BCN – Alongside Pere IV 54 Students – 4 Teachers – 16 Weeks – Summer 2009
carte blanche 14
cb14 Anlässlich einer Ausstellung „Alongside Pere Quatro“ der Arbeiten der Studierenden des Bachelorprogramms in Architektur der Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften ( ZHAW ) an der Escola Tècnica Superior d‘Arquitectura de Barcelona ( UPC-ETSAB ) im Februar 2010 wurden die Tafeln der Ausstellung in einer Ausgabe carte blanche 14 zusammengetragen und ins Netz gestellt. Gezeigt werden die Analysen und Projekte des Moduls „Entwerfen & Konstruieren II“ der Semesterarbeit „Das Wesen des Wohnens – Barcelona“ des 2. Jahreskurses vom Frühlingssemster 2009. Carte blanche 14 geht, wie der Umschlag zeigt, für einmal auswärts. Den Kollegen Ferran Sagarra i Trias, Karin Hofert und Zaida Muxi Martinez gilt unser herzlicher Dank. Stephan Mäder Zürich, Februar 2010
BCN – Alongside Pere IV 54 Students – 4 Teachers – 16 Weeks – Summer 2009
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Index 4 Perquè BCN Stephan Mäder 5 Why BCN Stephan Mäder 8-9 Introduction Thomas Schregenberger 10-11 Masterplan Poble Nou 12-73 Analysises and Projects 74-75 Rückblick Axel Fickert 78 Impressum
Halle 180 – Winterthur
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Perquè BCN
Una explicació del significat didàctic del treball dels estudiants de la Universitat Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW) de Zürich, realitzat a l’àmbit del Carrer Pere IV de Barcelona. Des de fa alguns anys existeix un conveni d‘intercanvi mitjançant el Programa Erasmus entre la UPC-ETSAB i la Universitat Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW). Alguns estudiants dels darrers cursos de la carrera tenen la oportunitat de participar en aquest conveni. El projecte realitzat al llarg del de semestre de primavera de 2009 de la ZHAW a Barcelona, dóna la possibilitat de presentar en aquest lloc, l’escola d’ Arquitectura de Barcelona - l’ETSAB -, la petita Escola d’arquitectura de Suïssa i el seu mètode de treball. Amb la introducció dels nous programes de ‘Bachelor i Màster`, dins l’acord marc de l’any 2005` , es van ajustar i es van adequar els programes existents d’estudi a mida dels nous objectius, que es van acordar amb els docents. “Habitar” és el tema central de la formació del segon any d‘estudis del Programa ‘Bachelor` d‘Arquitectura a la Universitat Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW). En el tercer semestre, el mòdul “Projectar i Construir” tracta el tema de l‘habitatge particular i es treballen els diversos aspectes de l’habitatge a les ciutats petites i als pobles. En el quart semestre, el projecte es centra en un context més urbà. No obstant això, l’exploració dels estudiants no treballa la idea clàssica de l’habitatge en massa,
sinó que explora el tema “Habitar” en projectes de menor abast, més específics. Després de similars feines de recerca a Berlín i a Londres en anys anteriors, aquesta vegada el nostre camí va arribar a Barcelona. Aquest exercici volia centrar-se en les particularitats del lloc, les formes d’habitar i les tipologies d’habitatge, pròpies de la ciutat, les quals no semblaven fins ara exportables ni factibles a un context urbà i cultural com el de Suïssa. L’objectiu és ampliar la nostra mirada amb projectes en el context europeu, a fi de preparar-nos millor per assumir i adaptar-les a les singularitats de l’àmbit suís. Perquè amb freqüència l’accés ordinari a la informació dels projectes queda ocult i no permet trobar solucions innovadores per contexts urbans mes complexes. Per abordar les qüestions de desenvolupament urbà, espai públic i habitatge, els docents van escollir Barcelona, per ser aquesta una ciutat amb una planificació urbana important; pel seu destacat procés d’ampliació d’escala i per la seva significativa remodelació. L‘àmbit d‘estudi es troba al voltant del Carrer Pere IV, un lloc central del Pla Cerdà. Aquesta àrea presenta una gran proporció
de béns industrials en transformació (deterioats?) per això s’inclou en els programes actuals de desenvolupament de la ciutat, com el 22@BCN. En contrast amb les remodelacions de gran escala que es proposen des del 22@BCN, els docents i estudiants de la ZHAW, com altres col·lectius i professionals de Barcelona han suggerit des de l’inici de la transformació, persegueixen una continuïtat amb els teixits existents a traves del treball a petita escala. En cap cas els treballs dels estudiants poden ser propostes per al desenvolupament d’algunes parts de la ciutat de Barcelona. Senzillament el nostre treball no pretén ser d’urbanisme. No obstant això, els projectes ofereixen una mirada fresca i despreocupada i podrien ser motiu per a obrir un debat. Si els projectes dels estudiants demostren que el desenvolupament “pas a pas” en aquest important àmbit podria arribar a ser útil, això seria un bon efecte secundari d’aquesta exposició.
Stephan Mäder, Director Escola d‘Arquitectura, Disseny i Enginyeria Civil Universitat de Ciències Aplicades de Zurich
Plan Cerdà
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Why BCN
The didactic significance of projects carried out along the Carrer de Pere IV in Barcelona by students of Zurich University of Applied Sciences
For the past few years Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW) has had an exchange agreement with UPC-ETSAB under the Erasmus Programme. A handful of students regularly take advantage of this agreement, shortly before they leave the institutions. A semester project carried out by the ZHAW in Barcelona during the spring semester of 2009 has provided us with an opportunity to present our small Swiss architecture school and its approach and methods. The Bachelor’s and Master’s degree programmes that were introduced in 2005 have allowed us to refine the existing courses of studies and, with input from the teaching staff, focus them more precisely. The focal point of the second year of the Bachelor’s degree course in architecture at Zurich University of Applied Sciences is “Living”. During the third semester, students taking the “Design and Construction” module consider various aspects of living in single-family homes in the context of small towns or villages in Switzerland. In the fourth semester, the focus moves to an urban context. The students’ project work continues to revolve around the theme of “Living”, and does not shift to the study of classic, large-scale residential architecture.
