rabeendra_nath-er_chokhe_nari by Md Zakir Hossain Shomi

rbIÆÅnaeTr ŸcaeK "narI' hW ûmayun Vjad

pàb-1 rbIÆÅnaT, r›eSa raiônedr mt†, pur›xteÇ½r mHapur›x; …b„ pãBaibt iCeln w† dujn, w Vera Aenkek idey| ŸramaiÆFk iCeln itin, …b„ iCeln iBe¢arIy; narI Ÿpãm kibta, smaj, s„sar, rajnIit, jIbn, …b„ Vr smó» ikCu sÚpeàk DarNa ŸpeyiCeln itin piëcemr ŸramaiÆFk w iBe¢arIyedr kaeC; …b„ Ÿssebr saeT imiSey ideyiCeln itin BartIy Babbad ba ŸBjal| rbIÆÅnaeTr icÇ»ay ŸmOilktÔ Kub† km, taƒr smaj w rajnIit-ibxyk icÇ»ar sbFa† baitl Hbar ŸZagY| r›eSa w raiônedr narI ibxyk ŸlKar saeT pirict iCeln itin, ŸbaJa Zay| narI sÚpeàk taƒr Aenk ˆi¹¡† r›eSa-raiônedr pãitDÕin| imelr saeTw pirict iCeln Zidw imelr saeT taƒr iml iCela na; taƒr iml iCl ŸFinsenr saeT; …b„ ipãeÆsesr narI ibxyk DarNaek kaej laigeyiCeln icºa˜day| taƒr narI DarNa ŸramaiÆFk; baó»b narI itin ŸdeKeCn, teb Aenk ŸbSI ŸdeKeCn ÷epÈr narI| ŸramaiÆFekr ŸcaeK narImaº† tr›nI, rœpsI, mans suÆdrI, ŸdbI; Vr tara inejra Ÿdbta| tara Abaó»b narIr ˆpask, tara jnM jnMaÇ»r Der ó»b ker ŸZet paer Ÿlake¹ar narIr; teb baó»eb narI taedr kaeC gâiHnI, suÆdr ker Zaek bla Ht "gâHlQMI'| ŸramaiÆFekra AHimkay CaiRey Zay ibDataekw, tara manssuÆdrIr ó»b krelw tara inejra inejedr ŸdeK narIr sãñarœep| rbIÆÅnaTw ta† ŸdeKeCn| rbIÆÅnaT Aprœp rœpsI narIr ó»bgan kereCn ikÇ¼ narIr baó»b Aió»tÔ Aenk smy ÷Ikar kernin| rbIÆÅnaT narIek ŸdKet pCÆd kretn ÷epÈ w Ger, narI ÷epÈ Takeb, n†el Takeb Ger; baó»ebr AnY ekaTaw Takeb na| du† Ÿban (1339) ˆpnYaesr ìr›et itin mÇ»bY kereCn, "Ÿmeyra du† jaetr, Ÿkan Ÿkan pi¸etr kaeC …mn kTa ìeniC| …kjat pãDant ma, Vr-…k jat ipãya|' Ÿkan Ÿkan pi¸etr kaeC …Fa taƒr ŸSanar drkar iCl na, …Fa taƒr inejr† kTa; …kiF puera ˆpnYas ileKiCeln itin … kTa pãmaN krar jnY†| rbIÆÅnaT ibSÿasI iCeln na narImui¹¡et, Zidw taƒr Ÿkan Ÿkan p„i¹¡ narIbadIedr †SetHaerr mt ŸSanay; itin ibSÿasI iCeln pur›xteÇ½ w pur›xaiDpetY| iBe¢arIy Ger-ba†er te¹Ô taƒr Vóùa iCl dâ•, … naem …kiF ˆpnYas ileK ta itin ŸdiKeyeCn; …b„ narI pãkáit bel pur›xtÇ½ ŸZ ˆpkTa otrI keriCela, itin iCeln taet AÉ ibSÿasI| rbIÆÅnaeTr narI-DarNa r›eSa- raiôn-ŸFinsenr narI DarNar† ba–ail rœp; taƒedr mt† itin iBÊ Baxay ikCuFa BartIy Babaebg imiSey pãkaS kereCn| rbIÆÅnaT imº iTeln na narIr, iCeln narIr pãitpeQr …kjn bR Ÿsnapit| itin www.allbdbooks.com

ŸceyiCeln narIra Ger Takeb, ÷amIr Ÿsba kreb, sÇ»an paln kreb; teb ikCu narI Takeb, Zara kibta pReb, Vr Heb taƒr mt kibr …kaÇ» AnuraignI| narI sÚpeàk itin ileKeCn pãcur; kibta, ˆpnYas, gæp, pãbÉ, BaxN, ÙmNkaiHnIet barbar itin kTa beleCn narI sÚpeàk- ba–ail, Barit, ibediS …b„ snatnI, SaSÿtI, icrÇ»nI, klYaNI sÚpeàk| taƒr kTa DaƒDay Bra, Aenk smy kTa blar jnY† bla| Guireyepicey suÆdr kTa Aenk beleCn, Za pãTm men Hy cm‡kar; ikÇ¼ …kFu Babel† Dra peR ŸZ narIek itin men kern AsÚpUàN manux| rbIÆÅnaeTr ŸcaeK pur›exr ibkaS GeFeC, ibbàtn GeFeC sb ikCur; ìDu ibkaS ibbàtn GeFin narIr; …b„ itin can narIr ibkaS na GFuk, narI Taek Zak Vidmtma ba icrÇ»nI| pur›x mHajgt Ÿpirey cel Zak, ikÇ¼ narI Tak™k Gerr ŸkaeN klYanI Hey| pueraena Baretr vixedr meta VDuink Baretr …-vix k™‡sa rFanin narIr naem, br„ pãitbad kereCn w† sb ASåIl k™‡sar; teb pueraena vixra narIedr ŸZKaen w ŸZ Buimkay ŸdKet pCÆd kreta, itinw pCÆd kretn ta†| baó»b narI taƒr ŸcaeK gâiHnI, Vr Abaó»b narI mans suÆdrI, …mnik jIbnedbta| pueraena vixedr mans suÆdrIr ŸmaH iCl na, teb ŸramaiÆFk rbIÆÅnaeTr Ÿs-ŸmaH iCl pãbl; w† ŸmaHFuk™ bad idel narI He¬C gâiHnI : jaya w jnnI| narI ŸZ Kaƒcay bÆdI, …Fa taƒr ŸcaeK peReC; teb itin Kaƒcar rœep† mu© HeyeCn, men kereCn narI VeC ŸZn "Ÿsanar Kaƒcay'| narI ŸZ ŸSkel bÆdI taw tar ŸcaeK peReC, teb itin mu© HeyeCn ŸSkelr rœep†, men kereCn ŸSkliF Ÿsanar| narI ZKn bÆdI, rbIÆÅnaeTr ŸcaeK narI tKn "klYanI'| rbIÆÅnaeTr narI DarNar ibbàtn per Velacna kreba, ìr›et taƒr duiF kibta peR inet ca†, Ÿknna w† kibta duiFet pãkaS ŸpeyeC taƒr narI DarNar sÚpUàNrœp : narIr baó»bta w Abaó»bta| Ÿsanar trI (1300) kaebY VeC …kiF kibta, Zar nam "Ÿsanar baƒDn' : bÆdI Hey VC tuim sumDur ŸøeH Aiy gâHlQMI, …† kr›N º¡Ædn …† duWKEdenY Bra manebr ŸgeH| ta† duiF baû'per suÆdrbÉn Ÿsanar k«n duiF biHeteC ŸdeH ìBicH¡, iniKelr nynnÆdn| pur›exr du† baû ikNa«-kifn s„sar s„gãaem, sda bÉnHIn; ZuÁ-ÃÆÃ Zt ikCu indar›n kaej biH¡baN bjäsm sàbº ÷aDIn| tuim bÁ ŸøH-Ÿpãm-kr›Nar maeJwww.allbdbooks.com

ìDu ìBkàm, ìDu Ÿsba iniSidn Ÿtamar bûet ta† Ÿk idyaeC Fain, du†iF Ÿsanar gi¸, kaƒkn duKain| (cleb) =================== VgamI pãkaSnI ŸTek pãkaiSt ûmayun Vjaedr "narI' gãÇù Het s„gâHIt|

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rbIÆÅnaeTr ŸcaeK "narI' hW ûmayun Vjad

pàb-2 puàbbàtI pãkaeSr pr .......

iBe¢arIy †„erj, ba ŒinSStekr iÃtIyaeàD ba–ail BÅelak gâiHnIek ŸZBaeb VdàSaiyt k'er suK Ÿpt, …et rœpaiyt HeyeC Ÿs CibiF†| …r saeT baó»eb Ÿkan iml Ÿn†| BÅelak ba–ailr ŸcaeK Za "" gâH lQMI '', iBe¢airyIedr ŸcaeK ta " AYae²l †n id Haˆs ', duiF† suBaxN| kibtaiF baó»b Baeb pRel ŸbaJa Zay ŸZ …kiF ÷aDIn ŸdbIek biÆd kra HeyeC ba ŸbƒeD ŸPla HeyeC, baDƒniF AbSY Ÿsanar| bÆdI w† ŸdbIr duWK VeC ikna taet kibr Ÿkan ˆ‡saH Ÿn†; taek ŸZ bÆdI kra HeyeC, …Fa† ŸbS ÷ió»kr| …et ó»b kra He¬C ŸSkliFr†| narI bÆdI, bÆdItÔ† tar suK| pur›x ÷aDIn bIr, sb smy s„gãam k'r cleC; pur›x …eta† bIr ŸZ Ÿs bÉnHIn ŸdbIek w ŸbƒeD ŸPeleC| …Kn ŸdbIr kaj ìDu "ìBkàm, ìDu Ÿsba kra iniSidn '| Zid w† ìBkàm w iniSidn Ÿsbar …kiF tailka kra Zay, taHel ŸdbI Vr ŸdbI Taek na, Hey ˆef gâHpircairka| w† ŸdbI Gum ŸTek ˆef† kaej Ÿleg Zay, basn maej, ÷amIr Kabar otrI ker, SÿaìRIr Kabar itrïar ŸSaen, ÷amIr jamar Ÿbatam Ÿsla† ker, bCer bCer Ÿna„ra VƒturGer ba¬ca ibeyay, ibeyaet igey mara Zay Aenek†, Vr Zara Ÿbƒec Taek taedr Vr Za-† ŸHak, rœp naemr ikCu Taek na, Za Fanet paer Ÿkan ŸramYaniFk kibek ba ma„saSI ÷amIek| tKn pur›x pueraena ŸdbIek ŸCeR ntun ŸdbI Kƒuej| rbIÆÅnaT ZKn gâiHnIr idek taikeyeCn, tKn taikeyeCn ŸramYaniFekr ŸcaeK, taek VdàSaiyt kereCn, Zidw itin inejr Gerw Amn Ÿkan ŸdbI ŸdeKn in| teb itin can baó»eb narI Heb gâiHnI| ŸramYaniFekr ŸcaeK narIr Verk rœp mansI, itn bCr per ŸlKa "mansI'(1302) kibtay Zar pircy pawya Zay : ìDu ibDatar sâiñ nH narI! pur›x geReC Ÿtaer ŸsOÆdàZ s‚air Vpn AÇ»r Het| bis kibgn Ÿsanar ˆpmasueº buineC bsn| sƒipya Ÿtamar 'per nUtn miHma Amr kireC iSæpI Ÿtamar pãitma| kt bàN, kt gÉ, BUxn kt-naisÉ™ Het mu¹¡a Ves, Kin Het Ÿsan, bseÇ»r bn Het Ves puýpBar, crN ra–aet kIF Ÿdy pãaN tar| l°a idey, saj idey, idey VbrN, Ÿtamaer duàlB kir kereC Ÿgapn| peReC Ÿtamar 'per pãdIÐ basnaAeàDk manbI tuim, AeàDk kæpna^

