candidate gene information identified in this study will be an important resource in marker-assisted selection for aphid resistance and for cloning the gene. Notes: Cited Reference Count: 43 ref. URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/f6088u3282316444/ Author Address: USA XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Author: Kim M, Kim SC, Song KJ, Kim HB, Kim IJ, Song EY, Chun SJ, Year: 2010 Title: * Transformation of carotenoid biosynthetic genes using a micro-cross section method in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward). Journal: Plant Cell Rep. 2010 Sep 15. [Epub ahead of print] Label: Bioengineering Composition Nutrition Keywords: Agrobacterium-mediated transformation - Carotenoid biosynthetic genes - Kiwifruit - Micro-cross sections Abstract: Genetic transformation using a micro-cross section (MCS) technique was conducted to improve the carotenoid content in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward). The introduced carotenoid biosynthetic genes include geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPS), phytoene desaturase (PDS), ?-carotene desaturase (ZDS), ?-carotene hydroxylase (CHX), and phytoene synthase (PSY). The transformed explants were selected on half-strength MS medium containing 0.001 mg l(-1) of 2,4-D and 0.1 mg l(-1) of zeatin, either 5 mg l(-1) hygromycin or 25 mg l(-1) kanamycin, and 500 mg l(-1) cefotaxime. The genomic PCR, genomic Southern blot analysis, and RT-PCR were performed to confirm the integration and expression of the transgenes. The transformation efficiencies of either kanamycin- or hygromycin-resistant shoots ranged from 2.9 to 22.1% depending on the target genes, and from 2.9 to 24.2% depending on the reporter genes. The selection efficiencies ranged from 66.7 to 100% for the target genes and from 95.8 to 100% for the reporter genes. Changes of carotenoid content in the several PCR-positive plants were determined by UPLC analysis. As a result, transgenic plants expressing either GGPS or PSY increased about 1.2- to 1.3-fold in lutein or ?-carotene content compared to non-transgenic plants. Our results suggest that the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiency of kiwifruit can be greatly increased by this MCS method and that the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway can be modified in kiwifruit by genetic transformation. Our results further suggest that GGPS and PSY genes could be major target genes to increase carotenoid contents in kiwifruit. Notes: 52 Ref. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20842364 Author Address: Agricultural Research Center for Climate Change, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju, 690-150, Korea. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Author: Kim NH, Choi HW, Hwang BK, Year: 2010 Title: * Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria effector AvrBsT induces cell death in pepper, but suppresses defense responses in tomato. Journal: Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 2010 Aug;23(8):1069-82. Accession Number: CABI:20103251639 Label: BaRe Physiol Keywords: apoptosis; chillies; disease resistance; gene expression; genes; genetic transformation; genetically engineered microorganisms; mutants; mutations; plant diseases; plant pathogenic bacteria; plant pathogens; tomatoes; bacterium; genetically modified microorganisms; GMOs; Lycopersicon esculentum; phytopathogenic bacteria; phytopathogens; plant-pathogenic bacteria; resistance to disease; transgenic microorganisms Abstract: A type III effector protein, AvrBsT, is secreted into plant cells from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria Bv5-4a, which causes bacterial spot disease on pepper (Capsicum annuum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). To define the function and recognition of AvrBsT in the two host plants, avrBsT was introduced into the virulent pepper strain X. campestris pv. vesicatoria Ds1. Expression of AvrBsT in Ds1 rendered the strain avirulent to pepper plants. Infection of pepper leaves with Ds1 (avrBsT) expressing AvrBsT but not with
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