Architecture and Energy 3 ‘s Feng Shui Housing 2009 - 2010 Design Thesis by Liu, Ko-cheng
Supervisor01: Prof. Daniel Dendra Supervisor02: Prof. Thomas Auer
Politics Society
History
Eastern Architecture
Feng Shui
? Feng Shui = Sustainability
Environment
DIA Dessau Institute of Architecture
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Chapter03
Chapter07
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Chapter01
Chapter05
Architecture and Energy: 3 ‘ S Feng Shui Housing Sustainability Society Surrounding
Master Student: Liu, Ko-cheng Advisor01: Prof. Daniel Dendra Advisor02: Prof. Thomas Auer
Introduction Feng Shui has been existing for thousands of years and still plays a pivot role in Asia due to the great influences of human beings. It is related to the very sensible notion that living with nature in order to benefit humans and the environment. However, most of the roles of Feng Shui are still mysterious and people still don’t know how it works properly. Especially, for some people, it seems to be regarded as some kinds of superstition. What’s more, Feng Shui is also highly associated with architectural field and this offers me a great opportunity to unveil the myth of Feng Shui. According to the notion of Feng Shui, it is about the sustainability, but this is still a question mark of how they are connected between each other. Therefore, in my design thesis, I would use the computational programs and prove Feng Shui can work efficiently in terms of sustainable architecture, besides the investigation of Feng Shui principles. As a result, the final goal is to design a sustainable housing based on the logic of Feng Shui and have a better and comfortable living style for people in the future.
Politics History
Society
Eastern Architecture Feng Shui
Environment
Feng Shui is related to the very sensible notion that living with rather than against nature benefits humans and their environment.
? Feng Shui = Sustainability
Contents Chapter 01 : How does Feng Shui influence the world?
01
Research from the google result
02
Ideology: Feng Shui as design criteria
03
Chapter 02 : Introduction of Feng Shui
05
Introduction of Feng Shui History
05
Explanation of Feng Shui Principles
07
Chapter 03 : Living Situation in Taiwan
09
Research of housing distribution and styles
11
The changes of family members over 100 years
13
Chapter 04 : Survey _ Single Person
15
Questionaire for single persons in Taiwan
17
Chapter 05 : Demonstration
19
Highlight of traditonal Feng Shui Pattern
21
Urban Pattern generation
23
Environmental Analysis
25
Analysis of Sustainability
27
Chapter 06 : Feng Shui _ Architectural Design
33
Architectural Feng Shui design for urban pattern
35
Chapter 07 : Feng Shui _ Architectural Drawing Urban drawing and perspective
Chapter 08 : Feng Shui _ Conclusion Rendering with perspective
43 45
47 49
Chapter 01 How does Feng Shui influence the world? “Feng Shui” in the internet Top 10 population in the world Google Results
In this chapter, I would mainly introduce the impacts of Feng Shui on the world and look at the potential of it. First of all, I pick up top 10 populations of the countries in the world to see the distribution and percentages of the overall statistics. Most importantly, I start to google the keyword “Feng Shui” on the internet among these 10 countries and calculate how many results it shows. Moreover, I specifically choose another 2 brands which are greatly famous, McDonald’s and Coca Cola as my references and then rank these 3 results based on the same conditions. Lastly, after the comparison, this helps us to understand that Feng Shui actually has also hightly influences on the earth.
01
Population 1 billion + 100 million + 50 million + 25 million + 10 million + 1 million + < 1 million 10,000,000 Results
1,000,000 Results
3,410,000 Results
2,840,000 Results
10,326,000 Results
3,330,000 Results
2,583,000 Results 519,000 Results
2,100,000 Results
1,040,000 Results
1,930,000 Results
2,630,000 Results
979,000 Results
2,150,000 Results
6,090,000 Results
334,000 Results
432,000 Results
758,000 Results
2.4% of world population
341,000 Results
1,130,000 Results
2,250,000 Results
3.5% of world population
1.9% of world population
1,980,000 Results
19.8% of world population
344,000 Results
2.1% of world population
631,000 Results
654,000 Results
713,000 Results
17.5% of world population
28,100,000 Results
451,000 Results
374,000 Results
2.2% of world population 2.5% of world population
9,060,000 Results
312,000 Results
4.5% of world population 2.8% of world population
7,880,000 Results
02
How do Architectural Languages change the world? There have been a lot of architectural books existing among all the countries. For example, in Europe, “Architect’s Data”, edited by Neufert has great impacts and it has been a well-accepted criteria that designers use it a lot. What’s more, in U SA, “A p attern Language” i s also h ighly taken into c onsideration and regarded as an important book for architects. However, in Asia, there is still not a quite f amous a rchitectural book t hat people can agree with. Based o n the previous research, as far as I consider, I would start to take Feng Shui as design well-known. Hopefully, the design book based on Feng Shui can also become “Architect’s Data” that people all over the world can use it and design sustainable architecture.
