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fhyk; KjNy ,Ue;JtUfpwJ. Mdhy; fpilj;Js;s rpj;ju; ghly; kuG mjdpYk; ghu;f;f rw;Wg; gpe;jpajhfNt fhzg;gLfpwJ. gpukzPak; rhuhj gpujhd Mjpdk; Md ju;kGu Mjpdk; jpU %yiuNa ,g; Nghf;fpd; gpjhkfuhff; nfhs;Sk;. rpj;ju; ghly;fs; gw;wpa Ma;T ,yf;fpa epiyf;F mg;ghNy nfhz;L nry;ygl;L xl;L nkhj;jkhd ,e;jpa nka;apaw; rpe;jid kugpd; Xu; mq;fkhfNth ghu;f; fg;gLtjpy;iy. cz;ikapy; ek;kpilNa ,d;Dk; jhd; rpj;ju; ghly;fs; gw;wpa mfNtWghl;L Ma;Tfs; Njhdwpajpy;iy fhkpy; Rntygpy; vOjpa The poets of Power (London) vd;w E}y; ey;y mwpKfkhFk;. rpj;ju; ghly;fs; ahTNk xNu gz;gpd; ghw;gl;lit vd; epr;rakhf $w Kbahtpl;lhYk; mit ngUk;ghYk; jkpo; ehl;bd; cj;jpNahf G+u;tkhd Nfhapw;gz;ghl;il (muz;kid> Myak;) epuhfupj;jit vdf; nfhs;syhk;. Mdhy; mit Mj;khitNah Md;k capu;g; igNah epuhfupj;jitahff; nfhs;s KbahJ. Mdhy; mNj Ntisapy; Md; kPfk; vd;gJ tho;Tf;F mg;ghw;gl;l njhd;whfNth me;j tho;Tyif epuh fupg;gjhfNth mikatpy;iy vd;gJk; cz;ikahFk;. ,t;thW Nehf;Fk; NghJgf;jpg;ghly;fspd; MdpkPfj; jd;ikapd; Mzp Ntuhd Xu; mk;rj;ijf; Fwpg;gply; Ntz;Lk;. mJ flTis> topgLnja;tj;ij Ms;epiyg;ghLj;jp (personalize) $WtjhfNtAs;sJ. mjhtJ gf;jpapd; Md;kPfk; khDlj;Jf;FFs;NsNa ikaq;nfhz;L epw;fpwJ vd;gJ GydhFk;. ,Jtiu $wpa kuGfis tpl ,d;Dk; ,uz;L Kf;fpa jkpo;r; rpe;jid kuGfs; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gply; Ntz;Lk;. 1. rkz> ngsj;j> Mrptf topahf tUfpd;w epiyg;ghLfs; MFk;. ,tw;wpDs; Mrptfk; gw;wpa NghjpasT mwpT ek;kpilNa ,y;iy. (Mrptfk; gw;wp A Short history of A Jivikas vd;w E}iyg; ghu;f;fTk;) fp.gp. 600f;F Kd; Fwpg;ghfj; jkpo;ehl;by; kj;jpa gFjp fspy; NfhaKj;J}u; Kjy; fd;dpahFkup KidtiuAs;s gFjpfspy; rkzhNk Kjd;ik ngw;wpUe;jJ. ngsj;jk; fpof;Ff; flw;fiuaNahuj;jpy; Nkd;idg; gl;bUf;fyhk;. jkpo;ehl;bd; ,yf;fpa ikaq;fs; rkzj;jpd; nry;thf;F cl;gl;lik Nghd;W ngsj;jj;Jf;F cl;gltpy;iy. ,jdhy; ,d;W ehk; nfhs;Sfpd;w mwE}y;fs; vd;gdtw;Ws;
gy rkzr; rhu;G ciladthfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wd. itjPfr; rhu;GiladTk; E}y; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. rkzg;gs;spfd; fhuzkhf ,e;j mwg; Nghjidg; ghly;fs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;wpUf;fyhk;. kzpNkfitia thrpf;Fk; NghJ gy epiyg;gl;l kjepiy tpthjpg;Gf;Fs; jkpo;ehl;by; epyTs;sikiaf; fhzyhk;. kzpNkfiyapd; fhyk; Vwj;jho fp.gp.550 MFk;. kzpNkfiyapd; kjtpthjpg;Gf;fis Nehf;Fk; NghJ jkpo; nkhopapd; gz;ghl;Lj; jsk; gw;wpa xU Kf;fpa cz;ik ed;F njupatUfpwJ. mjhtJ xd;Wf;nfhd;W Kuz;gl;l kj nka;apaw; fUj;Jf;fis jkpopw; Gyikj; njspTld; vLj;J $Wtjw;fhd nrhw;fQ;rpa kuG xd;W ,Ue;jnjd;gJ Gydhfpd;wJ. fp.gp 600-900 f; fhyg;gFjpapy; irtk;> itztk; jkpioj; jkjhff; fhl;Lk; Kw;rpapy; <Lgl;bUe;jdntdpDk; njhlu;e;Jk; mitjPf kjq;fs; jkpopy; vOjg;gl;bUe;jjhy; Ntz;Lnkd;gJ Vwj;jho 13k; E}w;whz;ilr; rhu;e;j rptQhdrpj;jpau; gugf;fj;jpypUe;J njupa tUfpwJ. ,t;tplj;jpy; jkpo; ehl;bd; kjg;Gtpaw; fUj;njhd;wpid Fwpg;gply; Ntz;Lk; rkz ngsj;j kjq;fs; gl;bdq;fspy; Kjd;ikepiy