Over the years, projects have taken us to Berlin and London; this time, we came to Barcelona. We want our students to develop an eye for local idiosyncrasies and characteristics, as well as for typical housing forms and typologies that had not hitherto appeared possible or desirable in a Swiss cultural context. By taking our students on an indirect route and involving them in projects in the context of a European city we aim to prepare them better for the particular idiosyncrasies and characteristics of a Swiss residential area. The apparently normal can, all too often, cloud the approach to innovative solutions. In order to be able to concentrate in depth on issues of urban development, public spaces and city living, the teaching staff chose Barcelona as a place marked by notable urban planning measures, large-scale enlargement of the city and striking urban transformation projects. The students were told to consider the central area around the Carrer de Pere IV within the Cerda Plan. Its large number of old industrial buildings have given the area a certain air of decay, making it the focus of urban development programmes such as the 22@BCN. In contrast to the radical, largescale reshaping being planned for the district, the lecturers and students of the ZHAW chose to
take a small-scale approach, in keeping with the existing structure of the district. Local architects and urbanists have done this before. The students’ projects should not be considered under any circum-stances to be serious urban planning proposals for the development of parts of Barcelona. Urban planning is not that easy or that simple. These fresh and carefree projects could, however, prompt discussion. Should these student projects show that development in small increments can point in the right direction, then that would be a successful side effect of this exhibition.
Stephan Mäder, Director School of Architecture, Design and Civil Engineering Zurich University of Applied Sciences
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Barcelona
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Google Earth
Poble Nou
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Introduction The topic for the semester assignment was “Living in the Context of the City”. As we wanted the students to immerse themselves in issues of urban development, public spaces and urban living, we chose Barcelona as a city characterised by important urban planning developments, metropolitan expansion on a large scale and audacious transformations. Our work focused on the centrally-located industrial district on the Carre de Pere IV, in the eastern part of Cerda’s extension of Barcelona. This area is undergoing a process of change. Under the terms of our concept, the district was to keep its own specific character although its buildings were being gradually renewed as it was refashioned into a mixed-use city district.
The 22@BCN urban development programme is proposing a radical rework of the area; in contrast, we chose the path of converting and continuing its existing detailed structure. We felt that the area along Carre de Pere IV was perfect for working on individual buildings in an urban context. For one thing, the Cerda Plan divides the district up into distinct, manageable units and, furthermore, the concentration and heterogeneity that are typical of the district provided motivation for the students’ projects. We started by carrying out a brief urban planning analysis of the area. Then each block was examined by a group of four students, who formulated concepts and strategies for renovating the blocks and increasing their density. The students went on to draw up master plans on the basis of their concepts and strategies. Each student used the
perimeter
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master plan as a basis for his or her own individual project proposals. The emphasis was on living, as set out in our curriculum. In developing their strategies, we wanted the students to recognise the existing structure of the block, so that they would be able to use it intelligently for their own projects. The students did not limit their interventions to the edges of the blocks: instead, they aimed to open up the inner depths of the “manzana” with their residential buildings. Where existing buildings prevented any concentration, single structures – mostly empty factory buildings – were torn down or included in the new project as public, roofed, exterior spaces. What resulted were new structures consisting of existing and new, usually four- to six-storey, residential buildings that formulated a rich fabric of inner alleyways, open spaces and courtyards.
The coordination of the projects was mainly concentrated within the “manzana”, as many of the residential buildings occupied the interior of the block and the outer edges of each block were defined by the Cerda Plan. The various teams had to work together to define the street and square spaces outside the blocks. The students also worked together to agree where the high rises should be placed: almost all of them were located on the Carre de Pere IV in order to trace the axis of this road, with its Roman origins, as it runs diagonally across the right-angled grid. As we worked on the renewal and rebuilding of the area along the Carre de Pere IV were able to benefit from a rich stock of existing structures, forms and materials, which provided a great deal of inspiration for the projects on display here. However, as we wanted to ward off any danger
of limiting ourselves to what we encountered, and because we wanted to open up the design process, we looked for an additional source of stimulation. We found one that ultimately proved to be the driving force behind the development of the projects. Knowing that Spain’s tradition of building contains Moorish elements gave us the impetus to pay closer attention to the tradition of the Arabic courtyard house. We discovered a great wealth of spatial differentiation between the public and the private – the principle of gradual equilibrium between opposite poles.
Thomas Schregenberger School of Architecture, Design and Civil Engineering Zurich University of Applied Sciences
Google Earth
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Masterplan Poble Nou
Gilbert Mühlemann Lidija Lukanovic Carolina Stöckli
Florian Langhans Mathias Gassmann Séverine Grau Stefanie Küttel
Nadia Hüppin Stephan Jud Adrian Knöpfel
Benjamin Müller Sandro Meier Marc Mantel
Professors Barbara Burren Axel Fickert Beat Rothen Thomas Schregenberger
Stefan Hartmann Thomas Böni Antonio Ambrosecchia George Keller
Mathias Stocker Michael von Allmen Roman Pfister
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Lukas Somm Peter Rüegsegger Matthias Schnell Marco Salvini
Baseli Candrian Dominik Arni Larissa Bissegger
Kerstin Kottlow Jessica Hevi
Philipp Stäheli Antonio Obrist David Meier Gregory Meuli
Andreas Voigt Nadia Pfirter Benjamin Meyer Domenik Prandini
Matthias Ruf Jonas von Wartburg Simon Wiederkehr Adrian Zwahlen
Samuel Erb Christoph Abächerli Silvio Albin Daniel Arnold
Donatien Nidecker Martin Rathgeb Sabine Rohrer Fabian Schütz
Daniel Gubler Andrea Binder Fabio Bürge Franziska Hartmeier
Domenic Büchel Lidia Haag Yves Häberlin Stephan Lehmann
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Manzana 1
Analysis
Geschlossenen Mantellinie
Fully enclosed block
Bestehende Struktur Existing structure
Aufwerten der Fassaden-Siluette an der Carrer de Père
Upgrade of façade silhouette on Carrer de Pere IV
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Fassadenansicht Carrer de Pere IV Nordseitig
Faรงade view, Carrer de Pere IV Northern front
Fassadencolage
Faรงade collage
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Stefan Hartmann The new building is part of a series of high-rises lining the Carrer de Pere IV and expresses the vertical concentration that we are aiming for in the district. Both the building’s alignment and the firewalls that are typical found in Barcelona provided the inspiration for varying styles of façade. The four types of apartment in the residential high-rise are grouped together on three storeys. The apartments are interlinked with one another in such a way that each is oriented on three sides. The central stairwell receives natural light from the side through adjacent loggias. These also provide access to the various apartments.
