120
GLOBAL HECTARES (in millions)
100
Figure 5. Philippines Total Ecological Footprint of consumption by land type CARBON FISHING GROUND
80
CROP LAND BUILT-UP LAND FOREST LAND
60
GRAzING LAND
40 20 0 1961 1964
120
GLOBAL HECTARES (in millions)
100
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Cropland consists of areas used to produce food and fiber for human consumption, feed for livestock, oil crops and rubber.
Figure 6. Philippines Total biocapacity by land type FISHING GROUND CROP LAND
Forest land is used to produce timber, pulp and fire wood, or to absorb CO2 emissions from fossil fuel (these are two mutually exclusive uses).
BUILT-UP LAND
80
FOREST LAND GRAZING LAND
60 40 20 0 1961 1964
33
1968
The Ecological Footprint includes demand on six land use types that are calculated separately. Biocapacity includes five of these land types because forest areas offer two services: Absorption of carbon and generation of forest products. Since current land-use accounts do not distinguish the purposes for which forests are used, we only report one forest biocapacity category. These five biocapacity land types account for the vast majority of the portion of the Earth’s surface that is biologically productive in terms of human demand.
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
This is the only waste tracked in the Ecological Footprint. Built-up land includes biologically productive areas covered by human infrastructure. Since the area is considered fully occupied by infrastructure, and thus not available for other use, the Ecological Footprint and biocapacity of built-up land are always equal. These six land types are converted into a common unit, the global hectare (gha), by applying equivalence factors and yield factors. Equivalence factors adjust for the inherent differences in the biological productivities of the various area types. Yields factors take account of the national differences in yields within any given land area type (for example, cropland in a wet area may be much more productive than in a dry area).
Grazing land refers to grassland areas that can be used to feed livestock. Fishing grounds are high productivity continental shelf or inland waters used to harvest fish. Carbon Footprint land is the forest area required to absorb carbon emissions caused by human activity. 34