. 212 WELCOME /WELKOM We welcome all readers, wherever they may be in the world, to this new edition of the eNONGQAI. Please enjoy this issue and spare a thought for our former members (and their families) who through no fault of their own, are now working and living all over the globe. The summer has past and we can feel that autumn is on the way. After winter it will soon be Christmas again, time waits for no man!  Webmaster: Glen Elsden We welcome in our midst Glenn Elsden our new webmaster in the place of the late Bruce Jones. Glenn Elsden is former Lt-Col of the South African Police where he served as a ballistic expert. He is an accomplished author and a very creative person! Welcome aboard, Glenn! Our readers will notice that the format of our magazine has changed drastically for the better!  Africa Police Journal Our second edition of the Africa Police Journal has seen the light of day. The purpose of the magazine is to focus on law enforcement in Africa and the history of policing in Africa. It is our view that we as Africans know our continent and we know our people, we should reach out to one another in Africa and share knowledge with one another. We would like to hear from South Africans and other friends who have visited other police forces in Africa. Share your experiences and photographs. We would also like to hear from other policemen in Africa, where ever they may be. You are invited to please share your knowledge about police in Africa with us.

Here is the link to the latest edition: http://issuu.com/hennieheymans/docs/apj__vol_1_no_2_final  Website: eNongqai Publications You are cordially invited to our new website. We had a website called ―The South African Police Force‖. After the death of Bruce Jones we could not re-activate the ―old‖ website and we were left with the choice to start a new website. Our main objective is still to preserve our history. Policemen have hobbies and we also cater for their hobbies, interests, militaria, books, documents and photographs. We are there to help one another! Our legacy is to preserve the past for coming generations. Here is the link to the site still under construction: http://www.enongqaipublications.com/index.html Police and Politics We have four items carrying political comment. The history of politics in the police is important to understand the past. We were thought to be Nazi’s or Gestapo-like policemen. A licence to kill wantonly! Yes, we had one or two people who were unsuited for police work, but the most of the policemen were dedicated policemen – race played no role in the execution of their duties. Read about the wartime feelings between the ―Colonials‖, the Broerders and the Free Masons. There was a time when all the commissioned officers were 99% British born, most detectives were also English. Then the period of the Afrikaners came – 1948 and all that jazz. It was payback time. Then came 1994 and his is what astonishes me: From 1913 to 1994 Black & White worked side to side in the Apartheid Police – Blacks were our mentors and then from 1994 the silly business of colour and sex came in. Today we have a new breed of Apartheid and: ―Hey presto; suddenly there were no ‗good Policemen‘. I think it is a perception, we have good policemen but we lack good leadership! Command, Control and Intelligence are they key words in policing. Too-many CREMORA officers! It‘s not inside; it‘s on top! (On the shoulders, the pips, you know.) See Dr Johan Burger‘s comments: If there is one thing a real policeman hates, then it‘s a plastic policeman! A Haas1 with pips! We have too many plastic officers, chaps that have no experience or exposure what so ever – they are brigadiers and generals whilst in their 30‘s! They are not streetwise, have no experience, do not know the law; never mind the constitution! They only have a fancy uniform, a lot of pips (not earned or worked for!) a nice car (or cars) and pretentious office! One of these officers had the new RSA Flag mounted upside down in his office. Bring back guts, integrity, discipline and pride! Bring back police promotion exams! Bring back Station Commanders that actually read their station‘s Occurrence Books, bring back District Commandants, specialised units etc. The public like to applaud a smart policeman!

A civilian in SAP parlance - HBH

Brig CC von Keyserlingk was known as ―Umoba‖ (sugar cane) amongst the Zulu Policemen; my late father Sgt Heymans told me, Curt von Keyserlingk always said: ―If you don‘t want to be a policeman, go and chop sugar cane!‖ One day Col Von Keyserlingk paid me a visit at my station. He had a cup of tea and I had coffee. He mentioned something I never forgot: ―You alway return a salute, from ladies to night watchmen who greet you!‖ 

Facebook: Suid-Afrikaanse Polisie – Afgetrede Lede: Patrick Coetzee

‗n Paar jaar gelede het ons ‗n FACEBOOK bladsy geskep met die naam: ―Suid-Afrikaanse Polisie – Afgetrede Lede.‖ https://www.facebook.com/groups/44388598559/ Die admins het besluit dat slegs lede wat ‗n verbintenis met die SAP het of vir SAP-geskiedenis lief is, lid van die blad kan word. Ja, ons het soms ‗n problem met krutaal maar ons ignoreer dit. Politiek en godsdiens is egter taboe. Kom gesels beskaafd en indien u debat wil voer is u welkom – verdedig u stelling; moenie u opponent beswadder nie. Respekteer vryheid van spraak. Indien u wil aansluit kontak vir Patrick op FB of by epos vir Patrick Coetzee: patrickcoetzee@gmail.com

OUR FRONT PAGE See article on p 165 by Leon de Villiers about the visitng fleet to Cape Town harbour.

MOMENT OF SILENCE / OOMBLIK VAN STILTE Genl-maj JAP Burger (SAP-TIN) Medekinders van die Here, al kom hierdie "mail" ook nou al 20 keer verby jou, kan jy elke keer saambid. Onthou Jesus se gelykenis van die knaende vrou en die ongeduldige regter? Hoeveel eerder dan nie ons Hemelse Vader nie? Ons land begin brand, en niemand het raad nie. Ons mense is arm en honger, en daar is te min genade en te veel anderpad kyk. 2 Kron 7:14 "..... as my volk, oor wie my naam uitgeroep is, Hulle verootmoedig en bid en my aangesig soek en hulle bekeer van Hul verkeerde weë, dan sal Ek uit die hemel hoor en hulle sonde vergewe En hulle land genees." GEBEDSAKSIE Ons doen dit soos volg: Wanneer jy hierdie e-pos ontvang, dan bid jy sommer daar waar jy nou sit. Nadat jy gebid het, dan stuur jy hierdie e-pos aan soos die Gees van God jou lei. BID SAAM : 1. Hemelse Vader ons bid vir berou en bekering 2. Vader ons bid vir vergifnis van ons sonde 3. Ons bid dat U die mense se geestelike oë en ore sal oopmaak 4. Ons bid dat U die mense in Suid-Afrika genadig sal wees en sal seën 5. Ons DANK U vir reën wat reeds geval het en bid dat U genoeg reën Sal stuur na plekke wat smag daarna 6. Ook dat U alle onskuldige Suid-Afrikaners sal beskerm teen al die Geweld 7. En dat daar 'n positiewe verandering in Suid-Afrika sal plaasvind Ons bid dit in die Naam van JESUS. Amen

PERSONALIA VANAF 27 JANUARIE TOT 28 FEBRUARIE 2014: JOHAN JACOBS 

Afsterwe

Dit is met innige leedwese dat ons die We deeply regret to announce the deaths afsterwe van die volgende oudlede van of the following former members of the die Mag of die van ons vriende moet Force or those of our fiends: aankondig: Maandag 27 Jan: Kol Dries STRUWIG van VT JVP is op 25 Jan 2014 oorlede. Donderdag 30 Jan: Brig Leon (LJA) Grobbelaar S/K van Paarl is vanoggend oorlede! Sundag 02 Feb: It is with great sadness to inform you of the death of 0086456-1 Warrant Officer Jan Cilliers of SAPS K9 UNIT (Vaalrand) Dinsdag 04 Feb: Tubby Myburg berig dat sy ou moeder vanoggend 02:00 oorlede is in die Bay View Hospitaal met hartvesaaking. Vrydag 07 Feb: Lt Kol Koos Prinsloo van Kwa Mhlanga PKRS is vandag in 'n motorongeluk oorlede. Hy was voorheen op Secunda gestasioneer. Sondag 09 Feb: kol. Okkie Ferreira is gister oorlede! Maandag 10 Feb: Bennie vd Walt voormalig by Salarisnavrae, Finansiële Dienste, Hoofkantoor, Pretoria, is verlede week oorlede. Vrydag 21 Feb: Luit.Bossie Boshoff verbonde aan springstof opleiding is Maandagoggend 17 Februarie 2014 oorlede! Vrydag 21 Feb: Brig Sakkie van der Merwe is vanmiddag net na 15:00 aan kanker oorlede. Sondag 23 Feb: Generaal Martin Nel is vanoggend 00:06 oorlede. Sondag 23 Feb: Jan van As voorheen van Soweto is ook oorlede.

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Siekboek

Shorty Kamango: SAP Koevoet

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Verjaarsdae:

Woensdag 29 Jan: Eugene de Kock verjaar vandag! Donderdag 06 Feb: Hennie Heymans verjaar vandag so ook John Fletcher! Dinsdag 11 Feb: Is Peter Tommo Thomson se verjaarsdag vandag! Woensdag 12 Feb: Is Sonja de Lange se verjaarsdag vandag! Sonja is die vrou van genl.maj. Gert de Lange voorheen van die Oos-Rand en later jare van Hillbrow. Donderdag 13 Feb: Is Johan de Beer se verjaarsdag vandag! Sondag 16 Feb: Vandag verjaar Paul Du Preez! Dinsdag 18 Feb: Vandag vier Ernest Frederick Dinkyboucher sy geboorte dag! Donderdag 20 Feb: Gerhard Booysen vier sy verjaarsdag vandag! Woensdag 26 Feb: Patrick Coetzee verjaar vandag! Vrydag 28 Feb: Terrence Schwartz verjaar vandag!

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Kennisgewings en reunies

Erika Venter berig dat daar ŉ groot reünie plaas vind vir almal wat oor die dekades heen by SANAB regoor die land gewerk het. As enigiemand weet van iemand wat by SANAB gewerk het gee bietjie inligting deur en laat hulle op SANAB FB inskakel. Reünie laaste naweek van Maart 2014 in Ermelo.

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Verlowings, huwelike & geboortes

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Allegaartjie

Donderdag 13 Feb: Petro Heyneke berig dat vandag sou haar polisieverjaardag gewees het, sy is 36 jaar gelede geattesteer in die kollege.

Sondag 23 Feb: Gawie Botha berig: Met ŉ gemoedelike inleidingsaandete is Armand my seun gisteraand verkies as voorsitter van "Round Table" 44 Paarl. Saamgestel deur Johan Jacobs

Kontak besonderhede 0769287320 Epos: jhnjacobs65@gmail.com GROETE TOT DIE VOLGENDE PERSONALIA

WE WILL REMEMBER THEM / SAL ONS OU KENNISE OOIT VERGEET? 

South African Police Officer Memorial: Gerhard Engelbrecht, NZ

 SAS Pres Kruger: Remembrance Pledge and SS Mendi Remembrance Parade By Peter Dickens from the SA Legion

Looking east at the Bicester war memorial, Oxford, England-Peter Dickens

From Mark Wilkie in Doliu Taiwan.

From Chris van Rooyen in Italy

Albert Towell, Wayne Armstrong and 7 others at the Jacky Fisher Shellhole

Marius Avenant-To be remembered, is to live on.

Johan Jacobs from Benoni, SA

Clint Marquardt-they will not be forgotten. From Normandy in Surrey.

Cecil Galloway from Kabul, Afghanistan - We will remember them

ď&#x201A;ˇ SA Legion: Mendi Memorial at Avalon Cemetery, Soweto.

South Africa remembers worst wartime sea disaster. This is in the Avalon Cemetery, Soweto, where many of the Mendi victimsâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; families are buried.

The families remember

SA POLICE / SA POLISIE

Die Boek: Die Gloriejare van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiemag Dit is bykans 101 jaar gelede dat die destydse Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiemag op 1 April 1913 ingevolge artikel 7 van die Polisiewet van 1912 tot stand gekom het. Die eerste 15 jaar was veral baie woelige jare gewees. Hoewel daar al sedert die vroegste tye in elke land ter wêreld een of ander soort van misdaadtoepassing was, was hierdie polisiemag vir SuidAfrika die eerste georganiseerde polisiemag gewees. As mens ons land se arbeidsonrus oor die afgelope eeu deeglik bestudeer, is dit seker glad nie snaaks dat die splinternuwe polisiemag se heel eerste groot uitdaging die mynstakings van 1913 was, skaars twee maande na die totstandkoming van die Mag. Die grootskaalse staking waaraan sowat 19 000 mynwerkers deelgeneem het, het ontstaan ná ‗n meningsverskil tussen die wit mynwerkers van die Kleinfontein Goudmymmaatskappy in Benoni en die bestuurder van die myn, ene mnr. Bultman. Net die volgende jaar het die polisie weer met ŉ staking te doene gekry. Die keer die nywerheidstaking waaraan nie net mynwerkers weer deelgeneem het nie, maar die keer ook spoorwegamptenare dwarsdeur die destydse Unie. In die jaar het die eerste onweerswolke van die Eerste Wêreldoorlog ook begin opsteek en breek die oorlog toe ook inderwaarheid in 1914 uit. In baie opsigte was dit vir die polisie ‗n verwarrende en vreemde ervaring. Die polisie sou ook nog sowat dertig jaar later weer met oorlog te doene kry toe die Tweede Wêreldoorlog uitgebreek het en dan natuurlik mag ons nie vergeet van die reuse aandeel wat die destydse polisie gehad het as eerste linie in die Grensoorlog, of soos dit ook genome is die Bosoorlog. Sedert daai dag toe alle mynbedrywighede by die myn op 27 Mei 1913 tot stilstand gekom het, was mynstakings, en is dit vandag nog, steeds waarskynlik een van die polisie se grootste uitdagings. Mynstakings het net deur die jare meer en groter geword en ook meer geweldadiger geword. Mense is gedurende hierdie stakings doodgeskiet, soos die voorval voorverlede jaar by Marikana toe 34 mynwerkers op die sogenaamde koppie deur die polisie doodgeskiet is na ‗n lang uitgerekte mynstaking. Nou kan julle met reg vra hoekom ek dan nou vandag vir julle hier ‗n geskiedenisles in die ontstaan van die polisiemag en mynstakings gee? Die rede is eenvoudig! Soos baie van julle teen die tyd waarskynlik reeds bewus is, het ek in samewerking met veral genl. Johan van der Merwe, die laaste kommissaris van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiemag soos die van ons wat voor 1994 in die polisie was dit geken het, brig. Hennie Heymans en talle oudpolisielede saamgespan om ŉ feesblad te skryf oor die GLORIEJARE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE POLISIEMAG! Die doel is om die 100-jarige bestaansjaar van die polisiemag te gedenk. Gloriejare was daar baie, vir baie duisende polisiemanne en –vroue, al het die vroue eers in 1972 deel van die polisiemag geword. Daar was egter ook baie moeilike jare, baie uitdagings, baie hartseer jare en veral baie jong lede van nie net die polisie nie, maar ook die weermag wat vir baie jare lank ŉ bloedige oorlog op die grense van ons land gevoer het, om die toe gevreesde Kommuniste uit ons land uit te hou. Baie gesinne het kinders aan die dood afgestaan op die grense. Jong polisiemanne is in stede en dorpe in bomontploffings stukkend geruk. Onskuldige lede van die gemeenskap is in die lafhartige bomontploffings

stukkend geruk. Dink maar aan die Kerkstraat-bom, die bomme by die landdroskantore in Johannesburg, die bom by ŉ winkelsentrum in Amanzimtoti, bomme wat in veral die destydse Messina-gebied op plaaspaaie gestel is en onskuldige mense gedood en vermin het. Al die opofferinge en bloedvergieting het toe tog aan die einde van die dag geblyk tevergeefs gewees toe die politici besluit het om oor te gee. Op 27 April 1994 het die einste magte soos die ANC wat die polisie se met mag en mening beveg het toe tog maar beheer oor die land gekry nadat hulle ŉ oorweldigende meerderheid in die eerste demokratiese verkiesing behaal het. Die res, soos hulle sê, is geskiedenis. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiemag het tot ŉ einde gekom en die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens het die eerste lewenslig aanskou. Die polisie het ook te staan gekom voor van die wreedaardigste moorde. Ons dink maar hier aan die moord op dr. Johan Heyns wat in sy eie huis deur ‗n venster doodgeskiet is en wie se moord vandag nog nie opgelos is nie. Ons dink aan die wrede moorde op die destydse politikus dr. Robert Smit en sy vrou Cora-Jean in hul huurhuis in Springs in 1977. Ook die moord is nog ie opgelos nie. Die moord op die Niemand-gesin waar die ma en haar kinders eers wreedaardig in hul huis vermoor is en die moordenaars toe die man in die huis ingewag en nog wreder vermoor het. Daar is die ontvoering en waarskynlike moorde op die skooldogters van Kempton Park wat deur Gert van Rooyen en sy houvrou Joey Haarhoff, ontvoer is en nooit weer gevind is nie. Die twee is deur Van Rooyen doodgeskiet toe hulle vir die polisie weggejaag het toe die polisie hulle by hul huis ingewag het om in hegtenis te neem. Gelukkig is die feesblad nie net oor moord en doodslag en bomme en bloed nie!! Daar is baie pragtige ander verhale, ware verhale vertel deur ware polisiemanne en –vroue wat persoonlike ondervinding van die gebeure het. Daar is die verhaal van die dag toe wyle genl. Louis (Vingers) Snyman met sy bulderende stem die statebondsparade in Engeland moes oorneem omdat die Britse soldaat wat eintlik in beheer van die parade was, by die kroning van koningin Elizabeth II in 1953 opgetree het, se stem op die reuse paradegrond deur die wind weggewaai is. Daar is die verhaal van die beskonke perd wat so dronk geword het op ‗n konkoksie wat hy gereeld gedrink het, dat hy kilometers ver gelei moes word terug basis toe met sy arme ruiter wat doodmoeg by die basis saam met die perd aangestrompel gekom het. Daar is die pragtige verhaal van die Portugees, die foksterriër en die predikant soos net ‗n polisieman dit kan vertel. Daar is interessante staaltjies oor van ons vorige staatspresidente wat mens die mense in ŉ totaal ander lig laat sien. Wat wys hulle is ook maar net mense al is hulle aan die hoof van ons land gewees. Daar is die verhaal van die meisie wat deur die geskinder van ŉ spul ou tannies ―swanger geraak‖ het. Daar is die verhaal van die destydse langste polisieman in die Mag, ŉ volle 7vt in die ou taal, ŉ duim korter geword het toe hy deur die rotor van ŉ helikopter op die kop getref is. Mense soos genl.maj. Suiker Britz, seker een van die beste en kleurvolste speurders van die polisie nog, vertel van sy dae as polisieman. So vertel ook brig. Ivor Human van sy volle en kleurvolle polisieloopbaan, genl.maj. Herman Stadler vertel weer die anderkant van die lewe van die polisie – die van terroriste en Kommuniste. Brig. Karools Mouton vertel van sy 18

maande aan die grens en genl.maj. (dr.) Johan Burger werp meer lig op teeninsurgensie en die rol van die destydse Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiemag. Die oudkaptein Jack le Grange gee ons ‗n insig van die lewe in die dodesel en hoe dit voel om as vry man weer daar uit te stap. Brig. (dr) Casper Krüger, afgetrede kapelaan, vertel van die wrede ou tannie wat slange op haar sypaadjie gegooi het om die voetgangers daar af te hou net ŉ dag of twee nadat sy tot bekering gekom het, in haar huis deur van die einste mense vermoor is. Ek is oortuig daarvan daar is baie van die oudpolisielede wat nie bewus is van die feit dat daar ‗n baie spesiale roos is wat spesiaal gekweek is om die tienjarige bestaan van die vrouepolisie te gedenk. Alles oor die roos en ŉ pragtige foto daarvan, kan ook in die feesblad gelees en gesien word. Natuurlik dan is daar ons splinternuwe polisielied! Ja die eerste keer kan die lied se woorde in die feesblad gesien word. Dit is spesiaal vir ons geskryf en gekomponeer deur die bekende oudkapelaan en sanger, Innes Benade en sy vrou Greta. Ek dink ek het nou genoeg verklap oor die blad om julle seker genoeg nuuskierig te maak. Al wat nou vir my as projekleier oorbly is om ŉ baie groot dankie te sê aan ŉ ieder en ŉ elk wat meegewerk het om van die feesblad die sukses te maak wat ek sommer weet dit gaan wees. Sonder julle almal se hulp, sou dit nooit moontlik gewees het nie. Glo my, daar was dae wat ek net alles wou opgooi, net die ‗delete‘ knoppie wou druk en net weghardloop, maar met almal se ondersteuning het dit darem nie gebeur nie. ‗n Spesiale woord van dank aan die Oud-SAP-lede Liefdadigheidstrust vir vir die vertroue wat hulle in my gestel het om die taak aan my op te dra. Baie spesiale dankie aan genl. Johan van der Merwe vir al sy harde werk, ondersteuning en bystand. Glo my ek het letterlik baie trane teenoor hom gestort en hy was maar net altyd daar om op te beur. Baie groot dankie aan Hennie Heymans vir sy baie hulp waarsonder die boek ook nooit sou klaarkom nie. Dankie aan Petro vir die koffies en koek en die slaapplek. Dan is daar twee van my vriende in Pretoria, wat nou nie in die polisie is of was nie, maar aan Dries en Eugene, baie dankie vir julle twee. Vir al die oorslaap, al die gesels, al die trane afvee wanneer dinge te veel geword het, al die moed inpraat en ag sommer net vir alles. Vir al die glasies wyn wat so heerlik rustig op daai ou reuse stoep langs die swembad of sommer rondom die kombuistafel gedrink is. Baie dankie aan Peet Bothma (oudkaptein) vir al sy bystand en arms oplig wanneer ek net wou opgee. Net Peet weet hoeveel keer moes hy my arms oplig en in die lug hou om my weer aan die gang te kry. Vir Dawid Roux, my ou vriend wat so hard gewerk het aan die foto‘s om dit mooi reg te timmer en op te helder. Foto‘s verloor mos maar fleur so met die jare, maar op die gebied is Dawid die meester. ‗n Baie groot dankie aan Beeld vir die foto‘s wat ons by hulle gekry het om te gebruik, dit word ontsettend baie waardeer. ‗n Laaste, maar beslis nie die minste nie. ‗n Baie spesiale dankie aan my dogter Natasja. Sy is die een wat moes inspring en help as ma se rekenaarkennis nie genoeg was nie. Sy is die een wat die huis moes oppas as ma in Pretoria en elders oornag het om inligting in te samel. Baie dankie my kind!

Ek dink ons kan tereg van die GLORIE JARE van die destydse Suid-Afrikaanse Plisiemag praat. Ons kan ŉ baie groot saluut gee aan al die duisende lede van die laagste tot die hoogste range, wat alles gegee het vir die thin blue line om aan on swat later gekom het so ŉ magtige en glorieryke Mag te kon gee. Ons salueer julle voorwaar!! Julle kan nou maar julle lippe begin aflek vir die boek. Teen die tyd dat julle die artikel lees, is dit reeds in die hande van die drukkers en dan is dit rakke toe! Sarie van Niekerk: Projekleier

Sarie in gesprek met genl Van der Merwe

Sarie en genl Adriaan de la Rosa 

Die boek is nou oppad na die drukkers - HBH

 Police History: SAP College: Johan Herselman

Johan Herselman Snr Betreding op die Heilige Parade grond vir ŉ foto saam met my kollege maat linkerkant op die foto. Self staan regs. Mickey Friedenthal by daai eienste ster het een gestaan met die kroon op, toe die afgehaal was in 1958 het ons ŉ parade gehad om die eienste ster in te wei, ons moes die gekroonde een dra na agter in die stale waar dit toe gemaak is met ŉ paar grondseile, oom Bokkie het ons belowe die ster gaan ingekleur word, wonder waar dit nou "stukkend" staan?

ď&#x201A;ˇ SAP 55(a) Paul Greyling Wie kan help? Ek wil graag weet of enigeen weet waar hierdie Sersant hom tans bevind. Hy was vroeer iewers in Pretoria gestasioneer. Sy naam is Kobus De Beer. Dit is eintlik 'n familielid van my en my Ma wil graag met hom kontak maak.

Comment

Paul Greyling Kan hierdie foto en versoek asb in die eNonquai geplaas word vir moontlike reaksie? My ou moeder wil graag met hom in verbinding tree. Dit is haar oorlede broer (Pa van die lid) wat ook op die foto verskyn. Groot asb Hennie Heymans. Dit sal opreg waardeer word as daar iemand is wat kan help. Hennie Heymans Beskou as gedoen - ek ken die lid van sien - ek is seker Hugo Hannemann sal hom ook ken. Geplaas in Maart uitgawe!

Johan van Rooyen Ek is amper seker hy was jare terug saam met my op Kameeldrif gestationeer.

ď&#x201A;ˇ Police Art: Billy Cox In the valley of the shadow of death - I saw all my demons staring at me.....

Police Personalities 

Oom Stefaans Lerm: Tertius Barnard

Oom Stefaans Lerm ...let op die kwikstertjie wat by hom kaas kom soek hy is kort hierna oorlede. 

Ware Heer: Brig Theuns Botha Arlow sy gade en mev Ans Arlow (HBH)

Een van die SA Polisie se ware here is die legendariese brig Theuns Botha Arlow voorheen verbonde aan die Mag se finansiele administrasie. Hy is van kindsbeen af ‗n bokser, later by die polisie aangesluit en ook vir die SAP geboks. Hy is nie net bokser nie maar ook ‗n drawer en die man wat pragtig kan gesels. Hy is ‗n ware heer wanneer dit by toesprake en etiket kom! Theuns het vir eNONGQAI genooi om vir hom en Ans te kom kuier. Hy het omtrent deur sport die hele wereld gesien. Hier is ‗n fotoverslag van ons besoek:

Hy het die ware Jakob gehardloop in Griekeland!

Hy het nou na â&#x20AC;&#x2014;n versorgsentrum verhuis. Sy motorhuis is vol herinneringe en aandenkings.

Hy het België besoek – ek plaas die prentjie van die Belgiese polisie in Brussel. Hy het ook die bekende mannetjie besoek. Theuns het selfs die ministers gekry om te draf – Adriaan Vlok en Leon Wessels.

Ons drink tee en koffie â&#x20AC;&#x201C; daar was borde heerlike versnaperinge Theuns se broer, wyle sers Nic Arlow, is skuldig bevind na â&#x20AC;&#x2014;n skietvoorval te Sunnyside in die dae toe die polisie nog opsoek was na die sogenaamde pangaman! Heellaas is die pangaman later aangekeer en gehang.

Theuns het verskeie geskiedkundige dokumente en memorabilia. Hy vertel wyle Nic se dogter wou by die polisie aansluit maar die geleentheid is haar ontneem agv ŉ motorbotsing. Op die foto verskyn onder andere Nic Arlow en speurder-hoofkonstabel Du Toit – ondersoekbeampte. Die foto is by die hof afgeneem. Wyle meneer Du Toit se seun is Andre du Toit van Durban – een van ons lesers!

Ans en Theuns

 Besoek aan kol Gawie & mev Heilie Richter: Nylstroom (HBH) Gisteroggend 05:30 vertrek Dave Fell en ek na Nylstroom. Ons het vir ou kolonel Gawie Richter (82) gaan kuier. Hy lyk nog soos Ou Gawie van die 1980‘s – niks vernader nie! Hy was altyd ŉ goeie atleet. Ons ry uit Pretoria en die verkeer wat na Pretoria toe stroom daardie tyd van die oggend is ondenkbaar. Duisende ―karre‖ met mense in stroom na die stad. Op plekke by die wisselaars sukkel mense om op die N1 te kom. Word brandstof nie so vermors nie? Voetgangers stroom na die paaie om opgelaai te word. ŉ Sekere busdiens in Pretoria se busse word opmerklik roekeloos bestuur sonder inagneming van ander padgebruikers. Lyk soos ŉ tuis-Kayalami waaraan hulle deelneem. Swart bolle diesel borrel agter uit! Langs die hoofpad staan ŉ polisiemotor – om ―te wat‖ wonder ek? Hoe lank hou die battery as hy so staan met die blou ligte? Die son brand flou – maar dis lekker om na die bosveld te ry. Dis pragtig groen. Die skrywer Eugene Nielen Marais vertel hoe hulle in die winter altyd in die Waterberge gaan jag het – met wa en osse. Wel ons het so halfuur op die snelweg gejaag teen 120 kpu toe ons die Waterberge in die blou-verte kon sien. Die Waterberge met al sy geskiedenis. Toe dink ek aan die skryftalent van EN Marais – lees gerus die boek oor hom deur Leon Rossouw met titel ―Die Groot Verlange‖. (Ek het onlangs Marais se boekie ―Die Skepbekertjie‖ gekoop – oulike boekie!) By Pienaarsrivier draai ons weg van die tolpad om met die ―101‖ na Warmbad te ry. Ons ry by Pienaarsrivier skool verby – dis ŉ skool met ŉ Afrikaanse naam maar met min Afrikanerkinders. Warmbad lyk ―op-en-wakker‖ veral voor mens by Warmbad kom is daar baie ekonomiese aktiwiteit aan die westekant van die pad. Daar is ŉ reuse behuisingskompleks vir mense wat agter mure wil woon. ŉ Paar beeste in die vendusiekrale, aan die oorkant van die pad, opgemerk – waar is die dae van groot vendusies toe beeste nog langs die pad aangejaag was? Geen treine op die lyn na die Noorde opgemerk nie – waar is al die treine heen? Ons is bietjie vroeg en ry Nylstroom binne – die Wimpy word adverteer maar geen mens kan die Wimpy kry nie. Ons sit en drink lekker swart koffie by ―Col Saunders‖ – dis net voor agt. Ons verlaat die plek teleurgesteld – die werkers skree almal vir mekaar en die plek het ŉ onheilige gevoel so op die nugter maag! Mens kan nie lekker gesels nie. Ek is verbaas hoe baie swart mense vinnig inkom en ontbyt eet – so verander ons eet-kultuur. Ons ry toe so na agt na Gawie – daar is meer as 400 huisgesinne in die behuisingskompleks: Bosveldsig. Nou weet mens waar is al die mense van Nylstroom – naby Weesgerus woon nog mense in Kokanje. Dink net hoe sou ons dorpies gelyk het as die mense almal in die dorp gewoon het – mens kry eintlik ŉ skewe beeld van die dorp want mens sien nie eintlik van die 101 die behuisingskompleks nie! Die Afrikaanse skool is ook vol kinders – maar daar is min Afrikaners. Wat ŉ plesier om weer met ŉ ou kollega te praat met wie mens vir baie jare saamgewerk het. Dave en Gawie het oor die ou dae gesels en Heilie en ek het in die tuin rondgeloop en plante gekyk. Hulle het ŉ granaatboom wat al vyf geslagte in haar familie is. Sy het ook baie artefakte van die Anglo-Boereoorlog, bottels van ou ashope en werktuie uit die ystertydperk. Sy maak ook soos ek, klippe en boeke bymekaar.

Die kwikstertjies is mak en kom in die huis – veral as Gawie die yskas oopmaak en gerasperde kaas uithaal – die kwikkies is mal daaroor. Gawie het so baie en lekker gelag vir die staaltjies uit die verlede! [Hy het my baie aan Gawie Botha laat dink.] Gawie Richter het lank ondersoek gedoen in die noorde van SWA. Later was hy ―ons man‖ in Afrika – hy was kenner van die mense en situasie in Malawi en Mosambiek. Hy het ook oorgrensmoordsake in die noorde van SWA ondersoek. Hy het die eerste SWAPO-kanon gevind; daardie masjiengeweer wat op wiele loop. Hy ken nie die naam nie. Ons het heerlik skaappastei gehad voor ons teruggery het. Op pad na Pretoria het ons deur Akasia teruggery – die verkeer was weer iets ysliks. Daar is ŉ verkeerslig buitewerking en die verkeer is opgedam naby die sementfabriek. Nadat ons deur die stukkende verkeerslig gekom het, vind ons twee Metro-polisie langs die pad – hulle ―kyk‖ na die verkeer – kan hulle nie inspring en die verkeer reël nie? Weer ŉ geval van brandstof vermorsing. Ek het baie foto‘s geneem en sal ŉ beriggie oor ons besoek aan Nylstroom vir die eNONGQAI skryf. Gerhard Booysen, Frik Bruwer, Leon Strauss and 23 others like this.

Gawie Botha Ek het nou rêrig die verslag geniet om te kon lees,,,en die beskrywing van die stad, laat my dink aan ŉ dendriet(vertakking) van cholesterol aangepakte are,,,,,,! Ronel Kitshoff Adendorff Hennie....Jhburg en Pta is ŉ malhuis in die oggend en middag en ry net in verkeerde baan, dan is dit NAG en verdwaal jy so dat jy die GPS nie eens glo nie

Nico Frylinck Baie mooi geskryf Oom Hennie !! Ja ek kry dit gereeld in Midrand. Hulle hou ŉ padblokkade 200 meter anderkant ŉ verkeerslig wat buite werking is en chaos veroorsaak maar ja, geen insig en niks binne daai kop wat werk nie !!!

Pottie Potgieter Baie lekker gelees Hennie, man hoe verlang ek nou na die ou bosveld met sy gasvrye mense.

Hennie Heymans Pottie Potgieter - hulle sê van die Bosveld (natuurlik in die "ou" dae) - 'n Donkie se hemel en 'n vrou se hel! Pietersburg en Keimoes het mos monumente vir die donkie!

Izak van Zyl Mooi samevatting van hoe dit nou is. Omtrent al wat oorgebly het is herinneringe en staaltjies. Waaroor sal ons jong geslag kan gesels as hulle is waar oom Gawie nou is?

Pottie Potgieter Dis waar Hennie, maar ek dink dit hang baie van die vrou af. Ek weet my een tante was 'n bosveld vrou, daar was niks met haar fout nie, het sommer gou gou die haelgeweer gevat en 'n paar tarentale of fisante vir die pot haan skiet. Die mans sommer

gou van die bees, skaap of vark slag af weggejaag omdat hulle net in haar pad was. Tant Hannie was my gunsteling tante. Nog nooit in my lewe weer brood of vetkoek geëet soos die wat sy gemaak het nie. Daai vrouens was nog uit een blok gesny en was bowenal nog ware vroue wat geweet het wanneer om te troos of 'n salfie aan te smeer

. Pottie Potgieter Ek wou nog sê, sy was nog sommer 'n sielkundige ook. Wanneer dit swaar gegaan het en daar min was om te eet, miskien net 'n bord vol boer pampoen net kaneel oor, het sy sommer so met die aansit by die tafel gesê "daar is nie sekondes nie, wat op jou bord is, is al wat daar is, so moenie neul vir nog nie" Boete dan het daai spul van der Merwetjies en die Potties darem weggelê soos 'n klomp kortbek wit varkies dat die skuim bolle sommer so om jou bek gehang het.

Glenn Elsden So gepraat van Eugene Marais.. Wie van julle het Katinka Heyns se Film die "Die Wonderwerker" gesien?

Trudie Broodryk Oosthuizen Is dit oom Gawie Richter wat vroeër jare by Krugersdorp Veiligheidstak gewerk het?

Deon Huysamen Hennie, nou laat jy my wonder of dit nie die "oom Gawie Richter" is wat op Springs gewerk het saam met my oorlede pa, AO Jan (Huysie) Huysamen nie.

