Grammar in Use ñ Write up the following examples. Ask Ss to say which is defining (sentence 1) and nondefining (sentence 2): The woman who lives at number 14 has been arrested. Mr Jenkins, who is very friendly, lives near the park. ñ Draw Ss’ attention to the commas in sentence 2. ñ Draw Ss’ attention to the Grammar Reference section and the different types of relative pronouns and adverbs. ñ Ss complete the task individually. ñ Check Ss’ answers. Answer Key 1 Buckingham Palace, where the royal family live, is a popular tourist attraction in London. (non-defining) 2 Jenny, whose brother is in my class, won the beauty contest. (non-defining) 3 The boys who were sitting behind us are in the same class as me. (defining) 4 The suit (that/which) he wore to the party was very expensive. (defining) 5 People who dress smartly make a good impression. (defining) 6 London, which has a population of over 7 million, is a multi-cultural city. (nondefining) 7 The woman who just entered the room is our new teacher. (defining) 8 The office where my mother works is in the centre of the city. (defining) The relative pronoun/adverb could be omitted in sentence 4. Who, which, where and that can be omitted when they are the object of a relative clause.
Answer Key 1 who 2 which 3 where 3
4 when 5 who 6 which
2c
7 whose
Focus ➤ Understanding clauses of purpose ñ Select 5 Ss to read the sentences. ñ Ask Ss to say which words express purpose. Answer Key 1 so 3 in case 2 to 4 with a view to
4 a)
5 for
Focus ➤ Practising clauses of purpose ñ ñ ñ ñ
Direct Ss’ attention to the words in brackets. Explain the task. Ss complete the task individually. Check answers with the class.
Answer Key 2 He’s going to bed early so that he won’t be tired tomorrow. 3 He is whispering so as not to wake his brother up. 4 We’re trying to save up some money with a view to buying a house. 5 These are nail clippers for cutting toenails.
b)
Focus ➤ Consolidating clauses of purpose ñ Draw Ss’ attention to the fact that there are many ways of expressing purpose which have the same meaning. ñ Read out the example sentences. ñ Ss work in pairs to complete the task. ñ Invite some pairs to read out their sentences to the class.
Whose is never omitted.
b)
Focus ➤ Completing a text using relative pronouns and adverbs
ñ Explain the task. Ss work individually to fill in the gaps. ñ Ss compare answers with a partner.
Suggested Answer Key 2 He’s going to bed early so as not to be tired tomorrow. 3 He is whispering so that he won’t wake his brother up. 4 We’re trying to save up some money so that we can buy a house. 5 These are nail clippers to cut toenails. etc
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