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وﺳﻮرﻳﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ وإﻳﺮان ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ، ﺗﺤﺪه اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻨﻮب:اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ واﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ١٩٦٢٣٥ اﻟﺸﺮق ٢٦٣٣٩٠٠٠ : ﻋﺪد اﻟﺴﻜﺎن ﺑﻐﺪاد: اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﺟﻤﻬﻮري: ﻧﻮع اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ٪١٩ أﻛﺮاد٪٧٧ ﻋﺮب: اﻟﺘﻨﻮع اﻹﺛﻨﻲ اﷲ اﻛـ وأﻗﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻤﺎن واﻟﻔﺮس واﻵﺷﻮرﻳﻮن اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ: اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻻﺳﻼم: اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎر اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻲ: اﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ
اﻟﻄﻘﺲ واﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﺗﻬﻄﻞ. وﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻋﻤﺎن ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺧﺼﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻷراﺿﻲ. ﻣﻦ أراﺿﻲ ﻋﻤﺎن٪٩٥ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء .ﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻣﻄﺎر وﻳﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﻌﺸﺐ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺮﻋﺎه اﻟﻤﺎﺷﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ واﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ
اﻟﻄﻘﺲ واﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﺴﻤﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ.ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﻃﻘﺲ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻻﻋﺘﺪال ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل وﺷﺒﻪ اﻻﺳﺘﻮاﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮب %3 ﺗﻐﻄﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت.ﻋﺪم ﻫﻄﻮل ﻛﻤﻴﺎت ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺎه اﻷﻣﻄﺎر ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪا اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ وﺗﻨﺒﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء. وﺗﻨﺒﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻤﺎل اﻟﺒﻼد أﻋﺸﺎب ﺟﺎﻓﺔ وﺷﺠﻴﺮات ﻗﺼﻴﺮة.ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ أراﺿﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق . ﺗﻨﺒﺖ أﺷﺠﺎر اﻟﻨﺨﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﻣﻠﻴﺔ.أﻋﺸﺎب أﺛﻨﺎء ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺸﺘﺎء
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Arab Countires
ﻳﺤﺪﻫﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻋﻤﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ: اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ واﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل واﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﻬﻨﺪي ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ -اﻟﺸﺮق واﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﺮب ﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ٨٢٢٨٧ ٢١٧٦٠٠٠ : ﻋﺪد اﻟﺴﻜﺎن ٣٥٠٠٠٠ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺴﻜﺎن- ﻣﺴﻘﻂ: اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ: ﻧﻮع اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ٪٢١ ﺑﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮن٪٧٤ ﻋﺮب ﻋﻤﺎﻧﻴﻮن:اﻟﺘﻨﻮع اﻹﺛﻨﻲ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ: اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻻﺳﻼم: اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﺮﻳﺎل اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻧﻲ: اﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ
اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮارد٪٩٠ وﻫﻮ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ١٩٦٤ ﻳﻘﻮم اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﻨﻔﻂ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ اﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت. ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن٪٥٠ وﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺎن ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت زراﻋﻴﺔ وﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ.اﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺔ وﻗﻲ. واﻟﺨﻀﺮوات واﻟﻘﻤﺢ، واﻟﺘﺒﻎ، واﻟﻠﻴﻤﻮن، واﻟﺘﻤﺮ، وﺟﻮز اﻟﻬﻨﺪ،ﻋﻤﺎن اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻮز .ﻋﻤﺎن ﺻﻴﺪ وﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﻟﻸﺳﻤﺎك
اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ
ﺟﻨﻮب ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴﺎ
Arab Countries
ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻤﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻷزﻣﺎن اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺠﺎرﻳﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺞ اﺳﺘﻮﻟﺖ،١٥٠٧ وﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم. أدﺧﻞ اﻹﺳﻼم إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﻼد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﻤﻴﻼدي.اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﻬﻨﺪي وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺳﻴﻄﺮت اﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎل.اﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻧﺊ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺎن وﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﻘﻂ اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﻛﺎن ﻟﻌﻤﺎن ﻧﻘﻮذ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮق اﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ.ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻤﺮ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ واﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﻬﻨﺪي وﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ أدى ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺆون اﻟﺒﻼد.وﺑﺼﻮرة ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺰﻳﺮة زﻧﺠﺒﺎر وﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪوام ﺻﺮاع ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﻼﻃﻴﻦ اﻟﺬي ﺣﻜﻤﻮا ﻋﻤﺎن ورﺟﺎل.إﻟﻰ ﺛﻮرات ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺳﻴﻄﺮت أﺳﺮة اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن ﻗﺎﺑﻮس ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﻛﻢ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎن.اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ واﻧﺘﻈﻤﺖ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﺻﻼﺣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ادﺧﻠﻬﺎ اﺳﻠﻄﺎن ﻗﺎﺑﻮس واﻧﻀﻤﺎم .ﻋﻤﺎن إﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﺘﻌﺎون اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺠﻲ
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اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ
SM
1-866-233-8782
Area Population Capital Government Ethnic groups Language Religion Currency
: 82,287 sm. : 2176000 : Muscat : Sultanate : Arabs 74% 21% Pakistanis : Arabic : Islam : Omani Riyal
Climate and vegetation Oman is 95% desert. On the coast of the gulf there a fertile strip of land. Most of Oman has less than 5in. of rain in the year. Some grass grows and used for grazing animals. History and politics In ancient times, Oman was a very important trade area on the route connecting the Arabian Gulf and the Indian Ocean. Islam was introduced in the region in the seventh century. In the year 1507, Portugal captured many ports, including Muscat, in Oman and controlled the sea trade route. Oman had great influence on East Africa, particularly in Zanzibar island, off the coast of Tanzania. The British medalling yin the internal affairs of Oman led to national rebellion against them. Oman was always rife with conflicts between the ruling family and the Muslim clerics. The family of Sultan Qaboos, the present ruler in Oman was able to dominate and open the country for modernization. Oman is now a member of the United Nations, the Arab League and the Gulf Cooperation Council. Economy The economy of Oman is based n oil industries and exports. Oil was discovered in Oman in the year 1964 and it constitutes 90% of its income. The agricultural sector in Oman employs 50% of its population. It produces bananas, coconuts, dates, lemons, tobacco and vegetables. It has fisheries and sort of fish industry.
اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ واﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ وﻛﺎﻧﺖ.ﻳﻜﺎد ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻌﺮاق اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺒﻼد اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻬﺮي دﺟﻠﺔ واﻟﻔﺮات ﻓﻲ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن وﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ. ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد٣٠٠٠ اﻟﺴﻮﻣﺎرﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ أول ﺣﻀﺎرة ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم وﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد ﺳﻘﻄﺖ.ﻋﺸﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد أﺳﺲ ﺣﻤﻮراﺑﻲ أول إﻣﺒﺮﻃﻮرﻳﺎت ﺑﺎﺑﻞ وﺣﻜﻢ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻵﺷﻮرﻳﻮن ﻛﻤﺎ اﻟﺤﻘﺖ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﺒﺮﻃﻮرﻳﺔ.إﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ ﺣﻤﻮراﺑﻲ وﻣﻦ. اﻹﺳﻼم واﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ٦٣٧ وﺟﺎء ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﺮب إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم.اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ دﺧﻮل اﻟﻌﺮب ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻐﺪاد ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﺳﺴﻬﺎ ﻫﺎرون١٢٥٨ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻌﺎم٧٥٠ اﻟﻌﺎم أﺻﺒﺢ اﻟﻌﺮاق١٩٢٠ وﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم.١٩١٦ ﺿﻢ اﻟﻌﺮاق إﻟﻰ اﻻﻣﺒﺮﻃﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم.اﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺷﻬﺪ.١٩٣٤ واﻛﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻓﻲ أراﺿﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم١٩٣٢ اﺳﺘﻘﻞ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم.ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮة ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻼ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻄﻮرات اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﻴﻔﺔ وآﺧﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻴﻮم ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻏﺰﺗﻪ َ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﺗﺎرﻳﺨَﺎ ﺣﺎﻓ .أﻣﻴﺮﻳﻜﺎ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد وﻳﻨﺘﺞ. وﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﻴﺮاد اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ. ﻣﻦ واردات اﻟﻌﺮاق%98 ﻳﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ وﺻﺎدراﺗﻪ . ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﺮاق%20 واﻟﺘﻤﻮر وﺗﻐﻄﻲ اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ ﻧﺤﻮ، وﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻜﻤﻴﺎت ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ،اﻟﻌﺮاق اﻟﻘﻄﻦ
Area Population Capital Government Ethnic group Language Religion Currency
: 196,235 sm. : 26, 339,000 : Baghdad : Republic : 77% Arab, 19% Kurds : Arabic : Islam : Iraqi Dinar
Climate and vegetations Iraq’s climate varies from temperate in the north to subtropical in the south and east. The central feature is the lack of adequate rainfall except in the north- eastern part of the country. Forests cover 3% of the land. Grass and small short shrubs grow in the north. Dates grow in the sandy north part of Iraq. History and politics The ancient region of MESOPOTAMIA roughly corresponds with modern Iraq. Sumaria was the first great civilization in Iraq and it was established in the year 3000 BC. In the 18th century BC Hammurabi established the first \Babylon empire. That empire collapsed in the 8th century BC. The Assyrians ruled Iraq and it was also part of the Persian Empire the advent of the Arabs to the land. The Arabs brought with them in 637 a d Islam and the Arabic language. From 750 and up to the year 1258, Baghdad was the capital of the vast Islamic state established by the Abbasid caliphates. Iraq was part of the Ottoman Empire in 1916. In 1920 it was colonized by the British. In 1932 Iraq was declared independent and oil was discovered in the year 1934. Iraq’s political history is very turbulent and times it witnessed very violent events. The last episode of this history is the war against Iraq launched by the Americans and the armed resistance launched by the Iraqis against the occupation of their country.
اﻛـ
اﷲ
Economy Oil industry and exports constitute 98% of the national income. Food -stuffs are imported. It produces limited quantities of cotton and dates. Agriculture covers 20% of the Iraqi lands.