Mickey Friedenthal Deon, glo dit nie, jy Huysie se seun dem man jy was nog op skool dink laer skool toe ek jou laas Mickey met die Volksie bus, die geel een

Deon Huysamen Nou kyk hoe klein is die wereld regtig Mickey. Sal ek jou nou oom moet noem ? Vra maar net uit beleefdheid want oom Huysie het respek in ons ingewerk met polisierottangs.

Marius Morland Oom Hennie, dit is jammer jy was nie by die Wimpy aan nie. Die Wimpy in Nylstroom het al baie pryse gewen en is n lekker kuier plek vir ons as ons noorde toe ry. Kom ek verduidelik gou waar dit is, ek ken nie die straat naam nie. Indien oom Hennie vanaf Warmbad af kom die ou pad, hou aan met die pad wat Naboom toe gaan, u sal die N1 pad na Vaalwater en Ellisras kruis, hou net aan dit sit aan die linker kant van die pad.

Mickey Friedenthal Deon hy en ek het op Sharpeville te samme gewees, iets wat hy seker nooitbekend gemaak , Huysie was baie stil met alles, kan nou net nie jou naam se naam onthou nie, maar dink as ek reg is julle in Casseldale gebly het hulp daar aqsbl

Rene Geldenhuys Hi Pottie..ek sien nou jou naam hier...was jy nie saam oom Isak vd Merwe..hy was verstaan ek d stigter v Koevoet? Hy woon in Krugersdorp. Blykbaar dink ek

van 79 - 91 in koevoet..medies af moes gaan. Dit sal goed wees om te hoor of hier van d ouer mense is wat hom ken. Hy baie ernstig siek al v so jaar en 6mnde

Hennie Heymans Rene Geldenhuys - ek en die Olifantman van Koevoet het nou die dag by Sakkie vd Merwe daar in Krugersdorp gaan kuier. Ja die Oubaas is maar siekerig. Ek ken hom vir baie jare - hy was 'n yster - eers op Kokstad V-Tak. Hy is van die stigterslede van Koevoet,

Hennie Heymans Marius Morland - daai Wimpy is weg - weg seg ek jou!

Hennie Heymans Trudie Broodryk Oosthuizen - Die Gawie Richter wat ek van praat is 82 jr oud - ek het hom maar op Kompol x302 gekry - hy was in die 1960's op die TeenTerroriste Eenheid saam met die Rooi Rus. Hy kon miskien in Krugersdorp met ondersoek gehelp het - hy kom van Swartruggens af.

Hennie Heymans Deon Huysamen - ek sal nie weet nie. Ek sal probeer uitvind.

Rene Geldenhuys Pottie My aarde..gedag dis jy! kyk hoe klein is d ou wereld ..ek het hom gou Mdag na my Graniet mense uitgevat...hy is regtig klaar shame...

Pottie Potgieter Rene Geldenhuys, nee mensie, ongelukkig is dit nie ek nie. Ons het miskien mekaar in die Bos raak geloop in ons omswerwinge. Het geweldig baie mense so ontmoet, maar dit was gewoonlik net die stout ouens of die wat in dieselfde seksie was of in dieselfde tent geslaap het, wat mens onthou.

Hennie Heymans Dis waar - daardie stil ou, hy wat dink en niemnand weet waaroor vir hom vergeet jy!

Marius Morland Oom Hennie goed jy het vir my gese. Ek het navrae gedoen, die Wimpy is nou in die selfde sentrum as wat die Spur is. Dit is nou as jy van die N1 af kom op regter kant net na n mens oor die brug is.

Gawie spog ook met sy kwikstertjie wat selfs in die huis inkom om kaas te vreet.

Gawie is van die â&#x20AC;&#x2022;Boere-oorlogâ&#x20AC;&#x2013; se mense. Hier is die rewolwer wat aan genl Methuven behoort het. Methuven is geskiet en genl Koos de Rey en Tant Nonnie het hom versorg en later na sy eie mense teruggestuur.

Artefakte wat Heilie versamel het op die plaas â&#x20AC;&#x201C; dit dagteken uit die Anglo-Boereoorlog.

Hoefysters van die Britse magte

Heilie in haar pargtige tuin!

Artefakte van Roodewal naby Swartruggens

Na bewering van Msilkaats se artefakte

Artefakte wat Heilie gevind

Heilie en Gawie Richter en Dave Fell

ď&#x201A;ˇ Glenn Elsden Introduction Glenn Elsden joined the South African Police in December 1977 and remained in employment for an uninterrupted period of 23 years and 5 months. He held the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel at the time of accepting a severance package in May 2001. 41

After completion of his basic training at the SA Police College Pretoria, in July 1978, he was transferred to Johannesburg where he performed patrol duties as a member of the Uniform Branch at Randburg Police Station, and also ‗detached service‘ in surrounding townships where uprisings where the order of the day. He was transferred to Police Head office (Wachthuis) in January 1983 and later to the old SA Criminal Bureau (SACB) in Pretoria where he enrolled in a 3-year inservice training programme at the Ballistic Unit with the aim of pursuing a career as a Forensic Ballistic Specialist. The Ballistic Unit later amalgamated with the newly established Forensic Science Laboratory, located in Silverton, Pretoria. Glenn served as a member of the Forensic Science Laboratory for the remaining 17 years of his career. Career highlights Glenn was assigned to travel to Malawi, the USA, and Canada on official police business during various stages of his career, between the years 1990 and 1995. These ventures involved, among others, the presentation of lectures, attendance of training conferences, and the procurement of ballistic equipment for small arms. During May 1990, through a joint venture between the Armaments Corporation of South Africa (Armscor) and the SA Police, he was nominated to supply training to the Forensic Unit of the Malawian Police in the use of comparison microscopes and other ballistic instruments. The success of this project secured healthy mutual relations between all parties involved – a relationship which continued for many years. During 1994, he played a pioneering role in the establishment of a Temporary Ballistic Laboratory in KwaZulu-Natal. This occurred a few months before South Africa‘s first democratic elections in April 1994, at a time when there was a great deal of political chaos and violence in the province. The Temporary Unit quickly evolved into a fully-fledged Forensic Science Laboratory, and set the standard for further decentralization of forensic services in the other provinces of South Africa. During June 1995, in his capacity as Head of the Ballistic Training Division and member of the Association of Firearm and Tool Mark Examiners (AFTE), he attended a training seminar in San Diego, California, USA. He utilized this opportunity to evaluate a computerized Integrated Ballistic Identification System (IBIS) which would automate the task of comparing fired bullets and cartridge cases found on crime scenes. On Glenn‘s written recommendations the IBIS module was further benchmarked and eventually procured by the SAPS. The system proved to be an invaluable tool in the investigation and combating of firearm related crimes in 42

South Africa, and is to this day still utilized with great success in all Forensic Ballistic Laboratories countrywide. Glenn served as 2nd Commander as well as Acting Commander of the Ballistic Unit in KwaZulu-Natal, for the remaining 3 years of his service. Service decorations 1987: SAP Service Medal for 10 Years Faithful Service and Exemplary Conduct. 1988: SAP Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Commemoration Medal. 1997: SAP Star for 20 Years Faithful Service. During 1999 – 2001, as a member of the Natal Service Shooting Association (NSSA), he was awarded provincial (KwaZulu-Natal) and South African Police colours for the development of the sport. He has also received several police ‗work -related‘ awards and also commendations for professional conduct during expert court testimony in the High Courts of South Africa.



Ek onthou my pa

Herinneringe soos opgeteken deur Retha Becker Pierce Alberton, Februarie 2014. Redigering: Anemari Jansen ―Retha, kom in!!!!‖ sou my ma gereeld by die voordeur uit roep. ―Hulle het Pappa geroep oor die radio!!!‖ My Pa was nie „n polisieman nie. Hy was Adjunk-hoofinspekteur Andries Becker, by Nie-blanke Sake/Bantoe Administrasie in Alberton.

Ek was ongeveer agt jaar oud. Met my kaal voetjies het ek smiddae vanaf 5-uur by ons hek gaan staan en wag vir die groen vangwa, om by die kafee op die hoek, links te draai huis se kant toe.

Bo-op ‗n opslaan-tafeltjie langs die stoof het hy gestaan. Die tweerigting radio. ‗n Lelike ding, bonkig en swart en intimiderend. Dit was laat sestig, begin sewentigs en onluste het in die woongebiede buite Alberton se grense gewoed. Wanneer die dorp se aandklok-sirene om 8-uur om die dorp se huise gehuil het, was dit ook my bedtyd. Ek het traag my voete kamer toe gesleep, en met elke krakie wat oor daardie radio se luidspreker gekreun het, was ek stilletjies in die gang met my ore gespits by die kombuisdeur. Dan sou ek my pa se stem hoor. Dan sou ek mense hoor skreeu. En dan weer iemand wat roep “DRIES!!! Kom in DRIES!!!”. Die stiltes tussenin die geroep was die ergste. Ek sien steeds my ma vooroor geleun by die kombuistafe sit met haar hande ineengevou. Biddend.

Die radio het letterlik die septer geswaai in ons huis. Pa sou saans net aansit vir ete, dan sou daai septer begin swaai. Hy sou net sy skoene uittrek in die slaapkamer, dan was daar ‗n gekraak in die kombuis. Ek sou soggens opstaan vir skool en dan sien dat my pa se kant van die bed glanie in geslaap was nie. Baie nagte het ek wakker gelê en wag om die ‗kjierts-kjierts‘ van sy skoene in die gang te hoor wanneer hy tuiskom….net om effens later weer wakker te word van iemand wat roep vir bystand oor daardie aaklige radio.

Pa het altyd die radio afgeskakel wanneer hy moes uitgaan, met duidelike instruksies dat NIEMAND dit moes aansit nie. Ma het haar doof gehou. Gelukkig het my ma ons ook, in haar wysheid, gereeld uit die kombuis verjaag. Vangwaens was daagliks gewieg tot hul omgeslaan het en dan was dit aan die brand gesteek. Die voertuie moes altyd aanhou beweeg…. tussen ontstoke skreeuende skares deur wat net wou moor en afbrand en rotse slinger na elke groen vangwa wat die lokasies inbeweeg het. Dit was ‗n vreemde, deurmekaar wêreld wat daagliks gestalte in my dogtertjiebrein gekry het deur die luidsprekers van daardie groot swart radio in ons andersinds snoesige kombuis. Baie nagte het Pa reguit badkamer toe gegaan en sy bebloede hande in Dettol geskrop terwyl my ma kookwater en lappies aangedra het om bloedvergiftiging te voorkom. Hy moes mense by sy vangwa inmoker te midde van totale chaos.

Ek het nooit die Engeltjie-versie-gebedjies, wat klein dogtertjies so skatlik maak, gebid nie. Daardie versies was sekerlik geskryf vir dogtertjies met Pappas wat „normale‟ werke gehad het. Ek het gebid dat die verdekselse radio moes breek. Ek het gebid dat ek ‗kjierts-kjierts‘ in die gang kon hoor. Dat my Pa se stem sou antwoord oor die radio as iemand vra of hy oukei is. Dat al die swart mense sou ophou om so KWAAD vir my Pa te wees.

Saans het ons huisgodsdiens geluister oor die FM. Die aande dat hy ‗n klopjag moes gaan uitvoer of die woongebiede moes in, kon ek meestal net ―Kom, laat ons Boekevat‖ van die insetsel onthou. Dus was ek was ‗n skottelgoedwas-koningin op ouderdom agt…. dit was die straf as ons nie na die skriflesing geluister het nie! Maar dit was goed so…..ek het gewillig bo-op ‗n stoel voor die wasbak gestaan om by te kom, want dit was in die KOMBUIS……daar digby die Septerswaaier. Daar waar ek kon luister vir my Pa se stem. Ek spuit soms, in die winkels, ‗n rapsie 4711 parfuum in ‗n snesie sodat ek weer, net vir ‗n wyle, my liefste ouma kan ruik. So is dit ook nou met die CPF radio wat altyd in my kombuis staan. Wanneer hy kraak, wag ek weer, net vir ‗n oomblik, by ons hek en kyk daar, daar na die hoek by die kafee. Ons was nie bang kinders nie. Ek was ‗n witkop dogtertjie van agt en het in my ouma se tuisgemaakte gelukkig

katoenrokkies

rondom

die

huis

gespeel en gedroom. My Pa was die Adjunk Hoofinspekteur by Nieblanke Sake / Bantoe Administrasie in Alberton, en dit het my ‗n gevoel van veiligheid en geborgenheid gegee. Dit was in die laat sestigerjare, en die Paswet was streng van toepassing. Ons het gereeld smiddae huistoe gestap. Van die laerskool in New Redruth, oor die klein spruitjie wat daardie tyd nog gevloei het, tot by die huis in Raceview. Speel-speel. ―Moenie by die spruitjie speel nie, kom reguit huistoe na skool!!!‖. Daar was ‗n allemintige, verleidelike kleilatgat. My pa het menigmaal by daardie einste spruitjie mense sonder ‗n Pas uit die bosse gaan haal, en binne in sy groen vangwa ingeboender vir noodgedwonge ‗deportasie‘. My Pa was ‗n wyse man. Hy was daarvan bewus dat die hele buurt en hul werknemers, en die se kinders, geweet het van ons. Hul het geweet wie Dries Becker is en waar hy bly. Dat hy een van die groen Bedford vangwaens beman. Dat dit HY is wat die klopjagte in bediendekamers lei. Dat dit HY is wat goeie werkers sowel as

slegte mense, en daarmee saam hul kinders, uit die dorp wegry met sy groen vangwa as hul nie die regte permitte saamdra nie. My Pa se werk was edel en eerlik. Lewensgevaarlik en trots. En ons was trots op my Pa, hy was ons held. So stap ons smiddae huistoe. Ons was nie bang kinders nie. Wanneer ons ‗n swart man of vrou gewaar, moes ek en my broer eers vra: ―Waar‘s jou Pas?‖ Ons sou daarop aandring om dit te sien, met gepaardgaande, dawerende bewusmaking van ons Pa se werk. So het ons kinderlike skrikbewind voortgeduur totdat van die buurt se mense klagtes by die Bantoe Administrasie/Nieblanke Sake se kantore begin indien het.

Nou-ja. Ek kan met groot vrymoedigheid hier byse dat die manne wat op die grond gewerk het, daardie jare SUPERFIKS was. Hul het daagliks fisies mense ingenael – oor heinings, onderdeur brûe, deur tuine, deur landerye – met groot sukses.

Om vyfuur, een middag, wag ek soos gewoonlik met my kaalvoetjies by die hek vir my pa om huistoe te kom. Hy klim uit die groen vangwa, maar se net twee woorde, afgemeet en met presissie: ―KAMER TOE‖. My hele dogtertjielyfie het begin bewe, maar ek het gestap. My broer, inteendeel, hardloop toe om die hoek van die huis – reguit hek toe terwyl hy sy fiets (ook so ‗n groen een wat hy self geverf het) probeer klim-klim in die weghardloop. My pa sit hom toe te voet agterna. Straat af. By al die huise verby met mense wat hoor hoe my broer pleit so in die trap: ―Asb Pappa, ek sal NOOOOIIIIT weer nie!!!‖ Soos my broer sy fietsie trap, een-boud- vir- een-boud, so het een-boud-vir-een-boud gebrand van ‗n plat hand. En so is die hele spektakel toe weer terug huistoe, weer eens by al die toeskouers verby. My ou moeder se eer was gekrenk. Die kos het verbrand. Daar was doodste stilte in die huis vir die res van die aand. Net die tweerigting radio in die kombuis het kort-kort gekreun en die het ook later stiller geraak. My Pa het ‗n grenadella-prieel gehad langs die huis. Dit was nou die spreekwoordelike VERBODE VRUGTE op die erf. Ons kon perskes pluk en eet na hartelus, maar my Pa se grenadellas moes ons uitlos. My Pa se boodskap aan ons, die volgende aand, was duidelik. Hy het, soos altyd, wanneer hy ons wou bederf, vir ons elkeen ‗n vars grenadella gaan pluk en gevra ons moet by hom kom sit.

Respek. Hy het verduidelik dat hy sy werk respekteer. Dat hy die wet respekteer. Dat hy die mense waarmee hy werk respekteer. Dat dit vir hom belangrik is dat die gemeenskap HOM respekteer vir die aard van sy werk. Hy het ook respekvol vertel van mense wat net wou werk om sodoende skoene aan hul kinders se voete in die winter te kon hê. En hy het

verduidelik van verleentheid. Ook van sy onvermoë om ons te kan beskerm teen onsself. Groot, groot lewenslesse. Ek gaan koop vanmiddag ‗n paar goedjies by die winkel. In die gange van die supermark stamp ‗n groot vrou my teen my enkel met haar trollie. Ek skreeu ―EINA!‖. Sy klik toe net haar tong en stap verder. Sjoe, sou ek dit nou nie geniet het om ‗n ‗een-boud-vir-een-boudrespekles‘ op haar toe te pas nie!!!!!

Daar was geweldig baie goedheid, welwillendheid, swarigheid en verwerping. En ek het geleer om in Engele te glo. Ek was ‗n klein dogtertjie, so om en by agt jaar oud, met groot oë en ore gerig op ‗n wêreld om my wat gewelddadig, wreed en ook goed was, buite die veiligheid van ons huis. Dit was in die laat sestigs en apartheidswette, o.a. ook die Paswet, het die land op sy kop gehad. Linkse en regse politiek, Kerkpolitiek asook ‗vry‘ politiek het groot verdeeldheid tussen familie, vriende en bure meegebring. Daar was gewoonlik groot huismoles en onterwing sou Santjie, wat ‗n ‗Dopper‘ was, met Klaas van die NGK wou trou. Of as Truitjie betrap word waar sy met die Portugese Lorendo vry. Twee huise na ons linkerkant het Engelse mense gewoon wat hul kinders afgesonder het van die res van die buurt – ek dink so baie aan daardie twee vriendelike, eensame kinders, met wie ons in gebrekkige Engels net deur die draadheining kon groet, voordat hul ma hul weer binnegeroep het. Die konsentrasiekampe was nog ‗n seer, rou herinnering vir ons Volk. Twee huise na regs het daar ‗n Portugese gesin gewoon – hul het ‗n mooie ouer dogter Bella gehad, en ‗n krullebol seun Fernando, wie ook dan my broer se aartsvyand was bloot oor die feit dat hy ‗n ‗Porra‘ was. My Pa was nie ‗n Polisieman nie. Hy was Adjunk Hoofinspekteur Andries Becker by die destydse Bantoe Administrasie/Nieblanke Sake. Sy werk het onder andere ook behels dat hy die nodige Passe en permitte uitgereik het aan werkers en boere en maatskappye. Hy sou groot moeite doen om groot spanne werkers, op veral plase en in fabrieke, gewettig te kry. Baie groenteboere was Portugees, en die feit dat my pa hulle ook lojaal bygestaan het, het uiteraard ook wenkbroue in ons gemeenskap laat lig. Dis nou buiten die gedeelte van sy werk waar hy ‗n groen vangwa deur die buurt en lokasies moes stuur om ‗onwettige‘ mense agterin te boender…...want self inklim, het nie sommer gebeur nie. Dit het ons, as gesin, in beide geweldige guns, en onguns laat leef. Mense het gewoonlik kringe om ons geloop nadat my pa versteekte werkers snags uit hul huise en kamers verwyder het. Of „n maatskappy gestroop het van hul „onwettige‟ werkers. Hul kinders mag dus ook nie met ons gespeel het nie. Wanneer daar mense in die strate begin hardloop het, het elke huishouding hul werkers binneshuis toegesluit en nie die deur

oopgemaak nie. Baie kamers se slotte was gebreek. Bittermin ouers het ons toegelaat om by hul huise met hul kinders te speel, want dalk vertel ons tuis van hul werkers. My ma het ons soms knipoog getroos dat die arme kinders van die ‗Sappe‘, dit erger daaraantoe gehad het. Soms, op ‗n goeie dag het daar ‗n vreemde bakkie voor ons huis stilgehou met ‗n wavrag vars groente en vruge en melk….‘n lekker melktert of sjokoladekoek soms ook daar by. Partykeer was daar ook ‗n botteltjie Raaswater vir my Pa, maar grotendeels was dit oeste van die boere se lande buite Alberton. Dan was dit uitdeeltyd. My Pa het ‗n aardse Engel in die gestalte van Samson gehad. Samson was altyd langs my pa in die groen vangwa, dag en nag, skof na skof. En Samson se reuse gestalte het nie sy naam beskaam nie. Samson en sy gesin het altyd die helfte van die geskenk ontvang, dis hoe my Pa geglo het dit moet wees, dan het my Ma die res gedeel met die bure en ander. Ons was selfs partykeer oor ‗n naweek na ‗n plaas genooi om behoorlik getrakteer te word deur ‗n boer en sy gesin. In my dogtertjiekop het ek altyd gesukkel om hierdie twee pole bymekaar te bring. Ons was tog goeie mense? Ons het vriend en vreemdling gasvry in ons huis ontvang, en steeds was ek en my broer verbied by sommige maats? So weer het ander ons omarm met warmte en vriendskap? Met my kinderlike verwysingsraamwerk van my Pa, en die invloed wat sy beroep in my lewe gehad het, het ek vroeg geleer dat die wêreld verskeie maskers dra. Dat, solank die mensdom bestaan, daar altyd twee wolwe in elke mens sal wees……die een wolf met nyd en wroeging, en die ander wolf met respek en welwillendheid – en die wolf wat gevoer word, sal oorwin. Ook dat verdeeldheid ‗n vretende kanker van die mens sal bly, met geen wenners nie. Ons laaste gesinsfoto Verskeie onselfsugtige dade van welwillendheid teenoor ons gesin, het selfs voortgeduur vir geruime tyd na my Pa se dood. Hy het in 1972 aan ‗n hartaanval beswyk toe hy 37 jaaroud was. Ek was toe 9 jaar oud. Samson het met sy gesin die oggend, na my pa se dood, op ons plaveisel voor die agterdeur kom staan, met sy hoed geklem in sy reuse hande. Groot ronde druppels het oor sy swart wange gerol asof uit ‗n oop kraan en gespat op die stene. En toe sing hulle…soos Engele.

RS012 Onthou RS012 se vader was voorheen verbonde aan die Elsenburg Landboukollege as landboukundige en sluit gedurende die twintigerjare aan by die Cape Mounted Rifles2, wat later inkorporeer word by die stigting en totstandkoming van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisie, met masnommer 8487. Hy vorm deel van die SA Polisie - Z-Eskadron wat na die Witwatersrand gestuur word om die sogenaamde - Red Revolt (Rooi Revolusie) die mynwerkersstaking van 1922 te help onderdruk Later gestasioneer te Stellenbosch en Roodebaai, daarna te Langebaan as stasiebevelvoerder gedurende 1935 en word 'n befoeterde swart hings genaamd Satan, wat driekwart ongeleerd op die stasie beland het aan die polisiestasie toegesê. Die Langebaanstrandmeer of 'lagoon' soos dit toe bekend was, is naasteby tien tree van die voorstoep van die polisiewoning en aan die voorkant van die perdestalle geleë en moes sy vader die perd daagliks met 'n sandsak oor die rug mak maak en daarna in die seewater en met 'n lang halter tou rondom die kaai wat net onderkant die hotel (nog steeds vandag daar op dieselfde plek) geleë, laat swem en geoefen het om sy onstuimigheid te temper. Op hierdie betrokke dag het die hings besluit om wraak te neem en aan die einde van sy halter tou pluk hy toe vir vader met rybroek kamaste en volle uniform in die seewater en swem toe met hom aan die tou vasgeklem vir ongeveer 'n driekwart kilometer waar die perd weer met vader al vas klemmend aan die haltertoom op die strand uitgeswem kom. Dit was die observasie van sy broer Johan wat deurentyd op die kaai die oefening gadegeslaan het. Dieselfde perd het met 'n konst Maree op hol gegaan, hom afgeboender en half verongeluk, sy linker arm oopgekloof teen die hoek van die stasie sinkgebou toe hy met hom met sy voet vasgevang in die een stiebeuel gesleep het tot in die stalle. Die kinders het ook 'n mak volstruisie gehad wat Satan een dag toe hy in 'n slegte bui was doodskop toe die in die stal inloop. Nodeloos om te sê - Satan se dae was in ieder geval getel en na polisieverslae tot sy nadeel ingedien was, is die doodvonnis op hom gevel, en tot verdriet van die jongste seun, deur sy vader agter die stalle met 'n .45 Smith en Weston voor die kop gefusilleer. Na 1935 word sy vader verplaas vanaf Langebaan, na Velddrif na Bloemhof na PretoriaSentraal polisiestasie en daarna een jaar voor die uitbreek van die tweede wêreldoorlog na die Polisie-opleidingsdepot later herdoop na die SA Polisiekollege RS 012 begin sy skoolloopbaan by die Westend Junior Engels medium laerskool, in Pretoria-Wes gedurende 1939, daarna die Pretoria-Wes laerskool, die Simon Bekkerlaerskool, die Afrikaans Seuns Hoërskool en laastens Pretoria-Wes Hoërskool voordat hy by die SAP aansluit op 18 jarige leeftyd gedurende Febr 1950 as nr 27750 Berede rekruut-

Kaapse Berede Skutters – ek weet nie of die Nederlandse benaming amptelik bestaan het nie - HBH

konst Nicolaas Petrus Senekal (noemnaam Pat wat later in die Engelse afkorting Pat vir Patrick ontaard.) ď&#x201A;ˇ

Serse Fred Geldenhuis, MC, MMM & Carl Otto, DCM

Tydens WO2 was Oom Fred die RSM van 2 SAP. Na aftrede is hy weer deur die SAW opgeroep en het hy RSM van PAG geword. legende

Hy was â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;n sy

eie

tyd.

Benewens die MM het hy die MMM en die SAP 10, 20 & 30 en die Pro Patria.

Hy word opgeneem in Troep 80 (berede) met sers Fred Geldenhuis as voetdrilinstrukteur en serst Carl Otto as beredeinstrukteur. Sy jongste suster Elize tree in die huwelik met sers Willie Burnett van die liggaamsoefening afdeling (later afgetree as kolonel te Durban).

Na nege maande se opleiding geskied die uitpasseringsparade eers met 'n demonstrasie van berede oefeninge en daarna met gesamentlike voetdriloefeninge tesame met twee voettroepe (Magalle sogenaamd) van troepe 80 en 81. As jong seun wat opgegroei het in die polisiedepot, met verblyf in die getroude kwartiere, gedurende die vooroorlogse en na-oorlogsjare, het hy normaalweg verbintenisse gehad met depotpersoneel, hulle kinders en baie rekrute wat polisieopleiding ondergaan het. Een so 'n persoon was student-konstabel MCW Geldenhuys, gedurende 1947 -- hul paaie sou weer 18 jaar later kruis toe laasgenoemde as 'n kaptein en hy as 1ste klas speurdersersant in bevel van die Walmer speurtak te Port Elizabeth gestasioneer was waar hulle mekaar weer op 'n stil Sondagoggend in die agterplaas van die Walmer se polisiestasie raakgeloop het. Hierdie herontmoeting sou later 'n radikale invloed op die res van Pat Senekal se loopbaan uitoefen tot en met sy aftrede uit die Nasionale Intelligensiediens. Om almal se name te noem met wie hy as jong seun te doen gehad en geken het in die destydse Depot, sal vele boekdele moet beslaan, daar was getroude kwartiere inwoners, soos bv sers Snyman, (brigadier) sers Bokkie Breedt, serse Gard en Garth, neffens hulle, Jones van die orkes, Groenewald, Sers Yster du Plessis van die wetsafdeling, h/konst Basson - vader van Jeanette Basson wat met die oud-rugbyspeIer Johnny Lourens getroud is, maj Bestford, maj Edgar (met sy mooi dogter) 'n lt O‘ Brien, sers ‗Dowe‘ Douw Visser, Lt de Villiers - (nie IP de Vlliers - later Kommissaris van Polisie nie) wat met sy eie klavier begeleiding altyd so mooi die liedjie, ―Roses are blooming in Picardy‖ uit volle bors gesing het voor sy vertrek na die Noord-Afrika kampanje. Sers Johnny Landman wat vir die kinders Sondagskool klasse gegee het in die Polisieorkes se saal --- ensovoorts, te veel om op te noem.  Selbourne Voor en na oorlog, maj Aldershot Grobbelaar, die depotbevelvoerder en sy twee seuns Pieter en Johnny saam met wie hy op sommige Sondae in die oop ryskool, gekose polisieperde gery het. Hy het altyd die swart hings Selbourne gekies en Selbourne was ook toevallig die ryperd waarop hy as berede-troepleier uitpasseer het. Hierdie parade was ook deur die African Mirror verfilm, 'n film wat hy een maand later toevallig in die ou Oxford teater in Pretoriusstraat tot sy blydskap en verbasing herbeleef het Hy sou Selbourne weer vir die laaste maal te sienne kry gedurende Septembermaand 1950 toe hy diens gedoen het met die begrafnisstoet van Veldmaarskalk Smuts in Paul Krugerstraat op pad na die spoorwegstasie, lg se stewels was agterstevoor in die stiebeuels gemonteer met 'n swart net bo-oor die perd en saal gedrapeer. Selbourne is enkele jare later na ' n Parlementsopeningsparade in Kaapstad, dood weens koue blootstelling op die trein.

Terwyl ons besig is met hierdie artikel bring Gerald Prinsloo hierdie foto onder eNONGQAI se aandag – vir hom het die foto nie oor SELBOURNE gegaan nie maar oor die verskillende polisieuniforms en die veldmaarskalk se stewels in die stiebeuels. Die datum is September 1950 – let op die nie-blanke sersant in blou (hy is of ŉ Kleurling of ŉ Indiër) en die Swart konstabel in die ligte kakie uniform. Die konstabel wat Selbourne begelei is in volle SAP berededrag met kaphandskoene en rewolwer. Die beredelede het soms lanse, soms .303‘s en ander kere weer die kombinasielyfband met rewolwer met kaphandskoene gedra. Soms pette en soms helmets.

 Politieke onderstrominge Daar was dan ook die politieke onderstrominge wat hy normaalweg in die depot waargeneem het weens die personeel se kinders se gesprekke in die polisie-skoolbussie wat hulle daagliks na en van hul skole in Pretoria vervoer het - Nat en Sap, verskille verskuilde Broederbond teen verskuilde Vrymesselaar gesindhede (vanuit ander gesprekke afgelei) - ex ‗Colonial‘ Engelse wat sterk verteenwoordig was in die polisie sedert die 1913, 1ste Wêreldoorlog en selfs voor dit en na die Anglo-Boereoorlog, wat deur bevorderings voor, tydens en na hierdie oorloë, weens politieke oorwegings bevoordeel is, en andere weer, wie se loopbane wat deur gebrekkige bevordering in die Mag, andersyds benadeel is.

Die sogenaamde Colonials (Engelse) offisiersbevorderings en beheer dae was egter na 1948 in die Polisie Depot getel. Die tyd vir gesofistikeerde politieke weerwraak tussen sommige vorige benadeeldes enersyds en sommige bevoordeeldes andersyds, deur politieke agendas, het gesorg vir die stelselmatige uitfasering van baie sogenaamde Engelse Colonials vernaamlik diegene wat anti-Afrikaner en Afrikaanssprekendes verkleinerend behandel het.  Rooi Eed Sy vader was een van die baie polisielede wat die ‗Rooi Eed‘ in die depot afgelê het en met die polisie-brigade na die oorlogsfront as die Aide de Camp van genl IP de Villiers in die woestynoorlog geveg het. As gevolg van wonde wat hy opgedoen het was hy uit die tent veldhospitaal ontruim kort voor die val van Tobruk en was hy met 'n Italiaanse skip wat in Alexandria deur die geallieerde magte gebuit was en vol geprop was met Italiaanse krygsgevangenes, terug na die RSA gerepatrieer. Hy vermoed, dat as dit nie vir die toedoen van genl IP de Villiers destydse kommissaris van die SAP was, dat sy vader as 'n wag op hierdie skip, geplaas was nie, hy op geen wyse sou kon ontkom aan die lot van baie van die Polisie-brigade se soldate wat krygsgevangene geneem was deur Rommel met die val van Tobruk nie Van sy era as kind in die depot en later as volwaardige polisieman bly daar weinig of geen van daardie oorlogtydse veterane meer oor nie. Van die laastes wat die rype ouderdom van 90 jaar kon haal, en waarvan hy onlangs bewus geword het, was sy ou troepsersant van 1950, die bekende Serst Fred Geldenhuis wie se oorlogskordaatsoptrede opgeteken staan in die boek- Voorwaarts Mars - deur Hanlie van Straaten.

Gestapo-houding? Hugo Hannemann

Hugo Hannemann Suid-Afrikaanse Polisie - Afgetrede Lede Toe ek nog aan die Pretoria Blitspatrollie verbonde was woon ons een middag 'n klagte van huisbraak daar agter die Univ van Pta by. Daardie jare was dit die buurt waar die meeste professore en lektors gewoon het... dus 'n "high society" buurt. Die ou tannie staan in die straat vier ons en wag... dit was die dae toe ons onmiddellik op 'n klagte gereageer het. Daar

is iemand in haar huis. Ons arresteer toe die inbreker. Maar dit was 'n jong swart seun. Die verskil met hom was... hy was deur 'n pofadder gepik. en hy was al desperaat... orals het mense hom verwilder... en dit terwyl sy kuit aan die opvrot was. Hy het ingebreek want hy het kos gesoek... en dit was ook 'n hulpkreet. Natuurlik het die huisbewoner hom ook jammer gekry, en ons het 'n ambulans vir hom ontbied. As diegene van julle wat toe in die Mag was, dit kon onthou, net na die 1976 Soweto onluste was daar groot oorstromings in Soweto. Die Rand Daily Mail het 'n volblad foto in kleur gedra van die blanke Polisieman wat 'n ou swartvrou heup hoogte deur die stormwater geabba het. Dit was die orde van die dag... die standaard van diens wat aan ALMAL gelewer was!... daarom krap dit op snaakse plekke as die media na ons verwys as die Gestapo tipe Polisie. Ons was nie so in die regering (en politieke party) se sake soos dit beweer word... en vandag die geval is nie. Ek was by 'n paar geleenthede teenwoordig waar van ons generale ministers kort gevat het. En ek is trots daarop om te kan se dat ek saam met edel gemotiveerde Polisiemanne en vroue gewerk het wat nie daardie Gestapo-houdings gehad het nie. Frans Kloppers, Mickey Friedenthal, Tiny Nortje and 17 others like this.