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…-kibtay pur›x narIr iÃtIy ibData, ŸZ Aenk Si¹¡SalI pãTm ibDatar ŸTek| pãTmiF narIek sâiñ kereC, Vr iÃtIyiF sâiñr naem bÆdI kereC narIek| kibtaiFet pur›x siº¡yW pur›x sãña, óùpit, Baïr, kib, iSæpI; narI iniðy; narI pur›exr otrI muiàt; Vr seÝagsamgãI| kibtaiFet narIr baó»b Aió»tÔek† A÷Ikar kra HeyeC; narI "AeàDk manbI' ba AeàDk baó»b; tar "AeàDk kæpna' ba AeàDk Abaó»b| …iF narIr ŸramYaniFk ŸöirwFa†p| pur›exr ŸcaeK Zid narI AeàDk kæpna Hy, teb narIr ŸcaeKw pur›x AeàDk kæpna Hwyar kTa; …b„ pur›xw tTakiTt …kla ibDatar sâiñ ny, narIrw sâiñ| teb … kibtay bla HeyeC ŸZ- narIr kTa, Ÿs sÚpuàn kæpna; Zar bas pur›exr QNayu ˆnMadnar meDY| w† mansI Zid kib ba pur›exr ó½I Hy, teb ŸdKa Zaeb manssuÆdrI maC k™FeC raÊaGer, Ÿbatam Ÿsla† kreC, Vr A÷aóùYkr VƒturGer pãsb k'er cleC ba¬caka¬ca| kibta iHeSeb cm‡kar …iF, teb …iFet pãblBaeb pãkaS ŸpeyeC pur›xtÇ½ w pur›xaiDpetYr AHimka| pur›x narIek sâiñ krar naem ŸZ bÆdI kereC, taek l°a-s°a-Vbrn idey ŸZ Gerr maeJ VFek ŸPeleC, …Fa ŸcaeK peR in peR in ŸramYaniFekr| rbIÆÅnaT narI sÚpeàk gedY pãTm kTa beln ibelet igey (1878-1880) yuerap-pãbasIr pº-…(1881)| …kiF bÁ smaj ŸTek mu¹¡ smaej igey setera-Vfaera bCerr …k narIsªgkatr ŸramYaniFk tr›n ˆ¬CÔist Hey peRn tr›nIedr ŸdeK, taedr s„ýpeàS …es, taedr saeT Haet Hat D'er gael gal laigey Ÿnec| yuerap-pãbasIr pº ŸCey VeC narI Vr naecr ibbreN| tƒar ibbreN pawya Zay ˆ¬cib¹ ibelit smaejr ŸZ-narIedr, tara " rasikenr Ÿmey ' ba " ranIr bagaenr pdM ', Zara Vpadmó»k ApdaàTW tara nac, gan, PçaàF kra Vr ikCu jaen na| ibelet igey† itin taedr saeT imeS ŸZet paern in, taedr ŸdeKeCn dUr ŸTek, …b„ Kƒut KƒuejeCn taedr; teb taedr kaCakaiC Vsar pr ˆ¬CÔist HeyeCn| taedr AÇ»WsarSUnYta tƒar ŸcaeK peReC ibelet Zawyar saeT saeT† : "Ÿmeyer ŸbSBUxay ilÐ, pur›exra kajkàm kreC ........ Ÿmeyra ij¯asa ker Taek, tuim naec igeyiCel ik na, knsaàF Ÿkmn lagl, iTeyFaer …kjn ntun AYaFr …eseC, kal Amuk jaygay bYa¸ Heb †tYaid ' (rbIÆÅ-rcnablI : 1, 542)| … -bàNnay reyeC ˆinS Stekr iÃtIy Baegr jnY ŸgOrbjnk narIibÃx, ZKn narIibeÃx iCela AenkFa buiÁjIibtar lQn| setera-Vfaera bCerr tulnay …kFu ŸbiS paka† iCeln rbIÆÅnaT, teb itin D'er ineyiCeln ŸZ narImaº† lGu, Zara ŸbSBUxa, nac, AYakFr pãBâitr ˆper ˆfet paer na| iBe¢arIy smaej ŸZ narIedr otrI kereC wBaeb† ŸsFa tar ŸcaeK peR in| w† narIedr pãatYiHk jIbn kàmHIn pãemaedr : "… ŸdeSr Ÿmeyra ipyaena bajay, gan gay, V§enr V§n ŸpaHay, ŸsaPay Ÿfsan idey neBl peR, iBijFredr s„eg Vlapcair ker w VbSYk ba AnabSYk met Zubkedr s„eg PçaàF ker ' (rr : 1, 542)| rbIÆÅnaT " … ŸdeSr Ÿmey ' Zaedr beleCn, tara ˆ¬cib¹ ApdaàT narI, saDarN narIedr saeT taedr Ÿkan iml Ÿn†| …-Akàma narIedr itin smaelacna kereCn, …mnik ŸZ -Ÿmeyra ibey na k'er ikCu …kFa kreC, taedr kaejr ibÅ›p kereCn : " … ŸdeSr icr V†bueRa Ÿmeyra kaejr Ÿlak| ŸFmpaerns mIiF„, wyaiàk„ Ÿmns Ÿsasa†iF pãBâit Zt pãkar Anuòaenr ŸkalaHl VeC, smudeyr meDY taedr kË VeC ' (rr : 1, 542)| w† ˆ¬cib¹ narIra w† sb CaRa Vr ik kret paer, …mn pãSÈ kra H'el itin AbSY ibped pRetn; …b„ w† sb CaRa tara AnY ikCu krelw itin Hyeta taedr smaelacna kretn| itin º¡mS GinñBaeb imeSeCn ipyaenabajaena Ÿmeyedr saeT, ŸdeKeCn " …k-…kFa Ÿmeyr naecr

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ibram Ÿn†, du-itn GÆFa Der º¡magt tar pa cleC ', suK ŸpeyeCn " St rmNIr rœepr Velaek gYaesr Vela imãyman ' (rr : 1, 544-545) ŸdeK| tKin tƒar men peReC " Vmaedr ŸdeSr ó½Ielakedr s„eg mu¹¡Baeb imSet pa† Ÿn ' (rr : 1, 555)| narIedr saeT mu¹¡Baeb imSet pawyaFa tƒar inejr jenY, narIr jenY ny; narIr saeT mu¹¡Baeb imSet pawyar ÷aDInta itin narIr jenY can na| cleb ........

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rbIÆÅnaeTr ŸcaeK "narI' hW ûmayun Vjad

pàb-3

itin r›eSa-raiôn, iBe¢arIy w smgã pur›xteÇ½r meta ibSÿas kern ŸZ narIpur›x smkQ ny, narI pãakáitkBaeb† pur›exr ŸTek inkáñ| ... pãkâitr ÷r ŸSana pãTabadIedr ÷Bab, Ÿknna taet Zui¹¡ w setYr bdel ˆpióùt kra Zay AelOikk Si¹¡ek, …b„ sbikCu caipey Ÿdwya Zay ŸSaixtedr ˆper| ... rbIÆÅnaT, Zaek men kra Hy inejr smeyr ŸTek Aenk Agãsr, Vsel ipiCey iCeln inejr smeyr Ÿcey Hajar bCr|

pUàbbàtI peàbr pr ... iBe¢arIy smaej Ÿmeyedr jIbenr lQY ŸZ ibey, ŸsKaen pur›x† ŸZ sàbmy, w† smaejr saeT ba–ail smaejr paàTkY ŸZ §eNr ny br„ maºar ta ŸcaeK peReC taƒr (rr, 1, 570): Vmaedr ŸdeS ŸZmn ŸCelebla ŸTek Ÿmeyedr ibeyr jnY pãó¼t ker, ZeTñ ŸlKa pRa ŸSKay na, Ÿknna Ÿmeyedr Vipes ŸZet Heb na; …Kaenw Ÿtmin magig der ibekabar jnY Ÿmeyedr pailS kret Taek, ibeyr jnY ZtFuk™ ŸlKapRa drkar ttFuk™ ZeTñ| …kFu gan gawya, …kFu ipyaena bajaena, Baela ker naca, KainkFa PrasI Baxa ibkát ker ˆ¬carN, …kFu Ÿbana w Ÿsla† kra janel …kiF Ÿmeyek ibeyr Ÿdakaen janalay saijey raKbar ˆpZu¹¡ r–ce– putul geR Ÿtala Zay| …-ibxey …kFa idiS putul w …kFa ibilit putuelr ZtFuk™ tPat, Vmaedrw … ŸdeSr Ÿmeyedr meDY ttFuk™ tPat maº| Vmaedr idiS Ÿmeyedr ipyaena w AnYanY FuikFaik ŸSKbar drkar per na, ibilit Ÿmeyedrw Aæp-sæp ŸlKapRa iSKet Hy, ikÇ¼ du†-† Ÿdakaen ibiº¡ Hbar jnY otrI| …Kaenw pur›exra† Hàta kàta, ó½Ira taedr Anugta; ó½Iek VedS kra, ó½Ir men lagam laigey †e¬C mt cailey ŸbRaena ÷amIra ‰Sÿriniàdñ AiDkar men kern|

taƒr Vº¡meNr lQY smaj w narI du-†, teb Ÿmeyedr wpr† Vº¡mNFa …kFu ŸbSI; itin men kereCn ŸZena Ÿmeyra inejra† putul Hbar jnY pagl| AnY Drenr narIw itin ŸdeKeCn w† smaej : "PYaSnI Ÿmey CaRa ibelet Vera AnYrkm Ÿmey VeC, www.allbdbooks.com

n†el s„sar clt na| mDYib¹ gâHóù Ÿmeyedr AenkFa ŸmHnt kret Hy, babuyana krel cel na| …Kankar mDYib¹ ŸSãnIr igiÊra sadaised| Zidw tara Bal ker ŸlKapRa ŸSeKn in, tbu tara Aenk ibxy jaenn, …b„ taedr buiÁ ZeTñ pirôar' (rr, 1-570-571)| itin ikCuFa SãÁaSIl Ÿs narIr pãit, "Zara PYaSnm¹ ny, Zara kàmI, mDYib¹, Zara VeC bel s„sar cel'| teb w† PYaSnm¹ra† ikCuidenr jnY taƒek ker tueliCela sIimt narI÷aDIntabadI, Ÿknna w† ÷aDIntaFuk™ CaRa Ÿmeyedr naecr Vser pawya AsÝb| Ÿmeyra AbaeD naecr Vser Vset na parel Ÿmeyedr ŸTek ŸbSI Qitgãó» Heb taƒr meta tr›eNra, Zara gael gal Gex nacet cay|

yuerap-pãbasIr peº itin narI-÷aDIntar AàTa‡ narIpur›exr ŸmlaemSar peQ ikCu mt

pãkaS keriCeln, ba–alI narIek Ger VFek raKar ApraeD AiBZu¹¡ keriCeln pur›xedr| beliCeln, "…kjn buiÁ w HâdyibiSñ manuxek jÇ¼r meta sÚpuàNrœep

inejr pãeyajenr ijins geR Ÿtala …skl Zid pap na Hy, teb nrHtYaw pap ny|' [yuerap-pãbasIr pº ŸTek biàjt, ˆÁât AnnYa (1394, 20)]| …mn keykiF ó½I