4th / 7th / 10th / 13th floor
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5th / 8th / 11th / 14th floor
ground floor
1st floor
2nd floor
16st floor
3rd / 6th / 9th / 12th / 15th floor
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Manzana 2
Analysis
Access
Orientation
Inner courtyard Trichterförmige Zugänge zum grossen Innenhof
Ränder zum Eixample hin orthogonal stärken
Funnel-shaped access to large inAusweitungen des Innenhofes zum öffentlichen Strassenraum ner courtyard
Strengthen the edges facing the Harte Schale, Weicher Kern Eixample, orthogonally
Extending inner courtyard to public street area
Hard shell, soft core Die “alte“ Struktur der Bebauung zur Pere IV hin sichtbar machen Hochhaus auf die Pere IV ausgerichtet
Fassung eines gemeinsamen, halböffentlichen Formulation of common, Innehofes semi-public courtyard Hierarchiesierung des inner Aussenraums in Private,
Riegel tief der Pere IV entlang Reveal the “old” structure of the complex on the Pere IV side
Halbprivate und öffentliche Bereiche
Creating hierarchy of private, semiprivate and public areas in external spaces
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Mit wenigen Ausnahmen die Mantellinie geschlossen
halten. Maintain enclosed nature of block, with a few exceptions
High rise building aligned to Pere IV Low block along Pere IV
Access to block of buildings Erschliessung der Inseln primär durch die Pere IV primarily from Pere IV Pere IV als Quartierstrasse stärken, atmosphärische Eingangssituationen schaffen
Strengthen Pere IV as the neighbourhood’s main street, provide entryways with atmosphere
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Heterogenität im Grundriss
1. Heterogeneity of ground plan Charakter der verschiedenartigen Strukturen Keineof homogenen, Blöcke Character various glatten structures Mischnutzung Gewerbe, Industrie und Wohnen Not homogeneous, smooth blocks Mixed use: business, industry and residential
Existing stock Bestand
1
2
3
4
Addaddieren on
Heighten aufstocken
Heterogenität im in Schnitt 2. 2Heterogeneity section Entstehen lassen von Terrassenlandschaften (Dachgärten) Allow Definieren terrace landscapes to emerge (roof gardens) von Gemeinschaftsflächen Sockelgeschosse zu Obergeschosse DefineVerhältnis common areas Relationship of ground floor Wohnhügel als mögliches Bauprinzip hoher Dichte to upper floors “Residential hill” as potential way to build high-density housing
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Hierarchisierte Aussenräume
Öffentlichere Private Zonen 3. Hierarchy of und outdoor spaces und Plätzen PublicUmkehrbarkeit and privatezwischen zones.Gebäuden Reversibility between Private Gärten, Eingänge, Arkaden, Zentraler Platz, Bildenand einesopen Mittelpunktes buildings spaces Private gardens, entryways, arcades, central square, Creation of a focal point 4
Aussenraumbezüge
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Interne Gassen, Ruhige Hinterseiten
4. Relationships to external spaces Herstellen von verschiedenen Aussenraumbezügen Aufbrechen homogenen Fassadenstrukturen Creating variousderrelationships to external spaces, Erker, Balkone, Terrassen, Loggien, Patio, Breaking up homogeneous façade structures Bays, Lichtschächte balconies, terraces, loggias, patios, light wells
Install einsetzen Potential alterations – adjustments Mögliche Veränderungen
Anpassen
5. Internal alleys, rear sidesschaffen Interne Gassen alsquiet Verbindungsstrassen Eingänge direkt die Strasse erstellen Internal alleysnicht serve asaufconnectors, create trances Bewusster Eintritt in die Mantellinie (Schwellenthat are not directly on the street Conscious entry übergang) into the enclosed block (crossing the threshold)
Existing stock Bestand
Schaffenof eines Quartierzentrums 6. 6Creation a centre for the neighbourhood Integration von Läden, Märkten, Kinderkrippen Integration of shops, markets, crèches Public use to Öffentliche Nutzung um das Quartier zu beleben zu gewichten. enlivenundand provide weight to neighbourhood
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6
7
8
tabula rasa tabula rasa 7
Hollow out aushölen
Stärken der Carrerecken Die Ecken bilden zentrale Punkte die gestärkt wer den sollten. Oft sind diese von Restaurants oder an
7. deren Strengthening the corner of the carrer wichtigen Infrastrukturen in Beschlag genommen. The corners form important focal points that need to be strengthened; they are often occupied by restaurants or other key infrastructure elements 8
Abstract herausziehen
Ausbrechen aus der Mantellinie
8. Breaking out of von themehreren enclosed block Zusammenschluss Carrers Schaffen Meeting pointvonofgrösseren severalEinheiten streets, Creation of larger Übergreifendes Denken units, Strukturvergrösserungen Comprehensive thinking processes, Enlarging um die Dichte aufzubrechen structures to break up density
Potential adjustments – changes Mögliche Anpassungen
Verändern
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Lukas Somm The building follows the line drawn through the urban grid by the Carrer de Pere IV, accentuating the nature of the district’s urban design and adding a touch of new life to the Poble Nou area. The design addresses the issue of blurring boundaries between indoors and outdoors, between public, semiprivate and private spaces. The resulting zones offer residents countless ways to adapt the available space to their personal requirements.
ground floor
1st floor
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detail section
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Manzana 3
Analysis
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Existing structure
Renovated structure
Enlarged structure
Public use
Semi-private use
Private external spaces
Mediterraneo
Ronda del Littoral
Carrer Pere IV
Glories Catalanes
Mixed types and individual
Möglicher Sockel für Pfropfung Potential basis for grafting
Restaurant als Eckbau Restaurant as corner structure
Ansätze des Wohnhügels... Beginnings of “residential hill”
Unified edge of block with alley Courtyard structures (U-shaped)
... lassen Vor-, Rücksprünge und Terrassen entstehen Projections and recesses
Loggias im Zweihüllenprinzip Outdoor spaces
Single structures Structure of block edges
Eckgebäudebuilding als Landmarke Corner
Brandmauer als Wohnungsabschluss Fire-division wall
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Michael von Allmen The new building combines the corner of a block with side structures. A meandering shape was chosen in order to develop a unified architectural language. The long building, with its quatroplex apartments, aims to be both a single-party and a multi-party residence – a kind of hermaphrodite. The corner structure fans out, its stacked duplex and single-storey apartments presenting an urban face. The mono-concrete construction is consistent with the building’s stylistic vocabulary, which is dynamic in both layout and floor plan.