va;Jtijf; fhzyhk; rkzj;Jwtpfspd; tjptplq;fs; xJf;F epiyg;gl;l kiyg;gpuNjrq;fspw; fhzg;gl;ldntdpDk; ,k;kjq;fs; tho;tpaw; nrOikAld; tpsq;fpaik Kjypw; gl;bdq;fspNynadyhk;. ngUk;ghYk; tzpfu;fs; rkzu;fs; ngsj;ju;fshf ,Ue;jdnud;gJ xg;Gf;nfhs;sg;gl;l cz;ikahFk; (Nfhtyd;. fz;zfpapd; ngw;Nwhu;) irt itzt vOr;rpiag; nghWj;jtiuapy; Mw;Wg;gLiffs; Fwpg;ghff; fhNtupg;gLif kpfKf;fpa khdjhFk;. nfhs;splj;jpypUe;J fhNtup ejpNahuk; topahf ,tUk; tiuNfhL kpFe;j gyj;Jld nrd;wJ vd;gJk; ekf;Fj; njupe;jNj. ,r;nry; newp itjPf kjntOr;rpf;F tptrhag; gpuNjrq;fs; fskhf mike;jd vd;W nfhs;sj; J}z;Lfpd;wJ. ghz;ba ehl;Lf; Nfhapy;fspYk; ,e;j tptrhaj; njhlu;G ed;F GydhfpwJ vd;gu;. ,Jgw;wpa xU ey;y tpsf;fpj;jpid tu;w;ld; ];nud; jkJ fl;Liunahd;wpy; vLj;Jf; $wpAs;sshu;. Nfhapy; tsu;r;rp epWtfkag;gLtjw;F ,e;j tptrhag;gpd;Gyk; Kf;fpakhfpwJ. ,tw;iwtpl jkpou; rpe;jidapd; Kf;fpa vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf tpsq;Fk; jpUf;Fwis Nehf;f Ntz;LtJ mtrpakhfpwJ.
jpUf;Fws; epr;rakhff xU Fwpg;gpl;l kjj;Jf;Fupa E}y; my;y. mNj Ntisapy; mJ nja;tek;gpf;ifia epuhfupf;ftpy;iy. mJ $Wk; nja;tk; vz;zf;fU epiyg;gl;lJ (Concepts) mjpy; Ms; epiyg;ghL ,y;iy. jpUf;Fwspd; kjepiyg;ghl;Lf;fhd jpwTNfhiy flTs; tho;j;jpy; ghu;g;gjpYk; ghu;f;f mwj;Jg;ghypw; ghu;g;gJ gad;jUk; Kaw;rpahFk;. jpUts;Stu; mwj;Jf;fhd tho;epiyf; fskhff; nfhs;Sk; r%fj;jpy; ,y;ywk;> Jwtwk; vd;gd mq;fPfhuKila epWtd mikg;gpidf; nfhz;litahff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. jpUts;Stupd; Jwtp re;epahrp my;yu;. mtu; xU ePj;jhNu (renounce) Mdhy; r%fj;jpDs; tho;gtu; mUs; mtu; gw;wpj;jhd; Ngrg;gLfpwJ. md;G ,y;ywj;NjhUf;Nf cupaJ. jpUts;StUila r%f mikg;gpy; FLk;g tho;Tk; ePj;jhu; ,Ug;Gk; xU tl;lj;jpDs;NsNa ,Ug;gjhff; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. gpd;du; ,e;j r%f tl;lk; ehL vd;w tl;lj;jpDs; tUfpwJ. ,g;nghOJ ek;Kd;NdAs;s Kf;fpa tpdh ahnjdpy; ,j;jif r%f xOq;Fs;s kjk; ahJ? my;yJ kjq;fs; ahit? vd;gNjahFk;. jkpo; ehl;L tuyhw;Wg; gpd;Gyj;ij Nehf;Fk; NghJ me;j tuyhw;Wf; fhyfl;lj;jpNy ,e;j epiyg;ghl;bidf; nfhz;bUe;jit ,uz;L kjq;fshFk;. xd;W rkzk; kw;wJ ngsj;jk;. ,e;j kjq;fspNy jhd; FLk;gpfUk; ePj;jhUk; cld; ciwgtu; fshfpd;wdu;. Mdhy; ,e;jr; r%ff; fl;Lf; Nfhg;Gf;Fs; mtu; mf;fhyr; r%f mikg;Gf;fpiae;j nja;t ek;gpf;if fisf; nfhz;L tUfpwhu;. jpUf;Fwis cyfajhu;j;jj;ij fhz kWf;Fk; Xu; Md;kPf typAWj;jyhf nfhs;sNt KbahJ. kjepiy tho;T vd;gJ me;jr; r%fj;Jld; ,iae;Js;s xd;whFk;. jkpopd; mwg;Nghjid E}y; kugpw;F mg;ghy;yhd XusTf;F ,e;j E}y;fs; jUk; fUj;Jepiyj; jsq;fspypUe;J NtWgLfpd;w xU rpe;jid cyfpid gj;Jg;ghl;L vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fs; fhl;Lfpd;wd. jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil> gupghly; Mfpad itjPf kuGr; R+oypDs;spUe;J ntsptUtijf; fhzyhk; gupghlypy; nrt;Nts; jpUkhy; topghLfs; Kf;fpakhfpd;wditia $ltopghl;Lf;Fupa xd;whfNt mq;F ,lk;ngWfpd;wnjd ehd; gpwpNjhuplj;jpy; thjpl;Ls;Nsd;. gupghly; jpUKUfhw;Wg; gil rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fSs; fhyj;jhw; njhlUk; gf;fk;: 163