÷aDIntabadI A„S b†iF ŸTek bàjenr saeT saeT rbIÆÅnaT bàjn keriCeln ó½I÷aDIntar DarNaiFw| rbIÆÅnaeTr w† "ó½I÷aDInta'y ibSÿas iCela ibelit tr›nIedr saeT ŸmSar Pel tr›N r¹¡ma„esr ŸBtr ŸTek Ÿberaena VóùayI ˆ¬CÔas, Za imiley ŸZet ŸbiS smy laegin| ba–ail narIek AÇ»Wpur ŸTek mui¹¡ Ÿdya sÚpeàk ŸZ keyk p„i¹¡ ileKiCeln itin Vfaera-ˆinS bCr byes, pãaÐbyô Abóùay ta b† ŸTek mueC ŸPel tar›enYr ViSñ ˆ¬CÔaesr pãayiëc¹ kret itin iÃDa kernin| …r pr du-bCerr meDY† inej Hn ÷amI (9 ihesÜr 1883), …b„ …k dSk kaFar Veg† Hey wefn narImui¹¡iberaDI, sÝbt tKn taƒr tr›nIedr saeT ŸmlaemSar pãeyajn P™ireyeC b'el| paƒc-C bCerr meDY itin VytÔ ker ŸPeln narI sÚpeàk iBkeFarIy w BartIy dàSn : pãb¹¡a Hey wefn Gerba†er te¹Ôr, pãkáitte¹Ôr, narI pur›exr AsamYte¹Ôr, pirpUrkte¹Ôr, …b„ Vpn ker Ÿnn pur›xteÇ½r smó» pãitiº¡yaSIlta| …r pircy pãTm Dra per "rma ba†eyr b¹¡áta ˆpleQ' (1296, rr: 12, 450-455) naemr pºpãbeÉ| mHaraiñä narIbadI rmaba† narImui¹¡ sÚpeàk …kiF b¹¡áta Ÿdwyar Ÿcña keriCeln punay (ojò 1296), teb ŸSx kret paernin b¹¡átaiF; pur›xaiDptYbadIedr pãc¸ ˆ‡paet itin óùigt kret baDY Hn b¹¡áta| VFaS bCr byô rbIÆÅnaT inej Ÿkan ˆ‡pat kernin, teb b¹¡áta sÚpeàk itin ŸZ mt ideyeCn taet tar pur›xaiDptYbaidta pãkaS ŸpeyeC pãblBaeb| itin r›eSaraiôn, iBe¢arIy w smgã pur›xteÇ½r meta ibSÿas kern ŸZ narIpur›x smkQ ny, narI pãakáitkBaeb† pur›exr ŸTek inkáñ| …kjn cm‡kar iBe¢arIy iHeSeb itin narIedr meDY ŸdeKeCn ìDu rœp Vr Vebg, ŸdeKeCn narIedr Si¹¡HInta, pãitBaHInta, Vr www.allbdbooks.com

… sb† taƒr met pãakáitk| itin beln, "Ÿmeyra skl ibxey† Zid pur›exr smkQ, taHel pur›exr pãit ibDatar intaÇ» AnYay Vibcar blet Hy|' taƒr ŸcaeK narI pur›exr AsamY† nYay s˜t, Vr samY AnYay; pãkáit ba ibData …mn AnYay kret paer na| iBe¢arIyŸdr meta itin narI pur›xek pãakáitkBaeb† duiF ibprIt w pirpUrk jaitr sdsY bel men kern : Vmra ŸZmn bel ŸSãò, Ÿmeyra Ÿtmin rœep ŸSãò; AÇ»WkreNr ibxey Vmra ŸZmn buiÁet ŸSãò, Ÿmeyra Ÿtmin Hâdey ŸSãò; ta† ó½Ipur›x du† jait prîpr prîprek AblÜn kret pareC| ó½I Ÿlaekr buiÁ pur›xedr Ÿcey AepQakát Aæp b'el ó½I iSQa AtYabSYk …Fa pãmaN krbar smy ó½Ielaekr buiÁ pur›exr ifk sman …kTa gaeyr Ÿjaer Ÿtalbar Ÿkan drkar Ÿn†|

r›eSa-rasikn-ŸFinsn w smgã pur›xtÇ½ …Kaen kTa bleC rbIÆÅnaeTr mueK| taƒr ikCu ibSÿas ŸbS By„kr, ŸZmn ibSÿas kern itin pãakáitk w samaijk AsaemY| itin ibSÿas kern prýprek AblÜn kret Hel sman Hel cel na, H'et Hy Asm| …Fa ìDu pairbairk Baeb By«r t¹Ô ny, samaijkBaebw By«r| pur›xedr buiÁet ŸSãîFtÔ sÚpàek itin …t iniëct ŸZ, Ÿs sÚpeàk Ÿkˆ pãSÈ tulel itin r›îF Hn| itin ibSÿas kern …kiF banaena ˆpkTay ŸZ, narI buiÁet pur›exr ŸTek inkâîF; …b„ ŸGaxna kern ŸZ, "Ÿmeyra kKn† pur›xedr se˜ (Ÿkbl prIQay ˆ¹IàN Hey) buiÁet smkQ Heb na'| pur›xtÔbadIra barbar Zui¹¡ Ÿdy ŸZ, narIr pãitBa Ÿn†, pâiTbIet Ÿkan bR narI pãitBa jenMin, iml Za KÆhn kereCn narI-AiDntay (1869); ikÇ¼ rbIÆÅnaT 1889 Ÿt ŸpS kereCn pur›xtÔbadIedr pueran Zui¹¡ Vr ˆdaHrN : Ÿmeyra …tidn Za iSQa ŸpeyeC ta† ZeTîF iCl|...ó½I jaitr meDY pãTm ŸSãnIr kibr VibàBab …Kena Hyin| men ker ŸdeKa, bûidn ŸTek Zt ŸbiS Ÿmey s„gItibdYa iSeKeC …t pur›x ŸSeKin| †ˆeraep Aenk Ÿmey† skal ŸTek rai¹r pàZÇ» ipyaena f„ f„ …b„ ŸherimPa Ÿcƒicey mreC, ikÇ¼ taedr meDY k'Fa Mozart …b„ Beethoven jnMal?

pur›xteÇ½ dIiQt HeyeCn b'el† itin blet ŸpereCn Ÿmeyra ŸZ-iSQa ŸpeyeC ta† ZeTîF| Vsel Ÿmeyedr ŸZ iSQa Ÿdwya HeyeC …etaidn, ta Ÿkan iSQa† ny, ta puerapuir AiSQa| w† AiSQar meDY ŸTek ŸZ kaera peQ iBi‚, daeÇ» ba ibeFaePn Hwya sÝb ny, ta rbIÆÅnaT, …kjn pãbl pur›xaidptYbadI, maennin; …w tar men peR in ŸZ, pâiTbIet Ÿma‡jaàF-ibeFaePn du'iFr ŸbSI jenMin- pur›xmaº† …ekkiF sÝabY Ÿma‡jaàF ba inˆFn ba rbIÆÅnaT ny| pur›xteÇ½ dIiQt rbIÆÅnaT br„ r›eSar www.allbdbooks.com

mt beleCn, "pãitBa …kiF Si¹¡, taet Aenk bl VbSYk, taet SrIr Qy ker|

ta† Ÿmeyedr …rkm gãHNSi¹¡ DarNaSi¹¡ VeC, ikÇ¼ sâjnSi¹¡r bl Ÿn†', ba "Ÿmeyedr …krkm cFpeF buiÁ VeC, ikÇ¼ saDarNt pur›xedr mt bilîF buiÁ Ÿn†|' ˆgã pur›xtÔbadI rbIÆÅnaT ŸGaxna kereCn, "Ÿmeyra Hajar bCr pRaSUena kr›k, …† kaàZeQeº kKena† pur›xedr se˜ smanBaeb nabet pareb na|' Ÿmeyedr pRaìenay taƒr ibeSx Vpi¹ Ÿn†, ba itin men kern Ÿmeyedr pRaìena ibeSx kaej laeg na; teb taƒr Vpi¹ "kaàZeQº' dKel| pur›x ŸZ-smó» ŸpSa dKl ker ŸreKeC, Ÿs§elaet narI zuk™k, ta itin can na, narI Zid inexD na ìen ŸsKaen zuek peR, taHel itin can tar bYàTta|

narIpur›xedr AsamYek SaSÿt krar jnY …rpr itin saHaZY ineyeCn r›eSa-rasikn w iBe¢arIyedr pãkâit te¹Ô| suibDabadIra Vr ViDptYbadIra, …b„ pur›xtÇ½ pãkâitek icrkal bYbHar kereC inejedr ÷aeàT| rbIÆÅnaTw narIedr Ger VFek raKar jnY ŸdaHa† ideyeCn pãkâitr, Zidw pãkâit ny, smaejr cº¡aeÇ»† narIra biÆd Hey VeC Ger| pãkâitr "kÆf÷r' ìen itin ta ba–la Baxay Anubad kereCn …Baeb : ŸZmn ker† ŸdK pãkâit bel ide¬C ŸZ, ba†err kaj Ÿmeyra kret pareb na| Zid pãkâitr Ÿsrkm AiBpãay na Ht ta Hel Ÿmeyra bilîF Hey jnMat| Zid bl pur›xedr AtYacaer Ÿmeyedr …mn Abóùa HeyeC, Ÿs Ÿkan kaejr† kTa ny|