Grundriss Ebene 2 1_100
2nd floor
Grundriss Ebene 1 1_100
st
1 floor
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detail section
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Roman Pfister The new building complex formulates the open corner of the city block, forming a courtyard that is, in turn, part of a central linking element. Access to the two wings of the building is gained through central courtyards. A stairway with overhead lighting from the very top leads to the apartments. These are laid out around a central, two-storey space that borders a roofed outer area.
5th floor
4th floor
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detail section
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B
Mathias Stocker The high-rise accentuates access to the interior of the city block. The building’s sculptural form creates exterior spaces and provides optimum natural lighting for the apartments. The building accommodates varying uses and types of apartment on its different levels. The façade is composed of several elements and emphasises the various parts of the building. Its heterogeneity underlines the block’s character. A
A
B
B
roof terraceDachaufbauten Grundriss
A
A
B
B
th 6Grundriss / 10th floor 6-10_OG
A
A
B
B
rd 3Grundriss / 5th floor 3+5_OG
A
A
B
2nd Grundriss / 4th floor 2+4_OG
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faรงade 1_100
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Manzana 4
Analysis
DATUM: 09. JUNI 2009
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Diagram for strategy Diagramm StrategieA A
Diagramme zur Analyse
Mögliche PossibleEingriffe interventions
Carrer Pere IV stärken Strengthen Carrer de Pere IV
Bestehendealignment Ausrichtung to an die Pere IV Existing Carrer de Pere IV
Feines Weg- network und Erschliessungsnetz mit Höfen und Plätzen Intricate of paths and access routes, with courtyards and squares
Erschliessung und Lücken Access and gaps
Carrer de Pamplona Upgrade Carrer aufwerten de Pamplona
Mögliche PossibleEingriffe interventions
Diagram for strategy Diagramm StrategieB B
Cultural zone Kulturzone
Cultural Kultur-and undresidential Wohnzone zone Markante Eigenschaften der of einzelnen Blöcke blocks Distinct characteristics individual
Residential Wohnzonezone Orthogonale Ausrichtung zur Carrer Pere IVde Pere IV Rectangular alignment to Carrer
Durchlaufender open freier Raum blockübergreifend Continuous space from block to block
Mögliche PossibleEingriffe interventions
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Dominik Arni Our design team was faced with the question of how to deal with the differences in scale within the “Manzana� in an urban planning context. What emerged after some intense discussion was a high-rise that is taller than the surrounding buildings, but that nonetheless fits in with the other small plots of land in the area, thanks to its own small footprint. Six different types of apartment were designed; their oneand-a-half storey living or dining rooms mean they are interlinked. Care was taken in the layout to ensure that one could walk through the larger flats in a circuit. Brise soleil-like elements give the building a distinctive appearance and form extended living areas, either as loggias, when used as outdoor space, or as niches indoors.
2nd / 5th / 8th floor
3rd / 6th / 9th floor
4th / 7th / 10th floor
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detail section
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Baseli Candrian The building stretches back from the street to a small roadway within the city block, undergoing several changes as it does so. Its depth, its height and its relationship to neighbouring buildings all change; the most important common element is the open space in front. The idea was to create flats adapted to the situation, with generous outdoor spaces. These spaces are arranged at the periphery and can be treated at will as extensions of the indoor area. The ground floor can be entered from grassedover open space, while access to the apartments is from the street behind. A central apartment straddles both parts of the building. The outer spaces are generally bordered by the living room, dining area and kitchen.
th 44th+/5 5OBERGESCHOSS floor 1:100
1:100 33rdOBERGESCHOSS floor
1:100 22ndOBERGESCHOSS floor
11st OBERGESCHOSS floor 1:100
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detail section
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Manzana 6
Analysis
The strong industrial character in parts of the block has great potential and should be adopted by any new buildings
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Residential
Mixed
Industry / Business
Lyceum
Abstracted depiction of pontential and characteristics that were encountered
The faรงades can gain more presence with selective vertical extensions in the interior of the blocks
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Mathias Gassmann The project deals with the existing structures on the site, as well as with the concept of living in an open-plan space between two external areas. The district’s special character is further emphasised by this unusual concept for living. The project replaces an existing warehouse and uses its surface area. The dining and living area of each apartment is a generously proportioned, two-storey space that runs through the elongated building, linking the two adjacent outside spaces with one another. An area of smaller spaces lies next to the main room, terminating in an inner façade. These two spatial structures are not intended to compete with one another in any way: they form a whole, and this is validated by the choice of materials.
appartamento 2 habitaciones
appartamento 4 habitaciones
appartamento 5 habitaciones
appartamento 5 habitaciones
appartamento 4 habitaciones
appartamento 2 habitaciones
ground floor
1st floor
appartamento 2 habitaciones appartamento 3 habitaciones
appartamento 4 habitaciones
appartamento 4 habitaciones
appartamento 3 habitaciones appartamento 2 habitaciones
2nd floor
longitudinal section
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detail cross-section
detail east faรงade
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Florian Langhans
This residential high-rise building faces a street and stands at the end of an industrial building, in the middle of a city block. The geometry of both the industrial structure and the high-rise refers to the diagonal course of Carrer Pere IV as it cuts through the street grid. Our master plan calls for either changing the use of the existing industrial buildings or replacing them with residential structures. The industrial building associated with the highrise is to be used as a theatre; the necessary theatrical infrastructure, with its large quantities of equipment, will be housed in the lower storeys of the high-rise. The apartments above alternate between one and two-storeys and offer views over the surrounding buildings on three sides. The rhythmic structure of the building is defined in the faรงade.
