ETHIOPIA YEMEN
e Blu
SUDAN DAN
ERITREA
e Nil
Lake Tana
DJIBOUTI
Dessè
Addis Ababa
E
Y
Gulf of Aden
T
he Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia occupies 110.4 million hectares. Of those, 13.0 million hectares are forest, 13.9 million cropland and 64.7 million grazing land, with 2.3 million hectares supporting its built infrastructure. Landlocked Ethiopia has 10.4 million hectares of inland water. Adjusting for its cropland, forest and fishery yields, which are lower than corresponding global averages, and its grazing land yield, which is higher, Ethiopia has a biocapacity of 77.8 million global hectares (gha). This is less than its total Ecological Footprint of 104.7 million gha. Eritrea and Ethiopia were united
ETHIOPIA 0
Biocapacity
Ecological Footprint
Total global hectares (thousands)
77,431,000 6,475,634,000
800 KILOMETERS
to form the People’s Democratic Republic of Ethiopia from 1962 until 1993, when the UN first began reporting data for Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Ethiopia has operated with an ecological deficit since 1993. Ethiopia’s average Ecological Footprint per person is 1.35 gha, smaller than both the world average Footprint and the amount of biocapacity available per person on the planet. However, it is larger than the 1.0 gha of biocapacity available per person within Ethiopia. As its population grew from 56.4 million to 77.4 million between 1993 and 2005, biocapacity per person in Ethiopia decreased 23 percent.
Sources: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Statistical databases, 2008a,b,c; Global Agro- Ecological Zones, 2008; Global Land Cover, 2000.
46 | FOOTPRINT FACTBOOK | AFRICA 2009
Ecological Footprint 104,678 17,443,626
Biocapacity
Global hectares per person
77,755 13,360,955
1.35 2.7
1.00 2.1
Sources: Global Footprint Network, National Footprint Accounts, 2008 Edition; Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). PopSTAT, 2005.
A V R
I F T
Jima
Population Ethiopia World
Dirè Dawa Hãrer
L
L
Table 10.1. Ecological Footprint, Economy and Human Development (2005)
GDP (USD) ECONOMIC QUINTILE (2001) Percentage share of income
Total (billions) 12.3
Per person (PPP) 581
Highest
Fourth
Third
Second
Lowest
39.4
21.5
16.8
13.2
9.1
Sources: UNDP, 2005. Human Development Report, 2007; The World Bank; World Development Indicators database, 2007; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Beyond 20/20 Web Data Server, 2006.
Ethiopia
Female
Human Development Index Value (0=min. 1=max.)
0.406
–
Adult Literacy Rate (percent adults over 18) Gross Enrollment Ratio (percent eligible students enrolled)
35.9
Irrigated Cropland (percent of total, 2000) Access to Improved Water (percent of population, 2002)
2.7 22 15 33
22.8 36 –
Domestic Electrification (percent of population, 2000) Undernourishment (percent of population, 2000) Life Expectancy (years)
41.6
51.8
– – – 53.1
Male – 50.0 47 – – – – 50.5
Sources: UNDP, 2005.Human Development Report, 2007; The World Bank. World Development Indicators database, 2007; International Energy Agency (IEA). 2002. World Energy Outlook.