pãkâitr ÷r ŸSana pãTabadIedr ÷Bab, Ÿknna taet Zui¹¡ w setYr bdel ˆpióùt kra Zay AelOikk Si¹¡ek, …b„ sbikCu caipey Ÿdwya Zay ŸSaixtedr ˆper| pãkâit ióùr ker ideyeC ŸZ, manux ÷amIó½I Heb, s„sar kreb, smaj banaeb, raîFä otrI kreb, …kdl ŸSaxn kreb, Verkdl ŸSaixt Heb- …Fa Kub† HasYkr Vr suibDabadI ibSÿas; rbIÆÅnaT pãTa-w suibDabadIedr mt ŸdaHa† ideyeCn pãkâitr†| rbIÆÅnaT ibSÿas kern narIedr Taket Heb Ger, Vr jIbnDareNr jnY inàBr kret Heb pur›exr ˆpr : "ZKn SarIirk duàblta w Al„GnIy AbóùaeBed Ÿmeyedr Ÿs† gâeHr

meDY Taket† Heb tKn kaej-kaej† pãaNDareNr jnY pur›xedr ˆpr tar inàBr kret† Heb|' Ÿmeyra ŸZ Gerr iBter Taek …Faw …k ˆpkTa| suibDaeBagI ŸSãNIr

narIra† Ger biÆd Taek, pur›xek Ÿsba w ŸdH idey bYbóùa ker inejedr jIibkar; ikÇ¼ AiDka„S narI kaj ker Ger w ba†er, Zidw taedr ba†err kaj ÷Ikâit pay na, Vr mUlY pay na Gerr kaj| rbIÆÅnaT iciÇ»t ˆ¬cbeàNr narIedr sÚpeàk†, …b„ pãkâitr ŸdaHa† idey taedr† VFek raKet can Ger| inmÈeSãnIr narIra nrek Zak

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…Fa tar Babnar bYapar ny| narIr durbóùa ŸZ pur›xteÇ½r† cº¡aeÇ»r Pl, … kTar pãitbad kereCn itin smó» pur›xteÇ½r peQ daƒiRey| rbIÆÅnaT narI mui¹¡r VeÆdalenr pãit ASãÁa ŸdiKey taek beleCn "ŸkalaHl', …b„ narI-AiDntaek smàTn kret igey beleCn …mn kTa, Za ìDu narImui¹¡r ibr›eÁ† Zay na, Zay manuexr sbrkm mui¹¡r ibr›eÁ† : Vjkal pur›xaSãeyr ibr›eÁ ŸZ …kFa ŸkalaHl ˆefeC, ŸsFa Vmar As˜t …b„ Am˜ljnk men Hy| pUàbkael Ÿmeyra pur›exr ADIntagãHNek …kFa Dàm men krt; taet …† Ht ŸZ, cireºr wpr ADIntar k™Pl Plet part na, AàTa‡ HInta jnMat na, …mnik ADIntaet† cireºr mH¹Ô sÚpadn krt| pãBuBi¹¡ek Zid Dàm men ker taHel BâetÔr men mnuxYetÔr Hain Hy na|

…r AàT He¬C ADInta Ÿmen Ÿnya† mH¹Ô w mnuxYtÔ, AnYaeyr ibr›eÁ pãitbad ba ibeÅaH AnYay| … DreNr ibSÿas AtYÇ» By«r, …mn pãitiº¡yaSIltar ˆeÀSY sb rkemr ŸSaxNek trl VDYaitMkta idey gãHNeZagY ker Ÿtala| narI-VeÆdaln taƒr kaeC Am˜ljnk, ta H'et paer; ikÇ¼ ta m˜ljnk narI Vr AiDka„S manuexr jnY Zara ibSÿas ker saemY| narI-VeÆdaln "As˜t' Heb Ÿkn? karN tar ibSÿas praDIn Taka† s˜t; …DreNr ibSÿaesr s„KYa baiRey idel daƒRay rajEnitk ÷aDInta cawyaw As˜t, Za sb smy† bel samãajYbadIra| "pUàbkael Ÿmeyra pur›exr ADIntagãHNek …kFa Dàm men krt' b'el itin ŸZ setY ibSÿas kretn, taw stY ny| Ÿmeyra pur›xaDIntaek Dàm men kreta na, pur›exra† wFaek Dàm bel caipey ideyiCela narIedr wpr, ŸZmn bàNbadekw Dàm bel caipey ideyeC Si¹¡maenra| pãitiº¡yaSIltar peQ Kub ibSãI Zui¹¡ ideyeCn rbIÆÅnaT : taƒr met ADInta Ÿmen inel cireºr mH¹Ô sÚpaidt Hy! …r AàT He¬C KaƒiF daesr cirº† mH¹ÔsÚpÊ, ibeÅaHI daesra mH¹ÔHIn| BâetYr cireºr mH¹ÔrQar ˆpay He¬C jnM-jnMaÇ»r Der BâtY Taka! rbIÆÅnaT, Zaek men kra Hy inejr smeyr ŸTek Aenk Agãsr, Vsel ipiCey iCeln inejr smeyr Ÿcey Hajar bCr| [cleb]

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rbIÆÅnaeTr ŸcaeK "narI' hW ûmayun Vjad

pàb-4 "ŸkÆÅanug : ŸkÆÅaitg' pirBaxa bYbHar k'er rbIÆÅnaT eZ kTaiFek ob¯ainkBaeb VkàxnIy krar Ÿcña kereCn, tar srl ba–la Anubad He¬C ŸZ narIr jgt Ger, Vr pur›exr jgt ba†er| inˆFnIy ŸsOrjgetr saeT iBe¢arIyedr meta itin sadâSY Kƒuej ŸpeyeCn pirbaerr, …b„ ob¯ainkBaeb pãitòa kret ŸceyeCn narIpur›exr pâTk jgt BUimka| teb …Fa ib¯an ny, Apib¯an| sBYtar s„keFr jenY itin dayI kereCn narIek ... ... pãTa iHeSeb Za c'el …eseC, taek† rbIÆÅnaT men kereCn pdaàT ib¯aenr Dã›b sUº!

pUàbbàtI peàbr pr ......

rbIÆÅnaeTr ibSÿas ikCu manux jenM pãBu Hey, Vr ikCu manux jenM das Hey; ta† itin men kern, "ktk§il AbSYÝabI ADInta manuxek sHY kret† Hy|' narIr pur›xaDInta, tƒar met, AbSYÝabI, ta narIek sHY kret† Heb; ìDu ta† ny, pur›xaDInta† narIr jenY Dàm| pur›xteÇ½r Aibcl AnusarI rbIÆÅnaT ÷amIek ŸdeKn narIr Abtarr›ep, Zaek Bi¹¡ kra narIr jenY Dàm| rbIÆÅnaeTr ŸcaeK pirbar, samaijk s„óùa ny, ŸdbmiÆdr, Zar AiDiòt Ÿdbtar nam ÷amI; ó½I tar jnMjnMaÇ»err, B¹¡ : pitBi¹¡ baó»ibk† ó½Ielaekr peQ Dàm| Vjkal …krkm inîPl ‹ÁtY w AgBIr ÙaÇ» iSQar Pel ŸsFa cel igey s„sar sam²sY nñ ker ide¬C …b„ ó½I pur›x ˆBeyr† VÇ»irk AsuK jinMey ide¬C| kàtebYr AnueraeD ŸZ ó½I ÷amIr pãit …kaÇ» inàBr ker Ÿs Ÿta ÷amIr ADIn ny, Ÿs kàtebYr ADIn|

Dàm ŸZ beRa pãtarna w pur›xteÇ½r blpãeyags„óùa, ta men jagar kTa ny pãTa w pur›xaiDptYbadI rbIÆÅnaeTr; itin br„ dastÔek† miHmainÓt kereCn Dàmrœep| ÷amIó½I imel g'eR Ÿtael …kiF samaijk s„óùa-pirbar, taet Bi¹¡r kTa wef na; teb pur›x narIek dasI k'er† ÷ió» pay in, inejek Ÿdbtar ó»er ˆifey ó½Ir VnugtYek k'er tueleC ŠSÿirk| ìDu VnugetY iniëcÇ» ŸbaD kern na rbIÆÅnaT, itin can iniëct Bi¹¡, Ÿknna Bi¹¡ He¬C VtMibsàjenr ba s¹aibelaepr cURaÇ»rœp| "pitBi¹¡'r meta …kiF mDYZugIy DarNa w S× ŸZ itin bYbHar kereCn, ta Vmaedr Kub ibisMt ker| ÷amIr ADIntaek itin ibiDbÁ kret ŸceyeCn VDYaitMk w †Hjagitk du-rkm Zui¹¡ idey† : ÷amIr ADIen Taka narIr jnY …kidek VDYaitMk Dàm, Verkidek †Hjagitk kàtbY! du-Drenr iSkel† narIek ŸbƒeDeCn itin| men raKa drkar ŸZ …-rbIÆÅnaT ViS bCr byô bâÁ nn, …r bys ˆniºS! s„sar sam²sY nñ Hwyar jenY itin ŸdaxI kereCn Vjkalkar "…krkm inîPl ‹ÁtY w AgBIr ÙaÇ» iSQa'ek| rbIÆÅnaT Zaek "inîPl ‹ÁtY' beleCn, ta

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‹ÁtY ny, AiDkar daib; …b„ gt …keSa bCer pãmaint HeyeC ŸZ ta inîPl ny, ŸbS sPl| itin Zaek "AgBIr ÙaÇ» iSQa' beleCn ta AgBIr ny, ÙaÇ» Ÿta ny†; ta-† pãkát iSQa; Vr rbIÆÅnaT narIr jenY ŸZ iSQar kTa ŸBebeCn, tar gBIrta- AgBIrtar kTa† wef na, Ÿknna ta Vsel Ÿkaena iSQa† ny| ÷amIek iZin men kern narIr Ÿdbta, itin ŸZ AbDairt Baeb Hebn narImui¹¡r iberaDI, …Fa Veg ŸTek† D'er inet pair; Vr rbIÆÅnaT iCeln ta†| itin narImui¹¡r iberaDI Hey wefn ibelt ŸTek ŸPrar prpr†; ta† itin Ÿmen inet paern in narImui¹¡-VeÆdalnkarIedr| narIedr VDuink iSQa Ÿdyarw itin iCeln ibr›eÁ| rbIÆÅnaT jIben nana Drenr pãitpeQr saeT lRa† kereCn, tara sba† ŸZ tƒar sitYkar pãitpQ iCela …mn ny; Aenk smy itin inej† iCeln pãitpQ| pãitpeQr saeT rbIÆÅnaeTr lRa†eyr rIit He¬C itin pãitpQek Vº¡mn kern, tarpr ˆpHas Vr bY˜ kern| Zidw narImui¹¡-VeÆdalnkarIra tƒar saeT Ÿkaena lRa†ey ilÐ Hn in, tbuw itin …igey igey lRa†ey naemn tƒaedr saeT; …b„ ˆpec peR tƒar pur›xtaiÇ½k ŸGÊa : Vjkal …kdl Ÿmey º¡magt† nakI suer bleC, Vmra pur›exr ADIn, Vmra pur›exr VSãey ViC, Vmaedr Abóùa Ait ŸSacnIy| taet ker Ÿkbl …† He¬C ŸZ, ó½Ipur›exr sÜÉbÉnHInta pãaÐ He¬C; ATc Ÿs-bÉn ŸCdn krbar Ÿkaena ˆpay Ÿn†|