3rd floor
4th floor
5th floor
7th floor
6th floor
12th floor
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south faรงade
cross-section
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Manzana 8
Analysis Typology 1 Division
Typology 2 Incisions
Typology 3 Atrium
Typology 4 Connection
Bestehende Blockrandstruktur
Existent structure of block edges
Carrer el Raval - Barcelona
Barcelona
Eixample - Barcelona
Atrium - Cordoba
Entdichtung der Hofbebauung
Reducing density of courtyard buildings
Increasing vertical density of block edge
Vertikale Verdichtung des Blockrandes
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Features of apartments - Base - Balcony - Delicate parapets / railings - French windows - Good building fabric - Ornamentation
Features of industrial buildings - Historically important - Fabric of buildings good in part - Gateways - Glass panels a frequent feature - Wall-mounted installations
Vision of synthesis
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Sandro Meier
A
The project was greatly influenced by one of the most important design parameters: its position inside the Cerda block. Together with its neighbouring buildings, this project creates public and semi-public courtyards that invite one to linger. The master plan’s system of courtyards and pathways continues in the building’s interior, becoming more refined. Each flat is oriented towards its own private inner courtyards that form a kind of second, open air, living room and create a strong connection between interior and exterior space.
2nd floor
A
1st floor
ground floor
42
faรงade
Fassadenschnitt 1:20
detail section
Schnitt 1:20
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Benjamin MĂźller
Superimposing the urban structure of the Plan Cerda over the rural structure of the post-industrial Poble Nou creates a complex texture of outdoor spaces. Against this background, the project has developed a differentiated sequence of spaces, offering residents intricate habitats in which to live and work. Squares, courtyards, rooftop walkways, private outdoor spaces and rooms form a continuous texture within an urban area that already exists in part. With its covered market acting as an interface between the district and the rest of the city, our Catifa de Poblenou is set to become one of Barcelona’s local centres.
2nd floor
1st floor
ground floor
44
faรงade & detail section
45
Manzana 10
Analysis
Residential structures
46
Business structures
Common structures
Sillhouette of existing buildings is a series of small elements
Relationship of buildings at edge of block to their surroundings
Axes and access ways are opened out. New bottlenecks could generate various levels of interior private sphere
Carefully located interruptions would maintain the small, irregular elements in the sillhouette
Possible volume composition in the context of existing structures
A new master plan is needed to clarify overall traffic flow pattern
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Christoph Ab채cherli The building stretches between the Carrer de la Cuitat de Granada and a roadway in themiddle of the city block. The distinctive structure acts as a liaison between the corner structure of the block and the heterogeneity of the existing row of residential buildings. The flats are long-drawn-out and oriented in three directions. Precisely located inner courtyards bring light into the core of the building.
ground floor
1st - 3rd floor
4th floor
48
5th floor
west faรงade
east faรงade
49
Silvio Albin Our master plan proposes to strengthen the southern front of the block in order to create a spatial conclusion for the planned park on that side. The park is connected to the inner courtyard of the building and Carrer Pepe IV to the north by a new public footpath. The apartments in the building have been designed to relate to both the new park and the courtyard in the middle of the block. Loggias that penetrate deep into the building create attractive exterior spaces. These provide vertical expression, giving the project a marked urban presence and independence.
1st floor
2nd / 3rd floor
4th floor
50
5th floor
north faรงade / cross-section
51
Manzana 11
Analysis
Faรงade atmosphere
Interior space atmosphere
Mixed use
Single-storey
Industry
Seven-storey
Gastronomy Business Residential
52
New courtyard situations could be created by the intervention
The relationship between volume and open spaces plays a crucial role
53
N
Jonas von Wartburg From the forecourt through the inner courtyard and on to the back yard: several of the building’s characteristics take account of the advantages of this progression. The layout and floor plans of the apartments indicate their alignment. The shady veranda along the length of the living room is barely more than a plant-filled place in which to read, projecting out into the spacious living room as it winds its way along. Ventilation flaps in the wall overlooking the inner courtyard regulate the room’s indoor climate: both room and air flow.
C
C
A
A
attic
B
1st floor
N
ground floor
54
detail south faรงade
55
Matthias Ruf In accordance with the master plan, the project grows out of the middle of the city block, stretching out to the periphery along various courtyards. Most apartments are reached from staircases. Adjacent loggias provide access to the central dining rooms, which are formed by girder systems. Sliding wooden panels separate the rooms grouped around this central space. Duplex and triplex apartments, a shop and a day care centre are located at the front end of the building and have their own, separate, entrances.
ground floor
56
detail cross-section
57
Adrian Zwahlen The project is located at the northern edge of Caree 16. It draws its architectural expression from the old industrial buildings next door. A one-and-a-half storey building is included in the project, converted into a parking garage to alleviate the problematic parking situation in the neighbourhood. In keeping with the convention in Barcelona, the ground floor is to be used for businesses and include a cafĂŠ looking onto the courtyard. With a few exceptions, the residential units are designed as flats. Two duplex apartments are planned for the northern side; they will receive sufficient light from a generous, two-storey external space. They will also have direct sunlight from apertures in the roof.
58
ground floor
1st floor
3rd floor
4th floor
detail south faรงade
detail cross-section
59
Simon Wiederkehr The residential building stands at a crossroads by the Llacuna metro station; its shape is oriented towards neighbouring three- to four-storey buildings and the seven-storey industrial structure across the road. A tower has thus evolved, rounding off the park opposite. Ten differing kinds of living space resulted from the interaction with the form that was derived, ranging from a studio to a family house that finishes off the tower. A twostorey botanical library and a flower shop are located on the ground floor.
2
4th floor
ground floor
lower tower floor
60
upper tower floor
M
corner faรงade
61
Manzana 14
Analysis
Gaps The buildings aligned to the street create an open courtyard in the interior of the block. Some individual gaps in the buildings lining the streets indicate that the district is changing.
Comprehensive building The block has a number of buildings facing on to the street. There are numerous single- and two-storey buildings in the interior that do not allow for courtyards to be used.