Henk Venter Hugo Hannemann, ek dink jy ontvang staande applous vir hierdie skrywe! Dink net nou die dag aan hoe ons in onluste tye in swart woonbuurte diens moes gaan doen en hoeveel swartes ons in daardie buurte moes red van hulle eie mense. Nie van blankes nie, maar van wreedaardige swartes! Hoeveel was ons as blanke polisiemanne se lewens nie in gevaar geplaas daardeur nie. Maar ons het nie politiek geskree en geweier om dit te doen nie, want ons het die mense van SA gedien. En vandag bedreig 'n groot hoeveelheid van daardie mense ons NET omdat ons ons is! Johan Herselman Snr Dit was van die lekkerste dae van my loopbaan toe ek plaas polisieman op Bultfontein was. Daardie boere was hardegat maar my beste en lojaalste ondersteuners wie my op my donner gespeel het as ek my stadsmaniere probeer uithaal het. Oubaas Mostert het my vir klagtes gebel so seweuur die oggend net om vir my ‗n vyfster oggend ete te gee daar op die stoep op die plaas. Alexander Galbraith Dick Vir my het dit nooit oor kleur gegaan maar oor goed en sleg, misdadiger en slagoffer. Ek weet daar was polisiemanne wat mense sleg behandel het oor hulle ras maar die was in die minderheid. Elk was 5 jaar gestationeer in Soweto en dit was die beste tyd van my lewe. Ek is dankbaar dat ek in daai tyd kon dien. Ruben Bloomberg Goed gestel Hugo.

Tertius E Barnardt n vrou wat met ‗n Tswana getroud was ‗n klaagster in ‗n bedrogsaak wat ek ondersoek het... Sy het eendag net ingestap in my kantoor, die stoel uitgetrek, gaan sit en grondwaarts gekyk... Volkekunde was een van ons vakke en geweet dis ‗n teken van respek. Sy het eers gepraat toe ek haar groet en sy sê 55

een van ons swart speurders het haar na my verwys. Sy het grond gekoop en huis gebou in die Winterveld en moes dit op haar skoonma se naam doen want as Swazi kon sy nie daar grond koop nie ... haar man is dood en skoonma verkoop die grond onder haar uit. Die swart prokureur wat van die begin betrokke was sê net dis die skoonma se grond; hier is die titelakte...al haar kwitansies was glo skuld wat sy aan haar skoonma terugbetaal het...ek het daardie vrou so jammer gekry en haar geld gegee vir vervoer want sy was pennieloos....met my skrapse salaris later vir haar stukwerk gegee as skoonmaker en toe later as voltydse werker in ons huishouding...Dit was seker een van die beste besluite wat ons gemaak het. Sy was daar vir die kinders... hul gesien van geboorte en was soos ‗n moedertjie vir hulle...‘n wonderlike vredeliewende persoon wat geweier het om vir ander te gaan werk toe ek Bloemfontein toe verplaas was vir ‗n 2 jaar tydperk ... Ek het nie onderskeid gemaak met my klaers nie ... ‘n Offisier het my eendag uitgesnou en gesê ek is nie ‗n welsynswerker nie!! Sy het gesê sy wag vir ons maar ongelukkig dood aan longontsteking drie weke voordat ons terug gekom het..RIP Christina Sibanyoni.

Maj (dr) M van Wyk: BO SAP Museum

Christian Loedolff My oorlede broer Jannie Loedolff is heel regs. Let op die kwalifikasies van die Skofsersant. Sers Van Wyk het later deur die range gekom, sy doktorsgraad behaal en later die hoof van die SAP Museum geword; waar hy baanbrekerswerk tov polisiegeskiedenis gedoen het. Sy broer, Alec van Wyk, het na genl HJ van den Bergh, die hoof van BSV (later NI) geword - net voor dr Neil Barnard oorgeneem het.

 Bond van Oud-polisiebeamptes: Wynberg (Wes-Kaap) Bond-Wynberg Tak: Ons eerste Jaarvergadering na ons stigting jaar en 'n half gelede. Gedurende hierdie tydperk het ons afskeid geneem van Johan Verster wat aan Kanker oorlede is. Deon Huysamen het waageneem tot nou toe. Chris Kruger is nou gekies tot die nuwe Voorsitter van ons Bond. Dit kom hom toe want hy het die jare voor daar ‗n bond was, ‗n lys van polisiemanne name gehad dienend en wat op Pesion was genooi vir ‗n re-unies. Ons tak en nou gegroei tot 55 lede op die oomblik. Deon Huysamen is die enigste offisier in ons midde. Hy voel tussen tuis al die oud-AO‘s. Vir party soos ek noem hy ―Oom Jan‖.

Agter vlnr: - Weide Kleyn, Coenie Reyneke, Chris Kruger (Voorsitter) Piet Saayman, Calla Gertsner en Jannie Ruppersberg. Voor vlnr:- Pieter Mostert, Jan van Wyk (Sekretaris), Tony Penso, Deon Huysamen, Jorina Zandberg, Ivan Meyers en At Nigrini.

Groete/Kind Regards JAN VAN WYK. Tel. 0217976748 / Cell, 0828594971 / Email jvw@kingsley.co.za.

KOEVOETBOND

 Sertifikate oorhandig as blyk van waardering – 8 Februarie 2014 

Teks: Anemari Jansen en foto‟s deur Larry Hanton

“Die Oshakati-sand wat die manne van Suidwes aan die voet van die Koevoetbeeld gestrooi het, klou steeds vas. Nie reën nie, nie die wind kon dit wegneem nie. Brigadier Sakkie, jy is soos daardie sand. Dis die kaliber manne van Koevoet, en waarvan Brigadier deel uitgemaak het toe die eenheid begin het.” Paul Fouchè is aan die woord. Ons sit aan by `n tafel by die Blikkantien – restaurant by die Voortrekkermonument - waar Paul al die Koevoetbyeenkomste reël. Die geleentheid is `n

sertifikaatoorhandiging-sessie, en brigadier Sakkie van der Merwe is die eregas. Sakkie is baie siek en uiters skraal – maar sy houding is fier. ―Ons is op die brigadier se vlak. Niemand staan op vir sy sertifikaat nie. Ons hou dit sit-sit vandag. Namens die Bond oorhandig ons graag `n sertifikaat van waardering aan Martie Maartens, die kameraadskap wat jy aan Daan du Toit gegee het.‖ Martie noem dat die begeleiding van Daan in sy laaste dae vir haar `n persoonlike reis was. ―Dit het vir my baie beteken, om te kán beteken.‖ Sy noem dat dit vir haar `n verrykende ervaring was om die Koevoetmanne te leer ken. Daarna ontvang Dicks Dietrichsen `n sertifikaat vir getroue diens. Hy het homself onderskei deur hulpverlening tydens die aanloop van die Muur van Herinnering en het ook as seremoniemeester opgetree by die verrigtinge. Dicks het inspirasie gevind uit sy betrokkenheid by Oshakati, saam met Koevoet. Sakkie van der Merwe maak die opmerking dat die Koevoet Muur van Herinnering `n stuk geskiedskrywing is waarvan die waarde vandag nog nie besef word nie. Geskiedenis van `n geslag se belewenisse word vir die nageslag bewaar. Minnie Meades ontvang `n sertifikaat vir getroue ondersteuning. Haar hulp en bydrae tydens die Muur van Herinnering, ook die aankoop van die blomme, word genoem. Minnie tree ook op in `n ondersteunende hoedanigheid as deel van die Bond se bestuur. Daan du Toit se das word aan Minnie geskenk. Flip Fouchè ontvang `n sertifikaat vir sy volgehoue ondersteuning van die Bond, veral op finansiële vlak en agter die skerms. Paul, Flip se broer, neem sy sertifikaat in ontvangs. Anemari Jansen ontvang `n sertifikaat vir ondersteuning verleen aan `n oud-kameraad, en Larry Hanton ontvang `n sertifikaat vir sy volgehoue dekking van die verloop van die oprigting van die standbeeld, met sy fotoreeks. Sakkie onthou dat hy en Dicks Eugene-hulle se groep, wat nog ―army browns‖ gedra het, in Bedfords gaan aflaai het, maklik twee weke op `n slag. Dan het die groep te voet spoorgesny. ―Ek dink Eugene het die swaarste gekry van almal daar,‖ sê Sakkie. Met die verrigtinge agter die rug, reël Paul dat die kroeg oopmaak en dinge raak gesellig. Ontbyt op die stoep met `n uitsig na die noord-ooste van Pretoria. Die Bond se bande is verstewig en reëlings vir die kranslegging by die Muur van Herinnering op 5/6 April 2014 is flink aan die gang. Kontak Pine Pienaar, voorsitter van die Koevoet Veterane Bond: 082 337 8624 vir meer besonderhede oor die verrigtinge van 5/6 April 2014.

Dit is met leedwese dat ons verneem het van die afsterwe van brigadier Sakkie van der Merwe. Hy is oorlede op 21 Februarie 2014. Saluut.

Vlnr: Paul FouchĂ¨, Martie Maartens, Sakkie van der Merwe en Diecks Dietrichsen

Pual FouchĂ¨, Dicks Dietrichsen en Sakkie van der Merwe

Vlnr: Minnie Meades en Anemari Jansen word deur Sakkie van der Merwe vereer.

SAPS MUSEUM PRETORIA  Visit SAPS Museum by Prof E van der Spuy (UCT) On Monday 24 February 2014 Prof Elrena van der Spuy and HBH visited the SAPS Museum in Pretoria. Each photo tells it own story; here is HBH‘s photo-report:

Mrs Marlene Swanepoel (the archivist) & Prof Elrena van der Spuy

Selinah, SAPS information officer who acted as our guide. Below some of the ―old‖ police trophies, for various type of sport, exhibited in the museum.

Our first South African Police commissioner, then Mr TG Truter. Later he was appointed as Colonel. (Please ignore the spelling errors on the display boards.)

The recruitment poster that ―caught‖ HBH for the SA Police Force.

Behind glass: An early example of a charge office

1939 – 1945: The ―Red Tabs‖-period during WW2. Uniformed policemen also had to wear ―Red Tabs‖.

Venda (left) & KwaZulu Police (Right)

SA Railways Police camouflage (left) and Rhodesian camouflage (right) worn by the SAP COIN-units when serving in Rhodesia.

SAP Camouflage and Koevoet uniform

Beautiful glazed tiles with the ‗old‘ Colonial SAP badge on it. Used in some SAP stations. It is a pity that we in the SAP never did have various standard types of police stations with such tiles – each police station was different.

Entrance to the section dealing with internal stability, riots and the bush war. Sharpville (sic) is spelt SHARPEVILLE.

An inappropriate dressed ―Afrikaans speaking‖ policeman – without boots and wrong cap badge – checking for reference books.

Enforcing of the pass laws

Cato Manor â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the aftermath.

Back: Lieut Willem ―Rivonia‖ van Wyk (SAP)



Soweto: Crimes against Humanity

This one baffled me! Afrikaans in Soweto Schools – A portrayal of a Soweto Class Room – the little ―white‖ boy should be ―black‖.



Torture by the South African Police

A symbolic piece of art â&#x20AC;&#x201C; torture by the former Security Branch of the SA Police

HBH say he has never seen this type of ―ball & chain‖ in the SA Police.



Steve Camp (Durban) At the SAPS Museum HBH met Steve Camp from Durban for the first time. Steve was to meet HBH in the following day. They met by chance in the office of the archivist Mrs Marlene Swanepoel.

SA RAILWAYS POLICE / SA SPOORWEGPOLISIE



Vrystaat: Thys du Plessis

seisoene van die lewe die lewe van mens begin in die lente, met baie seënwens en nog geen rente. soos groeiende plant

met welige ranke, groei sy verstand dan in kennis se banke. en dan kom sy somer en alles lyk mooi, die mens nou â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;n dromer die wĂŞreld sy prooi. en as die herfs kom en alles word vaal, dan raak vingers krom, hare wit, of heel kaal. en met ysigheid kom die winter se kou, maar nou vol wysheid deur die jare gebou. nou vind hy hitte in die Vader se ewige son, die son van geregtigheid vir innerlike hitte sy bron. ÂŠ2012 Thys Du Plessis

SA DEFENCE FORCE / SA WEERMAG  Inquiry: Oxford Harbour View Project - East London Is there any feedback on this project; what does our military friends and historian have to say about the above subject?

SADF: EBBEHOUT AND NETOR Two Major Telecommunications Infrastructure Projects of the South African Army by Walter Volker PART I

1. Background The role of the South African Corps of Signals (SACS) and its twin, the SA Army Signal Formation, is threefold, namely to provide the South African Army with:   

A command and control communications (C3) capability; An Electronic Counter Measures (ECM) capability. This entails being able to disrupt, intercept, jam, etc. the communications of enemy forces; and conversely An Electronic Counter Counter-Measures (ECCM) capability, which entails preventing the enemy from disrupting the communications efforts of your own forces.

The latter two roles are generally jointly referred to as Electronic Warfare (EW) roles. It is within the context of the first role that this article must be read. By the early 1960s the C3 requirements of the army were reaching a point where a major upgrade was required. At that stage the C3 system of the army consisted of the following components: 



The communications network known as the Defence Telegraph Network or DTN, which at the time was based on point-to-point teleprinter links, from Pretoria to the respective main centres. With the implementation of the A301 semi-automatic message routing system in March 1970 it was significantly modernised. However, the whole teleprinter network was totally dependent on SA Post Office (SAPO) links between all the locations. The high frequency (HF) stand-by radio system linked all Commands with Radio Uitkyk in Pretoria, and made use of a network of 500 Watt Single Sideband (SSB) radio sets. This system was used as back-up in the event that one or more of the post office links failed.

The above scenario was not only true for the SA Army, but was also generally applicable to the SA Navy (SAN) and the SA Air Force (SAAF) systems, seeing that they were based on the same principles. For the SACS the prevailing system was unacceptable on the following grounds: 

The vulnerability of the SAPO cable routes, as well as the personnel, protection and vulnerability of its micro wave stations, which were spaced apart at an average distance of 50 kilometers from each other;

 

The inadequate capability and capacity of the existing HF stand-by system; and Equipment was outdated and unreliable and no longer met the demands of modern warfare.

Soon it was realised that peace-meal modernisation efforts would be inadequate, and a more comprehensive programme to provide for speech, telegraph, data and facsimile communications was becoming essential. In response to these requirements, two major projects were initiated by the SACS during the 1970s, namely Project EBBEHOUT (focusing of static C3 requirements) and Project NETOR (providing the mobile and tactical expansion of those services). These were to be two of the most extensive, complex and expensive projects by any measure undertaken by the SADF during the decades of the 1970s and 1980s.

2. Project Ebbehout The tracks of Project Ebbehout can be traced back to the early 1960s, because it was already at that stage that the realisation dawned that a concerted effort would be needed to modernise the C3 infrastructure of the SA Army, and to ensure a service that was independent of other public services as as that of SAPO. During the SACS Symposium which was feld in February 1964, Cmdt Bert Howes (later to become Director of Signals) gave a presentation regarding the latest developments in the field of telecommunications. The information mainly related to countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom, which had made major advances in the area of tropo scatter, telecommunications and radio telephone systems for use in command and control telecommunications for the defence community.

Project Study By 1968, as a result of the vision and involvement of people such as Cmdt George L. Meiring (at the time Officer Commanding the DHQ Signal Squadron; later to become Chief of the SADF and SANDF) and a number of others, the dream was further refined and started coming to fruition. The project feasibility study, known as "Project Ebbehout" officially commenced in 1971, but was preceded by the normal approval programme and obtaining of the necessary funds for the study. The first task was to determine the operational requirement, followed by the definition of the broad technical requirements. As the project study progressed, the scope of the project, as well as the necessity for the rationalisation of C3 services within the context of the broader SADF was noted. Over time, therefore, the needs of other arms of the defence force were also incorporated and the project no longer remained an exclusively SA Army project – but one which was redefined as the "rationalisation of the static command and control telecommunications network of the SADF". The decision that the requirements of the SAAF and SAN would also be accommodated, was taken on 15 March 1972. This early initiative was mainly driven by people such as Brig Gert Boshoff, Col Georg Meiring, Col Tony de Witt and Maj Gerrit Murphy from the SA Army and Mr Fred Bell from Armscor. The initial project team consisted of the Director Signals, a secretary (Col A.J.C. de Wit), the Telecommunication Department Manager of the Armaments Board; and a representative of Director Telecommunications (D Tels).

By the time of the study completion in the early 1970s, further factors had come into play which would enhance the need for expanded, modern military command and control communications. The factors included: i. An increase in the operational activities of the SADF; ii. The inflexibility and security risk attached to the SADF‘s total dependence on the SA Post & Telecommunications (SAPT) for static command and control communications; iii. The lack of SAPT infrastructure in remote border areas; and iv. The very limited mobile command and control communications capability.

Project Management Team Col Tony de Witt was appointed project officer for Ebbehout and a staff requirement was produced by 1972. After his tragic death in a car accident, Cmdt Chris Labuschagne was appointed as project officer in 1975, followed by Cmdt John Calmeyer in 1979. Mr Hans Hoff acted as the Armscor project manager assisted by Mr Bruwer van Graan. At a later stage Mr Piet Erasmus became the project manager followed by Mr Hannes Bezuidenhout. In 1973 Marconi in the UK was appointed as main contractor and Mr Gordon Hancock with a team of engineers were stationed in SA for fulltime participation on the project. Others involved in the early stages of the project included Deon Krige, Ben Foord and Dawie Swarts.

Project Boundaries The initial objective of the SADF was to implement a military communications infrastructure that was completely divorced from the SAPT infrastructure. However, by law the SAPT was responsible for all infrastructure communications in the RSA and a compromise had to be found. It was finally agreed that the SADF could implement its own infrastructure in remote areas where the SAPT had a limited capability. In other areas the SAPT would provide dedicated communications channels to the SADF, and ensure alternative routing to increase network reliability. The resultant Ebbehout carrier infrastructure was therefore a hybrid solution between SADF and SAPT supplied links and/or channels. Although project Ebbehout was initiated and funded by the SA Army, it was always the intention that it should satisfy the static command and control communications requirements of all services and HQ‘s. This was never realized in totality, mainly because the SAAF were planning their own network (Project Pullit) and they and the SAN (Project Advokaat) had their own static HF stations at SAAFTC/Waterkloof and Silvermine/Goedverwacht respectively. This resulted in communications channels being reserved on the Ebbehout network for the SAAF and SAN but very seldom used by them. The one sub-system of Ebbehout that was fully integrated into all the services and HQ‘s was the DTN (Defence Telegraph Network). The initial planning for Ebbehout provided for the extension of the RSA tropo-scatter infrastructure into Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and SWA (now Namibia). In the case of Rhodesia it was planned to have a spur from Messina to Bulawayo and Salisbury. In the case of SWA it was planned to have a spur from Mafeking to Gobabis to Windhoek to Grootfontein with spurs to Oshakati, Rundu and Katima Mulilo. Towards the late 1970‘s civil works had already started in Windhoek and Grootfontein. However, later all the planning and work to extend Ebbehout beyond the RSA borders was terminated. The Ebbehout infrastructure was thus limited to the interior of the RSA. Ironically, towards the mid 1980‘s a

military microwave network was implemented from Windhoek to Grootfontein, Oshakati, Rundu and Katima Mulilo (Project METAL).

Ebbehout System Definition Troposcatter communications were selected for the Ebbehout primary carrier infrastructure because of the huge distances (hundreds of kilometres for a single link) that could be obtained between stations thus, eliminating the security risks and support requirements typical of a microwave network. At the time of the implementation of Ebbehout, digital technology was not yet available for troposcatter links. The Ebbehout system thus made use of analogue FDM (Frequency Division Multiplex) technology. Once the project was completed, the tropospheric scatter and microwave infrastructure of the country would basically consist of three complimentary systems: 

The SADF provided the tropo (or tropospheric scatter) system, which primarily covered the northern areas of the RSA,where Post Office coverage was inadequate;  The Post Office microwave system, which mainly covered the central and southern parts of the RSA.  The SA Air Force system (established by Project Pullet) which covered primarily the central area of the Transvaal. These systems could operate indipendently, or else could be totally integrated to form a complete whole. In addition to the carrier infrastructure, the following services would be supported:      

A Switched Speech Network (SSN) The Defence Telegraph Network (DTN) A Hotline Network A Mobile Entry Network (via Project Netor) A Supervisory Network An HF Standby Network

First tests Before any construction work could start, or even before potential sites could be confirmed, one of the big tasks was to first conduct physical empirical tests between all the potential sites, in order to determine the appropriateness of communication between the various locations. As a consequence, teams conducted national tests between the earmarked sites during 1972 with mobile transmitter and receiving equipment. The test system consisted of a single mobile tropo system supplied by Marconi in the UK. Col Tony de Witt and Cmdt Gerrit Murphy were intimately involved in this process of obtaining empirical data prior to going out on tender. Questionnaires were sent out to various prospective firms in order to determine which of them would have the capabilities to execute the project. The estimated costs at this stage was considered to be a minimum of R25 million. The costs associated with the civil construction work was estimated as comprising about 40% of the total project cost.

Implementation programme The basic implementation timscales for the project started in October 1972 with the return of the questionnaires returned from the vendors for the design phase, awarding of the construction tender by March 1975, commencement of construction by June 1975 and eventual completion of the construction by June 1980. The system design needed to cater for service of 20 years after the completion date in 1980. The Study and Execution phase therefore needed to run almost in parallel in order to ensure that the latest technology was always incorporated into the system. Near disaster averted in 1974 In 1974 a single Marconi system was scheduled to be flown from the UK to South Africa for commencement of a series of tests as part of the equipment evaluation. Marconi was at the time the world leader in this field, being the supplier to the North Sea oil rigs, and also having just secured an order for 26 FM transmitters from the SABC. It was decided to use one of the two regular scheduled SAAF C130 transport planes (from 28 Squadron) to bring the expensive equipment from Heathrow to Waterkloof AFB. A container was loaded on board and carefully weighed; however, loose equipment was loaded as well, and what was also forgotten was that there was already other stuff on board. As a result the plane was hopelessly overloaded, which was only realised when the aircraft was already taxing down the runway! The pilot was forced to dump over 1 000 pounds of fuel in a hurry in order to avert a disaster. As a result, they were forced to land in Portugal to refuel before continuing on their homeward journey. An official enquiry afterwards identified the fault to have been that of the loadmaster at Heathrow, and not the D Sigs staff involved in the project.

Construction and Implementation The initial study, accompanied by the empirical tests in parallel, was a lengthy process, which eventually progressed to the stage in 1974 that tenders for the implementation of the project were solicited. Marconi South Africa, was eventually appointed as the main contractor. The construction and installation process could now commence. Construction on the various tropo sites commenced by 1976. This earthworks phase of the project was an enormous task. The criteria to which sites needed to comply, resulted in the sites haveing to be located on the highest elevations of mountains or hills. Significant civil engineering works needed to be done in order to build access roads and to prepare the premises before the actual construction work could begin. As building material for the equipment buildings, in many cases the natural stone occuring in the area was utilised. The tropo station at Louwsburg and Louis Trichardt were prime examples of this. Construction of the tropo system was executed in two distinct phases: ď&#x201A;ˇ

Phase A: The far Northern part of the system o From Mafikeng to Ellisras; o From Ellisras to Louis Trichardt; o From Louis Trichardt to Mariepskop; and o From Mariepskop to Louwsburg.

ď&#x201A;ˇ

Phase B: The closing of the tropo-loop in the South o From Mafikeng to Olifantshoek to Upington; o From Olifantshoek to Bloemfontein; and finally o From Durban to Louwsburg.

The original planning of the project also made provision to include SWA in the system in order to link up the Walvis Bay Military Area as well as the bases in northern SWA with the telecommunication system. A large part of the civil construction – ground work, bunkers, etc – had already been completed at Windhoek, Grootfontein and Rundu, when a decision was taken in early 1982 not to continue with the rest of the implementation in SWA. The official reason given was that there were insufficient funds available; more informed sources state that the SA government had aleady decided that Resolution 235 would be implemented, and that a massive capital project of this nature was not the most effective use of limited resources. The funds were then reallocated for the establishment of a network of tropo stations along the north-western, northern and north-eastern border of South Africa – stretching from Mafeking to Durban. Construction work on the infrastructure for the HF Standby System took place concurrently. The Transmitter station at Rooiwal and the Receiver and Control station at Boekenhoutskloof (both located North of Pretoria) also required a significant extent of civil engineering work. Installation work of the new Defence Teleprinter Netwerk (DTN) had commenced by May 1978, which mainly consisted out of the establishment of the automatic message switching units (nodes) in the main centres, namely in Pretoria, Bloemfontein, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeith, Potchefstroom and in Natal. By November 1978 the DTN system had already progressed to a stage where switch-over from the old A301 system to the new Ebbehout (DTN) system was possible. The switch-over took place on 28 November and took 9 days to be fully commissioned. The switch-over was, however, disasterous as a result of the fact that the load on the system was four times more than anticipated, leading to the loss of a number of messages. This crisis situation forced the fall-back to the old and reliable A301 on 19 February 1979 which had to take over the task again pening a complete reevaluation and replanning of the new system. Additional equipment needed to be procured in order for the system to fully meet the demand. The new nodes were received by the end of December 1981, after which it was installed and the tests on the re-designed system could start again by March 1982. The final acceptance of the system followed on 17 August 1982 and on Saturday, 14 August 1982 the new Ebbehout DTN was eventually able to successfully take over the task from the A301. By September 1982 the old system was finally switched off. By 1985 the final completion of the project was in sight. Only the digital KN tandem exchange, as replacement for the analog system, was still missing, before the complete implementation of the SSN could take place. The final implementation of the network was a relatively complex undertaking and eventually September 1986 was accepted as the date on which this final sub-system of the Project would eventually be implemented. The official closure of Project Ebbehout took place on 25 September 1986, together with the official opening of the Military Base Wonderboom by the Minister of Defence, Gen Magnus Malan.

Brig Labuschagne, Gen Malan and Col Calmeyer at Wonderboom 24 Sep 1986 Operations In the first 18 months of operation (from early 1983 to mid-1984), the new Ebbehout system passed through some 3,6 million transaction without the loss of a single message. At that point the twenty switches located at various points throughout the country were running at only 10% of their capacity – some 80 000 transactions per month. The 26 carriers or tropo stations were linked to each other and acting as relays and providing access to the number the user had dialled. Messages were automatically rerouted if there was a break in the link between any two stations. In turn, each station had two transmitters and eight receivers, which operated on two frequencies simaltaneously. If one frequency failed, the message was still transmitted. The completed Ebbehout system comprised of the following main elements:       

A carrier infrastructure A switched speech network (SSN) A defence telegraph network (DTN) A hotline network or hotline fax network A mobile entry network A supervisory network or Engineer‘s Monitor Network An HF standby network

The Carrier Infrastructure The troposcatter links were supplied and installed by the UK company Marconi. The antenna systems varied from 30m diameter billboard types to 2m parabolic antennas. Most links made use of quadruple diversity, i.e. space and frequency diversity, to overcome the inherent fading characteristics of a troposcatter channel. Sophisticated pre-detection combining was used in the receivers to obtain optimum signals from the four separate diversity channels. Transmitter power varied from a few watts to 10 kW. These configurations ensured a very high level of availability for the troposcatter links.

The HF Standby Network Before the advent of Ebbehout the SA Army had a static High Frequency (HF) radio station at Radio UITKYK in Voortrekkerhoogte, Pretoria. It comprised of a few 1kw and 10kw transmitters with directional antennas for establishing links with command HQ‘s, remotely deployed SA Army elements, such as EW stations, and international instances. However, the equipment was aging and the capacity insufficient to meet the army‘s increasing requirements. Project Ebbehout thus implemented a complete new static HF system, primarily to serve as a standby to the carrier infrastructure, but also as primary link to remotely deployed SA Army elements, deployed Division and Brigade HQ‘s and for international liaison. The HF system comprised of a transmitter station at Rooiwal, about 20 km north of Pretoria and a receiver station, about 30km north of Pretoria. In addition each command HQ was equipped with a 1kw transmitter and receiver to link with Rooiwal/Boekenhoutskloof. Rooiwal and Boekenhoutskloof were linked with a microwave link. The first physical implementation activities of the entire Ebbehout system started in the 1977 at Boekenhoutskloof. A basic HF link could carry one speech and two 50 Baud telegraphy channels simultaneously. The telegraph channels terminated in the communications centre at Boekenhoutskloof and the speech channels were connected to a so called Manual Exchange for Mobiles (MEM) where an operator could patch the channels into the Ebbehout switched speech network allowing for two way simplex conversations. The latter was never implemented and the links were primarily used for telegraphy. The transmitter equipment comprised of Marconi 1kw and 10kw transmitters and a variety of directional and omni-directional antennas to cover all distances up to 6000km and an antenna switching matrix. The directional antennas included rotatable log periodics. Transmitter settings, antenna selection and antenna direction could be remotely controlled from Boekenhoutskloof. The receiver equipment comprised of Racal receivers, S + 2DX interfaces, various omnidirectional antennas, an antenna switching matrix, a remote control centre and a telegraph communications centre. Boekenhoutskloof was also linked by microwave with Blenny and as such with the carrier infrastructure. The Boekenhoutskloof citadel had the secondary role to serve as the alternative army HQ ops centre should Blenny become inoperative.

Ebbehout and Netor - Two Major Telecommunications Infrastructure Projects of the South African Army by Walter Volker PART II 3. PROJECT NETOR Following the conceptualisation and development of the static C3 capability, it was also essential to supplement the new infrastructure with a mobile and tactical C3 capability. To meet this requirement Project Netor was launched in the early 1970s. The two major projects needed to, of necessity, run in parallel, seeing that the mobile systems were merely an extension of the static system, in order to provide the deployed elements (divisional and brigade HQs) in the field with the same type and quality of telecommunications facilities, as that of the static system.

The First Steps The first visionary thoughts on a modernized mobile command and control communications system emanated from the Director of Signals (Brig Gert Boshoff at the time) environment where Cmdt Georg Meiring, Maj Gerrit Murphy and Maj Carl Neethling played a prominent role. In preparation for both projects, Maj Murphy and Mr Hans Hoff of Armscor spent several months in 1972 at Marconi in the UK to study their tropo scatter systems. At the same time Maj Chris Labuschagne attended a post graduate advanced communications course at the University of Birmingham. Mr Deon Krige of Armscor attended the same course a year later. Thus by 1974 there were trained people available to seriously start addressing the requirements of both projects Ebbehout and Netor. Majors Neethling and Murphy were primarily responsible for producing the operational requirement for project Netor. The requirement addressed the interlinking of divisional and brigade main HQs, their admin areas and the static infrastructure. It had to replace the aged B80 (Siemens FM200) Line of Sight (LOS) and C15 (Collins) 100W HF systems as well as the manually operated switchboards within the HQs, and it had to provide the same user facilities as Ebbehout. Due to the distances that varied from 0 to 200km within which the various HQs could be deployed, provision had to be made for line of sight (LOS - up to 50 km), troposcatter (Tropo - up to 150 km) and high frequency (HF - several hundreds of km) communication links. Due to the technology involved and the specialist nature of the Netor communications system the equipment did not become part of the organic signal units of the brigades and divisions. It was rather centralized under the command of 2 Signal Regiment from where elements were detached to the formations as and when required.

The Project The original study for project Netor was undertaken by Cmdt C.R. Labuschagne (who was destined to become D Signals in later years). By 1972 the specific operational requirements for Netor had not yet been fully formulated, seeing that Netor always had to follow a step behind Ebbehout and the Ebbehout study by that time was not yet in a position to dictate exact direction. During the SACS Symposium in 1972, Col (later General) Georg Meiring, who at that stage was involved in the Netor project study, pointed out the complexity of the study by referring to certain aspects of the technology involved and by naming facilities that were already available, but more specifically to the following:    

Limited availability of frequencies in the HF frequency range; The possibility of considering mobile tropo systems as an option should be considered; That there were already certain systems available which could transmit at approximately 400 Baud; and Facsimile (fax) systems were already available, which had the capability to transmit maps in folio size within about 45 seconds.

During the same symposium Brig Boshoff (Director Signals) also pointed out that the Netor system should make provision for the accommodation of all requirements until the year 2000 and therefore it was essential to think ―big‖. The system needed to be particularly flexible and should be able to handle large volumes of traffic. It was already envisaged that in the years ahead that many of the functions would be controlled by computer. The system should therefore be capable to handle large volumes of data,in order to control the logistics and administration of the SA Army. Brig Boshoff further pointed out that SAPO was whole heartedly in favour of an own system for the SADF seeing that they were unable to meet all their requirements. As a result of the limited HF frequency availability the HF elements of netor should be eliminated and a solution should be found to reliably cover a reach of up to 1000 kilometer. It was also already envisaged that telephone links, with automatic switching facilities up to Brigade level, could become a reality.

Project Personnel Cmdt Chris Labuschagne was appointed as project officer working together with Mr Deon Krige who was appointed as the Armscor project manager. As time progressed Col Charles Lubbe and WO1 Corrie Maré were at various stages acting as project officer. Capt Graham Taylor , Capt Andre van Huysteen and WO2 Etienne West of 2 Sig Regt, WO1 Corrie Maré from D Sigs, Mr Chris Adendorf from Armscor and Mr Apie de Jager and Mr Nick Pacey of Grinel played prominent roles in the user evaluation of potential systems to be procured. Young graduate engineers doing there two year national service were very much involved in project Netor and made an invaluable contribution during the project phase as well as later on during actual deployment of the system by 2 Sig Regt. The work that these young engineers, fresh out of university, did on project Netor exposed them to a wide spectrum of engineering disciplines and was accepted by the SA Council of Professional Engineers as contributory to their qualifying as professional engineers. The project management structure was in all regards similar to that of project Ebbehout as described previously. Before actual procurement started products from potential suppliers were evaluated by members from 2 Sig Regt and the School of Signals. During the procurement phase Armscor acted as main contractor and was thus responsible for the purchase of the product components that made up the various sub-systems. These products were delivered to a transit store at the old School of Signals situated in Voortrekkerhoogte. The transit store later moved to 4 ―VRP‖ in Snake Valley and then to Boekenhoutskloof. From here the equipment was shipped to various contractors as customer furnished equipment to be integrated into sub-systems and installed in mobile containers. WO1 Corrie Maré was intimately involved in the management of the transit store.

Systems Design The more important top level design parameters for Netor were stipulated as follows: i.

It had to provide the same user facilities as the Ebbehout system, i.e. speech, telegraphy and hotline.

ii.

It had to extend the Ebbehout infrastructure into the field on a network basis. This meant inter alia that users in the field could dial up users in the static infrastructure via the switched speech network and telegraph messages could be routed to and from communications centres in these two environments.

iii.

The system had to be transportable and the mobility, erection and dismantling times of the system had to be compatible with that of the HQ that had to be supported.

iv.

Provision had to be made for distances between HQs that could reach up to 200km.

The system had to be modular and flexible in design so as to provide for different configurations according to varying operational deployments.

vi.

Provision had to be made for adequate redundancy and alternative routing.

vii.

Where required encryption would be on an end-to-end basis.

Project Launch and Implementation By 1974 the project was officially launched. By the following year, as the study progressed, the specific sub-systems for the modernised mobile command and control telecommunications systems had been defined, and had been named as follows:           

TXA Shelter: HF Transmitter contained (Afr: Houerbak) for Brigade Headquarters (1 x Transmitter) TXB Shelter: HF Transmitter container for Division and Corps Headquarters (2 x Transmitters) RXA Shelter: HF Receiver container for Brigade and Combat Group Headquarters (1 x Receiver System) RXB Shelter: HF Receiver container for Division and Corps Headquarters (2 x Receiver systems) Line of Sight: VHF radio container for Brigade, Division and Corps Headquarters (B81 and TMA13) Tropo: Mobile Tropo container for Brigade, Division and Corps Headquarters. TG1 Shelter: Telegraphy Endpoint container for Division and Corps Headquarters. TG2 Shelter: Telegraphy Endpoint container for Division and Corps Headquarters as extension of the TG1. TG3 Shelter: Telegraphy Endpoint container for Brigade Headquarters. SPR1 Shelter: A switchboard container (EPABX) for Brigade Headquarters. SPR2 Shelter: A switchboard container (EPABX) for Division and Corps Headquarters.