tƒar Ab¯a Vr ŸGÊa edeK men Hy itin Ÿkaena VsÊ ibpàZeyr mueK VƒkeR Drar Ÿcña kreCn ŸSx KRk™eFa| taƒr s„ebdnSIltar ABabw ŸSacnIy; narImui¹¡r daib tƒar kaeC ˆpHaesr bYapar"nakI suer' ibelap| men He¬C Vid-mDY-VDuink smó» pur›xteÇ½r peQ daiRey itin Ÿfkaebn narImui¹¡| itin D'er† ineyeCn narIedr mui¹¡ kKena GFeb na, ba narIedr mui¹¡ GFa Anuict w Qitkr| itin Zaek beleCn "ó½Ipur›exr sÜÉbÉn', ta pãBu w …k ba …kaiDk dasIr bÉn, Zaet baƒDa narI| itin ‹† bÉenr HIntapãaiÐr Bey ˆiÃgÈ, Zidw stY He¬C VÇ»irk Baeb ‹† bÉn kKena ˆÊt iCela na| narImui¹¡r bYapariFek Bulw bueJeCn rbIÆÅnaT; itin men kereCn narImui¹¡r AàT He¬C narIra ibey kreb na| …mn …kFa By AbSY iCela iBe¢arIyedr men; tara men kreta narI Zid mui¹¡ pay, pur›exr ŸpSa AiDkar ker, sman Hey wef pur›exr, teb tara ibey kret A÷Ikar kreb| …Faw narI sÚpeàk pur›exr Bul DarNar Pl : pur›x inejr kamek† pãDan k'er ŸdeK dimey ŸreKeC narIr kam, men kreC kam narIr jenY Kub† ŸgOn bYapar, wFa na H'elw cel narIr| ta† narI Zid ÷ay¹Saist Hy, teb narIr ibeyr Ÿkaena drkar pReb na; tKn pur›x tar mH‡ kaemr AigÈet jÔleb …kla| narI mui¹¡ ŸceyeC pur›exr ADInta ŸTk, ibey ŸTek ny; teb ibey ŸZ kret† Heb, ma„sek suKI krar jenY ibey ŸZ ibkæpHIn ˆpay, taw ny| ibey …kiF pãTa| itin iBe¢arIyedr meta pãkáitr ŸdaHa† Ÿdn barbar, ŸGaxna kern pãkáitr ibDan ba narIr inyit He¬C pur›xaDInta : nana idk ŸTek ŸdKa Zae¬C, s„sar klYan AbYaHt ŸreK ó½Ielak kKena pur›exr

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VSãy tYag kret paer na| pãkáit …† ó½Ielaekr ADInta Ÿkbl taedr DàmbuiÁr ˆper ŸreK ideyeCn ta ny, nana ˆpaey …mn† VFGaF ŸbƒeD ideyeCn ŸZ, sHej tar ŸTek inïáit Ÿn†| AbSY pâiTbIet …mn Aenk Ÿmey VeC pur›exr VSãy Zaedr VbSYk ker na, ikÇ¼ taedr jenY smó» Ÿmey-saDareNr Qit kra Zay na|

narIek pur›exr ADIen Taket Heb "s„sar klYaN AbYaHt' raKar jenY, w narIr ibebekr VedeS; teb ineàbaD narI s„sarklYaeNr kTa pãa¯ pur›exr meta AetaFa Babet naw paer, Vr ibebk ba "DàmbuiÁ' naw Taket paer tar; ta† rabIiÆÅk pãkáit Veg ŸTek† ineyeC ˆpZu¹¡ bYbóùa;- pur›exr ADIen raKar jenY pãakáitk ŸSkel ŸbƒeD narIek paifeyeC pur›exr karagaer! pãkáit pur›exr DàmbuiÁr wpr VóùaSIl, ta† VFGaF ŸbƒeD pur›xek pafayin; ikÇ¼ pãkáit narIek ibSÿas ker na, pãkáitr Vóùa Ÿn† narIr DàmbuiÁet, ta† narIek kereC duàbl, taek ideyeC pãit maesr maisekr mt ibiSã bYapar, ideyeC inejr ŸBter manux jnMaenar Saió»! ta† ˆÁar Ÿn† narIr, taek Ÿmen inet Heb pur›exr ADInta! narIek Taket Heb pur›exr VSãey; rbIÆÅnaeTr met narIr jenY …Fa† laBjnk, mui¹¡ narIr jnY Qitkr| pãgitiberaDI iHÆdu w iBe¢arIy manisktar imSãrœp mUàt ŸdKet pa† rbIÆÅnaeTr meDY| itin AbSY beleCn ŸZ taƒr metr saeT "ó½IiSQa w ó½I÷aDIntar Ÿkaena iberaD Ÿn†'; teb iberaD reyeC pãç, Ÿknna itin "ó½IiSQa w ó½I÷aDInta' blet Za ŸbaeJn, ta iSQaw ny, ÷aDInta ny| rbIÆÅnaT VFaS-ˆniºS bCr byes Hey wefn cm‡karBaeb pãgitiberaDI| ˆniºS bCr byes iÃtIybar ibelt Zan itin, teb tƒar pãTm w iÃtIy ibeltZaºar meDY reyeC du-Ÿmr›r obprItY : pãTmbar itin igeyiCeln †êraepr kaeC iSKet, iÃtIybar Zan †êrapek ŸSKaet, Zidw †êrapek ŸSKaenar kajiF kern itin men men| inejek itin gNY kern …k tr›N BartIy §r› b'el, iZin †êrap sÚpeàk otir k'er ŸPeleCn ba VHrN kereCn …mn …k Bul dàSn ŸZ kàmVibïar-ˆÊit manuxek AsuKI ker, Vr †êrap ŸZeHtu w†sb kereC, ta† †êrap Kub AsuKI! iÃtIybaerr ibelt Zaºar ibbrN ŸleKn itin yuerap-ZaºIr hayiret (1891), Zar KsRa A„eS pãkaS pay †êrap w narI sÚpeàk taƒr pueraena BartIy bÁ maniskta| itin per ta bad Ÿdn b† ŸTek; teb narI sÚpeàk tƒar w† smeyr mt Ÿmel pãacY w pãtIcY (1298, rr : 12, 236250) pãbeÉ| itin beln, "yueraep sBYta Zt Agãsr He¬C ó½Ielak tt† AsuKI He¬C', Za ìnel men Hy suK sÜeÉ sàb¯ …k mHiàx beleCn jIbenr sarkTa| …Kaen AbSY taƒr mDY idey kTa beleCn r›eSa, Zaƒr met sBYta káiºm bYapar, Za manuxek nñ ker| rbIÆÅnaT …ek …kFu s„eSaDn k'er pãeyag kereCn †êraepr narIr ŸQeº| tƒar î¹¡ puerapuir Bul DarNar Pl : "suK' bYapariF† ibÙaiÇ»kr, Ÿknna ta …kaÇ»Baeb† bYi¹¡gt; Vr sBYtar Agãsrta narIpurx ˆBeyr† jenY HeyeC klYaNkr| tƒar kTar meDY reyeC …k Ÿgapn tulnaw;- itin blet can Baret sBYta …egae¬C na b'el BartIy narIra Kub sueK VeC! rbIÆÅnaT narIek pur›exr ADIen w Ger VFek raKar jenY VDYaitMk, samaijk, onitk Ÿkaena Aó½† AbYbHœt raeKn in; …b„ ŸSx Aó½iF, VDuink kael Zar miHma ŸSx Ÿn†, Ÿs† ob¯aink Aó½iFw bYbHar kret ŸBaeln in| itin inˆFnIy ŸsOrelaekr du-rkm Si¹¡r rœp ŸdeKeCn narIpur›exr meDY :

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ó½Ielak smaejr ŸkÆÅanug (centripetal) Si¹¡; sBYtar ŸkÆÅaitg smajek biHàmueK ŸZ-pirmaen ibiQÐ ker ide¬C, ŸkÆÅanug Si¹¡ AÇ»err idek Ÿs-pirmaen Vkàxn ker Vnet pareC na| ...... ó½Ielaekr rajtÔ º¡mS ˆjaR Hey Zabar ˆpº¡m HeyeC|

"ŸkÆÅanug : ŸkÆÅaitg' pirBaxa bYbHar k'er rbIÆÅnaT eZ kTaiFek ob¯ainkBaeb VkàxnIy krar Ÿcña kereCn, tar srl ba–la Anubad He¬C ŸZ narIr jgt Ger, Vr pur›exr jgt ba†er| inˆFnIy ŸsOrjgetr saeT iBe¢arIyedr meta itin sadâSY Kƒuej ŸpeyeCn pirbaerr, …b„ ob¯ainkBaeb pãitòa kret ŸceyeCn narIpur›exr pâTk jgt BUimka| teb …Fa ib¯an ny, Apib¯an| sBYtar s„keFr jenY itin dayI kereCn narIek : pur›x tar saPelYr jenY Ÿbirey peReC ba†er, ŸSx Ÿn† tar kàm-ˆe¹jnar, ikÇ¼ narI Grek VkàxnIy ker tulet pareC na b'el pur›x Gerr idek Vkáñ He¬C na| nñ Hey Zae¬C CÆd, ŸdKa ide¬C sBYtar s„kF| …r jenY dayI narI| pur›x eta Ÿbirey pReb†, narIr kaj taek Ger iPirey …en suKSaiÇ»et B'er Ÿdya, ikÇ¼ narI ta Vr pareC na| rasiknw narIpur›xek ŸdeKeCn …Baeb†| r›eSa, rasikn w Vera As„KY iBe¢arIyr meta rbIÆÅnaT narIek ŸdeKeCn Gerr smãa¯Irœep, itin can narI Tak™k ŸsKaen†; narI Ger na Takel† nñ Hy smaejr sam²sY| narIpur›xek …mn ŸkÆÅanug: ŸkÆÅaitg, Gr : ba†r Drenr sÚpUàN ibprIt BUimkay w ŸQeº pãitòar lQY …kiF† : narIek pur›exr ADIen raKa| narI Ÿkena Heb ŸkÆÅanug, tar ŸkÆÅaitg Hwyar Ÿkaena baDa Ÿn†; pur›x Ÿkena Heb ìDu ŸkÆÅaitg, tar ŸkÆÅanug Hwyar Ÿkaena baDa Ÿn†| narIpur›x …k† saeT H'et paer Gr w ba†r, ŸkÆÅanug w ŸkÆÅaitg; ikÇ¼ pur›xtÇ½ ta Babet paer na| pãTa iHeSeb Za c'el …eseC, taek† rbIÆÅnaT men kereCn pdaàT ib¯aenr Dã›b sUº! [cleb]

