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Grammar in Use ñ Explain the task. Ss answer individually. ñ Ss compare answers with a partner.
Focus ➤ Forming sentences using the passive ñ Explain the task. ñ Ss answer individually. ñ Check Ss’ answers around the class.
Answer Key personal passive construction: subject + passive verb + to infinitive (e.g. She is thought to be very ill)
Answer Key 2 He hates to be kept waiting. 3 Parking is not allowed. 4 Something needs to be done immediately. 5 I want to be left alone. 6 The Mayor has been shot. 7 She was not invited. 8 No, thanks. I am being served. 9 It may have been sent to the wrong address. 10 A cinema complex will have been built (there) by next May.
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impersonal passive construction: it + passive verb + finite clause (e.g. It is thought that she is very ill) 2 The doctor is reported to have made a mistake with the diagnosis. It is reported that the doctor made a mistake with the diagnosis. 3 The tsunami is expected to hit at 8 am. It is expected that the tsunami will hit at 8 am. 4 She is known to have a difficult character. It is known that she has a difficult character. 5 A monster is said to live in a lake in Scotland. It is said that a monster lives in a like in Scotland. 6 Andrea is believed to have been treated very badly. It is believed that Andrea was treated very badly. 7 The number of cases of asthma is thought to be rising. It is thought that the number of cases of asthma is rising.
Focus ➤ Changing a text into the passive ñ Explain the task. ñ Ss write their answers individually. ñ Check Ss’ answers. Answer Key An unusual way of predicting earthquakes has been discovered by scientists in China – snakes! Snakes at local snake farms are being observed (by experts) to see if their behaviour changes before an earthquake. Cameras are linked to a broadband Internet connection (by scientists). It is believed that earthquakes from 120 km away can be sensed (by snakes), three to four days before they happen. Their nests are abandoned or even walls are smashed into to escape. Because China is struck frequently (by earthquakes), a reliable method of predicting them must be found (by scientists) to avoid the terrible injury and loss of life that is caused (by them/earthquakes).
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Focus ➤ Understanding personal and impersonal passive constructions ñ Read through the table with Ss and elicit how personal and impersonal passive constructions are formed.
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Focus ➤ Understanding the causative form ñ Focus Ss’ attention on pictures 1 and 2 and write sentences a and b on the board. Elicit from Ss which means that someone is doing something for someone else (sentence b). Explain that this is called the causative form. Underline its structure. ñ Ss match the sentences and the pictures. ñ As an extension activity, ask Ss to write 2 similar sentences of their own with pictures for their partner to match.