By 1979 the project had reached the stage where the production of prototype installations of each sub-system could be tackled. Folliwng the receipt of the prototypes, the eveluation phase commenced by the end of 1979. After completion of the evaluation phase, the production could proceed.

Deployment The Netor mobile communications system was extensively proven and used during formation level exercises at the Army Battle School. It was, however, never operationally deployed in a conventional warfare environment (in Angola, for example). A mobile tropo scatter link was set up between Grootfontein military base and the sector HQ at Rundu in SWA (Namibia) in the early 1980‘s over a distance of approximately 200km. The Engineers had to create a small artificial sand hill at Rundu to provide some height to the tropo antennas but the link never worked satisfactory due to the marginal characteristics of the propagation path. Capt Fred Mentz of 2 Sig Regt experimented with parametric

amplifiers to improve the link quality without too much success and the link was therefore not maintained for very long. In 1985 some LOS sub-systems of Netor were deployed in the Far North Command area. At this stage the Command had very limited HF tactical communications between the Command HQ and semi-permanent company bases along their international borders. Although not according to doctrine, it was decided to extend the Ebbehout facilities to some of these company bases via Netor. This was done very successfully in the Ellisras and Mafeking areas and for the first time Far North Command HQ could dial-up the bases, send faxes or route messages to and from its border bases. Netor sub-systems were also extensively deployed in support of the SA Post and Telecomms authorities during the signature of the Nkomati Accord at Komatipoort. Cmdt John Calmeyer played a major role in this operation.

Netor shelters at Rooiwal Military Base 2008

The Shelters The concept used by Netor was that all the communications equipment was installed in containers or ―shelters‖ which would need to be a light-weight, fibre glass type construction, and were to be road transportable and also air transportable. The primary means of transport was the SAMIL 50 flat-bed truck, onto which the shelters were mounted. By a simple process, a shelter could be placed either on the ground or onto another vehicle. Once off the vehicle, the shelter could be conveyed with the use of a ―camel wheel‖ set which lifted the shelter and conveyed it like a trailer. The primary carrier system for Netor was a Line of Sight (LOS) radio set with multiplexing equipment, so that with one radio it was possible to make 12 transmissions over one channel. This equipment was installed in an LOS shelter. Like Ebbehout, Netor also used a HF (High Frequency) stand by system, of which the equipment was situated in shelters known as TXA, RXA1, RXA2, TXB and RXB shelters. The stand by system was integrated with the Ebbehout centre at Boekenhoutskloof. At the heart of the Netor system was the SPR (speech control) shelter. This shelter housed an EPABX (electronic private automated branch exchange).

User equipment consisted of telephones, data terminals, facsimile or teleprinters. Again, the teleprinters were accommodated in shelters referred to as TG1, TG2 and TG3, of which each one would accommodate eight teleprinters. Sub-systems were installed in militarized air conditioned containers (supplied by Van der Wettering) that could be transported by flatbed Samil 20 and Samil 50 vehicles. The containers came with hoisting equipment enabling them to be dismounted from the vehicles. Containers were interconnected by multi pair cables and powered by a reticulation system fed by 15 or 50 KVA generators.

4. ORGANISATION

Whilst the Directorate Signals was initially directly responsible for the concept and management of both projects, the operationalization was entrusted to 2 Signal Regiment. In the initial stages of the project, 2 Signal Regiment was still only at squadron strength – known as Defence Head Quarters (DHQ) Signal Squadron. In May 1972 the squadron was upgraded to full regimental status and redesignated 2 Signal Regiment. By the time that project Ebbehout was operationalized, two squadrons were allocated to run the infrastructure, namely 21 Signal Squadron at Blenny (Defence Head Quarters) and 22 Signal Squadron (at the receiver station, Boekenhoutskloof). At the time 23 Squadron was allocated to the Electronic Warfare (EW) task – which it performed until November 1981 when 5 Signal Regiment was established with the exclusive purpose of EW. At that point 23 Squadron‘s role was changed to be responsible for Project Netor (Mobile Command and Control Telecommunications). Major (later Colonel) Graham Taylor, was the OC of 23 Sqn (and later also 22 Signal Unit) for most of the crucial years of Project Netor‘s establishment and rapid growth to maturity from about April 1979 until the end of 1989. In April 1983, 2 Signal Regiment was reorganised into a Regimental HQ and two signal units, namely 21 and 22 Signal. 21 Signal Unit was responsible for Static Command and Control Communications, and consisted of a number of squadrons, designated 211 Sqn, 212 Sqn, 213 Sqn, etc. 22 Signal Unit was responsible for Mobile Command and Control Communications, and consisted of eight Citizen Force squadrons (221 to 228 Sqn) and one Permanent Force squadron (229 Sqn). The CF squadrons were each allocated to support the two conventional Divisions (7 and 8 Division), and three Brigades of each Division – making a total of 8.

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This structure was retained until the early 1990s when there was a major reorganisation of the whole SA Army Signal Formation, which also affected 2 Signal Regiment‘s role. 5. Bases and Stations DHQ Signal Squadron, and initially also 2 Signal Regiment, was based at Voortrekkerhoogte. However, since 1981 2 Signal Regiment was relocated to the new Military Base Wonderboom, just north of Pretoria. The two primary stations providing the HF backup system – the transmitting and receiving stations – we located at Rooiwal and Boekenhoutskloof respectively, some 20 km further north. Both these installations were designed as three story underground bunkers capable of withstanding direct bomb attacks and chemical/biological warfare. The bunkers were selfsufficient and could be shut down for a period of fourteen days. The bottom floor of the bunkers housed the services such as generators, water tanks, sewerage plants and fuel tanks. The middle floor housed the equipment, ops and communications centres, and a hot bunk sleeping facility. The top floor housed the offices and mess facilities.

Ebbehout Receiver Station: Boekenhoutskloof Specification: 

Three stories underground: 1st floor for ops and equipment; 2nd floor for personnel quarters, accommodation, mess etc; 3rd floor for generators, fuel, aircon etc.  Bunker system could withstand a 500 kg bomb direct hit  Could be self-contained for 2 weeks  Had C&BW (Chemical and Biological Warfare) capabilities, including scrubbers and decontamination facilities The base could serve as a back-up / alternative Ops centre for the SA Army in case Blenny was incapacitated. It was linked to Blenny and Rooiwal with an independent and direct microwave link. The ―MEM‖ capability (Manual Exchange for Mobile) allowed interfacing with Netor mobile units. The Ops Room in Blenny could be patched through from the GPO telephone system to any unit in the SADF via HF link.

Construction as on 6 May 1977

6 May 1977

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The end product â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Boekenhoutskloof bunker from the outside in 1979

Inside the control Room

Ebbehout Transmitter Station: Rooiwal Rooiwal was essentially a duplicate of Boekenhoutskloof, except that it had a minimum staff complement as a transmitter station can more easily be detected by enemy surveillance. The main transmitter was a 10 kW unit, and it could be remotely controlled from Boekenhoutskloof by Line of Sight link

102

Rooiwal Excavations, 3 Jun 1976

Blenny – the SA Army Operations and Communications Centre Blenny served both as Comcen and Operations centre of the SA Army. It also served as the Syscon (Systems Control) and Engineers Control for the Ebbehout system. It was constructed after Boekenhoutskloof and Rooiwal, and was located behind DHQ in Potgieter Street, Pretoria.

Ebbehout Tropo Stations Due to the requirement of troposcatter links to have as far as possible a negative angle to the horizon, the tropo stations were located on high mountain peaks. Installation of these stations thus required quite involved civil works, including access roads, and routing of electrical power lines. The billboard antennas and their feed horns had to be positioned very accurately, requiring huge stable concrete foundations. The Department of Environmental Affairs requested that the natural habitat and view of the tropo station locations should be disturbed as least as possible. For this reason the buildings were mostly constructed from natural rock and antennas were placed as unobtrusive as possible. Due to the excellent locations of the tropo stations from a propagation point of view and the availability of power and water, some of these stations were combined with EW installations. The technical buildings at the tropo stations included an equipment room, a workshop, a store room, an office and ablution facilities. The main tropo stations were supported by one high level technician who also had the responsibility of the sub-stations linked with the main station. To accommodate the support personnel, houses and messes had to be built in town at Louwsburg, Louis Trichardt and Olifantshoek. At the other locations the personnel were accommodated in existing SADF facilities. The original plan was to build Tropo-stations at the following locations: Tropo Station (26)

Location

Blenny

DHQ, Pretoria

Bloemfontein

OFS Command

“Tail” station

EW Capability

103

Boekenhoutskloof N of Pretoria Durban

Natal Command

Ellisras

Transvaal

Gobabis

SWA

Grootfontein

SWA

Hanglip

Louis Trichardt

Katima Mulilo

SWA

Louwsburg

N of Vryheid, Natal

Madimbo

E of Messina

Mafeking/ Mafikeng

N Cape/ Bophuthatswana

Mariepskop

Transvaal

Olifantshoek

Transvaal

Oshakati

SWA

Port Elizabeth

PE Command

Rooiwal

N of Pretoria

Rundu

SWA

Silvermine

Cape Town

Umhlanga

N of Durban

Upington

N Cape

Vhembe

W of Messina

Windhoek

SWA

Yes

Jozini

Phalaborwa

Yes Yes

However, by as early as 1978 already, the SADF took a decision not to invest in long-term infrastructure in SWA/ Namibia any longer, and all related work was stopped. By this time Windhoek and Grootfontein had already been partially erected. Grootfontein was left unfinished, while the Windhoek site was later used as a hub for HF links.

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Hanglip, Louis Trichardt

Aug 1978

Sep 1978

Louwsburg Tropo Station

SA Navy integration with Ebbehout The SAN only used HF, not tropo, technology. Silvermine was the Operations Centre of the SAN and also the Receiver station for SAN HF network. It served as the Cape Town node for the Ebbehout system. Goedverwacht was the transmitter station for the SAN HF network. SAAF integration with Ebbehout The SAAF also only used an HF system. Snake Valley, Pretoria, was their main receiver station, while Waterkloof AFB near Pretoria was the main transmitter station. 5. CONCLUSION From 1997 onwards there was a decisive shift towards the use of satellite communications for long distance communication â&#x20AC;&#x201C; especially during peace keeping missions in other African countries like the DRC, Sudan and others. As a result, the need for tropo-based equipment started declining. By 2001 Col Colin Brand (OC 2 Signal Regiment) had closed down Project NETOR equipment as it no longer effectively met the long range communications requirement. In its place Project MERCURIUS was launched within 2 Signal Regiment; Col

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Brand called up Lt Col Fred Mentz to drive the project and demo. By April 2001 the prototype container had been successfully demonstrated to all, after which the project was handed over to Shane Harrison to develop further. Mini M/ Iridium mobile satellite phones were used, while at least 2MHz bandwidth of satellite comms were utilized during the initial Op FIBRE deployment in the DRC in 2001. In terms of their original objective of ensuring a robust and effective static and mobile command and control communications infrastructure to the SADF for a period of two decades, these two projects were remarkably successful. All those individuals involved in the initial conceptualisation, the project management, implementation and eventual operationalization, can most certainly be very proud of their collective achievements. REFERENCES VOLKER, W.V.: ―Army Signals of South Africa. The Story of the South African Corps of Signals and its antecedents‖ (Veritas Books, Pretoria, 2010) VOLKER, W.V.: ―Signal Units of the South African Corps of Signals and Related Signal Services‖ (Veritas Books, Pretoria, 2010) VOLKER, W.V.: ―9C – Nine Charlie! Army Signallers in the Field. The Story of the Men and Women of the South African Corps of Signals, and their Equipment.‖ (Veritas Books, Pretoria, 2010).

 Yucando Karate: Col Len Els, SC, SANDF Wheelchair bound members of YUCANDO KARATE (You-can-do) practicing for their first grading (yellow belt). The human spirit is unbreakable!

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 Modelling Conflict 100: Modelling Modern South African Armour: Lt Col W Marshall Extent – 120 pages Format – 297mm x 210mm Illustrations – Extensively illustrated Binding – Paperback

The first in this all new series ‗Conflict 100: A Century of Warfare Remembered through Military Modelling‘, exclusively published by GG Books and Helion & Company, showcases modern South African Armour. Through a series of step by step builds by leading modellers, which are accompanied by detailed walk-arounds, a selection of vehicles and weapon systems are explored by serving South African Army Officer, William Marshall, for military modellers and students of military history alike. During the South African Border War of 1966-1989, the South African Defence Force circumvented an international arms embargo to build a robust capability which reflected the nature of the conflict in hand; counter-insurgency operations against SWAPO in northern South West Africa (Namibia) and offensive war fighting into Angola. The South African Defence Force found itself commissioning a range of Mine Protected platforms which were designed to counter the prevalent use of landmines and IEDs. Vehicles such as the Casspir and Buffel were purposefully designed to protect infantrymen from the threat of reinforced mines – many of which were fabricated from unexploded ordnance or from multiple anti-tank mines initiated by a trigger anti personnel mine. With its sturdy V-shaped hull, the Casspir was well able to survive mine blasts as was the Buffel which afforded protection whilst allowing a high degree of mobility. Here, modeller Steve Crump assembles the BaxMod 1/35th Casspir as a Koevoet vehicle – the elite South West African Police counter-insurgency team. Whereas BaxMod founder

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Chris Baxter, builds his own 1/35th Buffel kit. Both the Casspir and Buffel have become icons of the Border War, these builds show just why... The Ratel series of Infantry Fighting Vehicle was also designed to protect its crew from landmines and IEDs, whilst also giving Commanders a highly mobile and kinetic offensive capability. Equipped with a 20mm gun, the Ratel 20 is able to deliver an astonishing rate of fire. The Ratel 90 has proved itself an exceptional ‗bunker buster‘ in operations against SWAPO in southern Angola and in a number of instances, readily saw off T-55 tanks. Tamiya‘s Marcus Nicholls here takes us through his stunning Ratel 20 build, whereas Australian modeller, Stuart Ransley, does the same for his Ratel 90. South Africa‘s main battle tank during the Border Was a derivative of the British Centurion. Equipped with a powerful diesel engine and up-gunned with a 105mm system, the Olifant was well suited for operating in the bush. Deployed during the 1987 / 1988 battle of Cuito Cuanavale, the Olifants of 61 Mechanised Infantry Battalion proved themselves a formidable adversary for Angolan and Cuban forces. Steve Crump‘s Olifant build is based on the AFV Club Centurion kit and depicts an Olifant during the Cuito battle. German modeller Ralf Stein, takes us through his Olifant build too – an amazing work that truly captures the shape and features of a battle worn Olifant. BaxMod‘s latest 1/35th resin release is the G6 Self Propelled Gun. Modeller David Rowe gives this huge kit the full treatment to render a build of this weapon system which is stunning to behold. Now operationally deployed with the post-apartheid South African National Defence Force, the G6 is an incredible example of South African military engineering and a triumph of production for Armscor – the Armaments Corporation of South Africa. South Africa‘s 44 Para Brigade was one of the SADF‘s elite fighting units. An airborne offensive capability, it saw action during the 1978 Cassinga battle where a force of ParaBats led by the legendary Colonel Jan Breytenbach, assaulted and destroyed a large insurgency headquarters. The Pathfinder Company of 44 Para Brigade interestingly comprised a significant number of British and American ‗contract soldiers‘. These individuals adapted and improvised the issue Unimog carriers to be light patrol vehicles. Heavily armed with a combination of 7.62mm FN MAGS and .50 Cal Browning guns, these patrol vehicles were striking to say the least. Ralf Stein‘s build takes us through the assembly of one of these ‗Mad Max‘ machines. Different it is! ‗Modelling Modern South African Armour‘ is a unique and compelling work. The origin and history of each weapon system is covered in detail; step by step builds in full colour give important ‗how-to‘ tips; walk-arounds feature images that have never been seen before; colour profiles illustrate camouflage markings and the volume cites extensive references, a bibliography and more. About the Author 

William Marshall

William Marshall is a serving Lieutenant Colonel in the South African National Defence Force, currently posted to the Joint Operations Division as staff officer, Doctrine Development Centre. He saw active service during the Border War and in 1987 was seconded to the newly formed KwaNdebele Defence Force. William went on to serve with 115 SA Infantry Battalion as Second in Command and in 1998, was posted to 73 SA Bde as HQ Unit Commander. He has a passion for things Second World War and helped with the

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development of the SA Colours & Markings series of books. He has also assisted with a number of other publications including the Polish printed Armor Color Gallery work on the Comet tank and a French publication on the Marmon-Herrington armoured car. He has published two works on the 6th SA Armoured Division in Italy during 2010 and has just published a History of the Marmon-Herrington armoured car. About the Series Editor 

Steve Crump

When Steve Crump‘s dad built him an Airfix BAC1-11 kit he was hooked. From that moment on, at eight years old, all he wanted to do was stick plastic, resin, card and fibreglass together. When a British Army Anti-Tanks course required a series of NATO vehicles built, Steve was straight down the Salisbury model shop buying up their Tamiya kits – three days later the course was ‗eyes-on‘ a range of modern British, US and German armour! Today, Steve‘s builds continue to reflect his wide ranging and eclectic modelling interests; from modern armour to WWII aviation, radio controlled U-Boats through to modern warships. And of course, anything Gerry Anderson related – usually large garage builds which take years to finish! Married to Amanda and with a wannabe rock star daughter, Steve lives in Warwickshire, UK. About the Series „Conflict 100: A Century of Warfare Remembered through Military Modelling‟ Modelling Conflict 100 is a new series concept brought you exclusively by GG Books UK and Helion & Company – two of the world‘s leading and pre-eminent publishers of military history. Reflecting upon the last 100 years of conflict and drawing reference from the Conflict 100 initiative tabled by Helion & Company, Military History Tours Ltd, GG Books UK and Citizens Eye Ltd, this series allows military modellers to focus on a specific area or genre that is of interest to them. From Modern South African Armour to Cold War British Jet Fighters; the Rhodesian Conflict through to French Foreign Legion Operations in Mali; S-Boat Operations in the Aegean to modern Bundeswehr armour. All these and more will be given the Conflict 100 treatment – quality builds by leading modellers; historical contexts from acknowledged sources, colour profiles of vehicles and weapon systems; detailed walk-arounds which take you to the heart of the subject. For more information on Conflict 100 visit: www.conflict100.wordpress.com With individual builds and profiles available to buy as downloadable PDFs, this series will grow and grow.

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The Casspir: William Marshall

Buffel APC: William Marshall

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Note: 35 were used by the police in RSA & SWA.

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Did the former SA Railways Police employ Buffels? - HBH

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Kol MJJ van Rensburg (SALM – Afgetree) EK IS N BOEMELAAR (Br.) Meneer ! Wat is jou beroep ? En wat is jou kwalifikasies ?. Hoe sê vra jy vir my hier op die stoep ? Ja meneer , ons gaan lank gesels. Wel! Soos jy sien het ek baie grade. Ek was die korporatiewe man van die jaar. Mense soos ek is duur en raar. Oral waar ek kom sal mense na my staar. Ek was diaken in die kerk en my geld het daar hard gewerk. Almal in die stad het my geken. Daar was vriende van die universiteit en baie van die ondergrondse aktiwiteit. Ek was `ŉ vriend van die president en die burgemeester van die stad. Ons het saam gekonkel op die gholf baan. Meneer, miskien sal jy nou verstaan. Die polisiehoof se hand is in my sak en die bankbestuurder op my bankstaat. Ek was ook beroemd in die onder wêreld en was gereed vir my plek in die parlement. Ek het aand – klasse geloop in owerspel, dit laat my regtig lag vir die hel. Ek het gevorderde kroeg-klasse geloop en glo my dit het my gewete gestroop. My motors en vliegtuig het op my landgoed gestaan in ŉ spesiale plek langs die aanloopbaan. My familie en ek het perd gery en ons het almal so lekker gekry. Meneer ! Wat wou jy nou meer ? Niks kon my ooit keer. Ek het bedags en snags baie geleer en was met baie lof en geld geëer Aansien en rykdom, kul en keur, steel en lieg en rol in oneer.. Die Man met die kroon en sekel het in my koringland vir my gewag. Sy Stem was duidelik en sag. Hy sê vir my hiers teveel onkruid, geweeg, teveel sonde en boosheid. Toe ek skatryk word, toe word ek brandarm.

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Toe ek vol word, toe word ek leeg. Toe ek alles besit, het ek niks. Soos ŉ Job word alles weg geveeg. En toe meneer word ek bevorder en ek is onbevoeg vir die pos. ŉ Mens moet redelik oud wees, geskik vir hierdie beroep of nering. Met my tas in my hand was ek `ŉ leerling.. Skielik is die wye wêreld my eie plaas. Geen vergaderings en skedules, geen selfone, sekretaresse of sjampanje, net bedelaars, taxi‘s en boewe, baie. Ek het lewenslank gearbei aan hierdie titel. Vandag ontvang ek dit op die hoek van die straat. Dit is my gradeplegtigheid, ŉ groot saak. Meneer, hier maak die duiwel die toespraak terwyl niemand vir my hande klap. Ek was geklee met ŉ swart plastieksak en dit was my enigste toga en nogal bak. My plegtige sertifikaat, helaas toiletpapier. Dit laat my so bietjie suur.. Vanaand sal ek die honderde slaapplekke besoek. Ek hoor hulle het natuurlike lugversorging. My BMW is nou ŉ twee-wiel stoot karretjie. Iemand het die buiteband gruwelik besteel. Die vyf rand bring ŉ knop in my keel. Op wie se planeet is ek, hierdie mannetjie. Jy sien meneer, agter my naam staan Br, dit staan eenvoudig vir BOEMELAAR.

MJJ van Rensburg

Februarie 2014.

Die knoopskêr

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National Servicemen to stay on Veterans‟ Database Written by Kim Helfrich (via Johan Jacobs)

Former national servicemen who registered as military veterans will remain on the national veterans‘ database and be in line for benefits if they qualify in terms of a mean test. This was confirmed to FF+ defence spokesman Pieter Groenewald by Department of Military Veterans (DMV) director-general Tsepe Motumi this week, eight days after an announcement that national servicemen on the veterans‘ database would have their details deleted. The political party and civic organisation, AfriForum, immediately took up cudgels of behalf of the estimated 16 000 former conscripts who took time to register with the DMV. Groenewald said he would seek a meeting with Defence and Military Veterans Minister, Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula, and would also speak to Motumi about the issue. ―The definition in the Military Veterans Act of what constitutes a military veteran is very clear and former national servicemen do qualify,‖ he said. Following a meeting with Motumi this week Groenewald said the director-general ―once again confirmed‖ the names of servicemen who are on the database will not be removed. His intervention comes at a time when the DMV has started a nationwide roll-out of a counselling and group therapy programme and published regulations pertaining to benefits, including healthcare, education and job assistance for registered and verified military veterans. The regulations determine that, among others, to qualify for housing assistance

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and access to subsidised public transport, military veterans must earn less than R125 000 a year. Groenewald said it was ―illegal‖ for any names to be removed from the national military veterans‘ database. This, because the law provides for an appeals board to hear any complaint or allegation of wrongdoing. ―Such a board has not yet been appointed and it is illegal to remove any data if the mechanisms for complaints to be heard are not in place,‖ he said. The defence vote of the national budget, released yesterday by Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan, has put half a billion Rand in the coffers of the DMV for allocation to needy veterans in the 2014/15 financial year.

BRITISH SOUTH AFRICA POLICE -

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NATIONAL SECURITY / NASIONALE VEILIGHEID 

Opinie - Rapport

 Polisie is meer mag as diens 2014-01-18 23:33 Onder pres. Jacob Zuma en sy polisieminister, Nathi Mthethwa, is die polisiediens besig om in ‘n polisie-mág te ontaard. Een van demokratiese Suid-Afrika se hoofprioriteite ná apartheid was om ‘n geïntegreerde polisiediens te vestig met ‘n nuwe kader beamptes wat menseregte vooropstel. Dié diens moes vertroue inboesem en gefokus wees om te dien, nie om te vermoor en te verniel nie. Dit sou altyd ‘n turksvy van ‘n projek wees, maar die vordering wat onder vorige ANC-regerings gemaak is, is onder die Zuma-administrasie aan‘t wegkalwe. Dit voel of ons terug is waar ons drie dekades gelede was. Dink aan Andries Tatane van Ficksburg; Mido Macia, ‘n Mosambiekse taxibestuurder wat in Daveyton agter ‘n polisievoertuig gesleep en in ‘n sel dood is. Wie sal die 34 afgemaaide mynwerkers by Marikana vergeet? En nou by Mothutlung, buite Brits, is nog drie mense dood toe hulle oor vuil drinkwater betoog het. Dié beelde stook onder gewone Suid- Afrikaners die skrikbeeld van ‘n gewelddadige polisiediens wat intimideer en boelie; wat nie huiwer om ‘n lewe te neem nie. Straks is die beamptes nie behoorlik opgelei om plofbare situasies, soos betogings, te kan hanteer nie. Miskien reken lede hulle gaan met dié vergrype wegkom. Daar is die laaste maande heelwat gesê oor Nkandla, maar die grootste – en gevaarlikste – klad op Zuma se naam is die agteruitgang van ‘n menseregtekultuur onder wetstoepassers. Party kenners verwys na die ―sekurokratisering‖ van die staat onder Zuma, ‘n strategie waarin die polisie, weermag en intelligensiedienste ingespan word om die heersers se belange te dien, nié die burgery nie. Ons leef gewis nie in ‘n polisiestaat nie, maar dit lyk tog of dié mag toenemend gebruik word om teenstand te onderdruk. Gerugte dat die intelligensiedienste verlede Saterdag op die ANC-saamtrek in Nelspruit ingespan is om afvalliges uit te snuffel, voorspel niks goeds nie. http://www.rapport.co.za/Opinie/Hoofartikels/Polisie-is-meer-mag-as-diens-20140118

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South Africa: Private Security Industry ď&#x201A;ˇ

Restrictions on foreign ownership of private security companies are necessary - Nathi Mthethwa.

Nathi Mthethwa: 25 February 2014 Police minister says line between PSCs and private military companies is increasingly becoming blurred REMARKS BY THE MINISTER OF POLICE, E.N. MTHETHWA, MP ON THE OCCASSION OF THE DEBATE OF THE PRIVATE SECURITY INDUSTRY REGULATION AMENDMENT BILL [B 27D - 2012](s75), NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, PARLIAMENT 25 February 2014 Honourable Speaker; Honourable Members of Parliament; Fellow South Africans; This Amendment before the House today came about as a result of tremendous growth of the private security industry since the promulgation of the principal Act in 2001. The Private Security Regulations Amendment Bill seeks to strengthen control over the regulation of the private security industry, including security services rendered from South Africa to other countries. Currently there are more than 445 000 registered private security guards compared to just over 270 000 armed-statutory forces, namely the South African Police Service (SAPS) and South African National Defence Force (SANDF). The number of private security almost doubles that of our combined statutory forces. As a result, members of the public are on daily basis more likely to interface or come into contact with private security than they are with SAPS officers. South Africa currently has one of the largest private security industries in the world. The growth of the private security industry is not unique to South Africa. Internationally, the private security industry has grown significantly over the last two decades. However the growth of the South African private security industry has out-stripped other countries. Whilst it is true that private security does and can fill certain vacuums, private security can never replace the public police. In fact, they have very different objectives. Public police aims to protect the public while private security has a profit motive and has as its main objective the protection of its clients' interests. The interests of private clients and those of the state and public are not always the same. It is therefore not surprising that the activities and functions of private security are regulated in most parts of the world and that the framework for this regulation is becoming more extensive in many countries.

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Since the dawn of our democracy the police have been under intense scrutiny by the state and the public. This is clearly illustrated by the multiple oversight bodies and laws governing the police. This is not the case with the private security industry, whose accountability is purely market-driven. Both government and civil society have been concerned with the effective regulation of the industry and the Amendment Bill seeks to address the challenges that have been experienced with regard to effective regulation. These challenges include but not limited to: 1) Effective governance and capacity of the Private Security Industry Regulatory Authority. 2) The lack of resources, which compromise effective regulation and the dependence of the Regulator on the industry to fund its activities. 3) The lack of proper accountability for fire-arms in the possession of members of the private security industry. 4) Lack of accountability of security services rendered outside the Republic by South African security companies and this would amongst others include allegations of mercenary activities. 5) Criminality within the private security industry. 6) The growth of foreign owned companies in South Africa (we will elaborate on this later). As a result of the challenges outlined above, the tightening of the South African regulatory framework for the private security became a necessity. Let me focus on one particular issue that has received considerable attention, that is, the bill before this august house places restriction on the extent of foreign ownership of the private security companies. It is necessary because the line between private security companies (PSCs) and private military companies (PMCs) is increasingly becoming blurred. The United Nations has recognised the blurring of these lines and these entities are now referred to as private military and security companies, which is an all-encompassing phrase. Equally private security companies are increasingly used in the field of intelligence. According to international research conducted by Caroline Holmqvist private security companies are today used for wide variety of intelligence tasks and there are numerous examples of such. International concern has also been growing about some of the large international security companies who do not have a good record when it comes to human rights violations. As a developmental state, it will be irresponsible of us not to take seriously the above concerns and to ensure that our domestic legislation protects both our national and security interests.

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Indeed, it is important to note that South Africa is not alone in wanting to limit foreign ownership in the field of private security industry, a number of countries either completely outlaw or place limitations in foreign ownership. Let me lay to rest the arguments advanced by opponents of this Bill, arguments that it will lead to job losses in the industry. This argument has no basis. The provision of security service depends on supply and demand like any commodity in the market place. Change of ownership will not change demand. To this day, there is no evidence that because there would be change in the ownership, people will simply disinvest. Indications are that when the time comes, they will sell the relevant shares to comply with the law. Not closing down as we are led to believe. When foreigners bought a number of South African companies no job losses were experienced. Private security companies, like any business, are driven by profit and nothing else. In conclusion, the Amendment Bill not only strengthens the private security regulatory authority but also we have taken a responsible approach to limit foreign ownership and to implement this in a manner that takes into account our international obligations. I therefore call on this august House to support this Bill. I thank you. Issued by the Ministry of Police, February 25 2014

http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page72308?oid=55313 2&sn=Marketingweb+detail&pid=90389&utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines &utm_campaign=eb0586fd73DHN_Feb_26_2014&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99-eb0586fd73130042309

National Security East vs West 

Putin's useful idiots

Eminent Russia expert says liberals who support Edward Snowden have given succour to the Kremlin as it seeks to crush Ukrainian protesters    

Supporting Edward Snowden and his leaks is becoming fashionable Many countries have decried the spy activity by the U.S. The leaks by Edward Snowden might do more harm than good to the West Unity has been sacrificed for the knowledge

By Edward Lucas; published: 00:23 GMT, 22 February 2014 | Updated: 00:44 GMT, 22 February 2014 As Ukraine teeters on the brink of chaos, the Western powers have never looked so weak.

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Old allies are divided. Public trust in governments is low. There is scant appetite for resistance to Vladimir Putin‘s audacious bid to restore the old Soviet empire.

Edward Snowden, who worked as a contract Vladmir Putin has been accused of being in employee at the National Security Agency, in cahoots with Snowden, claiming that Hong Kong Snowden's eventual position in Russia is too convenient to be coincidence Reasons for our disarray abound. But among them one has attracted too little attention: the devastating effect of computer specialist Edward Snowden‘s theft of 1.7 million top-secret documents from America‘s National Security Agency (NSA) and its British counterpart, GCHQ. Parts of his data heist have been published by Western media outlets such as The Guardian and the Washington Post. Much of what they have printed has been both reckless and inaccurate. Throughout, it has been promoted by a spin operation worthy of Alastair Campbell. Details of the leaked capabilities and targets of the U.S. and British spying establishments have been received by European governments with fury — albeit mixed with envy, naivete and, as I will show, hypocrisy. The result has been to jeopardise the world‘s most important security alliance — the transatlantic relationship between Europe and the U.S. At a time when the wires should be buzzing with joint approaches to the crisis in Ukraine, all too often they are silent. Mr Putin‘s thuggish and secretive Russia, where Edward Snowden — ironically — has sought refuge, is the great beneficiary of all this.

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I must admit that at the beginning of the Snowden saga, I had a sneaking admiration for the fugitive — an able intelligence professional who had worked for the Central Intelligence Agency and the NSA. He had sacrificed his career and risked his freedom to expose what he depicted as systematic wrongdoing by Western intelligence agencies. He abhorred the way that they hoover up vast amounts of information on innocent citizens and friendly countries. Their snooping is carried out in secret, and their activities are enforced by secret court orders. They access and exploit — and even weaken — the very computer hardware and software that are now vital parts of everyone‘s lives. Before Snowden, we only suspected the extent of these activities. Now, thanks to him, we know the details. But I soon began to lose my initial sympathy, and resolved to write a book explaining the damage done by his actions — and the smugness and naivete of his fashionable followers, whom I dubbed ‗Snowdenistas‘. Snowden's activity has angered the U.S. National Security Agency and many of it's supporters have claimed that his actions should be deemed treachery

For any intelligence whistle-blower to justify betraying his service, he has to expose grave wrongdoing of a kind which could not be put right in any other way. And he should steal and leak only such material as is relevant to his cause, and which doesn‘t endanger the fully justifiable activities of his colleagues. Snowden fails those tests. Yes, the information which was published (it emerged in June last year) is troubling in the sense of the extent of the surveillance it reveals. But it does not prove systematic, sinister wrongdoing or abuse by the NSA or its foreign allies. I have many years‘ experience of the intelligence world. I was deeply involved in Eastern Europe during the Cold War, and have followed the revival of the KGB in Russia with close attention and alarm.

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Glenn Greenwald, a reporter from the Guardian newspaper, has been the main reporter for the Snowden leaks

I have also written a book on East-West espionage. So I am perhaps better placed than most outsiders to interpret the Snowden material. One fact stood out. The purported ‗abuses‘ that the Snowden documents revealed are nothing of the kind. They do not show — or come even close to showing — that the NSA is a rogue agency, out of control and bent on trampling the rights of individual Americans. To be sure, mistakes happen. At one point, the NSA hoovered up all the calls in the Washington DC area code (which starts 202), mistaking them for Egyptian ones (where the international dialling code is +20). Such errors are inevitable. But they were all caught and reported within the NSA‘s system. The big question is whether they are the result of deliberate and wilful abuse. Of that, there is no evidence. In all the material released so far, there is no sign of a single American‘s privacy being breached as a result of the NSA evading any law. On the contrary, they show an agency painfully aware of its legal constraints, even when it chafes under them. The idea that the NSA, or indeed Britain‘s GCHQ, behaves like the old East German Stasi is both offensive and preposterous. The U.S. has, in truth, the most intrusive and rigorous system of intelligence oversight of any country in the world.