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rbIÆÅnaeTr ŸcaeK "narI' hW ûmayun Vjad

pàb-5 rbIÆÅnaeTr meta …kjn ýpàSkatr, ŸramYaniFk kib kI k'er …eta s„ebdnHIn Hey ˆfet paern, ta Babetw ŸSak jaeg| itin ó»b kereCn pâiTbIr sbecey ŸSacnIy màmaiÇ»k …k bYapaerr| iHÆdu ibDba sb Drenr ibDbar meDY ŸSacnIytm, tar jIbn He¬C DarabaiHk stIdaH; ikÇ¼ rbIÆÅnaT taek† beleCn "Hœdeyr cirtaàTta'| Zar jIbn sÚpUàN SUnY ìï pitt Anuàbr, tar jIbnek ktk§ela inràTk Se× pUàN k'er Ÿtalar Ÿcña kereCn rbIÆÅnaT| pUàbbàtI peàbr pr ......

rbIÆÅnaT piëcemr narImui¹¡ VeÆdalnek men kereCn smaejr sam²sYnaeSr pirNit| Zid piëcim sBYtar ŸkÆÅanug-ŸkÆÅaitg Si¹¡ ifk meta kaj kreta, AàTa‡ narI Taketa Ger Vr pur›x Taketa ba†er, taHel, tƒar ibSÿas, …mn narImui¹¡r VeÆdaln ŸdKa ideta na| D'er inet pair ŸZ tKn ŸZeHtu Baret †ˆerapIy Drenr narImui¹¡r VeÆdaln ŸdKa Ÿdy in, ta† BartIy smaejr sam²sY iCela AFuF; ba BartIy pur›exra smaejr sam²sY rQa kreta Ÿs-ˆpaey ŸZBaeb tara punay Taimey ideyiCela narImui¹¡badI rmaba†r b¹¡áta! narImui¹¡r bYapariFek sÚpUàN Bul bueJ rbIÆÅnaT ileKeCn : yueraep ó½Ielak pur›exr se˜ sman AiDkarpãaiÐr ŸZ-Ÿcña kreC smaejr …† sam²sYnaS† tar karN bel ŸbaD Hy| neraeyedSIy pãisÁ naFYkar †besnrict ktk§il samaijk naFek ŸdKa Zay, naeFYa¹¡ Aenk ó½Ielak pãcilt smajbÉenr pãit …kaÇ» AsiHxu—ta pãkaS kreC, ATc pur›exra smajpãTar Anukšel| …†rkm ibprIt bYapar peR Vmar men Hl, baó»ibk, bàtman yuerapIy smaej ó½Ielaekr Abóùa† intaÇ» As„gt|

rbIÆÅnaT …Kaen pãóa» b kereCn …k By«r pãgitiberaDI t¹Ô ŸZ sman AiDkar pawyar Ÿcña He¬C smaejr sam²sYnaS| tƒar kaeC AsamY He¬C samaijk sam²sY, Vr saemYr AiDkar daib He¬C smaejr sam²sY nñ kra| tƒar t¹Ôanusaer dirÅ samY daib kret pareb na DnIr saeT, ŸSaixt samY daib kret pareb na ŸSaxekr saeT, narIw samY daib kret pareb na pur›exr saeT; taet nñ Hey Zaeb samaijk s˜Ietr sur, obiceºYr ŸsOÆdàZ| AsamY† ŸZ sam²sYHInta, ibiBÊ Drenr AsaemYr jenY† ŸZ manbsmaj Veja sam²sYHIn, ta† AsamY dUr ker† ŸZ pãitòa kret Heb pãkát sam²sY ba ŸsOÆdàZ, ta men peR in tƒar| narImui¹¡badIra ca†iCela smaejr ibìÁ sam²sY sâiñ kret, ta itin ŸbaeJn in, Ÿknna tƒar meDY pãblBaeb kaj kriCela pãTa| itin †besenr putuelr ŸKlaGr (1879) naFekr pãit †i˜t kereCn, teb itin Ÿnara ŸHlmaerr ibeÅaeHr pãkáit

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AnuBb krar meta s„ebdnSIl iCeln na| †besn naFkiFet srlBaeb beleCn ŸZ narI manux| Ÿnara, oli˜k ibpåebr pãTm naiyka, Za pãkaS ker ta "AsiHxu—ta' ny, Ÿs sUcna ker pur›xteÇ½r ibr›eÁ ibpåebr| Ÿnara tar ÷amIek bel : tuim Vmar pãit sbsmy sdy iCel| teb Ÿtamar gâHiF iCela ŸKlaGr| Vim iClam Ÿtamar putul bˆ, ŸZmn Vmaedr baiRet Vim iClam babar putul Ÿmey; Vr …Kaen iSìra Vmar putul| tuim Vmaek iney ZKn ŸKlet tKn Vmar Kub mja lageta, ŸZmn iSìedr iney Vim ZKn ŸKlatam tKn tara Kub mja Ÿpeta| ŸFarBaê, …† He¬C Vmaedr ibey ......... sÇ»anedr manux krar jenY Vim ikBaeb ˆpZu¹¡? tar Veg Vmar Verk kaj VeC| Vim pãTm iSQa Ÿdeba inejek-tuim Vmaek sHayta krar meta manux nw| Vmar inejek† ta kret Heb| Vr Ÿs-jenY† Vim ŸCeR Zai¬C Ÿtamaek......... inejek Vr Vmar carpaeSr sbikCu ŸbaJar jenY Vmaek dƒaRaet Heb sÚpUàN …kla| Ÿs-jenY† Vim Vr Ÿtamar saeT Vr Taket pair na.........

…mn kTay smgã pur›xtÇ½ w rbIÆÅnaT VHt ŸbaD krebn, …b„ VHt ŸbaD ker Ÿnarar ÷amIw| KƒaiF pur›xaiDtYbadI ÷amI iHeSeb Ÿs Ÿnaraek ŸbaJay ÷amI w sÇ»aenr pãit narIr reyeC "pibº daiytÔ'; sbar Veg Ÿnara He¬C "ó½I w ma'| ikÇ¼ Ÿnara men ker AnYrkm : Vmar ibSÿas sbar Veg Vim …kjn manux, ifk tuim ŸZmn; ba Vim Ÿcña kreba …kjn manux Hey ˆfet| ŸFarBaê, Vim jain AiDka„S manux† men kreb ŸZ tuim† ifk, Vr w† Drenr kTa pawya Zaeb b†puó»ek; teb ViDka„S manux ik bel Vr b†et ik pawya Zay, ta iney Vim KuiS Taket pair na| inejr jenY sbikCu Vmaek Babet Heb, buJet Heb.........

Ÿnara, w piëcemr narImui¹¡badIra, narIr jenY ŸceyeC manuexr AiDkar; tara AiBny kret cayin pur›xteÇ½r Ÿdya ó½I ba maeyr paeàF| …Fa Ÿkaena As„gt bYapar na H'elw rbIÆÅnaeTr kaeC ta "As„gt'| obxmY Vr narIr pur›xaDInta s˜t tƒar kaeC| rbIÆÅnaT men kern, †ˆeraepr "ó½Ielaekra ŸZn taedr ó½I÷Baebr jenY li°t'| rbIÆÅnaT ibSÿas kern "ó½I÷Bab' b'el …kFa káiºm ibkát ijineS, Za iml baitl k'er ideyiCeln narI-ADIntay (1869)| …kdSk Veg pãTmbar ibelet igey ŸsKankar narIedr ÷aDInta ŸdeK tƒar men HeyiCela ŸZ BartIyra inejedr pãeyajen narIedr k'er tueleC "jÇ¼' Vr "jRpdaàT'| …kdSekr meDY itin inej† Hey wefn …kjn VdàS BartIy, iZin narIedr k'er raKet can w† jÇ¼ Vr jRpdaàT, iZin ibSÿas kern na narImui¹¡et, iZin pãcar kern BartIy narIr sueKr rœpkTa :

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Vmra Ÿta ŸdKet pa† Vmaedr ŸdeSr Ÿmeyra tƒaedr suegal Ÿkaml duiF baûet du-gaiC bala p'er isƒeTr maJKaniFet isƒduerr ŸrKa ŸkeF sdapãsÊ mueK ŸøH Ÿpãm klYaeN Vmaedr mDur ker ŸreKeCn| kKena kKena AiBmaenr ASã›jel tƒaedr nynpLb VàÅ Hey Ves, kKena-ba Baelabasar §r›tr AtYacaer tƒaedr srl suÆdr suKSãI oDàZgÝIr skr›n ibxaed ßankaiÇ» DarN ker;......... Za ŸHak, Vmaedr gâHlQMIedr iney Vmra Ÿta ŸbS sueK ViC …b„ tƒara ŸZ beRa AsueK VeCn, …mntera Vmaedr kaeC ta kKena pãkaS kern in, maeJr ŸTek sHsã Ÿº¡aS dUer Ÿlaekr AnàTk Hœdy ibdIàN Hey Zay Ÿkn|