04
Chapter 02 Introduction of Feng Shui History
Public Construction
Housing
Feng Shui was mainly adopted into public construction.
Feng Shui helped choose the location of site.
F c
Feudal Society 4000 B.C.
05
1660 A.C.
Colonization Period
Baroque Style
?
Revolution of housing style
eudal Society, but housing can be onstructed based o n Feng Shui
1895 A.C.
1945 A.C.
1980 A.C.
2009 A.C.
Feng Shui Environment Society
Future
Restoration
06
Sha (Negative Energy)
Chi (Positive Energy)
< 20 m2
Introduction of Feng Shui Principles Less than 20 m2 of bed room is good condition according to feng shui.
Bed Room Heat
Pollution
Noise
Avoid having large-scaled windows and balcony in bed room South Facing Orientation
Solution
Feng Shui Perspective
Bed Room
Living Room Avoid having the direct view of window when entering the bed room Solution
Feng Shui Perspective
Kitchen Yang is described as nal, active, strong and ascending
Courtyard
Yang
The front door should not have a view of the back door Solution
Feng Shui Perspective
Bed Room Storage Air would go straight weaks the ventilation The front entrance should not face the upstairs stairway Solution
Feng Shui Perspective
Noise Pollution
Solution
07
Avoid building at the junction of a T-street or at the end of a cul-de-sac because these locations are on the receiving Feng Shui Perspective
Stop the freezing wind in winter Mountain
Mountain
Bring cool wind in summer
River
Best Site
Solution
Feng Shui Perspective
River
The bestt site for su nded house is surround surrounded untainss and by mountains ver. confrontt the riv river.
Peaceful and help people calm down
Help cool down the temperature
Feng Shui Perspective Water is very ve important and its positioning is vital to improving position Chi and confounding Sha Ch
Right
Due to the unequal height, the
South
Right
Left
left side in terms of sun projection.
Left
Feng Shui Perspective
Solution
To have the right side low and the left side high are both unlucky
Yin
Courtyard
Skylight
The skylight helps improve the ventilation and increase the amount of daylight.
Yin energy is described as watery, cool, dark, night, internal, peaceful, gentle and descending
Feng Shui Perspective Courtyard or skylight is good for getting positive energy with symmetrical geometry. Due to the triangle geometry, the next building might get too much negitave energy.
Feng Shui Perspective
Solution
Houses or buildings on triangular plots of land will bring bad luck because the strange shape attracts Sha
Avoid having a straight road leading directly to the home, with people coming and going it will dissipate the
Feng Shui Perspective
Noise Pollution
Solution
08
Chapter 03
09
Living Situation in Taiwan Before going t hrough t he design content, i t is helpful and important to have a broadly understanding of living situation examples o f housing styles i n Taiwan, but t he living situation over 100 years. Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s more, I especially highlight the local and national events during these 10 decades to see if these events have crucial impacts on the housing involvement. Most of all, has occupied a large amount of percentages among the overall demographics and t he numbers is still a rising. Therefore, nity to explore deeply on this group and then go on to the next step to understand their basic needs and interests.