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A boy walks by a truck on fire during clashes As Kiev burns, Edward Lucas ponders the between anti-government protesters and position of Putin and Snowden in the Interior Ministry members in Kiev Ukrainian protests, which Russia is attempting to quell It is scrutinised by two congressional committees and a court of expert judges, and there are many other safeguards. he activities of the NSA have been endorsed by Democrat and Republican presidents and lawmakers. In Britain, our security services already have three layers of outside supervision: two intelligence commissioners from the ranks of the judiciary, elected government ministers, as well as a parliamentary oversight committee. I do agree with Snowden that the NSA‘s ability to collate colossal amounts of ‗metadata‘ (details of mobile phones‘ locations and the numbers they called, for example) may deserve tougher public scrutiny.

The clashes in Kiev have resembled a war As is often the case with violent clashes with zone more than a protest, with members of the police, often the most affected are the the press donning flak jackets and helmets in innocent bystanders in the protests an attempt to stay safe in the violence But the documents stolen by Snowden and published by his supporters go far beyond this. With much fanfare, his supporters have complained that American and British spy agencies conduct operations against other countries — including spying on the private mobile phone of the German Chancellor, Angela Merkel. These revelations have sparked public outrage (though, significantly, not in Britain) and forced the politicians involved to attack the U.S. with much self-righteous huffing and puffing. This has done huge damage to the unity of the West. But the outrage is largely phoney.

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Foreign espionage is an inherently disreputable trade: it involves stealing secrets. The fact is, our enemies — notably Russia and China — are spying on us. Indeed, so, too, are our allies. France runs a mighty industrial espionage service for the benefit of its big companies.

Moscow's Sheremetyevo airport outside Edward Lucas says that the support of Moscow, Russia, where Snowden was Snowden has given power to the Kremlin, caught in legal limbo after fleeing the U.S and to Russia, in a crucial time when they are aiding the subjugation of the people of Ukraine Germany has an excellent signals intelligence agency, the Kommando Strategische Aufklärung. Germany‘s spooks were recently caught spying on their Nato ally Estonia — using an official who, in a truly sinister twist, was also spying for the Russians. Germany in particular has close relations with Russia, China and Iran. We have every reason to want to know how deep those ties go, and what compromises to our collective Western security politicians and officials in Berlin might be prepared to make as a result. Far from denigrating Anglo-American intelligence capabilities, we should applaud them. The brainboxes of GCHQ have no interest in snooping on ordinary Britons, whatever the self-important Snowdenistas may believe. They are trying to catch terrorists — whose ability to inflict carnage is growing, not diminishing — gangsters and foreign spies. Another astonishing aspect of the Snowden story was the faux shock over his revelation that Western democracies spy on repressive dictatorships. I have repeatedly asked Snowden‘s supporters to justify, for example, his leaking of details of how the West spies on China. Most sensible people would not be surprised that we are spying on the communist slavemasters of Beijing. They occupy Tibet, persecute religious believers, threaten our allies and steal our intellectual property. Similarly, what is Snowden‘s justification for exposing how Sweden and Norway spy — together with Britain — on Putin‘s Russia? The Kremlin threatens these Nordic countries‘ security — not least by sending warplanes to make dummy attacks on them. Russia is a country run by swaggering thugs. It makes every sense to co-operate in espionage against it.

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The NSA has been secretly collecting the phone call records of millions of Americans How can it possibly be in the public interest to reveal that the NSA intercepts emails, phone calls and radio transmissions of Taliban fighters in Pakistan, or that the agency is intensifying scrutiny of the security of that country‘s nuclear weapons? And how can it possibly be in the public interest (as Snowden‘s newspaper allies have done) to give away details of espionage capabilities which have taken years to build up, at the cost of billions of dollars? Last year, while researching another book, on cyber-security, I came across details of a Western intelligence operation involving the use of computer games in espionage. A spymaster begged me not to publish this. If any word leaked out, a delicate and highly successful technique would be jeopardised. Details of this exact operation — but far more specific than those I had obtained — were released a few weeks ago thanks to Snowden‘s treachery. Which is why I believe Snowden‘s media allies — The Guardian and the Washington Post — have shown colossal recklessness. The distinctive domes at the American spy base at RAF Menwith Hill, west of Harrogate, in North Yorkshire. The listening facility gives information to U.S security agencies including the NSA (National Security Agency)

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How can newspapers be entrusted with top-secret information? Even with the best will in the world, journalists lack the skills in encryption and security needed to protect it, let alone know what is dangerous and what isn‘t. This week, three High Court judges ruled that the police detention at Heathrow airport last year of David Miranda, who was carrying NSA files leaked by Edward Snowden, was legal. Miranda is the partner of Guardian writer Glenn Greenwald, a journalist at the centre of the Snowden leaks. Lord Justice Laws, passing judgment on the detention of Miranda, observed that in terms of the ‗dangers inherent in the release‘ of the material in his possession, ‗neither [Miranda] nor Mr Greenwald is in a position to form an accurate judgment on the matter‘. Already the identities of six American intelligence officers have been leaked accidentally by media outlets. The outlets, which included the New York Times, tried to black out the names — wisely, since revealing an intelligence officer‘s identity is a serious criminal offence in America. But they failed to do so properly, and within hours the details were circulating on the internet. The careers of those men and women are now over. Kim Philby, one the Cambridge five, a set of spies who defected and gave information to Russia during the Cold War

Worse is to come. Our spy agencies must now work on the assumption that sooner or later — and perhaps already — all the top-secret documents stolen by Snowden will fall into the hands of our enemies. This has consumed the energies of GCHQ and MI6 in a colossal damage-control exercise — the biggest in our intelligence history. We have to withdraw intelligence officers from postings where their identity may be exposed. We have to discontinue valuable operations for fear they may be compromised. Edward Snowden must have known this would happen — which is why it is hard to avoid the conclusion his aim was not whistle-blowing, but sabotage. The Snowdenistas have arrogantly tried to pursue their case through leaks and criticism of their opponents — reprehensible tactics which I have no hesitation in calling treason. Recently, the head of MI6, Sir John Sawers, said that Al Qaeda would be ‗lapping up‘ the leaks, while the boss of GCHQ declared that Snowden‘s actions and that of the newspapers who published the leaks had made the job of our intelligence agencies ‗far, far harder‘. To my mind, this is the most damaging breach of our security ever. It is worse than the damage caused by the Cambridge Five — Kim Philby, Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean and the other deluded upper-class Englishmen who threw in their lot with Stalin‘s Soviet Union. But the Snowdenistas seemed blithely oblivious to the idea that the West has all-toodangerous enemies and rivals. They are pathologically paranoid about the abilities and intentions of their own countries‘ spy agencies — and stunningly trusting about those of countries such as Russia.

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And they are incensed by any criticism of their actions. No sense of balance is to be allowed to contaminate their smug world view. To me, these people are ‗useful idiots‘ — the direct heirs of the soft-headed campaigners of the anti-nuclear ‗peace‘ movement in the Eighties, whose activities so gravely weakened Nato‘s defences against the evil empire of the Soviet Union. The sensationalist and misleading interpretation of the stolen documents has weakened America‘s relations with Europe and other allies; it has harmed security relationships between those allies, particularly in Europe. It has corroded public trust in Western security and intelligence services; it has undermined the West‘s standing in the eyes of the rest of the world; and it has — at a time of terrifying international fragility — paralysed our intelligence agencies. I don‘t believe the Snowdenistas are Russian agents. But I do believe their activities serve the Kremlin‘s goals. We — and the brave protesters in Ukraine who still wait for a united response from the divided West — are paying a terrible price for their foolishness. Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2565295/Putins-useful-idiots-EminentRussia-expert-says-liberals-support-Edward-Snowden-given-succour-Kremlin-seeks-crushUkrainian-protesters.html#ixzz2u5OrsiAr Follow us: @MailOnline on Twitter | DailyMail on Facebook

REGSPLEGING 

Crime: eToll (internet)

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These pictures went viral on the internet â&#x20AC;&#x201C; however date, time, place and value of damage unknown.

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Dr Johan Burger (Genl-Maj SAP / SAPD - Afgetree) 

Hoe nou, Blou? Hanlie Retief Johan Burger kon nie „shut up‟ vir Selebi nie, – nou werk hy van buite om verrotting in die SAPD om te keer. Op 9 Desember 1968 was Johan Burger die fiksste wat hy ooit in sy lewe was. Op die paradegrond met sy R1 in die hand, onder klanke van die volkslied en voor die minister van polisie, het die ingewikkeldste drilbeweging gewag: presenteer-geweer.

―En jy knip nie eens ‘n oog nie, vrekbang jy maak ‘n fout. Gefokus om nie vir jouself ‘n verleentheid te wees nie, nie vir jou instrukteur en senior polisiehoofde nie, en veral nie vir jou familie nie. My ma-hulle‘t spesiaal met die trein van die Kaap af gekom om daar te wees.‖ Jy kon nie eens flou val nie, lag hy droogweg, want dan donner die instrukteurs jou. ―En toe, ná die uitpasseringsparade was ek ‘n volwaardige konstabel in die SAP en ek wou bars van trots.‖ Hy bly ‘n lang oomblik stil. Jy hoor die horlosie teen die muur agter hom tik. ―Fast forward tot 2014. Waar‘s die trots wat ons op daai paradegrond ervaar het vandag?

Dr. Johan Burger, senior navorser aan die Instituut vir Sekerheidstudie (ISS), in sy kantoor.| Foto: Alet Pretorius

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―Dit breek my polìsieblou-hart, want vandag moet ek vir Zwelinzima Vavi sê: Broer, ek stem met jou saam, die polisie is verrót. ―Die polisie is ‘n bespotting van wat ons was.‖ Hy keer homself, voel amper skuldig, want skielik onthou hy die groep SAPD-lede wat hy laas week in Boksburg toegespreek het, die ywer wat hy wel nog hier en daar in oë onder polisiepette raaksien... en hy kry hulle intens jammer. ―Die handvol toegewydes is die ruggraat wat die polisie nog staande hou.‖ Dr. Johan Burger is die burgerlike oog op die polisie. As senior navorser aan die Instituut vir Sekerheidstudies (ISS) moniteer hy hulle daagliks. Dis hy, by wyse van spreke, wat die SAPD-koorspen vashou. Jackie Selebi is die rede hoekom Burger ná 36 diensjare op vervroegde pensioen gegaan het. Met sewe jaar oor in die polisie kon dié assistent-kommissaris (deesdae generaal-majoor) soos soveel ander senior lede eenvoudig nie verder nie. ―Die chaos, nou, met diensleweringsbetogings oral in die land kan ironies genoeg ook op Selebi se brood gesmeer word. Sy 2006-besluit om die eenheid vir openbare polisiëring te halveer, is hoekom ons nou té min polisiemanne het om die meer as 30 skarebeheersituasies per dag te hanteer.‖ ‘n Molotof-mengsel van bloeddorstige skares en skerppunt-ammunisie in die hande van onbevoegde polisiemanne, noem Burger dit. ―Die feit dat mense sterf in betogings, sê klaar daar‘s groot fout. ―Die skerppunt-ammunisie waarmee die onskuldige verbyganger laas Woensdag by Sebokeng geskiet is, behoort nooit deel van skarebeheer te wees nie. ―Die kort afstand waarop Andries Tatane in Ficksburg met ‘n rubberkoeël geskiet is, is strydig met streng voorskrifte. ―Die ontplooiing van taktiese eenhede saam met openbare-orde-eenhede by Marikana was ‘n resep vir moeilikheid. Taktiese eenhede word nie opgelei om te beheer nie, maar te skiet in hoë-risiko-situasies soos transitorowe.‖ Die polisie se huidige krisisse, sê Burger, is dikwels die gevolg van klein detail wat op grondvlak begin uitrafel. ―Doodgewone dissipline, byvoorbeeld. As jy in uniform is, só is ons destyds geleer, dra jy net jou knuppel en boeie. As my vrou my saamgesleep het winkel toe, het sy haar doodgedra aan die sakke, maar ek het nie ‘n vinger gelig nie, want ek was in uniform. Dis soos dit was, sy‘t dit geweet. Klaar.

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―Daai lugmagkolonel in haar pienk pantoffels het my verbyster. Dit het niks met ras of geslag te doen nie, al woord daarvoor is slapgat. Mense wat nie weet nie en nie omgee nie.‖ Dit begin heelbo, by die generaals, sê hy. ―Ons gawe polisiehoof, genl. (Riah) Phiyega, bewys my elke keer reg: Sy‘s totaal uit haar diepte. Sy probeer hard, maar sy‘t g‘n benul wat maal in die kop van ‘n polisieman wat snags ‘n eensame straat patrolleer nie, hoe daai mengsel van afwagting en vrees in ‘n jong konstabel se mond proe nie. ―Kan Phiyega haar indink hoe‘t die polisiemanne gevoel wat in Marikana in ‘n posisie geplaas is wat nooit moes gebeur het nie? ―Hoe kan jy opdragte uitreik en bevele gee as jy nie self die pad geloop het nie? So, Vavi, dis presies wat jy gesê het: Phiyega kan nooit wen nie, sy‘s ‘n werk gegee wat nie hare is nie. ―Ek kan my indink hoe sit sy daar aan die hoof van bestuursvergaderings, en daai polisiemanne gebruik polisietaal wat sy nie verstaan nie. Ek wonder of sy al die polisietaal geleer het vir iemand wat van buite af in ‘n senior pos gevalskerm word – ‘n plastic. ‗O, dis jý kommissaris.‘ ‖ Haar voorganger, Bheki Cele, het ‘n klomp inspirerende energie polisie toe gebring, sê Burger. ―Maar sy wilde uitsprake en omstrede huurkontrakte het hom ‘n verleentheid gemaak. Dis egter by Selebi waar die verrotting van die polisie begin het.‖ Burger het vyf jaar saam met Selebi gewerk. ―Dis die arrogantste mens wat ek in my lewe ontmoet het. Hy kon binne sekondes van ‘n glimlaggende grapmaker verander in ‘n siedende persoonlikheid. ―As stoere polisieman wou ek die dom ding doen om ‘n ding rég te doen. Selebi het een keer ‘n opmerking gemaak oor misdaadvoorkoming en almal knik toe gedienstig koppe. Ek het net na hom gestaar en toe kom hy soos ‘n ton bakstene op my af. Toe ek hom wil antwoord, skree hy: Shut up!‖ Burger raak sommer van voor af ontstig, hoor jy. ―Nie eens in die ou apartheidpolisie het die generaals polisiemanne so verneder nie.‖ Die shut up was genoeg vir Burger. Hy‘s weg. So ook talle ander ervare lede. ―En die wat gebly het, het in hul doppe gekruip, geïnhibeer deur Selebi se management by fear-bestuurstyl. En toe‘s hy nie net ‘n skande vir ons polisie nie, maar met sy Interpol-presidentskap ‘n internasionale skandaal.‖ Hy skep asem, vertel van die ―ondenkbaarheid‖ van ses generaals – Mdluli, Lazarus en Kie – wat tans geskors is, met baie ander generaals – soos Phiyega – wat ook tans ondersoek word. ―En hierdie ouens gaan aan asof daar niks fout is nie. Hoe kan 130

enigiemand nog sê daar‘s geen krisis in die polisie nie? Die beskaafde woord hiervoor is ‘n gemors.‖ In polisietaal? ‘n Ef-op. Maar Johan Burger is te beskaaf om dit op rekord te sê. Phiyega, skerts hy, het hom in 2012 gevra vir ‘n kopie van sy boek, Strategic Perspectives on Crime and Policing in South Africa, maar sedertdien het hul verhouding ―effentjies‖ afgekoel. Dié boek, gegrond op sy doktoraal, is nou ‘n handleiding by universiteite wat polisiegrade aanbied. Eintlik wou hy al lankal aftree, mor dié bleskop met die staatsdiens-snor. Maar dan keer al wat ‘n oudkollega is, want hy‘s ‘n stem wat gehoor moet word. Johan Burger het immers die pad geloop, van sy vaalkuif-dae agter die toonbank van Parowpoliesstasie, dwarsdeur 36 jaar se range. Én hy‘t die grade. Van B.Juris tot D.Tech. (Polisiekunde) en is buitengewone professor by Unisa. Dié Burgers se stamboom gaan nou verder met sy oudste, Tania, as adjudantoffisier by die Valke en sy skoonseun ‘n kaptein by Interpol. Die aftakeling van die polisie het al in George Fivas se tyd begin, sê hy. Fivas, soos genl. Johann van der Merwe, het die albatros van apartheid om sy nek gehad. ―Alles in die polisie, ook goeie dinge soos ons groot suksesse teen misdaad, is besmeer met ‘n Vlakplaas-kwas. Ek weet van senior polisiemanne wat vandag nog steeds soort van wegkruip. Ek self kon net by ‘n verkeerde eenheid of plek gewees het, dan was ek by die WVK. ―Maar kyk ek verby die SAP se politieke bagasie, onthou ek die ou bevelvoerders, die stoere polisiemanne by wie jy as junior soveel kon leer. ―Daar‘s nou ‘n groot leemte. Onervare ouens bevind hulle in situasies waar die seniors nét so min weet as hulle. Die roekelose toepassing van regstellende aksie het ervaring uitgedryf. Soos Phiyega het baie nuwe generaals met die spoed van lig deur die range gekom. ―Ek onthou so ‘n oulike man op my personeel. Hope potensiaal. Maar soos een van daai tipiese professionele aansoekers het hy elke dag die koerante gefynkam vir poste, en hulle meestal gekry. Binne ‘n oogwink was hy op mý rangvlak, maar sonder die ondervinding om hond haaraf te maak.‖ Oor Robert McBride se benoeming as nuwe hoof van die polisieondersoekdirektoraat (Opod), is hy beslis. ―Ek het vir hom klas gegee in sy vierde jaar as B.Tech-student. Hy‘t tweede gestaan in die klas. Hy‘s dalk ‗toepaslik gekwalifiseerd‘, maar is hy geskik vir die pos? Nee. ―Daar‘s twyfel oor sy integriteit en beginselvastheid. Hy‘t ongelukkig die vermoë om

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moeilikheid na hom toe aan te trek. Opod het nog altyd vertroue ingeboesem. Dit sal jammer wees as McBride dit in omstredenheid dompel.‖ Hy dink baie keer terug aan Mandela wat in 2007 gesê het Suid-Afrika kort ‘n ―RDP of the soul‖. ―Sewe jaar later, en ons geweldkultuur is soveel erger. Kyk maar na die seksuele misdrywe teen kinders, die afgebrande polisiestasies, die frustrasie oor dienslewering wat oorkook. Ons probleme is soveel wyer as net die polisie. ―Dit dryf my teen die dak uit dat ons eenogig kyk na ‘n koorsblaar op die lip – die polisiekrisis – maar die pasiënt se lyf is vol swere.‖ Deel van die antwoord, sê hy, is in hoofstuk 12. Hy lag vir my verbasing. ―Hoofstuk 12 van Trevor Manuel-hulle se Nasionale Ontwikkelingsplan. Uitstekende aanbevelings. Ek dink ons het ook ‘n regterlike kommissie nodig soos New York in die 80‘s – kyk waar‘s hulle nou.‖ En dis hoekom Johan Burger nie sy dae vol maak met stappies parkie toe met Bella-die-skaaphond nie. In sy kop beman hy steeds ‘n klagtekantoor, is hy steeds aan‘t presenteer-geweer. ―Jy vra hoekom? Ek probeer ‘n verskil maak, ek wil hê die polisie moet werk. Ek wil weer trots wees op die Blou. Dis hoekom.‖ [2014-02-08 23:23.] http://www.rapport.co.za/Rubrieke/HanlieRetief/Hoe-nou-Blou-20140208 SILENCE IN COURT / STILTE IN DIE HOF 

Adv Len Els : Uit Aquila Bundel 2 (in wording).

Waar polisiebeamptes van kriminele oortredings aangekla word, word die dossier na die Direkteur Openbare Vervolgings (voorheen bekend as die Prokureur Generaal) gestuur vir beslissing. Ek ontvang in die vroeë 90's so dossier waar 'n adjudantoffisier aangekla word van aanranding op 'n prisonier. Die adjudant was op sy dag die polisie se swaargewig boks kampioen en sy grysstof het met die jare 'n lelike knou weg. Sy waarskuwingsverklaring lees soos volg: "On the day of the alleged assault I was driving my Nissan Langly SSS-Turbo. I was in a happy mood. I was wearing an expensive imported three piece American suit and listening to Afro-American Top 10 on the radio. I was not looking for any trouble. I proceeded to the cells with the aim of getting a convicted prisoner to wash my car. I called a tall, strong prisoner politely and requested him to wash my car. But the prisoner (now the alleged complainant) looked at me, passed some terrible remarks and refused.

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I advanced towards him and started shadow boxing as a warm up. In a second the prisoner ran as fast as Mathews Temane to the station commander's office. I followed. When entering the office, I saw the prisoner hiding underneath the commander's desk. The commander did not offer me a chair to sit and discuss, but on the contrary ordered me to leave his office. I then jumped on top of his desk using the Olympic aerobics and started to demonstrate my black belt karate expertise. Both the commander and the prisoner ran out of the office. The commander furthermore insulted me by shouting: "Sy fxkkxn kop het weer uitgehak!" I did not assault anybody. I am a part-time priest and it is a shame for fellow officers to lie like this. If I assaulted the prisoner, he would have been admitted to the ICU in an ambulance." Op my aanbeveling is die bokser medies geraad en op pensioen geplaas weens 'dementia'... MILITARY HISTORY / MILITÊRE GESKIEDENIS 

WW2: 2 SA Division: via Johan Visagè

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These are South African soldiers at Sollum in North Africa, they are equipped with grenades and .303 Lee Enfield rifles with bayonets attached - they are seen here in the... process of clearing an enemy stronghold. These men are from the 2nd South African Infantry Division which entered the battle at Sollum on the 11th January 1942. The division went on to fight at Gazala between the 26 May 1942 and 21 June 1942, being was cut off on the 18 June and retreating into the Tobruk Fortress. At his time it also took under its command the 32 Army Tank Brigade, 201 Guards Infantry Brigade and 11 Indian Infantry Brigade. The division was captured with the fall of Tobruk on the 21 June 1942 and was not reformed. [6 SA Infantery Brigade: SAP Brigade was part of 2 SA Div]. ď&#x201A;ˇ Ditsong National Museum of Military History: Dave Fell Dave Fell is a retired Stockbroker who is doing research on behalf of the Ditsong National Museum of Military History, into the transformation of The SADF into The SANDF. This includes research into all the components of The SANDF: - The SADF itself, The TBVC Armies and the "non statutory forces", Umkhonto we Sizwe and APLA. As MK and APLA form a large part of this research, and it was the duty of The SAP and especially the SB of the SAP to counter them, he is appealing to former members who have knowledge of operations / incidents concerning them to contact him. General Johan v d Merwe has given him access to information and he is working closely with Brig Hennie Heymans in this regard. In order to further this research, he needs help from people who had first-hand experience of events from the SAP perspective.

Please call Hennie Heymans 0723361755 Email heymanshb@gmail.com 134

or Dave Fell 0824456170 Email kerrynf@mweb.co.za CIVIL AVIATION 

BA A380 over Robben Island – Leon (Div) de Villiers

 Glen Warden & Mark Mansfield BA A380 oor Seepunt met Robben Eiland in agtergrond. My kamerafoontjie het werklik hard probeer om die beste hiervan te maak. Net bokant die 380, met die nodige ooginspanning, kan mens so swart kolletjie opmerk. Dis 'n L39 met Glen Warden agter die stuurstokke en Mark Mansfield agter die kameralense, besig met 'n "Air 2 Air" fotosessie met die A380 as onderwerp.

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BOOKS / BOEKE 

Unmaking of the torturer: Elaine Bing LAPA | October 31, 2013 | Kobo Edition (eBook) Three policemen tell the horrifying stories of what they had done during the apartheid years how, where and whom they had tortured. They don‘t try to negate their part in the events and in fact have taken a great risk in telling their stories.

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External Mission: The ANC in Exile, 1960-1990: Stephen Ellis

Prof Stephen Ellis is professor of social sciences at the Free University, Amsterdam, and author of External Mission: The ANC in Exile, 1960-1990 (Jonathan Ball). He is a former Michael House graduate. Please let us know if you see this book on the shelves. New books from 30o South 

Bwana wa Polisi & One Beat of a Butterfly‟s Heart

Colonial Nyassaland & Bechuanaland

Tanganyika Police Notebook

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Other New Books from Pan Macmillan South Africa 

The Fall of the ANC

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Tutu: The Authorised Portrait

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Winnie Mandela's prison memoirs

ISBN: 9781770103146

Tutu: The Authorised Portrait See below by Allister Sparks and Mpho Tutu ISBN: 9781770103146

Mrs Winnie Madikizela-Mandela In 1969–1970 Mrs Winnie Madikizela-Mandela was detained and held in solitary confinement for a total of 491 days. When she was eventually charged, Mrs Madikizela-Mandela was allowed to see her lawyers to consult with them and to take notes. David Soggot, her lawyer, encouraged Mrs Madikizela-Mandela to write down her experiences in prison. So during the consultations she wrote the journal (and other info) and at the end of each consultation, gave what she had written to Soggot to take away with him. This journal eventually came to light more than 20 years later when David Soggot‘s widow was going through his personal effects and realised the significance – both personal and historical – of the journal she had found in her husband‘s study. 137

http://www.women24.com/BooksAndAstrology/BookClub/Book-extract-491-DaysPrisoner-Number-132369-20131122

 The Lone Ranger: Helen Suzman legacy, revisited Marianne Thamm

As the British ambassador to South Africa in the critical years 1989 to 1991, Sir Robert Renwick, shall we say, lubricated a number of political relationships. He has the privileged view of the connected insider, munching on an exiled Adelaide Tambo‟s home-baked currant cake in Highgate, introducing Nelson Mandela to Margaret Thatcher and hanging out with some of the world‟s most influential political players in a tumultuous epoch in South African history. Renwick has just written an engaging biography on the political life of his close friend and ally, Helen Suzman, who died five years ago this month. By MARIANNE THAMM. It is mildly ironic that on the day Sir Robin Renwick was due to launchHelen Suzman – Bright Star in a Dark Chamber, his short biography of the veteran opposition politician at the Mount Nelson Hotel in Cape Town, news trickled in that Parliament‘s portfolio committee on police had endorsed Robert McBride‘s nomination to head the Independent Police Investigative Directorate (IPID). It was Suzman and Renwick who had lobbied the former government to commute McBride‘s death sentence (for bombing the ―Why Not‖ Restaurant and Magoo‘s Bar in Durban in 1986) to life imprisonment. ―Although not out of any enthusiasm for the individual concerned,‖ Renwick candidly qualifies later in the highly readable biography. Loads of old friends were at the launch of the book, its title taken from Chief Albert Luthuli‘s description of Suzman as ―a bright star in a dark chamber‖ at ―the Nellie‖ on Wednesday night. The choice of venue for the Cape Town launch speaks to the calibre of the associations and influential friendships Renwick forged during his time as ambassador to

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South Africa between the critical years 1989 to 1991 when the Apartheid edifice began to crumble and Nelson Mandela was released. IFP leader, Mangosuthu Buthelezi, who once described Suzman as ―having the mind of a man‖, as well as newlyweds, DA leader Helen Zille and DA Presidential candidate, Mamphela Ramphele, were among the expected guests, as was veteran newsman, Allister Sparks, as well as Deputy President Kgalema Motlanthe. Renwick, who has the forthright air of a man accustomed to dealing with the world‘s powerful, is a great storyteller who casually makes his wide and deep circle of influential friends – many of them royalty or world leaders - seem like just a bunch of homies hanging together. His biography is a welcome addition to the continuing excavation and re-telling of the history of our most recent past. He explains that he has written the biography not only because Suzman was a great friend and ally whom he admired, but also because it has been five years since her death and he had been surprised to discover during a visit that no one was writing about her and her legacy. ―I told her family that I would gladly do it as I wanted to pay tribute to her. What I was trying to do was write something accessible about her that was not difficult to read. She had written a great memoir in 1991, In No Uncertain Terms, and while I had enjoyed getting into the depth and intricacies of the legislation, a lot of people found it hard to read.‖ Renwick was given access to Suzman‘s extensive archive at Wits, which he says, ―even for me who knew her very well, was an eye opener.‖ The sheer volume of Suzman‘s correspondence and responses was, he says, ―unbelievable‖ and that the archive is, in fact, a ―complete who‘s who of the liberation movement‖ that she was trying to help. ―Apart from her Parliamentary work, her meticulous research and her ability to argue devastatingly against every single one of the laws that the Apartheid state promulgated, she answered every letter she got. In no case did she refuse to respond. In the case of people who were in detention, she not only tried to get them out but also tried to get family visits, access to books, libraries and in the case of long-term prisoners, distance degrees,‖ said Renwick. Suzman accomplished all of this often without any administrative help. Renwick‘s biography briefly traces Suzman‘s personal history before launching headlong into her extraordinary career as an MP for Houghton from 1953 to 1989 where she used the forum, at first as a lone voice, to speak out against the continuing injustices of Apartheid. ―You know I asked Stanley Uys (veteran journalist who died in London aged 92 on 12 January this year) what he thought of the book and he told me that it was not just about Helen but also about the rise and fall of Apartheid.‖ And this is indeed the case. Renwick‘s biography, while short at only 148 pages, is packed with information and reinforces Suzman‘s extraordinary contribution towards the dismantling of Apartheid from within the belly of the beast itself. Apart from that it makes for an engaging and enlightening read, if only to re-visit the insanity of the minds that shaped the Apartheid ideology and state.

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Early in the biography Renwick describes Suzman‘s attendance at the funeral of murdered Black Consciousness Movement leader, Steve Biko, in King William‘s Town on 25 September 1977. Around 20,000 mourners, many of them angry, had gathered to play their respects to Biko along with 12 Western diplomats, including the American ambassador. Biko‘s brutal death in detention had marked a turning point in South African politics. Renwick writes: ―Helen Suzman attended the funeral with two of her Progressive Party colleagues, Alex Boraine and Zach de Beer. The field was sodden. As they tried to make their way toward the podium through the huge crowd, their passage was barred by a group of young men, one of whom told them in a very hostile manner ‗We don‘t want you whites here.‘ Helen said that they had come to pay their last respects to Steve Biko, but was told that she should go and talk to Vorster and Jimmy Kruger (the Minister of Justice, who infamously stated that Biko‘s death ‗left him cold‘). As the crowd hemmed them in, she became angry: ‗I‘m Helen Suzman,‘ she said, ‗and I‘ve come to pay my respects to Steve Biko.‘ ‗Who did you say you are?‘ was the response. ‗I‘m Helen Suzman.‘ ‗You prove that.‘ With difficulty, she managed to open her handbag and extract a credit card. At this stage she was told ‗Mrs Suzman, I beg your pardon. You may certainly go through.‘ The crowd parted, causing Zach de Beer to say ‗Now I have seen everything.‘‖ Renwick writes that as Suzman reached the podium it collapsed. His description of Suzman‘s arrival at the funeral is, in retrospect, ripe with symbolism and metaphor. The angry crowd turning away white people, the bossy white woman fearlessly admonishing those who would dare to challenge her presence and then her final admittance to the scared space after brandishing a credit card, of all things. The collapsed platform is perhaps a symbol for the tiny but vocal minority who supported liberal politics. The vast majority of white South Africans did not, opting instead to vote for the Nationalists. Renwick‘s book attempts to explore the contested notion of liberalism in South Africa as well as unpack criticism. Professor David Welsh, Emeritus Professor of Southern African Studies at the University of Cape Town, in his tribute to Suzman in the 2006 collection, Opposing Voices, Liberalism and Opposition in South Africa Today, describes Suzman as ―having a natural instinct for social justice. In the South African context she is a liberal, a broad category that covers all non-communists who opposed racial discrimination. In a more universal context, she can be classified as a social democrat.‖ But Renwick prefers to describe Suzman as a hardcore liberal. ―She believed in the freedom of the press, an independent judiciary decency, all values contained in your constitution today. And these are values that Nelson Mandela subscribed to as well.‖ It was Nadine Gordimer who noted that over the years many on the left had denigrated Helen Suzman as epitomisng the liberal stand they rejected. Later Gordimer wrote: ―But over the years I have observed – that when people are in trouble, she has been the one they have appealed to. She is the one everyone trusted. To her house, where in this country of frightened people behind bolts and bars, her only security is a couple of lap dogs, people would turn up, sometimes late at night, in desperation when someone needed a passport and had been refused again, when someone was on the run or someone was detained in a place police would not reveal…Suzman never refused anyone her help, that I knew of. No matter how unpleasant or hostile the individual‘s attitude to her and her political convictions had been. I don‘t know exactly how to define this response.‖

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Helen Suzman has earned her place in South African history and her life and single-minded dedication to her ideals serve as an inspiration regardless of your political or ideological beliefs. Suzman, in the words of Theodore Rooseveldt, did what she could, where she was, with what she had. Renwick‘s biography is a suitable tribute to an inspiring, formidable and fearless politician. DM “Helen Suzman – Bright Star in a Dark Chamber” is published by Jonathan Ball Publishers. MARIANNE THAMM http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2014-01-30-the-lone-ranger-helen-suzman-legacyrevisited/#.Uu6FcKvzuHA

 Justice – A Personal Account Regter vir geregtigheid 2014-02-08 23:22 Hannelie Booyens In sy nuwe boek* skryf Edwin Cameron, regter in die grondwetlike hof, openhartig oor sy rou kinderdae, sy stryd teen vigs en optimisme oor ons land. Hannelie Booyens het ‟n merkwaardige man ontmoet. Op die stoep waar ons aandete eet, val die laatmiddagson op die reënboogplakker teen die glasdeur na die sitkamer. Ek het Edwin Cameron nog nooit voorheen ontmoet nie, maar ek ken die buurt waar dié bekende regsman al sedert 1986 woon. Dis om die draai, in Brixton, Johannesburg waar ons op ‘n grou Saterdag, tien jaar gelede, die nuus gekry het dat my broer Tjaart die oggend dood is weens vigs. Ek het nie Edwin se boek Witness to Aids gelees toe dit in 2005 gepubliseer is nie; dit was te pynlik. Tjaart is dood voor die regering deur die grondwetlike hof gedwing is om ‘n nasionale antiretrovirale behandelingsplan in te stel. Oor sy vreeslose kritiek teen oudpres. Thabo Mbeki se onverstaanbare vigs-beleid sal Edwin altyd vir my ‘n heldefiguur bly. Ook omdat hy nie net openlik gay is nie, maar eerlik is oor sy eie worsteling met die MI-virus. Met die lees van sy nuwe boek, Justice – A Personal Account, het ek opnuut bewondering gekry vir die man wie se persoonlike ervarings van lyding en verlies so nou verweef is met die pad van reg en geregtigheid wat hy die afgelope vier dekades as menseregte-aktivis en regter help oopbaklei het. My broer Chris en sy seun, Matthias, huur die afgelope paar maande die onderste gedeelte van Edwin se ruim dubbelverdiepinghuis met sy uitsig oor die pers jakarandas van die noordelike voorstede. Chris stuur my voor ete met ‘n skêr tuin toe om te gaan rose pluk vir die tafel. Edwin en sy inwonende butler, Pachalo Mtawali, neem langs mekaar plek in. Die regter tel Chris se swart kat versigtig op sy skoot en verklaar hom ―baie mooier‖ as sy eie. Hy is pynlik bedagsaam en sy fier houding dwing gesag af. Mense wat al saam met hom gewerk het, sê hy kan hardkoppig wees, maar hy kry sy sin