ŸZ ŸcaeK rbIÆÅnaT ŸdeKeCn …Kaen BartIy narIedr, Ÿs-ŸcaKek AÉ blel Bul bla Hy na| itin narIedr ŸdeKeCn pur›xteÇ½r ŸcaeK, Vr ŸramYaiÆFekr dâiñet; tƒar ŸcaeK peReC narIr suegal Ÿkaml baû, du-gaiC bala, ŸøH Ÿpãm klYaeNr meta kiæpt bYapar§ela| …-bàNna p'eR men Hy rbIÆÅnaT baó»b narIedr kKena ŸdeKn in, ba ŸdeKeCn samÇ»-s¬Cl pirbaerr Abaó»b narIedr, Zaedr iCela suegal baû, …b„ ta Ÿkamlw, Vr taet balaw iCela; ikÇ¼ AiDka„S BartIy narIr rœp sÚpUàN iBÊ| BartIy narIr duàdSa ŸTek ŸgeC tƒar ŸcaeKr VRael| "Vmaedr gâHlQMIedr iney Vmra Ÿta ŸbS sueK ViC', tƒar …-÷Ikaerai¹¡ Hyeta stY; teb "tƒara ŸZ beRa AsueK VeCn …mntera Vmaedr kaeC Ÿta kKena pãkaS kern in', …kTa stY ny| narIra taedr AsueKr kTa beleC ba jaineyeC barbar, ikÇ¼ pur›xtÇ½ taet kan Ÿdy in, ba taedr ó»Ø k'er ideyeC ŸZmn ó»Ø k'ereC tara rmaba†ek| narI ŸZ AsuKI H'et paer, ta-† ibSÿas kret paer in pur›xatYbadIra| rbIÆÅnaT taedr …kjn| itin ŸGaxna kereCn, "Vmaedr smaejr ŸZrkm gfn, taet smaejr BaelamÆd Za†-ŸHak Vmaedr ó½Ielaekra ŸbS rkm sueK VeCn| †„erjra men kret paern lneFins na ŸKlel …b„ "bl' na nacel ó½Ielak suKI Hy na, ikÇ¼ Vmaedr ŸdeSr Ÿlaekr ibSÿas, Baelaebes …b„ Baelabasa Ÿpey† ó½Ielaekr pãkát suK| teb ŸsFa …kFa k™s„ôar Hetw paer|' …kjn KƒaiF pãTabadI BartIy iHeSeb rbIÆÅnaT Ÿjar k'er† pãmaN kret ŸceyeCn ŸZ sueK VeC BartIy narIra| suK bYapariF Kub† manisk, sueK Taket paer rbIÆÅnaeTr BâtY Vr AsueK Taket paern pãBu rbIÆÅnaT, teb BartIy narIra Vsel ŸbS rkm sueK iCela na| itin lneFins ŸKla ba bl nacaek inÆda kereCn, itin men kern w§ela narIr sueKr jenY drkar ny; ikÇ¼ itin Zid BartIy narIedr kaeC janet ca†etn …-sÚpeàk, taHel ŸZ-ˆ¹r Ÿpetn taet Q™Ø ŸbaD kretn| ŸdKetn ŸKlet Vr nacet cay BartIy narIraw! itin ibSÿas kern, "Baelaebes …b„ Baelabasa Ÿpey† ó½Ielaekr pãkát suK|' tƒar ˆpliØ cm‡kar, teb pãSÈ He¬C pur›exr suK kIes; Baela na Ÿbes, Baelabasa na Ÿpey? pur›exr jenY ik Baelabasa ik inràTk? pur›x ik …mn jÇ¼, Zar drkar Ÿn† Baelabasar w Baelabasa pawyar? rbIÆÅnaT narIek men kereCn ŸKlar putul, ŸFarBaeêr meta itinw pCÆd kern putul ŸKlet; men kern narIr kaj He¬C pur›xek Baelabasa, Vr kKenakKena pur›exr Vdr pawya| pur›exr …-Baelabasa ŸZ Apman, ta bueJiCela rbIÆÅnaeTr "narI ˆi¹¡'r narIiF; Ÿs jaineyiCela, "ViC ŸZn Ÿsanar Kƒacay/ …kKain Ÿpax-mana pãaN|/ …w ik buJaet Hy-/ Ÿpãm Zid naiH ry/ Haisey ŸsaHag kra ìDu Apman|' BartIy narI Hyeta pãaNB'er BaelaebeseC taedr

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pur›xedr, ikÇ¼ tara Baelabasa payin, ŸpeyeC ŸsaHaegr naem Apman| teb w† ŸsaHagw ŸjaeF in AiDka„S narIr BaegY| rbIÆÅnaeTr ibSÿas, "Vmaedr pirbaer narIHœdy ŸZmn ibicºBaeb cirtaàTta laB ker …mn †„erj-pirbaer AsÝb|' †„erj pirbaerr tulnay iHÆdu/bãaü pirbaer narIHœdeyr ibicºBaeb cirtaàTta laeBr ŸZ-ibbrN itin ideyeCn, ta cURaÇ»rœep màmýpàSI| narIr DarabaiHk la®naek itin beleCn narIHœdeyr cirtaàTta| BartIy narIHœdeyr cirtaàTta pãmaeNr jenY itin tulna kereCn †„erj icrk™marI w BartIy ibDbar meDY : baHY sadâeSY Vmaedr ibDba yuerapIy icrk™marIr sman Helw pãDan …kFa ibxey pãeBd VeC| Vmaedr ibDba narIpãkáit kKena ìï SUnY pitt ŸTek Anuàbrta laeBr Absr pay na| tƒar Ÿkal kKena SUnY Taek na, baûduiF kKena AkàmNY Taek na, Hœdy kKena ˆdasIn Taek na| itin kKena jnnI kKena duiHta kKena sKI| …† jenY icrjIbn† itin Ÿkaml srs ŸøHSIl Hey Taekn| baiRr AnYanY Ÿmeyedr se˜ tƒar bûkaelr suKduWKmy pãIitr siKtÔbÉn, baiRr pur›xedr se˜ ŸøHBi¹¡-pirHaesr ibicº sÜÉ; gâHkaeàZr Bar Za ÷Babt† Ÿmeyra Baelabaes taw tƒar ABab Ÿn†| ............. br„ …kjn ibbaiHt rmNIr ibRalSabk …b„ myna Ÿpaxbar pãbâi¹ …b„ Absr Taek, ikÇ¼ ibDbaedr Haet Hœdeyr Ÿs† Aitir¹¡ ŸkaNFuk™w ˆdbâ¹ Taket pãay ŸdKa Zay na|

rbIÆÅnaeTr meta …kjn ýpàSkatr, ŸramYaniFk kib kI k'er …eta s„ebdnHIn Hey ˆfet paern, ta Babetw ŸSak jaeg| itin ó»b kereCn pâiTbIr sbecey ŸSacnIy màmaiÇ»k …k bYapaerr| iHÆdu ibDba sb Drenr ibDbar meDY ŸSacnIytm, tar jIbn He¬C DarabaiHk stIdaH; ikÇ¼ rbIÆÅnaT taek† beleCn "Hœdeyr cirtaàTta'| Zar jIbn sÚpUàN SUnY ìï pitt Anuàbr, tar jIbnek ktk§ela inràTk Se× pUàN k'er Ÿtalar Ÿcña kereCn rbIÆÅnaT| rbIÆÅnaT ik men kern ŸZ ibDbar jIbn bYàT H'et paer, ikÇ¼ tar narIpãkáit Hey ˆef ibicºBaeb cirtaàT, Ÿknna tar VSãydata pirbariF taek …eta kaj Ÿdy ŸZ taet† Ÿs B'er ˆef? rbIÆÅnaeTr bàNna baó»bBaeb Anubad krel dƒaRay ŸZ ibDbar inejr sÇ»an na Takelw perr sÇ»an paln kret kret kaeF tar skal ŸTek sÉYa| perr sÇ»an paln kI kifn kaj, ta jaen ìDu ibDbara†| "itin kKena jnnI kKena duiHta kKena sKI';- …Fa mDur ìnaelw mDur bYapar ny, Kub† ibxa¹¡ bYapar| …r baó»b Anubad He¬C ibDba …mn manux, Zar inejr Ÿkaena s¹a Ÿn†, jIbn Ÿn†, Ÿs ŸGaer AnYedr ŸkÆÅ k'er; tar jIbn inribi¬CÊ la®nar, ikÇ¼ rbIÆÅnaeTr kaeC ta† mDur| "gâHkaeàZr Bar Za ÷Babt† Ÿmeyra Baelabaes taw tƒar ABab Ÿn†', …r pãTma„S stY na H'elw iÃtIya„S Kub† stY ŸZ ibDba k'er Taek dasIr kaj, Vr tar kaejr Ÿkaena ŸSx Ÿn†| w† kaejr jenY Ÿs pairSãimk pay na, tar BaegY ŸjaeF la®na| "…kjn ibbaiHt rmNIr ibRalSabk …b„ myna Ÿpaxbar pãbâi¹ …b„ Absr Taek', ikÇ¼ ta Taek na ibDbar; …r karN … ny ŸZ tar Hœdypaº ŸTek Amât ˆpec pReC, …sb tu¬C kaj krar meta Absr Ÿn†| …r karN He¬C dasIr Ÿkaena sueZag Ÿn† w† sb samÇ» SeKr| ibDba He¬C di¸t narI, ŸZ Ÿkaena ApraD kerin; ikÇ¼

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rbIÆÅnaT inrapraD narIr w† d¸ek† men kern Hœdeyr cirtaàTta! …-smey (1891) itin narImui¹¡ sÚpeàk Ÿ÷¬Cay ibteàk jiRey peRn narImui¹¡badI káx—BaibnI daesr saeT| káx—BaibnI "iSiQt narI' (1298) naemr …kiF pãbeÉ daib kern narIiSQa, can ikCuFa ÷aDInta| narIek GrCaRa krar Ÿkaena ˆeÀSY tƒar iCela na, itinw ŸceyiCeln iSQar saHaeZY ˆÊtjaetr narIˆ‡padn kret, ikÇ¼ rbIÆÅnaT bYgã Hey peRn narIek Ger VFek raKar jenY| itin inejek ŸdeKn pur›xteÇ½r muKpaºrœep, Zaek baƒcaena tƒar kaj, Zar miHma rQa kra tƒar daiytÔ| pur›x† ŸZ narIek VFek ŸreKeC Ger, káx—BaibnIr …-AiBeZag kaFaenar jnY itin Vbar ŸdaHa† Ÿdn pãkáitr [ˆÁât, AnnYa (1394, 19)] : pãkáit† rmNIek ibeSx kaàZYBar w tdnurœp pãbâi¹ idya gâHbaisnI kiryaeCnpur›exr saàbÕeBOimk ÷aàTprta w ˆ‡pIRn neH- At…b baiHerr kàm idel itin suKIw H†ebn na, sPlw H†ebn na|

ˆinS Stekr ba–ail narIra inejedr Abóùa bàNna krar jenY duiF rœpk bYbHar kereCn barbar : ip²r w karagar| gâHek tara ŸdeKeCn w† rœpek, tƒara daib kereCn narIek ŸsKaen zuikeyeC pur›exra†| káx—BaibnIw ta-† beln, ikÇ¼ rbIÆÅnaT …ek men kern pãkáitr SÿaSt ibDan| rbIÆÅnaeTr ibSÿas pãkáit† ibkla˜ k'er otir kereC narIek, ta† Taek Taket Heb Ger, manet Heb pur›xaiDptY| iBe¢arIyedr meta rbIÆÅnaT men kern inejek ˆ‡sàg kra† narItÔ| …sÚpeàk káx—BaibnI Za beln, ta AibîmrNIy [ ˆÁât, AnnYa (1394, 20)] : perapkar w AenYr jenY jIbn DarN kra ŸZmn narIr ˆeÀSY, rmNI Ÿtmin inejr inim¹w bƒaicya Taek|

káx—BaibnIr ˆi¹¡r pãTma„S ˆgã pur›xteÇ½r saeT Vepax, Vr iÃtIya„S inejek Vibïar| Ÿnarar meta káx—aibnI ìDu inejr jenY baƒcet can in, jIbNDarN kret ŸceyeCn pãDant perr† jenY, …kFuk™ ìDu Ÿbƒec Taket ŸceyeCn inejr jenY| pur›xtÇ½ Vr rbIÆÅnaT taet raij nn; itin can narI Heb º¡™SibÁ ijsas, tYag ÷Ikar k'er Zaeb VmrN| narIr ŸZ-ó»b kern itin, ta pur›x kereC barbar narIek inejr beS raKar jenY [ˆÁât, AnnYa (1394, 21)] : narI narI bilya† ŸSãò| itin pur›exr kaeàZY Hó»eQp kirel ŸZ ŸSãòtr H†ebn taHa neH br„ ibprIt GiFet paer, taHaet tƒaHaedr cireºr Ÿkamlta, siHxu—ta w dâ•tar sma²sY nñ Hwya VëcàZY neH|

iBe¢arIyra narIek pur›exr ŸTek ˆ‡káñ b'el Aibram pãS„sa kereC, ikÇ¼ taek ADIen raKar sb rkm ŸkOSl ineyeC; "ˆ‡káñ' kTaiF iCela …k inràTk suBaxN| Ÿs-narI† iCela taedr kaeC ˆ‡káñ, ŸZ pur›exr ADIen Taek| …ek ibÅœp k'er ˆinSStekr …k ibelit bY˜icºkr …kiF bY˜icº …ƒekiCeln, Zaet …kiF pur›x Ÿcyaer b'es tar ó½Ir idek pa baiRey idey bleC, "ŸH narI, sâiñr ŸSãò, manbtar smãa¯I, manbjaitr jnnI, Vmar jueta ŸKaela' [Å FYaniHl (1980, icº