10
Housing Distribution Majority of housing typologies
Kaohsiung Town
Taipei City
Village Traditional House
Taitung Village
Housing Typology
Town
Town House
City Apartment
Tower
Style01
Common hosing styles
Style02 C
A
Apartment Tower
Main
B
B
Main
A 1st Floor
2nd Floor
Main
Town House
3rdFloor
A Main
B
4thFloor
C
Worship Bed Room Living Room
A
dining Room Balcony Toilet Kitchen
11
Garage Storage
Main
Traditional House
0
3 6 Scale
9m
C
B
E
D
25 m2
Average Square meters per person for housing in Taipei City
36 m2
1200
32 m2
120
0891
5091
600
1000
60
400
100
40
200
800
2006
80
Oil Price Statistic
1973
1980 980
20 0
1905
Oil Price, Annual Statistic Oil Consumption, Taiwan
2009
Thousand Barrels / day
9002
U.S Dollars $
12
Living Situation in Taiwan Point 1: Research in the changes of family member over 100 years Point 2: Research of potential group (single person) over 100 years Point 3: Lists of local and global events over 100 years Taipei City Kaohsiung Town Taitung Village 1 million people
100,000 Families
Single
15% of population is single
6 5
3 2
Members of Family per family
4
World War I
1
World War II Great Depression
Global Events 1905 Taiwan Events
1914 1915
1918 1920
1925
1929 1930
1933 1935
1939 1940
1945 1945 1949 Japan
Revolution of Industry Agriculture
Industry
R.O.C
Taipei as Capital
Taiwan Retrocession
Revolution of modern architecture
New Thinking of Architecture Walter Gropius, L
Population Density 13
25% of population is single
Total Population
23
Million People
Million n People l
21 2 18 15 12
17957
Oil Crisis 1973 1971 1974
1956
f
33% of population is single
1960
Energy Iran窶的raq Energy Crisis War Crisis 1979 1980 1988 1980 1990
Asian Subprime mortgage crisis Financial Crisis Financial Crisis 1997 2007 10,000 0 000 2000 2009 8,000
Electronic Engineering
Industrial Propersity Taiwan Quit United Nations
Ten Major Construction Projects
6,000
Four Asian Tigers Promotion of Green Architecture
4,000
Golden Period for Economic Development 452
Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright etc.
person/km2 2,000
79
14
Chapter 04
15
Survey_Single Person According to previous research over 100 years, I pick up single person as my potential group, and want to have further study of them. Hence, I m ake a series o f questionnaires for 150 s ingle persons and make a basic statistics in the end to see the distribution of each result. Especially, Feng Shui design, as a result, is also a n important issue for this t arget g roup. Overall, a ll t he results in this survey would be one of my main design foundations and help develop the project during the process.
16
Family Members
16.11%
Questionaires for 150 single person
8.91%
1.98% others
4 members of family might be the trend in the future
11.41%
49.66%
14.77%
Needs
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
User
Single Persons
J
K
L
M
N
P
Activity
150 140 130 120 110 90
100 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
B
C
D
E
F
Living Room Kitchen Feng Shui Design Balcony Garage Dinning Room Reading Room High Classic Bathroom Working Room Garden Recreational Room Common Room Exhibition Room Practing Room Others
A
Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s your hobby at home?
If you want to buy a house, what kind of functions are necessary to you?
150 140 130 120 110 90
100 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
G
H
I
J
A B C D E F G H I J
Internet Surfing TV Watching Reading Com. Game Playing Pet Raising House Party Handicraft Body Exercise Cooking Others
17
If married, how many members do you want in your family?
Survey_Single Person
82
+
Gender
Basic Survey
Person
68
Average Age: 26.95
79.87 % Yes
77.85 % Yes
No
No
Do you want to have marriage?
50 % Yes
Are you still living with your parents?
No
There is a sustainable building which cost more than buying a normal one, but this can help you save many energy costs in the future. Do you still want to buy this sustainable housing?
Sustainability & building typology
= 150
Do you want to have your own house? 93.14 % Yes No
24.16% Tower
4.7% 1.34%
Finance
Single Apartment Others
What kind of building do you want to live most?
27.52% Apartment
42.28% Town House
Profession
Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s your profession?
10.67%
11.33% Administration
14% Education
5.88%
5.88%
Sales
Unenployment Doctor, Lawyer etc.
6%
33.33% Engineering
18
Chapter 05
19
Demonstration According to previous research over 100 years, I pick up single person as my potential group, and want to have further study of them. Hence, I m ake a series o f questionnaires for 150 s ingle persons and make a basic statistics in the end to see the distribution of each result. Especially, Feng Shui design, as a result, is also a n important issue for this t arget g roup. Overall, a ll t he results in this survey would be one of my main design foundations and help develop the project during the process.