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deur aansienlike sjarme en goeie menseverhoudings. Wanneer die gesprek te lank oor grootmenssake handel, doen Edwin moeite om die 14-jarige Matthias te betrek met geselsies oor rugby. Chris maak verskoning vir die ―vervelige‖ ete van hoender, aartappels en wortels. Nee, sulke boerekos is Edwin se gunsteling, stel Pachalo hom gerus. ―Edwin is an easy customer.‖ Pachalo is onlangs as Edwin se regterhand aangestel nadat sy huishulp van dertig jaar afgetree het. Weeksaande sorg Pachalo vir aandete en sien ook om na die tuin. ―Ek kom laat van die werk af, ná besondere lang ure. As ‘n enkellopende het dit vir my al moeiliker geword om self by alles uit te kom,‖ verduidelik Edwin later oor ‘n koppie koffie in sy dakwoonstel. Spartaans is ‘n goeie woord om sy leefruimte te beskryf. Dit verklap min van sy werk of persoonlike lewe. Dit kon net so wel ‘n deftige gastehuis in Melville gewees het met neutrale, stylvolle versierings in aardse kleure. Edwin se tientalle toekennings, sertifikate en pryse word iewers in ‘n donker dakkamer gehou. Hy waak jaloers oor sy privaatheid, maar dis nie vir hom steurend om in die openbaar herken te word nie. ―Dit gebeur nogal selde dat ek uitgaan en mense nie kom vra: ‗Is jy Edwin Cameron?‘ nie. Dishumbling. Dis óf mense wat my bedank vir my gay advocacy óf oor my standpuntinname oor vigs óf mense wat met my oor die wet of die grondwet wil praat.‖ Edwin praat rustig en afgemete met sy skoene uit en sy voete op die koffietafel. Sy huistaal is Engels, maar sy Afrikaans is foutloos. Van sy dakstoep kan jy amper tot by die Hartbeespoortdam se heuwels sien, beduie Edwin na die horison. Van hier is daar ‘n pastorale kalmte in die boomryke tuin met hoenders, honde, katte, twee skilpaaie en ‘n groot groentebedding. Hy maak verskoning dat sy oë traan, hy‘s eintlik allergies vir katte. Hy sit sy kat versigtig neer op die leerbank. Selfs wanneer hy praat oor sy afsku oor ‘n familielid wat die k-woord gebruik het, weeg hy sy woorde versigtig. Ook sy stram verhouding met sy oom, die skrywer Karel Schoeman, beskryf hy met omsigtigheid. Hy sê dit nie, maar jy lei af hy het nie ooghare vir Schoeman, bekend vir sy knorrigheid, nie. Tog is hy familievas. Hy praat dikwels en met groot deernis van ―my sussie Jeanie‖, en haar dogter, Marlise, wat tot onlangs hier gewoon het. Edwin weet dat hy homself blootstel om soveel van sy persoonlike lewe in sy boek te onthul, maar hy voel sterk oor die beginsel dat regterlike onpartydigheid nie neerkom op neutraliteit nie. ―You get impartiality but never complete neutrality. Jy kom in die werk in met jou geskiedenis, met jou verweefdhede, jou issues. Dis beter dat regters dit erken en verantwoordelikheid aanvaar. As jy my boek lees, sal jy gou besef ek kom uit ‘n armblanke huisgesin, ‘n gebroke huis. Jy sal sien ek stel belang in die welvaart van kinders – ek is by baie kinderhuise betrokke. Ek het my lewe te danke aan medikasie, so ek stel belang in toegang tot medikasie vir almal. Ek is ‘n gay man, so ek stel belang in diskriminasie en genderkwessies.‖

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As regter in die grondwetlike hof doen hy moeite om te wys hoe bepalend die grondwet is as rigsnoer vir sosiale geregtigheid. Van die eerste bladsy van Justice – A Personal Account ruk die werklikheid van Edwin se traumatiese jeug jou. Soos die beskrywing van hoe hy as agtjarige by die begrafnis van sy ouer suster, Laura, wat dood is toe sy op ‘n fiets deur ‘n motor getref is, die eerste keer bewus geword het van geregsdienaars. Sy pa, wat in die tronk was vir diefstal, kon die begrafnis bywoon, maar is begelei deur twee tronkbewaarders in uniform. Sy pa se alkoholisme en werkloosheid het veroorsaak dat die Cameron-kinders se lewens van vroeg af ontwrig is. Op ses is Edwin en sy susters na ‘n kinderhuis op Queenstown gestuur, waar hulle vir vyf jaar gewoon het – ‘n ―troostelose, droewe tyd‖ in sy lewe. Edwin maak dit duidelik dat sy uiteindelike sukses te danke is aan die welwillendheid van mense wat hulle ontferm het oor ‘n armoedige gesin. As jy lees hoe ‘n reuse-verskil die R10 gemaak het wat ‘n wildvreemde vrou vir die tienjarige Edwin, sy ma en suster gegee het, kan jy nie anders as om sy aangrypende betoog vir staatswelsyn ter harte te neem nie. Was dit nie vir weldoeners wat Edwin in staat gestel het om aan Pretoria Boys‘ High skool te gaan nie, sou sy lewe aansienlik anders verloop het. Sy prestasies is te danke aan vreemdelinge – uitblinkerstudent op Stellenbosch, Rhodes-beurshouer by Oxford, regter in die hooggeregshof en appèlhof, en nou as gerespekteerde regter in die grondwetlike hof. ―Ek dink die belangrikste toets vir die grondwet is nie net die vryheid van spraak en individuele vryheid nie, maar in hoe ‘n mate die grondwet help dat ons ‘n meer gelyke samelewing word.‖ Edwin erken dat daar ‘n tikkie ydelheid is in sy behoefte om te skryf. Dit was vir hom skokkend om met sy eie sterflikheid gekonfronteer te word toe hy in 1997 by die dood omgedraai het weens vigs – hy kon nie meer die paar trappe klim van die regters se teekamer tot by sy kantoor nie. Hy was brandmaer en oortrek van swamme. ―Daardie ervaring het my begeerte om dinge te boekstaaf, versterk. Jy wil ‘n perspektief en ‘n geskiedenis vertel wanneer jy die dood aan jou lyf voel.‖ In sy boek is Edwin onthutsend eerlik oor hoe sy aanvanklike worsteling met sy seksualiteit later inspirasie geword het om hom te beywer vir gay-regte. Jy lei ook af dankbaarheid is ‘n groot dryfveer in sy lewe – nie net uit sy betrokkenheid by welsynorganisasies en kinderhuise nie, maar ook die feit dat hy peetpa is vir 15 kinders. Mis hy dit nie om self ‘n kind te hê nie? Hy antwoord reguit: ―Baie mense wou al saam met my ‘n kind verwek en in die afgelope paar jaar het ek probeer met iemand wat ‘n kind wou hê. Dit het toe nie gewerk nie.‖ Hy het wel gemengde gevoelens oor vaderskap. ―Ek was op ‘n manier verlig, want ek dink ouerskap is ‘n baie gewigtige en swaar ding. Maar ek was tog ook hartseer.‖ ‘n Realistiese oorweging was ook of hy tyd sou hê om betrokke te wees by ‘n kind se lewe. ―Toe ek by die grondwetlike hof begin werk het aan die einde van 2008 het die hof die vorige jaar 19 uitsprake gelewer. Die afgelope jaar het ons 50 uitsprake gelewer. In vyf jaar het die werklading met 250% toegeneem.‖ Dat dié werkesel al byna dertig jaar met die MI-virus saamleef, is moeilik om te glo. Edwin

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erken hy is waarskynlik die beste advertensie vir die sukses van antiretrovirale middels. Maar sy geroetineerde en gedissiplineerde leefstyl speel beslis ook ‘n rol in sy goeie gesondheid. Hy ry twee keer per week fiets en neem deel aan groot fietswedrenne soos die Argus. ―Dis iets wat my heeltemal wegneem van werk, van spanning en konflik en probleme.‖ Sondagaande word opsy gesit vir flieks kyk en kuier saam met goeie vriende. Selfs wanneer hulle kaart speel, word dit metodies en korrek gedoen – om ‘n brugtafel en met iemand wat deeglik punte byhou. Edwin lag oor sy ―puntenerigheid‖. Wanneer hy oor vier jaar 65 word, kan hy uittree as grondwetlike regter. Maar miskien sal hy nog ‘n jaar aanbly, want dan sal dit die 25ste herdenking van sy aanstelling as regter wees. Ná sy aftrede wil hy nog skryf en betrokke bly by organisasies wat hulle beywer vir gay-regte en vigskwessies. ―Om nader aan my familie te wees sal ek miskien Kaap toe trek, verkieslik ‘n woonstel in Seepunt omdat dit daar, nes in Brixton, ‘n kosmopolitiese mengelmoes van swart en wit, oud en jonk, ryk en arm is.‖ Dat hy moontlik sy oudag alleen gaan aanpak, is nie vir hom ‘n vreesaanjaende gedagte nie: ―Ek is ‘n loner en het nog amper altyd van intimiteit weggedeins. Dit pas my goed om nie op die oomblik ‘n verhouding te hê nie – en my werk is altyd ‘n goeie verskoning! Ek het wonderlike vriende.‖ En hy wil nie weer jonk wees nie. ―Dis te moeilik. Ek was deurmekaar op 20, op 30 nog in die kas en tussen 40 en 50 het ek te veel werkstruweling gehad. Nou het ek vrede.‖ Voor seweuur die volgende oggend vertrek hy na sy kantoor by die grondwethof. As hy fietsry werk toe vat dit ‘n bietjie meer as twintig minute. Daar is een ding wat hom wel hartseer stem, sê hy agter die lessenaar in sy sonnige hoekkantoor, waar hy spook om ‘n uitspraak klaar geskryf te kry. Dis vir hom bitter moeilik om te aanvaar hy‘s steeds die enigste openbare gesagsdraer wat openlik is oor sy MIVstatus. Hy was oortuig nog prominente regeringsamptenare sou sy bekentenis nadoen. ―Jy weet, daar is kabinetsministers wat sedertdien aan longontsteking oorlede is. Ek bedoel, niemand sterf van longontsteking as daar nie ander komplikasies is nie, maar dit word nooit genoem nie. Elf persent van ons land se mense het MIV, dis byna 5,6 miljoen mense; 2,5 miljoen op ARV‘s. ―Ek verkwalik nie mense wat oor hulle siekte swyg nie – natuurlik het hulle ‘n reg op privaatheid – maar dit bly baie hartseer.‖ Die sertifikaat wat oudpres. Thabo Mbeki geteken het toe Edwin in 1999 as appèlhofregter aangestel is, het ‘n belangrike plek in sy kantoor. Dit verteenwoordig kennelik vir hom die oorwinnig van die regstelsel oor stiksienigheid en stigma. ‘n Teddiebeer wat sy susterskind vir hom gegee het, sit op sy lessenaar. Ons gesels oor skrywers en boeke. Hy beveel aan dat JP Landman se boek The Long View saam met syne gelees word.

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―Dis amper ‘n tweeling vir my boek, maar vanuit ‘n ekonomies-strategiese hoek. JP sê ook: Look, we‘re in trouble, but it is not so bad and we have a lot going for us. Dis nie blindweg optimisties nie, maar ons gevolgtrekkings is dieselfde: Ons het baie om voor dankbaar te wees en baie om voor te baklei in hierdie land.‖ Buite die grondwetlike hof met sy indrukwekkende kunswerke staan ek ‘n oomblik stil voor die Vlam van Demokrasie, wat opgerig is om die grondwet te gedenk. Die woord ―ootmoed‖ kom by my op. Dit beskryf iets van die ontsag en nederige waardering wat ‘n morele reus, soos dié man, by jou opwek.

Edwin as ‘n tjokkertjie van 8 met sussie Jean Jean, Laura en Edwin by die St Stithians(11) in 1961 skool in Randburg, waar vriende die skoolopsigters was. Die foto is geneem die week voor Laura verongeluk het. *Justice – A Personal Account, Tafelberg, R220 http://www.rapport.co.za/MyTyd/Nuus/Regter-vir-geregtigheid-20140207

 Ex Libris: Ben Conradie (via Div de Villiers)

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Ex Libris: The Art of Bookplates

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What shall/ would a policeman‘s Ex Libris look like?

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Hoe sou / sal ‗n polisieman se ―Ex Libris‖-kaartjie lyk?

MILITARIA / MEDALJES, UNIFORMS ETC/ ENS -

INTERNATIONAL FORCES / INTERNASIONALE MAGTE 

Can you spot the sniper?

Photographer's amazing images of elite troops' camouflage techniques (Hint: They look a lot like a rock) By DAILY MAIL REPORTER PUBLISHED: 03:39 GMT, 18 February 2014 | UPDATED: 12:12 GMT, 18 February 2014 A successful sniper has to be good at two things: shooting a rifle and blending in with their surroundings, as to not be seen by the intended target. As German artist Simon Menner recently found out, military snipers are incredibly skilled at the latter - often blending into their surroundings so well that they can't be seen even if you know where to look. Menner recently was granted permission to photograph German Army snipers as they blended into several landscapes. What he captured on film was the incredible way in which these snipers can make themselves nearly invisible to the naked eye - even in broad daylight. In many cases, spotting the sniper is nearly impossible - all you can see is the business end of their sniper rifles jutting out of what appears to be a rock, or a bush, as the rest of their bodies and equipment are completely camouflaged. And chances are that if you're close enough to notice them, it's already too late - trained snipers are capable of accurately shooting targets that are more than a mile away.

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In a series of photos taken by Menner, a sniper is hiding somewhere in the landscape. In another set of the same photos, the snipers' location is circled in red - which doesn't do much to help recognize these war-time chameleons. See if you can spot the sniper in the series of photos below.

Hint: There is a small, tan mound right next to the first of two trees on the right.

Can you see him now? Behind that clump of foliage is a well-trained killer.

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Hint: There is a small mound to the left of the trees.

Can you see him now? If you get this close to a sniper, chances are you've already been in his cross-hairs for 15 minutes.

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Hint: He is somewhere in that cluster of pine trees in the center of the photo.

Can you see him now? Quietly waiting on this hillside is a sniper and his rifle - a very deadly combination.

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Hint: He is behind a rock in the foreground of the photo and he's pointing his rifle directly at you.

Can you see him now? Not only is this sniper practically invisible, but he has a boulder protecting him in case his target spots him first.

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Hint: He's in a tree and you probably can't see him.

Can you see him now: A sniper doesn't even need to have his feet on the ground to be a deadly killing machine

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Hint: He's somewhere in the small clearing on the right side of the photo

Can you see him now? What looks like grass and a tree trunk is actually a well-trained sniper

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Hint: He's in the clump of foliage in the center of the photo

Can you see him now? Somewhere in that pile of foliage is a man with a gun

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Hint: he's below the branches that are jutting out into the center of the photo

Can you see him now? A good sniper doesn't need much to blend into his surroundings

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Hint: he's in the bottom-left section of the photo hiding amongst the rocks

Can you see him now? Just looks like a regular pile of rocks - armed with a sniper rifle

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Hint: he's near the curved tree trunk in the center of the photo

Can you see him now? Probably not...

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Hint: He's in the brush, just to the right of the trees to the left

Can you see him now? Because he can see you

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Hint: He's in the foreground almost in the center of the photo

Can you see him now? The dark spot on the field looks like all the other dark spots - except this one is armed

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Hint: He's to the right of the tree in the foreground of the photo

Can you see him now? Then it's time to turn around and start running

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Hint: He's the one that looks like the rest of the rocks, but also has a human face

Can you see him now? OK, that one was a gimme

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Hint: He's to the right of the tree-covered rocks on the left of the photo

Can you see him now? He's that tiny speck of darkness next to that crag Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2561773/Spot-snipers-artists-amazingcollection-photos-hidden-gunmen-blending-various-landscapes.html#ixzz2tgzfcMkz Follow us: @MailOnline on Twitter | DailyMail on Facebook

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Camouflage – via Paul Els (SADF)

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Cape Town Harbour: Visiting Fleet: Leon (Div) de Villiers (SAP – SGU) 

Bergamini Class frigate

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SAPS Water Wing

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 The Cavour Type Aircraft carrier The Cavour. Type: Aircraft carrier Displacement: 27,100 tonnes; 30,000 tonnes (full-load)[1][2] Length: 244 m Beam: 39 m Draught: 8.7 m Propulsion: 4 × General Electric/Avio LM2500+ gas turbines providing 88.000 hp 6 × Diesel generators (13.200 KW) Speed: 28+ knots Range: 7,000 nautical miles (13,000 km) at 16 knots (30 km/h) Complement: 451 Crew 203 Fleet Air Arm 140 C4 staff 325 Marines (standard) Armament: 4 × 8 cell A-43 Sylver launchers carrying the MBDA Aster 15 surface to Air missile 2 × Oto Melara 76/62 mm Super Rapido gun 3 × Oerlikon Contraves 25/80 mm AA gun Aircraft carried 20 [3] 8 x AV-8B Harrier IIs (combat jet) 12 x AgustaWestland EH-101A AEW and other helicopters.

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Supply ship Etna

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The view from the top

"If you are in Cape Town when the Southeaster blows (usually in the summer of the southern hemisphere), you will see a layer of cloud just covering the top of Table Mountain.

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This is the "tablecloth". In the eighteenth century, a Dutch pirate called Van Hunks retired to Cape Town, thinking that his successful life of villainy had left him safe and comfortably rich. He took to climbing what is now called Devil's Peak, to relax at Breakfast Rock and enjoy the view. His pleasure was increased by his pipe smoking, and, like Blackbeard, he was inordinately proud of the quantity of smoke that he could inhale without getting sick. One day, a cloaked stranger appeared, and challenged him to a smoking duel. Van Hunks may have won, but no unrepentant sinner really beats the Devil. When Van Hunks realised who the stranger was, both of them vanished in a puff of smoke. Every year, Van Hunks is forced to repeat his duel, and the quantity of smoke produced becomes the "tablecloth"." - Devils and Giants of Table Mountain

British Police & Miners‟ Strike 

Say sorry for Maggie's role in the miners' strike, Labour tell the Tories

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2547774/Say-sorry-Maggies-role-miners-strikeLabour-tell-Tories-Opposition-claims-late-PMs-government-deliberately-tried-escalatedebate.html -

Shadow minister, Michael Dugher to raise issue in the Commons Call for ministers to set out 'all details' of interactions between the Government and police at the time - Mr Dugher will suggest an investigation into the 1984 Battle of Orgreave - 10,000 miners clashed with 5,000 police officers in the ugliest confrontation of the strike at the Orgreave coking plant near Sheffield - Thatcher's Secretary of State for Trade and Industry brands move absurd - Lord Tebbit says police used to protect miners who wanted to go to work By James Chapman, Daily Mail Political Editor; Published: 00:24 GMT, 29 January 2014 | Updated: 09:30 GMT, 29 January 2014 Labour will launch a bizarre campaign today to make David Cameron issue a formal public apology for Margaret Thatcher‘s handling of the miners‘ strike in the 1980s. The Opposition will insist that the Government should say sorry for the actions of the late prime minister‘s administration, claiming it deliberately sought to escalate the dispute. Shadow Cabinet Office minister, Michael Dugher will raise the issue in the Commons, challenging ministers to set out ‗all details of the interactions between the Government and the police at the time‘.

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+7 Campaign: Labour want to make David Cameron issue a formal public apology for Margaret Thatcher's handling of the miners' strike in the 1980s, and an investigation into what became known as the Battle of Orgreave (pictured) He will also suggest that there should be a ‗proper investigation‘ into the ugliest confrontation of the strike in 1984, when 10,000 striking miners clashed with 5,000 police officers in what became known as the Battle of Orgreave. Lord Tebbit, who was Baroness Thatcher‘s trade and industry secretary during the strike, dismissed Labour‘s ‗justice for the coalfields‘ campaign as absurd. ‗Next they‘ll want an apology for freeing the Falklands,‘ the Conservative peer said. ‗I presume Ed Miliband is doing this in order to get some more money from Unite [the union]. ‗My recollection is that the police were principally used to protect miners who wanted to go to work and who had not been granted a ballot, but were being prevented from doing so by [National Union of Mineworkers leader] Arthur Scargill‘s hate mob.

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Confrontation: Police grapple with those on the picket line at Orgreave

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‗Neither Labour nor Scargill has ever apologised for that.‘ Lord Tebbit added: ‗I trust the Government will merely laugh at this ridiculous campaign.‘ It is likely to cause unease among the dwindling band of Blairite Labour MPs, who will fear that the party risks alienating Middle England by appearing to back Mr Scargill in a 30-year-old argument. The move comes after the release of Cabinet papers earlier this month showing that Lady Thatcher came within days of declaring a state of emergency and calling out the military four months into the miners‘ strike.

Scathing: Lord Tebbit, who was Baroness Thatcher¿s trade and industry secretary during the strike, dismissed Labour's 'justice for the coalfields' campaign as absurd

+7 Dismissal: Lord Tebbit, pictured with Margaret Thatcher in 1985, said he presumed Labour was campaigning for an apology to get money from union Unite

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Ministers secretly discussed recalling Parliament in the summer of 1984 to pass emergency legislation, according to documents released to the National Archives. The files show that plans were drawn up for soldiers to transport food and coal, but the idea was dismissed on the grounds that it would cause panic. Labour says the papers also suggest that the Thatcher government had a secret plan to close 75 pits at the cost of 65,000 jobs and that it sought to influence police tactics to escalate the dispute. Industrial action was triggered in March 1984 by plans to close 20 loss-making pits. Mr Scargill went into battle with the Tories and a year-long war of attrition ensued.

+7 Dispute: Labour says the papers also suggest that the Thatcher government had a secret plan to close 75 pits at the cost of 65,000 jobs

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+7 Strikes: Industrial action was triggered in March 1984 by plans to close 20 lossmaking pits. National Union of Mineworkers leader Arthur Scargill went into battle with the Tories and a year-long war of attrition ensued Mr Dugher, MP for the former pit town of Barnsley, where Mr Scargill was born, said: ‗For those of us who lived through the strike and who saw the events and impact they had first hand, what was revealed in the Cabinet papers may not come as a surprise. ‗But it is no less shocking to consider that, far from being neutral, as was claimed at the time, it is clear that the Government took a deliberately calculated political approach guided by a complete hostility to the coalfield communities. ‗That is why I am calling for justice for the coalfields.‘ He added: ‗Ministers may want to sweep these events under the carpet, but the scars of the dispute and the subsequent closure programme remain on the memories, communities and landscapes of all coalfield communities.‗They must now apologise and deliver transparency to begin to foster reconciliation with the coalfield communities.‘ Share or comment on this article Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2547774/Say-sorry-Maggies-roleminers-strike-Labour-tell-Tories-Opposition-claims-late-PMs-government-deliberately-triedescalate-debate.html#ixzz2rnZmxkD1 Follow us: @MailOnline on Twitter | DailyMail on Facebook

MI5 Ex-secret agent infuriates colleagues by putting special MI5 edition of Breitling watch for sale on eBay  Former spy has put up special edition MI5 centenary Breitling on eBay  Lost his job three years ago and is now selling watch to make ends meet By Daily Mail Reporter

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Published: 19:56 GMT, 2 February 2014 | Updated: 08:50 GMT, 3 February 2014 A former MI5 agent has infuriated colleagues after trying to sell a watch made exclusively for staff at the agency on auction website eBay. The agency commissioned Breitling to make 900 special editions of its Superocean Steelfish to mark its centenary in 2009. The models were offered to all 4,000 MI5 staff at a cost of £1,000 a piece. Unlike the ingenious watches of the James Bond films they have no secret features. However, they are distinguishable because they carry the agency's motto 'defend the realm'. The man worked as a surveillance officer for MI5 for 18 years before he was fired following a disagreement with his superiors.

+2 Up for grabs: The £1,000 specially commissioned centenary Breitling Superocean Steelfish watch was put on eBay by the former MI5 employee The watch is a Breitling Superocean Steelfish, commissioned specially for MI5‘s centenary celebrations, available only to employees of the domestic intelligence agency.Only a few hundred were made, but the unnamed former agent is now forced to part with the timepiece for finance his education, The Daily Mirror revealed. The unnamed former surveillance officer told the paper he was sad to sell the watch, but that he had no choice. 'I need the money to pay for my studies and even though the Security Service will be annoyed that I am selling it I have decided to go out and see what bids I get,' he told The Daily Mirror. 'So far I have had good offers and considerable interest on eBay and I must admit, I will be very sorry to be losing the watch as I have little to remind me of my time with the service.'

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+2 The unnamed man worked for MI5 (pictured is UK Security Services HQ in London's Millbank) for 18 years before he lost his job and is now forced to sell the watch to pay for his studies. Despite the auction supposedly ending at 7.45GMT on Sunday, the ad had been removed from eBay on Sunday afternoon. According to the Mirror, the post called the auction 'a unique opportunity to purchase a bit of national history,' promising that the watch would come with authenticity papers as well as a certificate with a chronological history of MI5. Before it was taken down, bids had reached ÂŁ3,500. 'All members of the Security Service have to sign the Official Secrets Act and as such are required not to reveal for whom they work - or have worked - once they leave,' a security source told the paper. 'It would probably be better if this watch was not on general release, although nobody would officially confirm its authenticity.' Share or comment on this article Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2550527/Ex-MI5-agent-infuriatescolleagues-putting-special-edition-Breitling-watch-eBay.html#ixzz2sHaDMLst Follow us: @MailOnline on Twitter | DailyMail on Facebook

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NICE TO KNOW News: Government Employees Pension Fund 

GEPF payment dates for 2014: Lt-Col G Serfontein

GEPF pays monthly pensions on two different days to different pensioner groups: 

Pensioners who retired on or before 31 December 2002 are paid on the first day of the month (monthly in advance).



Pensioners who retired after 31 December 2002 are paid on the last day of the month (monthly in arrears).

All pensioners (regardless of when they are paid) need to be aware of the dates on which their pension will be paid during 2014. To this end, GEPF has created a calendar of payment dates up to December 2014 (although it is important to note that these dates can change): Monthly in advance date Monthly in arrears date 30 December 2013

30 December 2013

31 January 2014

28 February 2014

1 April 2014

31 March 2013

30 April 2014

30 May 2014

1 July 2014

30 June 2014

1 August 2014

31 July 2014

1 September 2014

29 August 2014

1 October 2014

30 September 2014

31 October 2014

1 December 2014

28 November 2014

If you have any questions about these dates and/or the monthly payment of pensions, please do not hesitate to contact GEPF‘s Call Centre on 0800 117 669 or visit your nearest

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Regional Office. Sourced from: http://www.gepf.gov.za/index.php/news/article/gepf-payment-dates-for-2014

Violin Spiders in Kettle : Robbie Green 

Spider & Scorpion First Aid / Email Hoaxes and Misinformation / Violin Spiders in Kettle There is an email that appeared in 2013 regarding Violin Spiders creeping into a kettle and killing an entire family. The email contains the following photos and text:

If you slept with water in the kettle don‟t use it the next day. Please, ensure u re-rinse your kettle before using it in the morning. A family of 6 was found dead and a research was made that a deadly spider was found inside the kettle of which they drank tea from. Please, help and broadcast to all your contacts. This is serious guys, life can be taken by something so small. Warn as many people as you can. Due to the good rain and hot climate the Violin Spider is moving into houses. Please take note of this spider – it is very dangerous. Please warn kids & send to every one you know to alert them as well! This spider is breading at a rate of speed and is found in more and more SouthAfrican houses!!!! Although the email claims to be from South Africa, the Violin Spiders in the photos are in fact the American Brown Recluse (Loxosceles reclusa) and not any of the Southern African species. The email suggests that Violin Spiders are common in houses in Southern Africa which is not true. Violin Spiders live in dry places, gaining almost all of their water requirements from the prey that they eat. They are not attracted to water such as water in a kettle. Most kettles have a filter on the spout making it impossible for the spiders to creep in. Even if the spiders crawled into the kettle and died, venom does not seep out of the dead spiders. Venom will only cause a reaction when injected into the human body. It‘s perfectly safe to ingest venom. If Venom was added to water in a kettle, the process of heating and boiling the water would destroy the venom, rendering it useless and ineffective. Violin Spiders do not alter their breeding rate due to changes in weather conditions, nor are they a health threat.

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In short, this email, like many others is a complete hoax, containing no factual information whatsoever. This email only perpetuates ignorance and mass hysteria. http://www.scorpions.co.za/spider-email-hoaxes/violin-spiders-kettle/ 

Dankie Robbie – nou hoef ek nie meer in die ketel te loer nie! – HBH

SAPS Affirmative Action: Renate Barnard case

Renate Barnard case to be heard in ConCourt on March 20 Solidarity Dirk Hermann: 20 February 2014

Dirk Hermann says the ANC govt's policy of 'demographic representivity' will be put to the test SA's biggest affirmative action case in the Constitutional Court In the most significant court case ever on affirmative action in South Africa Solidarity will tackle the South African Police Service (SAPS) in the Constitutional Court on 20 March 2014. The court case is the culmination of Lt-Col Renate Barnard's eight year long battle against the SAPS for its refusal to promote her because she is white. Should judgment go against Solidarity it would mean that South African justice would be exhausted - thus opening the door to international lawsuits. The case in the Constitutional Court results from the SAPS's request for leave to appeal against the judgment of the Supreme Court of Appeal in Bloemfontein in favour of Barnard and Solidarity. Solidarity is opposing the application. Dirk Hermann, Solidarity's Executive Officer, says what makes this case all the more unusual is that the SAPS's leave to appeal, as well as the merit of the case, will be heard on the same day, 20 March. ‗This day will be decisive for affirmative action and the ideology of absolute race representation in South Africa, whatever the court's judgment would be. The SAPS's application offers no grounds on which the Constitutional Court could reach a conclusion different to that of the Supreme Court of Appeal. The SAPS's application is a cynical move to further deprive Barnard of the justice that is her due after an eight year long battle in the courts.' Hermann points out that several other court cases on affirmative action in South Africa hinge on the Barnard case, including the much talked-of court case involving Solidarity and ten employees of the Department of Correctional Services against the department. Barnard's affirmative action battle had started back in 2005. Twice she had applied for the same position. Each time she was found to be the best candidate, with the interviewing panel recommending her appointment. However, the post was not filled. The post was advertised for a third time but was scrapped when she again applied for it. The SAPS argues

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that Barnard could not be promoted or appointed because it would undermine the police's efforts to ensure that its staff reflects the national demography at every job level. Statement issued by Dirk Hermann, Executive Officer: Solidarity, February 20 2014

http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page72308?oid=548543&sn= Marketingweb+detail&pid=90389&utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campai gn=c6d8813963DH_Newsletter_Feb_21_2014&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99c6d8813963-130042309 AVIATION

 Boeing 797-Blended „Wing & Fuselage Design‟ Received from Wikus Jacobs via Johan Jacobs

Get ready it’s almost here.

It can comfortably fly 10,000 Miles (16,000 km) at Mach 0.88 or 654 mph (1,046 km/h) with 1000 passengers on board !They have kept this secret long enough. The exact date for introduction of the 797 is as yet unclear, but the battle lines are clearly drawn in the high-stakes war for future civilian aircraft supremacy. Boeing is preparing this 1000 passenger Jet Liner that could reshape the Air Travel Industry. Its radical "Blended Wing & Fuselage" design has been developed by Boeing in cooperation with NASA Langley Research Centre. The mammoth aircraft will have a wing span of 265 feet compared to 211 feet of its 747, and it’s been

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designed to fit within the newly created Air Terminals for the 555 seat Airbus A380, which is 262 feet wide.

The new 797 is Boeing's direct response to the Airbus A380, which has racked up orders for 159 already. Boeing decided to kill its 747X Stretched Super Jumbo in 2003 after little interest was shown for it by Airline Companies, but continued to develop its "Ultimate Airbus Crusher", the 797 at its Phantom Works Research Facility in Long Beach, California. The Airbus A380 had been in the works since 1999 and has accumulated $13 Billion in development costs, which gives Boeing a huge advantage. More so because Airbus is thus committed to the older style tubular structure for their aircraft for decades to come.

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There are several big advantages in the "Blended Wing & Fuselage" design, the most important being the ‚Lift to Drag‛ ratio which is expected to increase by an amazing 50%, resulting in an overall weight reduction of the aircraft by 25%, making it an estimated 33% more fuel efficient than the A380, and thus making the Airbus's $13 Billion Dollar investment look pretty shaky. "High Airframe Rigidity" is another key factor in the "Blended Wing & Fuselage" technology. It reduces turbulence and creates less stress on the airframe which adds to fuel efficiency, giving the 797 a tremendous 10,000 Mile range with 1,000 passengers on board cruising comfortably at Mach 0.88 or 654 MPH, which gives it another advantage over the tube-and-wing designed A380's 570 MPH.

LETTERS / BRIEWE BOND VAN OUD-POLISIEBEAMPTES WYNBERG TAK  Oud-AO Dimitri Gatzanis se verhaal: Sy stres het gelei tot Altzheimers Dimitri Gatzanis commenced his police career on 21st of March 1968 at the age of seventeen. He attended the South African Police Training College in Pretoria in 1969 and completed a year‘s training and tuition in order to attain his Police Matric certificate. During his College year his father passed away leaving his stepmother and three very young brothers destitute. The youngest sibling was only sixteen months old and Dimitri was both morally and financially obliged to fully support them. At the age of nineteen he successfully took part in promotional examinations and became one of the youngest members in the SAP to be promoted to the rank of sergeant. He was engaged in Border duties in 1971, still only twenty years of age.

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He was well respected and revealed excellent leadership qualities. He was promoted to the rank of Warrant Officer in January 1981. He was initially stationed at Retreat, thereafter at Kirstenhof, Wynberg, Muizenberg and Steenberg, where he served for eleven years. As a result of his stressful police career he became psychologically traumatized and unfit for further police service. He was subsequently medically boarded - diagnosed with ‗Post Traumatic Stress Disorder,‘ and discharged from the Police Force on the 31st of March 1994 as medically unfit for further police service. He has since, at the age of 53, been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. A debilitating disease that has come as a great shock to all his acquaintances – family and friends! On April 26th he was, as a medical necessity, transferred to Trianon in Diep River and his doctor determined that his disability was of such a nature that it was imperative that he be afforded the services a fulltime carer. Costs for such accommodation and professional medical care are however far beyond this patient‘s financial capabilities. His pension is only R8000-00 pm and the current monthly expenses are - Boarding R14.856 pm and a carer @ R39.37 per hour for an eleven hour day - ± R12 992.00pm. Chris Kruger and I, Jan van Wyk, in my capacity of secretary of the League of Retired Policemen, came to Dimitri‘s rescue. I managed to procure accommodation for him in the Plumstead Rusoord at R5 050.00pm - a saving of over R7000.00 per month. Fortunately his indispensable nappy-service has been approved and authorised by Polmed. A wheelchair was also financed by Polmed, as Dimitri is immobile without this mechanical assistance. We now anxiously await Polmed‘s professional evaluation and authorisation to facilitate payment for Dimitri‘s carers. Dimitri will soon celebrate his sixty third birthday. He is happy at Rusoord and is well cared for by staff and his two dedicated carers.