Legend
/HJHQGH
$EEUXFK Demolition %HVWHKHQG $OW Existing, old %HVWHKHQG JXWHU =XVWDQG Existing, good condition 1HXH *HEÂŚXGH New buildings
62
Peripheral buildings
Randbebauungen zueinander
The irregularity of the façades in the district reveal the fragmented way in which the blocks cameWenninto The further one goes from the man diebeing. Strassenfassaden des Quartiers betrachtet, sieht man wie Fragdie Bebauung dieser Blöcke ist. Die Struktur löst sich je weiter man closely-packed buildingsmentiert ofder Ramblas the main Rambla del Poblenou, the more von weg geht zunehmend auf. the overall structure dissolves. Betrachtet man die Fassade „Rambla del Poblenau“ sieht man wie dicht die Bebauung zur Flaniermeile hin ist. Wenn man sich die Fassade rechtwinklig dazu ansieht fällt auf, dass sich diese von der Rambla weg verändert. Die Gebäude werden immer kleiner und unterschiedlicher.
Carrer Pere IV IV Carrer Pere Ansich Süd-Ost South-West
One reason for the differences in size is that newly built structures Die Grössenunterschiede sind teilweise darauf zurückzuführen, dass neben neu alte Abstellschuppen stehen,that die nur noch auf ihren Abbruch stand cheek by jowl withgebauten old Häusern storage sheds are waiting to be torn warten. Diese starken Grössenunterschiede erzeugen jedoch auch eine Spannung in den Strassenschluchten durchauscreate auch eine Qualität kann. Es down. Of course, these differences in diesize a sein degree of tension ist jedoch anzustreben die teilweise vorhandenen Schuppen und Garagen durch repräsentativere zu ersetzen. quality. It is, however, worth in the urban canyons that adds Gebäude a certain aiming to replace the remaining sheds and garages with more distinguished buildings.
Rambla del Poblenau
Rambla del Poblenou Ansich Nord-West North-West
63
Antonio Obrist The building combines the high rise with the town house, shapes the corner of the city block and forms a connection with the existing structures on the three-cornered block that Carre de Pere IV cuts off. The high rise’s slit-like loggias are a reaction to the noise from the surrounding streets, and to Barcelona’s climate. The façade reflects the alternating interior floor plans, which also offer residents an interesting variety of apartments. The roof terrace is open to all residents; it has a pool, fitness room and open fireplace.
WOHNEN
ENTRÉE
KÜCHE & ESSEN
BAD
BAD WOHNEN KÜCHE & ESSEN
SCHLAFZIMMER
ENTRÉE
SCHLAFZIMMER
BAD KÜCHE & ESSEN
WOHNEN
SCHLAFZIMMER
3./5./7./9.OG M 1_100
3rd / 5th / 7th / 9th floor
KÜCHE & ESSEN
WOHNEN
KÜCHE & ESSEN DUSCHE/WC
BAD SCHLAFZIMMER
ENTRÉE
KINDERZIMMER
DUSCHE/WC
SCHLAFZIMMER REDUIT WOHNEN GARDEROBE
ENTRÉE
BAD SCHLAFZIMMER
KINDERZIMMER
2./4./6./8./10. OBERGESCHOSS M 1_100
KINDERZIMMER
BAD
2nd / 4th / 6th / 8th / 10th floor
KINDERZIMMER
town house - 2nd floor ENTRÉE
KÜCHE & ESSEN
BAD
ground floor
64
1st floor
attic floor
faรงade
65
Philipp Stäheli The building forms a fitting link between the older buildings to the west and the green glass structure at the corner of the city block to the east. Its ground floor serves to integrate the high rise into existing row of buildings; its height acts as a counterpoint to the bulk of the glass structure. An opening in the façade at ground level enables loggias to turn their backs on the street, as well as providing an attractive entry to the park in the interior of the block. The apartments in the tower are on the small side, but have unbroken views and a transparent metal façade.
Zimmer
Wohnen Essen
Schlafen
WHG 7
Bad
Küche
Entree
Entree
Zimmer
Schlafen
7th / 11th floor
6th floor
Wohnen
Essen
Hof
Zimmer
Loggia
Entree
Wohnen
Loggia
Loggia Bad Bad
Wohnen Ankleide
Schlafen
Zimmer Schlafen
4th floor
66
Loggia
5th floor
Schlafen
longitudinal section
façade
12
12
12
11
11
10
10
10
9
Strassenfassade Nordwest 1:200 8
8
8
7
7
6
6
6
3
5
3
4
1
2
Längsschnitt 1:100
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Manzana 16
Analysis
Bestand Existing2004 stock
68
2004
Bestand Existing 2007 stock
2007
Bestand 2009 Existing stock 2009
Bestand Existing 2012 stock
(gem.(22@) 22@) 2012
Häuserzeile Obergeschoss Row of buildings, upper
floor
Häuserzeile Sockelgeschoss
Row of buildings, lower floor
1-geschossig One storey Gebäudehöhen
2-geschossig Two storey
3-geschossig Three storey
4-geschossig Four storey
5-geschossig Five storey
6-geschossig Six storey
Seven storey
7-geschossig
1:1000
Umnutzung alsa Pergola Converted into pergola
Quartierbüro Shoe shop
Wohnen Living
ElektroElectrical installations installationen
Yoga
Quartierbüro
Bar Bar
Building heights
Immovermittlung Real estate agency
TiefgaragenEntry to underground garage einfahrt
Büro Galerie Gallery
Bazaar Bazar
Parfumerie Beauty shop Pizzeria Pizzeria Coiffure Hairdresser
Umnutzung als aPergola Converted into pergola
Galerie Gallery Rest. China Chinese restaurant Reisebüro Travel agency Schneider Tailor
ev. Kirche Possible church
Bibliothek Library Musikunterricht A music lesson Tanzstudio Dance studio
Schuhladen Shoe shop
Atelier Studio
Velomechaniker Bicycle mechanic
Rest. Buchhandlung
Campingzubehör Apotheke
Sanitär
Gewerbe Business
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Domenic Bßchel The appearance of this city block is marked by large firewalls running at right angles to the street. Reinterpreted, these will also mark the planned new residential block. Rows of narrow, vertical and deep windows will provide shade to the interior and lend the façade weight and volume. The apartments are divided into two areas: one for services and one for living. The living area has a summer and a winter section. The winter section is aligned to the southwest, while the summer area is a large, roofed loggia. This division of summer and winter areas makes the depth of the city block apparent.