20
Demonstration
21
22
_
Housing Urban01
Building Blocks: 52 Bulk Converage Ratio: 1
Urban02
Urban03
Building Blocks: 52 Bulk Converage Ratio: 1
Building Blocks: 52 Bulk Converage Ratio: 1
8mx8m At least 5 m
8mx8m At least 5 m
Sharp Edge South Facing
8mx8m At least 5 m
Urban04
Building Blocks: 5 Bulk Converage Rati 8mx8m At least 5 m
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Infrastruct
Housing Block
Housing Block
Housing Block
Housing Bl
Master Plan
Master Plan
Master Plan
Worst Feng Shui
23
Feng Shui
Master Pla
_ Urban Planning
4
52 io: 1
Urban05
Building Blocks: 52 Bulk Converage Ratio: 1 8mx8m At least 5 m
Urban06
Building Blocks: 52 Bulk Converage Ratio: 1 8mx8m At least 5 m
Urban07
Building Blocks: 52 Bulk Converage Ratio: 1 8mx8m At least 5 m
ure
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
ock
Housing Block
Housing Block
Housing Block
Master Plan
Master Plan
Master Plan
an
Best Feng Shui
24
Environment
Highest
Urban03
4
6
7
Average Value: 55172 Wh
Average Value: 63095 Wh
Average Value: 63877 Wh
8
4
7
Highest
5
Average Valu
Lowest
Daylight Factor (Unit: Lux)
9
Average Value: 5353 Lux
4
Average Value: 5713 Lux
9
Ex: Urban01 Mark = 4 x 50 % + 9 x 25% + 4 x 25% =5.3
25
Urb
Contours of Velocity Magnitude(m/s)
Urban02
Highest
Lowest
Urban01
Lowest
Sun Exposure (Unit: Wh)
Air Flow Simulation
Velocity
45%
Average Value: 5767 Lux
10 Best
Average Valu
7
ban04
8
ue: 58094 Wh
7
ue: 5557 Lux
7
Urban05
Urban06
Urban07
50%
10 Best
5
9
25%
Average Value: 55449 Wh
Average Value: 58664 Wh
Average Value: 53213 Wh
8
6
10 Best
25%
Average Value: 5456 Lux
6
Average Value: 5705 Lux
Average Value: 5417 Lux
8
5
26
Society
45%
Urban01
Urban02
Urban03
U
influiencial Depth
Highest
Index
Lowest
Space Syntax (Depth)
Comple
4
6
9
Distance fro B
B
217.7 2 77 7m m 217.7m
B
14 1 4 .4m .4 4m m 141.4m A
4
163.4m 163 4m m A
10 Best
Ex: Urban02 Mark = 6 x 50 % + 10 x 50% = 8
27
B
1 A
9
rban04
Urban05
Urban06
Urban07
exity fo Street
50%
5
7
8
10 Best
m A point to B point B
B
B
50% 200m 20 2 0 00 00m 0m
199.8m 19 199 .8 8m A 6
199.3m 19 1 9.3m 3m m A
5
199.5m 1 199 99 9.5 5m 5m A
8
A 7
28
Economic
10%
A = Total Area V = Total Volume
29
Urban01
Urban02
Urban03
A 12672 = = 0.53 V 29952
8622 A = = 0.4 V 29952
9216 A = = 0.42 V 29952
5
10 Best
9
Urba
A 109 = V 299
7
an04
944 = 0.48 952
7
Urban05
Urban06
Urban07
A 12096 = = 0.51 V 29952
A 10368 = = 0.46 V 29952
A 14976 = = 0.61 V 29952
6
8
4
30
Sustainability Enviornment 45% Society 45% Economic 10% Average Mark
Urban01
Urban02
Urban03
5.3
6.5
7.0
4.0
8.0
9.0
5.0
10.0
9.0
4.7
7.5
8.0
Ex: Urban01 5.3 x 45% + 4.0 x 45% + 5.0 x 10% = 4.7 Urban01
Feng Shui _ Ho 31
Urban04
Urban05
Urban06
Urban07
7.5
8.5
6.0
8.6
5.5
6.0
6.0
8.5
7.0
6.0
8.0
4.0
6.6
6.1
6.2
8.1
Urban07
ousing Typology 32
Chapter 06
33
Feng Shui_Architectural Design After a series of urban analysis according to 3 different perspectives, environment, society and economic all of which are related to the ideology of sustainability, apparently, we can see that the principles of Feng Shui is actually helping improve the urban design. Concerning with these advantages, I take 2 of those patterns, best result and worst result to go onto next stage, changing the housing typologies by Feng Shui architectural rules and then test it again to see if it works much better than the original one. In this way, I can actually prove that Feng Shui can increase the possibilities of sustainability with urban and architectural design.