Pat Freeman who worked with Dimitri has this to say this about him.

Dimitri and I became acquainted in 1971. He was stationed at the then Retreat Police Station (now Kirstenhof SAPS). He functioned mostly as the charge-office sergeant and myself as a student constable. His work ethic was always above reproach and his discipline unrivalled. Dimitri and I reconnected again in 1992; whilst we were both waiting to be medicallyboarded. It was heart-rending when it became apparent that Dimitri's health was deteriorating, as I also experienced this dread disease first hand, with my Mother succumbing to Alzheimer‘s. I commend Dimitri's stepmom for caring/nurturing him so patiently, for so long. So, Dimitri....I miss your quirky sense of humour, and hope you find some comfort in our thoughts and prayers. Wishing you perfect peace, dear friend. We salute you. In closing I would like to emphasise that the League is intimately involved in the welfare of retired police officials - especially those who are in need of care and assistance. Loving care

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and assistance, where indicated, may not add to the prolongation of life, but certainly adds to the comfort, security and wellbeing of trusted and respected retired colleagues: They deserve our love and commitment! JAN VAN WYK. Chris Kruger – Committee member of Retired Policeman Jan Van WYK: Secretary League for Retired Policemen/Wynberg branch

From Left to Right: Mr Jan v Wyk, Secretary of League of Retired Policemen: Mrs T Gatzanis, Step Mother, Dimitri Gatzanis, Michelle April, one of the carers; Essie van Zyl, Manager Health Care.

Reünie Rita van der Merwe Hallo Julle, Hierby aangeheg is die besonderhede van ons reünie wat gaan plaasvind vanaf 8 – 11 Mei 2014. Ek verneem dat van julle nie die e-pos gekry het nie en dan is daar (tong in die kies) ook diegene wat blybaar vergeet het daarvan, jammer om te sê, maar dit kom maar so met die ouderdom. Ek hoop werklik dat ons julle daar gaan sien. Okkie, jy en Lettie weet hoe lekker ons op Hartenbos gekuier het, kom ons maak weer so opWeesgerus. Groete

Rita

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Telefoon: Faks: E-Pos:

084 549 7133 086 541 9092 ritavdmerwe@vodamail.co.za

Posbus 2171 VRYHEID 3100 18 Junie 2013

Beste Vriend, Ons het in 2011 ‗n baie geslaagde 50 jarige reünie gehou te Hartenbos. Tydens hierdie reünie het sommige van die manne daarop aangedring dat ons weer oor twee jaar ‗n reünie moes hou. Wel, twee jaar het verby gegaan sonder ‗n reünie, maar ons beplan nou om een in 2014 te hou. Die Bond van Oud Polisiemanne het hulle twee jaarlikse Kongres te Weesgerus, Nylstroom, vanaf 12-16 Mei 2014. Omdat sommige van die 1961 manne ook daarby betrokke is, is daar besluit om die reünie net vóór die Kongres te hou, en wel vanaf Donderdag 8 Mei 2014 tot Sondagoggend 11 Mei 2014. Met ander woorde, ons kom gedurende Donderdag op Weesgerus aan, en ons vertrek dan weer op die Sondagoggend, want Maandag kom die Kongresgangers dan weer aan. Diegene wat vroeg arriveer maak hulleself solank tuis en kuier ook saam met die ander wat alreeds aangekom het. Let wel, mens kan eers na 14h00 (2 uur) jou wooneenheid betrek. Daar kon nog nie met Weesgerus se bestuur onderhandel word oor etes nie, maar op hierdie stadium kan ek wel vir u sê dat daar ‗n restaurant op die perseel is wat etes verskaf. Al die nodige geriewe is in die wooneenhede, dus u kan self versorgend wees sover dit etes aanbetref. Daar is braai geriewe daarom beplan ons om een aand ‗n bring en braai te hou, wat baie gesellig sal wees. Die klimaat op Weesgerus is baie lekker daardie tyd van die jaar. Heerlik bedags, maar redelik koel in die aande. Soos u op die lys van tariewe kan sien, is daar redelik baie aktiwiteite waaraan u ook kan deelneem. Daar is heerlike swembaddens, warm, bietjie kouer en ook heeltemal koud, as u dit sou verkies. Ek sluit hierby in ‗n pryslys van Weesgerus. U moet self u verblyf bespreek vir hierdie tydperk. Mag ek vra dat u die besprekings asseblief so gou as moontlik afhandel, omdat die oord alle akkommodasie vir hierdie tydperk uithou. Indien ons nie spoedig, binne die volgende maand, bespreek nie, dan kan hulle ons verantwoordelik hou vir alle onbespreekte akkommodasie. Mens kan hulle punt insien, anders gaan hulle dalk ‗n redelike groot verlies ly. Let asseblief daarop as u „n bydraer is tot die Weduwee en Weesfonds, dan kry u 50% afslag en privaat pensionarisse kwalifiseer vir 20% afslag. Ek wil dit onder u aandag bring dat daar ook besluit is om die manne van 1962 en 1963 ook die geleentheid te bied om saam met ons reünie te hou. Ons gaan dit egter nie vir hulle reël nie, maar as u van ouens wat kwalifiseer weet, bring dit maar asseblief onder hulle aandag. Die kontakpersoon vir die 1963 groep is Kobus Combrinck van Bethulie. Sy kontakbesonderhede is Tel nr 072 103 7883 en e-pos is fs.bethulie.stock@saps.org.za, dit is met Kobus se goedkeuring dat ek hierdie inligting aan u verskaf. Net ‗n laaste versoek asseblief. Om al ons administratiewe uitgawes te dek, moet ons op ‗n manier ‗n geldjie vra, daarom het ons die vrymoedigheid om ‗n bedrag van R50.00 per persoon te vra om ook hiervoor voorsiening te maak. Hierdie fooi het niks met Weesgerus oord te doen nie, daarom is dit by Louwtjie Loubser of myself, betaalbaar. Ons sal dit by u aankoms te Weesgerus invorder. Baie dankie vir u samewerking. Ek sal dit waardeer as julle my in kennis sal stel sodra u u bespreking gedoen het, sodat ek min of meer darem ‗n idee het van hoeveel persone die reünie gaan bywoon.

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Indien u nog twyfel of u hierdie wonderlike geleentheid wil bywoon, nooi ek u nou vriendelik uit om saam te kom. Ons weet nie wie van ons weer die geleentheid gaan kry om so lekker saam met ou vriende uit die verlede te kuier nie, toe Polisiemanne nog Polisiemanne was! Die ouens wat op Hartenbos was weet waarvan ek praat, so dit is nie onderhandelbaar nie, julle móét net weer kom asseblief! Viendelike groete Rita van der Merwe



Kontak vir Rita en Weesgerus asb

 Phil Beck : Cape Town Hi guys, You might enjoy this Check the winner particularly. Paderborn is the town from which my one great-grandfather, Franz Xavier Schwarzendahl, hailed Best wishes Phil

Ahhhh.... Stupidity is such a source of entertainment and there's some much of it.



2013 Darwin Awards

You've been waiting for them with bated breath, so without further ado, here are the 2013 Darwin Awards: Eighth Place In Detroit, a 41-year-old man got stuck and drowned in two feet of water after squeezing head first through an 18-inch-wide sewer grate to retrieve his car keys. Seventh Place A 49-year-old San Francisco stockbroker, who "totally zoned when he ran", accidentally jogged off a 100-foot high cliff on his daily run. Sixth Place While at the beach, Daniel Jones, 21, dug an 8 foot hole for protection from the wind and had been sitting in a beach chair at the bottom, when it collapsed, burying him beneath 5 feet of sand. People on the beach used their hands and shovels trying to get him out but could not reach him. It took rescue workers using heavy equipment almost an hour to free him. Jones was pronounced dead at a hospital. Fifth Place Santiago Alvarado, 24, was killed as he fell through the ceiling of a bicycle shop he was burglarizing. Death was caused when the long flashlight he had placed in his mouth to keep his hands free rammed into the base of his skull as he hit the floor. Fourth Place

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Sylvester Briddell, Jr., 26, was killed as he won a bet with friends who said he would not put a revolver loaded with four bullets into his mouth and pull the trigger. Third Place After stepping around a marked police patrol car parked at the front door, a man walked into H&J Leather & Firearms intent on robbing the store. The shop was full of customers and a uniformed officer was standing at the counter. Upon seeing the officer, the would-be robber announced a hold-up and fired a few wild shots from a target pistol. The officer and a clerk promptly returned fire, and several customers also drew their guns and fired. The robber was pronounced dead at the scene by Paramedics. Crime scene investigators located 47 expended cartridge cases in the shop. The subsequent autopsy revealed 23 gunshot wounds. Ballistics identified rounds from 7 different weapons. No one else was hurt. Honorable Mention Paul Stiller, 47, and his wife Bonnie were bored just driving around at 2 A.M. so they lit a quarter stick of dynamite to toss out the window to see what would happen. Apparently they failed to notice that the window was closed. Runner Up Kerry Bingham had been drinking with several friends when one of them said they knew a person who had bungee-jumped from a local bridge in the middle of traffic. The conversation grew more excited and at least 10 men trooped along the walkway of the bridge at 4:30 AM. Upon arrival at the midpoint of the bridge, they discovered that no one had brought a bungee rope. Bingham, who had continued drinking, volunteered and pointed out that a coil of lineman's cable lay nearby. They secured one end around Bingham's leg and then tied the other to the bridge. His fall lasted 40 feet before the cable tightened and tore his foot off at the ankle. He miraculously survived his fall into the icy water and was rescued by two nearby fishermen. Bingham's foot was never located. And the winner is.... Zookeeper Friedrich Riesfeldt (Paderborn, Germany) fed his constipated elephant 22 doses of animal laxative and more than a bushel of berries, figs and prunes before the plugged-up pachyderm finally got relief. Investigators say ill-fated Friedrich, 46, was attempting to give the ailing elephant an olive oil enema when the relieved beast unloaded. The sheer force of the elephant's unexpected defecation knocked Mr Riesfeldt to the ground where he struck his head on a rock as the elephant continued to evacuate 200 pounds of dung on top of him. It seems to be just one of those freak accidents that proves... 'Tish happens'.

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REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION & PHOTOS / VERSOEK MBT INLIGTING EN FOTO‟S 

Maj Gideon Lotz: Oos-Kaap Help asb: 1. Gedurende 1976/7/8 het 5 SAP-lede oor brug geloop by die Victoriawaterval terwyl hulle grensdiens gedoen het. Wat het met hulle gebeur? 2. Kan iemand my help met foto‘s van die ―London bomaanval op die ANC se kantoor‖?

VONKFIKSIE MET ERKENNING AAN RAPPORT 

Tot die dood ons skei

Hy trek die slaapkamerdeur saggies agter hom toe, terwyl hy haar egskeidingsdagvaardiging in stukkies skeur. Met die kussing nog onder sy linker-arm, bel hy hulle prokureur. – Len Els, Pretoria



Moord op my werf

―Mamma! Kyk wat het ek gekry!‖ Vierjaaroud plak ‘n modderbesmeerde skedel op die kombuistafel neer. Die oogholtes staar stom na my. Ek ruk my seuntjie uit die pad en gooi instinktief ‘n vadoek oor die gru-fonds. Minute later is die polisie in die kombuis en die erf geel afgesper. Die een met die meeste strepe maak pad vir die staatspatoloog. ―Wat dink jy, Dok?‖ vra hy vernaam. Die dokter draai die bewysstuk versigtig in sy handskoenhande om. ―Plastiek‖ sê hy. – Ronelle Meyer, Bloemfontein http://www.rapport.co.za/Weekliks/Nuus/Vonkfiksie-20140228 

Skitterende stories!

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THE MARKET PLACE / DIE MARKPLEK Ons ontvang graag advertensies van oudkollegas en ons polisievriende. Please contact Glenn Elsden our webmaster through the website: eNongqaipublications.com OOR „N KOPPIE KOFFIE People, especially friends are the most valuable assets known to man! Without friends we are nothing! Without love for our neighbour we are just empty vessels. Having a drinkie-drink and a merry yarn with pals is worth more than gold! To stare, in company of a colleague or friend, into a fire is worth so much! I can remember standing next to a fire with Capt Schlechter in the Namib. He got a faraway look in his eyes and told of long dessert patrols of days gone by. Of shooting a gemsbok for the pot on the patrol stretching over sever days. (No butcheries in the desert!) Willie and I have stared into countless fires sometimes without saying a single word. Deep telepathic conversation has taken place.... Ja, Swaer! He would only comment on the aroma of the specific firewood he chooses with care for the braai. Working night duty on a hot summer night in Durban, South Africa, is an enriching experience. Sharing golden moments of the moon rising over the Indian Ocean and reflecting over the sea! While visiting Mozambique on official duty one night, in the company of George Costa, we went to Hotel in Maputo. Once again the moon was rising over a quiet ocean – It was like a sun rise. Costa confessed how much he loved his country! We all remember the beautiful sunsets in Rhodesia and Southwest Africa! We were in the company of friends and colleagues. We enjoy nature so much better in the company of friends by saying: ―Look there! A whale has just jumped out of the ocean!‖ Nature, art, music, poetry and sumptuous meals must be shared with friends or like minded people. Religion however can be practised alone and in silence. Travelling by train all over South Africa I can remember the golden moments shared with travelling companions. One morning our train passed Pentrich Station when a cock crowed! In a full train I suddenly felt alone and remembered Christ and the cock crowing before he was crucified. If you make people happy you make yourself happy! Particularly since October 2013 a few close friends have passed on to higher service! The lesson I have learnt is to be kind to people – don‘t try and win every argument. You may be right in every instance – but don‘t fight or argue till the bitter end about nonsense. A dear friend told me something: ―I was phoned by a former colleague. He told me he made unkind remarks about me to a journalist and wanted to apologise. I forgave him because I know what and who I am!‖ This is the moral of the lesson. ―I know who and what I am‖. Pride: Makes you to want to win all your arguments. Let things pass! Never argue with fools, the will pull you down to their level and beat you with experience. Share your knowledge and

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learn from others. Learn something new every day. Phone a different friend everyday; keep up contact! I am sharing photographs with you of the people I have recently met – some are olf friends of more than 50 years and who shared a cup (or several cups) of coffee with Petro and me:

Golden Moments

Dr James Saunders author of ―Apertheid‘s Friends‖ – he is a knowledageble friend on intelligence

On 13th of January 2014, 43630 (left) and 43607 (Johan Visagè) celebrated the fact that they joined the SAP together 50 yrs ago.

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Colleague ID ―Steve‖Bosch – a stout man who has the SAP Cross (Silver) for bravery, His grandfather was Maj ID Bosch. Steve‘s father was Director of Security Legislation.

The beautiful Jet Pagnier from The Netherlands. She is doing a film on Klaas de Jonge. Our friend in Amsterdam, Ger Sevink, was one of De Jonge‘s guards in the NedBank building. The late Major General Martin Nel. He was a gentleman and a true blooded detective. We shared countless quiet drinks in the Officers Club in Wacthuis. This is most probably one of the last photographs taken of him! He was attached to the Commercial Branch of the SAP and after retirement continued to help with mentorship in the ―Commerical Crimes Unit‖ and he promised a story of his recent investigation in Barbados! He was dedicated to the POLICE until the end!

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Prof Gerhard Dekker and the love of his life, Linda. I am proud of Gerhard. Gerhard is a former Detective Warrant Officer â&#x20AC;&#x201C; he left the Force and became a Professor of Accounting. He is a member of the IPA. He is fluent in Hungarian. This picture was taken on his recent birthday.

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Brig IWC Human: Ivor and I were Constables at SAP King‘s Rest. He was fearless and even then a ―notch above the rest‖. Our Station Commander sent him to Benoni to be trained as an Inspector of Motor Vehicles (after accidents). Our ways later separated and we have met again in our golden years! He had an illustrious career as detective! I will always remember him as a ―good policeman‖.

Lieutenant General Andre van Heerden Beukes. We were officers on the same section at Security Branch HQ (Compol x302). We joined the SAP at the same time. We have been friends for about 40 years. Andre is an expert intelligence officer and true gentleman. I have never seen him without a tie and cuff links. He is also a tie collector.

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A fine gentleman and fit as a fiddle; Brig Theuns Botha Arlow with Mrs Ans Arlow.

General Jannie Geldenhuys and Mrs Marie Geldenhuys. Gen Geldenhuys was born in Bethlehem in the old OFS. School mates were Tom van Vollenhoven and Miss Jonker whose farther Lieut Jonker and a Constable was massacred at Witsieshoek. Mrs Geldenhuys is the daughter of Ds Harpir Martins our first SAP Chaplain.

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Steve Camp: We were set to meet the following day but providence decided that we shall meet at the SAPS Museum a day earlier. The next day we met and while looking at my books he pointed out a book written by his late Mother. He photo while he was a little boy also appeared in the book about Hillcrest outside Durban. Life is indeed full of surprises!

CONCLUSION / SLOT Die e-Nongqai bevat die uiteenlopende en diverse persoonlike menings van verskillende korrespondente en die opsteller van e-Nongqai kan nie vir enige deel van die inhoud daarvan in sy persoonlike hoedanigheid verantwoordelik gehou word nie. The e-Nongqai contains various and sundry personal opinions of different correspondents and the compiler of e-Nongqai cannot be held responsible for any of their comments. Enige advertensies of enige sake voortspruitend is tussen u en die ander party. May our friendship never come apart, Especially when it's straight from the heart!

Dankie aan almal wat gehelp het om hierdie uitgawe â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;n sukses te maak! Baie welkom aan ons nuwe lesers! It was a pleasure to compile this edition! Thanks for your support! â&#x20AC;&#x201C;HBH

KONTAKBESONDERHEDE / CONTACT DETAILS Hennie Heymans: enongqai@gmail.com [tel 012 329 4229] Johan Jacobs: jhnjacobs65@gmail.com Anemari Jansen: anemari@koorsboomcottage.co.za Ronnie Beyl: rbeyl@iburst.co.za William Marshall: mechinf@netactive.co.za Patrick Coetzee: patrickcoetzee@gmail.com Glenn Elsden: glenn.elsden@gmail.com 082426 7706

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ANNEXURE “A”  SOUTH AFRICAN MILITARY HISTORY SOCIETY: J VAN DEN BERG

NEWSLETTER No 417 - FEBRUARY 2014 Our speaker on 16 January 2014 was our chairman, Mr Johan van den Berg, who spoke on the subject of Remembrance and the role of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. He introduced his presentation with a slide of the Italian sculptor Paulo Uccello‘s painting on a wall of the Duomo in Florence, depicting a knight mounted on his horse. However, the figure is not honouring an Italian noble – the inscription below pays homage to a mercenary warlord – from the British Isles: ‗Ioannes Acutus Eques Britannicus‘ - ‗Dux Aetatis Suae Cautissimus Et Rei Militaris Pertissimus Habitus Est‘ – ‗This is John Hawkwood, British knight, esteemed the most cautious and expert general of his age.‘ This was the rulers of Florence‘s grateful tribute for services rendered by Sir John, the scourge of Florence‘s enemies. Our speaker pointed out that, from 1436 to 1914, very few cemeteries and memorials to British servicemen killed in the many European and other wars in that period have survived. A thin sprinkling of graves did survive in the Iberian Peninsula and across Europe, but at best, no more than a mere handful. He showed us pictures of the magnificent British Memorial in a Brussels cemetery commemorating the seventeen British soldiers interred in the crypt underneath it. Of the seventeen, sixteen are British officers killed at Quatre Bras and Waterloo. Also buried there in 1894 is a sergeant major who survived the battle and became a battlefield tour guide. Whether on the battlefields at Quatre Bras, Ligny, Mont St Jean/Waterloo, or at Plancenoit, it is irrelevant - of the tens of thousands of soldiers who fought and died there, this is in fact one of the very few visible 195

sites of commemoration and of actual graves of soldiers who participated in those climatic battles of June 1815. Johan explained that, in those days, the bodies of most of those killed at Waterloo were either dumped into mass graves or piled on to massive funeral pyres and cremated. Eyewitnesses spoke of dead French soldiers and horses being collected into funeral pyres and burnt – more often than not, only partially consumed by flames. After Waterloo, it took 12 days to collect and bury the dead, this task being left to the local peasants who stripped the bodies of any item usable before burying them. Those soldiers who survived the battle but who were too badly wounded to be moved were often shot by roving patrols of their own comrades, possibly a more humane outcome than dying at the hands of marauding battlefield robbers – soldiers and civilians alike – who showed no mercy by murdering the poor suffering wretches lying wounded on the blood-soaked battlefield and whom they were plundering of their last earthly possessions. The ever-present danger of disease was of paramount importance so bodies had to be dealt with the utmost haste and in any way possible. Resultantly common soldiers did not even receive a decent burial in a properly-marked grave. As the 19th century progressed, so Great Britain gradually began to recognize its debt to the British soldier. Johan showed us slides of the Crimean War, 1854 -1856, the Indian Mutiny 1857-1858, and the retreat from Kabul. There were 139 British cemeteries in Russia in 1856, today there is only one left. The author David Crane, in his book Empire of the Dead (2013), has pointed out that it was the Americans who first recognized and honoured the fallen of both sides - both blue and grey - of that terrible internecine strife they called their Civil War, by establishing proper military cemeteries, many of which became famous names and popular in their own right. Today the cemeteries at Shiloh, Antietam, Bull Run and, of course, Gettysburg, have become popular tourist destinations. During the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902, the British Army and the colonial administration ensured that each soldier who was killed or died was given an individual and proper burial in a grave which was properly registered and recorded in a way that ensured dignity and a modicum of consolation to the immediate family and loved ones. The First World War started in 1914. The number of Commonwealth war dead grew from a few dozen in the early battles, then to thousands and eventually to tens of thousands in the later battles. Some 20 000 British and Commonwealth soldiers were killed and almost double that number wounded or missing on that fateful first day of the Battle of the Somme - of which the overwhelming majority died in the first hour of the attack. This huge escalation in the number of dead brought a realization among the population – both military and civilian - that these almost countless squandered lives should be in some way remembered and honoured. This gave rise to the process of identifying the dead and burying them in temporary cemeteries on the battlefield or near the field hospitals where they died. After the War, a great number of these bodies, as well as remains recovered subsequently, were reinterred in properly laid-out cemeteries with an individual tombstone for each body. Memorials were also set up, listing the names of those with no known graves. These were men who could not be identified because of the state of the remains, or where a pitifully few scattered bones were all that was left. These bones were placed in ossuaries near the memorials.  196

The First World War is inextricably linked to the Commonwealth War Graves Commission as the one led to the creation of the other. The majority of the visible content of the war is in the shape of cemeteries and memorials, which to a large extent - up to 90% - was set up by the Commission. The balance is contained in the remains of trenches, bunkers, museums and private memorials. There is also a proliferation of war memorials honouring the dead in the many wars fought over the centuries all over Europe. Most of these are situated in churches or churchyards on, or near, the actual battlefields. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) is an independent organization, funded by government grant and payments from member countries in proportion to the number of war dead from those countries. The member countries are the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and India. Its principal function is to mark, record and maintain the graves and places of commemoration of Commonwealth military service members who died on active service during the two World Wars and, presumably, other wars since 1945. The founder of the CWGC was Fabian Ware. He was too old to enlist and joined a Red Cross ambulance unit which dealt with casualties behind the front line. They also took on the role of marking and caring for the graves of the fallen British and Empire soldiers. Their work became known and they had to deal with an increasing number of enquiries from people trying to trace their missing relatives and loved ones. In 1917 the unit dropped its Red Cross title and joined the British Army as the Imperial War Graves Commission, established by Royal Charter. In 1960, it became known as the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC). It carried on creating cemeteries and recording the locations throughout the war and, when the war ended, it continued with the mammoth task of finding, burying and recording all those who had died world-wide. By 1918, 587 000 graves had been identified and 559 000 casualties registered as having no known graves. The ownership of all the land taken up by British war graves or memorials for the missing in France and Belgium have been transferred in perpetuity to Britain by those countries. So each cemetery is a little part of Britain. The Commission acts on behalf of all member governments in all matters concerning their war graves of the two world wars and maintains 1 179 000 war graves in 22 203 burial sites in 148 countries, as well as another 170 000 graves in 12 000 sites in the UK. The Commissionâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s work is guided by the following principles: - That each of the dead shall be commemorated individually by name either on a headstone over a grave or by an inscription on a memorial if the burial is unknown. - That the headstones and memorials should be permanent. - That the headstones should be uniform. - That there should be no distinction made on account of military or civil rank, race or creed. The purposes of the Commission are: - To acquire and hold land for the purpose of cemeteries in any territory in which officers and men of the British lmperial Forces, who fell in the two world wars, may be buried. 197

- To complete and maintain records and a register of all graves within such cemeteries. - To make provision for the burial of all officers and men and the care of all graves in such cemeteries, to erect buildings and permanent memorials there and generally to provide for the maintenance and upkeep of such cemeteries, buildings and memorials. The Commission is funded by Government grant and by payments from member countries, each nation pays in direct proportion of the number of war dead from those countries, the proportion as follows;

United Kingdom 78.40% Canada 10.07% Australia 6.05% New Zealand 2.14% South Africa 2.11% 3 lndia 1.20% 

The highest concentration of cemeteries controlled by the CWGC lie in the 112 km/70 mile stretch running north-west to south-east through Belgium and France, the British sector of the western front in the First World War. Here some of the cemeteries are so close together that one can stand in one and look into another. The land has reverted to agriculture but at certain times of the year, one can still see from the air the continuous and inerasable scar left by the trenches. No two cemeteries are alike but they are all built to the same guidelines and specifications though different in layout and character. The Cross of Sacrifice, was designed by the architect, Sir Reginald Blomfield, in four sizes to fit all sizes of cemetery. All large cemeteries also have a Stone of Remembrance, which was designed by Sir Edwin Lutjens, another famous architect, and inscribed with the words ―Their name liveth for ever more‖. These are found in cemeteries with 1 000 graves or more. Headstones are all of a standard pattern with each bearing the national emblem or regimental or unit badge, followed by rank, name, date of death, age and appropriate religious emblem. At the foot of the stone there is place for an inscription, chosen by the family. The headstones of unidentified soldiers have the inscription ―Known unto God‖. The only exception are the headstones of Victoria Cross winners buried in a particular cemetery, whose headstones are emblazoned with an engraved facsimile of the Victoria Cross, Britain‘s highest award for valour. There are five types of cemetery. The first are battlefield cemeteries where men are buried on the ground where they fell in combat. The dead of the various regiments were usually kept separate and, if the attack was successful, most of the bodies would have been identified. Less identifications could be made if the attack was not successful. These cemeteries were usually small, confined to a few dates of death and often in isolated locations. After the First World War there were literally hundreds of these battlefield 3

When South Africa was expelled from the commonwealth during the apartheid years not once did it renege on war graves payments.

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cemeteries spread haphazardly all over the various battle zones, but after the war the bodies were exhumed and reinterred in larger sites. A few, however, still exist. Comrades cemeteries were found some few hundred metres behind the front line. People killed during ―quiet‖ periods of frontline duty would be buried by their comrades as they came from the front line. They could also have been wounded men who died at a Forward Dressing Station. Many were closed and the bodies moved to larger sites but those that still exist are direct links to the routine life of frontline soldiers and the times when they had to go over the top. Communal cemeteries are found a bit further behind the frontline than comrades‘ cemeteries. These are groups of war graves found in French civilian (or communal) cemeteries. The uniform, neat CWGC graves are in stark contrast to the civilian graves with their individual headstones in all types, shape and construction, providing for an untidy, unkempt appearance. Dressing station cemeteries were further away from the fighting area and were where the Main Dressing Stations and Casualty Clearing Stations received wounded from the front. These units normally stayed in one spot for a long time and were able to bury their dead in properly and carefully laid-out plots in a field nearby. Further back were the large base hospitals near the Channel Ports. These remained static for very long periods and built up huge cemeteries. These were very well-ordered, carefully laid-out with a large number of units represented. Officers and other ranks were normally separated in spite of the policy of the CWGC that no distinction should be made on the basis of rank, religion and nationality. Concentration cemeteries were set up after the end of the First World War to provide new burial places for thousands of bodies because of the closing of hundreds of small cemeteries and the discovery of many scattered graves as the battlefield searches continued. Bodies are still being unearthed today, some 100 years later. These cemeteries now dominate the most densely fought-over battlefields such as the 1916 area of the Somme and Ypres. These are normally very large, near a road for ease of visitor access and with the graves laid out neatly with regular numbers of graves in each row. They were given the name of their geographical location, e.g. Delville Wood or Warlencourt, and are good examples of early post First World War concentration cemeteries. They have also been called the ―Silent Cities‖ of the Dead.  There are two main means of commemorating and remembering the war dead. One is cemeteries, as discussed above. The other is through the erection of Memorials to the Missing. The purpose of building these was to commemorate in perpetuity the sacrifice of the soldiers of the British Empire and especially the missing who have no known grave. Most countries in the world have memorials to their war dead and to remember past campaigns but these are not covered by this talk. The first of these memorials to the missing was the Menin Gate, unveiled on 27 July 1927. There was insufficient space for the names of all the missing and 35 000 names had to be inscribed on the Tyne Cot Memorial to the Missing, located in the Tyne Cot British Military Cemetery. Not only is it a concentration cemetery, but also the largest 199

CWGC military cemetery in the world today, with just under 12 000 bodies interred here (in addition to the 35 000 names of the missing inscribed on its walls). A large number of these memorials to the missing were built – Helles at Gallipoli, Thiepval, Arras and, in Iraq, Basra (listed chronologically up to this point). Each Dominion and India erected a memorial – Neuve-Chappele for the Indians, Vimy for the Canadians, Villers-Bretonneux for the Australians (the last to be completed; and only in 1938), Delville Wood for the South Africans (designed by Sir Herbert Baker) and Beaumont-Hamel for Newfoundland. The largest French memorials are the Ossuary at Douamont, near Verdun, which houses millions of bones of soldiers blown apart in the charnel house that was Verdun, and the national memorial at Notre Dame de Lorette, the largest French cemetery. The largest military shrine in Italy is at Redipuglia, awesome in its enormity it brings home with a numbing realization the totality and waste of war. Here are buried 100 187 Italian soldiers who died in the battles of the Azonso. Of these 39 857 are known and 60 330 unknown. American war memorials are elegant and graceful – the most important of theirs is the one at St Mihiel. Many soldiers who died were never found or, if the bodies were recovered, they could not be identified. This required a new form of memorial. The scale of the issue was huge. 73 000 Allied dead were never found at the Somme, because their bodies were lost, destroyed or were unrecognizable – more than one in ten of those lost in the battle. Some form of memorial was needed and two types of memorial were developed. One was the Cenotaph, a memorial with an empty tomb. We have one in Cape Town. The first one was in London and they are to found in one form or another all round the world. In the countries which made up the old British Empire these are the focus of Remembrance Day commemorations of the war dead. The other form of memorial is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, which used the idea of burying one of the unidentified bodies from the war as a symbolic memorial to all of the missing soldiers. There was some objection to this idea but, in 1920, both Britain and France inaugurated such a memorial, The French one is situated under the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. Most countries now have such a memorial, some of them truly magnificent structures such as the one in Rome, the Victor Emmanuele memorial (otherwise known as the wedding cake).  Our speaker then discussed the South African part in the two World Wars and the resting places of the South African dead, both in South Africa and elsewhere. In the First World War, our forces fought in German South West Africa in 1914-5, in German East Africa (Tanganyika) from 1915 to 1918, in North Africa (Libya) against the Senussi in 1915 and in France from 1916 to 1918, with small forces fighting in Palestine. Losses were heavy. The major battles were Delville Wood on the Somme (1916), Butte de Warlencourt (Somme, 1916), Arras (1917), Passchendaele (1917), Bois de Marrières (Somme, 1918), and Le Cateau (1918). These are all located in France and Belgium. Cemeteries with significant numbers of South African dead and with memorials to the missing include Thiepval, Pozières, Brown‘s Copse cemetery, Delville Wood, Warlencourt and Ors British Military Cemetery. The Menin Gate bears the names of 560 and the

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Thiepval Memorial the names of 830 South Africans missing in battle. Other graves exist in the Middle East. The South African Native Labour Corps (SANLC) was formed in 1916 and recruited some 25 000 men. These bore no arms but served in France, in supply and transport duties, mainly in the ports and on lines of communication as well as in the forward areas. Many men died of illness but the greatest tragedy was the sinking of the Mendi in 1917. Some 600 of the 800 officers and men being transported, were lost. These men are commemorated on the Hollybrook Memorial at Southampton. Another cemetery where SANLC men are buried is Arques-la-Bataille and there is also a memorial to all the dead SANLC men who died at this cemetery. A memorial has also been erected in Cape Town, but somewhat belatedly. Some 8 500 Commonwealth war dead are buried in South Africa. Most of them were South Africans or were serving with our forces. The rest were Commonwealth servicemen training in South Africa or were wounded from other theatres and brought here for treatment. They are buried in 600 cemeteries and burial grounds but mostly in the large cemeteries of the main cities or near the main military bases (Simon‘s Town or Pretoria) or in military cemeteries within South Africa. South African dead from the First World War are buried in military cemeteries in East Africa, Egypt, Libya and Italy – where our forces fought. The number of South African war dead buried in graves or commemorated on memorials maintained by the CWGC is 21 359 – 9 445 for the First World War and 11 914 for the Second World War. All of the cemeteries and memorials are kept in good order by the Commission (not only in South Africa, but the rest of the world as well). Johan‘s talk was supported by a large number of slides of various cemeteries and memorials, mostly in the battle areas of France and Flanders. If you have been fortunate enough to have visited these memorials to the Commonwealth and South African war dead in France, Italy, North or East Africa or elsewhere seen what these places represent, you will be reminded most graphically of the horror and futility and appalling cost of war and the waste of all those young lives squandered – in the prime of their life. The Vice-Chairman, Mr Alan Mountain, thanked our speaker for his fascinating and most comprehensive talk, and commented on the amount of research, which also involved travelling to many of the sites illustrated during his talk, and presented him with the customary gift. 