2nd / 3rd / 4th / 5th floor
1st floor
ground floor
70
faรงade
detail section
faรงade
71
Lidia Haag The design deals with the narrow, deep residential buildings that are typical of Barcelona. The design takes over the existing structure of the residential block, with its narrow geometry and faรงades facing the street and an inner courtyard. The apartments link the edge of the block with the courtyard. This link and the depth of the building can be experienced from within the apartments, which open to both sides.
1st floor 1_100
72
2nd floor 1_100
faรงade 1_33
detail section 1_33
73
Rückblick Nach den positiven Erfahrungen mit den Masterplänen von London, haben wir uns ein weiteres Mal an umfassende Eingriffe in das Stadtgebiet einer europäischen Grossstadt gewagt – dieses Mal Barçelona. Die Wahl einer mediterranen Stadt am Meer schien uns die passende Folge nach der Vertiefung in die Themen des privaten Aussenraums am Beispiel von Weesen, das obwohl nördlich der Alpen gelegen bereits einige Merkmale eines südlichen Lebensstiles aufwies. Wurden in London mehrere Masterpläne mit unterschiedlichen städtebaulichen Konzeptionen auf jeweils dem gleichen Gebiet entwickelt, strebten wir in Barçelona das ergänzende Zusammenwirken von Einzelbeiträgen an verschiedenen Orten im Gefüge eines Stadtteils an. Ausgewählt wurde das Quartier „Poble Nou“ an zentraler Lage innerhalb des Cerda-Plans. Dieses Gebiet weisst wegen seines hohen Anteils an alten Gewerbeliegenschaften gewisse Verfallserscheinungen auf und ist deshalb in den Fokus aktueller Stadtentwicklungs-programme wie des 22@BCN geraten. Im Gegensatz zu der dort vorgesehen radikalen Neuordnung im grossen Massstab verfolgten wir eher ein „Weiterstricken“ der vorhandenen kleinteiligen Struktur. Der in klaren, überschaubaren Einheiten (manzanas) gegliederte Cerda-Plan eignete sich besonders gut für Bearbeitung von Einzelprojekten im Kontext. Die vorhandene Bebauung war genügend dicht um durch Studentenprojekte ergänzt und wo begründet auch ersetzt zu werden. Je „Manzana“ arbeiteten Gruppen aus jeweils vier Studenten an einer abgestimmten Strategie zur Aufwertung des innerräumlichen Gefüges. Gemäss dem Semesterschwerpunkt stand dabei das Wohnen im Vordergrund und wurde erweitert durch jeweils passende öffentliche Nutzungen im Erdgeschoss.
Aleppo, Syrien
74
Bei der Anordnung der Neubauten hat man vermieden sich nur auf den Rand der „manzana“ zu beziehen, also keinen Blockrand zu erstellen, sondern eher versucht die Tiefe zu erschliessen – so wie es das vorgefundene Bebauungsmuster nahelegt. Zur Auflockerung der für Wohnzwecke zu dichten Bebauung wurden einzelne Gebäude – meist alte Fabrikhallen – abgerissen oder als öffentliche, gedeckte Aussenräume in die neue Struktur einbezogen. So entstand ein abwechslungsreiches inneres Gefüge aus Gassen, Plätzen, Höfen und vereinzelt auch privaten Atrien. Insbesondere versuchte man Bebauungsarten zu finden, die ein Weiterbauen im Massstab der für das Quartier typischen niedrigen Fabrikhallen ermöglichen – also eine bewusste Alternative zu den massiven Hochbauvolumen des 22@BCNProgrammes darstellen sollten. Natürlich sahen auch wir Hochbauten vor, die um so mehr in spannungsvollem Kontrast zu den verdichten Flachbebauungen standen. Eigentliche HochhausScheiben setzten wir nur zur Betonung der markanten Axe der Carrer Pere IV ein, die auf Grund ihrer antiken Wurzeln schräg im rechtwinkligen Raster des Cerda-Planes verläuft. Im Allgemeinen fand die Abstimmung der Projekte innerhalb der jeweiligen „manzana“ statt, da viele Bebauungen in das Innere vorzudringen suchten. Anders verhielt es sich bei Eingriffen entlang des Blockrandes. Hier stellte sich die Frage des Verhältnisses zur Bebauung auf der anderen Strassen-oder Platzseite. Waren dort Projekte anderer Studentengruppen vorgesehen, musste eine Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Gruppen stattfinden. In Einzelfällen führte das zur Umkehrung des Entwurfsfokus – nicht mehr die „manzana“ selbst stand im Blickfeld, sondern
die Strassenkreuzung mit der für den Cerda-Plan typischen, platzartigen Ausweitung der Ecken. Neben der städtbaulichen Anordnung war eine der zentralen Fragen die Wahl einer Typologie für die Wohnungen. Nicht von ungefähr bevorzugte man eine Stadt am Mittelmeer in der Nachfolge von Weesen am Walensee. Die Elemente Wasser und mildes Klima in Hinblick auf eine besondere Ausprägung des Wohnens beschäftigte uns seit wir in Weesen entdeckt hatten, dass die Gleichstellung von Aussen-und Innenraum der eigentliche Motor für Neuentdeckungen beim Entwurf von Wohnungen war. Die verstärkte Bearbeitung des privaten Aussenraumes gab sogar die Kriterien für Grundrissform und Übergänge im Wohnbereich. Eigentlich war die Fokussierung auf den Aussenraum eine „fixe Idee“, eine Art atmosphärischer Traum, der die Vorstellungskraft bezüglich der Frage des Wohnens beflügelte und aus dem blossen Umsetzen bekannter Typologie-Vorbilder heraushob. Ein ähnliches Stimulans suchten wir übertragen auf das südliche Klima von Barçelona. Das Wissen um die maurischen Spuren in spanischen Städten wie Sevilla ermutigten uns die Traditionen des arabischen Hofhauses genauer zu betrachten. Wir entdeckten nicht nur das Potential umschlossener Innenhöfe für die Gestaltung privater Aussenräume, sondern den ganzen Reichtum in der Unterscheidung und Öffentlich zu Privat. Diese beiden Pole werden nie direkt einander gegenübergestellt, sondern in feinen Abstufungen wird nach einem Ausgleich des Spannungszustandes gesucht. Für die einzelnen Schritte gibt es einen reichen Fundus an räumlichen Gefässen, wie Schikanen, Vorhöfen, Empfangsräumen etc.