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Center
Orientation
Friends
Career
Knowledge
1/3
Children Creativity
Center
Family
1/3
Relationships
Fame
Wealth
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
Social Value
Elements
Housing Ty
35
ypology
Inner Courtyard
Outer Courtyard
Outer Courtyard
36
Urban07
Urban Analysis
Architectural Analysis
Infrastructure
Air Flow Simulation
Air Flow Simulation
Housing Block
Sun Exposure
Sun Exposure
Average Value: 53213 Wh
Average Value: 12735 Lux
Daylight
Daylight
Average Value: 5417 Lux
Average Value: 370 Lux
Building Blocks: 52 Bulk Converage Ratio: 1 64 m2 At least 5 m
Master Plan
35
Urban07_rev01
Urban Analysis
Architectural Design
Architectural Analysis
Building Blocks: 52 Bulk Converage Ratio: 1 64 m2 At least 5 m
Infrastructure
Air Flow Simulation
Air Flow Simulation
Housing Block
Sun Exposure
Sun Exposure
Average Value: 47779 Wh
Master Plan
Daylight
Average Value: 5243 Lux
Average Value: 12452 Wh
Daylight
Average Value: 375 Lux
36
Urban01
Urban Analysis
Architectural Analysis
Infrastructure
Air Flow Simulation
Air Flow Simulation
Housing Block
Sun Exposure
Sun Exposure
Average Value: 55172 Wh
Average Value: 12295 Wh
Daylight
Daylight
Average Value: 5353 Lux
Average Value: 244 Lux
Building Blocks: 52 Bulk Converage Ratio: 1 64 m2 At least 5 m
Master Plan
37
Urban01_rev01
Urban Analysis
Architectural Analysis
Infrastructure
Air Flow Simulation
Air Flow Simulation
Housing Block
Sun Exposure
Sun Exposure
Architectural Design
Building Blocks: 52 Bulk Converage Ratio: 1 64 m2 At least 5 m
Average Value: 48177 Wh
Master Plan
Average Value: 12185 Lux
Daylight
Daylight
Average Value: 5290 Lux
Average Value: 284 Lux
38
Housing Connections
Center
Center
Inner Courtyard
39
Center
Outer Courtyard
Center
Center
Center
40
Final Urban Pattern
Building Typology
Infrustrature
41
Environment Final Urban Pattern
10
Average Value: 48177 Wh
10
Average Value: 5290 Lux
4
Society
8 B
197.4 M 10
A
Economic A 19032 = = 0.64 V 29952 4
Average Mark
8.3
42
Chapter 07
43
Feng Shui_Architectural Drawing During the comparison of these two patterns, both of them have their own advantages, and I specifically choose urban pattern02 as my final result to start architectural drawing. On one hand, the architecture has keeping involving and the grid street has less potential to develop compared to the other one. Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s more, the varies of urban pattern02 offers more opportunities to create and design the architecture. Therefore, I decide to take one of the houses from this pattern and put more architectural drawing into it.
44
Hous
4
5
6 5 6
3
2
4
7
3
2 1
1 7 1
5 4
8
6 2 3 1. Aisle 2. Living Room 3. Stairs 4. Kitchen 5. Dining Room 6. W.C.
45
Master Plan Scale: 1:500
N
Ground Floor
7. Inner Courtyard
Scale: 1:100
8. Outer Courtyard
ing
_
_
Feng Shui
Architecture
9
10 10
12
9
14
10
12
14
10
13
12 11
15
13
10
11 10 15
15
11 9
10
14
10
10
12
12
13 9. Master Bed Room 10. Bed Room 11. Shower Room 2nd Floor
12. Storage Room
3rd Floor
Scale: 1:100
13. Laundry Room
Scale: 1:100
14. Study Room 15. Balcony
46
Chapter 08
47
Feng Shui_Conclusion The logic of Feng Shui has been existing for thousands of years and used broadly to extend the maximum potential of it because many people believe it can bring more sustainable and comfortable life; however, because of its mysterious history without scientific back up, it is considered as superstition among some people. By taking this chance, I have some further progress and operations methods of how I can use Feng Shui as design criteria to design a sustainable house with different perspectives in my thesis. During the progress, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s apparent to see that Feng Shui actually takes simply rules based on symmetry system to create space that people can equally use it and avoid unfair events take place, for example, the traditional courtyard house. In a way, architecture is still involving and will be changed in the further, and what I have been thinking is that Feng Shui is one of the important paths that we architects can use and transform it into buildings over the world since this is highly associated with sustainability that people nowadays highly concern about it.
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49
50
51
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