Members: In view of the upcoming centenary and commemoration of the First World War, the Cape Town branch chairman and secretary would like to start an information sheet in their spare time, exclusively dedicated to events and news relating the WWI centenary. If the response is positive enough, it can be realized, and even be sent out on a monthly basis along with the regular branch newsletter. We therefore kindly would like to ask members to please consider participating in our little ―project‖, and preserve all newspaper clippings 201

and magazine articles that relate to the event and pass it on to either the branch chairman or secretary. If it is something that you would like to keep yourself and not part with, at least make the article or document available so that it can be scanned so as to enable us to retain a facsimile in the planned WWI news archive. The original(s) will be duly returned to the rightful owner. The chairman, Johan van den Berg, can be contacted at phone numbers 021-939-7923 (home) or 082-579-0386 (cell). His email address is warbooks@mweb.co.za. The contact details of the secretary, Ray Hattingh, appear at the end of the newsletter. Your support and cooperation in this project would be highly appreciated.   Books The book Sporting Soldiers - South African Troops at Play during World War I by Prof. Floris van der Merwe is now on sale. Prof Van der Merwe has liaised with the chairman and will make copies available to be on sale to members at the next meeting of the Cape Town Branch. With the advent of the centenary of the First World War (WWI) in 2014, the timely appearance of ―Sporting Soldiers‖ will tie in nicely with the society‘s planned lecture series during the WWI centenary period It definitely will find a worthy niche in the ranks of the expected surge of centenary writing about WWI, and will certainly appeal to those interested in military history. “Professor Floris van der Merwe has a long professional career as an accomplished scholar of sport in history. “Sporting Soldiers” is his research in book form about sport in the British and South African Forces during World War One. His wonderful ability to evoke the social world of his historical subjects, using incidents and episodes to enable readers to relive the small enjoyments, frustrations and sporting triumphs of his subjects. Photographs, graphic representations and other visual imagery are used, that adds seamlessly to the narrative. The book comprehensively covers the Great War from a South African perspective, starting with the position of the Union of South Africa in the overall context of WWI. The chapter on South African prisoners of war is the first comprehensive coverage of this topic to be published. His incisive feel for the role of depressive forces, such as „Barbed-Wire Disease‟, social class, colonial identities and racial segregation for example, shows how his study covers more than just sport. It is clear how important sport and organised recreational activities were as a release from the stress and strain of war. With “Sporting Soldiers”, scholars and lay persons alike can learn more about it.” [Extract from a review by Prof W.R. ―Bill‖ Nasson of Stellenbosch University.] Price: R195,00  202



Forthcoming Meetings

13 FEBRUARY 2014: OPERATION DINGO: THE GREATEST BATTLE OF THE RHODESIAN BUSH WAR by Ian Pringle On 23 November 1977, an armada of helicopters and aeroplanes, carrying elite SAS and RLI troops, took off from Rhodesian airbases and crossed the border into Mozambique. Their objective was the headquarters of Robert Mugabe‘s Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA), the so-called Chimoio Complex in Mozambique, where thousands of insurgent forces were concentrated. Codenamed Operation Dingo, the raid was planned to coincide with a meeting of Robert Mugabe and his war council at the targeted HQ. It would be the biggest conflict of the Rhodesian Bush War. The successful execution of the operation, performed in the face of overwhelming odds, was based on split-second timing and the immaculate coordination of all arms, which was, all things considered, really meagre. The success of the operation exceeded the wildest of expectations of its planners and participants, but it was a gamble that could just as well have gone terribly wrong…….. Ian Pringle is the author of the book on the same subject, titled Dingo Firestorm: The Greatest Battle of the Rhodesian Bush War, published both overseas and locally. Our speaker is himself an accomplished aviator and well-known amongst the aviation fraternity for his involvement with flying the ex-RAF jets based at Thunder City, near Cape Town International Airport. 13 MARCH 2014: EMPIRE, WAR & CRICKET IN SOUTH AFRICA: LOGAN OF MATJIESFONTEIN by Dr. Dean Allen Cecil Rhodes is on record as saying he had only met two creators in South Africa, one being himself and the other James Douglas Logan. Born in Reston, Scotland in 1859, Logan emigrated to South Africa at the age of nineteen. Based upon years of research in South Africa and the United Kingdom, and using original archive material (including many unseen photographs) Dr Allen‘s fascinating talk is based upon his forthcoming book and explores how James Logan made his fortune in late nineteenth century South Africa through business, politics and a high profile association with the British Empire‘s favourite sport – cricket. James Logan became known as the ‗Laird of Matjiesfontein‘ after the Karoo town he had developed. This famous town is today a national heritage site and a popular tourist destination for South African and international visitors. This talk will explore how Matjiesfontein was created and how James Logan developed this little town in the Karoo into a renowned health resort attracting the rich and famous of the late nineteenth century. The talk will also explain how James Logan was instrumental in developing the game of cricket in South Africa and examine the controversial but little-known 1901 South African cricket tour to England – a venture funded by Logan himself in the midst of the Anglo-Boer War. Matjiesfontein‘s pivotal role in the war is explored alongside James Logan‘s exploits during this time. Dr Dean Allen is a native of Somerset in the West Country of England, and his long association with South Africa began in the mid-1990s when he began his studies at Stellenbosch University. Currently a lecturer in Sport Management at Cape Peninsula 203

University of Technology, Dean has taught at Universities in South Africa, Australia, Northern Ireland and England and is widely published in the areas of sports history and sociology. It was during research for his Master‘s Degree (that focused on Sport during the Anglo-Boer War) that Dean first visited Matjiesfontein and a fascination for the history of cricket and this region led to a PhD that was completed in 2008. His book Empire, War and Cricket in South Africa: Logan of Matjiesfontein will be published in February 2014 and is a result of that doctoral study. Professor Albert Grundlingh, Chair of History Department, Stellenbosch University, had the following to say about the book: It is more than just a sports history and also more than just a political history. Its strength is the way in which it melds the two to provide a new perspective on a turbulent South African past.

BOB BUSER: Treasurer/Asst. Scribe Phone: 021-689-1639 (Home) Email: bobbuser@webafrica.org.za

RAY HATTINGH: Secretary Phone: 021-592-1279 (Office) Email: ray@saarp.net

ANNEXURE “B”  IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA; GAUTENG DIVISION, PRETORIA CASE NUMBER: 10193/2014 DATE: 25 FEBRUARY 2014 REPORTABLE OF INTEREST TO OTHER JUDGES In the matter between: MULTICHOICE (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED First Applicant COMBINED ARTISTIC PRODUCTIONS CC Second Applicant PRIMEDIA BROADCASTING, A DIVISION OF PRIMEDIA (PTY) LTD Third Applicant AND THE NATIONAL PROSECUTING AUTHORITY OSCAR LEONARD PISTORIUS

First Respondent

Second Respondent

In re: THE STATE

(CASE NO: 13/25513)

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VS OSCAR LEONARD PISTORIUS AND IN RE: MEDIA 24 LIMITED (CASE NO: 10378/14) TIMES MEDIA GROUP LIMITED INDEPENDENT NEWS AND MEDIA LIMITED AND DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC PROSECUTIONS NORTH GAUTENG OSCAR LEONARD PISTORIUS E.Tv PTY LIMITED E.Sat PTY LIMITED Heard: 19 February 2014 Delivered:

25 February 2014

Application for broadcast permission of criminal trial – Contestation of Constitutional Rights – Right of Freedom of Expression – Right to a Fair Trial – Open Justice Principle - Balancing exercise of contesting rights – Court‘s discretionary power in terms of Section 173 of the Constitution – objective is to uphold Interests of Justice. Full audio and limited audio-visual and photography relief permitted.

Summary:

JUDGMENT MLAMBO, JP [1] The electronic, broadcast and print media have approached this Court to grant them permission to broadcast the entire criminal proceedings in the matter of The State vs Oscar Leonard Pistorius (Pistorius). They seek permission to do this through audio, audio-visual and photographic means. The matter brings into sharp focus the interface between the functioning of the criminal justice system on the one hand and the quest by the media and press to participate in that system on the other hand. This interface finds expression in a number of critical constitutional rights that are seemingly on a collision course with one another. These are the rights of an accused person and the prosecution to a fair trial on the one hand and the freedom of expression rights of the media as well as the open justice principle. The facts: [2] Pistorius is due to stand trial on a charge of murder arising from an incident that took place during the night of 14 February 2013, a date recognized by many as Valentine‘s Day. During this incident Ms Reeva Steenkamp (Steenkamp) lost her life. Steenkamp and Pistorius were involved in a romantic relationship. This trial is due to commence on 3 March 2014 in this Court. e.Tv and e.Sat (the e.Tv applicants) approached this court in August last year by way of notice of motion seeking permission to broadcast the entire criminal trial proceedings through audio-visual and/or alternatively audio means. At that stage the

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Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) as well as Pistorius opposed the relief sought. Later, other applicants filed applications similar to the e.Tv application, specifically representing the print and broadcast media. [3] The print media applicants sought the permission of this Court to install cameras in the trial court room to take still photographs of the entire proceedings. This application was similarly opposed by Pistorius. In the background there were discussions between all the applicants, the DPP and to some extent Pistorius seeking to strike a compromise position regarding the relief sought by the applicants and the stance adopted by the DPP and Pistorius. At that stage the broadcast media applicants had not filed papers even though they were involved in the discussions. These applicants filed their application on the eve of a meeting convened by the Deputy Judge President of this Court aimed at bringing all the parties together with a view to case managing and streamlining the matter. The broadcast media applicants pertinently sought the permission of the Court to televise the entire criminal trial proceedings. As a result of the ongoing discussions, the opposition by the DPP fell away after a compromise position was arrived at which the applicants were agreeable to. I will revert to this part of the matter later on in this judgment. Pistorius is not amenable to the compromise position arrived at and remains steadfastly opposed to the relief sought by the applicants. He is opposed to any form of coverage sought by the applicants. What is necessary at this early stage, however, is to dispose of an important housekeeping issue relating to the three applications before me regarding the consolidation of the print and broadcasting applications with the e.Tv application. That request is not opposed and in my view it is prudent that all the applications be consolidated and I hereby order this. [4] What all the applicants have set as their launching base for the relief they seek is in the first place the fact that Pistorius is a local and international icon and that Steenkamp was similarly placed. In their collective view the criminal trial proceedings, due to commence in a weekâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s time, have captured the attention and imagination of both the South African and international communities. Based on this it is their view that is in the public interest that the heightened attention focused on this matter be adequately accommodated through the means for which they seek permission, to record and inform these communities of the trial proceedings as exhaustively as possible. [5] Secondly, reference was made to the near chaotic situation that was experienced in the Magistrates Court of this city, when Pistorius applied for bail last year. It is common cause that during those proceedings the courtroom allocated for the bail proceedings was wholly inadequate and could not accommodate all the journalists and members of the public who showed up seeking to attend and cover the proceedings. It is also common cause that the media attention and coverage of the bail proceedings attracted journalists far beyond our borders. Those proceedings were in fact extensively covered by the print, broadcast and electronic media locally and internationally. The interest in the upcoming trial has remained very strong with international media houses sending scores of journalists to cover it. This background is relied on as a basis by the applicants to assert that it is in the public interest that they be granted permission to cover the trial with a view to informing all and sundry about it. Right of freedom of expression [6] The applicants have forthrightly asserted their right to freedom of expression which in their view justifies the permission they seek. The applicants also rely on the open justice principle for the pending criminal trial proceedings to receive as much publication as possible. Section 16 of the Constitution, in particular section 16(1)(a), guarantees everyone the freedom of expression which includes the freedom of the press and other media as well as the freedom to receive and/or disseminate information and ideas. Our Constitutional Court articulated the content of this right in , South African National Defence Union v Minister of Defence and Another in the following terms:

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“Freedom of expression lies at the heart of a democracy. It is valuable for many reasons, including its instrumental function as a guarantor of democracy, its implicit recognition and protection of the moral agency of individuals in our society and its facilitation of the search for truth by individuals and society generally. The Constitution recognises that individuals in our society need to be able to hear, form and express opinions and views freely on a wide range of matters.” [7] In a further articulation of the freedom of expression right the Constitutional Court in Khumalo and Others v Holomisa stressed the following with regard to the role played by the media in that regard: ―The print, broadcast and electronic media have a particular role in the protection of freedom of expression in our society. Every citizen has the right to freedom of the press and the media and the right to receive information and ideas. The media are key agents in ensuring that these aspects of the right to freedom of information are respected.‖ [8] Our Courts have also grappled with the issue of permitting the exercise and enjoyment of the freedom of expression right in court proceedings. A decision that comes to mind is Dotcom Trading 121 PTY Limited v King NO and others. The issue in that matter was whether to allow the audio broadcasting of the proceedings of the King Commission that was established to investigate match fixing in the sport of Cricket in this country. That Court expressed itself on this issue as follows: “It is almost self-evident in my view that the prohibition of the direct radio transmission of proceedings by a radio broadcaster constitutes a limitation on what is essential to the activities of the medium of communication. I have heard no argument and I can see no reason in logic why a limitation on what constitutes the very essence and distinguishing feature of the radio broadcasters‟ medium of communication does not constitute an infringement of the radio broadcasters‟ freedom which is enshrined in section 16(1)(a). It is not without reason, so it appears to me, that section 16(1)(a) of the Constitution does not limit its guarantee to the freedom of the press, but specifically extends this freedom to other media of communication and expression as well. Each of these media of communication and expression has its own distinguishing features and each of them can be limited in a different way. The video camera most probably provides the ultimate means of communication. But radio also has its advantages over the print media. Not only the words spoken, but the emphasis, the tone of voice, the hesitations, etcetera can be recorded and communicated. To prevent the radio broadcaster from recording the evidence is to deprive him of that advantage over the print media”. [9] In SA Broadcasting Corporation Ltd v Thatcher and Others the court was directly confronted with a request to broadcast criminal court proceedings. The court, after conducting an authoritative analysis of the legal landscape regarding this issue, locally and internationally, granted limited coverage stating that it had to “exercise its discretion to issue a just and equitable order while taking cognisance of its inherent power to regulate its own proceedings”. This involved balancing the right to privacy against the right of freedom of expression which, in the case of the media, translates into freedom of the press. [10] In addition to the Dotcom and Thatcher decisions, other courts have also grappled with the issue. The two Courts in this country whose decisions bind me have also spoken on this subject and I have derived valuable guidance from the decisions concerned. One such decision is from the Supreme Court of Appeal in South African Broadcasting Corporation Limited v Downer SC NO and others. In that matter the Supreme Court of Appeal considered and refused an application by the SABC to televise and sound record the appeal proceedings it was due to hear. This decision was taken on appeal to the Constitutional Court whose judgment is reported as South African Broadcasting Corporation Ltd v The National Director of Public Prosecutions. In its majority judgment our highest court whilst,

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confirming the SCA decision, explored the appropriate approaches to be followed by courts when considering applications of this nature. I will revert to these decisions shortly. [11] It must be stated that when considering the exercise of the media‘s freedom of expression right in the courtroom one has to confront the elephant in the room, that is the right to a fair trial which is invariably asserted against the former right as we see in the Thatcher and Downer decisions referred to earlier. It is that situation that confronts us in this matter. Whilst this may not have been so pronounced in the Dotcom matter, this clash of rights has featured prominently in the decisions of the SCA and the Constitutional Court and how the competing rights should be balanced. The right to a fair trial [12] Pistorius contends that the live broadcasting of his criminal trial, through audio (radio), audio-visual (television) and still photographic means, will infringe his right to a fair trial. His view is that the mere knowledge of the presence of audio visual equipment, especially cameras, will inhibit him as an individual as well as his witnesses when they give evidence. He has also asserted that his Counsel may also be inhibited in the questioning of witnesses and the presentation of his case. He further is of the view that covering his trial as is sought by the applicants will enable witnesses still to testify to fabricate and adapt their evidence based on their knowledge of what other witnesses have testified. In his view the requested broadcasting of his trial will have a direct bearing on the fairness of the trial and contends that should the relief be granted he will most certainly not enjoy a fair trial. [13] Our Constitutional Court has been vocal regarding the protection of the right to a fair trial. Indeed any accused person who appears in a court of law facing any charge has the constitutionally guaranteed right to a fair trial, which includes the foundational values of dignity, freedom and equality which are central to a fair trial. In this regard the Constitutional Court in S v Dzukuda and Others; S v Tshilo confirmed that the right to a fair trial is ―…a comprehensive right and embraces a concept of substantive fairness …‖ and that ―at the heart of the right to a fair criminal trial and what infuses its purpose is for justice to be done and also to be seen to be done.‖ Interest of Justice [14] There is therefore a clear contestation of rights in this matter. In resolving that contestation section 173 of the Constitution enjoins me in whatever I do to ensure that the interests of justice are upheld. That section provides that “The Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court of Appeal and the High Court of South Africa each has the inherent power to protect and regulate their own process, and to develop the common law, taking into account the interests of justice”. [15] It is inevitable therefore that as any court goes about in exercising its power in terms of section 173, it must engage in a balancing exercise especially, as we have here, it deals with a number of competing rights, to ensure that the interests of justice are safeguarded. In the South African Broadcasting Corporation Limited vs Downer SC matter the Supreme Court of Appeal articulated the necessary balancing exercise in the following terms: “The very issue here is whether that right should prevail at the expense of the respondents‟ competing constitutional rights. To obtain the answer requires us to undertake a balancing exercise in which the rival rights are weighed up against each other after having regard, in the process, to the particular facts of the case. Implementation of the required balancing exercise is facilitated by the existence of section 173 of the Constitution which declares this Courts inherent power to regulate its own process.” And further “the interest of justice will naturally encompass the requirements of section 34 and 35(3) but in addition the court is empowered to decide how best the parties competing rights can be accommodated.‖

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[16] The Constitutional Court has also given guidance to courts in general on how to go about when considering applications of this nature and upon the exercise of their powers under section 173. In South African Broadcasting Corporation v The National Director of Public Prosecutions the Constitutional Court confirmed that section 173 affirms the impartiality and independence of the courts especially in the regard that the section recognizes the inherent power of the courts to regulate and protect their own processes. The court further confirmed that in the exercise of the inherent power in section 173 the courts must ensure that primarily their proceedings are fair. The overarching objective of any court in the exercise of its power in terms of section 173 is that the court must take into account the interests of justice. Of particular importance is what the court said in paragraph 37 that: “When courts exercise the power to regulate their own process it is inevitable that that power will affect rights entrenched in chapter 2 of the Constitution. A Court must regulate the way proceedings are conducted and this will inevitably affect both the right to a fair trial (section 35 of the Constitution) and the right to have disputes resolved by courts (section 34). Courts are bound by the provisions of the Bill of Rights and therefore bear a duty to respect those rights. In exercising the power, therefore, they must take care to ensure that those rights are not unjustifiably attenuated‖. [17] The phrase interests of justice does not only relate to an accused person‘s right to a fair trial but also to the prosecutions right to the same right as well as that other interested persons rights in the same proceedings should also be promoted. In S vDlamini; S v Dladla and Others; S v Joubert; S v Schietekat, Kriegler J described the phrase as ‗a useful term denoting in broad and evocative language a value judgment of what would be fair and just to all concerned‘. As part of this court‘s effort to regulate it‘s processes a practice directive was also issued some time ago to regulate matters of this nature. The balancing exercise that courts must undertake is related to how and to what extent does the court allow the enjoyment of each right asserted. Balancing exercise [18] The right to a fair trial asserted by Pistorius suggests that the freedom of expression rights to which the applicants lay claim should be attenuated and that the open justice principle should necessarily suffer the same fate. It is inevitable that in the exercise of the balancing act as well as the power found in section 173, the rights at issue in this matter will inevitably be limited in one way or the other. The approach to ensuring that each right finds expression and the extent thereof was in my view clearly articulated by the Supreme Court of Appeal in the matter of Midi Television Pty Limited v Director of Public Prosecutions (Western Cape) in par 9 to the following effect: ―Where constitutional rights themselves have the potential to be mutually limiting – in that the full enjoyment of one necessarily curtails the full enjoyment of another and vice versa – a court must necessarily reconcile them. They cannot be reconciled by purporting to weigh the value of one right against the value of the other and then preferring the right that is considered to be more valued, and jettisoning the other, because all protected rights have equal value. They are rather to be reconciled by recognising a limitation upon the exercise of one right to the extent that it is necessary to do so in order to accommodate the exercise of the other (or in some cases, by recognising an appropriate limitation upon the exercise of both rights) according to what is required by the particular circumstances and within the constraints that are imposed by s 36”. [19] It is this test that I have employed in considering the applications and the rights asserted by the protagonists before me. My point of departure is to ensure that each of the rights asserted find proper expression and enjoyment without being unduly limited. In oral argument before me I was directed to the different forms of coverage sought i.e. audiovisual, audio and still photography. What is clear however when one considers the opposing representations filed on behalf of Pistorius is that whilst the focal point of his opposition is

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directed at the live audio-visual coverage of the criminal proceedings, his opposition to the audio and still photography coverage of the trial requires further attention. In keeping with the approach suggested by the Supreme Court of Appeal, in Downer , it is not open for me to look at the value of each right and disqualify it in favour of another. My task is to look at each right at stake and permit its enjoyment to achieve the objective for which it is asserted. In this regard the freedom of expression right, which itself is not immune from limitation, goes a long way into complementing the open justice principle that is relevant in the context of this matter and also requires articulation in my decision. When considering the freedom of expression right in so far as it relates to the audio-visual request, in particular, the cautionary injunction that was mentioned by the Constitutional Court in South African Broadcasting Corporation Limited vs The National Director of Public Prosecutions must not be lost sight off. I have in this regard what that court said in par 68 to the effect that: ―Before turning to the question of the order, we consider it helpful to set out some considerations which in our view need to be taken into account in the future when the question of televising court proceedings is raised. The time has come for courts to embrace the principle of open justice and all it implies. However, in our view, it should be borne in mind that the electronic media create some special difficulties for the principle of open justice. Broadcasting, whether by television or radio, has the potential to distort the character of the proceedings. This can happen in two ways: first, by the intense impact that television, in particular, has on the viewer in comparison to the print media; and second, the potential for the editing of court proceedings to convey an inaccurate reflection of what actually happened. This is particularly dangerous given that visual and audio recordings can be edited in a manner that does not disclose the fact of editing. This distorting effect needs to be guarded against. It arises not so much from the presence of cameras and microphones interfering with the court proceedings themselves. But more dangerously, it may arise from the manner in which coverage can be manipulated, often unwittingly, to produce communications which may undermine rather than support public education on the workings of the court and may also undermine the fairness of the trial. Such distortions are much more likely to arise from edited highlights packages than from full live broadcasts.” [20] It is also instructive not to forget that the Constitutional Court itself mentioned that in exercising the power in section 173; especially to uphold the interests of justice; both accuracy and balance are necessary to ensure this. Furthermore it is necessary to keep in mind that in the open democratic society envisaged by our Constitution and ―in which the public have a right of access to the workings of the judicial system‖, the issue is not whether the electronic, broadcast or print media - should be allowed to cover court proceedings, ―but how guarantees can be put in place to ensure that the public is indeed well informed about how the courts function‖ when dealing with proceedings before them. [21] I am not persuaded that the objection by Pistorius to the coverage of his pending criminal trial should be jettisoned to the extent he suggests. I have found merit in the argument on behalf of the applicants that acceding to the objection by Pistorius fully will perpetuate the situation that only a small segment of the community is able to be kept informed about what happens in court rooms because of this minority‘s access to tools such as Twitter. Acceding to that argument will also perpetuate the reality that the community at large remains dependent for news on what happens in the court room from the summarised versions of the journalists and reporters who follow these proceedings. These summarised versions or accounts have, in my view, been correctly categorized as second hand, liable to be inaccurate as they also depend on the understanding and views of the reporter or journalist covering the proceedings The principle of open justice [22] My views to the objections raised by Pistorius find support in the open justice principle. Acceding to the objection in their entirety will surely jettison the noble objectives of the principle of open justice when one takes cognizance of our development in the

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democratic path. At this day and age I cannot countenance a stance that seeks to entrench the workings of the justice system away from the public domain. Court proceedings are in fact public and this objective must be recognized. [23] Our Constitution is underpinned by a number of values and for purposes of this case I refer to openness and accountability. In this regard it is also important to take cognizance of the fact that sections 34 and 35(3)C) make it very clear that even criminal proceedings in this country are to be public. The basis for this is that courts of law exercise public power over citizens and for this it is important that proceedings be open as this encourages public understanding as well as accountability. Perhaps the clearest endorsement of the open justice principle is by the Constitutional Court in S v Mamabolo where it was stated: “Since time immemorial and in many divergent cultures it has been accepted that the business of adjudication concerns not only the immediate litigants but is a matter of public concern which, for its credibility, is done in the open where all can see. Of course this openness seeks to ensure that the citizenry know what is happening, such knowledge in turn being a means towards the next objective: so that the people can discuss, endorse, criticize, applaud or castigate the conduct of their courts. And, ultimately, such free and frank debate about judicial proceedings serves more than one vital public purpose. Self-evidently such informed and vocal public scrutiny promotes impartiality, accessibility and effectiveness, three of the important attributes prescribed for the judiciary by the Constitution”. [24] It is also worth our while to take cognizance of what the House of Lords has said in this regard in the matter of McCartan Turkington Breen (A Firm) v Times News Papers Limited to the effect that “In a modern, developed society it is only a small minority of citizens who can participate directly in the discussions and decisions which shape the public life of that society …. The majority cannot participate in the public life of their society … if they are not alerted to and informed about matters which call or may call for consideration in action. It is very largely through the media … that they will be so alerted and informed. The proper functioning of a modern participatory democracy requires that the media be free, active, profession and inquiring”. [25] In balancing the competing rights at stake it is my view that the objection by Pistorius regarding the audio-visual recording as well as the still photography of him and his witnesses should not be taken lightly. It was argued on his behalf forthrightly that the inhibitory effect of audio-visual recording equipment, in particular the knowledge and awareness thereof by himself and his witnesses, will be great when they give their evidence. This potential was recognized by our highest court in the SABC vs NDPP. For this reason I am of the view that the audio-visual or televising and still photography of Pistorius and his witnesses when they testify be disallowed as this has the potential to deprive him of a fair trial on the grounds spelt out in argument on his behalf. I am persuaded that there is merit in his fears and that of his witnesses that they may be disabled somewhat in giving evidence. [26] On the other hand audio coverage in my view does not carry the same inhibitory or intrusive potential as the audio-visual form of coverage. In my view whilst there may be no visual image of Pistorius and his witnesses as they testify they should however be heard on radio. I am fortified in my view by what the Constitutional Court said in SABC v NDPP that : “It might well be considered advisable to start with coverage on a trial basis” and in footnote 60 the following is relevant : “A further factor that might be considered is whether or not to start purely with radio coverage. Although print, radio and television are all instruments of the media, each presents its own possibilities and each carries its own dangers for inappropriate use. Radio is, accordingly, less amenable to being used in such a way as to risk misrepresentation and misunderstanding than is television.‖

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[27] I have further considered the extensive interest that the pending criminal trial has evoked in the local and international communities as well as in media circles. My view is that it is in the public interest that, within allowable limits, the goings on during the trial be covered as I have come to decide to ensure that a greater number of persons in the community who have an interest in the matter but who are unable to attend these proceedings due to geographical constrains to name just one, are able to follow the proceedings wherever they may be. Moreover, in a country like ours where democracy is still somewhat young and the perceptions that continue to persist in the larger section of South African society, particularly those who are poor and who have found it difficult to access the justice system, that they should have a first-hand account of the proceedings involving a local and international icon. I have taken judicial notice of the fact that part of the perception that I allude to is the fact that the justice system is still perceived as treating the rich and famous with kid cloves whilst being harsh on the poor and vulnerable. Enabling a larger South African society to follow first-hand the criminal proceedings which involve a celebrity, so to speak, will go a long way into dispelling these negative and unfounded perceptions about the justice system, and will inform and educate society regarding the conduct of criminal proceedings. [28] I must hasten to mention that the decision I have come to should be embraced with the objective I have spelt out in this judgment. I mention this as it has come to my attention that there are media houses that intend to establish 24 hour channels dedicated to the trial only and that panels of legal experts and retired judges may be assembled to discuss and analyse the proceedings as they unfold. Because of these intentions, it behoves me to reiterate that there is only one court that will have the duty to analyse and pass judgment in this matter. The so-called trial by media inclinations cannot be in the interest of justice as required in this matter and have the potential to seriously undermine the court proceedings that will soon start as well as the administration of justice in general. [29] Despite the order that I have arrived at it must be understood that the presiding judge over the criminal trial retains the ultimate discretion during the trial regarding aspects of the relief granted in this matter which may require her attention as the trial unfolds.

Order [30] I have also considered the compromise position mentioned earlier, reached by all applicants with the DPP. In the circumstances the following order is granted: 1. The applicants, MultiChoice and Primedia, or their authorized representatives, are permitted to set up equipment in accordance with the specifications below to obtain a video and audio recording and/or transmission of the permitted portions (as indicated in 3 and 4 below) of the criminal trial of Oscar Leonard Pistorius under case number 13/25513 (―the trial‖). Technical specifications 2. The equipment shall comply with the following specifications: 2.1 three cameras, as depicted in annexure A (―the cameras‖), shall be installed in the courtroom where the trial is to take place, at least 72 hours before the trial commences; 2.2 the cameras shall be installed in locations in the courtroom which are as unobtrusive as possible, and so that the proceedings are not interfered with. The locations of the cameras shall be substantially in the areas of the courtroom indicated in annexure B; 2.3 the cameras shall be remotely controlled from a control room and no camera personnel are permitted to be present in the courtroom to operate the cameras during the trial; 2.4 the cameras must be pre-set to ensure that no extreme close-ups of any witness, legal representatives, the presiding judge, or any person in attendance at the trial, takes place;

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2.5 the equipment is not permitted to record in any manner any confidential communication between legal representatives or between clients and their legal representatives, or any bench discussions (between the judge and any lay assessors that may be appointed). The presiding judge shall specifically direct when recording should start and when should they stop; 2.6 the equipment shall be deactivated so that no recording whatsoever can take place while the court is not in session, including any breaks (such as lunch and tea breaks), and during the time before the court is in session and after the judge has adjourned the trial at the end of each day; 2.7 the cameras shall not be accompanied by any ―movie lights‖, flash attachments or artificial lighting devices and no visible or audible light or signal is permitted; 2.8 MultiChoice and Primedia may install their own audio-recording system provided that this is unobtrusive and does not interfere with the proceedings; 2.9 The Judge President and/or the Deputy Judge President and/or the presiding judge and/or the Court Manager may visit the control room to check how the recorded images would appear on the Television screens when broadcast and to give directions regarding the images to be broadcast to avoid ―extreme close up images‖. The portions of the trial that may be recorded and broadcast 3. MultiChoice and Primedia are permitted to broadcast the audio recording of the entire trial in live transmissions, delayed broadcasts and/or extracts of the proceedings. 4. MultiChoice and Primedia are permitted to broadcast the audio-visual recording of the following portions of the trial only, in live transmissions, delayed broadcasts and/or extracts from the proceedings: 4.1 Opening argument of the state and accused; 4.2 Any interlocutory applications during the trial; 4.3 The evidence of all experts called to give evidence for the state, excluding evidence of the accused and his witnesses; 4.4 The evidence of any police officer or former police officer in relation to the crime scene; 4.5 The evidence of all other witnesses for the state unless such a witness does not consent to such recording and broadcasting and the presiding judge rules that no such recording and broadcasting can take place; 4.6 Closing argument of the state and the accused; 4.7 Delivery of the judgment on the merits; and 4.8 Delivery of the judgment on sentence, if applicable. 5. The Media 24 applicants or their authorized representatives are granted permission to set up equipment to obtain still photography of the trial, subject to the following conditions: 5.1 Two still photography cameras will be fixed at locations within the courtroom. These will be used for purposes of taking and publishing still photographs of the court proceedings during the trial, subject to the provisions set out below; 5.2 The cameras shall be installed in locations in the courtroom which are as unobtrusive as possible, and so that the proceedings are not interfered with; 5.3 Each of the cameras shall be controlled by one of the applicants‘ representatives, who will at all times remain behind the cameras while court is in process; 5.4 The aforesaid cameras may not be moved while the Court is in session, and no changes of lenses or film shall be permitted while the Court is in session. 5.5 No extreme close-up photographs of any witness, legal representative, the presiding judge, or any person in attendance at the trial shall be taken; 5.6 Flash photographs shall not be permitted; 5.7 No artificial lighting devices and/or visible or audible light or signal shall be permitted; 5.8 No cabling for the cameras on the floor of the court shall be permitted; 5.9 No identifying names, marks, logos or symbols may be used on any equipment or clothing worn by the representatives of the applicants; 5.10 The Media 24 applicants are permitted to take still photographs during the entire trial, excluding the accused and his witnesses when they testify, provided that witnesses other

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than expert witnesses for the state or police officers or former police officers who testify at the trial; 5.11 may object to being photographed whilst giving evidence and if the presiding Judge rules that such witness may not be photographed whilst giving evidence, the applicants shall refrain from doing so; alternatively 5.12 may subject his or her consent to reasonable conditions, including that his or her face be obscured in any photograph published or that only wide-angle photographs of him or her be allowed, meaning photographs that include not only the witness but as much of the physical surrounds of the courtroom as is technically possible. 6. Any witness whose testimony is to be broadcast in audio-visual form may subject his or her consent to such broadcast to reasonable conditions (which shall be communicated to MultiChoice and Primedia or their representatives by the state including: 6.1 The broadcasting of the evidence from behind with the face of the witness obscured from public view; 6.2 The broadcasting of the evidence from the front but with the face of the witness obscured from public view; 6.3 The broadcasting of the evidence only by way of a ―wide shot‖, i.e the central camera placed at the back of the courtroom would depict the entire courtroom with the judge at the center of the image and the witness only visible in the background; 6.4 The Presiding Judge may on good cause withdraw the permission and/or change the conditions set out above. 7. Objections by witnesses to the audio-visual recording and the still photographing of their evidence shall be in writing and will be served on the Prosecution and the accused‘s attorney and be delivered to the Office of the Deputy Judge President at least 24 hours before the testimony of the said witness to avoid delaying the trial. The Deputy Judge President shall first deal with the said objections in chambers and if same cannot be resolved, the presiding judge shall make a final ruling on the issues after hearing the parties. 8. Notwithstanding the above, the presiding judge shall retain a discretion to direct that, in the event that it becomes apparent that the presence of the cameras or the recording and/or transmitting and/or broadcasting is impeding a particular witness‘s right to privacy, dignity and/or the accused‘s right to a fair trial, MultiChoice and Primedia and the print Media 24 applicants will be directed to cease recording and/or transmitting and/or broadcasting and/or photographing of the testimony. 9. The MultiChoice and Primedia and the Media 24 Applicants are directed to make the feed from the authorized broadcasts and still photograph referred to above available free of charge to the e.Tv applicants and any other broadcaster and/or media organization in ―clean‖ form, that is free of any logos. 10. There is no order as to costs. D MLAMBO JUDGE PRESIDENT, GAUTENG DIVISION OF THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA, PRETORIA Representation for the Multichoice and Primedia applicants: Counsel

Adv F Snyckers

Instructed by Attorneys: Webber Wentzel Attorneys (Ref: Dario Milo/2461431) Representation for the Media 24 applicants: Counsel

Adv N Ferreira Adv N Muvangwa

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Instructed by Attorneys: Willem de Klerk Attorneys (Ref Willem de Klerk/M24/A/032) Representation for the e.Tv applicants:

Counsel

Adv S Budlender

Instructed by Attorneys: Rosin Wright Rosengarten Attorneys (Ref: D Rosengarten) Representation for 1st respondent State Attorney, Pretoria (Ref: 7221/2013/z64/jb Representation for 2nd respondent Counsel

Adv B Roux SC

Instructed by

Ramsay Webber Attorneys (Ref: Brian Webber/gm/P165399)

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