Barcelona
Das Prinzip des stufenweisen Ausgleichs zwischen gegensätzlichen Polen findet sich in der arabischen Stadt auf allen Ebenen. Derselbe Vorgang wiederholt sich in den verschiedenen Massstäben, sei es das Verhältnis von Stadt-Quartier-Platz-Haus, oder von Haus-Hof-Empfangssaal-Privatgemächer. Natürlich ist dieses Regelwerk nicht direkt auf unser Problem in Barçelona anwendbar, doch hilft es als Utopie oder Vision einen Aspekt zu verdichten, der dann sehr wohl hilfreich für die Ideenfindung sein kann. Dieser Vorgang stellt die Frage nach der Rolle der Utopie im Entwurfsprozess ganz allgemein. Angesichts der Fülle des vorhandenen Materials, die bei der Untersuchung einer Stadtstruktur anfällt, besteht die Gefahr sich nur innerhalb der gefundenen Regeln und Typen zu bewegen. Ein neuer Aspekt wird erst gar nicht verfolgt, da er für diesen Fall untypisch erscheint. Im Spannungsfeld zwischen einer Utopie, die zunächst aus völlig fremdem Zusammenhang importiert scheint und
den tatsächlichen Möglichkeiten in der Anwendung entsteht dann wirklich Neues. Tatsächlich haben sich einige Entwürfe in Barçelona einer solchen Utopie bedient und wurden durch die darin enthaltenen Prinzipien und Motive stark aufgeladen. Trotz deutlich weniger heissem Klima liessen sich gewisse orientalische Raumformen und-folgen gut in die europäisch geprägte Wohnkultur Barçelonas einbauen. Vorallem die verfeinerte Betrachtung der Übergänge zwischen Aussen und Innen, und das damit einhergehende vertiefte Verständnis für das Verhältnis zwischen Öffentlich und Privat gaben Kriterien und Leitlinien für die Ausformung der Wohnbauprojekte.
Axel Fickert Dept. Architektur, Gestaltung und Bauingenieurwesen Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
75
Students Adrian Knöpfel, Adrian Zwahlen, Andrea Binder, Andreas Voigt, Antonio Ambrosecchia, Antonio Obrist, Baseli Candrian, Benjamin Müller, Benjamin Meyer, Carolina Stöckli, Christoph Abächerli, Daniel Arnold, Daniel Gubler, David Meier, Domenic Büchel, Domenik Prandini, Dominik Arni, Donatien Nidecker, Fabian Schütz, Fabio Bürge, Florian Langhans, Franziska Hartmeier, George Keller, Gilbert Mühlemann, Gregory Meuli, Jessica Hevi, Jonas von Wartburg, Kerstin Kottlow, Larissa Bissegger, Lidia Haag, Lidija Lukanovic, Lukas Somm, Marc Mantel, Marco Salvini, Martin Rathgeb, Mathias Stocker, Mathias Gassmann, Matthias Schnell, Matthias Ruf, Michael von Allmen, Nadia Hüppin, Nadia Pfirter, Peter Rüegsegger, Philipp Stäheli, Roman Pfister, Sabine Rohrer, Samuel Erb, Sandro Meier, Séverine Grau, Silvio Albin, Simon Wiederkehr, Stefan Hartmann, Stefanie Küttel, Stephan Jud, Stephan Lehmann, Thomas Böni, Yves Häberlin Professors Barbara Burren, Axel Fickert, Beat Rothen, Thomas Schregenberger Concept of the exhibition Stephan Mäder, Thomas Schregenberger, Antonio Obrist, Mathias Gassmann, Lukas Somm February 2010 Vernissage / Exhibition Escola Tècnica Superior d‘Arquitectura de Barcelona UPC – ETSAB Avinguda Diagonal, 649 08028 Barcelona www.etsab.upc.edu 8th February 2010 Panel discussion 9th February 2010 76
carte blanche Idee dieser Schriftenreihe ist, persönliche Vorlieben von Mitarbeitern der Bauschule einem engeren und weiteren Publikum bekannt zu machen. Die Verantwortlichen publizieren im Rahmen einer vorgegebenen Struktur ihre Beiträge. 12 Exemplare werden als Farbkopien ausgedruckt, zwei gehen in die Bibliothek, die übrigen werden signiert und verteilt. Die Dokumentation wird dann als pdf-Datei auf dem Server öffentlich zugänglich gemacht. c.b. erscheint 4-mal im Jahr. c.b. 1: c.b. 2: c.b. 3: c.b. 4: c.b. 5: c.b. 6: c.b. 7: c.b. 8: c.b. 9: c.b. 10: c.b. 11: c.b. 12: c.b. 13: c.b. 14: c.b. 15: c.b. 16:
Interieurs – Skizzen von Stephan Mäder, Januar 2007 ... da und dort – Fotos von Stephan Mäder, Juli 2007 Aquarium, Einbau in der Halle 180, Oktober 2007 Exterieurs – Skizzen von Stephan Mäder, Dezember 2007 Master of Arts ZFH in Architektur, Januar 2008 Druckgraphiken – Abzüge in Ätzverfahren von Stephan Mäder, April 2008 Neues aus Berlin – Studentenarbeiten und Bilder aus dem Jahr 2007, Juni 2008 Halle 180 – Architekturschule in einer Industriehalle, Oktober 2008 alte Sachen – Stephan Mäder, März 2009 entsorgte Modelle – Mäder + Mächler, Juli 2009 Vortragsreihe – Hubert Mäder, Oktober 2009 Bilder einer nie gemachten Weltreise – Stephan Mäder, November 2009 Libro Nero – Meine Skizzen zu Vorlesungen im Entwurfsunterricht, Peter Quarella, Januar 2010 BCN – Alongside Pere IV – 54 Students – 4 Teachers – 16 Weeks – Summer 2009, Februar 2010
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c.b.14|mdrs
Impressum Herausgeber: Redaktion: Druck: Publikation:
ZHAW Departement Architektur, Gestaltung und Bauingenieurwesen Stephan M채der, Antonio Obrist CLC, Auflage: 12 Exemplare pdf-Datei auf server: www.archbau.zhaw.ch
Ausgabe:
14 - Februar 2010
78