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19)]| iml beliCeln …Fa …k pirHas ŸZ ˆ‡káñra Takeb inkáñedr ADIen! "narI narI bilya† ŸSãò' …k SUnY buil| rbIÆÅnaT BaelaBaeb† ibSÿas kern iBe¢arIy Gerba†er ba iBÊ …lakate¹Ô, …b„ ibeSxDreNr narI÷Baeb| itin narIek men kern pãkáitr Haet otir …k ibeSx Drenr rasayink pdaàT, Zaet ibeîParN GFet paer Zid narI Ÿcña ker ba†er Vsar| w† duàGFnay nñ Hey Zaeb narIr ÷Bab-Ÿkamlta, siHxu—ta, dâ•ta! narIr Aenk Veraipt ÷Bab ŸZ pur›xteÇ½r† otir, ta Baebn in rbIÆÅnaT| narI sÚpeàk …kiF DarNa otirw bÁmUl k'er ineyiCeln rbIÆÅnaT ibS-…k™S bCr byes, Za itin puexeCn ViS bCr bys pàZÇ»| narIr duiF ibprIt Dã›brœep ibSÿas kereCn itin : ipãya w jnnI, ˆàbSI w klYaNI, ba pitta w gâiHNI| ipãya-ˆàbSI-pitta narIr …krœp, jnnI-klYaNI-gâiHNI Verk rœp| pãTm rœpiFr ÷pÈ ŸdeKeCn itin kibtar jnY, iÃtIy rœpiFek itin ŸceyeCn baó»eb| tƒar kibta, gæp, ˆpnYaes …-rœp duiF iPeriPer …eseC| …-rœp duiF itin ŸpeyeCn iHÆdupuraeNr smuÅmÇùN ˆpYaKaen, …b„ …edr men kereCn SÿaSt, icrÇ»n| narIek itin ÷aDIn, ÷ay¹Saist, AàTEnitkBaeb ÷inàBr ŸdKet can in| tƒar keykiF kibta p'eR ŸdKet pa† itin narIek ŸdeKeCn kI rœep, Vr Ÿkan rœp ŸceyeCn ÷epÈ w baó»eb| "ˆàbSI' [1302, icºa] kibtaiFet pawya Zay narIr …k rœp, ŸZ "nH mata, nH knYa, nH bDu', Ÿs "suÆdrI rœpsI'| tar jnM HeyiCela "miÇùt sager'| Ÿs ŸsOÆdàZ, ikÇ¼ Ÿs "bâÇH» In puîp', tar jIbn FäYaijk ŸbdnapUàN, Ÿknna Ÿs klYaNI ny| narIr w† rœepr jenY itin dIàGinSÿas ŸPlet paern, ikÇ¼ taek gâeH kamna kern na| blakar (1321) 23-s„KYk kibtayw Ÿmel narIr du† rœp : Ÿkan QeN sâjenr smuÅmÇùen ˆefiCela du† narI Atelr SZYatl CaiR| …kjn ˆàbSI, suÆdrI, ibeSÿr kamna-raejY ranI, ÷eàgr AýprI| AnYjna lQMI Ÿs klYaNI, ibeSÿr jnnI tƒaer jain, ÷eàgr ‰SÿrI|

rbIÆÅicÇ»ay …-du-narI Vidm, icrÇ»nI, SaSÿtI; …edr pirbàtn Ÿn†, …ra rbIÆÅnaT w pur›xteÇ½r du† narI-ŸöirwFa†p| ta† narI icrkal† ŸTek Zaeb ŸpOraiNk ˆàbSI, ŸZ kamnar tâiÐ ŸZagaeb pur›exr, Vr klYanI, ŸZ pur›exr gâHek k'er tuleb ÷eàgr meta suKkr| …ra prýperr ibprIt : ˆàbSI rœpsI, Ÿs ŸbSYa, taek Ÿdbdanb Vr pur›x Ÿkˆ gãHn ker in; Vr klYanIek pur›x bÆdI kereC inejr gâeH| narIr du-rœpek pur›x w rbIÆÅnaT ŸZBaeb ŸdeKeCn, taet narI Hey ˆefeC …k ŸSacnIy pãaNI : Zaek gâeH gãHN kra Hy in, Ÿs HeyeC ŸbSYa-tar kaj skelr ic¹ w SrIribenadn; Vr Zaek gãHN kra HeyeC, Ÿs HeyeC dasI| narIr …-du-rœp† kaj kereC tƒar kibtar ŸpãrNarœep, sÝbt ˆàbSI rœpiF† tƒaek ŸbiS ŸpãrNa ideyeC, teb itin ó»b kereCn narIr

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klYaNI ba dasI rœpiFr| klYaNIr BbNKain, rbIÆÅnaeTr "klYanI' [1307, QiNka] kibtar pirkæpna Anusaer, puîpkan-maeJ saDarNt Taek na, teb … kTa ifk ŸZ "klYaNI, intY VC Vpn gâHkaej|' iBe¢arIyedr "AYae²l †n id Haˆs ' Vr rbIÆÅnaeTr "klYanI' ŸdbI, ta† Babet† ibbimxa Der eZ ŸdbI sarQN kereC gâHkaj, AàTa‡ dasIbâi¹; pur›x ŸdbIek k'er tuleC gâHpircairka! …-dasIr naem itin "sàbeSexr ŸSãò' ganiF ˆ‡sàg kereCn, taek ˆpaiD ideyeCn "÷eàgr ‰SÿrI', …b„ taek kereCn paiàTb narIr AnusrNIy VdàS : "rœpsIra Ÿtamar paey raeK pUjar Tala,/ ibduxIra Ÿtamar glay pray brmala'| rœpsIra w† dasIek pueja ker, ibduxIra taek AiBniÆdt ker! AàTa‡ rbIÆÅnaeTr sar kTa He¬C narIr rœepr mUlY Ÿn†, ¯aenr mUlY Ÿn† Vera, narIr miHma tar gâHkaej ba dasIetÔ; …b„ taek bÆdI k'er raKet Heb gâeH| rbIÆÅnaT men kern narIek H'et Heb narI; Vr pur›x Heb kib, iSæpI, ib¯anI, Sask pãBâit, AàTa‡ pãBu ba sãña| pur›xtÇ½ ŸZ-Cek otir kereC w ŸdKet cay narIek, itin narIek ŸdeKn Ÿs†Ck Anusaer†; narI ZKn Ck ŸBe˜ ŸPel, tKn ŸdKa Ÿdy ibpàZy| …mnik itin inejw ZKn Ck ŸBe˜ narIek bYi¹¡ k'er Ÿtaeln, tKn AibleÜ taek puniàbnYó» kern Cekr meDY| "saDarN Ÿmey' [1339, punëc] kibtaiFet Ÿmel …r pircy| maltI …-kibtay inet ŸceyeC mH‡ pãiteSaD| ŸdbZanIr meta AiBSap Ÿdyar sueZag Ÿs pay in, ta† Ÿs giNet H'et ŸceyeC pãTm, ibelet igey sÝbt kret ŸceyeC h¢erF| nerS Zid taek ibey kreta, teb Ÿs zaka† SaiR p'er kpael isƒdur ŸmeK Hey ˆfeta pãTagt klYaNI-tar nam Heta SãImit maltI dasI; teb bYàTta ŸZmn Aenk mH‡ kaejr ŸpãrNa, maltI Ÿpãemr bYàTtaw maltIek AnupãaiNt ker mH‡ pãiteSaeDr ÷pÈ ŸdKet| maltI Ck ŸBe˜ Ÿbirey peR; pãtairt Ÿpãimka idba÷epÈ Hey ˆef ŸmDabI CaºI;-saiHetYr ny, giNetr| Ÿs ibelet Zay, tar káitetÔ mu© Hey peR carpaS| teb maltI Ck Ba˜et-naBa˜et† rbIÆÅnaT taek iPirey Venn pur›xteÇ½r icrÇ»n Cekr meDY : ŸmeyFaek daw paifey yueraep| ŸsKaen Zara ¯anI, Zara ibÁan, Zara bIr, Zara kib, Zara iSæpI, Zara raja, dl ŸbƒeD Vsuk wr caridek| ŸjYaitiàbedr meta Vibïar kr›k wekìDu ibduxI b'el ny, narI b'el; wr meDY ŸZ ibSÿibjyI jadu VeC Dra pRuk tar rHsY-

Zid narItÔ† Hy tar ŸSãò pircy, taHel giNet pãTm ŸSãNI Vr ibelet gebxNa Hey ˆef ŸSacnIy p¸Sãm| maltI …eta ikCu k'erw Aàjn ker in Ÿkaena saPlY†, tar prm saPlY pren zaka† SaiR Vr kpael isƒdur! ¯anI, ibÃan, bIr, kib, iSæpI, rajara wr maeJ Vibïar kreb …k-Ck bƒaDa narIek, Vr ibduxI maltI, rbIÆÅnaeTr "klYaNI' kibta Anusaer, brNmala praeb klYanI ba dasIr keË| …-Cekr meDY† narIek ŸreKeCn rbIÆÅnaT| …mnik tƒar ibeÅaHI narI, Za ˆÁt pãSÈ ker : "narIek Vpn BagY jy kirbar / Ÿkn naiH ideb AiDkar / ŸH ibData?', ŸZ ŸGaxna ker, "Zab na basrkeQ bDuebeS bajaey iki«NI', Ÿsw Cekr meDY† ŸTek bel : "ZaHa Ÿmar AinàbcnIy /

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taer ŸZn ic¹maeJ pay Ÿmar ipãy' ["sbla' (1335): mûya]| w† AinàbcnIyFuk™ He¬C narItÔ, Za pur›xteÇ½r AtYÇ» ipãy| [ cleb ] AnuilKn : AnÇ»