obstacle for the restoration of the region after the war. On the other hand, the existance of the Ukrainian nationalists and their armed groups became an issue. UPA and OUN were widely condemned, and called “fascist henchmen” and “Romanian helpers”. Firstly and foremost, the articles discredit their activity during the war and the occupation. They described the acts of terror and gave examples of the collaboration between the Germans and the Romanians,91 creating a menacing and criminal image of the latter. We couldn't find any examples of the nationalists' activity in the post-war years (most likely, such information was classified), but the problematic of the “banderovshchina” (in rus. banderism) on the pages of newspapers, implies the permanent threat of these forces in the region, in the examined period. It was that threat, that caused the ideological struggle with these groups, through propaganda in newspapers.
The Archive The study of the documents from the State Archive of the Chernivtsy region (SACR) helped us in understanding the context, in which the events in question happened. In this archive, there are materials on the socioeconomic situation of the region, various documentation on office work, in different Soviet administrative bodies from the 1940s. It is interesting, how the official position on collectivization and on social transformation of the socialist type, is characterized in the stenogram of the intelligentsia meeting of the Chernivtsy region, on the 17th of January 1945. It was a politicized meeting, and there the Ukrainian nationalists and the Kulaks, were discussed of as one and the same: “the Ukrainian-German nationalists are an offspring of the Kulaks. They are the people, to whom the Kolkhoz will not bring joy, whom the Kolkhoz will force to toil”.92 Statements of that kind were repeated by other participants. One of the 91
Radyanska Bukovyna, 22nd of August 1944 - O. Gutorovich, Khto vbivtsі?; Radyanska Bukovyna, 13th of March 1945 - Zabuyalo zhittya v Sergiyakh. 92 The State Archive of the Chernivtsy region [SACR], Fund Р-4, Inventory 9 VIII 73, p. 91. 45